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EXHIBIT 3.5
BYLAWS
OF
JDS UNIPHASE CORPORATION
(FORMERLY UNIPHASE CORPORATION)
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. Registered Office.
The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be
in the City of Dover, County of Kent.
Section 2. Other Offices.
The corporation shall also have and maintain an office or principal place
of business at 163 Baypointe Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, and may also
have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware
as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the
corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS
Section 1. Place of Meetings.
(a) Meetings of stockholders may be held at such place, either within or
without this State, as may be designated by or in the manner provided in these
Bylaws or, if not so designated, as determined by the Board of Directors. The
Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall
not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote
communication as authorized by paragraph (b) of this Section 1.
(b) If authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and
subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt,
stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of
stockholders may, by means of remote communication:
(1) Participate in a meeting of stockholders; and
(2) Be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders
whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of
remote communication, provided that (A) the corporation shall implement
reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to
vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or
proxyholder, (B) the corporation shall
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implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxyholders a
reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters
submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the
proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and
(C) if any stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting
by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be
maintained by the corporation.
(c) For purposes of this Section 1, "remote communication" shall mean
electronic mail or other forms of written or visual electronic communication
satisfying the requirements of Section 11(b).
Section 2. Annual Meetings.
The annual meetings of the stockholders of the corporation, commencing with
the year 1994, for the purpose of election of directors and for such other
business as may lawfully come before it, shall be held on such date and at such
time as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Section 3. Special Meetings.
Special Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for
any purpose or purposes, by the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive
Officer or the Board of Directors at any time, subject to the rights of the
holders of any stock having a preference over the common stock as to dividends
or liquidation. Stockholders are not permitted to call a special meeting or to
require the Board of Directors to call a special meeting of stockholders.
Section 4. Notice of Meetings.
(a) Except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of
Incorporation, written notice of each meeting of stockholders, specifying the
place, if any, date and hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting, and the
means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders
may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, shall be given
not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting to
each stockholder entitled to vote thereat, directed to his address as it appears
upon the books of the corporation; except that where the matter to be acted on
is a merger or consolidation of the Corporation or a sale, lease or exchange of
all or substantially all of its assets, such notice shall be given not less than
twenty nor more than sixty days prior to such meeting.
(b) If at any meeting action is proposed to be taken which, if taken,
would entitle stockholders fulfilling the requirements of Section 262(d) of the
Delaware General Corporation Law to an appraisal of the fair value of their
shares, the notice of such meeting shall contain a statement of that purpose and
to that effect and shall be accompanied by a copy of that statutory section.
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(c) When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not
be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the
means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders
may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting, are
announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken unless the
adjournment is for more than thirty days, or unless after the adjournment a new
record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, in which event a notice of the
adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote
at the meeting.
(d) Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders
may be waived in writing, either before or after such meeting, and, to the
extent permitted by law, will be waived by any stockholder by his attendance
thereat, in person or by proxy. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such
meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as
if due notice thereof had been given.
(e) Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given
effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the corporation
under any provision of this chapter, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these
Bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission
consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any such consent
shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the corporation. Any
such consent shall be deemed revoked if (i) the corporation is unable to deliver
by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the corporation in
accordance with such consent, and (ii) such inability becomes known to the
secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation or to the transfer agent
or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, the
inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate
any meeting or other action. Notice given pursuant to this subparagraph (e)
shall be deemed given: (1) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a
number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (2) if by
electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the
stockholder has consented to receive notice; (3) if by a posting on an
electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such
specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such
separate notice; and (4) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when
directed to the stockholder. An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant
secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the corporation that the
notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence
of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. For purposes of
these Bylaws, "electronic transmission" means any form of communication, not
directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record
that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that
may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an
automated process.
Section 5. Quorum and Voting.
(a) At all meetings of stockholders, except where otherwise provided by
law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, the presence, in person
or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding
shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction
of business. Shares, the voting of which at
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said meeting have been enjoined, or which for any reason cannot be lawfully
voted at such meeting, shall not be counted to determine a quorum at said
meeting. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of stockholders may be
adjourned, from time to time, by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares
represented thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting.
At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented any
business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original
meeting. The stockholders present at a duly called or convened meeting, at which
a quorum is present, may continue to transact business until adjournment,
notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a
quorum.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation
or these Bylaws, all action taken by the holders of a majority of the voting
power represented at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be valid and
binding upon the corporation.
Section 6. Voting Rights.
(a) Except as otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names
shares entitled to vote stand on the stock records of the corporation on the
record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting
shall be entitled to vote at such meeting. Shares standing in the names of two
or more persons shall be voted or represented in accordance with the
determination of the majority of such persons, or, if only one of such persons
is present in person or represented by proxy, such person shall have the right
to vote such shares and such shares shall be deemed to be represented for the
purpose of determining a quorum.
(b) Every person entitled to vote or to execute consents shall have the
right to do so either in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a written
proxy executed by such person or his duly authorized agent, which proxy shall be
filed with the Secretary of the corporation at or before the meeting at which it
is to be used. Said proxy so appointed need not be a stockholder. No proxy shall
be voted on after three (3) years from its date unless the proxy provides for a
longer period. Unless and until voted, every proxy shall be revocable at the
pleasure of the person who executed it or of his legal representatives or
assigns, except in those cases where an irrevocable proxy permitted by statute
has been given.
(c) Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize
another person or persons to act for him as proxy pursuant to subsection (b) of
this section, the following shall constitute a valid means by which a
stockholder may grant such authority:
(1) A stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or
persons to act for him as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the
stockholder or his authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing such
writing or causing his or her signature to be affixed to such writing by any
reasonable means including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature.
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(2) A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for
him as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telephone,
telegram, cablegram or other means of electronic transmission to the person who
will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support
service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the
holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such
telephone transmission, telegram, cablegram or other means of electronic
transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which
it can be determined that the telephone transmission, telegram, cablegram or
other electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. Such
authorization can be established by the signature of the stockholder on the
proxy, either in writing or by a signature stamp or facsimile signature, or by a
number or symbol from which the identity of the stockholder can be determined,
or by any other procedure deemed appropriate by the inspectors or other persons
making the determination as to due authorization. If it is determined that such
telephone transmissions, telegrams, cablegrams or other electronic transmissions
are valid, the inspectors or, if there are no inspectors, such other persons
making that determination shall specify the information upon which they relied.
(d) Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction
of the writing or transmission created pursuant to subsection (c) of this
Section may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or
transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or
transmission could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication
or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original
writing or transmission.
Section 7. Voting Procedures and Inspectors of Elections.
(a) The corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders,
appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report
thereof. The corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate
inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or
alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at
the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each
inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign
an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality
and according to the best of his ability.
(b) The inspectors shall (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding
and the voting power of each, (ii) determine the shares represented at a meeting
and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv)
determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any
challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their
determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting, and their
count of all votes and ballots. The inspectors may appoint or retain other
persons or entities to assist the inspectors in the performance of the duties of
the inspectors.
(c) The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each
matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at
the
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meeting. No ballot, proxies or votes, nor any revocations thereof or changes
thereto, shall be accepted by the Inspectors after the closing of the polls
unless the Court of Chancery upon application by a stockholder shall determine
otherwise.
(d) In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots, the
inspectors shall be limited to an examination of the proxies, any envelopes
submitted with those proxies, any information provided in accordance with
Section 212(c)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, ballots and the
regular books and records of the corporation, except that the inspectors may
consider other reliable information for the limited purpose of reconciling
proxies and ballots submitted by or on behalf of banks, brokers, their nominees
or similar persons which represent more votes than the holder of a proxy is
authorized by the record owner to cast or more votes than the stockholder holds
of record. If the inspectors consider other reliable information for the limited
purpose permitted herein, the inspectors at the time they make their
certification pursuant to subsection (b)(v) of this section shall specify the
precise information considered by them including the person or persons from whom
they obtained the information, when the information was obtained, the means by
which the information was obtained and the basis for the inspectors' belief that
such information is accurate and reliable.
Section 8. List of Stockholders.
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall
prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in
alphabetical order, showing the address of and the number of shares registered
in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of
any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary
business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either
at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held and which place shall
be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not specified, at the place
where said meeting is to be held, and the list shall be produced and kept at the
time and place of meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by
any stockholder who is present.
Section 9. Stockholder Proposals at Annual Meetings.
At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be
conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly
brought before an annual meeting, business must be specified in the notice of
meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors, otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction
of the Board of Directors, or otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a
stockholder. In addition to any other applicable requirements for business to be
properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must
have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation.
To be timely a stockholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed and received
at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than 30 days nor
more than 60 days prior to the meeting; provided, however, that in the event
that less than 40 days' notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the
meeting is given or
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made to stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received
not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which
such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public
disclosure was made. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth as
to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a
brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual
meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii)
the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii)
the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned
by the stockholder, and (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such
business.
Notwithstanding anything in the Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall
be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set
forth in Section 1 and this Section 9, provided, however, that nothing in this
Section 9 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any
business properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with said
procedure.
The Chairman of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine
and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the
meeting in accordance with the provisions of Section 1 and this Section 9, and
if he should so determine he shall so declare to the meeting, and any such
business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.
Section 10. Nominations of Persons for Election to the Board of Directors.
In addition to any other applicable requirements, only persons who are
nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for
election as directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of
Directors of the corporation may be made at a meeting of stockholders by or at
the direction of the Board of Directors, by any nominating committee or person
appointed by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the corporation
entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting who complies with
the notice procedures set forth in this Section 10. Such nominations, other than
those made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made
pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be
timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to or mailed and received at
the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than 30 days nor
more than 60 days prior to the meeting; provided, however, that in the event
that less than 40 days notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the
meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely
must be so received not later than the close of business on the 10th day
following the day on which such notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or
such public disclosure was made. Such stockholder's notice shall set forth (a)
as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or
re-election as a director, (i) the name, age, business address and residence
address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the
person, (iii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are
beneficially owned by the person, and (iv) any other information relating to the
person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations for proxies for
election of directors pursuant to Rule 14a under the Securities Exchange Act
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of 1934; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice, (i) the name and
record address of the stockholder, and (ii) the class and number of shares of
the corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder. The corporation
may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may
reasonably be required by the corporation to determine the eligibility of such
proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation. No person shall be
eligible for election as a director of the corporation unless nominated in
accordance with the procedures set forth herein. These provisions shall not
apply to nomination of any persons entitled to be separately elected by holders
of preferred stock.
The Chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the
foregoing procedure, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the
meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
Section 11. Action Without Meeting.
(a) Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any
action required by statute to be taken at any annual or special meeting of
stockholders of the corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual
or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without
prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing setting
forth the action so taken are signed by the holders of outstanding stock having
not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize
or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon
were present and voted. To be effective, a written consent must be delivered to
the corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware, its principal
place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of
the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery
made to a corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or
registered mail, return receipt requested. Every written consent shall bear the
date of signature of each stockholder who signs the consent, and no written
consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein
unless, within sixty days of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner
required by this Section to the corporation, written consents signed by a
sufficient number of holders to take action are delivered to the corporation in
accordance with this Section. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate
action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given
to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.
(b) A telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission consent to an
action to be taken and transmitted by a stockholder or proxyholder, or by a
person or persons authorized to act for a stockholder or proxyholder, shall be
deemed to be written, signed and dated for the purposes of this Section,
provided that any such telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission sets
forth or is delivered with information from which the corporation can determine
(i) that the telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was
transmitted by the stockholder or proxyholder or by a person or persons
authorized to act for the stockholder or proxyholder, and (ii) the date on which
such stockholder or proxyholder or authorized person or persons transmitted such
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telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission. The date on which such telegram,
cablegram or electronic transmission is transmitted shall be deemed to be the
date on which such consent was signed. No consent given by telegram, cablegram
or other electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been delivered until
such consent is reproduced in paper form and until such paper form shall be
delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in this State,
its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having
custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are
recorded. Delivery made to a corporation's registered office shall be made by
hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.
Notwithstanding the foregoing limitations on delivery, consents given by
telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission may be otherwise delivered
to the principal place of business of the corporation or to an officer or agent
of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings
of stockholders are recorded if to the extent and in the manner provided by
resolution of the Board of Directors of the corporation.
(c) Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in
writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and
all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such
copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the
entire original writing.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. Number and Term of Office.
The number of directors which shall constitute the whole of the Board of
Directors shall be twelve (12). With the exception of the first Board of
Directors, which shall be elected by the incorporators, and except as provided
in Section 3 of this Article III, the directors shall be elected by a plurality
vote of the shares represented in person or by proxy, at the stockholders annual
meeting in each year and entitled to vote on the election of directors. Elected
directors shall hold office until their successors shall be duly elected and
qualified. Directors need not be stockholders. If, for any cause, the Board of
Directors shall not have been elected at an annual meeting, they may be elected
as soon thereafter as convenient at a special meeting of the stockholders called
for that purpose in the manner provided in these Bylaws.
Section 2. Powers.
The powers of the corporation shall be exercised, its business conducted
and its property controlled by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
Section 3. Vacancies.
Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in
the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors
then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director,
and each director so elected
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shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose
place shall be vacant, and until his successor shall have been duly elected and
qualified. A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist under
this section in the case of the death, removal or resignation of any director,
or if the stockholders fail at any meeting of stockholders at which directors
are to be elected (including any meeting referred to in Section 4 below) to
elect the number of directors then constituting the whole Board.
Section 4. Resignations and Removals.
(a) Any director may resign at any time by delivering his written
resignation to the Secretary, such resignation to specify whether it will be
effective at a particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at the pleasure
of the Board of Directors. If no such specification is made it shall be deemed
effective at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. When one or more directors
shall resign from the Board, effective at a future date, a majority of the
directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power
to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such
resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen
shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose
place shall be vacated and until his successor shall have been duly elected and
qualified.
(b) At a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose in the
manner hereinabove provided, the Board of Directors, or any individual director,
may be removed from office, with or without cause, and a new director or
directors elected by a vote of stockholders holding a majority of the
outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.
Section 5. Meetings.
(a) The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately
after the annual stockholders' meeting and at the place where such meeting is
held or at the place announced by the Chairman at such meeting. No notice of an
annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be necessary and such meeting
shall be held for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other
business as may lawfully come before it.
(b) Except as hereinafter otherwise provided, regular meetings of the
Board of Directors shall be held in the office of the corporation required to be
maintained pursuant to Section 2 of Article I hereof. Regular meetings of the
Board of Directors may also be held at any place within or without the State of
Delaware which has been designated by resolutions of the Board of Directors or
the written consent of all directors.
(c) Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and
place within or without the State of Delaware whenever called by the Chairman of
the Board or, if there is no Chairman of the Board, by the President, or by any
of the directors.
(d) Written notice of the time and place of all regular and special
meetings of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally to each
director or sent by telegram
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or facsimile transmission at least 48 hours before the start of the meeting, or
sent by first class mail at least 120 hours before the start of the meeting.
Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing at any time before or after the
meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat.
Section 6. Quorum and Voting.
(a) A quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the
exact number of directors fixed from time to time in accordance with Section I
of Article III of these Bylaws, but not less than one; provided, however, at any
meeting whether a quorum be present or otherwise, a majority of the directors
present may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular
meeting of the Board of Directors, without notice other than by announcement at
the meeting.
(b) At each meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present all
questions and business shall be determined by a vote of a majority of the
directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the Certificate
of Incorporation, or these Bylaws.
(c) Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may
participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone or similar
communication equipment by means of which all persons participating in the
meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means shall
constitute presence in person at such meeting.
(d) The transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any
committee thereof, however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall be as
valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a
quorum be present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the
directors not present shall sign a written waiver of notice, or a consent to
holding such meeting, or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers,
consents or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part
of the minutes of the meeting.
Section 7. Action Without Meeting.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these
Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board
of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all
members of the Board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto
in writing, and such writing or writings are filed with the minutes of
proceedings of the Board or committee.
Section 8. Fees and Compensation.
Directors and members of committees may receive such compensation, if any,
for their services, and such reimbursement for expenses, as may be fixed or
determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 9. Committees.
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(a) Executive Committee: The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed
by a majority of the whole Board, appoint an Executive Committee of not less
than one member, each of whom shall be a director. The Executive Committee, to
the extent permitted by law, shall have and may exercise when the Board of
Directors is not in session all powers of the Board in the management of the
business and affairs of the corporation, including, without limitation, the
power and authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock,
except such committee shall not have the power or authority to amend the
Certificate of Incorporation, to adopt an agreement or merger or consolidation,
to recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or
substantially all of the corporation's property and assets, to recommend to the
stockholders of the Corporation a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation
of a dissolution, or to amend these Bylaws.
(b) Other Committees: The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by
a majority of the whole Board, from time to time appoint such other committees
as may be permitted by law. Such other committees appointed by the Board of
Directors shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by
the resolution or resolutions creating such committee, but in no event shall any
such committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in these
Bylaws.
(c) Term: The members of all committees of the Board of Directors shall
serve a term coexistent with that of the Board of Directors which shall have
appointed such committee. The Board, subject to the provisions of subsections
(a) or (b) of this Section 9, may at any time increase or decrease the number of
members of a committee or terminate the existence of a committee; provided, that
no committee shall consist of less than one member. The membership of a
committee member shall terminate on the date of his death or voluntary
resignation, but the Board may at any time for any reason remove any individual
committee member and the Board may fill any committee vacancy created by death,
resignation, removal or increase in the number of members of the committee. The
Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of
any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting
of the committee, and, in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any
member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and
not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may
unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the
meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.
(d) Meetings: Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide,
regular meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee appointed
pursuant to this Section 9 shall be held at such times and places as are
determined by the Board of Directors, or by any such committee, and when notice
thereof has been given to each member of such committee, no further notice of
such regular meetings need be given thereafter; special meetings of any such
committee may be held at the principal office of the corporation required to be
maintained pursuant to Section 2 of Article I hereof; or at any place which has
been designated from time to time by resolution of such committee or by written
consent of all members thereof, and may be called by any director who is a
member of such committee, upon written notice to the members of such committee
of the
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time and place of such special meeting given in the manner provided for the
giving of written notice to members of the Board of Directors of the time and
place of special meetings of the Board of Directors. Notice of any special
meeting of any committee may be waived in writing at any time after the meeting
and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat. A majority of the
authorized number of members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum for
the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of those present at any
meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such committee.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. Officers Designated.
The officers of the corporation shall be a Chairman of the Board of
Directors and a President, each of whom shall be a member of the Board of
Directors, and one or more Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer. The
order of the seniority of the Vice Presidents shall be in the order of their
nomination, unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors or the Chairman of the Board or the President may also appoint one or
more assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers, and such other officers and
agents with such powers and duties as it or he shall deem necessary. The Board
of Directors may assign such additional titles to one or more of the officers as
they shall deem appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of offices of
the corporation at any one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law.
The salaries and other compensation of the officers of the corporation shall be
fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Tenure and Duties of Officers.
(a) General: All officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board
of Directors and until their successors shall have been duly elected and
qualified, unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board
of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. If the office
of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the
Board of Directors. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be construed as creating any
kind of contractual right to employment with the corporation.
(b) Duties of the Chairman of the Board of Directors: The Chairman of the
Board of Directors (if there be such an officer appointed) shall preside at all
meetings of the shareholders and the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the
Board of Directors shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as
the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.
(c) Duties of President: The President shall be the chief executive
officer of the corporation (unless the Board of Directors shall designate
otherwise) and shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and at all
meetings of the Board of Directors, unless the Chairman of the Board of
Directors has been appointed and is present. The President
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shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of
Directors shall designate from time to time.
(d) Duties of Vice-Presidents: The Vice-Presidents, in the order of their
seniority, may assume and perform the duties of the President in the absence or
disability of the President or whenever the office of the President is vacant.
The Vice-President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as
the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time.
(e) Duties of Secretary: The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
shareholders and of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof, and shall
record all acts and proceedings thereof in the minute book of the corporation.
The Secretary shall give notice, in conformity with these Bylaws, of all
meetings of the shareholders, and of all meetings of the Board of Directors and
any Committee thereof requiring notice. The Secretary shall perform such other
duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from
time to time. The President may direct any Assistant Secretary to assume and
perform the duties of the Secretary in the absence or disability of the
Secretary, and each Assistant Secretary shall perform such other duties and have
such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate
from time to time.
(f) Duties of Treasurer: The Treasurer shall keep or cause to be kept the
books of account of the corporation in a thorough and proper manner, and shall
render statements of the financial affairs of the corporation in such form and
as often as required by the Board of Directors or the President. The Treasurer,
subject to the order of the Board of Directors, shall have the custody of all
funds and securities of the corporation. The Treasurer shall perform all other
duties commonly incident to his office and shall perform such other duties and
have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall
designate from time to time. The President may direct any Assistant Treasurer to
assume and perform the duties of the Treasurer in the absence or disability of
the Treasurer, and each Assistant Treasurer shall perform such other duties and
have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall
designate from time to time. At the election of the Board of Directors, the
duties of Treasurer shall be performed by a Vice President designated by the
Board of Directors to perform financial functions.
ARTICLE V
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS, AND
VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION
Section 1. Execution of Corporate Instruments.
(a) The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method
and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to
execute any corporate instrument or document, or to sign the corporate name
without limitation, except where otherwise provided by law, and such execution
or signature shall be binding upon the corporation.
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(b) Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Board of Directors or
otherwise required by law, formal contracts of the corporation, promissory
notes, deeds of trust, mortgages and other evidences of indebtedness of the
corporation, and other corporate instruments or documents requiring the
corporate seal, and certificates of shares of stock owned by the corporation,
shall be executed, signed or endorsed by the Chairman of the Board (if there be
such an officer appointed) or by the President; such documents may also be
executed by any Vice-President and by the Secretary or Treasurer or any
Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer. All other instruments and documents
requiring the corporate signature, but not requiring the corporate seal, may be
executed as aforesaid or in such other manner as may be directed by the Board of
Directors.
(c) All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to
the credit of the corporation, or in special accounts of the corporation, shall
be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so
to do.
Section 2. Voting of Securities Owned by Corporation.
All stock and other securities of other corporations owned or held by the
corporation for itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted,
and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized
so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such
authorization, by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer
appointed), or by the President, or by any Vice-President.
ARTICLE VI
SHARES OF STOCK
Section 1. Form and Execution of Certificates.
Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such
form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law.
Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate
signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, the Chairman of the Board (if
there be such an officer appointed), or by the President or any Vice- President
and by the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or Assistant
Secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the corporation. Any
or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any
officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile
signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such
officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may
be issued with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent, or
registrar at the date of issue. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue
more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers,
designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special
rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth
in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the
corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided
that, except as otherwise provided in section 202 of the
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Delaware General Corporation Law, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there
may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation
shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a statement that the
corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the
powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other
special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
Section 2. Lost Certificates.
The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be
issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the
corporation alleged to have been lost or destroyed, upon the making of an
affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be
lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or
certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition
precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost or destroyed
certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to indemnify the
corporation in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a
surety bond in such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any
claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate
alleged to have been lost or destroyed.
Section 3. Transfers.
Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made
only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly
authorized, and upon the surrender of a certificate or certificates for a like
number of shares, properly endorsed.
Section 4. Fixing Record Dates.
(a) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled
to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment
thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall
not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted
by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty
nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is
fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the
close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given,
or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the
date on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record
entitled notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any
adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may
fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
(b) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled
to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board of
Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors, and which date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon
which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by
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the Board of Directors. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of
Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board
of Directors is required by the Delaware General Corporation Law, shall be the
first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or
proposed to be taken is delivered to the corporation by delivery to its
registered office in Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or
agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of
meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation's
registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return
receipt requested. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors
and prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, the record date
for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
(c) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled
to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any
rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful
action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall
not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is
adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty days prior to such
action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders
for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
Section 5. Registered Stockholders.
The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a
person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and
to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or
other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other
person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as
otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
ARTICLE VII
OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION
All bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the corporation,
other than stock certificates, may be signed by the Chairman of the Board (if
there be such an officer appointed), or the President or any Vice- President or
such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors and the
corporate seal impressed thereon or a facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon
and attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the
Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer; provided, however, that where any such
bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual
signature of a trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture
or other corporate security shall be issued, the signature of the persons
signing and attesting the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or other
corporate security may
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be the imprinted facsimile of the signatures of such persons. Interest coupons
appertaining to any such bond, debenture or other corporate security,
authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Treasurer or an
Assistant Treasurer of the corporation, or such other person as may be
authorized by the Board of Directors, or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile
signature of such person. In case any officer who shall have signed or attested
any bond, debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile signature
shall appear thereon or before the bond, debenture or other corporate security
so signed or attested shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other
corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued and
delivered as though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature
shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the
corporation.
ARTICLE VIII
CORPORATE SEAL
The corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the name of the
corporation and the state and date of its incorporation. Said seal may be used
by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or
otherwise.
ARTICLE IX
INDEMNIFICATION OF
OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS
Section 1. Right to Indemnification.
Each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or
is involved (as a party, witness, or otherwise), in any threatened, pending, or
completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative,
or investigative (hereinafter a "Proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he, or
a person of whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer,
employee, or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the
corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation or
of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service
with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of the Proceeding is
alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, or
agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee,
or agent (hereafter an "Agent"), shall be indemnified and held harmless by the
corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation
Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended or interpreted (but, in the
case of any such amendment or interpretation, only to the extent that such
amendment or interpretation permits the corporation to provide broader
indemnification rights than were permitted prior thereto) against all expenses,
liability, and loss (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise
taxes or penalties, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, and any
interest, assessments, or other charges imposed thereon, and any federal, state,
local, or foreign taxes imposed on any Agent as a result of the actual or deemed
receipt of any payments under this Article) reasonably incurred or suffered by
such person in
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connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in, or participating
in (including on appeal), or preparing for any of the foregoing in, any
Proceeding (hereinafter "Expenses"); provided, however, that except as to
actions to enforce indemnification rights pursuant to Section 3 of this Article,
the corporation shall indemnify any Agent seeking indemnification in connection
with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if the
Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the
corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article shall be a
contract right.
Section 2. Authority to Advance Expenses.
Expenses incurred by an officer or director (acting in his capacity as
such) in defending a Proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of
the final disposition of such Proceeding, provided, however, that if required by
the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended, such Expenses shall be
advanced only upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking by or on behalf
of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be
determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as
authorized in this Article or otherwise. Expenses incurred by other Agents of
the corporation (or by the directors or officers not acting in their capacity as
such, including service with respect to employee benefit plans) may be advanced
upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors deems appropriate. Any
obligation to reimburse the corporation for Expense advances shall be unsecured
and no interest shall be charged thereon.
Section 3. Right of Claimant to Bring Suit.
If a claim under Section 1 or 2 of this Article is not paid in full by the
corporation within 120 days after a written claim has been received by the
corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the
corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in
whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense
(including attorneys' fees) of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to
any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses
incurred in defending a Proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the
required undertaking has been tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has
not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under the Delaware
General Corporation Law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the
amount claimed. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of
Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a
determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of
the claimant is proper under the circumstances because he has met the applicable
standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an
actual determination by the corporation (including its Board of Directors,
independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant had not met
such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create
a presumption that claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
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Section 4. Provisions Nonexclusive.
The rights conferred on any person by this Article shall not be exclusive
of any other rights that such person may have or hereafter acquire under any
statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, agreement, vote of
stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise, both as to action in an
official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such
office. To the extent that any provision of the Certificate, agreement, or vote
of the stockholders or disinterested directors is inconsistent with these
bylaws, the provision, agreement, or vote shall take precedence.
Section 5. Authority to Insure.
The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance to protect itself and
any Agent against any Expense, whether or not the corporation would have the
power to indemnify the Agent against such Expense under applicable law or the
provisions of this Article.
Section 6. Survival of Rights.
The rights provided by this Article shall continue as to a person who has
ceased to be an Agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors,
and administrators of such a person.
Section 7. Settlement of Claims.
The corporation shall not be liable to indemnify any Agent under this
Article (a) for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected
without the corporation's written consent, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld; or (b) for any judicial award if the corporation was not
given a reasonable and timely opportunity, at its expense, to participate in the
defense of such action.
Section 8. Effect of Amendment.
Any amendment, repeal, or modification of this Article shall not adversely
affect any right or protection of any Agent existing at the time of such
amendment, repeal, or modification.
Section 9. Subrogation.
In the event of payment under this Article, the corporation shall be
subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the
Agent, who shall execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be
necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents
necessary to enable the corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such
rights.
Section 10. No Duplication of Payments.
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The corporation shall not be liable under this Article to make any payment
in connection with any claim made against the Agent to the extent the Agent has
otherwise actually received payment (under any insurance policy, agreement,
vote, or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder.
ARTICLE X
NOTICES
Whenever, under any provisions of these Bylaws, notice is required to be
given to any stockholder, the same shall be given either (1) in writing, timely
and duly deposited in the United States Mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to
his last known post office address as shown by the stock record of the
corporation or its transfer agent, or (2) by a means of electronic transmission
that satisfies the requirements of Section 4(e) of Article II of these Bylaws,
and has been consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any
notice required to be given to any director may be given by the method
hereinabove stated, or by telegram or other means of electronic transmission,
except that such notice other than one which is delivered personally, shall be
sent to such address or (in the case of facsimile telecommunication) facsimile
telephone number as such director shall have filed in writing with the Secretary
of the corporation, or, in the absence of such filing, to the last known post
office address of such director. If no address of a stockholder or director be
known, such notice may be sent to the office of the corporation required to be
maintained pursuant to Section 2 of Article I hereof. An affidavit of mailing,
executed by a duly authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its
transfer agent appointed with respect to the class of stock affected, specifying
the name and address or the names and addresses of the stockholder or
stockholders, director or directors, to whom any such notice or notices was or
were given, and the time and method of giving the same, shall be conclusive
evidence of the statements therein contained. All notices given by mail, as
above provided, shall be deemed to have been given as at the time of mailing and
all notices given by telegram or other means of electronic transmission shall be
deemed to have been given as at the sending time recorded by the telegraph
company or other electronic transmission equipment operator transmitting the
same. It shall not be necessary that the same method of giving be employed in
respect of all directors, but one permissible method may be employed in respect
of any one or more, and any other permissible method or methods may be employed
in respect of any other or others. The period or limitation of time within which
any stockholder may exercise any option or right, or enjoy any privilege or
benefit, or be required to act, or within which any director may exercise any
power or right, or enjoy any privilege, pursuant to any notice sent him in the
manner above provided, shall not be affected or extended in any manner by the
failure of such a stockholder or such director to receive such notice. Whenever
any notice is required to be given under the provisions of the statutes or of
the Certificate of Incorporation, or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in
writing signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before
or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Whenever
notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or of the Certificate
of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any person with whom
communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be
required and there shall be no duty to apply to any
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governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to
such person. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice
to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force
and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action
taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under
any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate shall
state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to
all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom
communication is unlawful.
ARTICLE XI
AMENDMENTS
These Bylaws may be repealed, altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted by
written consent of stockholders in the manner authorized by Section 8 of Article
II, or at any meeting of the stockholders, either annual or special, by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the stock entitled to vote at such meeting.
The Board of Directors shall also have the authority to repeal, alter or amend
these Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws (including, without limitation, the amendment
of any Bylaws setting forth the number of directors who shall constitute the
whole Board of Directors) by unanimous written consent or at any annual,
regular, or special meeting by the affirmative vote of a majority of the whole
number of directors, subject to the power of the stockholders to change or
repeal such Bylaws and provided that the Board of Directors shall not make or
alter any Bylaws fixing the qualifications, classifications, or term of office
of directors.
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