UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, DC 20549 FORM 10-Q |X| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2003 |_| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 000-31083 (Commission File Number) MILLENNIUM CELL INC. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Delaware 22-3726792 (State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Incorporation or Organization) Identification Number) One Industrial Way West, Eatontown, New Jersey 07724 (Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code) (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) (732) 542-4000 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes |X| No |_| Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes |_| No |X| Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 34,414,429 shares of Common Stock, par value $.001, were outstanding on November 4, 2003. MILLENNIUM CELL INC. (a development stage enterprise) Index PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION Page ---- Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited) Consolidated Balance Sheet - September 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002...................... 1 Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002................................................................................... 2 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002................................................................................... 3 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - September 30, 2003............................ 4 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations...... 8 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk................................. 14 Item 4. Controls and Procedures.................................................................... 14 PART II - OTHER INFORMATION Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds.................................................. 16 Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K........................................................... 16 PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited). MILLENNIUM CELL INC. (A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE) CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET September 30, December 31, 2003 2002 ---- ---- (unaudited) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents.................................................... $ 7,948,711 $ 7,987,127 Accounts receivable.......................................................... 198,287 234,015 Prepaid expenses............................................................. 481,930 337,589 Deferred financing costs..................................................... 154,090 313,690 ---------------- --------------- Total current assets............................................................ 8,783,018 8,872,421 Property and equipment, net..................................................... 1,090,354 1,526,983 Patents and licenses, net....................................................... 589,757 590,269 Investment in affiliate......................................................... -- 167,412 Restricted cash................................................................. 2,990,746 2,963,050 Security deposits............................................................... 45,676 45,676 ---------------- --------------- $ 13,499,551 $ 14,165,811 ================ =============== LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable............................................................. $ 505,980 $ 612,651 Accrued expenses............................................................. 180,287 615,006 Convertible unsecured debentures, net of discount............................ 2,961,051 3,029,882 ---------------- --------------- Total current liabilities....................................................... 3,647,318 4,257,539 Convertible secured debentures.................................................. 2,399,988 2,399,988 Refundable grant obligation..................................................... 205,940 227,522 Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 5,000,000 authorized shares, none issued and outstanding Common stock, $.001 par value; authorized 70,000,000 shares, 33,983,374 and 29,027,491 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively.............. 33,950 29,027 Additional paid-in capital................................................... 76,511,774 61,679,267 Deferred compensation........................................................ (376,942) -- Deficit accumulated during development stage................................. (68,922,477) (54,427,532) ---------------- --------------- Total stockholders' equity...................................................... 7,246,305 7,280,762 ---------------- --------------- $ 13,499,551 $ 14,165,811 ================ =============== See notes to financial statements. 1 MILLENNIUM CELL INC. (A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (unaudited) Three Months Three Months Nine Months Nine Months Ended Ended Ended Ended Cumulative September 30, September 30, September 30, September 30, Amounts From 2003 2002 2003 2002 Inception Revenue........................................ $ 102,605 $ 106,455 $ 395,914 $ 486,737 $ 1,115,306 Cost of revenue................................ 92,805 106,455 338,504 486,737 1,028,563 ----------- ------------- ------------ ------------- ------------ Gross margin................................... 9,800 -- 57,410 -- 86,743 Product development and marketing.............. 1,496,724 1,312,558 4,019,356 4,511,502 15,320,843 General and administrative (excluding non-cash charges)................. 736,620 891,083 2,841,389 3,370,239 14,959,221 Non-cash charges............................... 418,787 987,829 2,366,019 3,181,153 24,641,112 Restructuring expense.......................... -- -- -- 104,982 104,982 Depreciation and amortization.................. 153,173 180,195 494,744 534,639 1,992,577 Research and development....................... 221,982 249,008 798,380 1,153,848 7,890,391 ----------- ------------- ------------ ------------- ------------ Total operating expenses....................... 3,027,286 3,620,673 10,519,888 12,856,363 64,909,126 ----------- ------------- ------------ ------------- ------------ Loss from operations........................... (3,017,486) (3,620,673) (10,462,478) (12,856,363) (64,822,383) Other income, net.............................. -- -- -- 234,963 Interest income (expense)...................... (1,918,690) 52,162 (3,544,103) 306,129 (1,328,098) Equity in losses of affiliates................. -- -- (488,364) -- (856,078) ----------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- Net loss....................................... (4,936,176) (3,568,511) (14,494,945) (12,550,234) (66,771,596) Preferred stock amortization................... -- -- -- -- 2,150,881 ----------- ------------- ------------ ------------- ------------ Net loss applicable to common stockholders..... $(4,936,176) $ (3,568,511) $(14,494,945) $ (12,550,234) $(68,922,477) =========== ============= ============ ============= ============ Loss per share -- basic and diluted............ $ (.15) $ (.13) $ (.47) $ (.45) $ (2.59) ============ ============= ============ ============= ============= Weighted -- average number of shares outstanding 31,944,522 28,428,334 30,541,661 27,751,179 26,654,965 ============ ============= ============ ============= ============= See notes to financial statements. 2 MILLENNIUM CELL INC. (A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited) Nine Months Nine Months Cumulative Ended Ended Amounts from September 30, 2003 September 30, 2002 Inception OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net loss.................................... $ (14,494,945) $ (12,550,234) $ (66,771,596) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization............... 494,743 534,649 1,992,577 Amortization of discount on debentures...... 1,543,038 -- 1,564,903 Beneficial conversion feature on debentures. 1,588,379 -- 1,588,379 Amortization of deferred financing costs.... 437,452 -- 452,042 Losses on investment in affiliate........... 488,364 -- 856,078 Non-cash charges............................ 2,366,019 3,181,153 24,641,112 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable......................... 35,728 47,546 (198,287) Prepaid expenses and other assets........... (144,341) (467,270) (527,606) Accounts payable and accrued expenses....... (292,168) (721,485) 1,017,863 Deferred royalty income..................... -- (120,000) -- ------------- -------------- ------------- Net cash used in operating activities....... (7,977,731) (10,095,641) (35,384,535) INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchase of property and equipment.......... (6,050) (1,017,406) (2,786,502) Patent registration costs................... (51,553) (87,889) (636,186) Investment in affiliate..................... (320,952) -- (856,078) Maturity of investments..................... -- 11,067,175 -- ------------- ------------- ------------- Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities.................................. (378,555) 9,961,880 (4,278,766) FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from issuance of common stock...... 145,000 81,201 35,139,850 Underwriting and other expenses of initial public offering.......................... -- -- (3,669,613) Proceeds from issuance of debentures........ 8,500,000 -- 14,399,988 Restricted cash............................. (27,696) 33,854 (2,990,746) Proceeds from equity private placement...... -- 2,093,000 2,736,279 Deferred financing costs.................... (277,852) -- (606,132) Proceeds from capital contribution.......... -- -- 500,000 Payment of note payable..................... -- -- (250,000) Grant proceeds/(payments)................... (21,582) -- 205,940 Proceeds from sale of preferred stock....... -- -- 2,146,446 - ------------- ------------- ------------- Net cash provided by financing activities... 8,317,870 2,208,055 47,612,012 ------------- ------------- ------------- Net change in cash and cash equivalents..... (38,416) 2,074,294 7,948,711 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period................................... 7,987,127 6,348,763 -- ------------- ------------- ------------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of period.... $ 7,948,711 $ 8,423,057 $ 7,948,711 ============= ============= ============= Non-Cash Transactions: The Company issued 84,672 shares of common stock valued at $143,224 to employees as 401(k) Plan employer contributions during 2003. In 2002, the Company issued 43,356 shares of stock valued at $82,375 for the 401(k) Plan. See notes to financial statements. 3 MILLENNIUM CELL INC. (A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE) NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 1--BASIS OF PRESENTATION The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Millennium Cell Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, MCE Ventures LLC ("MCE Ventures"). MCE Ventures is a Delaware limited liability corporation that was formed in 2002 to engage in limited strategic investment activities. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all known adjustments (which consist primarily of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The interim statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002. Reclassifications were made to ensure consistency with current year presentation. NOTE 2--EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares actually outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the Company. All such securities were anti-dilutive for all periods presented. NOTE 3--STOCK BASED COMPENSATION In December 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued FAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure. FAS 148 amends FAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, FAS 148 amends the disclosure requirements of FAS 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The provisions of FAS 148 are effective for financial statements for fiscal years and interim periods ending after December 15, 2002. The disclosure provisions of FAS 148 have been adopted by the Company. FAS 148 did not require the Company to change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based compensation. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" encourages, but does not require, companies to record compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation plans at fair value. The Company has elected to account for stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25"). 4 The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings per share if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to stock-based employee compensation: Three Mos. Ended September 30, Nine Mos. Ended September 30, ------------------------------ ----------------------------- 2003 2002 2003 2002 ---- ---- ---- ---- Net loss attributable to common stockholders-- As reported.......................................... $(4,936,176) $(3,568,511) $(14,494,945) $(12,550,234) Add: Total stock-based compensation expense included in Net Loss................................. 418,787 987,829 2,366,019 3,181,153 Deduct: Total stock-based compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all stock option awards.................................. (1,083,587) (1,710,742) (5,263,423) (4,964,192) Net loss attributable to common stockholders-- Pro forma............................................ $(5,600,976) $(4,291,424) $(17,392,349) $(14,333,273) Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders-- As reported........................... $(0.15) $(0.13) $(0.47) $(0.45) Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders-- Pro forma............................. $(0.18) $(0.15) $(0.57) $(0.52) The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: Three and Nine Mos. Ended September 30, --------------------------------------- 2003 2002 ---- ---- Expected dividend yield............... -- -- Expected stock price volatility....... .69 .69 Risk-free interest rate............... 3.68% 3.68% Expected option term.................. 5 years 5 years The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. The Company's options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. Based upon the above assumptions, the weighted average fair value of stock options granted at market was $1.44 and $3.10 in 2003 and 2002, respectively. NOTE 4--OPTIONS, WARRANTS AND NON-CASH CHARGES In August 2003, the Company exchanged 835,500 eligible stock options for 197,599 shares of restricted stock related to an exchange offer. This offer allowed eligible plan participants to exchange options for restricted stock at an exchange rate based on the calculated market value of the stock options using a black-scholes model. For the third quarter of 2003, the Company recorded $18,256 related to the vesting of the restricted stock. The Company will recognize total non-cash charges in the amount of $395,198 ratably over the remaining vesting period of the restricted stock (two years or sooner based on certain events). There are a number of outstanding stock warrants held by former employees. The accounting methodology for these warrants requires a re-valuing of the warrants at each period ending market price using a Black-Scholes pricing model. In the third quarter of 2003, the Company recorded approximately $300,000 of non-cash charges for changes in the fair value of affiliates' warrants. Due to the variable nature of this accounting methodology, it is difficult to predict the amount of additional non-cash charges the Company will incur related to these warrants during future periods. NOTE 5--CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES In December 2002, the Company issued convertible unsecured debentures with a principal amount of $3.5 million. As of June 30, 2003, the entire $3.5 million of unsecured debentures had been converted into 2,094,048 shares of common stock. 5 On January 23, 2003, the Company's shareholders approved the issuance of $8.5 million of secured convertible debentures and warrants to acquire 589,376 shares and the secured debentures were issued on January 30, 2003. During the third quarter of 2003, the Company exchanged all outstanding secured convertible debentures for unsecured convertible debentures and registered the common shares underlying all of the unsecured convertible debentures. As a result, the letter of credit securing the secured convertible debentures was released. During the third quarter of 2003, the Company converted $5.0 million of the unsecured convertible debentures into 2,379,525 shares of common stock. As a result, $3.5 million of unsecured convertible debentures were outstanding as of September 30, 2003. The due date for these debentures is March 31, 2004. There were no secured convertible debentures related to the private equity financing outstanding as of September 30, 2003. At any time, the unsecured convertible debentures are convertible under three different scenarios: o At the option of the holder, at any time and from time to time at $4.25 per share. o At the option of the Company, if (1) the average closing prices of the Company's common stock during any consecutive 30 trading days is equal to or greater than $5.10 per share and (2) the closing price for each of 15 trading days which need not be consecutive is equal to or greater than $5.10. o The Company may also convert $300,000 (or up to $2.5 million with investor consent) of unsecured debentures each 10 trading days at an adjusted conversion price equal to the volume weighted average of current market prices discounted from 4% to 12%. The discount to the adjusted conversion price depends on the cumulative amount of debentures converted as of the respective dates of conversion. In order to exercise the Company's options to convert the debentures, certain equity conditions must be satisfied as follows: (i) the number of authorized but unissued and otherwise unreserved shares of common stock is sufficient for such issuance; (ii) such shares of common stock are registered for resale pursuant to an effective registration statement, and the prospectus thereunder is available for use to sell such shares or all such shares may be sold without volume restrictions pursuant to Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act; (iii) the common stock is listed or quoted (and is not suspended from trading) on The NASDAQ National Market or SmallCap Market or other eligible market and such shares of common stock are approved for listing; (iv) no event of default nor any event that with the passage of time and without being cured would constitute an event of default has occurred and not been cured, and (v) no public announcement of a pending or proposed change of control transaction has occurred that has not been consummated. Warrants may not be exercised and debentures may not be converted to the extent that a holder thereof would then beneficially own, together with its affiliates, more than 9.999% of our common stock then outstanding subsequent to the applicable conversion or exercise. In accordance with APB No. 14, "Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants", the Company determined that the fair value of both the $8.5 million secured debentures and $3.5 million unsecured debentures was $9,895,057 upon issuance. The resulting discount is being amortized as interest expense, using the effective interest method, over the original maturity period of the debentures or ratably as they are converted, whichever comes first. During the quarter ended September 30, 2003, the Company recognized a non-cash charge to interest expense of $890,715 for amortization of discount on debentures. In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") No. 00-27, "Application of Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments", and EITF No. 98-5, "Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios", and after considering the terms of the transaction, the Company determined that the debentures contained a beneficial conversion feature ("BCF"). The BCF existed because of a discount that will be given to the investor in the event of a company-initiated conversion of the debentures prior to maturity. These discounts will range from 4% to 12%, depending on the amount of debentures converted into common stock. Accordingly, at time of conversion, the Company will record as interest expense any applicable BCF based on the fair value of the conversion feature on that date in the event of an early conversion of debentures into common stock. During the quarter ended September 30, 2003, approximately $5.0 million of debentures were 875,025 for the BCF during the period. 6 NOTE 6 - PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT In October 2000, the Company received $2.4 million in cash from Ballard Power Systems Inc. as an advance for prospective royalties pursuant to a product development agreement between Ballard and the Company. In addition, the Company granted to Ballard a warrant to purchase up to 400,000 shares of common stock, which was terminated as part of the strategic investment discussed below. Upon completion of certain stages of product development, the parties agreed to negotiate in good faith for the grant of a license of our technology to Ballard in certain fields of use, at which time prepaid royalties may be earned and the warrants will be issued and recorded at fair value. On November 8, 2002, the Company agreed with Ballard that the product development milestones have been achieved and agreed to convert the $2.4 million refundable royalty payment into an investment in the form of secured convertible debentures due November 8, 2005. The Ballard debentures are secured by a standby letter of credit issued by Wachovia Bank, National Association, with an aggregate face amount equal to the outstanding principal. The Company pledged to the bank as collateral $2.4 million of funds previously reported under cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying balance sheet. The Company will not have the ability to use this cash until the bank pledges are released upon conversion of the Ballard debentures to common stock. The debentures are convertible at a conversion price of $4.25, subject to anti-dilution adjustments and certain price protection in the event the Company initiates the conversion. As part of the purchase agreement entered into between Ballard and us, Ballard retains the option to license the non-exclusive right to manufacture and sell products with Hydrogen on DemandTM technology for specific portable fuel cell products and stationary internal combustion engine generators. NOTE 7 - INVESTMENT IN AFFILIATE In July 2002, the Company agreed to acquire a 50% non-controlling interest in a European alkaline fuel cell company (the "Affiliate"). During the period from July 2002 to September 2003, the Company provided limited funding to the Affiliate. As of June 30, 2003, the Company had written off its Investment in Affiliate on the balance sheet and determined the fair value of the investment was zero. During the third quarter of 2003, the Company decided to divest its interest in the Affiliate. No gain or loss was recognized upon this event. NOTE 8 - RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" (FIN 46). FIN 46 addresses consolidation by business enterprises of variable interest entities with certain defined characteristics. This interpretation applies immediately to variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003, and to variable interest entities in which an enterprise obtains an interest after that date. It applies in the first fiscal year or interim period beginning after December 15, 2003, to variable interest entities in which an enterprise holds a variable interest that it acquired before February 1, 2003. The Company did not obtain an interest in any variable interest entities after January 31, 2003. This interpretation is not expected to have any impact on the accompanying financial statements. In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity." This Statement establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. It requires that an issuer classify a financial instrument that is within its scope as a liability or an asset in some circumstances. This Statement is effective for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company does not expect this Statement to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements. NOTE 9 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS During October 2003, the Company converted approximately $1.3 million of the remaining $3.5 million unsecured debentures into 420,884 shares of common stock. Accordingly, the Company will recognize a charge to interest expense for the value of the beneficial conversion feature the investor received on these conversions. 7 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included within this report. In addition to historical information, this Form 10-Q and the following discussion contain forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, intentions, expectations and beliefs. See the discussion contained herein under the caption "Forward-Looking Statements" for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. The discussion below should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002. General We were formed as a Delaware limited liability company on December 17, 1998, and organized and began operations on January 1, 1999 (inception date). We were converted into a Delaware corporation on April 25, 2000 when all of the outstanding equity interests of the limited liability company were converted into shares of common stock of the corporation. Unless otherwise indicated, all information that we present in this Form 10-Q for any date or period gives effect to the conversion as if it had occurred on that date or as of the beginning of that period and all references to common stock for periods before the conversion mean our issued and outstanding membership interests. Overview We have developed a patented process called Hydrogen on Demand(TM) that safely generates pure hydrogen or electricity from environmentally friendly raw materials. In the process, the energy potential of hydrogen is carried in the chemical bonds of sodium borohydride, which in the presence of a catalyst releases hydrogen or produces electricity. The primary input components of the reaction are water and sodium borohydride, a derivative of borax, which is found in substantial natural reserves globally. Hydrogen from this system can be used to power fuel cells, as well as fed directly to internal combustion engines. We also have patents covering boron-based longer-life batteries and fuel cells. Our goal is to convert our technology from the research and development stage to commercialization. Our losses have resulted primarily from costs associated with product development and research and development activities as well as non-cash amortization of preferred stock and non-cash charges related to the issuance of stock options and warrants to employees and third parties. As a result of planned expenditures in the areas of research, product development and marketing and additional non-cash charges relating to employee stock options, we expect to incur additional operating losses for the foreseeable future. Results of Operations Three Months Ended September 30, 2003 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2002 Revenues. Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2003 were $102,605 compared to $106,455 for the same period of 2002. In the near-term, revenues are expected to be derived substantially from up-front license fees, research contracts with various federal, state and local agencies, collaborations with other companies, management and contract services, and royalty payments or joint venture revenue from licensees or strategic partnerships. Revenues will be recognized in the period in which technology is delivered, licensing revenues are earned, or as services are performed. Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2003 were $92,805 compared to $106,455 for the same period of 2002. The decrease in 2003 was a result of lower revenues and margins on service contracts in the third quarter of 2003. Product Development and Marketing Expense. Product development and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2003 were $1,496,724 compared to $1,312,558 for the same period of 2002, an increase of $184,166. This increase is mostly attributable to the development of a product management organization to manage the commercialization of our technology during the third quarter of 2003. General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2003 were $736,620 compared to $891,083 for the same period of 2002, a decrease of $154,463. The decrease was a result of decreased headcount in the general and administrative functions and other active cost management initiatives. 8 Non-cash Charges. Non-cash charges were $418,787 for the three months ended September 30, 2003 compared to $987,829 for the same period of 2002, a decrease of $569,042. The non-cash charges in 2002 were primarily related to options issued below market to employees in 2000 and warrants issued to affiliates and other third parties for services rendered. During the second quarter of 2003, the Company completed the amortization of the non-cash charges for options issued below market value and that is the reason for the decline. This decline was slightly offset by the issuance of common stock as compensation to the members of the Company's Board of Directors in lieu of cash during the third quarter of 2003. Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $153,173 for the three months ended September 30, 2003 compared to $180,195 for the same period of 2002, a decrease of $27,022. The decrease reflects the impact of assets that have recently been fully depreciated. Research and Development Expense. Research and development expenses were $221,982 for the three months ended September 30, 2003 compared to $249,008 for the same period of 2002, a decrease of $27,026. The decrease is primarily attributable to slightly reduced research program spending as compared to the same period of 2002. Interest Income/Expense. Net interest expense was $1,918,690 for the three months ended September 30, 2003 compared to interest income of $52,162 for the same period of 2002, a change of $1,970,852. The increase in net interest expense was mainly the result of interest expense, amortization of original issue discounts, issue costs and charges for beneficial conversion features on the conversion of the Company's unsecured and secured debentures issued in December 2002 and January 2003, respectively. We expect the remaining deferred financing and related interest charges associated with the debentures to be recognized in the fourth quarter of 2003. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2002 Revenues. Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 were $395,914 compared to $486,737 for the same period of 2002. Revenues declined because revenues for the first three months of 2002 included the sale of large, prototype systems which were not recurring in the first half of 2003. Revenues in the first nine months of 2003 were derived primarily from design services and the sale of prototype systems to customers. In the near-term, revenues are expected to be derived substantially from up-front license fees, research contracts with various federal, state and local agencies, collaborations with other companies, management and contract services, and royalty payments or joint venture revenue from licensees or strategic partnerships. Revenues will be recognized in the period in which technology is delivered, licensing revenues are earned, or as services are performed. Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 were $338,504 compared to $486,737 for the same period of 2002. Cost of revenues on prototype unit sales during the development stage are allocated from the Product Development and Marketing expense and Research and Development expense line items on the income statement depending on the nature of the project. The decline in cost of revenues was due to the sale in the first nine months of 2002 of large, prototype systems which were not recurring in the first nine months of 2003. In addition, we provided services to customers in 2003 which resulted in positive margins. Product Development and Marketing Expense. Product development and marketing expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 were $4,019,356 compared to $4,511,502 for the same period of 2002, a decrease of $492,146. This decrease is mostly attributable to the cost reduction program implemented during the second quarter of 2002. General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 were $2,841,389 compared to $3,370,239 for the same period of 2002, a decrease of $528,850. The decrease was a result of increased efficiency of our administrative and finance organizations as well as the cost reduction program implemented during the second quarter of 2002. Non-cash Charges. Non-cash charges were $2,366,019 for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 compared to $3,181,153 for the same period of 2002, a decrease of $815,134. The non-cash charges were primarily related to options issued below market to employees in 2000 and warrants issued to affiliates and other third parties for services rendered. During the second quarter of 2003, the Company completed the amortization of the non-cash charges for options issued below market value and that is the reason for the decline from the first nine months of 2002 to the same period of 2003. 9 This decline was slightly offset by the issuance of common stock as compensation to the members of the Company's Board of Directors in lieu of cash during the third quarter of 2003. Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $494,744 for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 compared to $534,639 for the same period of 2002, a decrease of $39,895. The decrease reflects the impact of assets that have recently been fully depreciated. Research and Development Expense. Research and development expenses were $798,380 for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 compared to $1,153,848 for the same period of 2002, a decrease of $355,468. The decrease is primarily attributable to the cost reduction program implemented during the second quarter of 2002. Interest Income/Expense. Net interest expense was $3,544,103 for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 compared to interest income of $306,129 for the same period of 2002, a change of $3,850,232. The increase in net interest expense was mainly the result of interest expense, amortization of original issue discounts, issue costs and charges for beneficial conversion features on the conversion of the Company's unsecured and secured debentures issued in December 2002 and January 2003, respectively. We expect the remaining deferred financing and related interest charges associated with the debentures to be recognized in the fourth quarter of 2003. Equity in Losses of Affiliate. In July 2002, the Company agreed to acquire a 50% non-controlling interest in a European alkaline fuel cell company (the "Affiliate"). The Company's investment was accounted for by the equity method. During the period from July 2002 to September 2003, the Company provided limited funding to the Affiliate. As of June 30, 2003, the Company had written off its Investment in Affiliate on the balance sheet and determined the fair value of the investment was zero. During the third quarter of 2003, the Company decided to divest its interest in the Affiliate. No gain or loss was recognized upon this event. Liquidity and Capital Resources General Since the inception date, we have financed our operations primarily through our initial public offering in August 2000 and private placements of equity and debt securities. In 1999, we issued $1,250,000 of membership interests in Millennium Cell LLC for cash, which subsequently were converted into our common stock as of April 25, 2000. We also received a capital contribution of $500,000 in the first quarter of 2000, and in May 2000, we sold 759,368 shares of Series A preferred stock, which automatically converted into 759,368 shares of common stock upon the completion of our initial public offering. The net proceeds from our initial public offering totaled approximately $29.9 million and the net proceeds from the private equity placement and convertible debentures totaled $14.1 million. Convertible Debentures In December 2002, the Company issued convertible unsecured debentures with a principal amount of $3.5 million. As of June 30, 2003, the entire $3.5 million of unsecured debentures had been converted into 2,094,048 shares of common stock. On January 23, 2003, the Company's shareholders approved the issuance of $8.5 million of secured convertible debentures and warrants to acquire 589,376 shares and the secured debentures were issued on January 30, 2003. During the third quarter of 2003, the Company exchanged all outstanding secured convertible debentures for unsecured convertible debentures and registered the common shares underlying all of the unsecured convertible debentures. As a result, the letter of credit securing the secured convertible debentures was released. During the third quarter of 2003, the Company converted $5.0 million of the unsecured convertible debentures into 2,379,525 shares of common stock. As a result, $3.5 million of unsecured convertible debentures were outstanding as of September 30, 2003. The due date for these debentures is March 31, 2004. There were no secured convertible debentures related to the private equity financing outstanding as of September 30, 2003. At any time, the unsecured convertible debentures are convertible under three different scenarios: o At the option of the holder, at any time and from time to time at $4.25 per share. 10 o At the option of the Company, if (1) the average closing prices of the Company's common stock during any consecutive 30 trading days is equal to or greater than $5.10 per share and (2) the closing price for each of 15 trading days which need not be consecutive is equal to or greater than $5.10. o The Company may also convert $300,000 (or up to $2.5 million with investor consent) of unsecured debentures each 10 trading days at an adjusted conversion price equal to the volume weighted average of current market prices discounted from 4% to 12%. The discount to the adjusted conversion price depends on the cumulative amount of debentures converted as of the respective dates of conversion. In order to exercise the Company's options to convert the debentures, certain equity conditions must be satisfied as follows: (vi) the number of authorized but unissued and otherwise unreserved shares of common stock is sufficient for such issuance; (vii) such shares of common stock are registered for resale pursuant to an effective registration statement, and the prospectus thereunder is available for use to sell such shares or all such shares may be sold without volume restrictions pursuant to Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act; (viii) the common stock is listed or quoted (and is not suspended from trading) on The NASDAQ National Market or SmallCap Market or other eligible market and such shares of common stock are approved for listing; (ix) no event of default nor any event that with the passage of time and without being cured would constitute an event of default has occurred and not been cured, and (x) no public announcement of a pending or proposed change of control transaction has occurred that has not been consummated. Warrants may not be exercised and debentures may not be converted to the extent that a holder thereof would then beneficially own, together with its affiliates, more than 9.999% of our common stock then outstanding subsequent to the applicable conversion or exercise. In accordance with APB No. 14, "Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants", the Company determined that the fair value of both the $8.5 million secured debentures and $3.5 million unsecured debentures was $9,895,057 upon issuance. The resulting discount is being amortized as interest expense, using the effective interest method, over the original maturity period of the debentures or ratably as they are converted, whichever comes first. During the quarter ended September 30, 2003, the Company recognized a non-cash charge to interest expense of $890,715 for amortization of discount on debentures. In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") No. 00-27, "Application of Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments", and EITF No. 98-5, "Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios", and after considering the terms of the transaction, the Company determined that the debentures contained a beneficial conversion feature ("BCF"). The BCF existed because of a discount that will be given to the investor in the event of a company-initiated conversion of the debentures prior to maturity. These discounts will range from 4% to 12%, depending on the amount of debentures converted into common stock. Accordingly, at time of conversion, the Company will record as interest expense any applicable BCF based on the fair value of the conversion feature on that date in the event of an early conversion of debentures into common stock. During the quarter ended September 30, 2003, approximately $5.0 million of debentures were 875,025 for the BCF during the period. Ballard Power Systems Investment In October 2000, the Company received $2.4 million in cash from Ballard Power Systems Inc. as an advance for prospective royalties pursuant to a product development agreement between Ballard and the Company. In addition, the Company granted to Ballard a warrant to purchase up to 400,000 shares of common stock, which was terminated as part of the strategic investment discussed below. Upon completion of certain stages of product development, the parties agreed to negotiate in good faith for the grant of a license of our technology to Ballard in certain fields of use, at which time prepaid royalties may be earned and the warrants will be issued and recorded at fair value. 11 On November 8, 2002, the Company agreed with Ballard that the product development milestones have been achieved and agreed to convert the $2.4 million refundable royalty payment into an investment in the form of secured convertible debentures due November 8, 2005. The Ballard debentures are secured by a standby letter of credit issued by Wachovia Bank, National Association, with an aggregate face amount equal to the outstanding principal. The Company pledged to the bank as collateral $2.4 million of funds previously reported under cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying balance sheet. The Company will not have the ability to use this cash until the bank pledges are released upon conversion of the Ballard debentures to common stock. The debentures are convertible at a conversion price of $4.25, subject to anti-dilution adjustments and certain price protection in the event the Company initiates the conversion. As part of the purchase agreement entered into between Ballard and us, Ballard retains the option to license the non-exclusive right to manufacture and sell products with Hydrogen on DemandTM technology for specific portable fuel cell products and stationary internal combustion engine generators. Sources and Uses of Cash As of September 30, 2003, we had $7,948,711 in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $2,990,746. Cash used in operations during the first nine months of 2003 and 2002 totaled $7,977,731 and $10,095,641, respectively, and related to funding our net operating losses. The decrease as compared to the first nine months of 2002 was mainly a result of the Company's cost reduction program implemented during the second quarter of 2002. The restricted cash comprised $2.4 million of cash used for collateral for a letter of credit issued in connection with a strategic investment by Ballard Power Systems Inc. in the Company in November 2002 and $0.6 million of cash used for collateral as security deposit held by our landlord in connection with the Company's amended lease agreement. These funds used will not be available for use in operations until the letters of credit have been reduced or terminated. Investing activities used cash of $378,555 during the first nine months of 2003 and provided cash $9,961,880 in the first nine months of 2002. Cash provided by Investing activities in the first nine months of 2002 was a result of maturities of held-to-maturity investments. Excluding the maturity of these investments, investing activities in both years consisted primarily of purchases of laboratory equipment necessary for the continuation of our research and development activities and patent registration costs. In July 2002, the Company agreed to acquire a 50% non-controlling interest in a European alkaline fuel cell company. The Company's investment is accounted for by the equity method. During the first six months of 2003, the Company had provided cash contributions of $320,952 to the Affiliate for use in operating activities. As of June 30, 2003, the Company had written off its Investment in Affiliate on the balance sheet and determined the fair value of the investment was zero. During the third quarter of 2003, the Company decided to divest its interest in the Affiliate. No gain or loss was recognized upon this event. In April 2001, the Company amended its main operating lease to provide for additional space for the Company's principal operating offices and laboratories. The amended lease will expire in 2008 and contains options to renew for an additional 8 years and will require the Company to pay its allocated share of taxes and operating cost in addition to the annual base rent payment. Future minimum annual lease commitments including allocated taxes and maintenance under the amended operating leases are as follows: 2003 (remaining three months)............ $ 121,077 2004..................................... 484,310 2005..................................... 484,310 2006..................................... 484,310 2007..................................... 484,310 Thereafter............................. 443,950 ------- Total................................... $ 2,502,267 ============ Between January 1999 and April 2000, we received an aggregate of $227,522 from a recoverable grant award from the State of New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology. The funds were used to partially fund costs directly related to development of our technology. The recoverable grant is required to be repaid when we generate net sales in a fiscal year. The repayment obligation, which began in June 2001, ranges from 1% to 5% of net sales over a ten-year period. We are obligated to repay the unpaid amount of the original grant at the end of the ten-year period. We repaid approximately $21,000 of the award during the second quarter of 2003, which represents 3% of the 2002 net sales. 12 We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, together with cash available from the financing together with future expected conversions of unsecured debentures, and projected cash generated from our operations will be sufficient to satisfy anticipated cash needs of our operations through at least the next twelve months. We may raise additional funds through public or private financing, collaborative relationships or other arrangements. We cannot be assured that additional funding, if sought, will be available or will be on terms favorable to us. Further, any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. Our failure to raise capital when needed may harm our business and operating results. Critical Accounting Policies Application of Critical Accounting Policies The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and other financial information. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. In addition, our reported financial condition and results of operations could vary due to a change in the application of a particular accounting standard. We regard an accounting estimate underlying our financial statements as a "critical accounting estimate" if the accounting estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time of estimation and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used in the current period, or changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, would have had a material effect on the presentation of financial condition, changes in financial condition, or results of operations. Not all of these significant accounting policies, however, require management to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments or estimates. Our management has discussed our accounting policies with the audit committee of our board of directors, and we believe that our estimates relating to revenue recognition, convertible debt and stock options described below fit the definition of "critical accounting estimates." Revenue Recognition The Company's near term revenues will be derived substantially from contracts that require the Company to deliver hydrogen generation technology, management services, system design and prototype systems and licensing of technology for test and evaluation. It is anticipated that revenues will be recognized in the period in which the technology is delivered or licensed revenue is earned. Convertible Debt The Company accounts for the issuance and conversion of convertible debt in accordance with APB No. 14, "Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants". As a result, the Company records original issue discounts to the extent the fair value of the debt is below the face value of the instrument and amortizes the discount over the life of the instrument. To the extent conversions of debt into common stock are made prior to the maturity date of the instrument, the Company will record as interest expense a ratable proportion of the discount associated with the face value of the debt converted. The Company accounts for issuances of convertible debt in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") No. 00-27, "Application of Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments", and EITF No. 98-5, "Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios". As a result of certain conversion price discounts included within the Company's outstanding debt instruments, the Company will record interest expense resulting from Beneficial Conversion Features as described under the caption "Liquidity and Capital Resources" above. Stock Options The Company has recorded non-cash charges in 2003 and 2002 to the fair value of warrants issued to certain affiliates and third parties. Certain affiliates have the ability to earn new awards based on defined milestones and service periods. The accounting methodology requires a re-valuing of the related earned warrants at each reporting period using a Black-Scholes pricing model. Due to this variable accounting methodology, it is difficult to predict the amount of additional non-cash charges the Company will incur related to these warrants. The fair value of the Company's options and warrants issued to affiliates was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. 13 The Company also records non-cash charges for the difference between the grant price and market price on the date of grant related to certain stock options issued to employees and elected directors below market prices as defined by APB No. 25. The non-cash charge is recognized ratably over the related vesting period of the respective option contracts. The Company also discloses pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share that is required by SFAS No. 148. This information is required to be determined as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock options under the fair value method of that statement. The fair value of options granted has been estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. The Company's options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. Due to these highly subjective assumptions, the non-cash charges incurred in the first nine months of 2003 and 2002 for warrants issued to affiliates and the pro forma disclosures of net loss and loss per share for the first nine months of 2003 and 2002, are not likely to be representative of non-cash charges and the pro forma effects on net loss and loss per share, respectively, in future periods. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This report contains forward-looking statements (within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking information. When we use words such as "plan," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend" or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements. You should not rely on forward-looking statements because they are subject to a number of assumptions concerning future events, and are subject to a number of uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated. Please note that we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) the cost and timing of development and market acceptance of, and the availability of components and raw materials required by a hydrogen fuel storage and delivery system, (ii) competition from current, improving and alternate power technologies, (iii) our ability to raise capital at the times, in the amounts and at costs and terms that are acceptable to fund our business plan, (iv) our ability to protect our intellectual property, (v) our ability to achieve budgeted revenue and expense amounts, (vi) our ability to generate revenues from the sale or license of, or provision of services related to, our technology , (vii) our ability to form strategic alliances or partnerships to help promote our technology and achieve market acceptance, (viii) our ability to generate design, engineering, or management services revenue opportunities in the hydrogen generation or fuel cell markets, and (ix) other factors discussed under the caption "Investment Considerations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position, operating results or cash flows due to changes in U.S. interest rates. This exposure is directly related to our normal operating activities. Our cash and cash equivalents are invested with high quality issuers and are generally of a short-term nature. As a result, we do not believe that near-term changes in interest rates will have a material effect on our future results of operations. Our systems' ability to produce energy depends on the availability of sodium borohydride, which has a limited commercial use and is not manufactured in vast quantities. There are currently only two major manufacturers of sodium borohydride and there can be no assurance that the high cost of this specialty chemical will be reduced. Once we commence full operations in the future, we may need to enter into long-term supply contracts to protect against price increases of sodium borohydride. There can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into these agreements to protect against price increases. Item 4. Controls and Procedures (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. 14 The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-14(c) and 15d-14(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer has concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to the Company is made known to management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer, particularly during the period when our periodic reports are being prepared. (b) Changes in Internal Controls. Since the evaluation date, there have not been any significant changes in the Company's internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect such controls. 15 PART II Item 2. .........Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds. (a) None. (b) None. (c) In the third quarter of 2003, the Company issued the following shares of its common stock ("Shares") to an institutional and accredited investor ("Investor") upon conversion of an aggregate amount of $5,000,000 principal amount of the Company's unsecured convertible debentures owned by the Investor: Amount of Unsecured Convertible Number of Shares Date Debentures of Common Stock Issued ---- ---------- ---------------------- 8/11/03 $300,000 193,548 8/20/03 $600,000 379,747 8/28/03 $600,000 352,941 9/4/03 $300,000 167,598 9/5/03 $700,000 368,421 9/9/03 $500,000 239,234 9/22/03 $2,000,000 678,036 The issuances of the shares of Common Stock listed above were made by the Company in reliance upon the exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The resale of the Shares by the Investor is registered pursuant to a registration statement declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission. (d) None. Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K. (a) Exhibits 31.1 -- Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2 -- Certification of Acting Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1 -- Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (b) Reports on Form 8-K On July 23, 2003, the Company filed a Form 8-K under Item 9 (Information Provided Under Item 12 (Results of Financial Condition)) to announce its financial results for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2003. On September 12, 2003, the Company filed a Form 8-K under Item 9 (Regulation FD Disclosure) to provide a copy of the Company's investor presentation materials that were presented at Morgan Keegan, Inc. investor meetings from September 9, 2003 through September 12, 2003. 16 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. MILLENNIUM CELL INC. (Registrant) By: /s/ Stephen S. Tang ----------------------------- Stephen S. Tang President, Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer November 14, 2003 17