UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
|_| REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
|X| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001
-----------------
OR
|_| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to
----------
Commission file number 0-30394
Metalink Ltd.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Israel
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Yakum Business Park, Yakum 60972, Israel
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
None None
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Ordinary Shares, NIS 0.1 par value per share
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to
Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes
of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report:
18,296,488 Ordinary Shares, NIS 0.1 par value per share
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
|X| Yes |_| No
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected
to follow. |_| Item 17 |X| Item 18
Except for the historical information contained herein, the statements
contained in this annual report are forward-looking statements, within the
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 with respect to
our business, financial condition and results of operations. Actual results
could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking
statements a result of various factors, including all the risks discussed in
"Item 3--Key Information--Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this annual report.
We urge you to consider that statements which use the terms "believe," "do
not believe," "expect," "plan," "intend," "estimate," "anticipate," and similar
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These
statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based
on assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Except as required by
applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not
intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result
of new information, future events or otherwise.
As used in this annual report, the terms "we," "us," "our," and "Metalink"
mean Metalink Ltd., and our consolidated subsidiary, unless otherwise indicated.
"Multi-Mode DSL(TM)," "NML(TM)," "Olympus-DSL" and "Turbo SDSL(TM)" are our
trademarks. All other trademarks and trade names appearing in this annual report
are owned by their respective holders.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS........1
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE......................1
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION..............................................2
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY...................................22
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS.................32
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES...................43
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS............56
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION........................................59
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING........................................60
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.......................................62
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLSOURES ABOUT MARKET RISK...83
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.......84
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES..............85
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND
USE OF PROCEEDS...........................................85
ITEM 15. [RESERVED]...................................................85
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]...................................................85
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.........................................86
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.........................................86
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.....................................................87
PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
A. Selected Financial Data
We have derived the following selected consolidated financial data
presented below for each of the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999
from our consolidated financial statements and notes included in this annual
report. The selected consolidated financial data for the years ended as of
December 31, 1998 and 1997 have been derived from audited financial statements
not included in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements have
been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. You should read the selected
consolidated financial data together with the section of this annual report
entitled "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" and our consolidated
financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. Please see note 2
of our consolidated financial statements for an explanation of the number of
shares used in computing per share data.
Year Ended December 31,
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues.................................... $ 5,904 $ 9,159 $ 11,708 $ 23,302 $ 14,049
Cost of revenues:
Costs and expenses........................ 3,867 5,040 5,878 9,794 6,086
Royalties to the Government of Israel..... 45 143 209 469 364
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total cost of revenues...................... 3,912 5,183 6,087 10,263 6,450
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Gross profit................................ 1,992 3,976 5,621 13,039 7,599
Operating expenses:
Gross research and development............ 2,823 3,839 6,065 12,592 17,060
Royalty bearing grant..................... 879 1,301 1,965 3,381 3,457
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Research and development, net............. 1,944 2,538 4,100 9,211 13,603
Sales and marketing, net.................. 1,150 1,510 2,026 3,665 5,465
General and administrative................ 696 798 1,138 3,042 3,526
Non-cash compensation..................... 93 182 382 791 745
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total operating expenses.................... 3,883 5,028 7,646 16,709 23,339
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Operating loss.............................. (1,891) (1,052) (2,025) (3,670) (15,740)
Financial income (expenses), net:
Interest income (expenses), net 29 (63) 145 5,986 4,629
Non-cash charge for warrants.............. -- -- (1,400) -- --
----------- ----------- ----------------------- -----------
Total financial income (expenses), net.... 29 (63) (1,255) 5,986 4,629
---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------
Net (loss) profit........................... $ (1,862) $ (1,115) $ (3,280) $ 2,316 $ (11,111)
========== ========== ========== ========== ===========
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic..................................... $ (0.16) $ (0.09) $ (0.27) $ 0.13 $ (0.61)
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Diluted................................... $ (0.16) $ (0.09) $ (0.27)$ 0.11 $ (0.61)
========== ========== ========== =========== ===========
Shares used in computing earnings (loss) per ordinary share:
Basic..................................... 11,627,190 12,010,745 12,309,339 18,269,556 18,260,798
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Diluted................................... 11,627,190 12,010,745 12,309,339 20,773,382 18,260,798
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
As of December 31,
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
(In thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents.................... $ 1,773 $ 1,013 $ 4,281 $ 8,851 $ 15,946
Short-term investments....................... - - 42,816 86,268 64,967
Long-term investments........................ - - 2,952 15,344 9,172
Working capital.............................. 2,324 1,396 46,971 97,324 82,430
Total assets................................. 5,212 5,455 55,850 125,266 104,733
Short-term bank credits and loans............ - 500 - - -
Shareholders equity ......................... 3,282 2,351 50,991 117,632 98,497
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not Applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not Applicable.
D. Risk Factors
Our business, operating results and financial condition could be seriously
harmed due to any of the following risks. If we do not successfully address any
of the risks described below, we could experience a material adverse effect on
our business, results of operations and financial condition, and our share price
may decline. We cannot assure you that we will successfully address any of these
risks.
Slowdown in the telecommunication industry might continue to adversely
affect our business and results of operations.
Telecommunications service providers and their customers are the principal
end-users of substantially all of our products. Beginning in 2001, the
telecommunications industry in much of the world, including in our principal
markets, experienced a slowdown, resulting in decreases and delays in the
procurement and deployment of new telecommunications equipment. As a result, we
experienced a significant decline in demand for our products in 2001. It is
likely that any prolonged and substantial curtailment of growth in the
telecommunications industry will have an adverse effect, which may be material,
upon us. Any such curtailment may result from circumstances unrelated to us or
our product offerings and over which we have no control. In addition, a market
perception that these conditions could have an impact on our company may harm
the trading prices of our shares, whether or not our business and results of
operations are actually affected.
We have a limited operating history, which may limit your ability to
evaluate our business.
We commenced operations in 1993. Our limited operating history may limit
your ability to evaluate our prospects due to:
o our limited historical financial data;
o our unproven potential to generate operating profitability; and
o our limited experience in addressing emerging trends that may affect
our business.
You should consider our prospects in light of the risks, expenses and
difficulties we may encounter in the new and rapidly evolving market for DSL
chip sets.
We have a history of operating losses.
We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception, and we
may not achieve operating profitability for the foreseeable future. We reported
operating losses of approximately $15.7 million for the year ended December 31,
2001, and $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2000. As of December 31,
2001, our accumulated deficit was approximately $17.6 million. We reported
revenues of approximately $14 million for the year ended December 31, 2001, and
$23.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2000. Despite the fact that we are
making expenditures in anticipation of generating higher revenues, our revenues
may not grow and may even continue to decline. Moreover, even if we are
successful in increasing our revenues, we may be delayed in doing so. If our
revenues do not increase as necessary or if our expenses increase at a greater
pace than our revenues, we will not likely be able to achieve, sustain or
increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.
Our quarterly operating results are volatile. This may cause our share
price to decline.
Our quarterly operating results have varied significantly in the past and
are likely to vary significantly in the future. These variations result from a
number of factors, many of which are substantially outside of our control,
including:
o Our revenues depend upon the size, timing and shipment of orders
for our chip sets, especially large orders from some of our
customers. We do not receive orders in the same amounts each
quarter.
o Our customers may not be able to forecast their needs or
accurately or efficiently manage their inventory positions.
o Customer buying patterns may change and may be stronger in certain
quarters of each year and weaker in other quarters of the year.
o Our limited order backlog makes revenues in any quarter
substantially dependent on orders received and delivered in that
quarter.
o Customers may cancel or postpone orders in our backlog.
o The timing and level of market acceptance for existing chip sets,
chip sets under development and new applications or chip sets
introduced by us or by our competitors is uncertain.
o The effectiveness of our customers in marketing and selling their
DSL equipment.
o Changes in pricing by us or our competitors.
o Unfavorable changes in the prices of the components we purchase or
license.
o The amount of our expenses which are fixed, rather than varying
with our revenues, providing us with limited ability to attain
earnings immeidately if revenue levels in any given quarter
decline.
o A delay in the recognition of revenue, even from one customer, may
have a significant negative impact on our results of operations
for a given period. We have experienced such delays in the past,
and our results of operations for those periods were, as a result,
negatively impacted.
o The mix of chip sets sold and the mix of sales channels through
which they are sold.
o Changes in resource allocation by our customers due to their
operating budget cycles.
o Deferrals of customer orders in anticipation of new applications
or new chip sets introduced by us or by our competitors.
o Delays in delivery by the subcontractors who manufacture our
chips.
Because of the variations which we have experienced in our quarterly
operating results, we do not believe that period-to-period comparisons of our
results of operations are necessarily meaningful or should necessarily be relied
upon as indicators of future performance.
Accordingly, our operating results may be below public expectations in
future fiscal periods. Our failure to meet these expectations may cause our
share price to decline.
Any reversal or slowdown in deregulation of telecommunications markets
could materially harm the markets for our products.
Future growth in the markets for our products will depend, in part, on the
continued privatization, deregulation and the restructuring of
telecommunications markets worldwide, as the demand for our products is
generally higher when a competitive environment exists. Any reversal or slowdown
in the pace of this privatization, deregulation or restructuring could
materially harm the markets for our products. Moreover, the consequences of
deregulation are subject to many uncertainties, including judicial and
administrative proceedings that affect the pace at which the changes
contemplated by deregulation occur, and other regulatory, economic and political
factors. Any invalidation, repeal or modification of the requirements imposed by
the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the local telephone competition rules
adopted by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission to implement that Act or
similar international regulation could materially harm our business, financial
condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the uncertainties associated
with deregulation have in the past, and could in the future, cause our customers
to delay purchasing decisions pending the resolution of these uncertainties.
The loss of one or more of our key customers would result in a loss of a
significant amount of our revenues.
Relatively few customers account for a large percentage of our net
revenues. Our business will be seriously harmed if we do not generate as much
revenue as we expect from these customers, or if we experience a loss of any of
our significant customers, particularly, Schmid Telecommunication Ltd., ECI
Telecom Ltd. and Primetech Electronics Inc, or suffer a substantial reduction in
orders from these customers. In 2001, our top three customers were Schmid, which
accounted for 35% of our revenues; ECI, which accounted for 19% of our revenues;
and Primetech, which accounted for 19% of our revenues. We cannot be certain
that these customers will maintain these levels of purchases. We do not have
contracts with any of our customers that obligate them to continue to purchase
our chip sets, and these customers could cease purchasing our chip sets at any
time. We expect that sales of our chip sets to relatively few customers will
continue to account for a significant portion of our net revenues for the
foreseeable future.
If the market for DSL solutions does not continue to develop, we will not
be able to sell enough of our chip sets to achieve, sustain or increase
profitability.
DSL solutions compete with a variety of different broadband access
technologies, including but not limited to cable modem, wireless and FTTH (fiber
to the home) technologies. If any technology that competes with DSL technology
is more reliable, faster or less expensive, reaches more customers or has other
advantages over DSL technology, the demand for our chip sets will decrease, and
we may not sell enough of our chip sets to achieve, sustain or increase
profitability.
If ADSL solutions gain in market share at the expense of our DSL products,
we may not be able to sell enough of our chip sets to achieve, sustain or
increase profitability.
Currently our product line includes HDSL, SDSL, VDSL, and G.SHDSL products.
If the ADSL technology that competes with our DSL products becomes more
reliable, faster or less expensive, reaches more customers or has other
advantages over our products, the demand for our chip sets will decrease, and we
may not sell enough of our chip sets to achieve, sustain or increase
profitability
Substantial sales of our chip sets will not occur unless telecommunication
service providers increasingly deploy DSL systems.
The success of our products is dependent upon the decision by
telecommunication service providers to deploy DSL systems and the timing of the
deployment. Factors that will impact the deployment include:
o a prolonged approval process, including laboratory tests,
technical trials, marketing trials, initial commercial deployment
and full commercial deployment;
o the development of a viable business model for DSL systems and
services, including the capability to market, sell, install and
maintain DSL systems and services;
o cost constraints, such as installation costs and space and power
requirements at the telecommunication service provider's
central office;
o varying and uncertain conditions of the local loop, including the
size and length of the copper wire, electrical interference and
interference with existing voice and data telecommunication
services;
o challenges of interoperability among DSL equipment manufacturers'
products;
o evolving industry standards for DSL technologies; and
o government regulations.
If telecommunication service providers do not expand their deployment of
DSL systems or if additional telecommunication service providers do not offer
DSL services on a timely basis, our business will be harmed.
If the DSL equipment manufacturers which utilize our chip sets are not
successful in selling their systems, sales of our chip sets will decline
significantly.
We rely upon DSL equipment manufacturers, such as ECI and Schmid, to
integrate our chip sets into their DSL systems. If their systems are not
successful, we will not be able to sell our chip sets to them in substantial
quantities. Their systems may be unsuccessful for a large number of reasons,
substantially all of which are beyond our control.
Our chip sets may not adequately serve the needs of end users.
Our chip sets are sold primarily through OEMs. Thus, the feedback that we
receive with respect to the field performance of our chip sets from
telecommunication service providers and their users may be limited. This may
impair our ability to design chip sets that are responsive to the needs of the
end users of our chip sets. This may harm the market acceptance of our chip
sets.
We currently depend on sales of our European standard, or E1 HDSL, chip
sets.
For the year ended December 31, 2001, we derived approximately 68% of our
revenues from our E1 HDSL chip sets. Our future financial performance will
depend significantly on the successful marketing and market acceptance of this
line of chip sets. If for any reason our revenues from this chip set decrease,
our results of operations will be harmed.
If we do not achieve "design wins" with equipment manufacturers during the
design stage of a new product, we may be unable to secure production orders from
these customers in the future.
Once a DSL equipment manufacturer has designed its system to include a
particular supplier's chip set, the DSL equipment manufacturer may be reluctant
to change its source of chip sets. Accordingly, the failure to achieve design
wins with key DSL equipment manufacturers could create barriers to future sales
opportunities.
We must develop new chip sets and new applications for our existing chip
sets to remain competitive. If we fail to do so on a timely and cost effective
basis, we may lose market share.
The markets for DSL solutions such as ours are characterized by:
o rapid technological changes;
o frequent new product introductions;
o changes in customer requirements; and
o evolving industry standards.
Accordingly, our future success will depend to a substantial extent on our
ability to:
o invest significantly in research and development;
o develop, introduce and support new chip sets and new applications for
existing chip sets on a timely basis;
o gain market acceptance of our chip sets;
o anticipate customer requirements; and
o comply with industry standards.
We may not be able to complete the development and market introduction of
new chip sets or new applications successfully. If we fail to develop and deploy
new chip sets and new applications on a timely basis, we may lose market share
to our competitors and our revenues will decline. In addition any change in
industry standards and regulations or adoption of a standard not implemented by
us, may have an adverse effect on the business of the Company.
Because competition in the market for our solutions is intense, we may lose
market share, and we may be unable to achieve or maintain profitability.
Our market is highly competitive, and we expect competition to intensify in
the future. We may not be able to compete effectively in our market, and we may
lose market share to our competitors. Our principal competitors include Conexant
Systems, Inc., GlobeSpan, Inc., Virata corporation , Infineon Technologies AG,
and Broadcom Corporation. We expect to continue to face competition from these
and other competitors. Larger companies with substantial resources, brand
recognition and sales channels may form alliances or merge with, or acquire
competing DSL chip set providers and emerge as significant competitors. For
example, in December 2001, two of our principal competitors, GlobeSpan and
Virata, announced the closing of their merger. Said merger may adversely affect
our market share and as a result might adversely affect our results of
operations. In addition, competitors may bundle their products or incorporate a
DSL chip set component into existing products in a manner that renders our chip
sets obsolete.
Competition may result in lower prices and a corresponding reduction in our
ability to recover our costs. This may impair our ability to achieve or maintain
profitability.
We expect that price competition among DSL chip set suppliers will reduce
our gross margins in the future. We anticipate that average selling prices of
DSL chip sets will continue to decline as product technologies mature. Since we
do not manufacture our own chip sets, we may be unable to reduce our
manufacturing costs in response to declining average per unit selling prices.
Many of our competitors are larger and have greater resources than we do. These
competitors may be able to achieve greater economies of scale and may be less
vulnerable to price competition than we are. Declines in average selling prices
will generally lead to declines in gross margins for chip sets. If we are unable
to recover costs, we will likely be unable to achieve profitability.
In order to attain profitability, we must manage our expansion and
anticipated growth effectively.
We had 88 employees at December 31, 1999, and grew to 141 employees at
December 31, 2001. The growth of our business has placed, and will continue to
place, a significant strain on our managerial, operational and financial
resources. We must also implement sophisticated inventory and control systems.
We cannot assure you that our management team will be able to work together
effectively to manage our organization.
To manage growth effectively, we must continuously:
o improve and expand our information and financial systems, and
managerial procedures and controls;
o hire, train, manage and retain qualified employees; and
o effectively manage relationships with our customers, subcontractors,
suppliers and other third parties.
We cannot assure you that we have made adequate allowances for the costs
and risks associated with this expansion, that our systems, procedures or
controls will be adequate to support our operations or that our management will
be able to offer and expand our product categories successfully. Any delay in
implementing, or transitioning to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or
controls may seriously harm our ability to record and report financial and
management information on a timely and accurate basis or otherwise manage our
expanding operations. If we are unable to do so effectively, our revenues may
not increase, our costs of operations may increase and our business may be
harmed.
Because we operate in international markets, we are subject to additional
risks.
We currently offer our chip sets in a number of countries, through
independent sales representatives and distributors, and we intend to enter
additional geographic markets. Our business is subject to risks which often
characterize international markets, including:
o potentially weak protection of intellectual property rights;
o economic, political, and security instability;
o import or export licensing requirements;
o trade restrictions;
o difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
o longer payment cycles;
o unexpected changes in regulatory requirements and tariffs;
o seasonal reductions in business activities in some parts of the world,
such as during the summer months in Europe;
o fluctuations in exchange rates; and
o potentially adverse tax consequences.
These risks may impair our ability to generate revenues from our increased
global sales efforts.
Because of our long product development process and sales cycle, we may
incur substantial expenses before we earn associated revenues.
We incur substantial product development and marketing expenditures prior
to generating associated revenues. We do not receive substantial orders for our
chip sets during the period that potential customers test and evaluate our chip
sets. This period typically lasts from six to nine months or longer, and volume
production of products that incorporate our chip sets typically does not begin
until this test and evaluation period has been completed. As a result, a
significant period of time may elapse between our product development and sales
efforts and any realization by us of revenues from volume ordering of our chip
sets by our customers, or we may never realize revenues from our efforts.
Because we do not have long-term contracts with our customers, our
customers can discontinue purchases of our chip sets at any time.
We sell our chip sets based on individual purchase orders. Our customers
are not obligated by long-term contracts to purchase our chip sets. Our
customers can generally cancel or reschedule orders upon short notice.
Furthermore, achieving a design win with a customer does not necessarily mean
that this customer will order large volumes of our products. A design win is not
a binding commitment by a customer to purchase our chip sets. Rather, it is a
decision by a customer to use our chip sets in the design process of that
customer's products. A customer can discontinue using our chip sets at any time.
We currently rely on a limited number of subcontractors to manufacture and
assemble our chips.
We currently rely on a single subcontractor for the manufacture of each
chip included in our chip sets and on a limited number of subcontractors for the
assembly of finished chips and other related services. Our subcontractors
manufacture, assemble and test our chips in Hong Kong, Ireland, Singapore, South
Korea, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the United States. These
subcontractors currently have limited manufacturing capacity, which may be
inadequate to meet our demand. If the operations of our subcontractors were
halted, even temporarily, or if they were unable to operate at full capacity for
an extended period of time, we could experience business interruption, increased
costs, loss of goodwill and loss of customers. Delays in the manufacture of chip
sets are typical in our industry, and we have experienced these delays in the
past.
We are dependent upon a limited number of suppliers of key components.
We currently obtain key components from a single supplier or from a limited
number of suppliers. We generally do not have long-term supply contracts with
our suppliers. These factors subject us to the following risks:
o delays in delivery or shortages in components could interrupt and
delay the manufacturing and delivery of our chip sets and may result
in cancellation of orders by our customers;
o suppliers could increase component prices significantly and with
immediate effect;
o we may not be able to develop alternative sources for chip set
components, if and as required in the future;
o suppliers could discontinue the manufacture or supply of components
used in our chip sets. In such event, we might need to modify our chip
sets, which may cause delays in shipments, increased manufacturing
costs and increased chip sets prices; and
o we may hold more inventory than is immediately required to compensate
for potential component shortages or discontinuance.
Changes in regulations affecting the telecommunications industry worldwide
may reduce our customer base and sales.
Changes in regulations affecting the telecommunications industry worldwide
may adversely affect our key customers' businesses. As competition intensifies,
these customers may be forced to cut costs, which may negatively impact our
sales. Also, these customers may be forced to combine with other manufacturers,
thereby reducing the number of our potential customers.
We may experience delays in the delivery of components from our suppliers.
Delays and shortages in the supply of components are typical in our
industry. We have experienced delays and shortages on more than one occasion in
the past. In addition, failure of worldwide semiconductor manufacturing capacity
to rise along with a rise in demand could result in our subcontract
manufacturers allocating available capacity to other customers, including
customers that are larger or have long-term supply contracts in place. Our
inability to obtain adequate foundry capacity at acceptable prices, or any delay
or interruption in supply, could reduce our revenues or increase our cost of
revenue and could harm our business and results of operations.
Undetected hardware and software errors may increase our costs and impair
the market acceptance of our chip sets.
Our chip sets may contain undetected errors. This may result either from
errors we have failed to detect or from errors in components supplied by third
parties. These errors are likely to be found from time to time in new or
enhanced chip sets after commencement of commercial shipments. Because our
customers integrate our chip sets into their systems with components from other
vendors, when problems occur in a system it may be difficult to identify the
component which has caused the problem. Regardless of the source of these
errors, we will need to divert the attention of our engineering personnel from
our product development efforts to address the detection of the errors. We may
incur significant warranty and repair costs related to errors, and we may also
be subject to liability claims for damages related to these errors. The
occurrence of errors, whether caused by our chip sets or the components of
another vendor, may result in significant customer relations problems and injury
to our reputation and may impair the market acceptance of our chip sets.
Our success depends on our ability to attract, train and retain qualified
engineers and sales and technical support personnel.
Upon growth in our business, we will need to hire additional engineers and
highly trained technical support personnel in Israel, United States and
worldwide. We currently have a small technical support staff. We will need to
increase our technical staff to support new customers and the expanding needs of
existing customers as well as our continued research and development operations.
Hiring engineers and technical support personnel is competitive in our
industry, due to the limited number of people available with the necessary
skills and understanding of our products. This is particularly true in Israel,
Northern California and the east cost of the United States. Our success depends
upon our ability to attract, train and retain highly qualified engineers and
technical support personnel.
Our chip sets require a sophisticated marketing and sales effort targeted
at several levels within a prospective customer's organization. We plan to hire
additional sales personnel, particularly in the United States, Europe and Asia.
In addition we may decide to engage with additional sales representatives
worldwide. As competition for qualified sales personnel continues, we may not be
able to hire sufficient sales personnel to support our marketing efforts.
We are dependent on our key personnel, in particular Tzvi Shukhman, our
chief executive officer, the loss of whom would negatively affect our business.
Our future success depends in large part on the continued services of our
senior management and key personnel. In particular, we are highly dependent on
the services of Tzvi Shukhman, our chairman and chief executive officer. All of
our employees have entered into employment contracts with us except for Mr.
Shukhman. We do not carry key person life insurance on our senior management or
key personnel. Any loss of the services of Tzvi Shukhman, other members of
senior management or other key personnel could negatively affect our business.
Our profitability could suffer if third parties infringe upon our
proprietary technology.
Our profitability could suffer if third parties infringe upon our
intellectual property rights or misappropriate our technologies and trademarks
for their own businesses. To protect our intellectual property rights, we rely
on a combination of patent, trademark and copyright law, trade secret
protection, confidentiality agreements and other contractual arrangements with
our employees, affiliates, strategic partners and others. We currently own four
unregistered trademarks, two patents in Israel and three patents in the United
States. We have also filed two additional patent applications in the United
States and Israel. The protective steps we have taken may be inadequate to deter
misappropriation of our proprietary information. We may be unable to detect the
unauthorized use of, or take appropriate steps to enforce, our intellectual
property rights. Moreover, pursuant to current U.S. and Israeli laws, we may not
be able to enforce existing non-competition agreements. Effective patent,
trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every
country in which we offer, or intend to offer, our products. Any failure to
adequately protect our intellectual property could devalue our proprietary
content and impair our ability to compete effectively. Further, defending our
intellectual property rights could result in the expenditure of significant
financial and managerial resources.
Our products may infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.
Third parties may assert against us infringement claims or claims that we
have violated a patent or infringed a copyright, trademark or other proprietary
right belonging to them. For example, the ownership by an unaffiliated third
party of a valid trademark with respect to the name Metalink, or the use of that
name by any unaffiliated third party (whether or not a valid trademark exists),
could cause confusion and otherwise have a material adverse effect upon our
business and financial condition. In addition, any infringement claim, even if
not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and
managerial resources.
We may need to raise additional funds, which may not be available.
We expect that the net proceeds from our initial public offering and
secondary public offering and cash from operations will be sufficient to meet
our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next twelve
months. At some point, we may need to raise additional funds in the future for a
number of uses, including:
o expanding research and development programs;
o hiring additional qualified personnel;
o implementing further marketing and sales activities; and
o acquiring complementary businesses.
o expending our business to new business areas, either by ourselves or
in cooperation with others.
We may not be able to obtain additional funds on acceptable terms or at
all. If we cannot raise needed funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to:
o develop new products;
o enhance our existing products;
o remain current with evolving industry standards;
o take advantage of future opportunities; or
o respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements.
o enter new business areas.
We may encounter difficulties with acquisitions, which could harm our
business.
We may make investments in other companies, products or technologies. If we
acquire a company, we may have difficulty integrating that company's personnel,
operations, products and technologies. These difficulties may disrupt our
ongoing business, distract our management and employees and increase our
expenses.
Messrs. Shukhman and Rozenberg can control the outcome of matters requiring
shareholder approval.
As of December 31, 2001, Messrs. Tzvi Shukhman and Uzi Rozenberg
beneficially own an aggregate of 8,581,519 ordinary shares (representing
approximately 46.9% of the ordinary shares then outstanding). These shareholders
will control the outcome of various actions that require shareholder approval.
For example, these shareholders could elect our directors, delay or prevent a
transaction in which shareholders might receive a premium over the prevailing
market price for their shares and prevent changes in control or management.
Messrs. Shukhman and Rozenberg are parties to a voting agreement, pursuant
to which they will act in concert with respect to the nomination and election of
directors.
8,782,490, or 48%, of our outstanding ordinary shares are restricted from
immediate resale but may be sold into the market in accordance with the
requirements of the federal securities laws. This could cause the market price
of our ordinary shares to drop significantly, even if our business is doing
well.
As of December 31, 2001, we had 18,296,488 ordinary shares outstanding. Of
those, 8,782,490 ordinary shares (48% of our total outstanding ordinary shares)
are, available for resale in the public market in accordance with the
requirements of the United States federal securities laws. As restrictions on
resale end, the market price could drop significantly if the holders of these
restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell
them.
In addition, as of December 31, 2001, options to purchase a total of
3,905,381 ordinary shares under our share option plans were outstanding. We
filed registration statements covering 5,522,433 ordinary shares issuable upon
the exercise of options under our share option plans. These ordinary shares,
when issued upon the exercise of options, will be available for sale in the
public market, subject to the terms of the grant of the related options. In
addition, we have registered 160,000 ordinary shares issuable pursuant to our
2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Accordingly, ordinary shares purchased by our
employees pursuant to our 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, will also be
available for sale in the public market. As of December 31, 2001, 82,221 shares
were purchased by our employees pursuant to our 2000 Employee Stock Purchase
Plan.
34,000 additional ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
warrants may be registered for sale pursuant to registration rights granted to a
shareholder, which rights permit that shareholder, in specified circumstances,
to demand to have its shares registered and to have its shares included in our
registration statements.
Volatility of our share price could adversely affect our shareholders.
The market price of our ordinary shares has been, and is likely to continue
to be, highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to
numerous factors, including the following:
o actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results
or those of our competitors;
o announcements by us or our competitors of technological innovations;
o introduction and adoption of new industry standards;
o introductions of new products by us or our competitors;
o announcements by us or by securities analysts of changes in financial
estimates or;
o conditions or trends in our industry;
o changes in the market valuations of our competitors;
o announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions;
o entry into strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our
competitors;
o additions or departures of key personnel; and
o sales of ordinary shares.
Many of these factors are beyond our control and may materially adversely
affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our performance.
Our ordinary shares have been listed for trading on the Nasdaq National
Market since December 2, 1999. As of December 3, 2000, our ordinary shares have
also been listed for trading on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Volatility of the
price of our ordinary shares on either market is likely to be reflected on the
price of our ordinary shares on the other market. In addition, fluctuations in
exchange rate between the New Israeli Shekel or NIS and the dollar may affect
the price of our ordinary shares on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and, as a
result, may affect the market price of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq
National Market.
Investors may not be able to resell their ordinary shares following periods
of volatility because of the market's adverse reaction to that volatility. The
stock market in general, and the market for Israeli and technology companies in
particular, has been highly volatile. We cannot assure you that our ordinary
shares will trade at the same levels of shares of other technology companies or
that shares of technology companies in general will sustain their current market
prices. In addition, the stock market in either country may be closed due to
facts or circumstances beyond our control.
Our management has broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds of our
public offerings.
Our management has broad discretion as to how the net proceeds of our
public offerings are used. Investors will be relying on the judgment of
management regarding the application of the proceeds of those offerings. The
results and the effectiveness of the application of the proceeds are uncertain.
In addition, we have changed our investment mix in order to avoid being
regulated under the Investment Company Act of 1940, which has affected the
income generated by our investment assets.
Because we are characterized as a passive foreign investment company or
PFIC for 2001, and we may be characterized as a PFIC for additional years, our
U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse tax consequences.
In taxable year 2001, our assets which produce passive income exceeded
levels specified in the U.S. Internal Revenue Code ("IRC"), which resulted in
characterizing Metalink Ltd. as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC,
for U.S. federal income tax purposes for 2001. This characterization could
result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to our shareholders. In addition, we may
be characterized, as a PFIC for additional taxable years if our passive income,
or our assets which produce passive income, exceed the levels set out in the
IRC. U.S. shareholders should consult with their own U.S. advisors with respect
to the U.S. tax consequences of investing in our ordinary shares. See "Item
10-Taxation-United States Federal Income Tax Considerations-Passive Foreign
Investment Company Considerations"
The tragic terrorist attacks in the United States and worldwide have
affected the global economy and could have a material adverse effect on our
results of operations.
The tragic terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001,
followed by military action by the United States and threats of biological
warfare, have affected, and may continue to affect for an unforeseen time, the
global economy. The future course of this conflict and its effect on the global
economy and the telecommunications industry cannot be predicted.
Risks Relating to Our Location in Israel
Conditions in Israel affect our operations and may limit our ability to
produce and sell our products.
Our principal offices and research and development facilities are located
in Israel. (We also have a research and development center in Folsom,
California, see "Item 4 - History and Development of the Company"). Political,
economic and military conditions in Israel directly affect our operations. Since
September 2000, the State of Israel and its citizens have been subjected to
repeated terrorist attacks. The hostilities between the State of Israel and the
Palestinians increased during the past year and have intensified in the past few
months. This conflict can have both direct and indirect impacts on our business
as a result of, among other things, military service obligations of our
directors, officers and employees, changes in monetary and fiscal policies
including but not limited to a significant increase in inflation, the
willingness of customers outside Israel to buy our products, the interruption or
curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners, or a significant
downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel. We cannot assess the
full impact of these requirements on our workforce or business if conditions
should change and we cannot predict the effect on us of any expansion or
reduction of these obligations.
Some neighboring countries, as well as certain companies and organizations,
continue to participate in a boycott of Israeli firms and others doing business
with Israel or with Israeli companies. We are also precluded from marketing our
products to certain of these countries due to U.S. and Israeli regulatory
restrictions. Because none of our revenue is currently derived from sales to
these countries, we believe that, the boycott has not had a material adverse
effect on us. However, restrictive laws, policies or practices directed towards
Israel or Israeli businesses could have an adverse impact on the expansion of
our business.
All male adult citizens and permanent residents of Israel under the age of
51 are, unless exempt, obligated to perform up to approximately 31 days of
military reserve duty annually. Additionally, these residents are subject to
being called to active duty at any time under emergency circumstances. Many of
our officers and employees are currently obligated to perform annual reserve
duty. While we believe that we have operated relatively efficiently given these
requirements since we began operations and during the period of the increase in
hostilities with the Palestinians since September 2000, we cannot assess what
the full impact of these requirements on our workforce or business would be if
the situation with the Palestinians would change, and we cannot predict the
effect on our business operations of any expansion or reduction of these
requirements.
Changes to the Israeli tax system may have adverse tax consequences for us
and our shareholders.
The Israeli government recently appointed a new committee to review the
current tax system and propose possible reforms. This may result in significant
changes to the Israeli tax system, which may have adverse tax consequences for
us and our shareholders. Because we cannot predict the outcome of the
committee's review and to the extent, if any, its recommendations would be
enacted into law, we and our shareholders face uncertainties as to the potential
consequences of this tax reform initiative.
Provisions of Israeli law may delay, prevent or make difficult a merger or
acquisition of us, which could prevent a change of control and depress the
market price of our shares.
The Israeli Companies Law generally requires that a merger be approved by a
company's board of directors and by a majority of the shares voting on the
proposed merger. Unless a court rules otherwise, the merger will not be deemed
approved if a majority of the ordinary shares held by shareholders other than
the potential merger partner (or by any person who holds 25% or more of the
shares of capital stock or the right to appoint 25% or more of the directors of
the potential merger partner) vote against the merger. Upon the request of any
creditor of a party to the proposed merger, a court may delay or prevent the
merger if it concludes that there is a reasonable concern that, as a result of
the merger, the surviving company will be unable to satisfy its obligations. In
addition, a merger may not be completed unless at least 70 days have passed
since the filing of the merger proposal with the Israeli Registrar of Companies.
Finally, Israeli tax law treats some acquisitions, such as stock-for-stock
exchanges between an Israeli company and a foreign company less favorably than
U.S. tax laws. For example, Israeli tax law subjects a shareholder who exchanges
his ordinary shares for shares in another corporation to taxation on half of
such shareholder's ordinary shares for a period of two years following the
exchange and for a period of four years on the remaining half of the ordinary
shares even if the shareholder has not yet sold the ordinary shares acquired in
the exchange. These provisions of Israeli corporate and tax law and the
uncertainties surrounding such law may have the effect of delaying, preventing
or making more difficult a merger or acquisition of us. This could prevent a
change of control of us and depress the market price of our ordinary shares
which otherwise might rise as a result of such a change of control.
Because substantially all of our revenues are generated in U.S. dollars
while a portion of our expenses are incurred in New Israeli Shekels, our results
of operations may be seriously harmed if the rate of inflation in Israel exceeds
the rate of devaluation of the NIS against the U.S. dollar or if the NIS is
appreciated against the U.S. dollar.
We generate substantially all of our revenues in dollars, but we incur a
portion of our expenses, principally salaries, related personnel expenses and
occupancy expenses in NIS. As a result, we are exposed to the risk that the rate
of inflation in Israel will exceed the rate of devaluation of the NIS in
relation to the dollar or that the timing of this devaluation lags behind
inflation in Israel or that the NIS is appreciated against the dollar. In 2000
the NIS was appreciated against the dollar in the rate of 2.7% while the rate of
inflation was 0%. In 2001 the NIS was depreciated against the dollar in the rate
of 9.3% while the rate of inflation was 1.4%. We can not be certain that the
trends which have benefited us in 2001 will continue. If the dollar costs of our
operations in Israel increase, our dollar-measured results of operations will be
adversely affected.
To date, we have not engaged in hedging transactions. In the future, we
might enter into currency hedging transactions to decrease the risk of financial
exposure from fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar against the New
Israeli Shekel. These measures may not adequately protect us from material
adverse effects due to the impact of inflation in Israel.
The government programs and benefits in which we currently participate or
which we currently receive require us to satisfy prescribed conditions and may
be terminated or reduced in the future. This would increase our costs and taxes
and could impact our manufacturing operations.
We currently receive grants from the Government of Israel through the
Office of the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Industry and Trade for the
financing of a significant portion of our research and development expenditures
in Israel and we intend to apply for additional grants in the future. We cannot
assure you that we will continue to receive grants at the same rate or at all.
One of the conditions to the receipt of these grants is that we pay royalties to
the Office of the Chief Scientist on revenues derived from the sale of products
and services resulting from the research and development funded by these grants.
The budget of the Office of the Chief Scientist has been subject to reductions
which may affect the availability of funds for grants in the future and the
terms and conditions of these grants (including the rates of royalty payments)
as determined in government regulations that have been modified from time to
time. If we fail to comply with these conditions, we could be required to refund
any payments previously received together with interest and penalties and would
likely be denied receipt of these grants thereafter. In addition, the
regulations under which we received these grants restrict our ability to
manufacture products or transfer technology outside of Israel. Since our
manufacturing activities are performed by subcontractors outside of Israel, the
consent of the Office of the Chief Scientist is required for these activities
and additional consents will be required in connection with the manufacturing of
products developed in the future with Office of the Chief Scientist grants. The
letters of approval under which we received the grants do not specifically refer
to our manufacturing activities outside of Israel. However, we believe that the
Office of the Chief Scientist has adequately expressed its consent to such
activities. There can be no assurance that the consents granted to date by the
Office of the Chief Scientist will be deemed to be adequate under applicable
laws and regulations or that such consents will not be revoked or modified in
any way or that we will obtain consents for such activities at all, from the
Office of the Chief Scientist in the future. Failure to comply with the
requirements for consents for manufacturing outside of Israel could result in
penalties, cancellation of the grants and denial of any future applications for
grants or these consents. If the consents obtained from the Office of the Chief
Scientist to manufacture our chip sets outside of Israel are terminated or if we
are unable to obtain similar consents in the future, our business could be
harmed. See Item 10 regarding a discussion of a pending amendment to the
Research Law under which the Office of the Chief Scientist operates.
In addition, several of our capital investments have been granted "approved
enterprise" status under Israeli law. The portion of our income derived from our
approved enterprise programs will be exempt from tax for a period of two years
commencing in the first year in which we have taxable income and we will be
subject to a reduced tax for a period of five or eight additional years,
depending on the percentage of our share capital held by non-Israelis. The
benefits available to an approved enterprise are conditioned upon the
fulfillment of conditions stipulated in applicable law and in the specific
certificate of approval. If we fail to comply with these conditions, in whole or
in part, we may be required to pay additional taxes for the period in which we
benefited from the tax exemption or reduced tax rates and would likely be denied
these benefits in the future. From time to time, the Government of Israel has
discussed reducing or eliminating the benefits available under the approved
enterprise program. We cannot assure you that these tax benefits will be
continued in the future at their current levels or at all.
It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us, our officers and
directors who are nonresidents of the United States or to assert U.S. securities
laws claims in Israel or serve process on our officers and directors who are
nonresidents of the United States.
We are incorporated in Israel. The majority of our executive officers and
directors are nonresidents of the United States, and a substantial portion of
our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside the United
States. Therefore, it may be difficult to enforce a judgment obtained in the
United States based upon the civil liabilities provisions of the United States
Federal securities laws against us or any of those persons or to effect service
of process upon these persons in the United States. Additionally, it may be
difficult for you to enforce civil liabilities under U.S. federal securities
laws in original actions instituted in Israel.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
Metalink was incorporated in September 1992 as a corporation under the laws
of the State of Israel. In September 2000, we moved our principal executive
offices from Tel-Aviv to a new location at Yakum Business Park, Yakum 60972,
Israel. Our telephone number is 972-9-960-5555. In 1997, we established a
wholly-owned subsidiary in the United States, Metalink Inc., which is
incorporated in Delaware. Metalink Inc. is involved in research and development
activities, provides technical support to our customers and conducts the
distribution of our products in North America. Metalink Inc. is located at 105C
Lake Forest Way, Folsom, California 95630, and its telephone number is
916-355-1580.
In December 1999, we completed our initial public offering of 4,600,000
ordinary shares and our ordinary shares commenced trading on the Nasdaq National
Market under the symbol "MTLK." In March 2000, we completed our secondary public
offering of 1,500,000 ordinary shares. As of December 3, 2000, our ordinary
shares are traded also on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange.
During the period between December 2000 and April 2001 we have purchased at
market price at broker transactions 898,500 of our ordinary shares for
approximately $9.88 million, pursuant to a repurchase program authorized by our
board and approved by the Tel-Aviv District Court.
In January 2001, we implemented a new enterprise resources planning system.
The new system supports the control of our operations.
Capital expenditures were $3.4 million for year 2001. The expenditures were
principally for capital equipment and software used in our research and
development activities.
B. Business Overview
General
We design, develop and market digital subscriber line (DSL) chip sets used
by manufacturers of telecommunication equipment. Our chip sets enable the
digital transmission of voice, video and data over copper wire communications
lines at speeds that are up to 500 times faster than transmission rates provided
by conventional analog modems. Our chip sets typically include three to five
individual integrated circuits, or chips, and include an analog front-end for
line interfacing with analog signals, a digital signal processor (DSP) for
signal processing and a framer to process the messages being transmitted. We are
a leader in DSL semiconductor technology because of our expertise in the
development of advanced modem algorithms, in the design of very large scale
integrated circuits and in digital signal processing. We have sold over seven
million of our chips to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) that incorporate
our chip sets into their own products. These OEMs, which include ECI Telecom
Ltd., Alcatel Networks Corporation, Primetech Electronics Inc, Portugal Telecom
Inovacao, Quante Verkabelungsystem GmbH, Schmid Telecommunication Ltd., Siemens
AG, Tut Systems Inc. and others, have sold products containing our chip sets to
telecommunication service providers throughout the world, including Bell Canada,
British Telecom, France Telecom, Deutsche Telecom, Portugal Telecom and Italy
Telecom.
Products and Technology
We offer a broad suite of DSL chip set solutions. A typical chip set
consists of an analog front-end (AFE) device and a digital device. The AFE
serves as an interface between the analog signals transmitted along the copper
wire and the digital device. The AFE performs various analog signal-processing
functions, such as converting the analog signals into digital format and
vice-versa. The digital device include multiple functions including the
transceiver (DSP) section implementing the modulation and demodulation of the
digital signal, the framer section which serves as an interface between the DSP
functional block and the digital network system. In some cases the digital
device may contain additional functionality such as a network processor, higher
layers processing etc.
Our chip sets support the transmission of digital transmissions over copper
wire using different line codes, including two bit per quadrant (2BlQ), pulse
amplitude modulation (PAM) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Each of
our chip sets is software programmable to meet the specific needs of each
customer. This enables the implementation of multiple DSL configurations, such
as high bit-rate DSL ( HDSL) and Symmetric DSL (SDSL), a broad range of
transmission rates, performance enhancement and feature upgrades in compliance
with various industry standards.
HDSL. HDSL is a cost-effective alternative to traditional repeatered T1 (in
North America) and El (in the rest of the world) transmission services, which
generally offer transmission speeds of 1.5 or 2.0 megabits per second, or Mbps.
The HDSL system creates a link between the central office and a customer network
premise over unconditioned copper wire. T1 HDSL has been standardized by the
American National Standards Institute, or ANSI, and allows the transmission of
1.544 Mbps over two copper wire pairs using 2BlQ line code. El HDSL has been
standardized by the European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI) and allows the
transmission of 2.320 Mbps over either one, two or three copper wire pairs,
depending on the operator's deployment strategy and generally uses the 2BlQ line
code. ETSI's specifications for 1-Pair HDSL were also adopted by the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). We currently offer El HDSL for
1-Pair, 2-Pair and 3-Pair copper wire configurations and a T1 HDSL which is a
2-Pair configuration, each of which uses 2BlQ line coding. We believe that our
chip sets are the only chip sets that meet the performance criteria as defined
by the 1-Pair El HDSL 2BIQ standard. We were the driving force in setting the
ETSI standard for 1-Pair El HDSL solutions.
SDSL. Similar to HDSL, SDSL uses 2BlQ encoding to offer a symmetric link
over a single copper wire at maximum symmetric rates of 2.320 Mbps. SDSL is used
by competitive local exchange carriers, or CLECs, to allow their business
customers cost effective access to the network, including high-speed access to
the Internet and remote local area networks (LANs), integrated with multiple
transmissions of voice channels and video conferencing. To date, the SDSL
technology has been recognized as an accepted specification and is not likely to
be adopted as a formal standard by any of the standardizing bodies. We currently
offer chip sets for SDSL-based systems in various configurations.
HDSL2. HDSL2 improves on the T1 HDSL 2-Pair solution by offering similar
performance achieved using only a single copper wire pair. This is achieved by
using the PAM-16 line code in combination with Trellis coding. This standard was
further enhanced to support an extended reach 4 wire mode, using the same PAM-16
line code referred to as HDSL4.
G.SHDSL. G.SHDSL improves on the SDSL and HDSL technologies by providing
rate adaptive solutions at rates of up to 2.320 Mbps, while increasing the
maximum range of transmissions by 20%, compared to that allowed by the legacy
technologies. G.SHDSL supports various encoding technologies, including the
technologically-advanced Trellis coded PAM-16. We are a contributor to the
standardization of G.SHDSL, and we have developed proprietary algorithms for the
efficient implementation of this technology. During the year 2001, we completed
the development and integration of our first generation SHDSL solution that
includes an eight-port G.SHDSL digital device, a single port G.SHDSL digital
device and an single port G.SHDSL analog front end. During 2001 we also
completed the development of a second generation digital device optimized for
T1/E1 transport applications. This device, incorporated the entire digital
functionality of a T1/E1 transport application combining the DSL transceiver and
framer, T1/E1 framer, host processor and RAM. To the best of our knowledge, this
is the only device available in the market with such high levels of optimization
and integration for T1/E1 transport applications.
VDSL. VDSL technology defines very high transmission rates over a single
copper wire pair. This includes symmetric transmission at a rate of up to 26
Mbps and asymmetric transmission of 52 Mbps downstream and 6 Mbps upstream. VDSL
is typically deployed in combination with an optical network unit. This unit is
connected by copper wire to multiple subscribers located in large complexes,
such as large residential complexes, hotels and campuses. The unit multiplexes
the bandwidth of hundreds of subscribers onto a single fiber that carries the
information to the central office. VDSL applications include high bandwidth
data, multiple video and voice channels, broadband access and broadband wide
area networks (WANs). VDSL has been standardized by ANSI and ETSI and is
currently at its standardization stage in ITU-T and IEEE. We are an active
participant in all these standardization processes. We have developed powerful
algorithms for VDSL, including NML, that optimize the performance in the
operating environment. During 2001, we finished the development and started
integration of two generations of VDSL solutions, including a single port 2-band
digital device, a single port 4-band digital device, a dual port 3-band device
and a single port 4-band analog front end. To the best of our knowledge these
devices were the first available standard compliant solutions according to the
quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-based ETSI and ANSI standards.
The following is a table of our proprietary chips which form the chip sets
offered by us to our customers
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
Maximum
Transmission
Sampling Rates
Chips Function Date (Mbps)
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
MtH 1242 2BlQ AFE 2Q97 1.168
MtH 2441 2BlQ AFE 3Q99 2.320
MtH 2443 Low-power, small size 2BIQ AFE 3Q99 2.320
MtH 2445 2B1Q AFE 2.320
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
MtH 1210BL 2BlQ encoding/decoding DSP 2Q97 1.168
MtH 2410BL Low-power 2BlQ encoding/decoding DSP 1Q99 2.320
MtH 2411 Advanced, low-power 2BlQ encoding/decoding DSP 3Q99 2.320
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
MtH 2430CL Universal T1 /El standards compliant framer 3Q98 2.320
MtH 2431 Single pair framer 2.320
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
MtH 2470 Dual Advanced, low-power integrated dual 3Q99 2.320
DSP and dual framer
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
MtS 870 Octal SHDSL transceiver/framer 4Q00 4.640
MtS 170 Single SHDSL transceiver frame 1Q01 4.640
MtS 140 Single SHDSL AFE 4Q00 4.640
MtS 142 Single SHDSL/HDSL2/HDSL4 AFE with integrated line-driver. 2Q01 4.640
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
MtV 9170 VDSL transceiver/framer for 2-band applications 1Q01 26
MtV 9370 Dual VDSL transceiver/framer for 3-band applications 3Q01 52
MtV 9171 VDSL transceiver/framer for 4-band applications 4Q01 52
MtV 9141 VDSL AFE for 2,3 and 4-band applications 4Q01 52
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
The following table enumerates our product applications:
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
Chip Set Applications Products Configuration
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
2-pair E1/T1 HDSL MtH 1242 Each
chip set consists of two
AFE MtH 2441 MtH chips,
two DSP chips and one
framer 2445 MtH chip.
2410BL
MtH 2411
MtH 2430
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
Integrated 2-pair El/T1 HDSL MtH 2443 Each chip set consists of two AFE
MtH 2470 chips and one integrated DSP/framer
chip.
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
1-pair El HDSL MtH 2441 Each chip set consists of one AFE
MtH 2410AL chip, one DSP chip and one framer
MtH 2410BL chip.
MtH 2411
MtH 2430
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
Dual Channel 1-pair El HDSL MtH 2443 Each chip set consists of two AFE
MtH 2470 chips and one integrated DSP/framer
chip.
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
3-pair El HDSL MtH 1242 Each chip set consists of three AFE
MtH l2l0BL chips, three DSP chips and one
MtH 2430 framer chip.
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
Octal G.shdsl CO application
MtS870 Each chip set
consists of one octal
MtS140 DSP / framer and
eight AFE chips.
MtS142
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
G.shdsl CPE application MtS170
Each chip-set consist of
a single MtS140 DSP /
framer chip and a single
AFE MtS142 chip.
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
Single pair T1 HDSL2 and E1 G.SHDSL MtS170 Each chip-set consist of a single
MtS140 DSP / framer chip and a single AFE
MtS142 chip.
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
Two pair T1 HDSL4 and E1 G.SHDSL MtS170 Each
chip-set consist of a
two DSP / MtS140 framer
chips and two AFE chips.
MtS142
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
CO dual three band VDSL
application MtV9370 Each
chip-set consist of a
DSP/ MtV9141 framer chip
and two AFE chips.
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
CO and CPE four band VDSL application MtV9171 Each chip-set consist of a single
MtV9141 DSP / framer chip and a single AFE
chip.
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
CPE two-band VDSL application MtV9170 Each chip-set consist of a single
MtV9141 DSP / framer chip and a single AFE
chip.
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
Customers
Our customers, telecommunication equipment manufacturers, incorporate
our chip sets into the products that they sell to telecommunication service
providers. Since we commenced operations in 1993, we have shipped over seven
million of our chips to our customers, or OEM partners, including Lucent, Next
Level Communications, ECI, Marconi Communications, Alcatel, PT - Inovacao,
Datentechnik (Quante) , RAD Data Communications, Schmid, Siemens and Tut
Systems. These chips are used in telecommunication equipment deployed worldwide
by telecommunications service providers including Qwest, Bell Canada, British
Telecom, and France Telecom. Our largest customers include ECI, Schmid and
Primetech, each of which accounted for 10% or more of our total sales in 2001.
We do not have purchase contracts with any of our customers that obligate them
to continue to purchase our chip sets and these customers could cease purchasing
our chip sets, at any time.
Our chip sets are being incorporated into the following systems:
o T1/El transmission equipment, which is used by telecommunications
service provider to enable transmission speeds of 1.544 Mbps, for
T1 lines, and 2.048 Mbps, for El lines;
o Digital subscriber line access multiplexers (DSLAMs), which are
used to terminate up to hundreds of lines in a central office and
aggregate them onto high-speed lines for transmission to the
communications backbone;
o DSL enabled Digital loop carriers (DLC), which are used to
terminate up to hundreds of DSL and telephony lines, typically in
a remote terminal (RT) or an optical network unit (ONU);
o DSL network interface units, which are customer premises equipment
that enable high-speed data transmission over the local loop;
o DSL-compatible routers, which are used to connect one or more
personal computers to the local loop;
o DSL-integrated access device (IAD) that combine voice and data
transport over single twisted pair; and
o DSL residential gateways and set-top boxes (STB) that combined
Video, Voice and Data transport over single twisted pair.
Our customers market their products to public and private
telecommunications service providers. These service providers include incumbent
local exchange carriers or ILECs, CLECs and Internet service providers.
The following is a summary of revenues by geographic area. Revenue is
attributed to geographic region based on the location of the customers.
Year ended December 31,
----------- ----------- ----------
1999 2000 2001
---- ---- ----
----------- ----------- ----------
(in thousands)
Revenues:
Israel $4,859 $8,227 $3,070
Switzerland 1,853 6,356 5,329
Canada 1,681 6,053 2,989
Spain 671 630 939
United States 1,864 569 680
Germany 35 493 170
Other foreign countries
(mainly European) 745 974 872
---- ---- ----
$ 11,708 $ 23,302 $ 14,049
======== ======== ========
Sales and Marketing
We have established a worldwide network of independent sales
representatives and distributors. These independent entities are selected for
their ability to provide effective field sales, marketing communications and
technical support to our customers.
We have sales representative in the following countries:
Europe: Austria, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
Asia: Republic of China (Taiwan), People Republic of China (Mainland
China), Japan, Singapore and South Korea
Australia
North America: Canada and the United States
South America: Brazil.
The listed sales representatives, also, offer our customers technical
support and customer services.
We also sell our products directly to select customers in Israel and
Europe. Direct sale customers include ECI, Schmid, and RAD Data Communications.
Our sales force, technical support personnel and key engineers work together in
teams to support key customers. We have located technical support capabilities
in key geographic locations.
Our marketing strategy focuses on key customer sponsorships to promote
early adoption of our chip sets in the products of DSL equipment manufacturers
who are market innovators and market leaders. Through our ongoing relationships,
customers provide us with direct feedback on product specifications and
applications while participating in product testing simultaneously with our
certification process. This approach accelerates customers' time to market
enables us to achieve early design wins and volume commitments for our chip
sets.
We intend to continue to invest resources in marketing communications
efforts, including participation in trade shows and trade events and direct
marketing campaigns. These efforts are directed at enhancing our brand
recognition and building our reputation as a leading developer of DSL chip sets,
as well as our customer service and responsiveness.
Research and Development
We believe that our future success will depend upon our ability to
maintain our technological leadership, to enhance our existing products and to
introduce on a timely basis new commercially viable products addressing the
needs of our customers. Accordingly, we intend to continue to devote a
significant portion of our personnel and financial resources to research and
development. As part of the product development process, we seek to develop
close relationships with industry innovators in our target segments and engage
in product development partnerships to meet their needs.
As of March 31, 2002 our research and development staff consisted of 89
employees. Research and development activities take place at our facilities in
Yakum, Israel and at the design center of our subsidiary in Folsom, California.
We intend to continue adding research and development personnel in the near
future. We deploy standard procedures for the design, development and quality
assurance of our new product developments.
The Government of Israel, through the Office of the Chief Scientist of
the Israeli Ministry of Industry and Trade, encourages research and development
projects which result in products for export. Since 1994, we received grants
from the Office of the Chief Scientist for the development of our products. See
"Item 5--Operating and Financial Review and Prospects--Operating
Results--Government Grants." We expect our research and development expenses to
grow as we hire additional personnel to develop new, and upgrade existing,
products.
Manufacturing
We do not own or operate a semiconductor fabrication facility. As a
fabless provider of chip sets, we subcontract our entire semiconductor
manufacturing to third party contractors. Our chip sets are delivered to us
fully assembled and tested based on our proprietary designs. The use of the
fabless model allows us to focus substantially most of our resources on
determining customer requirements and on the design, development and support of
chip sets and to have significantly reduced capital requirements.
We currently subcontract our semiconductor wafer manufacturing to
Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation in Singapore and Taiwan
Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and the packaging and testing of our
chip sets to Singapore Technologies Assembly and Test Services (STATS), Advanced
Semiconductor Engineering Inc. (ASE Inc.) & ASE TEST LIMITED and Amkor
Technology Inc in Korea. The selection of these manufacturers was based on the
breadth of available technology, quality, manufacturing capacity and support for
design tools used by us. All of the fabrication, assembly and test facilities
are ISO 9002 / QS9000 / SAC certified. None of our chip sets is currently
manufactured by more than one contractor. In the event one of our contractors
notifies us that it intends to cease manufacturing a chip or that it is
temporarily unable to manufacture a chip, we may not have an adequate
opportunity to order sufficient quantities of the effected chip to prevent
shipments to customers from being adversely affected while we qualify a new
manufacturer.
We intend to continue for the foreseeable future to rely on third
parties for substantially all of our wafer manufacturing, assembly and test
requirements. All of our subcontract manufacturers produce products for other
companies. We do not have long-term manufacturing agreements with any of our
foundries. Our foundries are not obligated to supply us with products for any
specific period, in any specific quantity or at any specific price, except as
may be provided in a particular purchase order that has been accepted by one of
our foundries.
We must place orders at least 14 to 16 weeks in advance of expected
delivery. As a result, we have only a limited ability to react to fluctuations
in demand for our chip sets, which could cause us to have excess or a shortage
of inventory of a particular chip.
Proprietary Rights
We rely on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws,
confidentiality agreements and other contractual arrangements with our
employees, strategic partners and others to protect our technology. We own
unregistered trademarks for the names NML, Multi-Mode DSL, Turbo SDSL and
Olympus-DSL. We do not currently own any registered copyrights.
In addition, our NML technology is protected by two patents in Israel
and three patents in the United States. One of the two Israeli patents was
issued in favor of us following a settlement agreement we entered into with an
opposing company. We have filed two additional patent applications in the United
States and Israel. These applications may not result in any patent or patents
being issued and, if issued, the patents may not provide adequate protection
against competitive technology and may not be held valid and enforceable if
challenged. In addition, other parties may assert rights as inventors of the
underlying technologies, which could limit our ability to fully exploit the
rights conferred by any patent that we receive. Our competitors may be able to
design around any patent that we receive and other parties may obtain patents
that we would need to license or circumvent in order to exploit our patents.
Competition
The DSL chip set market is intensely competitive. We expect competition
to intensify as current competitors expand their product offerings and new
competitors enter the market. We believe that we must compete on the basis of a
variety of factors, including time to market, functionality, conformity to
industry standards, performance, price, breadth of product lines, product
migration plans, and technical support.
We believe our principal competitors for HDSL, SDSL, HDSL2 and G.SHDSL
products include, GlobespanVirata, Infineon and Conexant. Our principal
competition for VDSL QAM based products include Broadcom and Infineon. Other
competitors offering VDSL DMT based products include Globespan, ST
Microelectronics, Zarlink and Ikanos. In addition to these competitors, there
have been announcements by other integrated circuit companies that they intend
to enter the DSL chip set market.
We expect to continue to face competition from these and other
competitors. Larger companies with substantial resources, brand recognition and
sales channels may form alliances or merge with, or acquire competing DSL chip
set providers and emerge as significant competitors. For example, in December
2001, two of our principal competitors, GlobeSpan and Virata, announced the
closing of their merger. Said merger may adversely effect our market share and
as a result might adversely effect our result of operations. In addition,
competitors may bundle their products or incorporate a DSL chip set component
into existing products in a manner that renders our chip sets obsolete.
Further, many of our customers face competition from companies, which
design their own chip sets. Because these companies do not purchase all of their
chip sets from suppliers such as us, if these competitors displace our customers
in the DSL equipment market, our customers would no longer need our chip sets,
and our business would be seriously harmed.
Many of our competitors have greater name recognition, their own
manufacturing capabilities, significantly greater financial and technical
resources, and the sales, marketing and distribution strengths that are normally
associated with large multinational companies. These competitors may also have
preexisting relationships with our customers or potential customers. These
competitors may compete effectively with us because in addition to the
above-listed factors, they more quickly introduce new technologies, more rapidly
or effectively address customer requirements or devote greater resources to the
promotion and sale of their products than we do. Further, in the event of a
manufacturing capacity shortage, these competitors may be able to manufacture
products when we are unable to do so.
As the DSL market matures, the industry may become subject to
increasing price competition driven by the lowest cost providers of chip sets.
We anticipate that average per unit selling prices of DSL chip sets will
continue to decline as product technologies mature. If we are unable to reduce
our costs sufficiently to offset declines in the average per unit selling prices
or are unable to introduce new higher performance products with higher average
per unit selling prices, our operating results will be seriously harmed. Since
we do not manufacture our own products, we may be unable to negotiate volume
discounts with our foundries in order to reduce the costs of manufacturing our
chip sets in response to declining average per unit selling prices. Many
competitors are larger with greater resources and therefore may be able to
achieve economies of scale and would be less vulnerable to price competition.
Our inability to achieve manufacturing efficiencies would have an adverse impact
on our operating results.
C. Organizational Structure
See "Item 5--Operating and Financial Review and Prospects--Over View"
D. Property, Plants and Equipment
Our headquarters and principal administrative, finance, sales and
marketing operations are located in approximately 45,000 square feet of leased
office space in Yakum, Israel. The lease expires in September 2010. In the
United States, we lease approximately 10,000 square feet of office space in
Folsom, California. The lease will expire in March 2005, and we will have the
option to extend the lease for two additional five-year periods. In addition we
currently lease sales and support office in San Jose, California (864 square
feet). Currently, our offices in San Jose are not occupied and we intend to try
and sublease these premises for the remainder of the lease period, which
concludes March 2004. Aggregate rental payments, at rates in effect at December
31, 2001 are approximately $957,000 and the projected payments for 2002 are
approximately $932,000. We may need to increase the size of our current
facilities, seek new facilities, close certain facilities or sublease portions
of our existing facilities in order to address our needs in the future.
Total rent expenses for the years ended December 31,2001, 2000 and 1999
were $957,000, $543,000 and $290,000, respectively.
ITEM 5. Operating and financial review and prospects
A. Overview
We design, develop and market digital subscriber line (DSL) chip sets
used by manufacturers of telecommunication equipment. Our chip sets enable the
digital transmission of voice, video and data over copper wire communications
lines at speeds that are up to 500 times faster than transmission rates provided
by conventional analog modems.
We were incorporated in September 1992 under the laws of the State of
Israel. From our inception through the third quarter of 1994, our operating
activities related primarily to establishing a research and development
organization, developing prototype chip designs which meet industry standards
and developing strategic OEM partnerships with leading telecommunication
equipment manufacturers. We shipped our first chip set in the fourth quarter of
1994. Since that time, we have continued to focus on developing additional
products and applications, shaping new industry standards and building our
worldwide indirect sales and distribution channels. In addition, in 1997, we
established a wholly owned subsidiary in the United States, Metalink Inc., which
is incorporated in Delaware and is headquartered in Northern California.
Metalink Inc. is involved in research and development activities, provides
technical support to our customers and conducts the distribution of our products
in North America. In 1999, we established our Northern California research and
development design center. In December 1999, we completed our initial public
offering of 4,600,000 ordinary shares, from which we received net proceeds of
approximately $49.8 million. In March 2000, we completed our secondary public
offering of 1,500,000 ordinary shares, from which we received net proceeds of
approximately $62.7 million.
B. Critical Accounting Policies
Management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and
results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which
have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting periods presented. These estimates include assessing the
collectability of accounts receivable, and the use and recoverability of
inventory. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The markets for our
products are characterized by intense competition, rapid technological
development and frequent new product introductions, all of which could impact
the future realizability of our assets. We believe the following critical
accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in
the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue recognition
Revenue from product sales is recognized upon shipment to the customer,
when the risk of loss has been transferred to the customer, price and terms are
fixed, and when no significant vendor obligations exist and collection of the
resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Our revenue recognition policy is
significant because our revenue is a key component of our operations. In
addition, our revenue recognition determines the timing of certain expenses,
such as sales commissions. We follow very specific and detailed guidelines in
measuring revenue; however, certain judgments affect the application of our
revenue policy. Revenue results are difficult to predict, and any shortfall in
revenue or delay in recognizing revenue could cause our operating results to
vary significantly from quarter to quarter and could result in future operating
losses.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is
determined on a moving average basis. We regularly review inventory values and
quantities on hand and write down our inventory for estimated obsolescence or
unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and
the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market
conditions. Our estimates of future product demand may prove to be inaccurate,
in which case we may have understated or overstated the provision required for
excess and obsolete inventory. If actual market conditions are less favorable
than those expected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be
required. If our inventory is determined to be undervalued, we may have
over-reported our costs of goods sold in previous periods and would be required
to recognize such additional operating income at the time of sale. Therefore,
although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our estimates of future
product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological
developments could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and
our reported operating results.
C. Operating Results
General
Revenues. Our revenues are derived from sales of our chip sets to our
customers with which we have OEM partnerships for the design of DSL systems
based on our solutions. Our revenues are generated in U.S. dollars, and the
majority of our expenses are incurred in dollars. Consequently, we use the
dollar as our functional currency. Our consolidated financial statements are
prepared in dollars in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
in the United States. For the year ended December 31, 2001, three customers
accounted for approximately 73% of our revenues.
We sell our chip sets in Europe, Israel and North America through
independent sales representatives and distributors. We also sell our chip sets
directly to select customers in Israel and Europe. For the year ended December
31, 2001, approximately 76% of our sales were in Europe and Israel and 24% in
North America.
Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues consists primarily of materials
and components used in the manufacture and assembly of our chips, salaries and
other personnel related expenses for those engaged in operations, fees for
subcontractors who manufacture, assemble and test our chip sets, other overhead
expenses and royalties paid to the Government of Israel.
Gross Research and Development. Research and development expenses
consist primarily of salaries and other personnel related expenses related to
the design, development and enhancement of our products and other overhead
expenses. In addition, we subcontract the layout and mask development production
of our chips to unaffiliated third parties. All research and development costs
are expensed as incurred. We believe that continued investment in research and
development is critical to attaining our strategic product objectives. We expect
these expenses to increase in the future as we continue to develop new products
and product applications.
Research and Development, Net. The Government of Israel, through the
Office of the Chief Scientist, encourages research and development projects
which result in products for export. In 1999, 2000 and 2001, we received grants
from the Office of the Chief Scientist for the development of our products.
Research and development expenses are net of grants received or accrued from the
Government of Israel.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of
salaries and other personnel related expenses for those engaged in the sales,
marketing and support of our products, as well as trade show, promotional and
public relations expenses. Our success in increasing revenues depends on our
ability to increase our customer base, achieve design wins, drive industry
standards and introduce new products and product applications. Accordingly, we
intend to pursue sales and marketing campaigns, and we therefore expect these
expenses to increase in the future.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist
primarily of salaries and other personnel related expenses for executive,
accounting and administrative personnel, professional fees, and other general
corporate expenses. As we incur additional costs related to the growth of our
business and our becoming a public company, we expect that general and
administrative expenses will also increase.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation. Amortization of deferred
stock compensation expenses consist of the charge incurred by us arising from
the grant of options to purchase our ordinary shares at exercise prices below
the fair market value of our ordinary shares at the date of the grant. This
discount is recorded and charged to our earnings over the vesting period of the
options. We have recorded a total of $3,868,000 of deferred stock compensation
as of December 31,2001. We have incurred amortization of deferred stock
compensation expenses of $382,000 in 1999, $791,000 in 2000 and $745,000 in
2001.
We expect to recognize stock compensation expenses of $799,000 in 2002,
$628,000 in 2003, $208,000 in 2004 and $15,000 in 2005. We cannot guarantee,
however, that we will not accrue additional stock compensation expenses in the
future or that our current estimate of these costs will prove accurate, either
of which events could seriously harm our business and results of operations.
Financial Income (Expenses), Net. Financial income (expenses), net
consists primarily of interest earned on bank deposits and securities in which
we invested, gains and losses from the exchange differences of monetary balance
sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies and interest expense paid on
bank loans.
Taxes. Israeli companies are generally subject to income tax at the
corporate rate of 36%. However, we are eligible for tax benefits which should
result in our income being taxed at a lower rate for some time after we begin to
report taxable income and exhaust our net operating loss carry forwards.
The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, financial data,
expressed as a percentage of total revenues which we believe to be significant
in analyzing our results of operations. The data is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
1999 2000 2001
Revenues........................................... 100% 100% 100%
Cost of revenues:
Costs and expenses............................ 50 42 43
Royalties to the Government of Israel......... 2 2 3
----- ----- -----
Total Cost of revenues............................. 52 44 46
----- ----- -----
Gross profit....................................... 48 56 54
Operating expenses:
Gross research and development................ 52 54 121
Royalty bearing grant......................... 17 14 24
----- ----- -----
Research and development, net................. 35 40 97
Sales and marketing, net...................... 17 16 39
General and administrative.................... 10 13 25
Non-cash compensation......................... 3 3 5
----- ----- -----
Total operating expenses........................... 65 72 166
----- ----- -----
Operating loss..................................... (17) (16) (112)
Financial income (expenses), net:
Non-cash charge for warrants.................. (12) -- --
Interest income, net.......................... 1 26 33
----- ----- -----
Total financial income (expenses), net........ (11) 26 33
Net Income (loss).................................. (28)% 10% (79)%
====== ===== ======
Year Ended December 31, 2001 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2000
Revenues. Revenues in 2001 were $14 million, a decrease of $9.3 million
compared with revenues of $23.3 million in 2000. The decrease in revenues
reflects general economic conditions and increased weakness in the
telecommunication market in North America and Europe, and the fact the customers
have reduced orders while diminishing inventories previously purchased.
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues was $6.4 million in 2001, a decrease
of $3.9 million compared with cost of revenues of $10.3 million in 2000. This
decrease is primarily attributable to the decrease in revenues. Cost of revenues
as a percentage of revenues increase to 46% in 2001 from 44% in 2000, primarily
attributable to the decrease in revenues volume and the fixed cost elements in
the cost of good sold.
Gross Research and Development Expenses. Gross research and development
expenses were $17 million in 2001, an increase of $4.4 million compared with
gross research and development expenses of $12.6 million in 2000. This increase
is primarily attributable to enhancement of our research and development
focusing in our SHDSL and VDSL products, including increase in personnel
(increased expenses of $3.1 million). Gross research and development as a
percentage of revenues increased to 121% in 2001 from 54% in 2000 primarily
attributable to the decrease in revenues volume, and also the increase in gross
research and development expenses mentioned above. We expect to continue
investing significant resources in research and development programs for new
products and enhancements of existing products.
Research and Development, Net. Grants from the Office of the Chief
Scientist, totaling $3.5 million in 2001 compared with $3.4 million in 2000, are
applied as reductions to gross research and development expenses. Research and
development expenses (net) were $13.6 million in 2001, or 97% of revenues,
compared with $9.2 million in 2000, or 40% of revenues. As grants were
approximately the same in both 2000 and 2001, the increase in research and
development, net, as a percentage of revenue is attributable, to the decrease in
revenues volume, and also the increase in gross research and development
expenses mentioned above.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses were $5.5 million in
2001, an increase of $1.8 million compared with sales and marketing expenses of
$3.7 million in 2000. This increase is primarily attributable to enhancement of
sales channels in North America and the resulting increase in personnel
(increased expenses of $1.1 million). Sales and marketing expenses, as a
percentage of revenues, were 39% in 2001 compared to 16% in 2000 primarily
attributable to the decrease in revenues volume.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses were
$3.5 million in 2001, an increase of $500,000 compared with general and
administrative expenses of $3 million in 2000. This increase is primarily
attributable to one time provision for litigation. See "Item 8 -Legal
Proceedings". General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues
increased to 25% in 2001 from 13% in 2000 primarily attributable to the decrease
in revenues volume, and increase of general and administrative expenses
mentioned above.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation. Amortization of deferred
stock compensation expenses were $745,000 in 2001, a decrease of $46,000
compared with amortization of deferred stock compensation expenses of $791,000
in 2000. This change is primarily attributable to periodical amortization.
Amortization of deferred stock compensation expenses as a percentage of revenues
increased to 5% in 2001 from 3% in 2000 primarily attributable to the decrease
in revenues volume.
Financial Income (Expenses), Net. Financial income, net was $4.6
million in 2001, a decrease of $1.4 million compared with financial expenses,
net of $6 million in 2000. This change is primarily attributable to general
decline in interest rates and change in our investment mix in order to avoid
Investment Company Act constrains.
Year Ended December 31, 2000 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 1999
Revenues. Revenues in 2000 were $23.3 million, an increase of $11.6
million compared with revenues of $11.7 million in 1999. The growth in revenues
is primarily attributable to an increase in unit volume shipments to existing
customers, mainly in Europe, North American and Israel.
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues was $10.3 million in 2000, an
increase of $4.2 million compared with cost of revenues of $6.1 million in 1999.
This increase is primarily attributable to the increase in revenues. Cost of
revenues as a percentage of revenues declined to 44% in 2000 from 52% in 1999,
primarily as a result of lower manufacturing costs due to increased use of our
proprietary products in chip sets we have manufactured at the foundries, as
compared to buying fully assembled and tested chips from third parties.
Gross Research and Development Expenses. Gross research and development
expenses were $12.6 million in 2000, an increase of $6.5 million compared with
gross research and development expenses of $6.1 million in 1999. This increase
is primarily attributable to expansion of our research and development and the
resulting increase in personnel (increased expenses of $2.6 million),
subcontracting costs (increased expenses of $2 million) and other related
expenses. Gross research and development as a percentage of revenues increased
to 54% in 2000 from 52% in 1999.
Research and Development, Net. Grants from the Office of the Chief
Scientist, totaling $3.4 million in 2000 and in $2 million in 1999, are applied
as reductions to gross research and development expenses. Research and
development expenses, net were $9.2 million in 2000, or 40% of revenues,
compared with $4.1 million in 1999, or 35% of revenues, primarily as a result of
the increase in gross research and development expenses.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses, which consist of
gross sales and marketing expenses, were $3.7 million in 2000, an increase of
$1.7 million compared with sales and marketing expenses of $2 million (after
reduction of grants from the Israeli Government's Fund for Encouragement of
Marketing Activities) in 1999. This increase is primarily attributable to the
establishment of new distribution and sales channels in North America resulting
in an expense of $1,780,000 in 2000 compared with an expense of $687,000 in
1999. Sales and marketing expenses, as a percentage of revenues, were 16% in
2000 compared to 17% in 1999.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses were $3
million in 2000, an increase of $1.9 million compared with general and
administrative expenses of $1.1 million in 1999. This increase is primarily
attributable to increase of $652,000 in professional expenses and to an increase
in personnel. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues
increased to 13% in 2000 from 10% in 1999.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation. Amortization of deferred
stock compensation expenses were $791,000 in 2000, an increase of $409,000
compared with amortization of deferred stock compensation expenses of $382,000
in 1999. This increase was primarily due to our Share Option Plan (2000) under
which options to purchase 103,000 ordinary shares were granted during the year
2000.
Amortization of deferred stock compensation expenses as a percentage of
revenues remained 3% in 2000 and 1999.
Financial Income (Expenses), Net. Financial income, net were $6 million
in 2000, compared with financial expenses, net of $1.3 in 1999. This change is
primarily attributable to interest income on U.S. Treasury notes and corporate
bonds we invested with the proceeds of our public offerings.
Impact of Inflation and Currency Fluctuations
The dollar cost of our operations is influenced by the extent to which
any increase in the rate of inflation in Israel is (or is not) offset, or is
offset on a lagging basis, by the devaluation of the NIS in relation to the
dollar. Inflation in Israel will have a negative effect on our profitability as
we receive payment in dollars or dollar-linked NIS for substantially all of our
sales while we incur a portion of our expenses, principally salaries and related
personnel expenses, in NIS, unless such inflation is offset by a devaluation of
the NIS.
In 1997 and 1998, the devaluation of the NIS against the dollar
exceeded the inflation in Israel and companies experienced decreases in the
dollar cost of their operations in Israel. In 1997 and 1998 rate of inflation
was 7.0% and 8.6%, and the rate of devaluation was 8.8% and 17.6% in accordance.
In 1999 the rate of inflation was 1.34% and the appreciation rate of the NIS
against the dollar was 0.2%. In 2000 the NIS was appreciated against the dollar
in the rate of 2.7% while the rate of inflation was 0%. In 2001 the NIS was
depreciated against the dollar in the rate of 9.3% while the rate of inflation
was 1.4%. We can not be certain that the trends which have benefited us in 2001
will continue. If the dollar costs of our operations in Israel increase, our
dollar-measured results of operations will be adversely affected. We cannot
assure you that we will not be materially adversely affected in the future if
inflation in Israel exceeds the devaluation of the NIS against the dollar or if
the timing of such devaluation lags behind increases in inflation in Israel or
if the NIS will be appreciated against the dollar.
A devaluation of the NIS in relation to the dollar has the effect of
reducing the dollar amount of any of our expenses or liabilities which are
payable in NIS (unless such expenses or payables are linked to the dollar). Such
devaluation also has the effect of decreasing the dollar value of any asset
which consists of NIS or receivables payable in NIS (unless such receivables are
linked to the dollar). Conversely, any increase in the value of the NIS in
relation to the dollar has the effect of increasing the dollar value of any
unlinked NIS assets and the dollar amounts of any unlinked NIS liabilities and
expenses.
Because exchange rates between the NIS and the dollar fluctuate
continuously (albeit with a historically declining trend in the value of the
NIS), exchange rate fluctuations and especially larger periodic devaluations
will have an impact on our profitability and period-to-period comparisons of our
results. The effects of foreign currency remeasurements are reported in our
consolidated financial statements in current operations.
Corporate Tax Rate
Israeli companies are generally subject to tax at the rate of 36% of
taxable income. However, in 1994, our facility was granted "approved enterprise"
status under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, and
consequently we are eligible, subject to compliance with certain requirements,
for certain tax benefits beginning when such facility first generates taxable
income. In December 2000, our facility received an approval for extension of the
"approved enterprise" status, in the form of an additional capital investment.
We have derived, and expect to continue to derive, a substantial portion of our
income from our approved enterprise facility. Subject to compliance with
applicable requirements, the portion of our income derived from the approved
enterprise is tax-exempt for a period of two years commencing in the first year
in which there is taxable income and will be subject for the subsequent period
of five or eight years to a reduced company tax of up to 25% (the rate and
period of benefits will depend upon the percentage of non-Israeli holders of our
ordinary shares). The period of tax benefits with respect to our approved
enterprise has not yet commenced, because we have yet to realize taxable income.
As a result of the foregoing, and of our accumulated tax loss carryforwards
(which totaled approximately $25.7 million at December 31, 2001), and based on
the current tax system in Israel, we do not anticipate being subject to income
tax in Israel in 2002. Our effective corporate tax rate may substantially exceed
the Israeli tax rate. Our U.S. subsidiary will generally be subject to
applicable federal, state, local and foreign taxation, and we may also be
subject to taxation in the other foreign jurisdictions in which we own assets,
have employees or conduct activities. Our U.S. subsidiary had net loss
carry-forwards of approximately $2.9 million available at December 31, 2001 for
federal and state income tax purposes. These carry-forwards will offset future
taxable income. Because of the complexity of these local tax provisions, it is
not possible to anticipate the actual combined effective corporate tax rate
which will apply to us.
Government Grants
We conduct a substantial part of our research and development
operations in Israel. Our research and development efforts have been financed
through internal resources and grants per project from the Office of the Chief
Scientist. The Office of the Chief Scientist provided grants for research and
development efforts of approximately $1.3 million for the year ended December
31, 1998 (34% of total research and development expenses), $2 million for the
year ended December 31, 1999 (32% of total research and development expenses),
$3.4 million for the year December 31, 2000 (27% of total research and
development expenses), and $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2001
(20% of total research and development expenses). Under Israeli law, royalties
on the revenues derived from products and services developed using such grants
are payable to the Israeli Government. We are obligated to pay royalties at the
rate of 4%-4.5% of revenues. The maximum aggregate royalties payable cannot
exceed 100%-300% of the dollar-linked value of the total grants received
depending on different factors as described below (We currently pay 100%-120%).
Royalties payable with respect to grants received under programs approved after
January 1, 1999, however, will be subject to interest on the dollar-linked value
of the total grants received at an annual rate of LIBOR applicable to dollar
deposits.
The Government of Israel does not own proprietary rights in technology
developed using its funding and there is no restriction on the export of
products manufactured using the technology. The technology is, however, subject
to other legal restrictions, including the obligation to manufacture the product
based on such technology in Israel and to obtain the consent of the Office of
the Chief Scientist to transfer the technology to a third party. The Office of
the Chief Scientist may consent to the manufacture of the products outside
Israel by identified manufacturers and, in such cases, may require the payment
of increased royalties, ranging from 120% to 300% of the amount of the grant,
depending on the percentage of foreign manufacture. Therefore, in 2001 Metalink
was required by the Office of the Chief Scientist to pay increased royalties of
120% of the amount of year 2001 grant. These restrictions continue to apply even
after we shall have paid the full amount of royalties payable in respect of the
grants. Since our manufacturing activities are performed by subcontractors
outside of Israel, the consent of the Office of the Chief Scientist is required
for these activities and additional consents will be required in connection with
the manufacturing of products developed in the future with Office of the Chief
Scientist grants. The letters of approval under which we received the grants do
not specifically refer to our manufacturing activities outside of Israel,
however, we believe that the Office of the Chief Scientist has adequately
expressed its consent to such activities. There can be no assurance that the
consents granted to date by the Office of the Chief Scientist will be deemed to
be adequate under applicable laws and regulations or that such consents will not
be reversed or modified in any way or that we will obtain consents for such
activities at all from the Office of the Chief Scientist in the future. Failure
to comply with the requirement for consents for manufacturing outside of Israel
could result in penalties, cancellation of grants and denial of any future
applications for grants or for these consents. If the consents obtained from the
Office of the Chief Scientist to manufacture our chip sets outside of Israel are
terminated or if we are unable to obtain similar consents in the future, our
business could be harmed. Based upon the aggregate grants received to date, we
expect that we will continue to pay royalties to the Office of the Chief
Scientist on sales of our products and related services for the foreseeable
future. From time to time, provisions of Israeli law relating to the terms of
the Office of the Chief Scientist participations have been amended and may be
further amended in the future. The budget of the Office of the Chief Scientist
has been subject to reductions and such reductions may affect the availability
of funds for the Office of the Chief Scientist participations in the future.
The Government of Israel, through the marketing fund, awards grants to
Israeli companies for overseas marketing expenses, including expenses for
maintaining branches, advertising, catalogs, exhibitions and surveys. We
received grants from the marketing fund totaling $126,000 in 1998 and $20,000 in
1999. We are required to pay royalties in connection with such grants at a rate
of 4% of the increase in foreign sales up to the total dollar-linked amount of
such grants. If we fail to satisfy the terms and conditions of the grants, we
may be required to refund the grants already received.
We paid or accrued to the Office of the Chief Scientist and to the
marketing fund $212,000 for the year ended December 31, 1998, $385,000 for the
year ended December 31, 1999, $469,000 for the year December 31, 2000, and
$364,000 for the year December 31, 2001.
D. Liquidity and Capital Resources
At December 31, 2001, we had cash and cash equivalents of $15.95
million and short-term investments of $65 million. At December 31, 2000, we had
cash and cash equivalents of $8.85 million and short-term investments of $86.3
million. In December 1999, we completed our initial public offering of 4,600,000
ordinary shares, from which we received net proceeds of approximately $49.8
million. In March 22, 2000, we completed our secondary offering of 1,500,000
ordinary shares, from which we received net proceeds of approximately $62.7
million.
Our total proceeds, net of royalties paid or accrued, from
royalty-bearing government grants was $10 million as of December 31, 2001, $7
million as of December 31, 2000, and $4 million as of December 31, 1999.
Capital expenditures were $698,000 for the year ended December 31,
1999, $5,373,000 for the year ended December 31, 2000 and $3,420,000 for the
year ended December 31, 2001. These expenditures were principally for capital
equipment and software for our research and development activities. We expect to
invest additional resources for capital equipment and software.
Net cash used in operating activities was $7,874,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2001. Net cash used in operating activities during 2001 was
primarily due to net loss and offset by depreciation and amortization,
amortization of deferred stock compensation and decrease in working capital. Net
cash provided by operating activities was $2,245,000 for the year ended December
31, 2000. Net cash used in operating activities was $509,000 in 1999.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $23.7 million for the
year ended December 31, 2001. $27.1 million cash was provided from sales of
marketable debt securities held in Metalink's tressury and $3.4 million was used
for the purchase of property and equipment. Net cash used in investing
activities was $61.2 million in 2000, and $45.9 million in 1999.
Net cash used in financing activities was $8.8 million for the year
ended December 31, 2001 and was primarily attributable to repurchase (buy-back)
of shares that then became treasury stock. Net cash provided by financing
activities was $63.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2000 and was
primarily attributable to the proceeds of our secondary public offering. Net
cash provided by financing activities was $49.6 million in 1999 and was
primarily attributable to the proceeds of our initial public offering.
We believe that cash generated from operations, our unused cash balances,
governmental research and development in Israel and the net proceeds from our
initial public offering and our secondary offering will provide sufficient cash
resources to finance our operations and the projected expansion of our sales and
marketing and research and development activities for at least the next twelve
months. However, if our operations do not generate cash to the extent currently
anticipated or if we grow more rapidly than currently anticipated, it is
possible that we will require additional funds at some point in the future.
E. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
See "Item 4 - Information on the Company - Business Overview - Research
and Development," "Item 4 - Information on the Company - Business Overview -
Proprietary Rights" and " - Operating Results."
F. Trend Information
Telecommunications service providers and their customers are the
principal end-users of substantially all of our products. Recently, the
telecommunications industry in much of the world, including in our principal
geographic markets, has been experiencing an apparent slowdown, resulting in
decreases and delays in the procurement and deployment of new telecommunications
equipment. As a result, we have experienced a significant decline in demand for
our products in 2001 compared to 2000. It is likely that any prolonged and
substantial curtailment of growth in the telecommunications industry will have
an adverse effect, which may be material, upon us. Any such curtailment may
result from circumstances unrelated to us or our product offerings and over
which we have no control.
ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table lists our current directors and executive officers:
Name Age Position
Tvzi Shukhman................. 41 Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer
J. Francois Crepin............ 55 President, Member of the Office of the CEO and Director
Ofer Lavie.................... 57 Chief Financial Officer
Hudi Zack..................... 36 Chief Operating Officer
Ronen Avron................... 45 Vice President, International Sales
Danny Gur..................... 44 Vice President, Business Development
Daniel Manor ................. 32 Vice President, Marketing
Aviva Gatt ................... 48 Vice President of Human Resources
Uzi Rozenberg................. 42 Director
Efi Shenhar................... 46 Director
Sarit Weiss-Firon............. 36 Director
Joe Markee.................... 49 Director
Syrus Madavi.................. 52 Director
Meir Bar-El................... 58 Director
Tzvi Shukhman, a co-founder of our company, has served as our Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors from our inception in
1992. Prior to May 1999, Mr. Shukhman also served as our President. From March
1989 until March 1993, Mr. Shukhman served as an independent consultant for RAD
Data Communications and ECI. Prior thereto, Mr. Shukhman served in the Israel
Defense Forces where he founded a group involved in digital signal processing
applications. Mr. Shukhman has an M.Sc. from The Technion, Israel Institute of
Technology.
J. Francois Crepin has served as our President, Member of the Office of
the CEO, since January 2001 and as a director since May 1999. Since May 1999
until December 2000 Mr. Crepin served as our President and Chief Operating
Officer. From February 1997 to April l999, Mr. Crepin served as President of
Bandwidth Communications Management, a privately held consulting company
focusing on semiconductor companies. From January 1986 to February 1997, Mr.
Crepin held different Vice President positions at Level One, including marketing
and sales and business development. Prior to joining Level One, Mr. Crepin
served as Director of Strategic Planning for Information Communications for LSI
Logic Corporation. Mr. Crepin holds a B.Sc. in mathematics from Grenoble
University and an M.B.A. from the University of Paris.
Ofer Lavie has served as our Chief Financial Officer since November
1999. Mr. Lavie has also served as a member of the board of Ophir Tours Ltd
since August 2001. Prior thereto from April 1991, Mr. Lavie served as Chief
Financial Officer of Electro-Optics Industries Ltd., a company engaged in
research and development and production of military systems and other commercial
business areas. From October 1990 to March 1991, Mr. Lavie served as the
President and Chief Executive Officer of GMA Communications Ltd., a company
engaged in the manufacture of telephone key systems. From November 1984, to
September 1990, Mr. Lavie held different corporate positions at Tadiran
Electronics Ltd. Mr. Lavie has a B.Sc. in economics from Tel Aviv University.
Hudi Zack has served as our Chief Operating Officer since January 2001.
Since May 1995 until December 2000, Mr. Zack served as our Vice President,
Engineering. From October 1997 to April 1999, Mr. Zack served as a senior
program manager at BVR Systems (1998) Ltd., where he was in charge of an
innovative simulation system project. From September 1995 to October 1997, Mr.
Zack served as a project manager at Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd. Prior
thereto, from January 1989, Mr. Zack served as a project officer in the Israel
Air Force, where he supervised various large-scale communications and radar
development projects. Mr. Zack has a M.S.E.E. from Tel Aviv University and a
B.Sc. in mathematics and physics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Ronen Avron has served as our Vice President of International Sales
since May, 2002. From September 1999 till April 2002, Mr. Avron served as
Regional Director in Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd having business and sales
responsibility for all of the Pacific area. Prior thereto during the years
1995-1999, Mr. Avron was stationed in Seoul Korea, managing the Korean and
Taiwanese offices of Rafael Armaments Development Authority of the state of
Israel with responsibility for Sales, Marketing and Business Development for
that territory. Previous to that during the years 1993- 1995 Mr. Avron was the
Sales and Marketing Manager for Asia and Pacific Rim of RND Ltd of the RAD
Group. Mr. Avron served in the Israeli Air Force as a pilot for 7 years,
1975-1982. Mr. Avron holds degrees of BSEE from Tel Aviv University, and MBA
from Boston University (London Branch).
Danny Gur has served as our Vice President, Business Development since
1995. In addition, Mr. Gur has served as President of Metalink, Inc. since its
inception in 1997. Prior thereto, Mr. Gur held various technical and marketing
positions at Scitex Corp., Opal Ltd., Opal Inc. and Eurom Ltd. Mr. Gur has a
B.Sc, in mathematics and computer science and an M.B.A. from Tel Aviv
University.
Daniel Manor has served as our Vice President, Marketing since October
2001, and as Associate Vice President, Marketing - Networking Solutions since
March 2001. From July 2000 to February 2001, Mr. Manor served as Director of
Marketing in Tioga Technologies Ltd. From 1995 to 2000, Mr. Manor held different
marketing and research and developments positions in Orckit Communications Ltd.
Mr. Manor holds a B.Sc. Degree in Math and Physics from the Jerusalem Hebrew
University.
Aviva Gatt has served as our VP Human Resources since March, 2000. From
1998 to 2000 Ms. Gatt served as Director of Human Resources for Texas
Instruments Cable Broadband Communications. From 1994 to 1998 Ms. Gatt served as
Director of Human Resources at Nice Systems. From 1991 to 1998 Ms. Gatt served
as recruitment manager at Tadiran Telecommunications. Ms. Gatt holds a Bachelors
in Social Work from Jerusalem's Hebrew University and an MBA from New York's
Polytechnic University.
Uzi Rozenberg, a co-founder of our company, has served as a director from
1992 until 1997 and since August 1999. Mr. Rozenberg is also the founder and
Chief Executive Officer of USR Electronics Ltd. since February 1987. Mr.
Rozenberg served as a director of Orbot Ltd. from 1992 to 1996 and as a director
of Gibor Sport Ltd. from 1993 to 1997. Mr. Rozenberg and Mr. Shenhar are
brothers.
Efi Shenhar has served as a director since July 1995. From March 1987 until
February 1999, Mr. Shenhar has served as a Vice President of USR Electronics
Systems (1987) Ltd., an electronic manufacturing services company. Mr. Shenhar
has a B.A. in accounting and economics from Tel Aviv University and an M.B.A.
from Herriot Watt University. Mr. Shenhar is a certified public accountant. Mr.
Shenhar and Mr. Rozenberg are brothers.
Sarit Weiss-Firon has served as a director since October 2000. Ms.
Weiss-Firon currently serves as the Chief Financial Officer of P-Cube, Inc.
since 2000. From 1997 to 1999 Ms. Weiss-Firon served as Chief Financial Officer
of Radcom. From 1995 to 1996, Ms. Weiss-Firon served as vice-comptroller at Rad
Company for six months before being appointed comptroller. From 1992 to 1994,
Ms. Weiss-Firon was an intern at Kesselmann & Kesselman Accountants. Ms. Weiss
Firon has a B.A. in Accounting and Economics from Tel Aviv University.
Joe Markee has served as a director since July 23, 2001. Mr. Markee
currently serves as a member of the board of directors of Copper Mountain
Networks. Mr. Markee is the Founder and was Chairman of the Board of Copper
Mountain. Prior to founding Copper Mountain, Mr. Markee was a co-founder of
Primary Access, a leading remote access server company acquired by 3Com
Corporation in 1995. At 3Com/Primary Access, Mr. Markee was a member of the
senior management team, serving as Vice President of Operations and Vice
President of Support. Mr. Markee began his career in product management and
engineering capacities at General Instrument Corporation and M/A-Com Linkabit.
Mr. Markee holds a B.S. Degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
from the University of California at Davis.
Syrus Madavi has served as a director since October 29, 2001. Mr. Madavi
currently serves as chairman of the Board, and executive chairman for ON
Semiconductor Corporation. From September 2000 to March 2002 Mr. Madavi served
as a senior vice president of Texas Instruments Corporation. Until September
2000, Mr. Madavi was Chairman, CEO and President of Burr-Brown Corporation.
During September 2000, Burr-Brown was acquired by Texas Instruments Corporation.
Prior to joining Burr-Brown, Mr. Madavi was President of Raytheon Semiconductor
Corporation. Mr. Madavi's professional engineering work experience includes
employment with General Electric developing hardware and software for imaging
systems and he has also held several other positions designing and trouble
shooting various types of electronic systems. Mr. Madavi has a BSEE degree and a
Masters degree in Computer Science from Stevens Institute of Technology, as well
as an MBA from UCLA in Finance.
Meir Bar-El was approved by the board on June 2002 for submission to the
shareholders to be elected as external director. Mr. Bar-El currently serves as
the Deputy General Director, and Director of the General Division of the
Manufacturers' Association of Israel, a General Director of the Israeli Plastics
& Rubber Industry, and a Genaral Director of the Israeli Furniture Industries
Association. Mr. Bar-El also has served as External Director for Mifalley Etz
Carmiel Ltd since June 1998, External Director for Ophir Tours Ltd since August
1998, and as a Director for the Wood Products & Furniture Export Economic
Company. Mr. Bar-El has a B.A. in Economics from Jerusalem University.
B. Compensation
The aggregate remuneration we paid for the year ended December 31, 2001
to all executive officers as a group (11 persons), was approximately $1,708,000
in salaries, fees, commissions and bonuses. This amount includes approximately
$145,000 set aside or accrued to provide for pension, retirement or similar
benefits provided to our directors and executive officers.
Members of our board of directors (other than external directors) who
are not executive officers do not receive compensation for their service on the
board of directors or any committee of the board of directors, but they are
reimbursed for their expenses for each board of directors meeting attended.
During 2001 we granted to our directors and executive officers options
to purchase 237,000 ordinary shares under our option plans, of which 20,000
options are subject to shareholder approval. The weighted average exercise price
of these options was $5.7 per share and they expire within 10 years from the
date they were issued.
C. Board Practices
Our directors, other than our external directors, are elected at annual
general meetings by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power
represented at such meeting in person or by proxy and voting on the election of
directors. Each director shall serve, subject to our articles of association,
until the annual general meeting next following the annual general meeting at
which such director was elected.
External Directors
We are subject to the provisions of the new Israeli Companies Law,
5759-1999, which became effective on February 1, 2000 superseding most of the
provisions of the Israeli Companies Ordinance (New Version), 5743-1983. The
Companies Law authorizes the Minister of Justice to adopt regulations exempting
from the provisions described below companies, like us, whose shares are traded
outside of Israel.
Under the Companies Law, companies incorporated under the laws of
Israel whose shares have been offered to the public in or outside of Israel are
required to appoint two external directors. The Companies Law provides that a
person may not be appointed as an external director if the person or the
person's relative, partner, employer or any entity under the person's control,
has, as of the date of the person's appointment to serve as external director,
or had, during the two years preceding that date, any affiliation with the
company, any entity controlling the company or any entity controlled by the
company or by this controlling entity. The term affiliation includes:
o an employment relationship;
o a business or professional relationship maintained on a regular basis;
o control; and
o service as an office holder.
No person can serve as an external director if the person's position or
other business creates, or may create, conflict of interests with the person's
responsibilities as an external director. Until the lapse of two years from
termination of office, a company may not engage an external director to serve as
an office holder and cannot employ or receive services from that person, either
directly or indirectly, including through a corporation controlled by that
person.
External directors are to be elected by a majority vote at a
shareholders meeting, provided that either:
o a majority of the shares voted at the meeting, including at least one
third of the shares of non-controlling shareholders, vote in favor of
the election; or
o the total number of shares voted against the election of the external
director does not exceed one percent of the aggregate number of voting
shares of the company.
The initial term of an external director is three years and may be
extended for an additional three years. Each committee of a company's board of
directors is required to include at least one external director. On June 20,
2002, the board of directors approved Mr. Meir Bar-El for submission to the
shareholders to be elected as an external director, at the next annual
shareholders meeting of the company, joining Ms. Sarit Weiss-Firon who has
served as an external director since October 2000.
Audit Committee
Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of any company that is
required to nominate external directors must also appoint an audit committee,
comprised of at least three directors including all of the external directors,
but excluding a:
o chairman of the board of directors;
o general manager;
o chief executive officer; and
o controlling shareholder and any director employed by the company or
who provides services to the company on a regular basis.
The role of the audit committee is to examine flaws in the business
management of the company, in consultation with the internal auditor and the
company's independent accountants and suggest appropriate course of action. In
addition, the approval of the audit committee is required to effect specified
actions and transactions with office holders and interested parties.
An interested party is defined in the Companies Law as a 5% or greater
shareholder, any person or entity who has the right to designate one director or
more or the general manager of the company or any person who serves as a
director or as a general manager.
An audit committee may not approve an action or a transaction with an
interested party or with an office holder unless at the time of approval the two
external directors are serving as members of the audit committee and at least
one of whom was present at the meeting in which an approval was granted.
Under the Companies Law, the board of directors must also appoint an
internal auditor proposed by the audit committee. The role of the internal
auditor is to examine, whether the company's actions comply with the law,
integrity and orderly business procedure. Under the Companies Law, the internal
auditor may not be an interested party, an office holder, or an affiliate, or a
relative of an interested party, an office holder or affiliate, nor may the
internal auditor be the company's independent accountant or its representative.
On April 2001, we appointed Mr. Jonathan Glazer as our internal auditor. See
"--Committees" for information relating to our audit committee.
Approval of Specified Related Party Transactions Under Israeli Law
Fiduciary Duties of Office Holders
The Companies Law imposes a duty of care and a duty of loyalty on all
office holders of a company, including directors and executive officers. The
duty of care requires an office holder to act with the level of care with which
a reasonable office holder in the same position would have acted under the same
circumstances. The duty of care includes a duty to use reasonable means to
obtain:
o information on the appropriateness of a given action brought for his
approval or performed by him by virtue of his position; and
o all other important information pertaining to the previous actions.
The duty of loyalty of an office holder includes a duty to:
o refrain from any conflict of interest between the performance of his
duties in the company and his personal affairs;
o refrain from any activity that is competitive with the company;
o refrain from exploiting any business opportunity of the company to
receive a personal gain for himself or others; and
o disclose to the company any information or documents relating to a
company's affairs which the office holder has received due to his
position as an office holder.
Each person listed in the table under "Directors and Senior Management"
above is an office holder. Directors' compensation arrangements also require
audit committee approval before board approval and shareholder approval.
The Companies Law requires that an office holder of a company promptly
disclose any personal interest that he may have and all related material
information known to him in connection with any existing or proposed transaction
by the company. A personal interest of an office holder includes an interest of
a company in which the office holder is, directly or indirectly, a 5% or greater
shareholder, director or general manager or in which he has the right to appoint
at least one director or the general manager. In the case of an "extraordinary
transaction", the office holder's duty to disclose applies also to a personal
interest of the office holder's relative. The office holder must also disclose
any personal interest held by the office holder's spouse, siblings, parents,
grandparents, descendants, spouse's descendants and the spouses of any of the
foregoing.
Under Israeli law, an extraordinary transaction is a transaction:
o other than in the ordinary course of business;
o other than on market terms; or
o that is likely to have a material impact on the company's
profitability, assets or liabilities.
Under the Companies Law, once an office holder complies with the above
disclosure requirement the board of directors may approve a transaction between
the company and such office holder or a third party in which such office holder
has a personal interest, unless the articles of association provide otherwise. A
transaction that is adverse to the company's interest cannot be approved.
If the transaction is an extraordinary transaction, both the audit
committee and the board of directors must approve the transaction. Under
specific circumstances, shareholder approval may also be required. An office
holder who has a personal interest in a matter which is considered at a meeting
of the board of directors or the audit committee may not be present at the
meeting or vote on the matter.
Disclosure of Personal Interests of a Controlling Shareholder
Under the Companies Law, the disclosure requirements which apply to an
office holder also apply to a controlling shareholder of a public company. A
controlling shareholder includes a shareholder that holds 25% or more of the
voting rights in a public company if no other shareholder owns more than 50% of
the voting rights in the company. Extraordinary transactions with a controlling
shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, and
the terms of compensation of a controlling shareholder who is an office holder,
require the approval of the audit committee, the board of directors and the
shareholders of the company. Shareholder approval is satisfied by the vote of a
majority of the voting power present and voting (in person, by proxy or by
written ballot) at a shareholder meeting, so long as either:
o the approving majority includes at least one-third of the shareholders
who have no personal interest in the transaction; or
o the shareholders who have no personal interest in the transaction who
vote against the transaction do not represent more than one percent of
the voting rights in the company.
For information concerning the direct and indirect personal interests
of certain of our office holders and principal shareholders in certain
transactions with us, see "Item 7- Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions."
Exculpation, Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Under the Companies Law, an Israeli company may not exempt an office
holder from liability with respect to a breach of his duty of loyalty, but may
exempt in advance an office holder from his liability to the company, in whole
or in part, with respect to a breach of his duty of care.
Office Holder Insurance
Our articles of association provide that, subject to the provisions of
the Companies Law, we may enter into a contract for the insurance of the
liability of any of our office holders with respect to:
o a breach of his duty of care to us or to another person;
o a breach of his duty of loyalty to us, provided that the office holder
acted in good faith and had reasonable cause to assume that his act
would not prejudice our interests; or
o a financial liability imposed upon him in favor of another person
concerning an act performed by him in his capacity as an office holder.
Indemnification of Office Holders
Our articles of association provide that we may indemnify an office
holder against:
o a financial liability imposed on him in favor of another person by
any judgement, including a settlement or an arbitrator's award
approved by a court concerning an act performed in his capacity as
an office holder; and
o reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys' fees,
expended by the office holder or charged to him by a court, in
proceedings we institute against him or instituted on our behalf
or by another person, or in a criminal charge from which he was
acquitted, or a criminal charge in which he was convicted for a
criminal offense that does not require proof of intent, in each
case relating to an act performed in his capacity as an office
holder.
Under the new Companies Law, these provisions are subject to
shareholder approval.
Limitations on Insurance and Indemnification
The Companies Law provides that a company may not indemnify an office
holder nor enter into an insurance contract which would provide coverage for any
monetary liability incurred as a result of any of the following:
o a breach by the office holder of his duty of loyalty unless the office
holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that
the act would not prejudice the company;
o a breach by the office holder of his duty of care if the breach was
done intentionally or recklessly;
o any act or omission done with the intent to derive an illegal personal
benefit; or
o any fine levied against the office holder.
In addition, under the Companies Law, indemnification of, and
procurement of insurance coverage for, our office holders must be approved by
our audit committee and our board of directors and, in specified circumstances,
by our shareholders.
We have obtained director's and officer's liability insurance. In
addition we entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and
executive officers in accordance with our articles of association.
Committees
Our board of directors has formed an executive committee, an audit
committee and a share incentive committee. The executive committee exercises the
power of the board of directors with respect to matters that require the action
of the board of directors, between meetings of the board of directors subject to
section 112 of the Companies Law. The audit committee, which consists of Ms.
Weiss-Firon, Mr. Meir Bar-El and Mr. Joe Markee, exercises the powers of the
board of directors with respect to our accounting, reporting and financial
control practices. Our share incentive committee administers our share option
plans but pursuant to Section 122 of the Companies Law, may only advise our
Board of Directors with regard to the granting of options and the actual grants
must be performed by the Board of Directors.
Management Employment Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive
officers, other than our chief executive officer. These agreements contain
various provisions, including provisions relating to assignment of intellectual
property rights to us and confidentiality and are in effect until terminated by
either party upon advance notice or otherwise in accordance with the terms of
the particular agreement. All of these agreements also contain non-competition
provisions. Under the Companies Law, in a company whose shares are traded on a
stock exchange the company's chairman of the board may not be the person serving
as chief executive officer. However, the shareholders of the company may approve
the service of the chief executive officer also as a chairman of the board for a
period of up to three years, provided, that at least two-thirds of the votes of
non-controlling shareholders present and voting at the meeting vote
affirmatively. Accordingly, on October 2000, our shareholders approved the
service of Tzvi Shukhman as our chief executive officer and chairman of the
board.
D. Employees
As of March 31, 2002, we had 147 employees worldwide, of which 89 were
employed in research and development, 23 in sales and marketing, 16 in
management and administration, and 19 in operations and quality assurance. As of
March 31, 2002, 122 of our employees were based in Israel and 25 were based in
the United States. We had 141 employees worldwide as of December 31, 2001, 133
employees worldwide as of December 31, 2000, and 88 employees worldwide as of
December 31, 1999. We have standard employment agreements with all of our
employees, other than our chief executive officer. All of our employees, other
than our chief executive officer, have executed employment agreements, including
confidentiality and non-compete provisions with us.
We are subject to labor laws and regulations in Israel and the United
States. We and our Israeli employees are also subject to certain provisions of
the general collective bargaining agreements between the Histadrut (General
Federation of Labor in Israel) and the Coordination Bureau of Economic
Organizations (including the Industrialists Association) by order of the Israeli
Ministry of Labor and Welfare. None of our employees is represented by a labor
union and we have not experienced any work stoppages.
E. Share Ownership
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the
ownership of our ordinary shares by our directors and officers as of March 31,
2002. The percentage of outstanding ordinary shares is based on 18,325,438
ordinary shares outstanding as of March 31, 2002.
Number of Ordinary Percentage of
Shares Beneficially Outstanding Ordinary
Name Owned(1) Shares(2) Number of Options
Tzvi Shukhman................ 4,776,424 26.1% --
Uzi Rozenberg................ 3,986,095 21.8% --
Danny Gur(3)................. -- -- 100,829
Efi Shenhar(4)............... * * 36,095
Erez Kleinman(5)............. * * 63,000
J. Francois Crepin(6)........ * * 399,500
Danny Manor (7).............. * * 79,000
Ofer Lavie(8)................ -- -- 194,500
Hudi Zack(9)................. -- -- 226,550
Syrus Madavi (10)............ -- -- 40,000
Aviva Gatt(11)............... -- -- 66,000
Joe Markee(12)............... -- -- 40,000
Ronen Avron(13).............. -- -- 60,000
Sarit Weiss-Firon............ -- -- --
Zohar Gilon(14).............. -- -- --
Alan Litchfield(15).......... -- -- --
Meir Bar-El.................. -- -- --
All directors and executive
officers as a group (16
persons)..................... 8,794,798 48.00% 1,305,474
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* Less than 1%.
(1) Except as otherwise noted and pursuant to applicable community property
laws, each person named in the table has sole voting and investment power
with respect to all ordinary shares listed as owned by such person.
Shares beneficially owned include shares that may be acquired pursuant to
options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2002.
(2) Ordinary shares deemed beneficially owned by virtue of the right of any
person or group to acquire such shares within 60 days of March 31, 2002,
are treated as outstanding only for the purposes of determining the
percent owned by such person or group.
(3) Includes (i) options to purchase 329 ordinary shares which are
exercisable as of March 31, 2002 at an exercise price of $2.27 per share,
(ii) options to purchase 90,000 ordinary shares, of which 46,500 are
exercisable as of March 31, 2002 and 43,500 are exercisable over the
period between June 2002 and November 2004, at an exercise price of $8.00
per share, (iii) options to purchase 4,500 ordinary shares, which are
exercisable as of March 31, 2002, at an exercise price of $21.625 per
share, and (iv) options to purchase 6,000 ordinary shares which are
exercisable between June 2002 and January 2003, at an exercise price of
$3.07 per share.
(4) Includes (i) options to purchase 12,095 ordinary shares, which are
exercisable as of March 31, 2002 at per value, and (ii) options to
purchase 24,000 ordinary shares, of which 13,333 are exercisable as of
March 31, 2002 and 10,667 are exercisable over the period between June
2002 and January 2004, at an exercise price of $15.75 per share.
(5) Includes (i) options to purchase 60,000 ordinary shares, of which 33,000
are exercisable as of March 31, 2002 and 27,000 are exercisable over the
period between June 2002 and September 2004, at an exercise price of
$4.00 per share, and (ii) options to purchase 3,000 ordinary shares,
which are exercisable as of March 31, 2002, at an exercise price of
$21.625 per share. As of March 31, 2002 Mr. Klienman is no longer our
vice president of operations. Nevertheless, Mr. Klienman remained to work
for Metalink in the operations department.
(6) Includes (i) options to purchase 370,000 ordinary shares, of which
250,000 are exercisable as of March 31, 2002 and 120,000 are exercisable
between June 2002 and May 2003, at an exercise price of $5.00 per share,
(ii) options to purchase 9,500 ordinary shares, which are exercisable as
of March 31, 2002, at an exercise price of $21.625 per share, (iii)
options to purchase 3,000 ordinary shares, which are exercisable as of
March 31, 2002, at an exercise price of $2.29 per share, and (iv) options
to purchase 17,000 ordinary shares which are exercisable between June
2002 and January 2003, at an exercise price of $3.07 per share.
(7) Includes (i) options to purchase 50,000 ordinary shares, of which 15,625
are exercisable as of March 31, 2002 and 34,375 are exercisable between
June 2002 and March 2005, at an exercise price of $9.00 per share, (ii)
options to purchase 15,000 ordinary shares which are exercisable between
June 2002 and June 2004, at an exercise price of $6.19 per share, and
(iii) options to purchase 14,000 ordinary shares which are exercisable
between June 2002 and January 2003, at an exercise price of $3.07 per
share.
(8) Includes (i) options to purchase 180,000 ordinary shares, of which
116,250 are exercisable as of March 31, 2002 and 63,750 are exercisable
over the period between June 2002 and October 2003, at an exercise price
of $7.65 per share, (ii) options to purchase 4,500 ordinary shares which
are exercisable as of March 31, 2002, at an exercise price of $21.625 per
share, and (iii) options to purchase 10,000 ordinary shares which are
exercisable between June 2002 and January 2003, at an exercise price of
$3.07 per share.
(9) Includes (i) options to purchase 125,050 ordinary shares, of which 75,030
are exercisable as of March 31, 2002 and 50,020 are exercisable over the
period between June 2002 and May 2004, at an exercise price of $5.00 per
share, (ii) options to purchase 18,000 ordinary shares, of which 9,300
are exercisable as of March 31, 2002 and 8,700 are exercisable over the
period between June 2002 and November 2004, at an exercise price of $8.00
per share, (iii) options to purchase 6,500 ordinary shares which are
exercisable as of March 31, 2002, at an exercise price of $21.625 per
share, (iv) options to purchase 10,000 ordinary shares, which are
exercisable as of March 31, 2002, at an exercise price of $9.25 per
share, (v) options to purchase 50,000 ordinary shares, of which 10,000
are exercisable as of March 31, 2002 and 40,000 are exercisable over the
period between June 2002 and December 2005, at an exercise price of $9.25
per share, and (vi) options to purchase 17,000 ordinary shares which are
exercisable between June 2002 and January 2003, at an exercise price of
$3.07 per share.
(10) Includes options to purchase 40,000 ordinary shares, which are
exercisable between June 2002 and October 2003, at an exercise price of
$2.09 per share.
(11) Includes (i) options to purchase 1,000 ordinary shares, which are
exercisable as of March 31, 2002, at an exercise price of $21.625 per
share, (ii) options to purchase 50,000 ordinary shares, of which 26,000
are exercisable as of March 31, 2002 and 24,000 are exercisable over the
period between June 2002 and March 2005, at an exercise price of $16.50
per share, (iii) options to purchase 5,000 ordinary shares, which are
exercisable as of March 31, 2002, at an exercise price of $9.25 per share,
and (iv) ) options to purchase 10,000 ordinary shares which are
exercisable between June 2002 and January 2003, at an exercise price of
$3.07 per share.
(12) Includes options to purchase 40,000 ordinary shares, of which 20,000 are
exercisable as of March 31, 2002, and 20,000 are exercisable over the
period between June 2002 and May 2003, at an exercise price of $9.00 per
share.
(13) Includes options to purchase 60,000 ordinary shares, which are exercisable
between June 2002 and May 2006, at an exercise price of $4.15 per share.
(14) Mr. Gilon resigned effective on October 4, 2001.
(15) Mr. Litchfield terminated employment on September 30, 2001.
Share Option Plans
We have five employee share option plans and one additional option
plan, Share Option Plan (2000), for our advisors and independent contractors.
Options granted under our option plans generally vest over a period of five
years. The expiration dates of the options range from 10 to 25 years from the
date of grant. Our share option plans are administered by the share incentive
committee of our board of directors or, if the board of directors deems fit, by
our board of directors. Under section 112 of the Israeli Companies Law, the
share incentive committee may only advise our board of directors with regard to
the grant of options, and the actual grant is performed by our board of
directors. All of our employees and directors are eligible to participate in our
employee option plans. Members of our advisory board and our independent
contractors are eligible to receive options under our Share Option Plan (2000).
As of March 31, 2002, options to purchase 3,891,070 ordinary shares
under our share option plans were outstanding. As of March 31, 2002, an
additional 903,983 ordinary shares were reserved for issuance pursuant to
options issuable under our share option plans. We may increase the number of
ordinary shares reserved for issuance pursuant to options issuable under our
plans.
Stock Purchase Plan
On October 2000 we initiated our 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The
plan is implemented by consecutive offering periods with new offering periods
commencing on the first trading day on or after November 14 and May 14 each
year, or on such other date as our board shall determine, and continuing
thereafter until terminated. The plan enables eligible employees who elect to
participate in the plan to purchase ordinary shares through payroll deductions
at a price of 85% of the fair market value of the ordinary shares on the first
or the last day of each offering period, which ever is lower. Participants will
be limited to a maximum of $25,000 deducted from their compensation under the
plan during each calendar year. The maximum number of ordinary shares which
shall be available for sale under the plan shall be 160,000 shares, plus an
annual increase to be added by the first day of the year commencing 2001 equal
to the lesser of (i) 140,000 shares or (ii) 3/4% of the outstanding shares on
such date or (iii) a lesser amount determined by our board. The plan shall be
administered by our board or a committee appointed by the board. The plan shall
terminate on October 31, 2010. As of March 31, 2002, 82,221 ordinary shares were
issued under the plan. As of March 31, 2002 an additional 355,002 ordinary
shares are reserved for issuance under the plan.
ITEM 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
A. Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the
beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of March 31, 2002, by each person
or entity known to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding ordinary
shares based on information provided to us by the holders or disclosed in public
filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Percentage of
Number of Ordinary Outstanding Ordinary
Name Shares Beneficially Owned(1) Shares(2)
Tzvi Shukhman(3) 4,776,424 26.1%
Uzi Rozenberg(3) 3,986,095 21.8%
Although the shares they own do not possess voting rights different
from those of other shares, due to the size of their shareholdings Messrs. Tzvi
Shukhman and Uzi Rozenberg will control the outcome of various actions that
require shareholder approval. For example, these shareholders could elect most
of our directors, delay or prevent a transaction in which shareholders might
receive a premium over the prevailing market price for their shares and prevent
changes in control or management. Messrs. Shukhman and Rozenberg are also
parties to a voting agreement, pursuant to which they will act in concert with
respect to the nomination and election of directors. See " -- Related Party
Transactions".
On March 31, 2002, we had approximately 17 shareholders of record with
United States address, including banks, brokers and nominees. On March 31, 2002,
these United States record holders represented ownership of 8,626,077 ordinary
shares, representing approximately 47.1% of our ordinary shares outstanding as
of March 31, 2002. Because those holders of record include banks, brokers and
nominees, the beneficial owners of these ordinary shares may include persons
residing outside of the United States.
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(1) Except as otherwise noted and pursuant to applicable community property
laws, each person named in the table has sole voting and investment power
with respect to all ordinary shares listed as owned by such person.
(2) The percentage of outstanding ordinary shares is based on 18,325,438
ordinary shares outstanding as of March 31, 2002.
(3) Our major shareholders do not have voting rights different from the
voting rights of our other shareholders.
B. Related Party Transactions
Private Placements
In November 1999, we entered into agreements to borrow $2.0 million
from ECI, one of our largest customers, $1.0 million from RAD Data
Communications, our customer and an affiliate of Mr. Zisapel, and $500,000 from
Tut Systems, our customer. These loans were repaid in December 1999. In
connection with the loans, we granted ECI a warrant to purchase 80,000 of our
ordinary shares, RAD Data Communications a warrant to purchase 40,000 of our
ordinary shares and Tut Systems a warrant to purchase 20,000 of our ordinary
shares. In addition, pursuant to preemptive rights of a former employee, we
issued an additional warrant to purchase 280 of our ordinary shares. These
warrants are exercisable at an exercise price per share equal to the nominal
value of our ordinary shares, NIS 0.10. The warrants expire four years after the
date of grant. The warrants holders were also granted registration rights with
respect to the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants. We
recognized a one-time, non-cash charge of approximately $1.4 million for the
fair value of the warrants on the date of grant immediately upon repayment of
the loans in December 1999. Warrants for 106,000 ordinary shares were exercised
after the completion of our initial public offering.
Registration Rights
In connection with the private placement of our ordinary shares,
several of our shareholders were granted registration rights with respect to
their outstanding ordinary (8,687,536 ordinary shares in the aggregate as of
April 30, 2001) and warrants (34,000 ordinary shares in the aggregate). Each of
(i) the holders of a majority of the shares owned by the investors which are
parties to the Share Purchase Agreement dated as of September 19, 1996 together
with Messrs. Shukhman, Zohar Zisapel and Rozenberg as a group and (ii) the
holders of a majority of the shares purchased by the investors pursuant to the
Share Purchase Agreement dated as of August 14, 1997, ECI, RAD Data
Communications and Tut Systems, as a group, have the right to a demand on two
occasions the registration of their ordinary shares outstanding at the time of
our initial public offering in 1999, provided that the demand covers shares
representing a market value of at least $3 million. These registration rights
became exercisable at any time following the first anniversary of the
consummation of our initial public offering. In addition, each of these
shareholders has the right to have its ordinary shares included in certain of
our registration statements.
Voting Agreement
Messrs. Shukhman and Rozenberg, who together own an aggregate of
8,762,519 ordinary shares (representing approximately 47.8% of our ordinary
shares outstanding as of March 31, 2002), are parties to a voting agreement.
Pursuant to the voting agreement, they will act in concert with respect to the
nomination and election of directors.
Employment Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive
officers, other than our chief executive officer. See "Item 6--Board
Practices--Management Employment Agreements."
Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our
executive officers and directors. See "Item 6 -- Directors, Senior Management
and Employees - Board Practices--Exculption, Insurance and Indemnification of
Directors and Officers."
C. Interests of Exports and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. financial information
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Consolidated Financial Statements
The financial statements required by this item are found at the end of
this annual report, beginning on page F-1.
Other Financial Information
In the year ended December 31, 2001 the amount of our export sales was
approximately $10.98 million which represents 78.1% of our total sales.
Legal Proceedings
On July 9, 1998, a former employee filed a claim against us in the Tel
Aviv District Labor Court stating that we are obligated to issue to him ordinary
shares and to pay on his behalf any taxes relating to such issuance. In
addition, this former employee is stating that we are obligated to pay him
statutory severance pay together with the statutory penalty for late payment of
such severance pay and travel expenses. The former employee is also demanding
that we would release his manager insurance and continuing education fund. We
have filed a counterclaim against this former employee. In November 2000 we
started mediation proceedings. In March 2001, pursuant to previous agreements
with the former employee, the Tel Aviv District Labor court ordered that certain
of the disputes between the parties, which were not settled, be referred to an
arbitrator. According to the court's order, and based on agreements between the
parties, we have issued ordinary shares (which are held in trust) in favor of
the former employee and paid him statutory severance pay together with travel
expenses. We believe that the resolution of this matter will not have a material
adverse effect on our financial condition nor cause a material change in the
number of our outstanding ordinary shares. However, there can be no assurance
that we will necessarily prevail due to the inherent uncertainties in
litigation.
We are not a party to any material legal proceedings.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our ordinary
shares. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in
the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings for
use in the development of our business.
B. Significant Changes
Not applicable.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offer and Listing Details
The following table sets forth the high and low closing price for our
ordinary shares as reported by the Nasdaq National Market for the periods
indicated:
High Low
1999
Fourth Quarter (commencing December 2)................................... $ 23.81 $ 19.19
2000
First Quarter............................................................ $ 72.00 $ 16.50
Second Quarter........................................................... $ 38.75 $ 15.75
Third Quarter............................................................ $ 34.00 $ 18.00
Fourth Quarter........................................................... $ 18.50 $ 9.25
2001
First Quarter............................................................ $ 17.38 $ 7.31
Second Quarter..........................................................- $ 10.00 $ 6.19
Third Quarter............................................................ $ 6.97 $ 2.25
Fourth Quarter........................................................... $ 5.95 $ 2.04
October................................................................ $ 2.51 $ 2.04
November............................................................... $ 4.72 $ 2.24
December............................................................... $ 5.95 $ 4.25
2002
First Quarter............................................................ $ 6.5 $ 4.15
January................................................................ $ 6.5 $ 4.70
February............................................................... $ 5.16 $ 4.15
March.................................................................. $ 5.1 $ 4.20
Second Quarter (to May 31)............................................... $ 4.48 $ 3.00
April.................................................................... $ 4.48 $ 3.40
May...................................................................... $ 3.54 $ 3.00
The following table sets forth the high and low closing price for our ordinary
shares as reported by the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange for the periods indicated. The
translation into dollars is based on the daily representative rate of exchange
on the relevant date, as published by the Bank of Israel.
High Low
2000 $ NIS $ NIS
----
Fourth Quarter (commencing December 3) .......................... 14.17 58.00 9.51 38.54
2001
First Quarter ................................................... 17.54 72.70 7.47 31.48
Second Quarter .................................................. 9.86 41.20 5.99 25.02
Third Quarter ................................................... 7.53 31.45 2.23 9.75
Fourth Quarter................................................... 5.91 24.98 2.1 9.16
October........................................................ 2.42 10.41 2.1 9.16
November....................................................... 4.04 17.14 2.27 9.71
December....................................................... 5.91 24.98 4.31 18.26
2002
First Quarter.................................................... 6.33 28.59 4.00 18.91
January........................................................ 6.33 28.59 4.75 21.85
February......................................................... 5.2 1 23.89 4.00 18.91
March............................................................ 5.05 23.57 4.17 19.50
Second Quarter (to May 31)......................................... 4.23 20.22 3.01 14.66
April.............................................................. 4.23 20.22 3.62 17.67
May................................................................ 3.53 17.25 3.01 14.66
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
Our ordinary shares began trading on the Nasdaq National Market on
December 2, 1999 under the symbol "MTLK". Prior to that date, there had been no
market for our ordinary shares. As of December 3, 2000, our ordinary shares
began trading also on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange under the symbol "MTLK."
D. Selling shareholders.
Not applicable.
E. Dilution.
Not applicable.
F. Expenses of the Issue.
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. Additional Information
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
Objects and Purposes
We were first registered under Israeli law on September 7, 1992 as a
private company, and on December 2, 1999 became a public company. Our
registration number with the Israeli registrar of companies is 52-004448-8. Our
objects and purposes include a wide variety of business purposes as set forth in
Section 2 of our Memorandum of Association, which was filed with the Israeli
registrar of companies.
Transactions Requiring Special Approval
An "office holder" is defined in the Companies Law as a director,
general manager, chief business manager, deputy general manager, vice general
manager and any person assuming the responsibilities of any of the foregoing
positions without regard to such person's title and any other manager who is
directly subject to the general manager.
The Companies Law imposes a duty of care and a duty of loyalty on all
office holders of a company, including directors and executive officers. The
duty of care requires an office holder to act with the level of care which a
reasonable office holder in the same position would have acted under the same
circumstances. The duty of care includes a duty to use reasonable means to
obtain:
o information on the appropriateness of a given action brought for his
approval or performed by him by virtue of his position; and
o all other important information pertaining to the previous actions.
The duty of loyalty of an office holder includes a duty to:
o refrain from any conflict of interest between the performance of his
duties in the company and his personal affairs;
o refrain from any activity that is competitive with the company;
o refrain from exploiting any business opportunity of the company to
receive a personal gain for himself or others; and
o disclose to the company any information or documents relating to a
company's affairs which the office holder has received due to his
position as an office holder.
Each person listed in the table under "Item 6--Directors, Senior
Management and Employees--Directors and Senior Management" is an office holder.
The Companies Law requires from any office holder to disclose to the
company any personal interest that he or she may have, and all related material
information known to him or her, in connection with any existing or proposed
transaction by the company. The disclosure is required to be made promptly and
in any event, no later than the board of directors meeting in which the
transaction is first discussed. A personal interest of an office holder includes
an interest of a company in which the office holder is, directly or indirectly,
a 5% or greater shareholder, director or general manager or in which he or she
has the right to appoint at least one director or the general manager. If the
transaction is an extraordinary transaction, the office holder must also
disclose any personal interest held by his or her relative.
Under the Companies Law, an extraordinary transaction is a transaction:
o not in the ordinary course of business;
o not on market terms; or
o likely to have a material impact on the company's profitability,
assets or liabilities.
Under the Companies Law, once an office holder complies with the above
disclosure requirement, the board of directors may approve the transaction,
unless the company's articles of association provide otherwise. A transaction
that is adverse to the company's interest may not be approved. If the
transaction is an extraordinary transaction, then it also must be approved by
the audit committee, before the board approval, and under certain circumstances,
by the shareholders of the company. A director who has a personal interest in a
matter which is considered at a meeting of the board of directors or the audit
committee may not be present at this meeting or vote on this matter. If a
majority of the directors has a personal interest in an extraordinary
transaction, these directors are permitted to be present and vote, but
shareholder approval is also required.
Under the Companies Law, the disclosure requirements which apply to an
office holder also apply to a controlling shareholder of a public company. A
controlling shareholder includes a shareholder that holds 25% or more of the
voting rights in a public company if no other shareholder owns more than 50% of
the voting rights in the company. Extraordinary transactions with a controlling
shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, and
the terms of compensation of a controlling shareholder who is an office holder,
require the approval of the audit committee, the board of directors and the
shareholders of the company. The shareholder approval may include either:
o at least one-third of the shareholders who have no personal interest
in the transaction and are present and voting, in
person, by proxy or by written ballot, at the meeting; or
o a majority of the voting power present and voting, provided that the
shareholders who have no personal interest in the transaction who vote
against the transaction do not represent more than one percent of the
voting rights in the company.
For information concerning the direct and indirect personal interests
of certain of our office holders and principal shareholders in certain
transactions with us, see "Item 7--Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions--Related Party Transactions."
Directors Compensation
Under the Companies Law, all arrangements as to compensation of office
holders who are not directors require approval of the board of directors.
Arrangements as to compensation of directors also require audit committee
approval, before board approval, and shareholder approval. Nevertheless,
pursuant to our articles of association, our directors (other than external
directors) shall not be paid any remuneration for their services unless it was
expressly approved by the general meeting of our shareholders.
Directors Borrowing Powers
Our board of directors may from time to time, in its discretion, cause
the Company to borrow or secure the payment of any sum or sums of money for the
purposes of the Company. Such borrowing powers may be exercised by a majority of
the board in accordance with our articles of association.
Rights attached to our Shares
Dividend Rights. Our articles of association provide that our board of
directors may from time to time, declare such dividend as may appear to be
justified. Under the Companies Law, the declaration of a dividend does not
require the approval of the shareholders of the company, unless the company's
articles of association require otherwise. Subject to the rights of the holders
of shares with preferential or other special rights that may be authorized in
the future, holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends
according to their rights and interest in our profits. Any dividend unclaimed
after a period of seven years from the date of its declaration, shall be
forfeited and reverted to us, provided, however, that our board may, at its
discretion, cause us to pay any such dividend or any part thereof, to a person
who would have been entitled thereto, had the same not reverted to us.
Voting Rights. Holders of ordinary shares have one vote for each
ordinary shares held on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. These
voting rights may be affected by the grant of any special voting rights to the
holders of a class of shares with preferential rights that may be authorized in
the future. The ordinary shares do not have cumulative voting rights in the
election of directors. As a result, holders of ordinary shares that represent
more than 50% of the voting power have the power to elect all the directors to
the exclusion of the remaining shareholders.
Rights to Share in the Company's Profits. Our board has the power to
cause any moneys, investments, or other assets forming part of the undivided
profits of the company, standing to the credit of a reserve fund for the
redemption of capital, to be capitalized and distributed among such shareholders
as would be entitled to receive the same if distributed by way of dividend.
Liquidation Rights. In the event of our liquidation, after satisfaction
of liabilities to creditors, our assets will be distributed to the holders of
ordinary shares in proportion to their respective holdings. This liquidation
right may be affected by the grant of preferential dividends or distribution
rights to the holders of a class of shares with preferential rights that may be
authorized in the future.
Redemption Provisions. We may, subject to applicable law, issue
redeemable shares and redeem the same, and our board may redeem, in the case of
redeemable preference shares, and subject to applicable law, such shares or
fractional shares sufficient to preclude or remove fractional share holdings.
Preemptive, First Refusal and Co-Sale Rights. All outstanding ordinary
shares, are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and do not have
preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or co-sale rights.
Transfer of Shares. Fully paid ordinary shares are issued in registered
form and may be transferred pursuant to our articles of association, unless such
transfer is restricted or prohibited by another instrument and subject to
applicable securities laws.
Modification of Rights
Unless otherwise provided by our articles of association, rights
attached to any class may be modified or abrogated by a resolution adopted in a
general meeting approved by a simple majority of the voting power represented at
the meeting in person or by proxy and voting thereon, subject to the sanction of
a resolution passed by majority of the holders of a majority of the shares of
such class present and voting as a separate general meeting of the holders of
such class.
Shareholders' Meetings and Resolutions
The quorum required for an ordinary meeting of shareholders consists of
at least two shareholders present in person or by proxy, who hold or represent
between them at least 33-1/3% of the outstanding voting shares, unless otherwise
required by applicable rules. A meeting adjourned for lack of a quorum generally
is adjourned to the same day in the following week at the same time and place or
any time and place as the chairman of the board may designate. At such
reconvened meeting the required quorum consists of any two members present in
person or by proxy.
Unless otherwise prescribed by law, each shareholder of record will be
provided at least 7 calendar days' prior notice of any general shareholders
meeting.
Under the Companies Law and our articles of association, all
resolutions of our shareholders require a simple majority of the shares present,
in person or by proxy, and voting on the matter. However, the Companies Law
requires that the first amendment of a company's articles of association after
February 1, 2000 be approved by holders of at least 75% of the voting rights
represented at the meeting, in person or by proxy, and voting thereon. On
October 2000, our shareholders approved the amendment to our article of
association and to our memorandum of association. Under the Companies Law, our
articles of association are deemed to include a provision requiring a majority
of 75% of the voting shareholders at a general meeting of shareholders convened
for purposes of approving a merger.
Under the Companies Law, each and every shareholder has a duty to act
in good faith in exercising his rights and fulfilling his obligations towards us
and other shareholders, such as in voting in the general meeting of shareholders
on the following matters:
o any amendment to the articles of association;
o an increase of our authorized share capital;
o a merger; or
o approval of certain actions and transactions which require shareholder
approval.
In addition, each and every shareholder has the general duty to refrain
from depriving other shareholders of their rights.
Our annual general meetings are held once in every calendar year at
such time (within a period of not more than fifteen months after the last
preceding annual general meeting) and at such place determined by our board. All
general meetings other than annual general meetings shall be called
extraordinary general meetings. Our board may, whenever it thinks fit, convene
an extraordinary general meeting at such time and place as it determines, and
shall be obligated to do so upon a requisition in writing in accordance with the
Companies Law.
Limitation on Owning Securities
The ownership of our ordinary shares by nonresidents of Israel is not
restricted in any way by our memorandum of association and articles of
association or the laws of the State of Israel, except for citizens of countries
which are in a state of war with Israel, who may not be recognized as owners of
our ordinary shares.
Mergers and Acquisitions under Israeli Law
The Israeli Companies Law includes provisions that allow a merger
transaction and requires that each company that is a party to a merger have the
transaction approved by its board of directors and a vote of the majority of its
shares, at a shareholders' meeting called on at least 21 days' prior notice. For
purposes of the shareholders vote, unless a court rules otherwise, the merger
will not be deemed approved if a majority of the shares held by parties other
than the other party to the merger, or by any person who holds 25% or more of
the shares or the right to appoint 25% or more of the directors of the other
party, vote against the merger. Upon the request of a creditor of either party
of the proposed merger, the court may delay or prevent the merger if it
concludes that there exists a reasonable concern that as a result of the merger,
the surviving company will be unable to satisfy the obligations of any of the
parties to the merger. In addition, a merger may not be completed unless at
least 70 days have passed from the time that a proposal of the merger has been
filed with the Israeli Registrar of Companies.
The Companies Law also provides that an acquisition of shares of a
public company must be made by means of a tender offer if as a result of the
acquisition the purchaser would become a 25% shareholder of the company and
there is no existing 25% or greater shareholder in the company. If there is no
existing 50% or greater shareholder in the company, the Companies Law provides
that an acquisition of shares of a public company must be made by means of a
tender offer if as a result of the acquisition the purchaser would become a 45%
shareholder of the company. This rule does not apply if someone else is already
a majority shareholder in the company. If following any acquisition of shares,
the acquirer will hold 90% or more of the company's shares, the acquisition may
not be made other than through a tender offer to acquire all of the shares of
such class. If more than 95% of the outstanding shares are tendered in the
tender offer, all the shares that the acquiror offered to purchase will be
transferred to it. However, the remaining minority shareholders may seek to
alter the consideration by court order.
Finally, Israeli tax law treats stock-for-stock acquisitions between an
Israeli company and a foreign company less favorably than does U.S. tax law. For
example, Israeli tax law subjects a shareholder who exchanges his ordinary
shares for shares in another corporation to taxation on half the shareholder's
shares two years following the exchange and on the balance four years thereafter
even if the shareholder has not yet sold the new shares.
C. Material Contracts
For a summary of our material contracts, see "Item 7--Major
Shareholders and Related Party Transactions--Related Party Transactions" and
"Item 4 - Information on the Company - Property, Plants and Equipment."
D. Exchange Controls
Israeli law and regulations do not impose any material foreign exchange
restrictions on non-Israeli holders of our ordinary shares. In May 1998, a new
"general permit" was issued under the Israeli Currency Control Law, 1978, which
removed most of the restrictions that previously existed under the law, and
enabled Israeli citizens to freely invest outside of Israel and freely convert
Israeli currency into non-Israeli currencies.
Dividends, if any, paid to holders of our ordinary shares and any
amounts payable upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding up, as well as the
proceeds of any sale in Israel of our ordinary shares to an Israeli resident,
may be paid in non-Israeli currency or, if paid in Israeli currency, may be
converted into freely repatriable dollars at the rate of exchange prevailing at
the time of conversion.
E. Taxation
Israeli Tax Considerations and Government Programs
The following is a summary of the current tax structure applicable to
companies in Israel, with special reference to its effect on us. The following
also contains a discussion of certain Israeli and United States tax consequences
to purchasers of our ordinary shares and certain Israeli Government programs
benefiting us. To the extent that the discussion is based on new tax legislation
which has not been subject to judicial or administrative interpretation, there
can be no assurance that the views expressed in the discussion will be accepted
by the tax authorities in question. The discussion is not intended, and should
not be construed, as legal or professional tax advice and is not exhaustive of
all possible tax considerations.
Holders of our ordinary shares should consult their own tax advisors as
to the United States, Israeli or other tax consequences of the purchase,
ownership and disposition of ordinary shares, including, in particular, the
effect of any foreign, state or local taxes.
General Corporate Tax Structure
Israeli companies are subject to "Company Tax" at the rate of 36% of
taxable income. However, the effective tax rate payable by a company which
derives income from an approved enterprise (as further discussed below) may be
considerably less.
Tax Benefits Under the Law for Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959
The Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, provides
that a proposed capital investment in eligible facilities may, upon application
to the Investment Center of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of the State
of Israel, be designated as an approved enterprise. Each certificate of approval
for an approved enterprise relates to a specific investment program delineated
both by its financial scope, including its capital sources, and by its physical
characteristics, e.g., the equipment to be purchased and utilized pursuant to
the program. The tax benefits derived from any such certificate of approval
relate only to taxable income attributable to the specific approved enterprise.
If a company has more than one approval or only a portion of its capital
investments are approved, its effective tax rate is the result of a weighted
combination of the applicable rates.
Taxable income of a company derived from an approved enterprise is
subject to company tax at the maximum rate of 25% (rather than 36%) for the
benefit period. This period is seven years commencing with the year in which the
approved enterprise first generates taxable income, and is limited to the
earlier of twelve years from commencement of production or fourteen years from
the date of approval, whichever is earlier. The Investment Law also provides
that a company that has an approved enterprise is entitled to accelerated
depreciation on its property and equipment that are included in an approved
investment program.
A company owning an approved enterprise may elect to receive an
alternative package of benefits. Under the alternative package, a company's
undistributed income derived from an approved enterprise will be exempt from
company tax for a period of between two and ten years from the first year of
taxable income, depending on the geographic location of the approved enterprise
within Israel, and such company will be eligible for a reduced tax rate for the
remainder of the benefits period.
In 1994, our request for designation of our capital investment at our
facility as an "approved enterprise" program was approved under the Investment
Law. For this approved enterprise, we elected the alternative package of
benefits. On December 2000, we received an approval for additional capital
investment in our approved enterprise.
A company that has elected the alternative package of benefits and that
subsequently pays a dividend out of income derived from the approved enterprise
during the tax exemption period will be subject to tax in respect of the amount
distributed (including the tax thereon) at the rate which would have been
applicable had it not elected the alternative package of benefits (generally
10%-25%, depending on the extent of foreign shareholders holding our ordinary
shares). The dividend recipient is taxed at the reduced rate applicable to
dividends from approved enterprises (15%), if the dividend is distributed during
the tax exemption period or within 12 years thereafter. We must withhold this
tax at source, regardless of whether the dividend is converted into foreign
currency. See "--United States Federal Income Tax Considerations--Taxation of
Dividends Paid On Ordinary Shares" and Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Subject to certain provisions concerning income under the alternative
package of benefits, all dividends are considered to be attributable to the
entire enterprise and their effective tax rate is the result of a weighted
combination of the various applicable tax rates. We are not obliged to
distribute exempt retained profits under the alternative package of benefits,
and we may generally decide from which year's profits to declare dividends. We
currently intend to reinvest the amount of our tax-exempt income and not to
distribute such income as a dividend.
The Investment Center bases its decision as to whether or not to
approve an application, on the criteria set forth in the Investment Law and
regulations, the then prevailing policy of the Investment Center, and the
specific objectives and financial criteria of the applicant. Accordingly, there
can be no assurance that any such application will be approved. In addition, the
benefits available to an approved enterprise are conditional upon the
fulfillment of conditions stipulated in the Investment Law and its regulations
and the criteria set forth in the specific certificate of approval, as described
above. In the event that a company does not meet these conditions, it would be
required to refund the amount of tax benefits, with the addition of the consumer
price index linkage adjustment and interest.
We have derived, and expect to continue to derive, a substantial
portion of our income from our approved enterprise facilities. Subject to
compliance with applicable requirements, income derived from our approved
enterprise facility will be tax exempt for a period of two years after we have
taxable income and will be subject to a reduced company tax of up to 25%
depending on the extent of foreign shareholders holding our ordinary shares for
the following five or eight years.
Grants under the Law for the Encouragement of Industrial Research and
Development, 1984
Under the Law for the Encouragement of Industrial Research and
Development, 1984, research and development programs which meet certain criteria
and are approved by a governmental committee of the Office of the Chief
Scientist are eligible for grants of up to 50% of the project's expenditure, as
determined by the research committee, in return for the payment of royalties
from the sale of the product developed in accordance with the program.
Regulations promulgated under the Research Law generally provide for the payment
of royalties to the Chief Scientist ranging from 3% to 3.5% or in some cases,
such as ours, ranging from 4% to 4.5%, on revenues from products developed using
such grants until 100-150% of the dollar-linked grant is repaid. Following the
full repayment of the grant, there is no further liability for payment. See
"Item 5--Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" and Note 7 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
The terms of the Israeli government participation also require that the
manufacture of products developed with government grants be performed in Israel.
However, under the regulations promulgated under the Research Law, in the event
that any of the manufacturing is performed outside Israel by any entity other
than us, if approval is received from the Office of the Chief Scientist for such
foreign manufacturing and the identity of the foreign manufacturers, we may be
required to pay increased royalties. If the manufacturing volume that is
performed outside of Israel is less than 50%, the total amount to be repaid to
the Office of the Chief Scientist may be adjusted to 120% of the grant. If the
manufacturing volume that is performed outside of Israel is between 50% and 90%
the total amount may be adjusted to 150% of the grant and if it is more than
90%, the total amount may be adjusted to 300% of the grant. Since our
manufacturing activities are performed by subcontractors outside of Israel, the
consent of the Office of the Chief Scientist is required for these activities
and additional consents will be required in connection with the manufacturing of
products developed in the future with Office of the Chief Scientist grants. The
letters of approval under which we received the grants do not specifically refer
to our manufacturing activities outside of Israel, however, we believe that the
Office of the Chief Scientist has adequately expressed its consent to such
activities. There can be no assurance that the consents granted to date by the
Office of the Chief Scientist will be deemed to be adequate under applicable
laws and regulations or that such consents will not be reversed or modified in
any way or that we will obtain consents for such activities at all from the
Office of the Chief Scientist in the future. Failure to comply with the
requirements for consents for manufacturing outside of Israel could result in
penalties, cancellation of grants and denial of any future applications for
grants or for these consents. If the consents obtained from the Office of the
Chief Scientist to manufacture our chip sets outside of Israel are terminated or
if we are unable to obtain similar consents in the future, our business could be
harmed. The technology developed pursuant to the terms of these grants may not
be transferred to third parties without the prior approval of a governmental
committee under the Research Law. Such approval is not required for the export
of any products resulting from such research or development. Approval of the
transfer of technology may be granted in certain circumstances only if the
recipient abides by all the provisions of the Research Law and regulations
promulgated thereunder, including the restrictions on the transfer of know-how
and the obligation to pay royalties in an amount that may be increased. There
can be no assurance that such consent, if requested, will be granted. See "Item
5--Operating and Financial Review and Prospects--Operating Results--Government
Grants".
Effective for grants received from the Office of the Chief Scientist
under programs approved after January 1, 1999, the outstanding balance of such
grants will be subject to interest equal to the 12 months LIBOR rate applicable
to dollar deposits, that is published on the first business day of each calendar
year.
In October 2001, the Israeli government submitted legislation to the
Israeli parliament to amend the Research and Development Law. The proposed
legislation aims to make the Research and Development Law more compatible with
the current business environment by, among other things, relaxing restrictions
on transfer of technology or manufacturing abroad.
However, the proposed amendment to the declared purposes of the
Research and Development Law may imply that future grants from the Office of the
Chief Scientist will be available only to those applicants who can demonstrate
that their proposed program will substantially contribute to the Israeli economy
as a whole. This may result in future, unforeseen, difficulties to obtain
approvals from the Office of the Chief Scientist for additional grants.
Moreover, while the proposed bill would, among other things, allow the
transfer of technology or know-how developed with the funding of the Office of
the Chief Scientist to third parties outside of Israel, such transfer would
still require the approval of the Office of the Chief Scientist and may require
a material payment. Generally, the proposed bill would mandate the Office of the
Chief Scientist to grant such approval to transferors if either (1) the
transferee granted the transferor an irrevocable worldwide exclusive license to
use and benefit from the technology, or (2) the Office of the Chief Scientist
receives payment based on (x) 150% of the total benefits granted to the
participant, linked to the Israeli consumer price index, plus interest, or,
depending on certain variables, such as the market valuation of the participant
and the amount of benefits granted, and (y) an amount equal to the market
valuation of the transferor at the time of transfer multiplied by the deemed
holdings of the Office of the Chief Scientist in the transferor, plus a premium.
The deemed holdings of the Office of the Chief Scientist in the transferor would
be determined based on the amount of funds granted by the Office of the Chief
Scientist in relation to other investments in the transferor.
As opposed to the Research and Development Law, which requires an
undertaking in the grant application that all manufacturing will be performed in
Israel, the proposed bill allows for the possibility of the approval of grants
in cases of prior declaration by the applicant that the manufacturing will not
take place, in whole or in part, in Israel. Such a declaration will be taken
into consideration in the evaluation of the grant application. Similar to the
regulations promulgated under the law, the proposed bill would also permit for
the manufacture of products outside Israel, even if not included in the initial
application, if prior approval is received from the Office of the Chief
Scientist. This approval may be subject to a payment of up to 120% of the
grants, linked to the Israeli consumer price index, plus interest. However, this
payment would not be required if only 10% of the manufacturing capability is
being transferred.
In order to be enacted as legislation the proposed bill must be
approved by the Israeli parliament and published, and the substance of the bill
could undergo significant revision during that process. It is not known at this
stage when or whether the proposed bill (in its current or a future revised
form) will be implemented or to what extent it will apply to technology programs
funded prior to the effective date of the proposed bill.
Prior to the proposed amendment described above, the Israeli
authorities indicated that the government may reduce or abolish grants from the
Office of the Chief Scientist in the future. Even if these grants are
maintained, there is no assurance we will receive Office of the Chief Scientist
grants in the future. In addition, each application to the Office of the Chief
Scientist is reviewed separately, and grants are based on the program approved
by the Research Committee. Generally, expenditures supported under other
incentive programs of the State of Israel are not eligible for grants from the
Office of the Chief Scientist. There is no assurance that applications to the
Office of the Chief Scientist will be approved and, until approved, the amounts
of any such grants are not determinable.
Tax Benefits and Grants for Research and Development
Israeli tax law allows, under certain conditions, a tax deduction in
the year incurred for expenditures (including capital expenditures) in
scientific research and development projects, if the expenditures are approved
by the relevant Israeli government Ministry (determined by the field of
research) and the research and development is for the promotion of the
enterprise and is carried out by or on behalf of the company seeking such
deduction. Expenditures not so approved are deductible over a three-year period.
However, expenditures made out of proceeds made available to us through
government grants are not deductible, according to Israeli law.
Tax Benefits Under the Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969
According to the Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969,
or the "Industry Encouragement Law", an "Industrial Company" is a company
resident in Israel, at least 90% of the income of which, in any tax year,
determined in Israeli currency (exclusive of income from certain government
loans, capital gains, interest and dividends), is derived from an "Industrial
Enterprise" owned by it. An "Industrial Enterprise" is defined as an enterprise
whose major activity in a given tax year is industrial production activity. We
believe that we currently qualify as an "Industrial Company" within the
definition of the Industry Encouragement Law.
Under the Industry Encouragement Law, Industrial Companies are entitled
to the following preferred corporate tax benefits:
(a) deduction of purchases of know-how and patents over
an eight-year period for tax purposes;
(b) right to elect under certain conditions to file a
consolidated tax return with additional related Israeli
Industrial Companies; and
(c) accelerated depreciation rates on equipment and
buildings.
Eligibility for the benefits under the Industry Encouragement Law is
not subject to receipt of prior approval from any governmental authority. No
assurance can be given that we will continue to qualify as an "Industrial
Company" or that the benefits described above will be available in the future.
Special Provisions Relating to Taxation Under Inflationary Conditions
The Income Tax Law (Inflationary Adjustments), 1985, generally referred
to as the "Inflationary Adjustments Law," represents an attempt to overcome the
problems presented to a traditional tax system by an economy undergoing rapid
inflation. The Inflationary Adjustments Law is highly complex. Its features
which are material to us can be described as follows:
(a) There is a special tax adjustment for the preservation of
equity whereby certain corporate assets are classified broadly into fixed
(inflation resistant) assets and non-fixed (soft) assets. Where a company's
equity, as defined in such law, exceeds the depreciated cost of fixed assets, a
deduction from taxable income that takes into account the effect of the
applicable annual rate of inflation on such excess is allowed (up to a ceiling
of 70% of taxable income in any single tax year, with the unused portion
permitted to be carried forward on a linked basis). If the depreciated cost of
fixed assets exceeds a company's equity, then such excess multiplied by the
applicable annual rate of inflation is added to taxable income.
(b) Subject to certain limitations, depreciation deductions on
fixed assets and losses carried forward are adjusted for inflation based on the
increase in the consumer price index.
(c) Gains on certain traded securities, which are normally
exempt from tax, are taxable in certain circumstances. However, dealers in
securities are subject to the regular tax rules applicable to business income in
Israel.
Capital Gains Tax on Sales of Our Ordinary Shares
Israeli law imposes a capital gains tax on the sale of capital assets.
The law distinguishes between real gain and inflationary surplus. The
inflationary surplus is a portion of the total capital gain which is equivalent
to the increase of the relevant asset's purchase price which is attributable to
the increase in the Israeli consumer price index between the date of purchase
and the date of sale. The real gain is the excess of the total capital gain over
the inflationary surplus. The inflationary surplus accumulated from and after
December 31, 1993, is exempt from any capital gains tax in Israel while the real
gain is added to ordinary income, which is taxed at ordinary rates of 30% to 50%
for individuals and 36% for corporations.
Under current law, sales of our ordinary shares are exempt from Israeli
capital gains for so long as they are quoted on Nasdaq or listed on a stock
exchange in a country appearing in a list approved by the Controller of Foreign
Currency and we qualify as an Industrial Company, or so long as they are quoted
on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. There can be no assurance that we will maintain
such qualification or our status as an Industrial Company. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, dealers in securities in Israel are taxed at regular tax rates
applicable to business income.
Pursuant to the Convention Between the Government of the United States
of America and the Government of Israel with Respect to Taxes on Income, as
amended, the sale, exchange or disposition of ordinary shares by a person who
qualifies as a resident of the United States within the meaning of the U.S.-
Israel Tax Treaty and who is entitled to claim the benefits afforded to such
person by the U.S.- Israel Tax Treaty generally will not be subject to the
Israeli capital gains tax unless such Treaty U.S. Resident holds, directly or
indirectly, shares representing 10% or more of our voting power during any part
of the 12-month period preceding such sale, exchange or disposition, subject to
certain conditions. A sale, exchange or disposition of ordinary shares by a
Treaty U.S. Resident who holds, directly or indirectly, shares representing 10%
or more of our voting power at any time during such preceding 12-month period
would be subject to such Israeli tax, to the extent applicable; however, under
the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty, such Treaty U.S. Resident would be permitted to
claim a credit for such taxes against the U.S. federal income tax imposed with
respect to such sale, exchange or disposition, subject to the limitations in
U.S. laws applicable to foreign tax credits. The U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty does not
relate to U.S. state or local taxes.
Taxation of Non-Resident Holders of Shares
Non-residents of Israel are subject to income tax on income accrued or
derived from sources in Israel. Such sources of income include passive income
such as dividends, royalties and interest, as well as non-passive income from
services rendered in Israel. On distributions of dividends other than bonus
shares (stock dividends), income tax at the rate of 25% (12.5% for dividends not
generated by an approved enterprise if the non-resident is a U.S. corporation
and holds 10% of our voting power, and 15% for dividends generated by an
approved enterprise) is withheld at source, unless a different rate is provided
in a treaty between Israel and the shareholder's country of residence. Under the
U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty, the maximum tax on dividends paid to a holder of
ordinary shares who is a Treaty U.S. Resident will be 25% (however, under the
Investment Law, dividends generated by an approved enterprise are taxed at the
rate of 15%).
Under an amendment to the Inflationary Adjustments Law, non-Israeli
corporations may be subject to Israeli taxes on the sale of traded securities in
an Israeli company, subject to the provisions of any applicable double taxation
treaty.
Proposed Reform of Taxes on Income in Israel
The Israeli government recently appointed a committee to review the
current tax system and propose possible reforms. This may result in significant
changes to the Israeli tax system, and have adverse tax consequences for us and
our shareholders. Because we cannot predict the outcome of the committee's
review and to what extent, if any, its recommendations would be enacted into
law, we and our shareholders face uncertainties as to the potential consequences
of this tax reform initiative.
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
General
Subject to the limitations described below, the following discussion
describes the material United States federal income tax consequences to a U.S.
Holder (as defined below) that is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares and
that holds them as capital assets. For purposes of this summary, a "U.S. Holder"
is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares who or that is for United States
federal income tax purposes:
o a citizen or resident of the United States;
o a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for United
States federal tax purposes) created or organized in the United States
or under the laws of the United States or of any state or the District
of Columbia;
o an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for
United States federal income tax purposes regardless of its
source; or
o a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise
primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or
more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial
decisions of the trust.
This summary is for general information purposes only. It does not
purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that
may be relevant to each person's decision to purchase ordinary shares. As this
is a general summary, prospective owners of our ordinary shares are advised to
consult their own tax advisers with respect to the U.S. federal, state and local
tax consequences, as well as to non-U.S. tax consequences, of the acquisition,
ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares applicable to their particular
tax situations.
This discussion is based on current provisions of the U.S. Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, current and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations
promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial decisions, as of the
date hereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive
basis. This discussion does not address all aspects of United States federal
income taxation that may be relevant to any particular holder based on such
holder's individual circumstances. In particular, this discussion does not
address the potential application of the alternative minimum tax or the United
States federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders that are subject to
special treatment, including:
o broker-dealers, including dealers in securities or currencies;
o insurance companies;
o taxpayers that have elected mark-to-market accounting;
o tax-exempt organizations;
o financial institutions or "financial services entities";
o taxpayers who hold the ordinary shares as part of a straddle, "hedge"
or "conversion transaction" with other investments;
o holders owning directly, indirectly or by attribution at least 10% of
our voting power;
o taxpayers whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; and
o taxpayers who acquire our ordinary shares as compensation.
This discussion does not address any aspect of United States federal
gift or estate tax, or state, local or non-United States tax laws. Additionally,
the discussion does not consider the tax treatment of partnerships or persons
who hold our ordinary shares through a partnership or other pass-through entity.
Certain material aspects of United States federal income tax relevant to a
beneficial owner other than a U.S. Holder, or a Non-U.S. Holder, are also
discussed below. Each prospective investor is advised to consult such person's
own tax advisor with respect to the specific tax consequences to such person of
purchasing, holding or disposing of our ordinary shares.
Taxation of Dividends Paid on Ordinary Shares
We have never paid cash dividends, and we currently do not intend to
pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In the event that we do pay a
dividend, and subject to the discussion of the passive foreign investment
company, or PFIC, rules below, a U.S. Holder will be required to include in
gross income as ordinary income the amount of any distribution paid on our
ordinary shares, including any Israeli taxes withheld from the amount paid, on
the date the distribution is received to the extent the distribution is paid out
of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United
States federal income tax purposes. Distributions in excess of such earnings and
profits will be applied against and will reduce the U.S. Holder's basis in the
ordinary shares and, to the extent in excess of such basis, will be treated as a
gain from the sale or exchange of the ordinary shares.
Distributions of current or accumulated earnings and profits paid in
foreign currency to a U.S. Holder will be includible in the income of a U.S.
Holder in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate on
the date the distribution is received. A U.S. Holder that receives a foreign
currency distribution and converts the foreign currency into U.S. dollars
subsequent to receipt will have foreign exchange gain or loss based on any
appreciation or depreciation in the value of the foreign currency against the
U.S. dollar, which will generally be U.S. source ordinary income or loss.
U.S. Holders will have the option of claiming the amount of any Israeli
income taxes withheld at source either as a deduction from gross income or as a
dollar-for-dollar credit against their United States federal income tax
liability. Individuals who do not claim itemized deductions, but instead utilize
the standard deduction, may not claim a deduction for the amount of any Israeli
income taxes withheld, but such individuals may still claim a credit against
their United States federal income tax liability. The amount of foreign income
taxes which may be claimed as a credit in any year is subject to complex
limitations and restrictions, which must be determined on an individual basis by
each shareholder. The total amount of allowable foreign tax credits in any year
cannot exceed the pre-credit U.S. tax liability for the year attributable to
foreign source taxable income.
A U.S. Holder will be denied a foreign tax credit with respect to
Israeli income tax withheld from dividends received on the ordinary shares:
o if such U.S. Holder has not held the ordinary shares for at least 16
days of the 30-day period beginning on the date which is 15 days
before the ex-dividend date; or
o to the extent such U.S. Holder is under an obligation to make related
payments on substantially similar or related property.
Any days during which a U.S. Holder has substantially diminished its
risk of loss on the ordinary shares are not counted toward meeting the 16 day
holding period required by the statute. In addition, distributions of current or
accumulated earnings and profits will be foreign source passive income for
United States foreign tax credit purposes and will not qualify for the dividends
received deduction otherwise available to corporations.
Taxation of the Disposition of Ordinary Shares
Subject to the discussion of the PFIC rules below, upon the sale,
exchange or other disposition of our ordinary shares, a U.S. Holder will
recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between such
U.S. Holder's basis in the ordinary shares, which is usually the U.S. dollar
cost of such shares, and the amount realized on the disposition. If the ordinary
shares are publicly traded, a disposition of the ordinary shares will be
considered to occur on the "trade date," regardless of the U.S. Holder's method
of accounting. A U.S. Holder that uses the cash method of accounting calculates
the U.S. dollar value of the proceeds received on the sale as of the date that
the sale settles. However, a U.S. Holder that uses the accrual method of
accounting is required to calculate the value of the proceeds of the sale as of
the "trade date" and may therefore realize foreign currency gain or loss, unless
such U.S. Holder has elected to use the settlement date to determine its
proceeds of sale for purposes of calculating such foreign currency gain or loss.
Capital gain from the sale, exchange or other disposition of the ordinary shares
held more than one year is long-term capital gain. Gain or loss recognized by a
U.S. Holder on a sale, exchange or other disposition of our ordinary shares
generally will be treated as United States source income or loss for United
States foreign tax credit purposes. The deductibility of a capital loss
recognized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the ordinary shares is
subject to limitations. In addition, a U.S. Holder that receives foreign
currency upon disposition of the ordinary shares and converts the foreign
currency into U.S. dollars subsequent to receipt will have foreign exchange gain
or loss based on any appreciation or depreciation in the value of the foreign
currency against the U.S. dollar, which will generally be United States source
ordinary income or loss.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
Generally a foreign corporation is treated as a passive foreign
investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes, if
either, (i) 75% or more of its gross income in a taxable year, including the
pro-rata share of the gross income of any company, U.S. or foreign, in which
such corporation is considered to own 25% or more of the shares by value, is
passive income, or (ii) 50% or more of the assets in a taxable year, averaged
over the year and ordinarily determined based on fair market value and including
the pro-rata share of the assets of any company in which such corporation is
considered to own 25% or more of the shares by value, are held for the
production of, or produce, passive income.
As previously announced in a press release dated January 2, 2002, we
believe that we should be characterized as a PFIC for 2001. Although we will
endeavor to avoid such characterization in the future, we may not be able to do
so. Any U.S. person who held our shares at any time during 2001 can mitigate the
consequences of our PFIC characterization by electing to treat us as a
"qualified electing fund" or QEF under the Internal Revenue Code ((as described
below). Alternatively, such U.S. persons may make a "mark-to-market" election
under the Internal Revenue Code (as described below).
A U.S. Holder who did not make a qualifying election either to (i)
treat us as a "qualified electing fund", or a QEF, or (ii) mark our ordinary
shares to market will be subject to the following:
o gain recognized by the U.S shareholder upon the disposition of, as
well as income recognized upon receiving certain dividends on the
shares would be taxable as ordinary income;
o the U.S shareholder would be required to allocate such dividend
income and/or disposition gain ratably over such shareholder's
entire holding period for such Metalink ordinary shares;
o the amount allocated to each year other than the year of the
dividend payment or disposition would be subject to tax at the
highest applicable tax rate, and an interest charge would be
imposed with respect to the resulting tax liability;
o the U.S shareholder would be required to file an annual return on
IRS Form 8621 regarding distributions received on, gain recognized
on dispositions of, Metalink shares; and
o any U.S. shareholder who acquired the ordinary shares upon the
death of the shareholder would not receive a step-up to market
value of his income tax basis for such shares. Instead such U.S
shareholder beneficiary would have a tax basis equal to the
decedent's basis, if lower.
Although the determination of Metalink's status as a PFIC for year 2001
was made only with respect to that year, and will be revisited annually, the
above described consequences shall apply for all future years to U.S
shareholders who held shares in the corporation at any time during year 2001,
and who neither made a QEF election nor a mark-to-market election (as discussed
below) with respect to such shares with their tax return that included the last
day of the corporation's first taxable year as a PFIC - December 31, 2001. This
will be true even if the corporation ceases to be a PFIC in later years.
However, with respect to a PFIC that does not make any distributions or deemed
distributions, the above tax treatment would apply only to U.S shareholders who
realize gain on their disposition of the shares in the PFIC.
With respect to the treatment of Metalink as a PFIC for 2001, if a U.S
shareholder makes a valid QEF election for 2001 with respect to Metalink shares:
o the U.S shareholder would be required for each taxable year for
which Metalink is a PFIC to include in income a pro-rata share of
Metalink's (i) net ordinary earnings as ordinary income and (ii)
net capital gain as long-term capital gain, subject to a separate
election to defer payment of taxes, which deferral is subject to
an interest charge.
o the U.S shareholder would not be required under these rules to
include any amount in income for any taxable year during which
Metalink does not have net ordinary earnings or capital gains; and
o the U.S shareholder would not be required under these rules to
include any amount in income for any taxable year for which
Metalink is not a PFIC.
Metalink did not have net ordinary earnings or net capital gain for the
2001 tax year. Therefore, any U.S shareholder who makes a QEF election for 2001
will not be required to include any amount in income as a result of such
election.
The QEF election is made on a shareholder-by-shareholder basis and can
be revoked only with the consent of the IRS. A QEF election applies to all
shares of the PFIC held or subsequently acquired by an electing U.S holder. A
shareholder makes a QEF election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621,
including the PFIC annual information statement, to a timely filed United States
federal income tax return and by filing such form with the IRS Service Center in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Even if a QEF election is not made, a shareholder in
a PFIC who is a U.S. person must file a completed IRS Form 8621 every year.
During January 2002 Metalink sent to its shareholders the required information
to report income and gain under a QEF election - a "PFIC ANNUAL INFORMATION
STATEMENT" for the year 2001.
Any U.S shareholder who would like to receive PFIC ANNUAL INFORMATION
STATEMENT for year 2001 can contact Mr. Ofer Lavie, Metalink Ltd, Yakum Business
Park, Yakum 60972, Israel.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of PFIC stock which is publicly traded
could elect to mark the stock to market annually, recognizing as ordinary income
or loss each year the shares are held, as well as on the disposition of the
shares, an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax
basis in the PFIC stock and its fair market value. Losses would be allowed only
to the extent of net mark-to-market gain previously included by the U.S. Holder
under the election for prior taxable years. As with the QEF election, a U.S
shareholder who makes a mark-to-market election for 2001 with respect to
Metalink shares would not be subject to deemed ratable allocations of gain, the
interest charge, and the denial of basis step-up at death described above.
Subject to shares of Metalink ever ceasing to be marketable, a mark-to-market
election is irrevocable without obtaining the consent of the IRS and would
continue to apply even in years that Metalink was no longer a PFIC.
U.S. Holders of Metalink shares are strongly urged to consult their tax
advisors about the PFIC rules, including the advisability, procedure and timing
of making a mark-to-market or QEF election with respect to their holding of
Metalink ordinary shares, including warrants or rights to acquire Metalink
ordinary shares.
Tax Consequences for Non-U.S. Holders of Ordinary Shares
Except as described in "U.S. Information Reporting and Back-up
Withholding" below, a Non-U.S. Holder who is a beneficial owner of our ordinary
shares will not be subject to United States federal income or withholding tax on
the payment of dividends on, and the proceeds from the disposition of, the
ordinary shares, unless:
o such item is effectively connected with the conduct by the
Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States and,
in the case of a resident of a country which has a treaty with the
United States, such item is attributable to a permanent
establishment or, in the case of an individual, a fixed place of
business, in the United States;
o the Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who holds the ordinary
shares as capital assets and is present in the United States for
183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition and does
not qualify for an exemption; or
o the Non-U.S. Holder is subject to tax pursuant to the provisions
of United States tax law applicable to U.S. expatriates.
U.S. Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
U.S. Holders generally are subject to information reporting
requirements with respect to dividends paid in the United States on our ordinary
shares. In addition, U.S. Holders are subject to U.S. backup withholding at a
rate of up to 31% on dividends paid in the United States on the ordinary shares
unless the U.S. Holder provides an IRS Form W-9 or otherwise establishes an
exemption. U.S. Holders are subject to information reporting and backup
withholding at a rate of up to 31% on proceeds paid from the sale, exchange,
redemption or other disposition of the ordinary shares unless the U.S. Holder
provides an IRS Form W-9 or otherwise establishes an exemption.
Non-U.S. Holders generally are not subject to information reporting or
back-up withholding with respect to dividends paid on, or proceeds upon the
sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition of, the ordinary shares,
provided that such Non-U.S. Holder provides a taxpayer identification number,
certifies to its foreign status, or otherwise establishes an exemption.
The amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit
against such U.S. Holder's or Non-U.S. Holder's United States federal income tax
liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that the required
information is furnished to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G. Statements by Exports.
Not applicable.
H. Documents on Display
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, applicable to foreign private issuers and
fulfill the obligation with respect to such requirements by filing reports with
the Securities and Exchange Commission. You may read and copy any document we
file with the Securities and Exchange Commission without charge at the
Securities and Exchange Commission's public reference room at 450 Fifth Street,
N.W, Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such material may be obtained by mail
from the Public Reference Branch of the Securities and Exchange Commission at
such address, at prescribed rates. Please call the Securities and Exchange
Commission at l-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference
room.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the
Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our
officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and
"short-swing" profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange
Act. In addition, we are not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic
reports and financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission as
frequently or as promptly as United States companies whose securities are
registered under the Exchange Act. A copy of each report submitted in accordance
with applicable United States law is available for public review at our
principal executive offices.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Foreign Currency Risk
All of our sales are made in US dollars. In addition, a substantial
portion of our costs is incurred in dollars. Since the dollar is the primary
currency of the economic environment in which we operate, the dollar is our
functional currency, and accordingly, monetary accounts maintained in currencies
other than the dollar (principally cash and cash equivalents, short-term
deposits and liabilities) are remeasured using the foreign exchange rate at the
balance sheet date. Operational accounts and non-monetary balance sheet accounts
are measured and recorded at the rate in effect at the date of the transaction.
The effect of foreign currency remeasurement is reported in current operations.
We do not presently engage in any hedging or other transactions
intended to manage risks relating to foreign currency exchange rate or interest
rate fluctuations. At December 31, 2001 and December 31, 2000, we did not own
any market risk sensitive instruments. However, we may in the future undertake
hedging or other similar transactions or invest in market risk sensitive
instruments if management determines that it is necessary to offset these risks.
See "Item 3--Key Information--Risk Factors--Risks Relating to our location in
Israel."
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk with respect to changes in interest rates
relates primarily to our short- and long-term investments. Our short- and
long-term investments consist of primarily, certificates of deposits and debt
securities of highly-rated corporations. The fair value of our short- and
long-term investments is based upon their market value as of December 31, 2001.
The table below present principal amounts and related weighted average
rates by date of maturity for our short- and long-term investments:
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Short-Term
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
Marketable debt securities Maturity date at year 2002
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollar debt securities and certificates of
deposit with fixed interest rate 61,063
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
Weighted Average Interest Rate 3.8%
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollar debt securities with floating interest
rate 3,904
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
Weighted Average Interest Rate 2.2%
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-Term
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
Marketable debt securities Maturity date at year 2003
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollar debt securities with fixed interest rate
9,172
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
Weighted average interest rate 3.6%
- ------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF
PROCEEDS
Use of Proceeds
Our initial public offering commenced on December 1, 1999, and
terminated after the sale of all the securities registered. The managing
underwriter of the offering was Banc of America Securities LLC. We registered
4,600,000 ordinary shares in the offering, including shares issued pursuant to
the exercise of the underwriter's over-allotment option. Of such shares, we sold
4,600,000 ordinary shares at an aggregate offering price of $55.2 million
($12.00 per share). Under the terms of the offering, we incurred underwriting
discounts of approximately $3.86 million. We also incurred estimated expenses of
$1.54 million in connection with the offering. None of the expenses consisted of
amounts paid directly or indirectly to any of our directors, officers, general
partners or their associates, any persons owning 10% or more of any class of our
equity securities, or any of our affiliates. The net proceeds that we received
as a result of the offering were approximately $49.8 million. As of December 31,
2001, approximately $21.03 million of the net proceeds have been used for the
enhancement of our research and development, sales and marketing and for general
and administrative expenses. In addition, $9.88 million of the net proceeds have
been used for the buy-back of 898,500 Metalink shares during the period of
December 2000 to April 2001. None of the use of proceeds consisted of amounts
paid directly or indirectly to any of our directors, officers, general partners
or their associates, any persons owning 10% or more of any class of our equity
securities, or any of our affiliates.
ITEM 15. [reserved]
ITEM 16. [reserved]
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of this item.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Financial Statements required by this item are found at the end of this
Annual Report, beginning on page F-1.
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
The exhibits filed with or incorporated into this annual report are listed on
the index of exhibits below.
Exhibit No. Description
1.1* Memorandum of Association, as amended, (English translation
accompanied by Hebrew original) (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on April 17, 2001).
1.2* Articles of Association, as amended, (English translation
accompanied by Hebrew original) (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on April 17, 2001).
3* Voting Agreement, dated August 11, 1999, between Tzvi
Shukhman and Zvi Rosenberg (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form F-1 (No. 333-11118) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on November 10, 1999).
4.1* Employee Share Option Plan (1997) (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form F-1 (No. 333-11118) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 1999).
4.2* Employee Share Option Plan (1997), Section 102 (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form F-1 (No. 333-11118) filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 1999).
4.3* International Employee Stock Option Plan (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form F-1 (No. 333-11118) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 1999).
4.4* Employee Share Option Plan (1999) (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form F-1 (No. 333-11118) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 1999).
4.5* Employee Share Option Plan (1999a) (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form F-1 (No. 333-11118) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 1999).
4.6* Unprotected Lease Agreement, dated June 6, 2000, between
Yakum Development Ltd. and the Registrant (English summary
accompanied by Hebrew original) (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant's Annual Report on
Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999).
4.7* Standard Industrial/Commercial Multi-Tenant Lease - Net,
dated December 12, 1999, between Garaventa Properties and
Metalink, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
4.7 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the
fiscal year ended December 31, 1999).
4.8* 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant Registration
Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on April 17, 2001).
4.9* Share Option Plan (2000) (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.9 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form 20-F, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on June 29, 2001).
8* List of Subsidiaries (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form F-1 (No. 333-11118) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on November 10, 1999).
- -----------------
* Incorporated by reference.
SIGNATURE
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements
for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the
undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
Metalink Ltd.
By: /s/Ofer Lavie
Name: Ofer Lavie
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: June 20, 2002
METALINK LTD.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2001
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
Report of Independent Auditors 2
Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 3
Consolidated Statements of Operations
for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 4
Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 6-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 8-23
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT Auditors
To the Board of Directors and
Shareholders of Metalink Ltd.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Metalink Ltd.
("the Company") and its subsidiary as of December 31, 2001 and 2000, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders' equity
and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
2001. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the
Company and its subsidiary at December 31, 2001 and 2000 and the consolidated
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2001, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America.
Brightman Almagor & Co.
Certified Public Accountants
A member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Tel Aviv, Israel
January 24, 2002
METALINK LTD.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
2001 2000
(in thousands)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 15,946 $ 8,851
Short-term investments (Note 3) 64,967 86,268
Trade accounts receivable 1,966 3,782
Other receivables (Note 10) 796 2,397
Prepaid expenses 706 665
Inventories (Note 4) 2,806 2,013
Total current assets 87,187 103,976
Long-term investments (Note 3) 9,172 15,344
Severance pay fund (Note 6) 827 546
Property and equipment (Note 5)
Cost 11,995 7,911
Less - Accumulated depreciation and amortization 4,448 2,511
7,547 5,400
Total assets $104,733 $ 125,266
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Trade accounts payable $ 1,473 $ 3,631
Other payables and accrued expenses (Note 10) 3,284 3,021
Total current liabilities 4,757 6,652
Accrued severance pay (Note 6) 1,479 982
Shareholders' equity (Note 8)
Ordinary shares NIS 0.1 par value
(Authorized - 50,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding
- 19,194,988 and 18,832,024 shares as of 580 574
December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively)
Additional paid-in capital 127,029 125,942
Deferred stock-based compensation (1,650) (2,026)
Accumulated deficit (17,577) (6,466)
108,382 118,024
Treasury stock, at cost; 898,500 and 40,000 shares as of
December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively (9,885) (392)
98,497 117,632
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $104,733 $125,266
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
METALINK LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Year ended December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9
------- ------- -------
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Revenues (Note 11) $ 14,049 $ 23,302 $ 11,708
Cost of revenues (Note 11):
Costs and expenses (excluding non-cash compensation of $53,
$58 and $49, respectively) 6,086 9,794 5,878
Royalties to the Government of Israel 364 469 209
Total cost of revenues 6,450 10,263 6,087
Gross profit 7,599 13,039 5,621
Operating expenses:
Gross research and development (excluding non-cash
compensation of $188, $242 and $146, respectively) 17,060 12,592 6,065
Less - Royalty bearing grants 3,457 3,381 1,965
Research and development, net 13,603 9,211 4,100
Selling and marketing (excluding non-cash compensation of 5,465 3,665 2,026
$172, $205 and $17, respectively)
General and administrative (excluding non-cash compensation
of $332, $286 and $170, respectively) 3,526 3,042 1,138
Non-cash compensation 745 791 382
Total operating expenses 23,339 16,709 7,646
Operating loss (15,740) (3,670) (2,025)
Financial income (expenses), net:
Interest income 4,629 5,986 145
Non-cash charge for warrants - - (1,400)
Total financial income (expenses), net 4,629 5,986 (1,255)
Net income (loss) $ (11,111) $ 2,316 $ (3,280)
Earnings (loss) per ordinary share:
Basic $ (0.61) $ 0.13 $ (0.27)
Diluted $ (0.61) $ 0.11 $ (0.27)
Shares used in computing earnings (loss) per ordinary share:
Basic 18,260,798 18,269,556 12,309,339
Diluted 18,260,798 20,773,382 12,309,339
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
METALINK LTD.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Receipts
Number of on account Additional Deferred Treasury Accumu-
outstanding Share of share paid-in Stock-based stock lated
shares capital capital capital compensation (at cost) deficit Total
------ ------- ------- ------- ------------ --------- -------- -------
(in thousands, except share data)
Balance at
January 1, 1999 12,010,745 $ 2 $ 2 $ 7,934 $ (85) $ - $(5,502) $ 2,351
Changes during 1999:
Issuance of shares in initial
public
offering, net of issuance costs 4,600,000 109 - 49,729 - - - 49,838
Exercise of employees options 181,655 4 (2) 298 - - - 300
Issuance of share dividend - 408 - (408) - - - -
Deferred stock-based compensation
related to stock
option grants to employees - - - 2,609 2,609) - - -
Warrants granted in connection
with short-term loans - - - 1,400 - - - 1,400
Amortization of deferred
stock-based compensation - - - - 382 - - 382
Loss for the year - - - - - - (3,280) (3,280)
Balance at
December 31, 1999 16,792,400 523 - 61,562 (2,312) - (8,782) 50,991
Changes during 2000:
Issuance of shares in public
offering, net of issuance costs 1,500,000 37 - 62,665 - - - 62,702
Purchase of treasury stock (40,000) - - - - (392) - (392)
Exercise of options 539,624 14 - 1,210 - - - 1,224
Deferred stock-based compensation
related to
stock option grants to
consultants and subcontractors - - - 824 (824) - - -
Cancellation of deferred stock-
based comoensation due to
resignation of employees - - - (319) 319 - - -
Amortization of deferred
stock-based compensation - - - 791 - - - 791
Income for the year - - - - - - 2,316 2,316
Balance at
December 31, 2000 18,792,024 574 - 25,942 (2,026) (392) (6,466) 117,632
Changes during 2001:
Purchase of treasury stock (858,500) - - - - (9,493) - (9,493)
Exercise of employee options and
shares 362,964 6 - 718 - - - 724
Deferred stock-based compensation
related to stock
option grants to consultants - - - 428 (428) - - -
Cancellation of deferred
stock-based compensation due
to resignation of employees - - - (59) 59 - - -
Amortization of deferred
stock-based compensation - - - - 745 - - 745
Loss for the year - - - - - - (11,111) (11,111)
Balance at
December 31, 2001 18,296,488 $ 580 $ - $127,029 $ (1,650) $ (9,885) $(17,57 $ 98,497
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
METALINK LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9
(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss) $(11,111) $ 2,316 $ (3,280)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by
(used in) operating activities (Appendix A) 3,902 (71) 2,771
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (7,209) 2,245 (509)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Changes in marketable debt securities, net 27,157 (55,844) (45,163)
Purchase of property and equipment (4,084) (5,373) (698)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment - 8 -
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 23,073 (61,209) (45,861)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of shares and exercise of options, net 724 63,926 50,138
Purchase of treasury stock (9,493) (392)
Short-term bank credit and loans - - (500)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (8,769) 63,534 49,638
Increase in cash and cash equivalents 7,095 4,570 3,268
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 8,851 4,281 1,013
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 15,946 $ 8,851 $ 4,281
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for interest $ 3 $ 2 $ 43
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
METALINK LTD.
APPENDIX TO CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9
(in thousands)
Appendix A
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in)
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization $ 1,937 $1,208 $ 492
Increase in accrued severance pay, net 216 171 93
Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation 745 791 382
Charge for warrants granted in connection with short-term loans - - 1,400
Capital loss - 90 -
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Decrease (increase) in assets:
Trade accounts receivable 1,816 (1,293) (393)
Other receivables and prepaid expenses 1,876 (2,300) (842)
Inventories (793) (1,187) (389)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Trade accounts payable (2,158) 2,143 243
Other payables and accrued expenses 263 306 1,785
$ 3,902 $ (71) $ 2,771
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
METALINK LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 -GENERAL
Metalink Ltd. (the "Company"), an Israeli Company, is a fabless
semiconductor Company, develops and markets high performance
broadband access chip sets used by telecommunications and
networking equipment makers. Company's broadband silicon solutions
enable cost effective, very high speed streaming video, voice and
data transmission and delivery throughout worldwide communication
networks. The Company operates in one business segment. The
Company generates revenues from its products mainly in Europe,
Israel and Canada.
NOTE 2 -SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.
A. Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
of the financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
B. Financial Statements in U.S. Dollars
The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar
("dollar" or "$"). The currency of the primary economic
environment in which the operations of the Company and its
US subsidiary are conducted is the dollar, and the dollar
has been determined to be the Company's functional
currency.
Transactions and balances originally denominated in dollars
are presented at their original amounts. Non-dollar
transactions and balances have been remeasured into dollars
in accordance with the principles set forth in Statement of
Financial Accounting Standard ("SFAS") No. 52. All exchange
gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary balance
sheet items resulting from transactions in non-dollar
currencies are reflected in the statement of operations as
they arise.
C. Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial
statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary.
All material inter-company transactions and balances have
been eliminated.
D. Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid
investments that are readily convertible into cash with
original maturities when purchased of three months or less.
NOTE 2 -SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)
E. Marketable Debt Securities
Investments in marketable debt securities are classified as
"held-to-maturity" in accordance with the provisions of
SFAS No. 115 and are stated at cost. Interest income is
included in financial income.
F. Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost
is determined as follows:
Raw materials, components and finished products - on the
moving average basis. Work-in-process - on the basis of
actual manufacturing costs.
G. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is
calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated
useful lives of assets, as follows:
Computers and manufacturing equipment 3-7 years
Furniture and fixtures 10-15 years
Leasehold improvements are amortized by the straight-line
method over the term of the lease, which is shorter than
the estimated useful life of the improvements.
In accordance with SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets
to be Disposed Of ", management reviews long-lived assets
for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be
recoverable based on estimated future cash flows.
H. Revenue Recognition
In December 1999, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin
No. 101 ("SAB 101"), as amended in June 2000, which
summarizes the staff's views in applying generally accepted
accounting principles to revenue recognition in financial
statements. The Company adopted SAB 101 during the fourth
quarter of 2000, which did not have an effect on its
results of operations or financial position.
The Company recognizes revenue upon the shipment of its
products to the customer provided that persuasive evidence
of an arrangement exists, title has transferred, the price
is fixed, collection of resulting receivables is probable
and there are no remaining significant obligations.
NOTE 2 -SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)
I. Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses, net of third-party
grants, are expensed as incurred. The Company has no
obligation to repay the grants, if sufficient sales are not
generated.
J. Deferred Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary
differences between the assets and liabilities, as measured
in the financial statements and for tax purposes, at tax
rates expected to be in effect when these differences
reverse.
K. Net Earnings (Loss) Per Ordinary Share
Basic and diluted net earnings (loss) per share have been
computed in accordance with SFAS No. 128 using the weighted
average number of ordinary shares outstanding. Basic
earnings (loss) per share exclude any dilutive effect of
options and warrants. Diluted earnings per share give
effect to all potential dilutive issuances of ordinary
shares that were outstanding during the period. A total of
764,042 incremental shares were excluded from the
calculation of diluted net loss per ordinary share for 2001
due to the anti-dilutive effect, and 2,503,826 incremental
shares were used to calculate diluted earnings per ordinary
share for 2000.
L. Concentrations of Credit Risk
(i) As of December 31, 2001 and 2000, the Company had
cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments
totaling $80,913,000 and $95,119,000 respectively,
most of which are deposited in major U.S. and
Israeli financial institutions. Management believes
that the financial institutions holding the
Company's cash and cash equivalents are financially
sound. In addition, the marketable debt securities
held by the Company consist of highly-rated
corporate bonds. Accordingly, limited credit risk
exists with respect to this item.
(ii) Most of the Company's revenues are generated in
Europe, Israel and Canada from a small number of
customers (see Note 11), mainly large industrial
corporations. The Company generally does not
require collateral. The Company maintains an
allowance for doubtful accounts, which management
believes adequately covers all anticipated losses
in respect of trade receivables. At December 31,
2001 the amount for doubtful accounts is $46,000 .
NOTE 2 -SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)
M. Concentrations of Available Sources of Supply of Products
Certain components used in the Company's products are
currently available to the Company from only one source and
other components are currently available from only a
limited number of sources. The Company does not have
long-term supply contracts with its suppliers. In addition,
the Company employs several unaffiliated subcontractors
outside of Israel for the manufacture of its chip sets.
While the Company has been able to obtain adequate supplies
of components and has experienced no material problems with
subcontractors to date, in the event that any of these
suppliers or subcontractors is unable to meet the Company's
requirements in a timely manner, the Company may experience
an interruption in production. Any such disruption, or any
other interruption of such suppliers' or subcontractors'
ability to provide components to the Company and
manufacture its chip sets, could result in delays in making
product shipments, which could have a material adverse
impact on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
N. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The financial instruments of the Company consist mainly of
cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, current
accounts receivable, long-term investments, accounts
payable and accruals. In view of their nature, the fair
value of the financial instruments included in working
capital of the Company is usually identical or
substantially similar to their carrying amounts.
O. Effects of recently issued accounting standards
In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
("FASB") issued SFAS 141, "Business Combinations". SFAS 141
requires the purchase method of accounting for business
combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 and eliminates
the pooling-of-interests method. The Company does not
believe that the adoption of SFAS 141 will have a
significant impact on its financial statements.
In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS 142, "Goodwill and Other
Intangible Assets", which is effective January 1, 2002.
SFAS 142 requires, among other things, the discontinuance
of goodwill amortization. In addition, the standard
includes provisions for the reclassification of certain
existing recognized intangibles as goodwill, reassessment
of the useful lives of existing recognized intangibles,
reclassification of certain intangibles out of previously
reported goodwill and the identification of reporting units
for purposes of assessing potential future impairments of
goodwill. SFAS 142 also requires the Company to complete a
transitional goodwill impairment test six months from the
date of adoption. The Company does not believe that the
adoption of SFAS 142 will have a significant impact on its
financial statements.
In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, "Accounting
for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets", which
addresses financial accounting and reporting for the
impairment or disposal of long-lived assets and supersedes
SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived
Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of", and
the accounting and reporting provisions of APB Opinion No.
30, "Reporting the Results of Operations", for a disposal
of a segment of a business. SFAS 144 is effective for
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001, with
earlier application encouraged. The Company has not yet
determined what the effect of SFAS 144 will be on the
earnings and financial position of the Company.
NOTE 3 -INVESTMENT IN MARKETABLE DEBT SECURITIES AND DEPOSITS
A. Short-term investments
Comprised as follows:
December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
(in thousands)
Certificates of deposit $ 35,252 $ -
Corporate bonds 29,715 86,268
$ 64,967 $ 86,268
The market value of the Short-term investments as of December 31, 2001 and 2000
is $65,140 and $86,603 respectively.
B. Long-term investments
Comprised as follows:
December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
(in thousands)
Certificates of deposit $ 414 $ -
Corporate bonds 8,758 15,344
$ 9,172 $ 15,344
The market value of the Long-term investments as of December 31, 2001 and 2000
is $9,181 and $15,480 respectively.
NOTE 4 -INVENTORIES
Comprised as follows:
December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
(in thousands)
Raw materials and components $ 538 $ 417
Work-in-process 142 173
Finished products 2,126 1,423
$ 2,806 $ 2,013
NOTE 5 -PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Comprised as follows:
December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
(in thousands)
Cost:
Computers and manufacturing equipment $10,622 $6,820
Furniture and fixtures 531 508
Leasehold improvements 842 583
$11,995 $7,911
Accumulated depreciation and amortization:
Computers and manufacturing equipment $4,259 $ 2,442
Furniture and fixtures 86 48
Leasehold improvements 103 21
$ 4,448 $ 2,511
NOTE 6 -ACCRUED SEVERANCE PAY, NET
The Company's liability for severance pay is calculated in
accordance with Israeli law based on the latest salary paid to
employees and the length of employment in the Company. The
Company's liability for severance pay is fully provided. Part of
the liability is funded through individual insurance policies. The
policies are assets of the Company and, under labor agreements,
subject to certain limitations; they may be transferred to the
ownership of the beneficiary employees.
The severance pay expenses for the years ended December 31, 2001,
2000 and 1999 were $831,000, $542,000 and $307,000, respectively.
The Company has no liability for pension expenses to its
employees.
NOTE 7 -COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
A. Royalties
(i) The Company is committed to pay royalties to the Government of
Israel on proceeds from the sale of products in the research and
development of which the Government has participated by way of grants, up
to the amount of 100%-150% of the grants received (from 1999 - up to the
amount of 100% of the grants received plus interest at LIBOR rate) (in
dollar terms). The royalties are payable at a rate of 3.5% for the first
three years of product sales and 4.5% thereafter. The total amount of
grants received, net of royalties paid or accrued, as of December 31, 2001
and 2000 was $ 10,048,000 and $6,955,000, respectively. The research and
development grants are presented in the statements of operations as an
offset to research and development expenses. The refund of the grants is
contingent on future sales and the Company has no obligation to refund
these grants, if sufficient sales are not generated.
(ii) Royalty expenses to the Office of the Chief Scientist for the
years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 were $ 364,000, $ 469,000 and
$ 209,000, respectively.
B. Lease Commitments
(i) The premises of the Company in Israel are rented under an
operating lease agreement expiring in September 2010. In addition, the
premises of the subsidiary in the United States are rented under an
operating lease agreement till March 2005, with an option to extend the
lease for two additional five-year periods. Future aggregate minimum annual
rental payments pursuant to the existing lease commitments in effect as of
December 31, 2001, are as follows:
Year ended December 31, (in thousands)
----------------------- --------------
2002 932
2003 975
2004 1,004
2005 896
2006 and thereafter 4,084
The Company arranged for a bank guarantee in favor of the lessors of
the premises in Israel and in United States totaling $219,000. Total rent
expenses for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 were
$957,000, $543,000 and $290,000, respectively.
(ii) The Company leases its motor vehicles under cancelable operating
lease agreements, for periods through 2004. The minimum payment under these
operating leases upon cancellation of these lease agreements, amounted to
$140,000 as of December 31, 2001. Lease expenses for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, were $720,000, $388,000 and $281,000,
respectively.
C. Legal Claim
In July 1998, a former employee filed a claim against the Company
stating that the Company is obligated to issue to him shares and to pay on
his behalf any taxes relating to such issuance. The Company has previously
granted this employee options to purchase shares for a substantial portion
of the number of shares that is in dispute. In March 2, 2001 the Tel Aviv
District labor court ordered that this matter would be referred to
arbitrator. The Company estimates that the resolution of this matter will
not have a material impact on its financial statements.
NOTE 8 -SHARE CAPITAL
A. In December 1999, the Company effected an initial public
offering in the United States and issued 4,600,000 ordinary
shares (including the underwriters' over-allotment) for net
proceeds of $49,838,000. Following the public offering, the
Company's shares are traded on the over-the-counter market
and are listed on the NASDAQ National Market.
In March 2000, the Company effected a second public
offering in the United States and issued 1,500,000 ordinary
shares for net proceeds of $ 62,702,000. Since December
2000, the shares of the Company are also traded on the
Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. In October 2000 and March 2001,
the Board of Directors of the Company approved the purchase
of up to 1,000,000 of the Company's ordinary shares for up
to $10,000,000. Through December 31, 2001, the Company had
purchased 898,500 of its ordinary shares, in the aggregate
amount of $9,885,000.
B. Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During 2000, the Board of Directors approved an Employee
Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"), effective October 2000.
Under the ESPP, the maximum number of shares to be made
available is 160,000 with an annual increase to be added on
the first day of the year commencing 2001 equal to the
lesser of 140,000 shares or 3/4 % of the outstanding shares
on such date or a lesser amount determined by the Board of
Directors. Any employee of the Company is eligible to
participate in the ESPP. Employee stock purchases are made
through payroll deductions. Under the terms of the ESPP,
employees may not deduct an amount exceeding $25,000 in
total value of stock in any one year. The purchase price of
the stock will be the 85% of the lower of the fair market
value of an ordinary share on the first day of the offering
period and the fair market value on the last day of the
offering period. The offering period was determined to be
six months. The ESPP shall terminate on October 31, 2010,
unless terminated earlier by the Board of Directors. As of
December 31, 2001, 82,221 ordinary shares were issued under
the ESPP, and an additional 215,003 ordinary shares are
reserved for issuance.
C. Stock Options
The Company has adopted five stock option plans to provide
for the grant of options to certain officers and employees.
As of December 31, 2001 3,666,381 options, had been granted
under the plans. The options granted vest over periods
ranging from one to five years from the date of the grant,
and will expire after 10 years from the date of the grant.
With respect to options granted at exercise prices below
the fair market value of the underlying shares at the date
of grant, deferred compensation is recorded and charged to
earnings over the vesting period of the options in
accordance with FIN 44 and APB 25 "Accounting for Stock
Issued to Employees."
NOTE 8 -SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)
C. Stock Options (Cont.)
A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plans as of
December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 and changes during the years then ended
are as follows:
December 31, 2001 December 31, 2000 December 31, 1999
Weighted Weighted Weighted
average average average
exercise exercise exercise
Shares price Shares price Shares price
Options outstanding at
beginning of year 3,715,822 $ 3.35 3,058,172 $ 4.14 1,688,175 $ 2.09
Granted during year 837,100 5.09 1,429,894 12.89 1,677,840 6.03
Forfeited during year (681,563) 10.49 (288,621) 6.57 (206,802) 3.28
Exercised during year (204,978) 1.72 (483,623) 2.06 (101,041) 2.97
Outstanding at end of year 3,666,381 7.00 3,715,822 7.59 3,058,172 4.14
Options exercisable at end
of year 1,654,630 $ 6.46 1,056,231 $ 3.35 850,286 $ 1.21
Weighted average fair value of
options granted during year $ 3.03 $ 7.10 $ 5.02
The following table summarizes information relating to stock options
outstanding as of December 31, 2001:
Options outstanding Options exercisable
Weighted
Number average Weighted Number Weighted
outstanding at remaining average exercisable at average
December 31, contractual exercise December 31, exercise
Exercise price 2001 life (in years) price 2001 price
$ 0.00 - $ 2.66 461,633 5.81 $ 1.25 337,062 $ 0.89
$ 3.07 - $ 3.90 767,353 7.90 3.56 341,447 3.90
$ 4.00 - $ 5.00 672,050 7.67 4.80 322,945 4.83
$ 5.04 - $ 7.00 58,675 9.56 5.75 1,800 6.98
$ 7.31 - $ 8.00 615,593 8.02 7.85 239,982 7.84
$ 8.48 - $ 9.90 626,310 9.02 9.30 202,981 9.29
$ 10.03 - $ 22.06 464,767 8.41 17.52 208,413 17.88
3,666,381 7.90 $ 7.00 1,654,630 $ 6.46
NOTE 8 -SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)
D. Options issued to consultants
In April 2000, the Company adopted the "Share Option Plan -
2000" to provide for the grant of options to members of the
advisory board of the Company and independent contractors.
The options are exercisable over five years. As of December
31, 2001, 200,000 options had been granted under this plan
to certain sales representatives and advisors of the
Company at an exercise price of $ 4.6 - $ 15.75 per share.
The Company accounted for these options under the fair
value method of FAS No. 123 and EITF 96-18. The fair value
was determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model with
the following assumptions: risk-free interest rate of
4.50%-6.50%; volatility rate of 70%- 108.9%; dividend
yields of 0% and an expected life of one to five years. The
Company recorded deferred stock-based compensation of
$428,000 and $824,000 for the years 2001 and 2000
respectively.
Compensation expenses of $257,000 and $ 213,000 were
recognized for the period ended December 31, 2001 and
December 31, 2000 respectively.
E. Fair Value Disclosures:
Had compensation expenses for the Company's employee option
plans been determined on the basis of the fair value at the
grant dates, as prescribed in SFAS No. 123, the Company's
net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share would
have been as follows:
Year ended December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9
(in thousands)
Net income (loss):
As reported $ (11,111) $ 2,316 $ (3,280)
Pro forma $ (15,406) $ 269 $ (4,004)
Basic net income (loss) per share:
As reported $ (0.61) $ 0.13 $ (0.27)
Pro forma $ (0.85) $ 0.01 $ (0.33)
Diluted net income (loss) per share:
As reported $ (0.61) $ 0.11 $ (0.27)
Pro forma $ (0.85) $ 0.01 $ (0.33)
F. Data in Respect of Option Plans
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the
Black-Scholes method for grants made after the Company
became a public entity. The following assumptions were
used: Dividend yield of 0.00% for all periods; risk-free
interest rate of 4.5%-6.5% in 2001, 6.5% in 2000 and 5.17%
in 1999; weighted average expected lives of 5 years granted
in all periods and a volatility rate of 70%- 108.9% using
the Black-Scholes method.
Because the determination of the fair value of all options
granted after the Company became a public entity included
an expected volatility factor, in addition to the factors
described in the preceding paragraph and because additional
option grants are expected to be made each year, the above
pro forma disclosures are not representative of the pro
forma effects of reported net income for future years.
NOTE 9 -TAXES ON INCOME
A. Taxation under Various Laws
The Company and its subsidiary are assessed for tax
purposes on an unconsolidated basis. The Company is
assessed under the provisions of the Israeli Income Tax Law
(Inflationary Adjustments), 1985, pursuant to which results
for tax purposes are measured in NIS in real terms in
accordance with changes in the Israeli CPI.
The Company's foreign subsidiary is subject to the tax
rules in its country of incorporation. The production
facilities of the Company have been granted "approved
enterprise" status in two separate programs under the Law
for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, as
amended. Under this law, income attributable to each of
these enterprises, is fully exempt from tax for two years,
commencing with the first year in which such enterprise
generates taxable income, and is entitled to a reduced tax
rate (25%) for a further eight years, respectively. The
expiration date of the period of benefits is limited to the
earlier of twelve years from commencement of production or
fourteen years from the date of the approval. As of
December 31, 2001, the period of benefits had not yet
commenced.
Income derived from sources other than the "approved
enterprise" is taxable at the ordinary corporate tax rate
of 36%.
In the event of a distribution of cash dividends to
shareholders of earnings subject to the exemption, the
Company will be liable to tax at a rate of 25%.
B. Income (Losses) from Continuing Operations
Year ended December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9
(in thousands)
Israeli company $ (9,262) $ 1,972 $ (2,617)
U.S. subsidiary (1,849) 344 (663)
$ (11,111) $ 2,316 $ (3,280)
NOTE 9 -TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)
C. Theoretical Income Taxes
The following is a reconciliation of the taxes on income
assuming that all income is taxed at the ordinary statutory
corporate tax rate in Israel and the actual taxes on
income, in the statement of operations:
Year ended
December 31,
2 0 0 0
(in thousands)
Income as reported in the consolidated statement of operations $ 2,316
Theoretical tax on the above amount $ 834
Tax benefit arising from the approved enterprise (611)
Permanent differences, net (mainly exempt interest income, net) (261)
Increase in valuation allowance 38
$ -
With regard to the years 2001 and 1999, the amount of "theoretical"
income tax benefits that would result from applying statutory tax rates to
pre-tax losses is substantially offset by deferred tax benefits not
recorded in respect of these years' losses whose realization is less likely
than not.
D. Deferred Taxes
The main components of the Company's deferred tax assets are as
follows:
December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carry forwards in Israel $ 1,287 $ 485
Net operating loss carry forwards of non-Israeli subsidiary 1,027 408
Accrued vacation pay, severance pay and other 76 46
Total gross deferred tax assets 2,390 939
Less - Valuation allowance 2,390 939
Total deferred tax asset $ - $ -
NOTE 9 -TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)
D. Deferred Taxes (Cont.)
Under SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets are to be
recognized for the anticipated tax benefits associated with
net operating loss carry forwards and deductible temporary
differences, unless it is more likely than not that some or
all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The
adjustment is made by a valuation allowance.
Since the realization of the net operating loss carry
forwards and deductible temporary differences is less
likely than not, a valuation allowance has been established
for the full amount of the tax benefits.
Tax loss carry forwards of the Company totaling $
25,740,000 are unlimited in duration, denominated in NIS
and linked to the Israeli CPI.
Tax loss carry forwards of a U.S. subsidiary totaling
$ 3,020,000 expire between 2017 and 2020.
E. Tax Assessments
The Company and its subsidiary have not been assessed for
income tax purposes since incorporation.
NOTE 10 -SUPPLEMENTARY BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
A. Other Receivables
Comprised as follows:
December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
(in thousands)
Research and development participation
from the Government of Israel $ 160 $ 1,619
Interest receivable on long-term investments 283 313
Value added tax - 118
Income tax authorities 264 153
Advance to suppliers - 75
Loans to employees 67 53
Others 22 66
$ 796 $ 2,397
NOTE 10 -SUPPLEMENTARY BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION (Cont.)
B. Other Payables and Accrued Expenses
Comprised as follows:
December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
(in thousands)
Payroll and related amounts $ 1,766 $ 1,267
Accrued expenses 1,140 1,157
Royalties to the Government of Israel 359 520
Others 19 77
$ 3,284 $ 3,021
NOTE 11 -SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION
A. Geographic Information
The following is a summary of revenues and long-lived
assets by geographic area. Revenue is attributed to
geographic region based on the location of the customers.
Year ended December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9
(in thousands)
Revenues:
Israel $ 3,070 $ 8,227 $ 4,859
Switzerland 5,329 6,356 1,853
Canada 2,989 6,053 1,681
Spain 939 630 671
United States 680 569 1,864
Germany 170 493 35
Other foreign countries
(mainly European) 872 974 745
$ 14,049 $ 23,302 $ 11,708
Long-lived assets:
Israel $ 6,330 $ 3,874 $ 1,113
United States 1,217 1,526 220
$ 7,547 $ 5,400 $ 1,333
NOTE 11 -SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION (Cont.)
B. Sales to Major Customers:
The following table summarizes the percentage of revenues
from sales to major customers (exceeding 10% of total
revenues for the year).
Year ended December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9
(in thousands)
Customer A 35% 23% 15%
Customer B (*) 10% (*)
Customer C 19% 26% 33%
Customer D (*) 22% 14%
Customer E (*) (*) 16%
Customer F 19% (*) (*)
(*) - Less than 10%.
C. Cost of Revenues:
Year ended December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9
(in thousands)
Materials and components $ 5,650 $ 9,519 $ 5,591
Salaries, wages and
employee benefits 522 718 240
Sub-contractors 27 84 58
Depreciation and amortization 243 110 48
Other manufacturing costs 316 432 188
6,758 10,863 6,125
Decrease (increase) in finished
products and work-in-process (672) (1,069) (247)
6,086 9,794 5,878
Royalties to the Government
of Israel 364 469 209
$ 6,450 $ 10,263 $ 6,087
NOTE 12 -NON-CASH CHARGE FOR WARRANTS
In October 1999, the Company entered into agreements with three of
its customers (two significant customers exceeding 10% of the
revenues and a related party) with respect to loans. Pursuant to
the agreement, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $ 3,500,000
convertible loans and issue warrants to purchase an aggregate of
140,000 ordinary shares of the Company at nominal value. The loans
were for a period of 12 months bearing-interest of 6% per annum
and were convertible into ordinary shares of the Company at a
conversion rate of $ 10 per share. According to the agreement, if
the Company had completed an initial public offering of its shares
within 12 months of the date of the loan agreements or had sold a
substantial amount of all of its assets, or if at least 75% of the
Company's shareholders had sold their shares in the Company in a
series of related transactions, then the Company should, within 30
days of such events, have repaid the entire amount of the loans
and accrued interest. If neither of the above events had occurred
during the 12 months following the date of the loan agreements,
each of the customers had to notify the Company of its election to
either receive the repayment of the loan by the Company or effect
the conversion of the loan into ordinary shares.
The warrants were exercisable immediately within four years of the
date of the loan agreements. In addition, the Company has agreed
to grant each customer 10% of the warrants it received for each
month that the loan and accrued interest thereon have not been
repaid or converted following the 12 months from the date of the
loan agreements.
Following the Company's initial public offering, the Company
repaid the entire amount of the loans. The Company recognized a
charge of $ 1,400,000 for the fair value of the warrants on the
date of the grant upon repayment of the loan.
NOTE 13 -RELATED PARTIES
Transactions with Related Parties
Year ended December 31,
2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9
(in thousands)
Sales $ 1,029 $ 977 $ -
Subcontractors - 36 85
Salaries 259 298 186
Purchase of materials - 9 51
Purchase of property and equipment - 54 3
As of December 31, 2001 and 2000 there are no balances with Related Parties.