Exhibit (a)(1)(F)

  Guidelines for Certification of Taxpayer Identification Number on Substitute
                                    Form W-9



             GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                          NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

Guidelines for Determining the Proper Identification Number to Give to the
Payer. --- Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens:
i.e. 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by
only one hyphen: i.e. 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number
to give the payer.


                                                                                      
- ---------------------------------- -----------------------    -------------------------------- --------------------------------
For this type of account:          Give the                   For this type of account:        Give the EMPLOYER
                                   SOCIAL SECURITY                                             IDENTIFICATION
                                   number of --                                                number of --
- ---------------------------------- -----------------------    -------------------------------- --------------------------------

1. An individual's account         The individual             9. A valid trust, estate or      The legal entity (do not
                                                                  pension                      furnish the identifying number
                                                                                               of the personal representative
                                                                                               or trustee unless the legal
                                                                                               entity itself is not
                                                                                               designated in the account
                                                                                               title.) (5)

2. Two or more individuals         The actual owner of        10. Corporate account            The corporation
   (joint account)                 the account or, if
                                   combined funds, the
                                   first individual on
                                   the account (1)

3. Husband and wife (joint         The actual owner of        11. Religious, charitable, or    The organization
   account)                        the account or, if              educational organization
                                   joint funds, either             account
                                   person (1)

4. Custodian account of a minor    The minor (2)              12. Partnership account held     The partnership
   (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)                                    in the name of the
                                                                   business
5. Adult and minor (joint          The adult or, if the       13. Association, club, or        The organization
   account)                        minor is the only               other tax-exempt
                                   contributor, the                organization
                                   minor (1)

6. Account in the name of a        The ward, minor or         14. A broker or registered       The broker of nominee
   guardian or committee for a     incompetent person              nominee
   designated ward, minor or
   incompetent person

7. a. A revocable savings trust
     account (in which grantor     The grantor -              15. Account with the             The public entity
     is also trustee)              trustee(1)                      Department of Agriculture
                                                                   in the name of a public
   b. Any "trust" account that     The actual owner (1)            entity (such as a State
     is not a legal or valid                                       or local government,
     trust under State law                                         school district, or
                                                                   prison) that received
8. Sole proprietorship account     The owner (4)                   agricultural program
                                                                   payments
- ---------------------------------- -----------------------    -------------------------------- --------------------------------


(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number
(3) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
    person's social security number.
(4) Show the name of the owner. If the owner does not have an employer
    identification number, furnish the owner's social security number.
(5) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.

NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be
considered to be that of the first name listed.



             GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                          NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

                                     Page 2

Obtaining a Number

If you do not have a taxpayer identification number or you do not know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card (for
resident individuals), Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number
(for businesses and all other entities), or Form W-7 for International Taxpayer
Identification Number (for alien individuals required to file U.S. tax returns),
at an office of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue
Service.

To complete Substitute Form W-9, if you do not have a taxpayer identification
number, write "Applied For" in the space for the taxpayer identification number
in Part 1, sign and date the Form, and give it to the requester. Generally, you
will then have 60 days to obtain a taxpayer identification number and furnish it
to the requester. If the requester does not receive your taxpayer identification
number within 60 days, backup withholding, if applicable, will begin and will
continue until you furnish your taxpayer identification number to the requester.

Payees Exempt from Backup Withholding
Unless otherwise noted herein, all references below to section numbers or to
regulations are references to the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations
promulgated thereunder. Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on
ALL payments include the following:

o    A corporation.
o    A financial institution.
o    An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual
     retirement plan, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7).
o    The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
o    A state, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or
     any political subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
o    A foreign government or a political subdivision, agency or instrumentality
     thereof.
o    An international organization or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
o    A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the United
     States or a possession of the United States.
o    A real estate investment trust.
o    A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).
o    An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
     section 4947(a)(1).
o    An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment
     Company Act of 1940.
o    A foreign central bank of issue.

Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:

o    Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
o    Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the United
     States and which have at least one nonresident partner.
o    Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
     money.
o    Payments made by certain foreign organizations
o    Payments made to a nominee.
o    Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include
     the following:
o    Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. NOTE: You may be
     subject to backup with-holding if (i) this interest is $600 or more, and
     (ii) the interest is paid in the course of the payer's trade or business
     and(iii) you have not provided your correct taxpayer identification number
     to the payer.
o    Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
     section 852).
o    Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to non-resident aliens.
o    Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
o    Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
o    Payments made to a nominee.

Exempt payees described above should file a Substitute Form W-9 to avoid
possible erroneous backup withholding.

FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER,
WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYER.

Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under section 6041, 6041A(a), 6045
and 6050A.

Privacy Act Notices.--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividends,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers
who must report the payments to the IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for
identification purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your tax return.
Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are required to file
tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 31% of taxable interest, dividends,
and certain other payments to a payee who does not furnish a taxpayer
identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply.

Penalties.
(1) Penalty for failure to furnish taxpayer identification number.--If you fail
to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a
penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable
cause and not to willful neglect.
(2) Failure to report certain dividend and interest payments.--If you fail to
include any portion of an includible payment for interest, dividends, or
patronage dividends in gross income and such failure is due to negligence, a
penalty of 20% is imposed on any portion of an underpayment attributable to the
failure.
(3) Civil penalty for false statements with respect to withholding.--If you make
a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition of
backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(4) Criminal penalty for falsifying information.--If you falsify certification
or affirmations, you are subject to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.