================================================================================ UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 -------------- FORM 10-K/A -------------- /X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, OR / / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ___________ TO ___________ 000-26287 (COMMISSION FILE NUMBER) -------------- KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. (EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER) -------------- DELAWARE 77-0435679 (State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer of incorporation or Organization Identification No.) 740 BAY ROAD, REDWOOD CITY, CA 94063 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (650) 298-9282 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) -------------- SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT: NONE SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT: COMMON STOCK, $0.001 PAR VALUE -------------- Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes /X/ No / / Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form. / / As of July 17, 2000, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $4,281,390,639 based upon the closing sales price of the Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market(R) on such date. Shares of Common Stock held by officers, directors and holders of more than ten percent of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded from this calculation because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. The determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. As of August 18, 2000, the Registrant had outstanding 93,308,145 shares of Common Stock. -------------- This Report on Form 10-K/A includes 78 pages with the Index to Exhibits located on page 56. ================================================================================ KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K/A FOR YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 PART I PAGE Item 1 Business.............................................................................. 3 Item 2 Properties............................................................................ 15 Item 3 Legal Proceedings..................................................................... 16 Item 4 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders................................... 16 PART II Item 5 Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters............. 17 Item 6 Selected Consolidated Financial Data.................................................. 19 Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations............................................................................ 20 Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk............................ 42 Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data........................................... 43 Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure............................................................................ 43 PART III Item 10 Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.................................... 44 Item 11 Executive Compensation................................................................ 48 Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management........................ 52 Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions........................................ 54 PART IV Item 14 Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K...................... 56 Signatures ...................................................................................... 78 2 PART I THE FOLLOWING CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. OUR ACTUAL RESULTS AND TIMING OF CERTAIN EVENTS COULD DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE ANTICIPATED IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF CERTAIN FACTORS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THOSE SET FORTH UNDER "RISK FACTORS", ELSEWHERE IN THIS REPORT AND IN OUR OTHER PUBLIC FILINGS. ITEM 1. BUSINESS OVERVIEW We are a leading provider of integrated e-business solutions that deliver a Web-architected e-business platform and a comprehensive suite of customer-facing applications for marketing, sales and service. We define e-businesses as companies that leverage the reach and efficiency of the Internet to enhance their competitive market position, from Internet start-ups to the largest 2,000 companies in the world, commonly known as the "Global 2000." Our products and services allow companies to offer customers, business partners and businesses alike, the ability to collaborate with the company and each other to efficiently resolve their problems and to receive timely, easy to access, relevant information. By using our software products and services, e-businesses can, among other things: o offer a Web-based point of entry (or portals) for customers, business partners and the enterprise to give all relevant parties within an e-business their own global view of their communications and relationships; o deliver a managed and integrated set of communication channels, such as e-mail, Web, chat, instant messaging, voice over the Internet, phone and person-to-person; o provide a broad range of interaction applications that empower customers and partners to choose where, when, and how to interact with the company. These applications offer four methods of operation: assisted service, virtual assisted service, self-service and proactive service; o provide a suite of e-business and communications applications that integrate marketing, sales and service functions, helping e-businesses provide complete customer lifecycle solutions that engage, acquire and grow the customer base; and o establish an open, scaleable platform that can be easily deployed and integrated into existing applications and data sources. As a result, we enable e-businesses to increase sales, reduce costs and build greater customer loyalty. Our software, which consists of applications built upon our technology platform, is designed with a Web-based architecture. By Web-based, we mean that our software design is based on the unique characteristics of Internet technologies and uses Internet industry open standards, such as the Java programming language, Hypertext Mark-Up Language (HTML), and Extensible Mark-up Language (XML). This Web-based architecture enhances the scalability of our software and enables the rapid integration of our platform with other e-business and legacy application and data systems. By integrating with databases and other enterprise systems, our technology platform functions as the software infrastructure for rapidly deploying and changing an e-business solution. We offer our products on both a license and a hosted basis. We also offer implementation, consulting and maintenance services to support our customers. Kana Online, our hosted application service, allows e-businesses to rapidly and efficiently deploy our integrated e-business solutions while minimizing their up-front investment in hardware, software and services. Our objective is to become the leading provider of mission critical Web-architected communications and relationship management software products and services for e-businesses. To achieve our objective, we intend to expand our products to enter new markets, increase our global distribution capabilities and alliances, leverage our hosted application service and continue to emphasize customer advocacy and satisfaction. 3 Our customers range from Global 2000 companies pursuing an e-business strategy to rapidly growing Internet companies. The following is a representative list of our customers: o eBay o eToys o E*Trade o American Airlines o Ameritrade o Kodak o The Gap o barnesandnoble.com o Sprint PCS No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues in 1998 or 1999. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS On June 12, 2000, we sold 2,500,000 shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of $125.0 million (net proceeds of approximately $120.0 million) in a private placement transaction with entities affiliated with Putnam Investment Management, Inc. and The Putnam Advisory Company, Inc., entities affiliated with The Galleon Group, DWS Investments and Metzler Investments. On June 28, 2000, we registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission our common stock for resale by these selling stockholders. On April 19, 2000, we completed a merger with Silknet Software, Inc. under which Silknet became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Silknet provides electronic relationship management software, or eRM software, that allows companies to offer marketing, sales, e-commerce and support services through a single Web site interface personalized for individual customers. Silknet's products enable a company to deliver these services to its customers over the Web through customer self-service, assisted service or immediate, direct collaboration among that company and its customers, partners, employees and suppliers. These users can choose from a variety of communications media, such as the Web, e-mail and the telephone, to do business with that company. Silknet's software can capture and consolidate data derived from all of these sources and distribute it throughout a company and to its partners to provide a single view of the customer's interaction with that company. In connection with the merger, each share of Silknet common stock outstanding immediately prior to the completion of the Merger was converted into the right to receive 1.66 shares of our common stock and we assumed Silknet's outstanding stock options and warrants based on the exchange ratio, issuing approximately 29.2 million shares of our common stock and reserving approximately 4.0 million shares of our common stock for Silknet options and warrants assumed by us. The transaction is intended to qualify as a tax-free reorganization under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. INDUSTRY BACKGROUND With the widespread adoption of the Internet, new businesses can enter and disrupt established markets virtually overnight. In this environment, most companies and customers have a variety of purchasing options and are only a click away from being able to defect to the competition. Whether a company is a Global 2000 enterprise, or a newly established Internet-based business, the ability to provide a high quality interaction and experience, and thus to establish long-term relationships and loyalty, is critical to business survival. Until recently, the relationships with customers and partners were based on interactions in-person, by telephone or by letter. In order to respond to these types of inquiries more effectively, many companies invested substantial resources in expensive call centers and traditional direct marketing initiatives. Call centers typically served a customer service function, employed costly technology and did not scale effectively. Traditional direct marketing is typically expensive and not highly effective in terms of conversion and response rates. With the advent of the Internet and the proliferation of e-mail, the manner through which businesses communicate has undergone a fundamental change: customers and partners are now demanding that businesses be accessible anytime and through a variety of channels, including the Web, e-mail, telephone and storefront. Given the emerging shift to online customer and partner interaction, traditional solutions are not addressing the fundamental changes required by e-businesses. Datamonitor reported that U.S. online businesses lost over $6.1 billion in potential e-commerce sales in 1999 alone due to lack of customer service at their Web sites. And as of October 1999, Gartner Group estimated that more than 90 percent of enterprises are not adequately prepared to handle online customer service inquiries. 4 There can be negative consequences for a business if it fails to manage customer interactions effectively. These consequences can include loss of customers, increased difficulty in acquiring new customers and a deterioration of competitive position. In a recent Harris Interactive study, leading Web sites were consistently found to generate more revenue from the customers that sought and received service with the company over those customers who did not. In addition, businesses face higher operating and information technology costs without efficient and reliable management of customer and partner interactions. Perhaps most significantly, businesses may lose the opportunity to take advantage of new revenue-generating opportunities by failing to capitalize upon the wealth of information conveyed through these communications. While addressing these challenges, businesses must also be able to deploy a customer communications solution across multiple departments, to integrate the solution with existing business and legacy systems and databases and to scale the solution as volumes grow. As a result, businesses need to build an infrastructure so that customers, the enterprise and partners can interact effectively and efficiently. A business will then be able to enhance the customer experience by not only better servicing the customer, but by also providing communications mechanisms so its partners and the enterprise can better collaborate with each other. We believe that in order for companies to compete effectively in today's rapidly changing business environment, they must differentiate themselves by providing the highest quality experience for their customers and partners. To accomplish this, businesses require an integrated set of e-business solutions that: o allow the customer, the partner and the enterprise each a global view of its communications and relationships with the other parties; o empower customers to choose how, when and where to interact with the e-business; o establish an open, scaleable platform that can be easily deployed and integrated into existing applications and data sources; o broaden the opportunities for revenue generation through the extraction, analysis and management of valuable information contained within online interactions; and o reduce operating and information technology costs while integrating with existing e-business and legacy systems. THE KANA SOLUTION Our products and services enable e-businesses to manage their e-business interactions and relationships in order to generate additional revenue opportunities, enhance customer and partner loyalty, and reduce operating and information technology costs. For those companies unwilling or unable to implement the solution themselves, Kana Online, our Web-based service, offers certain of our solution on a hosted basis. We believe our products and services provide the following business benefits: INCREASED REVENUE OPPORTUNITIES. Our software enables e-businesses to track and manage customer and business partner interactions and integrate the resulting information with relevant data contained within existing corporate databases and systems. By integrating and using information in this way, e-businesses can identify and create additional revenue-generating opportunities. For example, e-businesses can convert marketing interactions into sales by attaching highly personalized and targeted communications in electronic direct marketing campaigns, decrease shopping cart abandonment with proactive customer service and optimize the abilities of the best sales representative by automating those skills online to create highly sophisticated automated sales assistants. ENHANCED CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. Our products and services were developed to meet the needs of both the customer and the e-business. Through personalized, Web-based points of entry for the customer and business partners, we provide a complete overview of all facets of the customer's and partner's relationship with the e-business. This unique viewpoint allows the customer to interact with the e-business on the customer's terms, whether shopping, managing his or her account or learning about products and services. This ability to collaborate seamlessly across the enterprise facilitates the generation of comprehensive, accurate and timely interactions. Our software also provides e-businesses with the ability to track and manage online customer interactions. E-businesses can analyze and report on this information and launch customized initiatives in response to the gathered 5 information. We believe that the resulting improvements in the overall customer experience will enable e-businesses to significantly enhance customer retention and loyalty. REDUCED OPERATING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COSTS. Our products and services reduce the operating and information technology costs of e-businesses by increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of online customer and partner interactions and transactions. For instance, an e-business using our software will be able to integrate Web operations with other business computing systems, such as fulfillment, call center and supply chain systems, thereby increasing efficiency and productivity, and reducing costs. Costs may be further reduced as a result of integrating expensive telephony-based environments with the more cost-effective channels of e-mail and the Web. Our products use a combination of automation, business rules, artificial intelligence, workflow, analytics and advanced messaging analysis technologies to allow e-businesses to deliver information and respond to customer requests rapidly and accurately. Our open, scaleable Web-based architecture is designed to be integrated readily with e-businesses' legacy systems, extending these systems' useful lives and allowing e-businesses to avoid expensive upgrades. In addition, our hosted, Web-based service, Kana Online, allows e-businesses to utilize certain of our product while minimizing information technology infrastructure costs. In addition to these business benefits, our products provide e-businesses: o WEB-ARCHITECTED PLATFORM. Our software is developed upon a Web-based architecture that supports multiple hardware and software platforms and browser-based interfaces. Our software runs on multiple hardware platforms simultaneously in order to enhance scaleability and increase reliability. In addition, our open, standards-based software is readily deployable and integrates rapidly with existing applications and data sources. o PROVEN SCALABILITY AND RELIABILITY. We offer an open and scalable platform that allows rapid configuration and deployment and allows modular growth to handle large numbers of transactions and concurrent users. o OPEN AND STANDARDS-BASED. Our software supports open industry standards such as the Java programming language, Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) and Extensible Mark-up Language (XML), and integrates easily with: o existing enterprise software environments; o e-mail, telephony, billing and ERP systems; o product and other databases; and o a broad range of other information systems. The ability to share data across these multiple applications provides e-businesses with a powerful tool for capitalizing on their customer interactions. OPTIMIZE KEY BUSINESS PROCESSES. Our software is designed to optimize workflow, information and communications associated with e-business communications. Our software can be configured to trigger not only a message delivery and response but also other actions within an organization. For example, our software can alert an e-business' engineering department if the e-business receives repeat inquiries about a software defect or the human resources department if a resume is attached to a communication. ENHANCED PRODUCTIVITY. Our software is designed to automate key functions of e-business communications process while simultaneously providing high-quality customer communications. Users can customize the applications and access an integrated knowledge base of corporate information to handle increased message volume. Our software also provides one-click access to customer histories and all previous communications so that users can accurately target customers and provide fully informed, accurate and personalized answers that are consistent across the organization. System administrators can set preferences, routing rules and user permissions and establish address books and message queues, all on a real-time basis. 6 THE KANA STRATEGY Our objective is to become the leading provider of Web-architected communications and relationship management products and services for e-businesses. The key elements of our strategy include: EXTEND MARKET LEADERSHIP POSITION. Our objective is to extend our position as a leader in the e-business software market by delivering a broad range of world-class Web-architected e-business and interaction applications with a modular, flexible and scaleable platform. We intend to take advantage of our technological leadership, strategic customer base and distribution capabilities to extend our current position as a market leader. Moreover, we believe that, by broadening our suite of products and services that enable companies to interact with their customers in the most cost-effective and efficient ways possible, we can expand our market opportunities and solidify our position as a leading provider of comprehensive e-business products and services. EXPAND OUR SUITE OF PRODUCTS TO ENTER NEW MARKETS. We intend to expand our suite of products to include additional e-commerce and business applications in order to enter new markets. In developing these applications, we are working with our customers to identify the strategic and functional needs of e-businesses that operate in the rapidly changing Internet environment. Our focus is to develop applications that address those needs and integrate them seamlessly with our existing platform to help e-businesses establish broader and deeper customer relationships. We believe these applications will be integrated to merge e-commerce transactions with customer communications to create further revenue opportunities. INCREASE DISTRIBUTION CAPABILITIES. We intend to broaden and increase our distribution capabilities worldwide by combining the efforts of our direct sales force and our alliances with leading e-business service and infrastructure providers, such as Andersen Consulting, Convergys Corporation, Davox, IBM, KPMG Consulting and Siemens. By expanding existing alliances and aggressively developing new ones, we can leverage others' sales, marketing and deployment capabilities to help establish us as a worldwide provider of e-business products and services to manage online customer communications. ESTABLISH TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP WITH OPEN, SCALEABLE WEB-BASED ARCHITECTURE. Our objective is to establish our architecture as the leading technology platform and market standard for e-business products and services. To deliver the high performance required in the complex and rapidly changing e-business environment, we have designed our products to be highly scaleable, easily customizable and readily able to integrate with existing enterprise applications and systems. Our Web-based platform enables a universal customer history, allowing the enterprise to view all interactions from one location, allows the enterprise to scale to millions of daily interactions and allows for workflow and business rule adjustments in real time without disabling the entire system. In addition, because our Web-based architecture is based on industry standards such as Java, HTML and XML, e-businesses and third parties are able to develop and deploy new applications on top of our platform. We intend to continue to develop and enhance our advanced architecture to efficiently handle the growing volume of online customer communications while providing increased functionality across e-businesses. LEVERAGE HOSTED WEB-BASED APPLICATION SERVICE. We offer Kana Online, our hosted Web-based application service, for e-businesses that want to deploy an online customer interaction system rapidly and efficiently while minimizing their up-front investment in hardware, software and services. Kana Online allows us to manage important customer data and monitor realtime, hands-on customer feedback on our software. We intend to continue developing this service because this service allows us to target additional markets that are complementary to our software-based solution, provide us with recurring revenue streams and may, in the future, allow us to enter into new business opportunities. To date, revenues received from Kana Online have not been significant. Although we intend to develop and support this service, as a result of many factors, including the relative success of sales of our products and our services, we cannot accurately predict when revenues from Kana Online will become significant. EMPHASIZE CUSTOMER ADVOCACY AND SATISFACTION. We believe that delivering complete customer satisfaction is vital to growing our business. Our emphasis on customer advocacy and satisfaction has provided us with a strong base of referenceable customers. This strategy provides many benefits, including potentially shortened sales cycles, incremental sales opportunities to our installed-base of customers and new and improved products resulting from customer feedback. We intend to remain focused on providing the highest level of satisfaction to our customers and to continue to design our solutions to address their online customer communications needs. In addition, we intend to 7 continue to build our professional services group, which maintains customer relationships beyond the implementation phase and is responsible for providing a superior customer experience. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OUR PLATFORM AND SUITE OF APPLICATIONS Our products are comprised of a flexible solutions platform and applications for marketing, sales and service. Together the platform and the applications create an advanced and scaleable customer-centric e-business solution. The suite of software applications consists of the Kana eBusiness Platform, Kana Service, Kana Commerce, Kana Connect, Kana I-Mail, Kana Voice, Kana Assist, Kana Advisor, Kana Phone, Kana Classify and Kana Response. KANA EBUSINESS PLATFORM. The Kana eBusiness Platform is an expandable platform for building, deploying and adapting software applications. The platform can service additional users by adding more hardware, allowing a company to service a growing customer base. Our platform can also be tailored and extended to add features and functionality to accommodate and integrate the way a customer requires services and the way a company does business as that company's business evolves. The Kana eBusiness Platform integrates personalized interactions, collaborations and transactions over the Web among a company and that company's customers, partners, employees and suppliers. KANA SERVICE. Kana Service is a customer services application that enables a company to unify all touch points with a customer into a single view that can be provided to both the customer services agent as well as the customer. Kana Service includes a case management function that enables case creation and resolution, workload management and user-defined workflows to support a company's internal customer services process. KANA COMMERCE. Kana Commerce application combines the Kana eBusiness Platform and Microsoft's Site Server engine and enables a company to create and manage an electronic storefront over the Web. In addition, the Kana eCommerce application integrates Kana Service with third-party e-commerce products, enabling personalized shopping, service and support through a single Web site interface for both business to consumer and business to business commerce. Kana eCommerce creates a single, unified view of the customer relationship and transactions across departments, such as marketing, sales, customer service, billing, purchasing and product development, and also among partners, employees and suppliers. KANA CONNECT. Kana Connect is our electronic direct marketing application that enables e-businesses to proactively deliver individually targeted messages to increase the lifetime value of customers. The application enables marketers to profile, target and engage customers in one-to-one conversations through permission-based, e-mail communication. KANA I-MAIL. Kana I-Mail lets e-businesses engage in one-to-one realtime communications with customers. The solution's two-way Web-based instant messaging between the company and customer provides immediate online assistance to the customer. Kana I-Mail delivers different service levels to customers based on a number of contextual factors such as the Web page the customer is browsing, the value of the items in the customer's shopping cart and the nature of the customer's question to determine the appropriate service level for that individual. KANA VOICE. Kana Voice allows customers to have a voice conversation with a company agent over the Internet. Customers simply click on a button and are connected with a live agent online. When a customer requests a voice conversation, a secure connection is made between the customer and the company representative using a robust communications network. Kana Voice also takes advantage of collaborative Web browsing, Web history tracking, prioritization, escalation, knowledgebase and agent and administrator features. KANA ADVISOR. Kana Advisor is a Web-based application that provides an electronic, or virtual, personal sales assistant who helps a customer through the online purchasing process and builds a higher level of trust and interaction between a company and its customers. This makes it possible for a company to provide consultative and expert sales assistance in a manner that can be far more cost-effective than human-assisted sales. KANA ASSIST. Kana Assist is an online self-service application that improves the customer experience by delivering context-sensitive answers to customer questions directly on the Web site, allowing customers to quickly and conveniently obtain answers to their questions without the intervention of a customer service representative. 8 KANA PHONE. Kana Phone integrates to third-party computer telephone software applications, providing customer service representatives with a single interface to customer inquiries received over various media, including the Web, e-mail and the telephone. KANA CLASSIFY. Kana Classify is our advanced message classification technology that drives automated actions. Kana Classify categorizes customer messages and can automatically respond to customers, suggest responses for user review or route messages to skill-based queues. KANA RESPONSE. Kana Response is our e-mail and Web communications management application that assists e-businesses in responding to large numbers of inbound customer communications. Kana Response provides rule-based automation, intelligent workflow, message queuing, specialized user tools and a centralized knowledge base of issues and responses. KANA ONLINE Kana Online is a Web-based application service that offers our software on a hosted basis. Kana Online provides e-businesses with access to a customized version of our software without the need to purchase, install or maintain their own server or database infrastructure. With Kana Online, we host the back-end infrastructure and the customer accesses our powerful functionality through a Web browser or by deploying Kana's Power Client. The hardware and core technology supporting Kana Online is pre-installed and managed at Exodus Communications, Inc., a leading provider of Internet server hosting and management solutions. We believe that Exodus is equipped to provide the security, reliability and performance required for hosting our solution through its nationwide network operating centers and high-speed wide area network backbone. Kana Online offers several key benefits to e-businesses: O LOW INITIAL INVESTMENT. E-businesses gain the benefits of the core components of our software with limited hardware and software infrastructure costs. O LOW COST OF USE. Because we host the back-end infrastructure for Kana Online, e-businesses keep IT administration and overhead costs low while achieving the benefits of our software. O SCALABILITY. Kana Online is scaleable and, because of the Kana Online fee structure, an e-business' costs will increase only as its usage increases. O RELIABILITY AND SECURITY. A team of dedicated professionals monitors and maintains the customer business applications in a secure environment. We actively work to promote the security of e-business data and the reliability of the Kana Online service. O RAPID DEPLOYMENT. Since e-businesses run our software locally, they are not responsible for purchasing and configuring the appropriate hardware and the system can often be set up in a matter of days. A Kana Online representative works with the e-business to ensure that the system is configured to meet its specific needs. O EASY MIGRATION. Because we offer both a hosted and licensed version of our software, e-businesses can start by using our hosted applications and convert to a premise license without disruption of their service or additional training for system users. SERVICES PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. Our professional services group consists of consulting services, customer advocacy, technical support and education services. CONSULTING SERVICES. Our consulting services group provides a wide range of business and technical expertise to support our customers and partners during the implementation of solutions. This group brings deep functional and industry knowledge to the market as well as the technical capabilities to deliver premium consulting services for our customers and partners. CUSTOMER ADVOCACY. Our customer advocacy group ensures ongoing customer satisfaction with our solution. This includes providing experienced account planning to develop a long-term relationship and ensure business needs 9 are being met as our customers evolve and grow. The group develops a satisfaction plan with our customers to ensure the successful delivery of services and resources. TECHNICAL SUPPORT. Our technical support group provides global support for our customers through a number of channels, including phone and e-mail, as well as access to the Kana Support Website. EDUCATION SERVICES. Our education services group delivers a full set of training programs for our customers and partners, including a comprehensive set of learning tracks for end users, business consultants, and developers through instructor-led, Web-based, and onsite delivery. The group also provides up-to-date information to our customers and partners through monthly newsletters, Web site FAQ's, and regional user groups. TECHNOLOGY Our software incorporates industry standards, such as Java, HTML, XML, and the J2EE framework, in order to facilitate customization and to enable efficient development cycles. Our software offers both Web and Windows-based interfaces and relies on commercial application servers and database platforms to provide scalability and redundancy. OPEN, STANDARDS-BASED ARCHITECTURE. The architecture of our software is "open" because it relies upon industry standards that facilitate integration with customers' e-business and legacy databases and systems and the development of applications on our platform. These industry standards include: o Java; o JDBC (Java DataBase Connectivity); o Standard relational databases from Oracle, Microsoft, and IBM; o JSP (Java Server Pages); o The J2EE framework; and o XML, for presentation layers, metadata, and integration. The use of industry standards also permits our platform to be readily customized to users' preferences. SCALEABLE WEB-BASED ARCHITECTURE. Our software relies on a scaleable Web-based architecture. This architecture separates the different system components into logical layers, supports multiple hardware and software platforms, supports browser-based interfaces and enables the system to run on multiple hardware platforms simultaneously in order to enhance scaleability. The tiers are the presentation, user interface, workflow, business object, mail delivery, tracking and data layers. ADVANCED MESSAGE CLASSIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES. We have focused our research and development of advanced message classification technologies on Bayesian Network technology. Bayesian Network technology is a classification technology approach that combines machine learning with human expertise to infer conclusions about new data. Using machine learning, the system automatically builds a classification model from existing customer messages, thereby reducing the cost and time of installation and maintenance and allowing the system to improve as new issues arise. With human expertise, the system enables managers to add their knowledge selectively to the system in order to improve accuracy and adjust the model to anticipate new issues or react to them in real time. Bayesian Network technology underlies Kana Classify, which categorizes customer messages and drives system automation. EASE OF PLATFORM UPGRADE. Our software may be readily upgraded to new versions of our system. New versions of the software, when installed, are designed to recognize the historical data and configurations from the previous version of the system and automatically convert them to the new data format. This enables an e-business to upgrade our software without any programming or advanced technical capability. SALES AND MARKETING SALES. Our sales strategy is to pursue targeted accounts through a combination of our direct sales force and our strategic alliances. To date, we have targeted our sales efforts at the e-business divisions of Global 2000 companies 10 and at rapidly growing Internet companies. We maintain direct sales personnel domestically in Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington and Washington D.C., and internationally in the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and Japan. The direct sales force is organized into regional teams, which include both sales representatives and systems engineers. As of June 30, 2000, we employed in our sales force 70 persons in our offices outside of North America. Our office in the United Kingdom is primarily responsible for sales in Europe generally, and our office in Australia is primarily responsible for sales in Australia and Asia. Sales managers currently based in the United States handle other international sales and report to our Vice President, International. Our direct sales force is complemented by telemarketing representatives based at our headquarters in Redwood City, California and Manchester, New Hampshire. We complement our direct sales force with a series of reseller and sales alliances, such as those with Andersen Consulting, Convergys Corporation., Davox, KPMG Consulting, IBM and Siemens. Through these alliances we are able to leverage additional sales, marketing and deployment capabilities. In the future, we intend to expand our distribution capabilities by increasing the size of our direct sales force, establishing additional sales offices both domestically and internationally and broadening our alliance activities. See "Business--Strategic Relationships." MARKETING. Our marketing programs are targeted at e-businesses and are currently focused on educating our target market, generating new sales opportunities and creating awareness for our e-business customer communications software. We conduct marketing programs worldwide to educate our target market. In addition, we engage in a variety of marketing activities, including: o conducting seminars; o hosting regular customer events; o participating in industry and technology-related conferences and trade shows; o establishing and maintaining close relationships with recognized industry analysts; o conducting electronic and traditional direct mailings and ongoing public relations campaigns; o managing and maintaining our Web site; o conducting market research; o organizing and implementing electronic and traditional direct marketing; and o creating and placing advertisements. Our marketing organization also serves an integral role in acquiring, organizing and prioritizing industry and customer feedback in order to help provide product direction to our development organizations. We have a detailed product management process that surveys customer and market needs to predict and prioritize future customer requirements, and a product marketing team dedicated to delivering product positioning and messaging. We also focus on developing a range of joint marketing strategies and programs in order to leverage our existing strategic relationships and resources. These alliances provide collaborative resources to help extend the reach of our presence in the marketplace. We intend to continue to pursue these alliances in the future. STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS We have three types of strategic relationships: service relationships, technology relationships, and reseller and strategic sales relationships, all designed to expand our market coverage. These relationships are formal or informal agreements with third parties. We view these relationships as critical to our success in providing enterprise-wide integrated e-business products and services. Recently introduced, the Kana Alliance Program was developed to meet the increasing demand by companies to partner with us. The program provides partners with the tools, information and marketing benefits through which they can develop, promote and sell our products and services. Companies participate in the program at different levels based on their market presence and on mutual commitments to establishing successful relationships. 11 SERVICE RELATIONSHIPS. We collaborate with systems integrators such as Andersen Consulting, CSC Consulting and KPMG Consulting. With the implementation of our Alliance Program, formal agreements are put into place for these relationships. These systems integrators are highly trained in our software and provide integration and implementation services to mutual customers. TECHNOLOGY RELATIONSHIPS. We have established relationships with technology partners across a variety of solution areas, including sales force automation, analytics, content management, telephony systems and IT hardware, that allow us to provide comprehensive solutions to e-businesses. These technology relationships are typically formalized in a written agreement and are focused on technology initiatives and marketing. The agreements are annually renewable, but generally may be terminated at any time by either party and do not contain penalties for nonperformance. RESELLER AND STRATEGIC SALES RELATIONSHIPS. We complement our direct sales force with reseller and strategic sales relationships with companies in targeted geographies and industries. Our agreements with these companies are typically in the form of value-added reseller agreements. In the future, we intend to establish additional strategic relationships to further broaden our product offerings and enhance our distribution channels. Many of the companies with which we have initiated relationships also work with competing software companies, and the success of the relationship will depend on their willingness and ability to devote sufficient resources and efforts to our products and services. Our arrangements with these parties typically are in the form of non-exclusive agreements that may be terminated by either party without cause or penalty and with limited notice. Therefore, we can provide no guarantee that any of these parties will continue their relationship with us. 12 CUSTOMERS Our customers range from Global 2000 companies pursuing an e-business strategy to rapidly growing Internet companies. As of June 30, 2000, we have licensed our solution to more than 600 customers in a variety of industries worldwide. The following is a list of customers that we believe are representative of our overall customer base: INTERNET SERVICES FINANCIAL TRAVEL CityIndex Ameritrade American Airlines ebay BankAmerica Canadian Airlines eFax.com CBOE Mapquest.com Excite@Home ChannelPoint Royal Carribean GoTo.com Datek Skanadish Railroads Homeshare DimeSavingsBank Travel Company iVendor DowJones iVillage eCloser OTHER JFAX.com E*Trade Coleman Lycos FinancialEngines Estee Lauder priceline.com WitCapital Esteel TheMotleyFool Ford Motor Company TheStreet.com FuelSpot General Motors E-TAILING COMMUNICATIONS Hewlett-Packard barnesandnoble.com Ameritech Microsoft CDNOW AT&T S&H Greenpoints Cendant BellSouth Shell International Dan'sChocolates Convergys The Gap Drugstore.com Davox Utility.com etoys NTL Williams-Sonoma Furniture.com Sprint PCS InsWeb Sprynet(Mindspring) OfficeDepot StreamInternational Priceline PrintConnect Tickets.com No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues for 1999. Although a substantial portion of our license and service revenues in any given quarter has been, and is expected to continue to be, generated from a limited number of customers with large financial commitment contracts, we do not depend on any ongoing commitments from our large customers. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT We believe that strong product development capabilities are essential to our strategy of enhancing our core technology, developing additional applications incorporating that technology and maintaining the competitiveness of our product and service offerings. We have invested significant time and resources in creating a structured process for undertaking all product development. This process involves several functional groups at all levels within our organization and is designed to provide a framework for defining and addressing the activities required to bring product concepts and development projects to market successfully. In addition, we have recruited key engineers and software developers with experience in the customer communications and internetworking markets and have complemented these individuals by hiring senior management with experience in enterprise application development, sales and deployment. As of June 30, 2000, 295 of our employees were engaged in research and development activities. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to enhance our existing customer interactions solutions and to develop new services, functionality and technology that address the increasingly sophisticated and varied needs of our prospective customers. Delays in bringing to market new products or their enhancements, or the existence of defects in new 13 products or enhancements, could be exploited by our competitors. If we were to lose market share as a result of lapses in our product management, our business would suffer. COMPETITION The market for our products and services is intensely competitive, evolving and subject to rapid technological change. We expect the intensity of competition to increase in the future. We currently face competition for our products from systems designed by in-house and third-party development efforts. We expect that these systems will continue to be a principal source of competition for the foreseeable future. Our competitors include a number of companies offering one or more products for the e-business communications and relationship management market, some of which compete directly with our products. For example, our competitors include companies providing stand-alone point solutions, including Annuncio, Inc., AskJeeves, Inc., Brightware, Inc., Broadbase, Inc., Digital Impact, Inc., eGain Communications Corp., E.piphany Inc., Inference Corp., Marketfirst, Inc., Live Person, Inc., Mustang Software, Inc., Responsys.com and Servicesoft, Inc. In addition, we compete with companies providing traditional, client-server based customer management and communications solutions, such as Clarify Inc. (which was recently acquired by Northern Telecom), Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. (which was recently acquired by Alcatel), Cisco Systems, Inc., Lucent Technologies, Inc., Message Media, Inc., Oracle Corporation, Pivotal Corporation, Siebel Systems, Inc. and Vantive Corporation (which was recently acquired by PeopleSoft, Inc.). Furthermore, we may face increased competition should we expand our product line, through acquisition of complementary businesses or otherwise. We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting our market include a significant base of referenceable customers, the breadth and depth of a given solution, product quality and performance, customer service, core technology, product scaleability and reliability, product features, the ability to implement solutions and the value of a given solution. Although we believe that our solution currently competes favorably with respect to these factors, our market is relatively new and is evolving rapidly. We may not be able to maintain our competitive position against current and potential competitors, especially those with significantly greater financial, marketing, service, support, technical and other resources. Many of our competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources, significantly greater name recognition and a larger installed base of customers than do we. In addition, many of our competitors have well-established relationships with our current and potential customers and have extensive knowledge of our industry. It is possible that new competitors or alliances among competitors may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share. We also expect that competition will increase as a result of industry consolidations. See "Risk Factors--We face substantial competition and may not be able to compete effectively." INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY We rely upon a combination of patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark laws to protect our intellectual property. We currently have nine U.S. patent applications pending. These patents, if allowed, will cover a material portion of our products and services. We have also filed international patent applications corresponding to four of our U.S. applications. In addition, we have one U.S. trademark registration and seven pending U.S. trademark registrations as well as pending trademark registrations in Australia, Canada, the European Union, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Although we rely on patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark law to protect our technology, we believe that factors such as the technological and creative skills of our personnel, new product developments, frequent product enhancements and reliable product maintenance are more essential to establishing and maintaining a technology leadership position. We can give no assurance that others will not develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technology. We generally enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants and alliance partners, and generally control access to and distribution of our software, documentation and other proprietary information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology or to develop products with the same functionality as our products. Policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken 14 will prevent misappropriation of our technology, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States. In addition, some of our license agreements require us to place the source code for our products into escrow. These agreements generally provide that some parties will have a limited, non-exclusive right to use this code if: o there is a bankruptcy proceeding instituted by or against us; o we cease to do business without a successor; or o we discontinue providing maintenance and support. Substantial litigation regarding intellectual property rights exists in the software industry. Our software products may be increasingly subject to third-party infringement claims as the number of competitors in our industry segment grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps. Some of our competitors in the market for customer communications software may have filed or may intend to file patent applications covering aspects of their technology that they may claim our technology infringes. Some of these competitors may make a claim of infringement against us with respect to our products and technology. See "Risk Factors--We may become involved in litigation over proprietary rights, which could be costly and time consuming, and Genesys Telecommunication Laboratories, Inc., has filed an infringement suit against us." EMPLOYEES As of June 30, 2000, we had 889 full-time employees, 214 of whom were in our professional services group, 287 in sales and marketing, 295 in research and development, and 93 in finance, administration and operations. We have added 791 employees between June 30, 1999 and June 30, 2000. Our future performance depends in significant part upon the continued service of our key technical, sales and marketing, and senior management personnel, none of whom is bound by an employment agreement requiring service for any defined period of time. The loss of the services of one or more of our key employees could harm our business. Our future success also depends on our continuing ability to attract, train and retain highly qualified technical, sales and managerial personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense, particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area where we are headquartered. Due to the limited number of people available with the necessary technical skills and understanding of the Internet, we can give no assurance that we can retain or attract key personnel in the future. None of our employees is represented by a labor union. We have not experienced any work stoppages and consider our relations with our employees to be good. See "Risk Factors--We may be unable to hire and retain the skilled personnel necessary to develop our engineering, professional services and support capabilities in order to continue to grow" and "--We may face difficulties in hiring and retaining qualified sales personnel to sell our products and services, which could harm our ability to increase our revenues in the future." ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our corporate offices are located in Redwood City, California, where we lease approximately 60,861 square feet under a lease that expires in October 2006. As of December 31, 1999, the annual base rent for this facility was approximately $1.9 million. Also, we lease approximately 88,094 square feet of space in two office buildings in Manchester, New Hampshire. The lease expires in April 2005, and we have an option to extend the lease for two additional five-year terms. In addition, we lease facilities and offices in several cities throughout the United States, including New York, New York, Westport, Connecticut, Chicago, llinois and Richardson, Texas, and internationally in the United Kingdom, Germany and Australia. The terms of these leases expire beginning in August 2000, and automatically renew unless earlier terminated. On February 11, 2000, we entered into an agreement to lease approximately 62,500 additional square feet in Redwood City, California under a lease that expires in December 2010. The annual base rent for this facility for the first year is approximately $2.4 million. We believe that our corporate office space in Redwood City and the other facilities we currently lease will be sufficient to meet our needs through at least the next 12 months. 15 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS On October 8, 1999, Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Genesys has amended its complaint to allege that our Customer Messaging System 3.0 infringes one or more claims of two Genesys patents. Genesys is seeking relief in the forms of an injunction, damages, punitive damages, attorneys' fees, costs and pre- and post-judgment interest. The litigation is currently in its early stages and we have not received material information or documentation. We intend to fight this claim vigorously and do not expect it to impact our results from operations. We are not currently a party to any other material legal proceedings. See "Risk Factors--We may become involved in litigation over proprietary rights, which could be costly and time consuming, and Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. has filed an infringement suit against us." ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS Not applicable. 16 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS (A) MARKET INFORMATION AND RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the Symbol "KANA". The following table sets forth the range of high and low closing sales prices for each period indicated, adjusted for the two-for-three reverse stock split effective September 1999 and the two for one forward stock split effective February 2000: HIGH LOW --------- --------- YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999: Fourth quarter......................................................................... $ 122.50 $ 24.03 Third quarter (from September 22, 1999)................................................ $ 26.13 $ 22.78 The reported last sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market on August 18, 2000 was $40.50. The approximate number of holders of record of the shares of our common stock was 601 as of such date. This number does not include stockholders whose shares are held in trust by other entities. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of holders of record. We estimate that the beneficial stockholders of the shares of Kana common stock as of August 18, 2000 was approximately 97,000. We have authorized common stock, $.001 par value and Preferred Stock, $.001 par value. We have not issued any Preferred Stock. We have not paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain our earnings to fund the development and growth of our business and, therefore, do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, our existing credit facilities prohibit the payment of cash or stock dividends on our capital stock without the lender's prior written consent. See Item 7--"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources." We made the following unregistered sales of our common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 1999: NAME OF PERSONS OF CLASS AMOUNT OF UNDERWRITER OR OF PERSONS TO TRANSACTION SECURITIES PLACEMENT CONSIDERATION WHOM SECURITIES EXEMPTION FROM DATE SOLD AGENT RECEIVED WERE SOLD REGISTRATION CLAIMED - ---------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------- ---------------- ------------------------------ 12/3/99 1,120,286 None (1) Stockholders Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended 12/3/99 1,890,200 None (2) Stockholders Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended - -------------- (1) Pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated as of December 3, 1999, by and among Kana Communications, Inc., Kong Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kana Communications, Inc., and netDialog, Inc., on December 3, 1999 (the effective date of the acquisition), all outstanding shares of netDialog capital stock were converted into 1,120,286 shares of Kana common stock. (2) Pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated as of December 3, 1999, by and among Kana Communications, Inc., King Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kana Communications, Inc., and Business Evolution, Inc., on December 3, 1999 (the effective date of the acquisition), all outstanding shares of Business Evolution capital stock were converted into 1,890,200 shares of Kana common stock. (B) REPORT OF OFFERING SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS THERE FROM: On September 21, 1999, we consummated our initial public offering of common stock, $0.001 par value. The managing underwriters in the offering were Goldman Sach & Co, Hambrecht & Quist LLC and Wit Capital Corporation. The shares of common stock sold in the offering were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on a registration statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 333-82587) that was declared effective by the SEC on 17 September 21, 1999. All 7,590,000 shares of common stock registered under the registration statement, including shares covered by an over-allotment option that was exercised, were sold at a price to the public of $7.50 per share. The aggregate offering amount registered was $56,925,000. In connection with the offering, we paid an aggregate of $3,985,000 in underwriting discounts to the underwriters. In addition, the following table sets forth an approximation of all expenses incurred in connection with the offering, other than underwriting discounts. All amounts shown are approximations except for the registration fees of the SEC and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. SEC Registration Fee.............................................................................. $ 28,130 NASD Filing Fee................................................................................... 5,500 Nasdaq National Market Listing Fee................................................................ 91,000 Printing and Engraving Expenses................................................................... 440,000 Legal Fees and Expenses........................................................................... 700,000 Accounting Fees and Expenses...................................................................... 360,000 Blue Sky Fees and Expenses........................................................................ 15,000 Transfer Agent Fees............................................................................... 30,000 Miscellaneous..................................................................................... 276,370 ------------ Total Expenses:................................................................................... $ 1,946,000 ============ All of such expenses were direct or indirect payments to others. The net offering proceeds to us after deducting the total expenses above were approximately $51,066,000. From September 21, 1999 to December 31, 1999, we used such net offering proceeds from our initial public offering of common stock to invest in short-term, interest bearing, investment grade securities and used proceeds for working capital and other corporate purposes. This use of proceeds does not represent a material change in the use of proceeds described in the prospectus of the registration statement. We used its existing cash balances to fund Kana's general operations. We currently estimate that we will use the remaining net proceeds as follows: 45% for marketing and distribution activities; 20% for various product development initiatives; 10% for capital expenditures; and 25% for working capital and other general corporate purposes. 18 ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements of Kana Communications, Inc. and the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. The consolidated statement of operations data for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1999, and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 1998 and 1999 are derived from our consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements have been audited by KPMG LLP, independent auditors, and are included elsewhere in this annual report. The diluted net loss per share computation excludes potential shares of common stock (preferred stock, options to purchase common stock and common stock subject to repurchase rights held by Kana), since their effect would be antidilutive. See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed explanation of the determination of the shares used to compute actual basic and diluted net loss per share. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, ----------------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 ------------ ----------- --------- (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: Revenues: License................................................................. $ 10,536 $ 2,014 -- Service................................................................. 3,528 333 617 ------------ ----------- --------- Total revenues........................................................ 14,064 2,347 617 ------------ ----------- --------- Cost of revenues: License................................................................. 271 54 Service................................................................. 6,610 666 253 ------------ ----------- --------- Total cost of revenues..................................................... 6,881 720 253 ------------ ----------- --------- Gross profit............................................................... 7,183 1,627 364 Operating expenses: Sales and marketing..................................................... 21,199 5,504 512 Research and development................................................ 12,854 5,669 971 General and administrative.............................................. 5,018 1,826 378 Amortization of stock-based compensation................................ 80,476 1,456 113 Acquisition related costs............................................... 5,635 -- -- ------------ ----------- --------- Total operating expenses.............................................. 125,182 14,455 1,974 ------------ ----------- --------- Operating loss............................................................. (117,999) (12,828) (1,610) Other income (expense), net................................................ (744) 227 57 ------------ ----------- --------- Net loss.............................................................. $ (118,743) $ (12,601) $ (1,553) ============ =========== ========= Basic and diluted net loss per share....................................... $ (4.61) $ (2.01) $ (0.37) ============ =========== ========= Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share amounts...... 25,772 6,258 4,152 ============ =========== ========= DECEMBER 31, ----------------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 ------------ ----------- --------- (IN THOUSANDS) CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA: Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.......................... $ 53,217 $ 14,035 $ 5,594 Working capital............................................................ 38,591 11,833 5,364 Total assets............................................................... 70,229 16,876 6,158 Notes payable, less current portion........................................ 412 726 51 Total stockholders' equity................................................. $ 48,500 $ 12,951 $ 5,684 19 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION OF THE FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF KANA CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. OUR ACTUAL RESULTS AND TIMING OF CERTAIN EVENTS COULD DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE ANTICIPATED IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF CERTAIN FACTORS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THOSE SET FORTH UNDER "RISK FACTORS", ELSEWHERE IN THIS REPORT AND IN OUR OTHER PUBLIC FILINGS. OVERVIEW We were incorporated in July 1996 in California and were reincorporated in Delaware in September 1999. We had no significant operations until 1997. Through January 1998, we were a development stage enterprise and had no revenues. Our operating activities during this period related primarily to conducting research, developing our initial products, raising capital and building our sales and marketing organization. In February 1998, we released the first commercially available version of the Kana platform. To date, we have derived substantially all of our revenues from licensing our software and related services, and we have sold our products worldwide primarily through our direct sales force. On August 13, 1999, we completed a merger with Connectify, Inc. pursuant to which Connectify became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Connectify develops, markets and supports electronic direct marketing software for e-businesses. Connectify's software enables e-businesses to profile and target potential and existing customers and then deliver and track personalized e-mails to their customers. By using electronic direct marketing software in this way, e-businesses can build customer loyalty, increase the probability of repeat transactions and reduce customer attrition. Connectify was based in San Mateo, California, and had 31 employees as of the merger. In connection with the merger, we issued approximately 6,982,542 shares of our common stock in exchange for all outstanding shares of Connectify capital stock and reserved 416,690 shares of common stock for issuance upon the exercise of Connectify options and warrants we assumed in connection with the merger. The merger was accounted for as a pooling of interests. On December 3, 1999, we completed a merger with Business Evolution, Inc. pursuant to which Business Evolution became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Business Evolution is a leading provider of customer assistance support software that helps companies prioritize customer queries by urgency, and send responses through delayed or realtime channels. Business Evolution's offerings, now called Kana I-Mail and Kana Voice, let e-businesses engage their customers in a live two-way dialog while they are browsing a Web site, helping them to conduct more business and increase customer loyalty. Business Evolution was based in Princeton, New Jersey, and had 66 employees as of the merger. In connection with the acquisition of Business Evolution, 1,890,200 shares of our common stock were issued for all outstanding shares and warrants of Business Evolution. This transaction was accounted for as a pooling of interests. On December 3, 1999, we completed a merger with netDialog, Inc. pursuant to which netDialog became our wholly-owned subsidiary. netDialog provides context-sensitive, self-service customer service software. netDialog's online self-service solution, now called Kana Assist, turns e-business Web sites into knowledge bases by delivering predictive and proactive answers to customer questions directly on the Web site. In addition to building customer loyalty by enabling e-business customers to conveniently and quickly obtain answers to their questions, it also allows e-businesses to reduce customer support costs by helping customers directly on the Web site without the intervention of a customer service representative. netDialog was based in San Mateo, California, and had 45 employees as of the merger. In connection with the acquisition of netDialog, 1,120,286 shares of our common stock were issued for all outstanding shares, warrants and convertible notes of netDialog. This transaction was accounted for as a pooling of interests. We derive our revenues from the sale of software product licenses and from professional services including implementation, consulting, hosting and maintenance. License revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an 20 agreement exists, the product has been delivered, the arrangement does not involve significant customization of the software, acceptance has occurred, the license fee is fixed and determinable and collection of the fee is probable. Service revenue includes revenues from maintenance contracts, implementation, consulting and hosting services. Revenue from maintenance contracts is recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Revenue from implementation, consulting and hosting services is recognized as the services are provided. Revenue under arrangements where multiple products or services are sold together is allocated to each element based on its relative fair value. Our cost of license revenue includes royalties due to third parties for technology integrated into some of our products, the cost of product documentation, the cost of the media used to deliver our products and shipping costs. Cost of service revenue consists primarily of personnel-related expenses, travel costs, equipment costs and overhead associated with delivering professional services to our customers. Our operating expenses are classified into three general categories: sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative. We classify all charges to these operating expense categories based on the nature of the expenditures. Although each category includes expenses that are unique to the category, some expenditures, such as compensation, employee benefits, recruiting costs, equipment costs, travel and entertainment costs, facilities costs and third-party professional services fees, occur in each of these categories. We allocate the total costs for information services and facilities to each functional area that uses the information services and facilities based on its relative headcount. These allocated costs include rent and other facility-related costs, communication charges and depreciation expense for furniture and equipment. In connection with the granting of stock options to our employees, we recorded deferred stock-based compensation totaling approximately $97.0 million through December 31, 1999. This amount represents the total difference between the exercise prices of stock options and the deemed fair value of the underlying common stock for accounting purposes on the date these stock options were granted. This amount is included as a component of stockholders' equity and is being amortized on an accelerated basis by charges to operations over the vesting period of the options, consistent with the method described in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 28. Kana recorded approximately $93.2 million of deferred stock-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 1999, approximately $3.0 million of deferred stock- based compensation for the year ended December 31, 1998, and approximately $890,000 of deferred stock-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 1997. The amortization of deferred stock-based compensation is classified as a separate component of operating expenses in Kana's consolidated statements of operations. Since the beginning of 1997, we have incurred substantial costs to develop our products and to recruit, train and compensate personnel for our engineering, sales, marketing, client services and administration departments. As a result, we incurred substantial losses since inception and, for the year ended December 31, 1999, incurred a net loss of $118.7 million. As of December 31, 1999, we had an accumulated deficit of $132.6 million. We believe our future success is contingent upon providing superior customer service, increasing our customer base and developing our products. We intend to invest heavily in sales, marketing, research and development, client services and infrastructure to support these activities. We therefore expect to continue to incur substantial operating losses for the foreseeable future. We believe that our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently experienced by companies in early stages of development, particularly companies in new and rapidly evolving markets like ours. Although we have experienced significant revenue growth recently, this trend may not continue. Furthermore, we may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. RECENT DEVELOPMENT On June 12, 2000, we sold 2,500,000 shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of $125.0 million (net proceeds of approximately $120.0 million) in a private placement transaction with entities affiliated with Putnam Investment Management, Inc. and The Putnam Advisory Company, Inc., entities affiliated with The Galleon Group, DWS Investments and Metzler Investments. On June 28, 2000, we registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission our common stock for resale by these selling stockholders. 21 On April 19, 2000, we completed a merger with Silknet Software, Inc. under which Silknet became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Silknet provides electronic relationship management software, or eRM software, that allows companies to offer marketing, sales, e-commerce and support services through a single Web site interface personalized for individual customers. Silknet's products enable a company to deliver these services to its customers over the Web through customer self-service, assisted service or immediate, direct collaboration among that company and its customers, partners, employees and suppliers. These users can choose from a variety of communications media, such as the Web, e-mail and the telephone, to do business with that company. Silknet's software can capture and consolidate data derived from all of these sources and distribute it throughout a company and to its partners to provide a single view of the customer's interaction with that company. In connection with the Silknet merger, each share of Silknet common stock outstanding immediately prior to the consummation of the merger was converted into the right to receive 1.66 shares of our common stock and we assumed Silknet's outstanding stock options and warrants based on the exchange ratio, issuing approximately 29.2 million shares of our common stock and reserving 4.0 million shares of common stock for issuance upon the exercise of Silknet options and warrants we assumed in connection with the merger. The transaction was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. In connection with the merger, we have recorded goodwill and intangible assets of approximately $3.8 billion, which will be amortized over a period of three years. This report relates to Kana's financial and operating condition for the year ended December 31, 1999. For further information about the Silknet merger and other more recent developments, please see our Registration Statements on Forms S-4 and S-1, quarterly reports on 10-Q and other reports filed with the SEC. 22 QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following tables set forth a summary of our unaudited quarterly operating results for each of the eight quarters in the period ended December 31, 1999. The information has been derived from Kana's unaudited consolidated financial statements that, in management's opinion, have been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this annual report and include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of such information when read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. QUARTER ENDED ------------------- JUNE SEPT. MAR. 31, JUNE 30, SEPT. 30, DEC. 31, MARCH 30, 30, DEC. 31, 1999 1999 1999 1999 31, 1998 1998 1998 1998 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- (IN THOUSANDS) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: Revenues: License....................... $ 1,209 $ 1,821 $ 2,781 $ 4,725 $ 161 $ 464 $ 600 $ 788 Service....................... 280 517 998 1,733 25 89 139 80 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Total revenues............ 1,489 2,338 3,779 6,458 186 553 739 868 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Cost of revenues: License....................... 34 38 52 147 4 12 17 21 Service....................... 498 851 2,191 3,070 36 63 225 342 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Total cost of revenues.... 532 889 2,243 3,217 40 75 242 363 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Gross profit..................... 957 1,449 1,536 3,241 146 478 497 505 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Operating expenses: Sales and marketing........... 2,479 4,180 5,482 9,058 586 1,218 1,723 1,977 Research and development...... 2,329 2,732 3,384 4,409 918 1,023 1,787 1,941 General and administrative.... 725 1,086 1,402 1,805 255 443 529 599 Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation.... 520 2,734 3,377 73,845 200 277 405 575 Acquisition related costs..... -- -- 910 4,725 -- -- -- -- -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Total operating expenses.. 6,053 10,732 14,555 93,842 1,959 2,961 4,444 5,092 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Operating loss................... (5,096) (9,283) (13,019) (90,601) (1,813) (2,483) (3,947) (4,587) Other income, net................ (125) (394) (231) 6 43 24 51 109 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Net loss......................... $(5,221) $(9,677) $ (13,250) $(90,595) $(1,770) $(2,459) $(3,896) $(4,478) ======== ======== ========== ========= ======== ======= ======== ======== AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL REVENUES: Revenues: License....................... 81.2% 77.9% 73.6% 73.2% 86.6% 83.9% 81.2% 90.8% Service....................... 18.8 22.1 26.4 26.8 13.4 16.1 18.8 9.2 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Total revenues............ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Cost of revenues: License....................... 2.3 1.6 1.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 Service....................... 33.4 36.4 58.0 47.5 19.4 11.4 30.4 39.4 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Total cost of revenues.... 35.7 38.0 59.4 49.8 21.5 13.6 32.7 41.8 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Gross profit..................... 64.3 62.0 40.6 50.2 78.5 86.4 67.3 58.2 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Operating expenses: Sales and marketing........... 166.5 178.8 145.1 140.3 315.1 220.3 233.2 227.8 Research and development...... 156.4 116.9 89.5 68.3 493.5 185.0 241.8 223.6 General and administrative.... 48.7 46.4 37.1 27.9 137.1 80.1 71.6 69.0 Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation.... 34.9 116.9 89.4 1,143.45 107.5 50.1 54.8 66.2 Acquisition related costs..... -- -- 24.1 73.2 -- -- -- -- -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Total operating expenses.. 406.5 459.0 385.2 1,453.1 1,053.2 535.4 601.4 586.6 Operating loss................... (342.2) (397.0) (344.5) (1,402.9) (974.7) (449.0) (564.1) (528.5) Other income, net................ (8.4) (16.9) (6.1) 0.1 23.1 4.3 6.9 12.6 -------- -------- ---------- --------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Net loss.................. (350.6)% (413.9)% (350.6)% (1,402.8)% (951.6)% (444.7)% (527.2)% (515.9)% ======== ======== ========== ========= ======== ======= ======== ======== The amount and timing of Kana's operating expenses generally will vary from quarter to quarter depending on Kana's level of actual and anticipated business activities. Kana's revenues and operating results are difficult to forecast and will fluctuate, and Kana believes that period-to-period comparisons of Kana's operating results will not necessarily be meaningful. As a result, you should not rely upon them as an indication of future performance. 23 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following table sets forth the results of operations for the periods presented expressed as a percentage of total revenues. YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, ----------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 --------- -------- ------- Revenues: License.................................... 74.9% 85.8% --% Service.................................... 25.1 14.2 100.0 --------- -------- ------- Total revenues........................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 --------- -------- ------- Cost of revenues: License...................................... 1.9 2.3 -- Service...................................... 47.0 28.4 41.0 --------- -------- ------- Total cost of revenues................... 48.9 30.7 41.0 --------- -------- ------- Gross profit.................................... 51.1 69.3 59.0 Operating expenses: Sales and marketing.......................... 150.7 234.5 83.0 Research and development..................... 91.4 241.6 157.4 General and administrative................... 35.7 77.8 61.3 Amortization of stock-based compensation..... 572.2 62.0 18.3 Acquisition related costs.................... 40.1 -- -- --------- -------- ------- Total operating expenses................. 890.1 615.9 320.0 --------- -------- ------- Operating loss.................................. (839.0) (546.6) 261.0 --------- -------- ------- Other income, (expense) net..................... (5.3) 9.7 9.2 --------- -------- ------- Net loss................................. (844.3)% (536.9)% (251.8)% ========= ======== ======= OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 REVENUES Total revenues increased by 500% to $14.1 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 from $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 1998, primarily as a result of increased license revenue. License revenues increased by 423% to $10.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 from $2.0 million for 1998. This increase in license revenue was due primarily to increased market acceptance of our products, expansion of our product line and increased sales generated by our expanded sales force. Total headcount in our sales department increased to 93 people at December 31, 1999 from 20 people at December 31, 1998. License revenue represented 75% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 1999 and 86% of total revenues for 1998. Service revenues increased by 960% to $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 from $333,000 for 1998. Service revenue increased primarily due to increased licensing activity, resulting in increased revenue from maintenance contracts, customer implementations and hosted service. Service revenue represented 25% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 1999 and 14% of total revenues for 1998. Total revenues increased by 280% to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 1998 from $617,000 for 1997, primarily because we began recognizing license revenues in February 1998. License revenue represented 86% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 1998. No license revenues were recognized in 1997. License revenue resulted from introduction of our product line and growing market acceptance of our software products. Service revenues decreased by 46% to $333,000 for the year ended December 31, 1998 from $617,000 for 1997. This decrease in service revenues was due primarily to the completion of a special consulting project. Service revenue represented 14% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 1998 and 100% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 1997. Revenues from international sales for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 were less than 10% of total revenues. 24 COST OF REVENUES Total cost of revenues increased by 856% to $6.9 million in 1999 from $720,000 in 1998, primarily due to increased cost of service revenues. Cost of license revenues increased by 402% to $271,000 in 1999 from $54,000 in 1998, associated with increased license revenues. As a percentage of license revenues, cost of license revenues was 3% in 1999 and 1998. Cost of license revenues includes third party software royalties, product packaging, documentation, production and delivery costs for shipments to customers. Cost of service revenues consists primarily of personnel, facilities and system costs incurred in providing customer support and with building our customer service organization. Cost of service revenues increased by 893% to $6.6 million in 1999 from $666,000 in 1998. The growth in cost of service revenues was attributable primarily to an increase in personnel dedicated to support our growing number of customers and related recruiting and travel expenses as well as facility expenses and system costs. As a percentage of service revenues, cost of service revenues was 187% in 1999 and 200% in 1998. Total cost of revenues increased by 185% to $720,000 in 1998 from $253,000 in 1997, primarily due to increased cost of service revenues. Cost of license revenues increased to $54,000 in 1998 from none in 1997. The increase in the cost of license revenue was due primarily to royalties, product documentation costs and delivery costs for shipments to customers. As a percentage of license revenues, cost of license revenues was 3% in 1998 and none in 1997. Cost of service revenues increased by 163% to $666,000 for the year ended December 31, 1998 from $253,000 in 1997. The growth in cost of service revenues was attributable primarily to an increase in personnel dedicated to support our growing number of customers and related facility expenses and system costs. We further expect our cost of service expenses to increase due to its recent mergers and anticipated growth. As a percent of service revenues, cost of service revenues was 200% in 1998 and 41% in 1997. We anticipate that the cost of license revenue will increase in absolute dollars as our licenses additional technologies, although cost of license revenue will vary as a percentage of license revenue from period to period. We anticipate that cost of service revenue will increase in absolute dollars. OPERATING EXPENSES SALES AND MARKETING. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for sales and marketing personnel and promotional expenditures, including public relations, advertising, trade shows, and marketing collateral materials. Sales and marketing expenses increased by 285% to $21.2 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 from $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1998. This increase was attributable primarily to the addition of sales and marketing personnel, an increase in sales commissions associated with increased revenues and higher marketing costs due to expanded promotional activities including advertising and trade show participation. As a percentage of total revenues, sales and marketing expenses were 151% for the year ended December 31, 1999 and 235% for the year ended December 31, 1998. This decrease in sales and marketing expense as a percent of total revenues was due primarily to the increase in total revenues over the period. We expect to continue to increase our marketing and promotional efforts and hire additional sales personnel. We further expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase due to our recent mergers. Accordingly, we anticipate that sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars, but will vary as a percentage of total revenues from period to period. Sales and marketing expenses were $5.5 million for the year ended December 31,1998 and $512,000 for 1997. The increase was due primarily to the addition of sales and marketing personnel, increased sales commissions related to increased total revenues and, to a lesser extent, increased marketing costs. As a percentage of total revenues, sales and marketing expenses were 235% in 1998 and 83% in 1997. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for research and development employees and contractors and enhancement of existing products and quality assurance activities. Research and development expenses increased by 127% to $12.9 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 from $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 1998. This increase was attributable primarily to the addition of personnel associated with product development and related benefits and recruiting costs and related consulting expenses. As a percentage of total revenues, research and development expenses were 91% 25 for the year ended December 31, 1999 and 242% for the year ended December 31, 1998. This decrease in research and development expense as a percent of total revenues was due primarily to the increase in total revenues over the period. We expect to continue to make substantial investments in research and development and anticipates that research and development expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars, but will vary as a percentage of total revenues from period to period. We further expect our research and development expenses to increase due to our recent mergers. Research and development expenses increased by 484% to $5.7 million for the year ended December 31,1998 from $971,000 for 1997. The increase was attributable primarily to the addition of personnel associated with product development. As a percentage of total revenues, research and development expenses were 242% in 1998 and 157% in 1997. GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for administrative personnel, legal, accounting and other general corporate expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by 175% to $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 from $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1998, due primarily to increased personnel, consultants, facilities expenses and outside services necessary to support our growth. As a percentage of total revenues, general and administrative expenses were 36% for the year ended December 31, 1999 and 78% for 1998. This decrease in general and administrative expenses as a percent of total revenues from 1999 to 1998 was due primarily to the proportionately greater increase in total revenues than general and administrative expenses over the period. We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we add personnel and incurs additional costs related to the anticipated growth of our business and operation as a public company. We further expect our general and administrative expenses to increase due to our recent mergers and anticipated growth. However, we expect that these expenses will vary as a percentage of total revenues from period to period. General and administrative expenses increased by 383% to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1998 from $378,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase was due primarily to the addition of management and financial personnel necessary to support our growth. As a percentage of total revenues, general and administrative expenses were 78% in 1998 and 61% in 1997. AMORTIZATION OF STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION In connection with the granting of stock options to its employees, we recorded stock-based compensation totaling approximately $97.0 million through December 31, 1999. This amount represents the total difference between the exercise prices of stock options and the deemed fair value of the underlying common stock for accounting purposes on the date these stock options were granted. This amount is included as a component of stockholders' equity and is being amortized on an accelerated basis by charges to operations over the vesting period of the options, consistent with the method described in FASB Interpretation No. 28. The amortization of stock-based compensation by operating expense is detailed as follows (in thousands): YEARS ENDED, DECEMBER 31, ------------------------------ 1999 1998 1997 ------------ --------- ------- Cost of service.............................. $ 19,752 $ 143 $ 13 Sales and marketing.......................... 34,000 564 52 Research and development..................... 19,864 438 31 General and administrative................... 6,860 311 17 ------------ --------- ------- Total..................................... $ 80,476 $ 1,456 $ 113 ============ ========= ======= Subsequent to the mergers with Business Evolution and netDialog, we granted options to certain employees hired from the acquired companies for an exercise price below the fair market value of the common stock. These options immediately vested on the date of grant. The difference between the market value of the underlying common stock and the exercise price of the options was recorded as compensation expense in the fourth quarter of 1999 in the amount of approximately $60.4 million. 26 ACQUISITION RELATED COSTS In connection with the merger with Connectify, we recorded a charge for merger integration costs of $1.2 million consisting primarily of transaction fees for attorneys and accountants of approximately $390,000 and employee severance benefits and facility related costs of $780,000 in 1999. As of December 31, 1999, we had $30,000 remaining in accrued merger expenses, which we expect to pay by the first quarter of 2000. In connection with the mergers with Business Evolution and netDialog, we recorded a nonrecurring charge for merger integration costs of $4.5 million, consisting primarily of transaction fees for attorneys and accountants of approximately $1.5 million, advertising and announcements of $1.7 million incurred as of December 31, 1999, charges for the elimination of duplicate facilities of approximately $840,000 and severance costs and certain other related costs of approximately $433,000. As of December 31, 1999, we had $3,118,000 remaining in accrued acquisition related costs, which we expect to pay during 2000. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Other income (expense) consists primarily of interest earned on cash and short-term investments, offset by interest expense related to warrants issued to convertible debt holders. Other income (expense) decreased by 428% to an expense of $744,000 for the year ended December 31, 1999 from income of $227,000 for 1998. The decrease in other income (expense) was due primarily to interest expense associated with warrants issued to convertible debt holders offset by increased interest income earned on higher average cash balances. Other income, net increased by 298% to $227,000 for the year ended December 31, 1998 from $57,000 for 1997. The increase was due primarily to an increase in interest income earned on higher balances of cash and short-term investments primarily from our Series C preferred stock financing in September 1998. PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES We have incurred operating losses for all periods from inception through December 31, 1999, and therefore have not recorded a provision for income taxes. We have recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of our gross deferred tax assets, as the future realization of the tax benefit is not currently likely. As of December 31, 1999, we had net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $44.0 million and $34.6 million, respectively. These federal and state loss carryforwards are available to reduce future taxable income. The federal loss carryforwards expire at various dates into the year 2019. Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, substantial changes in ownership may limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that could be utilized annually in the future to offset taxable income. NET LOSS Our net loss was $118.7 million, $12.6 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. We have experienced substantial increases in our expenditures since inception consistent with growth in our operations and personnel. In addition, stock based compensation charges have contributed to the significant increase in net loss during 1999. We anticipate that our expenditures will continue to increase in the future. Although our revenue has grown in recent quarters, we cannot be certain that it can sustain this growth or that it will generate sufficient revenue to attain profitability. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES In September 1999, we completed the initial public offering of our common stock and realized net proceeds from the offering of approximately $51.1 million. Prior to the offering, we financed our operations primarily from private sales of convertible preferred and common stock totaling $40.8 million and, to a lesser extent, from bank borrowings and lease financing. Our operating activities used $25.7 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 1999, which is primarily attributable to net losses experienced during this period excluding amortization of stock-based compensation as we invested in the development of our products, expanded our sales force and expanded our infrastructure to support our growth. Our operating activities used $10.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 1998, which is 27 primarily attributable to net losses experienced during this period, excluding amortization of stock-based compensation. Our investing activities, consisting of purchases of computer equipment, furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvements to support our growing number of employees and net purchases of short-term investments, used $44.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 1999. Our investing activities used $1.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 1998, which is primarily due to purchases of computer equipment, furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvements. Our financing activities generated $75.0 million in cash for the year ended December 31, 1999, primarily from the net proceeds of our initial public offering, net proceeds from private sales of preferred and common stock, and net proceeds from debt arrangements. Our financing activities generated $20.0 million in cash for the year ended December 31, 1998, primarily from the net proceeds from private sales of preferred stock. At December 31, 1999, we had cash and cash equivalents aggregating $18.7 million and short-term investments totaling $34.5 million. A portion of our short-term investments secure three letters of credit totalling $1,806,000, issued in connection with the lease of our corporate office and two other offices. We had a line of credit totaling $3.0 million, which is secured by all of Kana's assets, bears interest at the bank's prime rate (8.5% as of December 31, 1999), and expires in May 2000. Our total bank debt was $1.2 million at December 31, 1999. In October 1999, we issued $2.8 million of subordinated promissory notes which bear an annual interest rate of 10%. These were paid in the first quarter of 2000. Our capital requirements depend on numerous factors. We expect to devote substantial resources to continue our research and development efforts, expand our sales, support, marketing and product development organizations, establish additional facilities worldwide and build the infrastructure necessary to support our growth. We have experienced substantial increases in our expenditures since inception consistent with growth in operations and personnel, and we anticipate that our expenditures will continue to increase in the future. We believe that our current cash and projected revenues will be sufficient to meet our working capital and operating resource expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need to raise additional funds in order to fund more rapid expansion, including significant increases in personnel and office facilities; to develop new or enhance existing services or products; to respond to competitive pressures; or to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, technologies, services or products. Additional funding may not be available on favorable terms or at all. In addition, although there are no present understandings, commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisition of other businesses, products or technologies, we may, from time to time, evaluate potential acquisitions of other businesses, products and technologies. In order to consummate potential acquisitions, we may issue additional securities or need additional equity or debt financing and any financing may be dilutive to existing investors. YEAR 2000 READINESS DISCLOSURE YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE Many currently installed computer systems and software products are coded to accept or recognize only two digit entries in the date code field. These systems and software products will need to accept four digit entries to distinguish 21st century dates from 20th century dates. As a result, computer systems and/or software used by many companies and governmental agencies may need to be upgraded to comply with these Year 2000 requirements or risk system failure or miscalculations causing disruptions of normal business activities. In the fourth quarter of 1998 we initiated a Year 2000 compliance program. The program was directed by our quality assurance group. Kana's quality assurance group was charged with identifying issues of potential risk within each department and making the appropriate evaluation, modification, upgrade or replacement. Members of the quality assurance group have worked with members of each of our principal internal divisions in the course of assessing Year 2000 compliance. We have not observed any Year 2000 related problems with our business or products as of this date. However, computer experts have warned that there may still be residual consequences of the change in centuries and any Year 2000 difficulties could result in a decrease in sales of our products, an increase in allocation of resources to address Year 2000 problems of our customers without additional revenue commensurate with the dedication of resources, or an increase in litigation costs relating to losses suffered by our customers due to Year 2000 problems. 28 SCOPE OF YEAR 2000 ASSESSMENT The scope of Kana's Year 2000 compliance program included testing the Kana platform and the IT and non-IT systems used at our corporate office in Redwood City, California. Our other sales offices use the same third-party hardware and software systems as those in the Redwood City office. Accordingly, the quality assurance group determined that it would not conduct an independent review of those systems. The operational areas under investigation included: o products; o software applications; o facilities; o suppliers and vendors; and o computer systems. We have not observed any significant Year 2000 related problems as of this date. BUDGET AND SCHEDULE We funded our Year 2000 plan from available cash and has not separately accounted for these expenses. To date, external expenditures for Year 2000 compliance have totaled less than $20,000. Because our products were designed to be Year 2000 compliant, most of our expenses have related to, and are expected to continue to relate to, the operating costs associated with time spent by employees in the internal evaluation process and Year 2000 compliance matters generally. We may experience unanticipated, material problems and expenses associated with Year 2000 compliance that could harm our business. Finally, we are also subject to external forces that might generally affect industry and commerce, such as Year 2000 compliance failures by utility or transportation companies and related service interruptions. We have completed the evaluation of our products and our third-party software systems. PRODUCTS We have tested the products shipped to date. Our testing determined that these products are capable of properly distinguishing between 20th and 21st century dates, when configured and used in accordance with the related documentation, and provided that the underlying operating system of the host machine and any other software used with these products are also capable of properly distinguishing between 20th and 21st century dates. THIRD-PARTY HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SYSTEMS AND SERVICES We evaluated all of the critical third-party systems and software we use in our business. We received written statements of Year 2000 compliance from substantially all of the providers of hardware used in our business. We have identified approximately 20 different software vendors that provide software products in our business. If any of the compliance statements received from our third-party software or hardware providers are false, our internal systems and ability to ship our product would be materially harmed. We obtained written compliance statements as to Year 2000 compliance from our hosting service provider and our other third-party service providers, including our Internet service providers, cellular telephone providers and all of our utilities. We received compliance statements from such entities without additional expenditures by December 31, 1999. 29 CONTINGENCY PLAN We may discover residual Year 2000 compliance problems in our systems that will require substantial revision. In addition, third-party software, hardware or services incorporated into our products and services may need to be revised or replaced, all of which could be time-consuming and expensive and result in the following, any of which could adversely affect our business: o delay or loss of revenue; o cancellation of customer contracts; o diversion of development resources; o damage to our reputation; o increased service and warranty costs; and o litigation costs. We did not experience any significant disruptions to its business, results of operations, or products as a result of the transition from 1999 to 2000. We plan to retain our Year 2000 contingency plans in case of any potential Year 2000 related events that may arise in the first half of 2000, including any Year 2000 problems encountered by Kana's customers and third-party providers. We believe we have taken the steps necessary to understand and resolve Year 2000 issues; however, failure to adequately address all known and unknown Y2K readiness issues could result in, among other things, unforseen operating expenses and lower net income. Our failure to fix or replace our third-party software, hardware or services on a timely basis could result in lost revenues, increased operating costs, the loss of customers and other business interruptions. Kana has not observed any significant problems with Year 2000 as of this date. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 133 "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and for hedging activities. This statement becomes effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 1999. In June 1999, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 137 "Accounting for Derivative Instruments - Deferral of the Effect Date of SFAS Statement No. 133." SFAS 137 defers the effective date of SFAS 133 until June 15, 2000. We will adopt SFAS 133 in 2001. We expect the adoption of SFAS 133 will not affect results of our operations, financial position or cash flows. In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements." SAB 101 provides guidance for revenue recognition under certain circumstances. SAB 101 is effective in the quarter beginning October 1, 2000. We do not believe SAB 101 will have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. In March 2000, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Interpretation No. 44 "Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation--an interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25." This interpretation has provisions that are effective on staggered dates, some of which began after December 15, 1998 and others that become effective after June 30, 2000. The adoption of this interpretation has not and will not have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. RISK FACTORS OUR FUTURE OPERATING RESULTS MAY VARY SUBSTANTIALLY FROM PERIOD TO PERIOD. THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK WILL FLUCTUATE IN THE FUTURE, AND AN INVESTMENT IN OUR COMMON STOCK IS SUBJECT TO A VARIETY OF RISKS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SPECIFIC RISKS IDENTIFIED BELOW. INEVITABLY, SOME INVESTORS IN OUR SECURITIES WILL EXPERIENCE GAINS WHILE OTHERS WILL EXPERIENCE LOSSES DEPENDING ON THE PRICES AT WHICH THEY PURCHASE AND SELL SECURITIES. PROSPECTIVE AND 30 EXISTING INVESTORS ARE STRONGLY URGED TO CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE VARIOUS CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS AND RISKS SET FORTH IN THIS REPORT AND OUR OTHER PUBLIC FILINGS. THIS REPORT CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS THAT ARE NOT HISTORICAL FACTS BUT RATHER ARE BASED ON CURRENT EXPECTATIONS, ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS ABOUT OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY, OUR BELIEFS AND ASSUMPTIONS. WORDS SUCH AS "ANTICIPATES", "EXPECTS", "INTENDS", "PLANS", "BELIEVES", "SEEKS", ESTIMATES" AND VARIATIONS OF THESE WORDS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS ARE INTENDED TO IDENTIFY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE STATEMENTS ARE NOT GUARANTEES OF FUTURE PERFORMANCE AND ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS, UNCERTAINTIES AND OTHER FACTORS, SOME OF WHICH ARE BEYOND OUR CONTROL, ARE DIFFICULT TO PREDICT AND COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE EXPRESSED OR FORECASTED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES INCLUDE THOSE DESCRIBED IN "RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS", "RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY" AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS REPORT. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS THAT WERE TRUE AT THE TIME MADE MAY ULTIMATELY PROVE TO BE INCORRECT OR FALSE. READERS ARE CAUTIONED NOT TO PLACE UNDUE RELIANCE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS, WHICH REFLECT OUR MANAGEMENT'S VIEW ONLY AS OF THE DATE OF THIS REPORT. EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY LAW, WE UNDERTAKE NO OBLIGATION TO UPDATE ANY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT, WHETHER AS A RESULT OF NEW INFORMATION, FUTURE EVENTS OR OTHERWISE. RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS BECAUSE WE HAVE A LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY, THERE IS LIMITED INFORMATION UPON WHICH YOU CAN EVALUATE OUR BUSINESS We are still in the early stages of our development, and our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects. We were incorporated in July 1996 and first recorded revenue in February 1998. Thus, we have a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our business and prospects. In addition, our operating results include the results of operations of Connectify, Inc., netDialog, Inc., Business Evolution, Inc., and Silknet Software, Inc., four companies acquired by us the first three of which were accounted for as pooling of interests and the last accounted for as a purchase. Due to our limited operating history, it is difficult or impossible to predict future results of operations. For example, we cannot forecast operating expenses based on our historical results because they are limited, and we are required to forecast expenses in part on future revenue projections. Moreover, due to our limited operating history, any evaluation of our business and prospects must be made in light of the risks and uncertainties often encountered by early-stage companies in Internet-related markets. Many of these risks are discussed in the subheadings below, and include our ability to: o attract more customers; o implement our sales, marketing and after-sales service initiatives, both domestically and internationally; o execute our product development activities; o anticipate and adapt to the changing Internet market; o attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel; o respond to actions taken by our competitors; o continue to build an infrastructure to effectively manage growth and handle any future increased usage; and o integrate acquired businesses, technologies, products and services. If we are unsuccessful in addressing these risks or in executing our business strategy, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. 31 OUR QUARTERLY REVENUES AND OPERATING RESULTS MAY FLUCTUATE IN FUTURE PERIODS AND WE MAY FAIL TO MEET EXPECTATIONS, WHICH MAY CAUSE THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK TO DECLINE Our quarterly revenues and operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter particularly because our products and services are relatively new and our prospects uncertain. If quarterly revenues or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or public market analysts, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Factors that might cause quarterly fluctuations in our operating results include the factors described in the subheadings below as well as: o the evolving and varying demand for customer communication software products and services for e-businesses, particularly our products and services; o costs associated with integrating our recent acquisitions, and costs associated with any future acquisitions; o the timing of new releases of our products; o the discretionary nature of our customers' purchasing and budgetary cycles; o changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors; o the timing of execution of large contracts that materially affect our operating results; o the mix of sales channels through which our products and services are sold; o the mix of our domestic and international sales; o costs related to the customization of our products; o our ability to expand our operations, and the amount and timing of expenditures related to this expansion; and o global economic the conditions, as well as those specific to large enterprises with high e-mail volume. We also often offer volume-based pricing, which may affect operating margins. Most of our expenses, such as employee compensation and rent, are relatively fixed in the short term. Moreover, our expense levels are based, in part, on our expectations regarding future revenue levels. As a result, if total revenues for a particular quarter are below expectations, we could not proportionately reduce operating expenses for that quarter. Therefore, this revenue shortfall would have a disproportionate effect on our expected operating results for that quarter. In addition, because our service revenue is largely correlated with our license revenue, a decline in license revenue could also cause a decline in service revenue in the same quarter or in subsequent quarters. Due to the foregoing factors, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance. WE HAVE A HISTORY OF LOSSES AND MAY NOT BE PROFITABLE IN THE FUTURE, WHICH MAY REDUCE THE TRADING PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK Since we began operations in 1997, we have incurred substantial operating losses in every quarter. As a result of accumulated operating losses, as of June 30, 2000, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $432.0 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2000, we had a net loss of approximately $299.4 million, or 827.7% of revenues for that period. Since inception, we have funded our business primarily through selling our stock, not from cash generated by our business. Our growth in recent periods has been from a limited base of customers, and we may not be able to sustain these growth rates. We expect to continue to increase our operating expenses. As a result, we expect to continue to experience losses and negative cash flows, even if sales of our products and services continue to grow, and we may not generate sufficient revenues to achieve profitability in the future. In addition, as a result of our mergers with Connectify, netDialog, Business Evolution and Silknet, we expect that our losses will increase even more significantly because of additional costs and expenses related to: o an increase in the number of employees; o an increase in research and development activities; 32 o an increase in sales and marketing activities; and o assimilation of operations and personnel. If we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase any profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. WE HAVE COMPLETED FOUR MERGERS IN THE PAST ELEVEN MONTHS, AND THOSE MERGERS MAY RESULT IN DISRUPTIONS TO OUR BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT DUE TO DIFFICULTIES IN ASSIMILATING PERSONNEL AND OPERATIONS We may not realize the benefits from the significant mergers we have completed. In August 1999, we acquired Connectify, and in December 1999, we acquired netDialog and Business Evolution. On April 19, 2000, we completed our merger with Silknet. We may not be able to successfully assimilate the additional personnel, operations, acquired technology and products into our business. In particular, we will need to assimilate and retain key professional services, engineering and marketing personnel. This is particularly difficult with Business Evolution and Silknet, since their operations are located on the east coast and we are headquartered on the west coast. Key personnel from the acquired companies have in certain instances decided, and they may in the future decide, that they do not want to work for us. In addition, products of these companies will have to be integrated into our products, and it is uncertain whether we may accomplish this easily or at all. These difficulties could disrupt our ongoing business, distract management and employees or increase expenses. Acquisitions are inherently risky and we may also face unexpected costs, which may adversely affect operating results in any quarter. THE MERGER OF SILKNET INTO OUR COMPANY COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT COMBINED FINANCIAL RESULTS If the benefits of the merger of Silknet into our company do not exceed the costs associated with the merger, including any dilution to our stockholders resulting from the issuance of shares in connection with the merger, our financial results, including earnings per share, could be adversely affected. In addition, we have recorded goodwill and intangible assets of approximately $3.8 billion in connection with the merger, which will be amortized over a period of three years. THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK MAY DECLINE AS A RESULT OF THE MERGER OF SILKNET INTO OUR COMPANY The market price of our common stock may decline as a result of the merger if: o the integration of our company and Silknet is unsuccessful; o we do not achieve the perceived benefits of the merger as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by financial or industry analysts or investors; or o the effect of the merger on our financial results is not consistent with the expectations of financial or industry analysts or investors. The market price of our common stock could also decline as a result of factors related to the merger which may currently be unforeseen. A decline in the market price of our common stock could materially and adversely affect our operating results. IF WE ACQUIRE ADDITIONAL COMPANIES, PRODUCTS OR TECHNOLOGIES, WE MAY FACE RISKS SIMILAR TO THOSE FACED IN OUR OTHER MERGERS If we are presented with appropriate opportunities, we intend to make other investments in complementary companies, products or technologies. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of any other acquisition or investment. If we acquire another company, we will likely face the same risks, uncertainties and disruptions as discussed above with respect to our other mergers. Furthermore, we may have to incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any additional future acquisitions or investments, the issuance of which could be dilutive to our company or our existing stockholders. In addition, our profitability may suffer because of acquisition-related costs or amortization costs for acquired goodwill and other intangible assets. 33 WE FACE SUBSTANTIAL COMPETITION AND MAY NOT BE ABLE TO COMPETE EFFECTIVELY The market for our products and services is intensely competitive, evolving and subject to rapid technological change. We expect the intensity of competition to increase in the future. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced gross margins and loss of market share. We currently face competition for our products from systems designed by in-house and third-party development efforts. We expect that these systems will continue to be a principal source of competition for the foreseeable future. Our competitors include a number of companies offering one or more products for the e-business communications and relationship management market, some of which compete directly with our products. For example, our competitors include companies providing stand-alone point solutions, including Annuncio, Inc., AskJeeves, Inc., Brightware, Inc., Broadbase, Inc., Digital Impact, Inc., eGain Communications Corp., E.piphany, Inc., Inference Corp., Marketfirst, Inc., Live Person, Inc., Mustang Software, Inc., Responsys.com and Servicesoft, Inc. In addition, we compete with companies providing traditional, client-server based customer management and communications solutions, such as Clarify Inc. (which was acquired by Northern Telecom), Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. (which was acquired by Alcatel), Cisco Systems, Inc., Lucent Technologies, Inc., Message Media, Inc., Oracle Corporation, Pivotal Corporation, Siebel Systems, Inc. and Vantive Corporation (which was acquired by PeopleSoft, Inc.). Furthermore, we may face increased competition should we expand our product line, through acquisition of complementary businesses or otherwise. Many of our competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources, significantly greater name recognition and a larger installed base of customers than we have. In addition, many of our competitors have well-established relationships with our current and potential customers and have extensive knowledge of our industry. We may lose potential customers to competitors for various reasons, including the ability or willingness of competitors to offer lower prices and other incentives that we cannot match. Accordingly, it is possible that new competitors or alliances among competitors may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share. We also expect that competition will increase as a result of recently-announced industry consolidations, as well as future consolidations. We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors, and competitive pressures may seriously harm our business. OUR FAILURE TO CONSUMMATE OUR EXPECTED SALES IN ANY GIVEN QUARTER COULD DRAMATICALLY HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS BECAUSE OF THE LARGE SIZE OF TYPICAL ORDERS Our sales cycle is subject to a number of significant risks, including customers' budgetary constraints and internal acceptance reviews, over which we have little or no control. Consequently, if sales expected from a specific customer in a particular quarter are not realized in that quarter, we are unlikely to be able to generate revenue from alternate sources in time to compensate for the shortfall. As a result, and due to the relatively large size of a typical order, a lost or delayed sale could result in revenues that are lower than expected. Moreover, to the extent that significant sales occur earlier than anticipated, revenues for subsequent quarters may be lower than expected. WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO FORECAST OUR REVENUES ACCURATELY BECAUSE OUR PRODUCTS HAVE A LONG AND VARIABLE SALES CYCLE The long sales cycle for our products may cause license revenue and operating results to vary significantly from period to period. To date, the sales cycle for our products has taken 3 to 12 months in the United States and longer in foreign countries. Our sales cycle has required pre-purchase evaluation by a significant number of individuals in our customers' organizations. Along with third parties that often jointly market our software with us, we invest significant amounts of time and resources educating and providing information to prospective customers regarding the use and benefits of our products. Many of our customers evaluate our software slowly and deliberately, depending on the specific technical capabilities of the customer, the size of the deployment, the complexity of the customer's network environment, and the quantity of hardware and the degree of hardware configuration necessary to deploy our products. 34 OUR STOCK PRICE MAY BE HIGHLY VOLATILE AND COULD DROP, PARTICULARLY BECAUSE OUR BUSINESS DEPENDS ON THE INTERNET The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated widely in the past and is expected to continue to do so in the future, as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices of many technology and computer software companies, particularly Internet-related companies, and that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. FUTURE SALES OF STOCK COULD AFFECT OUR STOCK PRICE If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, in the public market, the market price of our common stock could fall. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate. In particular, in July 2000, the lockup agreement executed by the affiliates of Kana and Silknet elapsed and such stockholders are eligible to sell all vested shares. In addition, on August 14, 2000, shares held by former Connectify stockholders became eligible for sale under Rule 144. Also in July 2000, we filed a registration statement that allows the resale of shares held by former netDialog and Business Evolution stockholders in accordance with the terms of those merger agreements. WE MAY ISSUE STOCK AT A DISCOUNT TO THE CURRENT MARKET PRICE, WHICH WOULD DILUTE OUR EXISTING STOCKHOLDERS In order to raise the funds we need to execute our business plan and fund operations generally, we may continue to issue stock at a discount to the current market price. Transactions of that kind would result in dilution to our existing stockholders. DIFFICULTIES IN IMPLEMENTING OUR PRODUCTS COULD HARM OUR REVENUES AND MARGINS Forecasting our revenues depends upon the timing of implementation of our products. This implementation typically involves working with sophisticated software, computing and communications systems. If we experience difficulties with implementation or do not meet project milestones in a timely manner, we could be obligated to devote more customer support, engineering and other resources to a particular project. Some customers may also require us to develop customized features or capabilities. If new or existing customers have difficulty deploying our products or require significant amounts of our professional services support or customized features, our revenue recognition could be further delayed and our costs could increase, causing increased variability in our operating results. OUR BUSINESS DEPENDS ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, AND IT IS UNCERTAIN WHETHER THE MARKET WILL ACCEPT OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Of our total revenue of $36.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2000, $22.9 million was derived from licenses of products and $13.3 million from related services. We are not certain that our target customers will widely adopt and deploy our products and services. Our future financial performance will depend on the successful development, introduction and customer acceptance of new and enhanced versions of our products and services. In the future, we may not be successful in marketing our products and services, including any new or enhanced products. WE MAY BE UNABLE TO HIRE AND RETAIN THE SKILLED PERSONNEL NECESSARY TO DEVELOP OUR ENGINEERING, PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AND SUPPORT CAPABILITIES IN ORDER TO CONTINUE TO GROW We intend to increase our sales, marketing, engineering, professional services and product management personnel over the next 12 months. Competition for these individuals is intense, and we may not be able to attract, assimilate or retain highly qualified personnel in the future. Our business cannot continue to grow if we cannot attract qualified personnel. Our failure to attract and retain the highly trained personnel that are integral to our product development and professional services group, which is the group responsible for implementation and customization 35 of, and technical support for, our products and services, may limit the rate at which we can develop and install new products or product enhancements, which would harm our business. We will need to increase our staff to support new customers and the expanding needs of our existing customers, without compromising the quality of our customer service. Since our inception, a number of employees have left or have been terminated, and we expect to lose more employees in the future. Hiring qualified professional services personnel, as well as sales, marketing, administrative and research and development personnel, is very competitive in our industry, particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area, where we are headquartered, due to the limited number of people available with the necessary technical skills. We face greater difficulty attracting these personnel with equity incentives as a public company than we did as a privately held company. WE MAY FACE DIFFICULTIES IN HIRING AND RETAINING QUALIFIED SALES PERSONNEL TO SELL OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, WHICH COULD HARM OUR ABILITY TO INCREASE OUR REVENUES IN THE FUTURE Our financial success depends to a large degree on the ability of our direct sales force to increase sales to a level required to adequately fund marketing and product development activities. Therefore, our ability to increase revenues in the future depends considerably upon our success in recruiting, training and retaining additional direct sales personnel and the success of the direct sales force. Also, it may take a new salesperson a number of months before he or she becomes a productive member of our sales force. Our business will be harmed if we fail to hire or retain qualified sales personnel, or if newly hired salespeople fail to develop the necessary sales skills or develop these skills more slowly than we anticipate. LOSS OF OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OR ANY OF OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS Our future success depends to a significant degree on the skills, experience and efforts of our senior management. In particular, we depend upon the continued services of Michael J. McCloskey, our Chief Executive Officer. The loss of the services of Mr. McCloskey or any of our executive officers could harm our business and operations. In addition, we have not obtained life insurance benefiting us on any of our employees or entered into employment agreements with our key employees. If any of our key employees left or was seriously injured and unable to work and we were unable to find a qualified replacement, our business could be harmed. A FAILURE TO MANAGE OUR INTERNAL OPERATING AND FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS COULD LEAD TO INEFFICIENCIES IN CONDUCTING OUR BUSINESS AND SUBJECT US TO INCREASED EXPENSES Our ability to offer our products and services successfully in a rapidly evolving market requires an effective planning and management process. We have limited experience in managing rapid growth. We are experiencing a period of growth that is placing a significant strain on our managerial, financial and personnel resources. Our business will suffer if this growth continues and we fail to manage it successfully. On June 30, 2000, we had a total of 889 full-time employees compared to 98 on June 30, 1999. We expect to continue to hire new employees at a rapid pace. The recent completion of the merger with Silknet resulted in approximately 300 new employees joining us. Moreover, we will need to assimilate substantially all of Silknet's operations into our operations. The rate of our recent growth has made management of that growth more difficult. Any additional growth will further strain our management, financial, personnel, internal training and other resources. To manage any future growth effectively, we must improve our financial and accounting systems, controls, reporting systems and procedures, integrate new personnel and manage expanded operations. Any failure to do so could negatively affect the quality of our products, our ability to respond to our customers and retain key personnel, and our business in general. THE INTEGRATION OF OUR NEW PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT OF DEVELOPMENT, VICE PRESIDENT OF MARKETING, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, VICE PRESIDENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES, VICE PRESIDENT OF EBUSINESS SERVICES AND VICE PRESIDENT OF REALTIME INTO OUR MANAGEMENT TEAM MAY INTERFERE WITH OUR OPERATIONS The recent completion of the merger with Silknet has resulted in the addition of a new President, Vice President of Development and Vice President of Marketing. In addition, we have recently hired a Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Human Resources, each of whom has been with us for less than nine months. To integrate into our company, these individuals must spend a significant amount of time learning our business model and management system, in addition to performing their regular duties. Accordingly, the integration of new personnel has resulted and will continue to result in some disruption to our ongoing operations. 36 DELAYS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS OR ENHANCEMENTS TO EXISTING PRODUCTS WOULD HURT OUR SALES AND DAMAGE OUR REPUTATION To be competitive, we must develop and introduce on a timely basis new products and product enhancements for companies with significant e-business customer interactions needs. Any failure to do so could harm our business. If we experience product delays in the future, we may face: o customer dissatisfaction; o cancellation of orders and license agreements; o negative publicity; o loss of revenues; o slower market acceptance; and o legal action by customers. In the future, our efforts to remedy this situation may not be successful and we may lose customers as a result. Delays in bringing to market new products or their enhancements, or the existence of defects in new products or their enhancements, could be exploited by our competitors. If we were to lose market share as a result of lapses in our product management, our business would suffer. TECHNICAL PROBLEMS WITH EITHER OUR INTERNAL OR OUTSOURCED COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS COULD INTERRUPT OUR KANA ONLINE SERVICE The success of the Kana Online service depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our own and outsourced computer and communications hardware and software systems. These systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, natural disasters, telecommunications failures, break-ins, sabotage, computer viruses, intentional acts of vandalism and similar adverse events. We have entered into an Internet-hosting agreement with Exodus Communications, Inc. to maintain certain of the Kana Online servers at Exodus' data center in Santa Clara, California. Our operations depend on Exodus' ability to protect its and our systems in Exodus' data center against damage or interruption. Exodus does not guarantee that our Internet access will be uninterrupted, error-free or secure. We have no formal disaster recovery plan in the event of damage or interruption, and our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. Any system failure that causes an interruption in our service or a decrease in responsiveness could harm our relationships with customers and result in reduced revenues. IF WE FAIL TO BUILD SKILLS NECESSARY TO SELL OUR KANA ONLINE SERVICE, WE WILL LOSE REVENUE OPPORTUNITIES AND OUR SALES WILL SUFFER The skills necessary to market and sell Kana Online are different from those relating to our software products. We license our software products for a fixed fee based on the number of concurrent users and the optional applications purchased. We license Kana Online based on a fixed fee for installation, configuration and training, and a variable monthly component depending on actual customer usage. Our sales force sells both our software products and Kana Online. Because different skills are necessary to sell Kana Online as compared to selling software products, our sales and marketing groups may not be able to maintain or increase the level of sales of either Kana Online or our software products. OUR PENDING PATENTS MAY NEVER BE ISSUED AND, EVEN IF ISSUED, MAY PROVIDE LITTLE PROTECTION Our success and ability to compete depend to a significant degree upon the protection of our software and other proprietary technology rights. We regard the protection of patentable inventions as important to our future opportunities. We currently have nine U.S. patent applications pending relating to our software. Although we have filed four international patent applications corresponding to four of our U.S. patent applications, none of our technology is patented outside of the United States. It is possible that: o our pending patent applications may not result in the issuance of patents; o any patents issued may not be broad enough to protect our proprietary rights; 37 o any issued patent could be successfully challenged by one or more third parties, which could result in our loss of the right to prevent others from exploiting the inventions claimed in those patents; o current and future competitors may independently develop similar technology, duplicate our products or design around any of our patents; and o effective patent protection may not be available in every country in which we do business. WE RELY UPON TRADEMARKS, COPYRIGHTS AND TRADE SECRETS TO PROTECT OUR PROPRIETARY RIGHTS, WHICH MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT TO PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY We also rely on a combination of laws, such as copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, and contractual restrictions, such as confidentiality agreements and licenses, to establish and protect our proprietary rights. In the United States, we currently have a registered trademark, "Kana," and seven pending trademark applications, including trademark applications for our logo and "KANA COMMUNICATIONS and Design." Although none of our trademarks is registered outside of the United States, we have trademark applications pending in Australia, Canada, the European Union, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. However, despite the precautions that we have taken: o laws and contractual restrictions may not be sufficient to prevent misappropriation of our technology or deter others from developing similar technologies; o current federal laws that prohibit software copying provide only limited protection from software "pirates," and effective trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in foreign countries; o other companies may claim common law trademark rights based upon state or foreign laws that precede the federal registration of our marks; and o policing unauthorized use of our products and trademarks is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and we may be unable to determine the extent of this unauthorized use. Also, the laws of other countries in which we market our products may offer little or no effective protection of our proprietary technology. Reverse engineering, unauthorized copying or other misappropriation of our proprietary technology could enable third parties to benefit from our technology without paying us for it, which would significantly harm our business. WE MAY BECOME INVOLVED IN LITIGATION OVER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS, WHICH COULD BE COSTLY AND TIME CONSUMING, AND GENESYS TELECOMMUNICATIONS LABORATORIES, INC. HAS FILED AN INFRINGEMENT SUIT AGAINST US Substantial litigation regarding intellectual property rights exists in our industry. We expect that software in our industry may be increasingly subject to third-party infringement claims as the number of competitors grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps. Third parties may currently have, or may eventually be issued, patents upon which our products or technology infringe. Any of these third parties might make a claim of infringement against us. Many of our software license agreements require us to indemnify our customers from any claim or finding of intellectual property infringement. Any litigation, brought by us or others, could result in the expenditure of significant financial resources and the diversion of management's time and efforts. In addition, litigation in which we are accused of infringement might cause product shipment delays, require us to develop non-infringing technology or require us to enter into royalty or license agreements, which might not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If a successful claim of infringement were made against us and we could not develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely and cost-effective basis, our business could be significantly harmed. On October 8, 1999, Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Genesys has amended its complaint to allege that our Customer Messaging System 3.0 infringes upon one or more claims of two Genesys patents. Genesys is seeking relief in the forms of an injunction, damages, punitive damages, attorneys' fees, costs and pre- and post-judgment interest. The litigation is currently in its early stages and we have not received material information or 38 documentation. We intend to defend ourselves from this claim vigorously and do not expect it to materially impact our results from operations. We are not currently a party to any other material legal proceedings. WE MAY FACE HIGHER COSTS AND LOST SALES IF OUR SOFTWARE CONTAINS ERRORS We face the possibility of higher costs as a result of the complexity of our products and the potential for undetected errors. Due to the mission-critical nature of our products and services, undetected errors are of particular concern. We have only a few "beta" customers that test new features and functionality of our software before we make these features and functionalities generally available to our customers. If our software contains undetected errors or we fail to meet customers' expectations in a timely manner, we could experience: o loss of or delay in revenues expected from the new product and an immediate and significant loss of market share; o loss of existing customers that upgrade to the new product and of new customers; o failure to achieve market acceptance; o diversion of development resources; o injury to our reputation; o increased service and warranty costs; o legal actions by customers; and o increased insurance costs. WE MAY FACE LIABILITY CLAIMS THAT COULD RESULT IN UNEXPECTED COSTS AND DAMAGE TO OUR REPUTATION Our licenses with customers generally contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to potential product liability claims, such as disclaimers of warranties and limitations on liability for special, consequential and incidental damages. In addition, our license agreements generally cap the amounts recoverable for damages to the amounts paid by the licensee to us for the product or service giving rise to the damages. However, these contractual limitations on liability may not be enforceable and we may be subject to claims based on errors in our software or mistakes in performing our services including claims relating to damages to our customers' internal systems. A product liability claim, whether or not successful, could harm our business by increasing our costs, damaging our reputation and distracting our management. WE INTEND TO EXPAND OUR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS, WHICH COULD DIVERT MANAGEMENT ATTENTION AND PRESENT FINANCIAL ISSUES Our international operations are located in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany and Japan and, to date, have been limited. We plan to expand our existing international operations and establish additional facilities in other parts of the world. We may face difficulties in accomplishing this expansion, including finding adequate staffing and management resources for our international operations. The expansion of our existing international operations and entry into additional international markets will require significant management attention and financial resources. In addition, in order to expand our international sales operations, we will need to, among other things: o expand our international sales channel management and support organizations; o customize our products for local markets; and o develop relationships with international service providers and additional distributors and system integrators. Our investments in establishing facilities in other countries may not produce desired levels of revenues. Even if we are able to expand our international operations successfully, we may not be able to maintain or increase international market demand for our products. In addition, we have only licensed our products internationally since January 1999 and have limited experience in developing localized versions of our software and marketing and 39 distributing them internationally. Localizing our products may take longer than we anticipate due to difficulties in translation and delays we may experience in recruiting and training international staff. OUR GROWTH COULD BE LIMITED IF WE FAIL TO EXECUTE OUR PLAN TO EXPAND INTERNATIONALLY For the six month periods ended June 30, 2000 and June 30, 1999, we derived approximately 10.4% and 9%, respectively, of our total revenues from sales outside North America. We have established offices in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany and Japan. As of June 30, 2000, we had 70 sales persons in our offices outside of North America. As a result, we face risks from doing business on an international basis, any of which could impair our internal revenues. We could, in the future, encounter greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection, longer sales cycles and collection periods or seasonal reductions in business activity. In addition, our international operations could cause our average tax rate to increase. Any of these events could harm our international sales and results of operations. INTERNATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS MAY EXPOSE US TO POTENTIAL COSTS AND LITIGATION Our international operations will increase our exposure to international laws and regulations. If we cannot comply with foreign laws and regulations, which are often complex and subject to variation and unexpected changes, we could incur unexpected costs and potential litigation. For example, the governments of foreign countries might attempt to regulate our products and services or levy sales or other taxes relating to our activities. In addition, foreign countries may impose tariffs, duties, price controls or other restrictions on foreign currencies or trade barriers, any of which could make it more difficult for us to conduct our business. The European Union has enacted its own privacy regulations that may result in limits on the collection and use of certain user information, which, if applied to the sale of our products and services, could negatively impact our results of operations. WE MAY SUFFER FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE LOSSES Our international revenues are denominated in local currency. Therefore, a weakening of other currencies versus the U.S. dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign markets. We do not currently engage in currency hedging activities. We have not yet but may in the future experience significant foreign currency translation losses, especially to the extent that we do not engage in hedging. OUR PROSPECTS FOR OBTAINING ADDITIONAL FINANCING, IF REQUIRED, ARE UNCERTAIN AND FAILURE TO OBTAIN NEEDED FINANCING COULD AFFECT OUR ABILITY TO PURSUE FUTURE GROWTH We may need to raise additional funds to develop or enhance our products or services, to fund expansion, to respond to competitive pressures or to acquire complementary products, businesses or technologies. We do not have a long enough operating history to know with certainty whether our existing cash and expected revenues will be sufficient to finance our anticipated growth. Additional financing may not be available on terms that are acceptable to us. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders would be reduced and these securities might have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our current stockholders. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, our ability to fund our expansion, take advantage of unanticipated opportunities, develop or enhance products or services, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures would be significantly limited. OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS CAN EXERCISE SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE OVER STOCKHOLDER VOTING MATTERS Our executive officers and directors, and their affiliates together control approximately 33.6% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders, if they act together, will have a significant impact on all matters requiring approval of our stockholders, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership may delay, prevent or deter a change in control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company or our assets and might affect the market price of our common stock. 40 WE HAVE ADOPTED ANTI-TAKEOVER DEFENSES THAT COULD DELAY OR PREVENT AN ACQUISITION OF OUR COMPANY Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Moreover, without any further vote or action on the part of the stockholders, the board of directors has the authority to determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred stock. This preferred stock, if issued, might have preference over and harm the rights of the holders of common stock. Although the issuance of this preferred stock will provide us with flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, this issuance may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock. We currently have no plans to issue preferred stock. Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and equity compensation plans include provisions that may deter an unsolicited offer to purchase our company. These provisions, coupled with the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, may delay or impede a merger, tender offer or proxy contest involving our company. Furthermore, our board of directors is divided into three classes, only one of which is elected each year. Directors are removable by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of all classes of voting stock. These factors may further delay or prevent a change of control of our company. RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY OUR FAILURE TO MANAGE MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE COULD HARM OUR FUTURE PRODUCT DEMAND Future versions of hardware and software platforms embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards could render our products obsolete. The market for e-business customer communication software is characterized by: o rapid technological change; o frequent new product introductions; o changes in customer requirements; and o evolving industry standards. Our products are designed to work on a variety of hardware and software platforms used by our customers. However, our software may not operate correctly on evolving versions of hardware and software platforms, programming languages, database environments and other systems that our customers use. For example, the server component of the current version of our products runs on the Windows NT operating system from Microsoft, and we must develop products and services that are compatible with UNIX and other operating systems to meet the demands of our customers. If we cannot successfully develop these products in response to customer demands, our business could suffer. Also, we must constantly modify and improve our products to keep pace with changes made to these platforms and to database systems and other back-office applications and Internet-related applications. This may result in uncertainty relating to the timing and nature of new product announcements, introductions or modifications, which may cause confusion in the market and harm our business. If we fail to modify or improve our products in response to evolving industry standards, our products could rapidly become obsolete, which would harm our business. IF WE FAIL TO RESPOND TO CHANGING CUSTOMER PREFERENCES IN OUR MARKET, DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS AND OUR ABILITY TO ENHANCE OUR REVENUES WILL SUFFER We must continually improve the performance, features and reliability of our products, particularly in response to competitive offerings. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to enhance our existing software and to develop new services, functionality and technology that address the increasingly sophisticated and varied needs of our prospective customers. If we do not properly identify the feature preferences of prospective customers, or if we fail to deliver features that meet the requirements of these customers, our ability to market our products successfully and to increase our revenues could be impaired. The development of proprietary technology and necessary service enhancements entails significant technical and business risks and requires substantial expenditures and lead time. 41 IF THE INTERNET AND E-MAIL FAIL TO GROW AND BE ACCEPTED AS MEDIA OF COMMUNICATION, DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES WILL DECLINE We sell our products and services primarily to organizations that receive large volumes of e-mail and Web-based communications. Many of our customers have business models that are based on the continued growth of the Internet. Consequently, our future revenues and profits, if any, substantially depend upon the continued acceptance and use of the Internet and e-mail, which are evolving as media of communication. Rapid growth in the use of e-mail is a recent phenomenon and may not continue. As a result, a broad base of enterprises that use e-mail as a primary means of communication may not develop or be maintained. In addition, the market may not accept recently introduced products and services that process e-mail, including our products and services. Moreover, companies that have already invested significant resources in other methods of communications with customers, such as call centers, may be reluctant to adopt a new strategy that may limit or compete with their existing investments. If businesses do not continue to accept the Internet and e-mail as media of communication, our business will suffer. FUTURE REGULATION OF THE INTERNET MAY SLOW OUR GROWTH, RESULTING IN DECREASED DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES AND INCREASED COSTS OF DOING BUSINESS Due to the increasing popularity and use of the Internet, it is possible that state, federal and foreign regulators could adopt laws and regulations that impose additional burdens on those companies that conduct business online. These laws and regulations could discourage communication by e-mail or other Web-based communications, particularly targeted e-mail of the type facilitated by the Connectify product, which could reduce demand for our products and services. The growth and development of the market for online services may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws or laws that may inhibit the use of Internet-based communications or the information contained in these communications. The adoption of any additional laws or regulations may decrease the expansion of the Internet. A decline in the growth of the Internet, particularly as it relates to online communication, could decrease demand for our products and services and increase our costs of doing business, or otherwise harm our business. Our costs could increase and our growth could be harmed by any new legislation or regulation, the application of laws and regulations from jurisdictions whose laws do not currently apply to our business, or the application of existing laws and regulations to the Internet and other online services. OUR SECURITY COULD BE BREACHED, WHICH COULD DAMAGE OUR REPUTATION AND DETER CUSTOMERS FROM USING OUR SERVICES We must protect our computer systems and network from physical break-ins, security breaches and other disruptive problems caused by the Internet or other users. Computer break-ins could jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network, which could adversely affect our ability to retain or attract customers, damage our reputation and subject us to litigation. We have been in the past, and could be in the future, subject to denial of service, vandalism and other attacks on our systems by Internet hackers. Although we intend to continue to implement security technology and establish operational procedures to prevent break-ins, damage and failures, these security measures may fail. Our insurance coverage in certain circumstances may be insufficient to cover losses that may result from such events. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK We develop products in the United States and sell these products in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. Generally, Our sales are made in local currency. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. We do not currently use derivative instruments to hedge against foreign exchange risk. Our exposure to market rate risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. Our investments consist primarily of short-term municipals and commercial paper, which have an average fixed yield rate of 6%. These all mature within six months. We do not consider our cash equivalents to be subject to interest rate risk due to their short maturities. 42 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Our consolidated financial statements, together with related notes and the report of KPMG LLP, independent auditors, are set forth on the pages indicated in Item 14, and incorporated herein by this reference. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE KPMG LLP was previously our principal accountants. On March 22, 2000, we and KPMG LLP mutually agreed to terminate KPMG LLP's appointment as principal accountants due to an anticipated business relationship between our two companies. The decision to change accountants was approved by the audit committee of our board of directors. In connection with the audits of the fiscal years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, and the subsequent interim period through March 22, 2000, there were no disagreements with KPMG LLP on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedures, which disagreements, if not resolved to their satisfaction, would have caused them to make reference in connection with their opinion to the subject matter of the disagreement. The audit reports of KPMG LLP on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, nor were they qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles. Effective April 19, 2000, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP was engaged as our independent accountants. Prior to April 19, 2000, we had not consulted with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP regarding the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our financial statements, and either a written report was provided to us or oral advice was provided that PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP concluded was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to the accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue. Additionally, prior to April 19, 2000, we had not consulted with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP regarding any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement, or a reportable event. 43 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers and directors (including ages as of August 18, 2000): NAME AGE POSITION - ---- --- -------- Michael J. McCloskey....................... 44 Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors James C. Wood ............................. 43 President and Director Brian K. Allen ............................ 39 Chief Financial Officer Ian P. Cavanagh............................ 34 Vice President, Business Development Nigel K. Donovan........................... 44 Vice President, Development Alexander E. Evans......................... 43 Vice President, International David B. Fowler............................ 46 Vice President, Corporate Marketing Paul R. Holland............................ 39 Vice President, Worldwide Sales William R. Phelps.......................... 38 Vice President, Professional Services Toya A. Rico............................... 40 Vice President, Human Resources Michael R. Wolfe........................... 32 Chief Technology Officer David M. Beirne............................ 36 Director Robert W. Frick............................ 63 Director Mark S. Gainey ............................ 32 Director Eric A. Hahn............................... 40 Director Charles A. Holloway, Ph.D.................. 64 Director Steven T. Jurvetson........................ 33 Director MICHAEL J. MCCLOSKEY. Mr. McCloskey joined us in June 1999 as Chief Executive Officer and a director, and currently serves as our Chairman of the Board of Directors. Prior to joining us, from September 1996 to February 1999, Mr. McCloskey served in various positions with Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc., a provider of enterprise interaction management software, including President from July 1998 to December 1998, Chief Operating Officer from September 1997 to July 1998 and Vice President, Finance and International, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary from September 1996 to July 1998. From May 1995 to September 1996, he served as Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President, Operations at Network Appliance, Inc., a network data storage device company. From September 1993 to May 1995, Mr. McCloskey served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Digital Microwave Corporation, a telecommunications company. From 1991 to 1993, Mr. McCloskey was the Chief Operating Officer and a member of the board of directors of Wavefront Technologies, a 3-D graphics visualization software development company. Mr. McCloskey holds a B.S. in Business Administration from Santa Clara University. JAMES C. WOOD. Mr. Wood joined us in April 2000 as a director in connection with our acquisition of Silknet Software, Inc. and has served as our President since May 2000. Mr. Wood founded Silknet in March 1995 and served as its Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer. From January 1988 until November 1994, Mr. Wood served as President and Chief Executive Officer of CODA Incorporated, a subsidiary of CODA Limited, a financial accounting software company. Mr. Wood also served as a director of CODA Limited from November 1988 until November 1994. Mr. Wood holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Villanova University. BRIAN K. ALLEN. Mr. Allen joined us in April 2000 as Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining us, from 1983 until 1986 and from 1989 to April 2000, Mr. Allen was with KPMG LLP, and was admitted to the partnership in 1995. From 1986 to 1989, Mr. Allen was a member of the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance at the Securities and Exchange Commission. Mr. Allen holds a B.S. in Business Administration from the University of Montana and is a CPA. IAN P. CAVANAGH. Mr. Cavanagh joined us in July 1999 as Vice President, Business Development. Prior to joining us, from February 1996 to July 1999, Mr. Cavanagh served in various management roles at Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc., a provider of enterprise interaction management software, most recently as Vice President, Asia Pacific and Managing Director, Canada. From 1994 to February 1996, Mr. Cavanagh served as 44 Senior Manager-Call Centre Service Development with the New Brunswick Telephone Company. Prior to 1994, Mr. Cavanagh served as Senior Manager-Service Development with Stentor Canadian Network Management, an alliance of Canadian telecommunication service providers. Previously, Mr. Cavanagh held several engineering positions with NBTel. Mr. Cavanagh holds a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Nova Scotia and Acadia University. NIGEL K. DONOVAN. Mr. Donovan joined us in April 2000 as Vice President, Development in connection with our acquisition of Silknet Software, Inc. Prior to joining us, from February 1999 to April 2000, Mr. Donovan served as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Silknet. From November 1995 to February 1999 Mr. Donovan served as Silknet's Vice President--Professional Services. From November 1996 to October 1998, he also served as Silknet's Treasurer and from May 1997 to October 1998 as its Chief Financial Officer. In addition, Mr. Donovan served as director of Silknet from October 1996 to February 1999. From March 1988 until October 1995, Mr. Donovan served as Vice President--Professional Services of CODA Incorporated. Mr. Donovan holds a B.A. in Accounting and Finance from the London School of Business Studies. ALEXANDER E. EVANS. Mr. Evans joined us in July 1999 as Vice President, International. Prior to joining us, from May 1994 to July 1999, Mr. Evans served as the Managing Director, Europe for Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc., with responsibility for Europe, Middle East and Africa. Prior to May 1994, Mr. Evans served in various managerial and sales capacities at Digital Systems Ltd., a company that supplies outbound predictive dialers. Previously, Mr. Evans served in various managerial, technical and marketing positions at Digital Equipment Corp. Prior to his employment by Digital Equipment, Mr. Evans worked in various technical and project roles involving material requirement planning, process control and automated manufacturing systems at Dupont, Inc., Mars Electronics Ltd. and Metal Box PLC. Mr. Evans holds a degree in Electronics from John Moore University, England. DAVID B. FOWLER. Mr. Fowler joined us in April 2000 as Vice President, Corporate Marketing in connection with our acquisition of Silknet Software, Inc. Prior to joining us, from April 1999 to April 2000, Mr. Fowler served as Vice President--Marketing of Silknet. From April 1995 to March 1999, Mr. Fowler served as Vice President--Sales and Marketing for Gradient Technologies, a software company. From December 1993 to March 1995, Mr. Fowler served as Vice President--Sales and Marketing for FTP Software. Mr. Fowler holds a B.S. in Computer Science from Worcester Polytechnic Institute and an M.B.A. from New York University. PAUL R. HOLLAND. Mr. Holland joined us in December 1997 as Vice President, Worldwide Sales. Prior to joining us, from September 1994 to September 1997, Mr. Holland worked at Pure Atria Corporation (now Rational Software Corporation), a software tools company, most recently as its Vice President, Europe. From June 1992 to September 1994, Mr. Holland held various sales positions at Pure Atria Corporation (then Pure Software Corporation). From 1988 to 1992, Mr. Holland was director of marketing and sales for Rothchild Consultants, a high technology market research company. Mr. Holland holds a B.S. in Public Administration from James Madison University, an M.A. in Foreign Affairs from the University of Virginia and an M.B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley. WILLIAM R. PHELPS. Mr. Phelps joined us in December 1998 as Vice President, Professional Services. Prior to joining us, from March 1997 to November 1998, Mr. Phelps served as Vice President, Professional Services for CrossWorlds Software, Inc., an application integration software company. From January 1994 to February 1997, Mr. Phelps served as a principal consultant at Booz, Allen & Hamilton, a management consulting firm. Mr. Phelps holds a B.S. in Industrial Engineering from Stanford University. TOYA A. RICO. Ms. Rico joined us in January 2000 as Vice President, Human Resources. Prior to joining us, from October 1996 through May 1999, Ms. Rico served as Director, Human Resources at Adaptec, Inc., a bandwidth management company. From May 1988 through September 1996, Ms. Rico served in a variety of human resources management positions at 3Com Corporation, a computer networking company. Ms. Rico holds a B.A. in Communications from California State University, San Francisco. MICHAEL R. WOLFE. Mr. Wolfe joined us in May 1997 and served as Director of Engineering until April 1998, as Vice President, Engineering from April 1998 through April 2000 and is currently our Chief Technology Officer. Prior to joining us, from March 1995 to February 1997, Mr. Wolfe served as Director of Engineering at Internet Profiles Corporation, an Internet marketing company. From February 1994 to March 1995, Mr. Wolfe was an associate at Wells Fargo Nikko, specializing in software development. From June 1991 to February 1994, Mr. Wolfe 45 was a software programming analyst at Goldman, Sachs & Co. Mr. Wolfe has taught computer science at Stanford University and the University of California at Berkeley. Mr. Wolfe holds a B.S. and M.S. in Computer Science from Stanford University. DAVID M. BEIRNE. Mr. Beirne has served as one of our directors since September 1997. Mr. Beirne has been a Managing Member of Benchmark Capital, a venture capital firm, since June 1997. Prior to joining Benchmark Capital, Mr. Beirne founded Ramsey/Beirne Associates, an executive search firm, and served as its Chief Executive Officer from October 1987 to June 1997. Mr. Beirne serves on the board of directors of Scient Corporation, PlanetRx.com, Inc., Webvan Group, Inc., 1-800-FLOWERS.COM, Inc., and several private companies. Mr. Beirne holds a B.S. in Management from Bryant College. ROBERT W. FRICK. Mr. Frick has served as one of our directors since August 1999. Mr. Frick previously served as the Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Financial Officer and head of the World Banking Group for Bank of America, as Managing Director of BankAmerica International, and as President of Bank of America's venture capital subsidiary. He is now retired. Mr. Frick previously served as a director of Connectify, Inc. from its founding to its acquisition by us, and he currently serves on the board of directors of six private companies. Mr. Frick holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering and an M.B.A. from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. MARK S. GAINEY. Mr. Gainey co-founded our company in January 1996, has served as a director since January 1996, served as our Chief Executive Officer from January 1996 to June 1999, served as our President from January 1996 through April 2000 and served as our Chairman of the Board of Directors from April 2000 through June 2000. Prior to co-founding our company, from April 1991 to September 1995, Mr. Gainey served as an associate with TA Associates, Inc., a venture capital firm, where he focused primarily on technology and business services investments. Mr. Gainey holds a B.A. in General Studies from Harvard University. ERIC A. HAHN. Mr. Hahn has served as one of our directors since June 1998. Mr. Hahn is a founding partner of Inventures Group, a venture capital firm. From November 1996 to June 1998, Mr. Hahn served as the Executive Vice President and later as the Chief Technical Officer of Netscape Communications Corporation and served as a member of Netscape's Executive Committee. Mr. Hahn also served as General Manager of Netscape's Server Products Division, overseeing Netscape's product development and marketing activities for enterprise Internet, intranet and extranet servers, from November 1995 to November 1996. Prior to joining Netscape, from February 1993 to November 1995, Mr. Hahn was founder and Chief Executive Officer of Collabra Software, Inc., a groupware provider that was acquired by Netscape. Mr. Hahn holds a B.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. DR. CHARLES A. HOLLOWAY. Dr. Holloway has served as one of our directors since December 1996. Dr. Holloway holds the Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers Professorship in Management at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and has been a faculty member of the Stanford Graduate School of Business since 1968. Dr. Holloway is also currently co-director of the Stanford Center for Entrepreneurial Studies at the Graduate School of Business. Dr. Holloway was the founding co-chair of the Stanford Integrated Manufacturing Association, a cooperative effort between the Graduate School of Business and the School of Engineering, which focuses on research and curriculum development in manufacturing and technology. Dr. Holloway serves on the board of directors of several private companies. Dr. Holloway holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley and an M.S. in Nuclear Engineering and Ph.D. in Business Administration from the University of California, Los Angeles. STEVEN T. JURVETSON. Mr. Jurvetson has served as one of our directors since April 1997. Mr. Jurvetson has been a Managing Director of Draper Fisher Jurvetson, a venture capital firm, since June 1995. Prior to joining Draper Fisher Jurvetson, from July 1990 to September 1993, Mr. Jurvetson served as a consultant with Bain & Company, a management consulting firm. Mr. Jurvetson served as a research and development engineer at Hewlett-Packard during the summer months from June 1987 to August 1989. Mr. Jurvetson serves on the boards of directors of Cognigine Corporation, FastParts, Inc., iTv Corp., Tacit Knowledge Corporation, Third Voice, Inc., ReleaseNow.com Corporation, Everdream Corporation and Vivaldi Networks, Inc. Mr. Jurvetson holds a B.S. and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business. 46 BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND COMMITTEES We currently have authorized nine directors. At present, the board consists of eight directors divided into three classes, with each class serving for a term of three years, and we currently have one vacancy. At each annual meeting of stockholders, directors will be elected by the holders of common stock to succeed the directors whose terms are expiring. Messrs. Beirne, Frick and Jurvetson are Class I directors whose terms will expire in 2000, Mr. Hahn and Dr. Holloway are Class II directors whose terms will expire in 2001 and Messrs. Gainey, McCloskey and Wood are Class III directors whose terms will expire in 2002. Our officers serve at the discretion of the board. We have established an audit committee composed of independent directors, which reviews and supervises our financial controls, including the selection of our auditors, reviews the books and accounts, meets with our officers regarding our financial controls, acts upon recommendations of the auditors and takes any further actions the audit committee deems necessary to complete an audit of our books and accounts, as well as addressing other matters that may come before us or as directed by the board. The audit committee currently consists of three directors, Dr. Holloway and Messrs. Jurvetson and Frick. We have established a compensation committee, which reviews and approves the compensation and benefits for our executive officers, administers our stock plans and performs other duties as may from time to time be determined by the board. The compensation committee currently consists of two directors, Messrs. Beirne and Hahn. COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION During 1999, our compensation committee consisted of Messrs. Beirne and Hahn. Neither Mr. Beirne nor Mr. Hahn was an employee of us or our subsidiaries during 1999 or at any time prior to 1999. None of our executive officers serves on the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors or compensation committee. DIRECTOR COMPENSATION We currently do not compensate any non-employee member of the board. Directors who are also our employees do not receive additional compensation for serving as directors. Non-employee directors are eligible to receive discretionary option grants and stock issuances under the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan. In addition, under the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan, each new non-employee director will receive an automatic option grant for 40,000 shares upon his or her initial appointment or election to the board, and continuing non-employee directors will receive an automatic option grant for 10,000 shares on the date of each annual meeting of stockholders. In August 1999, we granted an option to purchase 66,666 shares of common stock to Mr. Frick at an exercise price of $4.50 per share under our 1997 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan. The option was fully vested and immediately exercisable on the grant date. Mr. Frick exercised this option in full in September 1999. Mr. Frick delivered a full-recourse promissory note in the amount of $300,000 to us in full payment of the purchase price. The note bears interest at a rate of 6.0% per annum, compounded annually, and is payable in a lump sum on September 18, 2004. In September 1999, we granted an option to purchase 60,000 shares of common stock to Dr. Holloway at an exercise price of $7.50 per share under the Discretionary Grant program of our 1999 Stock Incentive Plan. The option may be exercised for unvested shares, subject to our right to repurchase those shares at the exercise price paid per share if Dr. Holloway leaves the board before the shares vest. Twenty-five percent of the option shares will vest upon Dr. Holloway's completion of one year of service measured from September 20, 1999, and the balance of the option shares will vest in a series of 36 equal monthly installments upon his completion of each additional month of service thereafter. All unvested shares will immediately vest upon a merger or asset sale, the successful completion of a hostile tender offer for more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities, or a change in the majority of the board through one or more contested elections for board membership. 47 SECTION 16(A) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE The members of the board of directors, our executive officers and persons who hold more than 10% of our outstanding common stock are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which require them to file reports with respect to their ownership of the common stock and their transactions in such common stock. Based upon (i) the copies of Section 16(a) reports which we received from such persons for their fiscal year 1999 transactions in the common stock and their common stock holdings, and (ii) the written representations received from one or more of such persons that no annual Form 5 reports were required to be filed by them for fiscal year 1999, we believe that the executive officers and the board members complied with all their reporting requirements under Section 16(a) for such fiscal year, although Mr. Gregory Gretsch did not timely file a Form 4 and Messrs. Timothy Campbell and Donald Whitt did not timely file Form 5's. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE The following table sets forth certain information concerning compensation earned for the year ended December 31, 1999, by the two individuals who served as our Chief Executive Officer during the 1999 fiscal year, and by each of our four other most highly compensated current executive officers whose salary and bonus for the 1999 fiscal year exceeded $100,000. The listed individuals are referred to in this report as the Named Executive Officers. No other executive officers who otherwise would have been includable in this table on the basis of salary and bonus earned during 1999 have been excluded because they terminated employment or changed their executive status during the year. The salary figures include amounts the employees put into our tax-qualified plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. However, compensation in the form of perquisites and other personal benefits that constituted less than the lesser of either $50,000 or 10% of the total annual salary and bonus of each of the Named Executive Officers in fiscal 1999 is excluded. The option grants reflected in the table below were made under our 1997 Stock Option Issuance Plan. LONG-TERM COMPENSATION AWARDS ANNUAL COMPENSATION SECURITIES ------------------------------------------ UNDERLYING NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION YEAR SALARY($) BONUS($) OPTIONS (#) -------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ -------------- Michael J. McCloskey(1)........................... 1999 81,250 -- 1,866,666 Chief Executive Officer Mark S. Gainey(2)................................. 1999 122,500 -- -- Former Chief Executive Officer Joseph D. McCarthy(3)............................. 1999 143,308 -- 100,000 Former Vice President, Finance and Operations Paul R. Holland................................... 1999 75,000 721,600 -- Vice President, Worldwide Sales William R. Phelps................................. 1999 130,000 56,000 413,330 Vice President, Professional Services Michael R. Wolfe.................................. 1999 135,000 -- 100,000 Chief Technology Officer - -------------- (1) Mr. McCloskey joined us and became our Chief Executive Officer in June 1999. His annualized salary for 1999 was $150,000. (2) Mr. Gainey served as our Chief Executive Officer through June 1999 and served as our President from January 1996 through April 2000. (3) Mr. McCarthy joined us in March 1998 and resigned from his position as Vice President, Finance and Operations effective May 2000. 48 OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR The following table sets forth information with respect to stock options granted to each of the Named Executive Officers in 1999. We granted options to purchase up to a total of 8,760,866 shares to employees during the year, and the table's percentage column shows how much of that total was granted to the Named Executive Officers. No stock appreciation rights were granted to the Named Executive Officers during 1999. The table includes the potential realizable value over the 10-year term of the options, based on assumed rates of stock price appreciation of 5% and 10%, compounded annually. The potential realizable value is calculated based on the initial public offering price of the common stock, assuming that price appreciates at the indicated rate for the entire term of the option and that the option is exercised and sold on the last day of its term at the appreciated price. All options listed have a term of 10 years. The stock price appreciation rates of 5% and 10% are assumed pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. We can give no assurance that the actual stock price will appreciate over the 10-year option term at the assumed 5% and 10% levels or at any other defined level. Actual gains, if any, on stock option exercises will be dependent on the future performance of our common stock. Unless the market price of the common stock appreciates over the option term, no value will be realized from the option grants made to the Named Executive Officers. The option grants to the Named Executive Officers were made under our 1997 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan. The exercise price for each option grant is equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant, as determined in good faith by the board of directors. All options are immediately exercisable in full, but we can buy back any shares purchased under those options, at the exercise price paid per share, to the extent the shares are not vested when the officer leaves our employment. Our repurchase rights will lapse on an accelerated basis under certain conditions in conjunction with a change of control. See "Employment Arrangements, Termination of Employment Arrangements and Change in Control Arrangements." OPTION GRANTS IN 1999 FISCAL YEAR % OF TOTAL POTENTIAL REALIZABLE NUMBER OPTIONS VALUE AT ASSUMED OF GRANTED INDIVIDUAL GRANT ANNUAL RATES OF STOCK SECURITIES TO -------------------- PRICE APPRECIATION FOR UNDERLYING EMPLOYEES EXERCISE OPTION TERM (1) OPTIONS FISCAL PRICE EXPIRATION ------------------------ NAME GRANTED(#) YEAR ($/SH) DATE 5% ($) 10%($) - -------- ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- ----------- ----------- Michael J. McCloskey.................... 1,866,666 21.31 0.3375 06/16/09 22,169,850 35,677,715 Mark S. Gainey ......................... -- -- -- -- -- -- Joseph McCarthy ........................ 100,000 1.14 0.3375 06/16/09 1,187,671 1,911,307 Paul R. Holland......................... -- -- -- -- -- -- William R. Phelps....................... 366,664 4.19 0.175 12/06/08 4,415,286 7,068,612 46,666 0.53 0.3375 06/16/09 554,239 891,930 Michael R. Wolfe ....................... 100,000 1.14 4.50 08/17/09 771,671 1,495,307 - -------------- (1) The 5% and 10% values are based upon the $7.50 price per share at which the common stock was sold in the initial public offering on September 21, 1999. AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES AND FISCAL YEAR-END VALUES The following table sets forth the number of shares the Named Executive Officers purchased in connection with option exercises during the 1999 fiscal year and the value they realized on those exercises. None of these Named Executive Officers held any unexercised options at the end of the 1999 fiscal year. None of them exercised any stock appreciation rights during 1999, and none held any stock appreciation rights at the end of the year. The value realized is based on the fair market value of our common stock on the date of exercise, minus the exercise price payable for the shares. The fair market value was determined in good faith by the board of directors for exercises before September 21, 1999, and was based on our closing price on the exercise date for exercises on or after September 21, 1999. The exercise price for each grant equaled the fair market value on the date of exercise, so the Named Executive Officers who exercised did not realize any value on the exercises. 49 # OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING VALUE OF UNEXERCISED IN-THE-MONEY NUMBER OF UNEXERCISED OPTIONS/SARS OPTIONS/SARS SHARES AT FISCAL YEAR-END(#) AT FISCAL YEAR-END($) ACQUIRED ON VALUE --------------------------- --------------------------------- NAME EXERCISE(#) REALIZED ($) EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE - ---- ------------ ----------- ------------ ------------- --------------- ---------------- Michael J. McCloskey..... 1,866,666 0 -- -- -- -- Mark S. Gainey........... -- -- -- -- -- -- Joseph D. McCarthy....... 100,000 0 -- -- -- -- Paul R. Holland.......... -- -- -- -- -- -- William R. Phelps........ 366,664 0 -- -- -- -- 46,666 0 -- -- -- -- Michael R. Wolfe......... 100,000 0 -- -- -- -- EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS AND CHANGE IN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS In February 1997, Dr. Holloway, one of our directors, exercised an option to purchase 106,666 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. At the time of this report, these shares were fully vested. In April 1997, we sold to Mr. Gainey, our co-founder and one of our directors, 5,000,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.01 per share. At the time of this report, these shares were fully vested. In April 1998, Mr. Holland, our Vice President, Worldwide Sales, exercised an option to purchase 811,406 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. To the extent the shares are unvested at the time of his termination of service, we will have the right to repurchase those shares at the exercise price paid per share. Under the stock purchase agreement, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale, our right to repurchase the unvested shares will automatically lapse in its entirety, and the shares will vest in full, unless the repurchase right is assigned to the successor entity. In addition, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale and Mr. Holland is not offered comparable employment by the successor entity, our right to repurchase the unvested shares will automatically lapse and the shares will vest in full. Also in April 1998, Mr. Wolfe, our Chief Technology Officer, exercised an option to purchase 466,666 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. To the extent the shares are unvested at the time of his termination of service, we will have the right to repurchase those shares at the exercise price paid per share. Under the stock purchase agreement, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale, our right to repurchase the unvested shares will automatically lapse in its entirety and the shares will vest in full. In June 1998, Mr. McCarthy, our former Vice President, Finance and Operations, exercised an option to purchase 213,330 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. Mr. McCarthy will continue to provide services to the Company through August 31, 2000. We will repurchase all shares unvested as of August 31, 2000 at the exercise price paid per share. Under the stock purchase agreement, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale, our right to repurchase the unvested shares will automatically lapse in its entirety and the shares will vest in full. In July 1998, Mr. Hahn, one of our directors, exercised an option to purchase 150,064 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. To the extent the shares are unvested at the time of his termination of service, we will have the right to repurchase those shares at the exercise price paid per share. Under the stock purchase agreement, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale, our right to repurchase the unvested shares will automatically lapse in its entirety and the shares will vest in full. Also in July 1998, Dr. Holloway, one of our directors exercised an option to purchase 53,332 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. To the extent the shares are unvested at the time of his termination of service, we will have the right to repurchase those shares at the exercise price paid per share. Under the stock purchase agreement, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale, our right to repurchase all of the unvested shares will automatically lapse in its entirety, and the shares will vest in full, unless the repurchase right is assigned to the successor entity. In addition, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale and Dr. Holloway does not provide services to the successor entity, 25% of the unvested shares will vest and no longer be subject to repurchase. 50 In February and June 1999, Mr. Phelps, our Vice President, Professional Services, exercised options to purchase a total of 413,330 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. To the extent the shares are unvested at the time of his termination of service, we will have the right to repurchase those shares at the exercise price paid per share. Under the stock purchase agreement, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale, our right to repurchase the unvested shares will automatically lapse in its entirety, and the shares will vest in full, unless the repurchase right is assigned to the successor entity. In addition, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale and Mr. Phelps is not offered employment by the successor entity, 25% of the unvested shares will vest and no longer be subject to repurchase. In June 1999, we entered into an employment arrangement with Mr. McCloskey, our Chief Executive Officer. In connection with this arrangement, we granted Mr. McCloskey an option to purchase 1,866,666 shares of common stock, which Mr. McCloskey exercised in June 1999. Of these shares, 1,119,999 are subject to a right of repurchase granted to us which will allow us to repurchase those shares at the option exercise price paid per share, to the extent those shares are unvested at the time of his termination of service. Under the stock purchase agreement and the terms of Mr. McCloskey's employment arrangement, the unvested shares will vest in a series of 48 successive equal monthly installments upon his completion of each month of service over the 48-month period measured from June 17, 1999. However, all or part of the shares will vest on an accelerated basis, following a change of control of our company, under the following circumstances: o if Mr. McCloskey is not offered full-time employment with the successor corporation, all of his then unvested shares of common stock will accelerate and vest in full; o if Mr. McCloskey is offered full-time employment with the successor corporation as that corporation's chief executive officer, all of his then unvested shares of common stock will continue to vest in accordance with their original terms; o if Mr. McCloskey is offered full-time employment with the successor corporation as other than that corporation's chief executive officer, the rate at which his then unvested shares of common stock vest will double, such that his shares of common stock will vest at a rate equivalent to 62,224 shares of common stock per month; o if Mr. McCloskey is offered full-time employment with the successor corporation as set forth in the second and third points above and he does not accept the position, his shares of common stock will be subject to immediate repurchase; and o if Mr. McCloskey is terminated without cause by the successor corporation following the change in control, all of his then unvested shares of common stock will accelerate and vest in full. Also in June 1999, Mr. McCarthy exercised an option to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. Mr. McCarthy will continue to provide services to the Company through August 31, 2000. We will repurchase all shares unvested as of August 31, 2000 at the exercise price paid per share. Under the stock purchase agreement, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale, our right to repurchase the unvested shares will automatically lapse in its entirety and the shares will vest in full. In August 1999, we granted an option to purchase 66,666 fully vested shares of common stock to Mr. Frick, one of our directors, at an exercise price of $4.50 per share, which he exercised in full in September 1999. In September 1999, Mr. Wolfe exercised an option to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. To the extent the shares are unvested at the time of his termination of service, we will have the right to repurchase those shares at the exercise price paid per share. Under the stock purchase agreement, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale, our right to repurchase the unvested shares will automatically lapse in its entirety, and the shares will vest in full, unless the repurchase right is assigned to the successor entity. In addition, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale and Mr. Wolfe is not offered employment by the successor entity, 25% of the unvested shares will vest and no longer be subject to repurchase. Also in September 1999, Mr. Wolfe exercised an option to purchase 66,666 shares of common stock and entered into a stock purchase agreement for the purchase of those shares. To the extent the shares are unvested at the time of his termination of service, we will have the right to repurchase those shares at the exercise price paid per 51 share. Under the stock purchase agreement, if we are acquired by merger or asset sale, our right to repurchase the unvested shares will automatically lapse in its entirety and the shares will vest in full. In April 2000, we entered into an employment arrangement with Mr. Allen, our Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Allen's annual salary is $200,000. In connection with this arrangement, we granted Mr. Allen an option to purchase 500,000 shares of common stock, of which the option to purchase 80,000 shares was granted at an exercise price of $15 per share, and the option to purchase the remaining 420,000 shares was granted at the fair market value which was $39.31 on the grant date. Under the stock purchase agreement and the terms of Mr. Allen's employment arrangement, the option shares will vest in a series of 48 successive equal monthly installments upon his completion of each month of service over the 48-month period measured from April 19, 2000. However, part of the shares will vest on an accelerated basis if we sign an agreement to acquire another company within 90 days after April 19, 2000 and the acquisition is consummated within 90 days of signing the agreement, as follows: o if Mr. Allen is offered a position with us in a capacity other than as the Chief Financial Officer following the acquisition, the rate of vesting on each of his options will double beginning on the closing date of the acquisition; o if Mr. Allen is not offered a position with us following the acquisition, his options will accelerate with respect to 12 months of additional vesting beginning on the closing date of the acquisition; o if Mr. Allen continues to serve as Chief Financial Officer following the acquisition, then all of his then unvested shares of common stock will continue to vest in accordance with their original terms. If Mr. Allen is involuntarily terminated or voluntarily resigns for good reason during the 12 months following a change of control of our company, he will accelerate with respect to 24 months of additional vesting measured from his termination or resignation date. Generally, our option grants to employees, other than those under the 1999 Special Stock Option Plan, provide that if we are acquired by merger or asset sale and the employee is not offered employment by the successor entity, then 25% of any unvested shares held by that individual will vest and no longer be subject to repurchase. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT The table below sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of June 30, 2000, by the following individuals or groups: o each person or entity who is known by us to own beneficially more than five percent of our outstanding stock; o each of the Named Executive Officers; o each of our directors; and o all current directors and executive officers as a group. Applicable percentage ownership in the following table is based on 93,162,339 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2000, as adjusted to include all options exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 2000 held by the particular stockholder and that are included in the first column. Unless otherwise indicated, the principal address of each of the stockholders below is c/o Kana Communications, Inc., 740 Bay Road, Redwood City, CA 94063. Except as otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock held by them. 52 NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE SHARES OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY BENEFICIALL NAME AND ADDRESS OF BENEFICIAL OWNER OWNED (#) OWNED (%) - ----------------------------------- -------------- ------------ Entities affiliated with Draper Fisher Jurvetson(1)................................ 8,077,674 8.7 Entities affiliated with Benchmark Capital Partners L.P.(2)........................ 8,624,250 9.3 Entities affiliated with CMG @Ventures II LLC(10).................................. 4,707,553 5.1 Mark S. Gainey(3).................................................................. 4,579,966 4.9 Michael J. McCloskey(4)............................................................ 1,869,466 2.0 James C. Wood...................................................................... 2,582,230 2.8 Paul R. Holland(5)................................................................. 816,206 * William R. Phelps(6)............................................................... 416,130 * Joseph D. McCarthy(7).............................................................. 316,130 * Michael R. Wolfe................................................................... 630,782 * Steven T. Jurvetson(1)............................................................. 8,077,674 8.7 David M. Beirne(2)(11)............................................................. 8,828,580 9.5 Eric A. Hahn(8).................................................................... 433,898 * Dr. Charles A. Holloway(9)......................................................... 159,998 * Robert W. Frick.................................................................... 147,034 * All current directors and executive officers as a group (18 persons)............... 31,314,960 33.6 - --------------- * Less than one percent. (1) Principal address is 400 Seaport Court, Suite 250, Redwood City, CA 94063. Includes 7,481,660 shares of common stock held by Draper Fisher Associates Fund IV, L.P., 563,134 shares of common stock held by Draper Fisher Partners IV, LLC and 32,880 shares of common stock held by Draper Richards L.P. Mr. Jurvetson disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest in the Draper Fisher Jurvetson Funds. (2) Principal address is 2480 Sand Hill Road, Suite 200, Menlo Park, CA 94025. Represents 7,566,694 shares of common stock held by Benchmark Capital Partners, L.P., and 1,057,556 shares of common stock held by Benchmark Founders' Fund L.P. Mr. Beirne, one of our directors, is a Managing Member of Benchmark Capital Management Co., LLC. Mr. Beirne disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest in the Benchmark funds. (3) Represents 4,578,666 shares of common stock held by the Mark and Elisabeth Gainey Family Trust. (4) Includes 1,057,777 shares of common stock subject to our right of repurchase. This repurchase right lapses with respect to 31,111 shares per month. (5) Includes 26,666 shares of common stock held by The Paul Holland Grantor Retained Annuity Trust, 26,666 shares of common stock held by The Linda Yates Holland Grantor Retained Annuity Trust, 53,332 shares of common stock held by the Yates/Holland 1999 Irrevocable Trust, 571,410 shares of common stock held by The Yates/Holland Family Trust and 133,332 shares of common stock held by Paul Holland and Linda Yates as community property. Includes 270,469 shares of common stock subject to our right of repurchase. This repurchase right lapses with respect to 16,904 shares per month. (6) Includes 26,666 shares of common stock held by The William Phelps Grantor Retained Annuity Trust, 26,666 shares of common stock held by The Margaret Phelps Grantor Retained Annuity Trust and 360,000 shares of common stock held by The Phelps Family Trust. Includes 213,888 shares of common stock subject to our right of repurchase. This repurchase right lapses with respect to 7,638 shares per month. Also includes 34,028 shares of common stock subject to our right of repurchase, which lapses with respect to 972 shares per month. (7) Includes 33,332 shares of common stock held by The Joseph McCarthy Grantor Retained Annuity Trust and 33,332 shares of common stock held by Siobhan Lawlor Grantor Retained Annuity Trust. Includes 88,889 shares of common stock subject to our right of repurchase. This repurchase right lapses with respect to 4,444 shares per month. Also includes 72,917 shares of common stock subject to our right of repurchase, which lapses with respect to 2,084 shares per month. Mr. McCarthy will continue to provide services to us through August 31, 2000. We will repurchase all shares unvested as of August 31, 2000 at the exercise price paid per share. 53 (8) Includes 68,780 shares of common stock subject to our right of repurchase. This repurchase right lapses with respect to 3,126 shares per month. (9) Includes 8,889 shares of common stock subject to our right of repurchase. This repurchase right lapses with respect to 1,481 shares per month. (10) Principal address is 100 Brickstone Plaza, Andover, MA 01810. Includes a warrant to purchase 123,404 shares of common stock. (11) Includes 192,000 shares of common stock held by Ramsey/Beirne Investment Pool II, LLC. Mr. Beirne, one of our directors, was Chief Executive Officer of Ramsey/Beirne Associates until June 1997. Mr. Beirne disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest in the Ramsey/Beirne Investment Pool II, LLC. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS SALES OF SECURITIES Since January 1999, we have been a party to several transactions in which the amount involved exceeded $60,000 and in which any of our directors or executive officers, any holder of more than 5% of our outstanding capital stock or any member of their immediate families had a direct or indirect material interest. These transactions include: In July 1999, we sold to various investors, including entities affiliated with Draper Fisher Jurvetson and entities affiliated with Benchmark Capital, a total of 1,676,932 shares of Series D preferred stock for total consideration of $10,200,004. At the time of the financing, Mr. Jurvetson, a Managing Director of Draper Fisher Jurvetson, and Mr. Beirne, a Managing Member of Benchmark Capital, were two of our directors. On August 13, 1999, we closed a merger with Connectify, Inc. pursuant to which Connectify became our wholly-owned subsidiary. In connection with the acquisition, we issued approximately 6,982,542 shares of our common stock in exchange for all outstanding shares of Connectify capital stock and reserved 416,690 shares of common stock for issuance upon the exercise of Connectify options and warrants. In connection with the acquisition, Mr. Frick, a director of Connectify, Inc., became one of our directors. On December 3, 1999, we closed a merger with Business Evolution, Inc. pursuant to which Business Evolution became our wholly-owned subsidiary. In connection with the acquisition of Business Evolution, approximately 1,890,200 shares of our common stock, valued at approximately $140 million, were issued for all outstanding shares and warrants of Business Evolution. On December 3, 1999, we closed a merger with netDialog, Inc. pursuant to which netDialog became our wholly-owned subsidiary. In connection with the acquisition of netDialog, approximately 1,120,286 shares of our common stock, valued at approximately $90 million, were issued for all outstanding shares, warrants and convertible notes of netDialog. On April 19, 2000, we closed a merger with Silknet Software, Inc., pursuant to which Silknet became our wholly-owned subsidiary. In connection with the acquisition of Silknet, approximately 33 million shares of common stock, valued at approximately $4.2 billion, were issued or reserved for issuance for all outstanding shares, warrants and options of Silknet. In connection with the acquisition, Mr. Wood, a founder and the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Silknet, became one of our directors. 54 LOANS TO AND OTHER ARRANGEMENTS WITH OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS In connection with the option exercises described under "Employment Arrangements, Termination of Employment Arrangements and Change of Control Arrangements," the following officers and directors delivered five-year full recourse promissory notes, bearing interest at an annual rate of 5.7%, except in the case of Messrs. Frick and Wolfe whose notes bear interest at an annual rate of 6.0%, in amounts and with the balances indicated: ORIGINAL AMOUNT OF AMOUNT OFFICER OR PROMISSORY OUTSTANDING AT DIRECTOR NOTE JULY 31, 2000 - ----------- ------------- ---------------- Michael J. McCloskey........................ $ 630,000 $ 672,535 Robert W. Frick............................. 299,997 316,722 William R. Phelps........................... 79,000 75,301 Ian P. Cavanagh............................. 900,000 947,634 Michael R. Wolfe............................ 458,000 0 We have entered into an employment arrangement with Mr. McCloskey, our Chief Executive Officer. See "Employment Arrangements, Termination of Employment Arrangements and Change in Control Arrangements." We have granted options to our executive officers and directors. See "Management--Director Compensation" and "--Executive Compensation." We have entered into an indemnification agreement with each of our executive officers and directors containing provisions that may require us, among other things, to indemnify our executive officers and directors against liabilities that may arise by reason of our status or service as executive officers or directors (other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature) and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. 55 PART IV ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a) The following documents are filed as part of this Report: 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. PAGE ------ Independent Auditors' Report............................................................................ 65 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1999 and 1998............................................ 66 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years ended December 31, 1999 1998 and 1997........................................................ 67 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997................................................................... 68 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997................................................................................ 70 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.............................................................. 71 2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES. SCHEDULE TITLE PAGE - ----------- ----- ------ Independent Auditors Report on Schedule.................................................... 86 II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.......................................................... 87 Schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto. 3. EXHIBITS. EXHIBIT NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT - ---------- ------------------------ 2.1* Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated December 3, 1999, by and among Kana, King Acquisition Corp. and Business Evolution, Inc. 2.2* Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated December 3, 1999, by and among Kana, Kong Acquisition Corp. and netDialog. 2.3** Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated February 6, 2000, by and among Kana Communications, Inc., Pistol Acquisition Corp. and Silknet Software, Inc. 3.1*** Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. 3.2*** Amended and Restated Bylaws. 4.1*** Fourth Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement dated August 13, 1999 by and among Kana and parties listed on Schedule A therein. 4.2+ Form of amendment to Fourth Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement. 10.1*** Kana's 1997 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan. 10.2*** Kana's 1999 Stock Incentive Plan. 10.3*** Kana's 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. 10.4*** Form of Kana's Directors' and Officers' Indemnification Agreement. 10.5*** Form of Kana's License Agreement. 10.6*** Letter of Credit, dated July 9, 1999, with Silicon Valley Bank and Kana. 10.7*** Lease, dated May 1998, by and between Encina Properties and Kana. 10.8*** Office/R&D Lease, dated June 18, 1999, by and between Chestnut Bay LLC and Kana. 10.9*** Form of Kana's Kana On-Line Service Agreement. 10.10*** Form of Kana's Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement. QuickStart Loan and Security Agreement, dated November 6, 1998, with Silicon Valley Bank and 10.11*** Connectify, Inc. 10.12+ Lease, dated February 11, 2000, by and between Veterans Self- Storage, LLC and the Registrant. 10.13+ Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Incentive Plan of Kana Communications, Inc. 56 EXHIBIT NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT - ---------- ------------------------ 16.1++++ Letter from KPMG LLP, dated March 30, 2000. 21.1+ Subsidiaries of Kana Communications, Inc. 23.1 Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Auditors. 24.1++++ Power of Attorney. 27.1 Financial Data Schedule. 99.1++ Connectify, Inc. 1998 Stock Plan. 99.2++ Connectify, Inc. 1998 Stock Plan Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement. 99.3++ Connectify, Inc. 1998 Stock Plan Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement. 99.4++ Form of Option Assumption Agreement. 99.5+++ Business Evolution, Inc. 1999 Stock Plan. 99.6+++ Business Evolution, Inc. Form of Stock Option Agreement. 99.7+++ Form of Option Assumption Agreement--12 Months Acceleration (Business Evolution Option Shares). 99.8+++ Form of Option Assumption Agreement--24 Months Acceleration (Business Evolution Option Shares). 99.9+++ netDialog, Inc. 1997 Stock Plan. 99.10+++ netDialog, Inc. Form of Stock Option Agreement. 99.11+++ Form of Option Assumption Agreement (netDialog Option Shares). - -------------- * Previously filed as an exhibit to the Form 8-K filed with the Commission by Kana on December 14, 1999, and incorporated into this annual report by reference. ** Previously filed as an exhibit to the form 13D filed with the Commission by Kana on February 16, 2000, and incorporated into this annual report by reference. *** Incorporated into this annual report by reference to Kana's registration statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-82587, originally filed with the Commission on July 9, 1999, as subsequently amended. + Incorporated into this annual report by reference to Kana's registration statement on Form S-4, File No. 333-32428, originally filed with the Commission on March 14, 2000, as subsequently amended. ++ Previously filed as an exhibit to the Form S-8 filed with the Commission by Kana on December 6, 1999 and incorporated into this annual report by reference. +++ Previously filed as an exhibit to the Form S-8 filed with the Commission by Kana on December 23, 1999 and incorporated into this annual report by reference. ++++ Previously filed as an exhibit to the Form 10-K filed with the Commission by Kana on March 30, 2000 and incorporated into this annual report by reference. (B) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K. 1. On December 14, 1999, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K reporting under Item 5, relating to the acquisitions of Business Evolution, Inc., a Delaware corporation and netDialog, Inc., a California corporation. 57 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT The Board of Directors and Stockholders Kana Communications, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Kana Communications, Inc. and subsidiary (the Company) as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1999. The consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Kana Communications, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1999 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. /s/ KPMG LLP -------------------------- Mountain View, California January 20, 2000, except as to Note 8, which is as of February 11, 2000 58 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) DECEMBER 31, ----------------------- 1999 1998 ---------- ----------- ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents............................................................ $ 18,695 $ 13,875 Short-term investments............................................................... 34,522 160 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $366 in 1999 and $110 in 1998............................................................................ 4,655 847 Prepaid expenses and other current assets............................................ 2,036 150 ---------- ----------- Total current assets................................................................. 59,908 15,032 Property and equipment, net.......................................................... 8,360 1,473 Other assets......................................................................... 1,961 371 ---------- ----------- Total assets......................................................................... $ 70,229 $ 16,876 ========== =========== LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Current portion of notes payable..................................................... $ 4,224 $ 1,071 Accounts payable..................................................................... 2,766 698 Accrued commissions.................................................................. 1,984 143 Accrued payroll...................................................................... 1,639 280 Other accrued liabilities............................................................ 1,303 445 Accrued acquisition related costs.................................................... 3,148 -- Deferred revenue..................................................................... 6,253 562 ---------- ----------- Total current liabilities............................................................ 21,317 3,199 Notes payable, less current portion.................................................. 412 726 ---------- ----------- Total liabilities.................................................................... 21,729 3,925 ---------- ----------- Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity: Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 and 50,000,000 shares authorized; no and 12,512,641 shares issued and outstanding........................ -- 13 Common stock, $0.001 par value; 60,000,000 and 100,000,000 shares authorized; 60,766,650 and 19,274,516 shares issued and outstanding............................ 61 19 Additional paid-in capital........................................................... 202,473 29,246 Deferred stock-based compensation.................................................... (14,962) (2,284) Notes receivable from stockholders................................................... (6,380) (164) Accumulated other comprehensive losses............................................... (75) (5) Accumulated deficit.................................................................. (132,617) (13,874) ---------- ----------- Total stockholders' equity........................................................... 48,500 12,951 ---------- ----------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity........................................... $ 70,229 $ 16,876 ========== =========== THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 59 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, ----------------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 ------------ ----------- --------- Revenue: License............................................................... $ 10,536 $ 2,014 $ -- Service............................................................... 3,528 333 617 ------------ ----------- --------- Total revenue..................................................... 14,064 2,347 617 ------------ ----------- --------- Cost of revenue: License............................................................... 271 54 -- Service, excluding amortization of stock-based compensation of $19,752, $143 and $13............................................... 6,610 666 253 ------------ ----------- --------- Total cost of revenue............................................. 6,881 720 253 ------------ ----------- --------- Gross profit...................................................... 7,183 1,627 364 ------------ ----------- --------- Operating expenses: Sales and marketing, excluding amortization of stock-based compensation of $34,000, $564 and $52............................... 21,199 5,504 512 Research and development, excluding amortization of stock- based compensation of $19,864, $438 and $31......................... 12,854 5,669 971 General and administrative, excluding amortization of stock- based compensation of $6,860, $311 and $17.......................... 5,018 1,826 378 Amortization of stock-based compensation.............................. 80,476 1,456 113 Acquisition related costs............................................. 5,635 -- -- ------------ ----------- --------- Total operating expenses.......................................... 125,182 14,455 1,974 ------------ ----------- --------- Operating loss............................................................. (117,999) (12,828) (1,610) Other income (expense), net................................................ (744) 227 57 ------------ ----------- --------- Net loss.......................................................... (118,743) (12,601) (1,553) ------------ ----------- --------- Other comprehensive loss: Net unrealized gain on available for sale securities.................. 26 -- -- Foreign currency translation adjustments.............................. (96) (5) -- ------------ ----------- --------- Total other comprehensive loss.................................... (70) (5) -- ------------ ----------- --------- Comprehensive loss................................................ $ (118,813) $ (12,606) $ (1,553) Basic and diluted net loss per share....................................... $ (4.61) $ (2.01) $ (0.37) ============ =========== ========= Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share amounts................................................................. 25,772 6,258 4,152 ============ =========== ========= THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 60 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL ----------------------------- --------------------------------- PAID-IN SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL ---------------- ----------- ---------------- --------------- --------------- Balances, January 1, 1997..................... -- $ -- 106,742 $ -- $ -- Issuance of common stock to Kana and -- -- 6,931,916 7 (6) netDialog founders......................... Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options.............................. -- -- 106,666 -- -- Repurchase of founders' common stock, net..... -- -- (833,332) -- -- Issuance of Series A and B convertible preferred stock, net....................... 8,917,855 9 -- -- 4,764 Issuance of common stock of pooled company.... -- -- 173,232 -- 2,070 Deferred stock-based compensation............. -- -- -- -- 890 Issuance of shares of common stock in exchange for services...................... -- -- 1,334 -- 7 Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation............................... -- -- -- -- -- Net loss...................................... -- -- -- -- -- Balances, December 31, 1997................... 8,917,855 9 6,486,558 7 7,725 Issuance of common stock to Connectify and BEI founders............................... -- -- 3,954,940 4 61 Issuance of stock upon exercise of stock options and warrants, net of repurchases... 68,139 -- 5,314,624 5 174 Issuance of common stock of pooled companies.. -- -- 3,442,704 3 6,573 Issuance of Series B and C convertible preferred stock, net....................... 3,526,647 4 -- -- 11,624 Issuance of common stock and warrants in exchange for services and intellectual property................................... -- -- 75,690 -- 133 Deferred stock-based compensation -- -- -- -- 2,956 Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation............................... -- -- -- -- -- Other comprehensive loss...................... -- -- -- -- -- Net loss...................................... -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- ----------- ---------------- --------------- --------------- Balances, December 31, 1998................... 12,512,641 13 19,274,516 19 29,246 NOTES ACCUMULATED DEFERRED RECEIVABLE OTHER STOCK-BASED FROM COMPREHENSIVE ACCUMULATED COMPENSATION STOCKHOLDERS LOSSES DEFICIT ------------------ ---------------- ------------------ ---------------- Balances, January 1, 1997..................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 280 Issuance of common stock to Kana and -- -- -- -- netDialog founders......................... Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options.............................. -- -- -- -- Repurchase of founders' common stock, net..... -- -- -- -- Issuance of Series A and B convertible preferred stock, net....................... -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock of pooled company.... -- -- -- -- Deferred stock-based compensation............. (890) -- -- -- Issuance of shares of common stock in exchange for services...................... -- -- -- -- Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation............................... 106 -- -- -- Net loss...................................... -- -- -- (1,553) Balances, December 31, 1997................... (784) -- -- (1,273) Issuance of common stock to Connectify and BEI founders............................... -- -- -- -- Issuance of stock upon exercise of stock options and warrants, net of repurchases... -- (164) -- -- Issuance of common stock of pooled companies.. -- -- -- -- Issuance of Series B and C convertible preferred stock, net....................... -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock and warrants in exchange for services and intellectual property................................... -- -- -- -- Deferred stock-based compensation (2,956) -- -- -- Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation............................... 1,456 -- -- -- Other comprehensive loss...................... -- -- (5) -- Net loss...................................... -- -- -- (12,601) ------------------ ---------------- ------------------ ---------------- Balances, December 31, 1998................... (2,284) (164) (5) (13,874) TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY ---------------- Balances, January 1, 1997..................... $ 280 Issuance of common stock to Kana and 1 netDialog founders......................... Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options.............................. -- Repurchase of founders' common stock, net..... -- Issuance of Series A and B convertible preferred stock, net....................... 4,773 Issuance of common stock of pooled company.... 2,070 Deferred stock-based compensation............. -- Issuance of shares of common stock in exchange for services...................... 7 Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation............................... 106 Net loss...................................... (1,553) Balances, December 31, 1997................... 5,684 Issuance of common stock to Connectify and BEI founders............................... 65 Issuance of stock upon exercise of stock options and warrants, net of repurchases... 15 Issuance of common stock of pooled companies.. 6,576 Issuance of Series B and C convertible preferred stock, net....................... 11,628 Issuance of common stock and warrants in exchange for services and intellectual property................................... 133 Deferred stock-based compensation -- Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation............................... 1,456 Other comprehensive loss...................... (5) Net loss...................................... (12,601) ---------------- Balances, December 31, 1998................... 12,951 61 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY--(CONTINUED) (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL -------------------------------- ---------------------------------- PAID-IN SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL ----------------- ------------ ---------------- ---------------- --------------- Balances, December 31, 1998............ 12,512,641 13 19,274,516 19 29,246 Issuance of common stock upon exercise -- -- 5,749,356 6 6,393 of stock options and warrants, net of repurchases...................... Issuance of Series D convertible preferred stock..................... 838,466 -- -- -- 10,169 Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock............... (13,351,107) (13) 26,702,214 27 (14) Issuance of common stock of pooled companies........................... -- -- 964,964 1 5,790 Issuance of common stock in exchange for services........................ -- -- 5,306 -- 60 Issuance of common stock in conjunction with initial public offering, net....................... -- -- 7,590,000 8 51,058 Conversion of debt, accrued interest, and warrants to common stock........ -- -- 480,294 -- 5,058 Payments on notes receivable from stockholders........................ -- -- -- -- -- Interest receivable from notes receivable from stockholders........ -- -- -- -- -- Interest expense from warrants issued in connection with bridge loans..... -- -- -- -- 1,559 Deferred stock-based compensation...... -- -- -- -- 93,154 Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation........................ -- -- -- -- -- Other comprehensive loss............... -- -- -- -- -- Net loss............................... -- -- -- -- -- ----------------- ------------ ---------------- ---------------- --------------- Balances, December 31, 1999............ -- $ -- 60,766,650 $ 61 $ 202,473 ================= ============ ================ ================ =============== NOTES ACCUMULATED DEFERRED RECEIVABLE OTHER STOCK-BASED FROM COMPREHENSIVE ACCUMULATED COMPENSATION STOCKHOLDERS LOSSES DEFICIT ------------------ ---------------- ------------------ ---------------- Balances, December 31, 1998............ (2,284) (164) (5) (13,874) Issuance of common stock upon exercise -- (6,544) -- -- of stock options and warrants, net of repurchases...................... Issuance of Series D convertible preferred stock..................... -- -- -- -- Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock............... -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock of pooled companies........................... -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock in exchange for services........................ -- -- -- -- Issuance of common stock in conjunction with initial public offering, net....................... -- -- -- -- Conversion of debt, accrued interest, and warrants to common stock........ -- -- -- -- Payments on notes receivable from stockholders........................ -- 501 -- -- Interest receivable from notes receivable from stockholders........ -- (173) -- -- Interest expense from warrants issued in connection with bridge loans..... -- -- -- -- Deferred stock-based compensation...... (93,154) -- -- -- Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation........................ 80,476 -- -- -- Other comprehensive loss............... -- -- (70) -- Net loss............................... -- -- -- (118,743) ------------------ ---------------- ------------------ ---------------- Balances, December 31, 1999............ $ (14,962) $ (6,380) $ (75) $ (132,617) ================== ================ ================== ================ TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY ------------------ Balances, December 31, 1998............ 12,951 Issuance of common stock upon exercise (145) of stock options and warrants, net of repurchases...................... Issuance of Series D convertible preferred stock..................... 10,169 Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock............... -- Issuance of common stock of pooled companies........................... 5,791 Issuance of common stock in exchange for services........................ 60 Issuance of common stock in conjunction with initial public offering, net....................... 51,066 Conversion of debt, accrued interest, and warrants to common stock........ 5,058 Payments on notes receivable from stockholders........................ 501 Interest receivable from notes receivable from stockholders........ (173) Interest expense from warrants issued in connection with bridge loans..... 1,559 Deferred stock-based compensation...... -- Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation........................ 80,476 Other comprehensive loss............... (70) Net loss............................... (118,743) ------------------ Balances, December 31, 1999............ $ 48,500 ================== THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 62 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (IN THOUSANDS) YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, ---------------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 ----------- ---------- --------- Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss................................................................. $ (118,743) $ (12,601) $ (1,553) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization.......................................... 1,531 328 45 Amortization of stock-based compensation and other stock-based items... 80,536 1,589 113 Interest expense from warrants issued in connection with bridge loans.. 1,559 -- -- Conversion of accrued interest to common stock......................... 258 -- -- Interest on stockholders' notes receivable............................. (173) -- -- Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable.................................................. (3,807) (690) (15) Prepaid expenses and other assets.................................... (1,831) (469) (50) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities............................. 9,274 1,177 379 Deferred revenue..................................................... 5,691 562 -- ----------- ---------- --------- Net cash used in operating activities................................ (25,705) (10,104) (1,081) ----------- ---------- --------- Cash flows from investing activities: (Purchases) sales of short-term investments, net......................... (35,981) 50 (210) Purchases of property and equipment...................................... (8,418) (1,446) (371) ----------- ---------- --------- Net cash used in investing activities................................ (44,399) (1,396) (581) ----------- ---------- --------- Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from notes payable and convertible notes payable................ 9,790 1,834 256 Payments on notes payable................................................ (2,151) (122) -- Net proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock................ 10,169 11,628 4,603 Net proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants.................. 5,645 6,656 2,070 Net proceeds from initial public offering................................ 51,066 -- -- Payments on stockholders' notes receivable............................... 501 -- -- ----------- ---------- --------- Net cash provided by financing activities............................ 75,020 19,996 6,929 ----------- ---------- --------- Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents................ (96) (5) -- ----------- ---------- --------- Net change in cash and cash equivalents..................................... 4,820 8,491 5,267 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year.............................. 13,875 5,384 117 ----------- ---------- --------- Cash and cash equivalents at end of year.................................... $ 18,695 $ 13,875 $ 5,384 =========== ========== ========= Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid during the year for interest................................... $ 131 $ 36 $ 3 =========== ========== ========= Noncash investing and financial activities: Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock upon conversion of stockholder loan..................................................... $ -- $ -- $ 170 =========== ========== ========= Issuance of common stock upon conversion of convertible note payable... $ 4,800 $ 300 $ -- =========== ========== ========= Issuance of common stock in exchange for notes receivable from stockholders.................................................... $ 6,544 $ 155 $ -- =========== ========== ========= Grant of options to purchase common stock with an exercise price below fair value........................................................... $ 93,154 $ 2,273 $ 890 =========== ========== ========= THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 63 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (A) DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Kana Communications, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company or Kana) develop, market and support customer communications software products and services for e-Businesses. The Company sells its products primarily in the United States and, to a lesser extent, in Europe primarily through its direct sales force. (B) PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Kana Communications, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. (C) USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. (D) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION The functional currency for the Company's international subsidiary is the local currency of the country in which it operates. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains, and losses are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Any translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive loss. (E) CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity or reset date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company has classified its cash equivalents and short-term investments as "available for sale." These items are carried at fair value, based on the quoted market prices, and unrealized gains and losses, are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive losses in stockholders' equity. All short term investments mature in less than one year. To date, realized gains or losses have not been material. (F) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the related lease term or the life of the improvement. The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amounts exceed the fair values of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying values or fair values, less costs of disposal. (G) CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK Financial instruments subjecting the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with two domestic financial institutions. From time to time, the Company's cash balances with its financial institutions may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. 64 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 The Company's customers are currently concentrated in the United States. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations, generally does not require collateral and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of customers, historical trends and other information. To date, such losses have been immaterial. (H) REVENUE RECOGNITION The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition. SOP 97-2 requires that revenue recognized from software arrangements be allocated to each element of the arrangement based on the relative fair values of the elements, such as software products, upgrades, enhancements, post contract customer support, installation, or training. Under SOP 97-2, the determination of fair value is based on objective evidence that is specific to the vendor. If evidence of fair value for each element of the arrangement does not exist, all revenue from the arrangement is deferred until such time as evidence of fair value does exist or until all elements of the arrangement are delivered. License revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement and delivery to the customer has occurred, provided the arrangement does not require significant customization of the software, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collectibility is considered probable. Maintenance contracts generally call for the Company to provide technical support and software updates and upgrades to customers. Revenue from maintenance contracts is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance contract, on a straight- line basis. Other service revenue, consisting primarily of consulting and implementation, is generally recognized at the time the service is performed. (I) SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COSTS Software development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility of the underlying software product is achieved. After technological feasibility is established, software development costs are capitalized. Capitalized costs are then amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated product life, or based on the ratio of current revenue to total projected product revenue, whichever is greater. To date, technological feasibility and general availability of such software have occurred simultaneously and software development costs qualifying for capitalization have been insignificant. Accordingly, the Company has not capitalized any software development costs. The Company accounts for the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with SOP 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use, which was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998. This statement requires that certain costs incurred during a software development project be capitalized. These costs generally include external direct costs of materials and services consumed in the project, and internal costs such as payroll and benefits of those employees directly associated with the development of the software. During 1999, the Company did not capitalize any internal costs as such costs qualifying for capitalization have been insignificant. External direct costs of purchased internal use software have been capitalized and included in fixed assets. (J) INCOME TAXES The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the statement of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount whose realization is more likely than not. (K) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation arrangements with employees using the intrinsic-value method. Deferred stock-based compensation is recorded on the date of grant when the deemed fair 65 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 value of the underlying common stock exceeds the exercise price for stock options or the purchase price for the shares of common stock. Nonemployee options are accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123. Deferred stock-based compensation resulting from employee and nonemployee option grants is amortized on an accelerated basis over the vesting period of the individual options, generally four years, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 28. (L) COMPREHENSIVE LOSS Other comprehensive loss recorded by the Company for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998 was attributable to foreign currency translation adjustments for the Company's U.K. subsidiary and unrealized gain from investments. Tax effects and reclassification adjustments of comprehensive loss are not material. (M) NET LOSS PER SHARE Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock, excluding common stock subject to repurchase. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock and, when dilutive, potential common shares from options and warrants to purchase common stock and common stock subject to repurchase using the treasury stock method, and from convertible securities using the as-if converted basis. All potential common shares have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for all periods presented because the effect would have been antidilutive. Diluted net loss per share does not include the effect of the following antidilutive common equivalent shares: YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, ----------------------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 ------------ ------------- ------------ Stock options and warrants........................................... 3,771,116 824,630 3,576,632 Common stock subject to repurchase................................... 9,101,206 8,926,146 5,189,824 Convertible preferred stock (as if converted basis).................. -- 25,025,282 17,835,710 ------------ ------------- ------------ 12,872,322 34,776,058 26,602,166 ============ ============= ============ (N) SEGMENT REPORTING The Company is organized in a single operating segment for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing performance. The chief executive officer, the chief operating decision maker, evaluates performance, makes operating decisions, and allocates resources based on financial data consistent with the presentation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Company's revenues derived from sources outside of the United States, primarily in the United Kingdom, for the year ended December 31, 1999 were approximately $1,385,000. Prior to 1999, the Company's revenues have been earned primarily from customers in the United States. In addition, all significant operations and assets are based in the United States. No customer accounted for more than 10% of revenues for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997. (O) RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In December 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued SOP 98-9, Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition with Respect to Certain Transactions. SOP 98-9 amends SOP 97-2 to require the entity to recognize revenue for multiple element arrangements by means of the "residual method" when: 1) there is vendor-specific evidence of the fair values of all of the undelivered elements; 2) vendor-specific evidence of fair value does not exist for one or more of the delivered elements; and 3) the revenue recognition criteria of SOP 97-2 are satisfied. SOP 98-9 will be effective beginning January 1, 2000. The Company believes the adoption of SOP 98-9 will not have a material effect on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows. 66 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 In June 1998, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 133, Accounting for Derivative and Hedging Activities. This standard requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and measures those instruments at fair value. The type and use of the derivative, and whether it qualifies for hedge accounting, will determine the treatment of gains or losses resulting from changes in the derivative. The Company believes the adoption of SFAS No. 133 will not have a material effect on its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. The statement will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2001. 2. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS On August 13, 1999, the Company issued 6,982,542 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Connectify in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of Connectify. Prior to the consummation of the merger, 5,095,819 shares of the outstanding Kana perferred stock were converted to 10,191,638 shares of Kana common stock. As a result of the conversion, the Company created a controlling class of common stock. On December 3, 1999, in connection with the acquisition of Business Evolution, Inc. ("BEI"), 1,935,206 shares of Kana common stock were issued or reserved for issuance for all outstanding shares, warrants and options of BEI. Pursuant to the terms of the merger, BEI's convertible preferred stock with a book value of $4,976,000 converted into 474,332 shares of Kana common stock. On the same date, in connection with the acquisition of netDialog, Inc. ("netDialog"), 1,244,062 shares of Kana common stock were issued or reserved for issuance for all outstanding shares, warrants, convertible notes and options of netDialog. Pursuant to the terms of the merger, netDialog's redeemable preferred stock with a book value of $4,995,000 and convertible debt with a book value of $4,800,000 converted into 773,942 shares of Kana's common stock at the closing of the merger. The mergers have been accounted for as poolings of interests, and, accordingly, the Company's consolidated financial statements have been restated for all periods prior to the merger to include the results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of the acquired companies. No significant adjustments were required to conform the accounting policies of the Company and the acquired companies. In connection with the merger with Connectify, Kana recorded a charge for merger integration costs of $1.2 million consisting primarily of transaction fees for attorneys and accountants of approximately $390,000 and employee severance benefits and facility related costs of $780,000. As of December 31, 1999, Kana had $30,000 remaining in accrued acquisition related costs, which Kana expects to pay by the first quarter of fiscal 2000. In connection with the mergers with BEI and netDialog, the Company recorded a nonrecurring charge for merger integration costs of $4.5 million, consisting primarily of transaction fees for attorneys and accountants of approximately $1.5 million, merger-related advertising and announcements of $1.7 million incurred by December 31, 1999, charges for the elimination of duplicate facilities of approximately $840,000 and severance costs and certain other related costs of approximately $433,000. As of December 31, 1999, Kana had $3,118,000 remaining in accrued acquisition related costs, which Kana expects to pay during fiscal 2000. Certain results of operations data for the separate companies and the combined amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements were as follows (in thousands): NINE MONTHS YEARS ENDED ENDED DECEMBER 31, SEPTEMBER 30, ----------------- 1999 1998 1997 ------------- -------- ------- (UNAUDITED) Revenues: Kana.................................... $ 7,174 $ 2,049 $ -- Connectify(1)........................... -- -- -- BEI..................................... 361 298 617 netDialog............................... 72 -- -- ------------- -------- ------- $ 7,607 $ 2,347 $ 617 ============= ======== ======= 67 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 NINE MONTHS ENDED YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, ------------- --------------------- 1999 1998 1997 ------------- ---------- --------- (UNAUDITED) Net Loss:......................... Kana......................... $(16,828) $(6,337) $ (1,384) Connectify(1)................ (2,627) (1,041) -- BEI.......................... (2,404) (1,360) 93 netDialog.................... (6,288) (3,863) (262) ------------- ---------- --------- $(28,147) $(12,601) $ (1,553) ============= ========== ========= - -------------- (1) Connectify figures included in the nine months ended 1999 are stated for the six months ended June 30, 1999. 3. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DETAIL Cash equivalents consist of the following as of December 31, 1999 (in thousands): UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR COST LOSS GAIN VALUE ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- Money market funds.................... $ 3,553 $ -- $ -- $ 3,553 Municipal securities.................. 4,014 -- -- 4,014 Commercial paper...................... 7,949 -- -- 7,949 Certificates of deposit............... 283 -- -- 283 ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- $ 15,799 $ -- $ -- $ 15,799 ========== =========== =========== ========== Short-term investments consist of the following as of December 31, 1999 (in thousands): COST UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR LOSS GAIN VALUE ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- Municipal securities................. $ 18,450 $ -- $ -- $ 18,450 Commercial paper..................... 9,286 -- 23 9,307 Corporate bonds...................... 5,115 -- 3 5,118 Certificates of deposit.............. 1,647 -- -- 1,647 ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- $ 34,496 $ -- $ 26 $ 34,522 ========== ========== =========== =========== As of December 31, 1998, short-term investments consisted of certificates of deposit. Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands): DECEMBER 31, ------------------- 1999 1998 -------- --------- Computer equipment................................. $ 6,688 $ 1,352 Furniture and fixtures............................. 1,972 259 Leasehold improvements............................. 1,531 241 -------- --------- 10,191 1,852 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization..... 1,831 379 -------- --------- $ 8,360 $ 1,473 ======== ========= 68 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 Other income (expense), net consisted of the following (in thousands): YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ------------------------ 1999 1998 1997 -------- ------- ------ Interest income........................................................... $ 1,419 $ 324 $ 59 Interest expense.......................................................... (520) (53) (2) Interest expense from warrants issued in connection with bridge loans..... (1,559) (35) -- Other..................................................................... (84) (9) -- -------- ------- ------ $ (744) $ 227 $ 57 ======== ======= ====== 4. NOTES PAYABLE The Company maintained a line of credit providing for borrowings of up to $3,000,000 and $2,000,000 as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively, to be used for qualified equipment purchases or working capital needs. Borrowings under the line of credit are collateralized by all of the Company's assets and bear interest at the bank's prime rate (8.50% and 7.75% as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively). Total borrowings as of December 31, 1999 and 1998 were $1,187,000 and $720,000, respectively. The line of credit expires on March 2, 2000. As of December 31, 1998, the Company had two commercial loans totalling $1,077,000. These were paid as of December 31, 1999. On May 18, 1999, the Company entered into two term loan obligations totaling $685,000. The loans bear interest at a fixed rate of approximately 14.5% and mature in June 2002. The aggregate principal payments due under these obligations are as follows (in thousands): YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, - ------------------------- 2000................................... $ 237 2001................................... 263 2002................................... 149 ------- $ 649 ======= On October 22, 1999, the Company issued subordinated promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $2,800,000 to entities affiliated with Bay Partners, BankAmerica Ventures and 5S Ventures LLC. Such notes bear interest at an annual rate of 10%. This debt was paid in January 2000. 5. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (a) REINCORPORATION In September 1999, Kana reincorporated into the State of Delaware, effected a two for three reverse stock split of Kana's common stock and preferred stock and increased Kana's authorized common stock to 100,000,000 shares. Kana's common stock has a par value equal to $0.001 per share. The accompanying financial statements have been retroactively restated to reflect the effect of this reincorporation and reverse stock split. (b) INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING On September 21, 1999, Kana consummated its initial public offering in which it sold 7,590,000 shares of common stock, including 990,000 shares in connection with the exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option, at $7.50 per share. Kana received approximately $51.0 million in cash, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering costs. The net proceeds were predominately held in short-term municipal securities and commercial paper at December 31, 1999. 69 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 (C) CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK Since inception Kana issued 13,351,107 shares of convertible preferred stock. During 1999, at the time of the Connectify merger, 11,581,379 shares were converted to common stock and, 1,769,728 shares were converted to common stock at the initial public offering at a ratio of 1 share of preferred stock for 2 shares of common stock. (D) COMMON STOCK The Company has issued to founders 10,994,398 shares of common stock, which are subject to repurchase on termination of employment. Such repurchase rights lapse in a series of equal monthly installments over a four year period ending in June 2000 and May 2002. As of December 31, 1999, 2,401,412 shares were subject to repurchase. During 1997, the Company repurchased a net of 833,332 shares from one founder at the original exercise price of $0.00005 per share. Certain option holders have exercised options to purchase shares of restricted common stock in exchange for five-year full recourse promissory notes. The notes bear interest at 5.7% and expire on various dates through 2004. The Company has the right to repurchase all unvested shares purchased by the notes at the original exercise price in the event of employee termination. The number of shares subject to this repurchase right decreases as the shares vest under the original option terms, generally over four years. As of December 31, 1999, there were 6,699,794 shares subject to repurchase. These options were exercised at prices ranging from $0.02 to $4.50 with a weighted-average exercise price of $3.29 per share. (E) STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS The Company's 1997 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan (the 1997 Plan) provides for stock options to be granted to employees, independent contractors, officers, and directors. Options are generally granted at an exercise price equivalent to the estimated fair market value per share at the date of grant, as determined by the Company's Board of Directors. All options are granted at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and have a term not greater than 10 years from the date of grant. Options are immediately exercisable and generally vest over four years, 25% one year after the grant date and the remainder at a rate of 1/36 per month thereafter. Connectify's 1998 Stock Plan, netDialog's 1997 Stock Plan and BEI's 1999 Stock Plan have similar terms as those of the 1997 Plan. Outstanding options under all these plans were assumed in the merger. On July 7, 1999, the Company's Board of Directors approved the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan (the 1999 Plan), which will serve as the successor plan to the 1997 Plan. The Board of Directors also approved a 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the 1999 ESPP). These plans became effective immediately prior to the IPO. The common stock reserved for future issuances under these plans was 18% of the shares of common stock outstanding immediately after the IPO. Additionally, the share reserve in each plan will automatically increase on the first trading day in January each year, beginning with calendar year 2000, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the number of shares initially reserved for such increase in each respective plan, (ii) 4.25% and 0.75% of the then outstanding shares for the 1999 Plan and the 1999 ESPP, respectively, or (iii) an amount determined by the Board of Directors. The 1999 ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of an employee's compensation. The 1999 ESPP currently has a two-year offering period that ends in October 2001. The purchase price of the common stock will be equal to 85% of the fair market value per share on the participant's entry date into the offering period, or, if lower, 85% of fair market value per share on each semi-annual purchase date. The 1999 ESPP qualifies as an employee stock purchase plan under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. No shares have been issued from the 1999 ESPP as of December 31, 1999. In December 1999, the board of directors approved the 1999 Special Stock Option Plan and 1,000,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under this plan. The Special Stock Option Plan has similar terms as those of the 1997 plan, except that options may be granted with an exercise price less than, equal to, or greater than the fair market value of the option shares on the grant date. 70 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 A summary of stock option activity follows: WEIGHTED SHARES AVERAGE AVAILABLE NUMBER EXERCISE FOR GRANT OF SHARES PRICE ------------- ------------- ---------- Balances, December 31, 1996............................................. -- -- $ -- Additional shares authorized....................................... 7,434,222 -- -- Options granted.................................................... (3,503,810) 3,503,810 0.03 Options exercised.................................................. -- (106,666) 0.01 Options canceled................................................... -- -- -- ------------- ------------- Balances, December 31, 1997............................................. 3,930,412 3,397,144 0.03 Additional shares authorized....................................... 3,825,842 -- -- Options granted.................................................... (3,004,420) 3,004,420 0.13 Options exercised.................................................. -- (5,394,478) 0.04 Options canceled................................................... 230,770 (230,770) 0.12 ------------- ------------- Balances, December 31, 1998............................................. 4,982,604 776,316 0.19 Additional shares authorized....................................... 11,976,310 -- -- Options granted.................................................... (9,394,740) 9,394,740 6.24 Options exercised.................................................. -- (6,096,242) 1.01 Options canceled................................................... 303,698 (303,698) 14.88 ------------- ------------- Balances, December 31, 1999............................................. 7,867,872 3,771,116 12.71 ============= ============= The following table summarizes information about fixed stock options outstanding at December 31, 1999: OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE ----------------------------------- ------------------------ WEIGHTED AVERAGE WEIGHTED WEIGHTED REMAINING AVERAGE AVERAGE NUMBER OF CONTRACTUAL EXERCISE NUMBER OF EXERCISE SHARES LIFE PPRICE SHARES PRICE ----------- ----------- --------- ------------- --------- $0.02............................................. 33,332 7.3 $ 0.02 33,332 $ 0.02 $0.03--$0.18...................................... 104,796 9.2 $ 0.17 104,796 $ 0.17 $0.26--$0.34...................................... 10,666 9.3 $ 0.34 10,666 $ 0.34 $1.81--$2.25...................................... 590,048 9.6 $ 2.16 486,058 $ 2.23 $3.38--$4.50...................................... 491,598 9.6 $ 4.45 491,598 $ 4.45 $7.50............................................. 1,346,730 9.7 $ 7.50 60,000 $ 7.50 $15.00............................................ 738,264 10.0 $ 15.00 -- -- $31.63--$40.57.................................... 304,400 9.8 $ 39.62 -- -- $73.50--$85.24.................................... 151,282 9.9 $ 73.64 -- -- ----------- ------------- $0.02--$85.24..................................... 3,771,116 9.1 $ 12.71 1,186,450 $ 3.15 =========== ============= The Company uses the intrinsic-value method in accounting for its stock- based compensation plans. Accordingly, compensation cost has been recognized in the financial statements for those options issued with exercise prices at less than fair value at date of grant. With respect to the stock options granted from inception through December 31, 1999, the Company recorded deferred stock-based compensation of $97.0 million for the difference at the grant date between the exercise price and the fair value of the common stock underlying the options. Subsequent to the consummation of the BEI and netDialog acquisitions, the Company granted 698,264 under the 1999 Special Stock Option Plan options to certain employees hired from the acquired companies for an exercise price below the fair market value of the common stock. These options were immediately vested on the date of grant and 50% of the options can be exercised 15 months after the grant date and the remaining 50% of the options can be exercised 30 months after the grant date, provided the individual remains an employee of the Company. If the employee is terminated prior to these dates, the options can be exercised after 9.5 years. The difference between the 71 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 fair market value of the underlying common stock and the exercise price of the options was recorded as compensation expense in the fourth quarter of 1999 in the amount of approximately $60,372,000. Pursuant to SFAS No. 123, the Company is required to disclose the pro forma effects on net loss and net loss per share data as if the Company had elected to use the fair value approach to account for its employee stock-based compensation plans. Had compensation costs been determined in accordance with SFAS No. 123 for all of the Company's stock-based compensation plans, net loss and basic and diluted net loss per share would not have been materially impacted for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998. Had compensation cost for the Company's plans been determined consistent with the fair value approach enumerated in SFAS No. 123, the Company's net loss and net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 1999 would have been as indicated below (in thousands): YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 ------------- Net loss: As reported........................................ $ (118,743) Pro forma.......................................... $ (124,603) Basic and diluted net loss per share: As reported........................................ $ (4.61) Pro forma.......................................... $ (4.83) The fair value of the Company's stock-based awards was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted average assumptions: OPTIONS ESPP ----------------------------- ------------------------------ INTEREST INTEREST RATE TERM VOLATILITY RATE TERM VOLATILITY --------- ------ ---------- --------- -------- ---------- 1999--Post IPO............................ 5.45% 3 yrs 100% 5.14% 6 mths 100% 1999--Pre IPO............................. 5.30% 3 -- -- -- -- 1998..................................... 5.15% 3 -- -- -- -- 1997..................................... 6.22% 3 -- -- -- -- The weighted average fair value of the employee stock purchase rights granted under the 1999 ESPP during 1999 was $6.55. The weighted average fair value and exercise price of the options granted in 1997, 1998, and 1999 are as follows: WEIGHTED AVERAGE WEIGHTED AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE FAIR VALUE ------------------------- ------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 1999 1998 1997 -------- ------- ------- -------- ------ ------- Exercise price equals fair value on grant date............ $ 24.67 $ -- $ -- $ 15.94 $ -- $ -- Exercise price exceeds fair value on grant date........... 2.71 $ 0.13 $ 0.03 12.83 0.13 0.03 Total options............................................. $ 6.24 $ 0.13 $ 0.03 $ 13.39 $0.13 $ 0.03 ======== ======= ======= ======== ====== ======= (F) WARRANTS In connection with the Series A preferred stock issuance, the Company issued a warrant to two investors to purchase 89,744 shares of Series A preferred stock with an exercise price of $0.20 per share. The warrants were exercisable any time prior to April 7, 1998. The fair value of the warrants computed using the Black-Scholes option pricing model on the date of grant was not material. In lieu of paying cash upon exercise of the warrants in 1998, the warrant holders surrendered 43,209 shares of Series A preferred stock back to the Company. In connection with the issuance of convertible notes payable of $300,000, Connectify issued warrants to purchase 48,314 shares of common stock for $1.25 per share in August 1998. Such warrants were exercised at the time of the initial public offering. Using the Black-Scholes pricing model, the Company determined that the fair value of the warrants was $35,000 at the date of grant. Accordingly, following the conversion of the convertible notes payable in 1998, the Company recorded $35,000 of interest expense associated with the warrants. 72 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 In connection with its convertible debt offerings, netDialog issued warrants to purchase preferred stock. The warrants were initially exercisable into an amount of preferred stock equal to 10% of the value of the convertible debt outstanding. As long as the convertible debt remained outstanding, the amount of preferred stock into which the warrants could be exercised increased in tranches of 3.33% of the value of the debt every two or three months following the initial grant date up to a maximum of an additional 10% of the debt value. The fair value of each tranche of warrants was measured at each date the exercise terms of the warrants changed. The fair value of the warrants was treated as a discount on the convertible debt and recorded as interest expense. In connection with the acquisition of netDialog, all warrants issued under the arrangement were converted into approximately 74,000 shares of Kana common stock at an exercise price of $12.13 per share, of which, approximately 10,000 shares of Kana common stock were surrendered back to the Company in lieu of paying cash. The full value of the warrants of approximately $1.6 million was expensed during the year ended December 31, 1999. 6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (A) LEASE OBLIGATIONS On June 18, 1999, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a new facility. Payments under this lease began in November 1999. The Company leases its facilities under noncancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through October 2006. In connection with its existing leases, the Company entered into three letters for credit totalling $1,645,000, expiring in 2000 and 2001. The letters of credit are secured by certificates of deposit. Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 1999, were as follows (in thousands): OPERATING YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, LEASES - ------------------------- ---------- 2000........................................................................................... $ 2,587 2001........................................................................................... 2,487 2002........................................................................................... 2,554 2003........................................................................................... 2,196 2004........................................................................................... 2,189 Thereafter..................................................................................... 4,599 ---------- $ 16,612 ========== Rent expense, net of sublease payments, was approximately $1,620,000, $604,000 and $85,000 for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Sublease payments were approximately $212,000, $140,000 and -0- in the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The Company's sublease and the underlying lease arrangements expired in December 1999. (B) LITIGATION On October 8, 1999, Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. (Genesys) filed a complaint against Kana in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Genesys alleges that Kana's Customer Messaging System 3.0 infringes upon one or more claims of a Genesys patent. Genesys is seeking relief in the forms of an injunction, damages, punitive damages, attorneys' fees, costs and pre- and post-judgment interest. The litigation is currently in its early stages and Kana has not received material information or documentation. Kana intends to fight this claim vigorously and does not expect it to materially impact its results from operations. Kana is not currently a party to any other material legal proceedings. 73 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 7. INCOME TAXES The 1999, 1998 and 1997 income tax benefit differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 34% to pretax loss as a result of the following (in thousands): YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, -------------------------------- 1999 1998 1997 ----------- --------- -------- Federal tax benefit at statutory rate.......................................... $ (40,372) $ (4,284) $ (528) Stock compensation expense..................................................... 27,222 432 -- Merger costs................................................................... 726 -- -- Current year foreign losses, no tax benefit recognized......................... 486 -- -- Current year net operating losses and temporary differences, no tax benefit recognized.................................................................. 11,896 3,172 478 S corporation income, no tax effect............................................ -- 123 12 Other permanent differences.................................................... 42 557 38 ----------- --------- -------- Total tax expense........................................................... $ -- $ -- $ -- =========== ========= ======== The types of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are set out below (in thousands): YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, -------------------- 1999 1998 --------- --------- Deferred tax assets: Accruals and reserves................................................................ $ 2,489 $ 1,065 Plant and equipment.................................................................. -- 2 Net operating loss and credit carryforwards.......................................... 18,020 4,409 --------- Gross deferred tax assets................................................................. 20,509 5,476 Valuation allowance....................................................................... (20,469) (5,459) --------- --------- Total deferred tax assets.......................................................... 40 17 Deferred tax liabilities: Plant and equipment.................................................................. (40) (17) --------- --------- Total deferred tax liabilities..................................................... (40) (17) --------- --------- Net deferred tax assets (liabilities).............................................. $ -- $ -- ========= ========= The net change in the valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 1999 was an increase of approximately $15,010,000. Management believes that sufficient uncertainty exists as to whether the deferred tax assets will be realized, and accordingly, a valuation allowance is required. As of December 31, 1999, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $43,969,000 and $34,621,000, respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforwards, if not offset against future taxable income, will expire from 2011 through 2019. The state net operating loss carryforwards, if not offset against future taxable income, expire from 2003 through 2004. As of December 31, 1999, unused research and development tax credits of approximately $623,000 and $425,000 were available to reduce future federal and state income taxes, respectively. Federal credit carryforwards expire from 2011 through 2019. The Company also has an unused California manufacturers' investment credit of approximately $15,000. The California manufacturers' investment credit, if not utilized, will expire in 2008. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 imposes substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating losses and tax credits in the event of an "ownership change" as defined. Some of the U.S. federal and California net operating loss carryforwards are subject to limitation as a result of these restrictions. The ownership change restrictions are not expected to impair the Company's ability to utilize the affected carryforward items. If there should be a subsequent ownership change, as defined, of the Company, its ability to utilize its carryforwards could be reduced. 74 KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 8. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On January 10, 2000, the Company announced that its Board of Directors has approved a two-for-one stock split of its common stock. The split will be effected in the form of a stock dividend. Stockholders will receive one additional share for each share held of record at the end of business on January 28, 2000. Shares resulting from the split were distributed by the transfer agent in February 2000. The accompanying financial statements have been retroactively restated to reflect the effect of this stock split. On February 6, 2000, the Company, Pistol Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned, subsidiary of Kana, and Silknet Software, Inc. ("Silknet") entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization. As a result of the merger, each outstanding share of Silknet common stock will be converted into the right to acquire 1.66 shares of Kana common stock. In addition, all outstanding options and warrants to purchase Silknet common stock will be assumed by Kana, adjusted for the exchange ratio. On a fully diluted basis, Kana will issue (or reserve) approximately 32.8 million shares of its common stock having a value of approximately $4.2 billion based on Kana's closing stock price on February 4, 2000. The transaction will be accounted for as a purchase. On February 11, 2000, the Company entered into an agreement to lease approximately 62,500 square feet under a lease that expires in December 2010. The annual base rent for this facility for the first year is approximately $2.4 million. The total lease obligation pursuant to this lease is $28.3 million. 75 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT ON SCHEDULE The Board of Directors and Stockholders Kana Communications, Inc.: The audits referred to in our report included herein dated January 20, 2000, except as to Note 8, which is as of February 11, 2000, included the accompanying financial statement schedule as of December 31, 1999, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1999. The financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statement schedule based on our audits. In our opinion, the accompanying financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein. /s/ KPMG LLP ------------------------------- Mountain View, California January 20, 2000 76 SCHEDULE II--VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS KANA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. BALANCE AT CHARGED BALANCE AT BEGINNING TO END OF OF PERIOD REVENUES DEDUCTIONS YEAR ----------- --------- ----------- ---------- Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Year ended December 31, 1999.............................. $ 110 $ 156 $ -- $ 366 Year ended December 31, 1998.............................. -- 110 -- 110 Year ended December 31, 1997.............................. -- -- -- -- 77 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Redwood City, State of California, on this 28th day of August, 2000. Kana Communications, Inc. By: /S/ MICHAEL J. MCCLOSKEY ----------------------------- Michael J. McCloskey CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this annual report has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. SIGNATURE TITLE DATE --------- ----- ---- /S/ MICHAEL J. MCCLOSKEY Chief Executive Officer and August 28, 2000 - -------------------------------------------- Chairman of the Board of Directors Michael J. McCloskey (Principal Executive Officer) /S/ JAMES C. WOOD President and Director August 28, 2000 - -------------------------------------------- James C. Wood /S/ BRIAN K. ALLEN Chief Financial Officer August 28, 2000 - -------------------------------------------- (Principal Financial and Accounting Brian K. Allen Officer) * Director August 28, 2000 - -------------------------------------------- David M. Beirne * Director August 28, 2000 - -------------------------------------------- Robert W. Frick * Director August 28, 2000 - -------------------------------------------- Mark S. Gainey * Director August 28, 2000 - -------------------------------------------- Eric A. Hahn * Director August 28, 2000 - -------------------------------------------- Dr. Charles A. Holloway * Director August 28, 2000 - -------------------------------------------- Steven T. Jurvetson * By Michael J. McCloskey as Attorney in Fact 78