Exhibit 3.1
ARTICLE I - DEFINITIONS
In these Bylaws, and for all purposes hereof, unless there be something in the
subject or context inconsistent therewith:
(a) "Corporation" shall mean AFP Imaging Corporation.
(b) "Certificate of Incorporation" shall mean the Composite of the Restated
Certificate of Incorporation (as amended through 12/10/04 with any and all
amendments thereto.
(c) "Board" shall mean the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
(d) "Shareholders" shall mean the shareholders of the Corporation.
(e) "Chairman of the Board," "Vice Chairman of the Board," "Chief Executive
Officer," "Chief Financial Officer," "President," "Executive Vice
President," "Senior Vice President," "Vice President," "Treasurer,"
"Secretary," and/or "Controller," as the case may be, shall mean the person
at any given time occupying the particular office with the Corporation.
ARTICLE II - MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
Section 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the Shareholders of the Corporation
shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation unless another place
either within or outside the State of New York as may from time to time be fixed
by the Board or specified or fixed in the notice of any such meeting.
Section 2. Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the Shareholders of the
Corporation for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other
business as may properly come before the meeting shall be held on the second
Tuesday in November of each calendar year, if not a legal holiday, or, if such
day shall be a legal holiday, then on the next succeeding day not a legal
holiday, or such other day as the Board may, from time to time, designate. If
any annual meeting shall not be held on the day designated herein, or if the
directors to be elected at such annual meeting shall not have been elected
thereat or at any adjournment thereof, the Board shall forthwith call a special
meeting of the Shareholders for the election of directors to be held as soon
thereafter as convenient and give notice thereof as provided in these Bylaws in
respect of the notice of an annual meeting of the Shareholders. At such special
meeting the Shareholders may elect the directors and transact other business
with the same force and effect as at an annual meeting of the Shareholders duly
called and held.
Section 3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Shareholders, unless
otherwise provided by law, may be called at any time by the Chairman of the
Board and shall be called by the Secretary when directed by the Board or by a
written request of holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote.
Section 4. Notice of Meetings. Notice of each meeting of the Shareholders,
annual or special, shall be given in the name of the Chairman of the Board, a
Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, a Vice
President or the Secretary. Such notice shall state the purpose or purposes for
which the meeting is called, the date and hour when and the place where it is to
be held, and that it was called by the Chief Executive Officer or on the order
of the Board or at the request of a majority of the Shareholders entitled to
vote at the meeting. A copy thereof shall be duly delivered or transmitted to
all Shareholders of record entitled to vote at such meeting, and all
Shareholders of record who, by reason of any action proposed to be taken at such
meeting, would be entitled to have their stock appraised if such action were
taken, not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the day on which the
meeting is called to be held. If mailed, such copy shall be directed to each of
the Shareholders at the address listed on the record of Shareholders of the
Corporation, or if the Shareholders shall have filed with the Secretary a
written request that notices be mailed to some other address, it shall be mailed
to the address designated in such request. Nevertheless, notice of any meeting
of the Shareholders shall not be required to be given to any of the Shareholders
who shall waive notice thereof as hereinafter provided in Article IX of these
Bylaws. Except when expressly required by law, notice of any adjourned meeting
of the Shareholders need not be given nor shall publication of notice of any
annual or special meeting thereof be required.
Section 5. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law, at all meetings of the
Shareholders, the presence of holders of record of a majority of the outstanding
shares of stock of the Corporation having voting power, in person or represented
by proxy and entitled to vote thereat, shall be necessary to constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum at any such meeting
or any adjournment or adjournments thereof, a majority in voting interest of
those present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote thereat,
or, in the absence of all the Shareholders, any officer entitled to preside at,
or to act as secretary of, such meeting, may adjourn such meeting from time to
time without further notice, other than by announcement at the meeting at which
such adjournment shall be taken, until a quorum shall be present thereat. At any
adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present any business may be
transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.
Section 6. Organization. At each meeting of the Shareholders, the Chairman of
the Board or, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer or, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive
Officer, a Vice Chairman of the Board or, if the Chairman of the Board, the
Chief Executive Officer and all Vice Chairmen of the Board shall be absent
therefrom, the President or, if the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer, all the Vice Chairmen of the Board and the President shall be absent
therefrom, an Executive Vice President, or if the Chairman of the Board, the
Chief Executive Officer, all the Vice Chairmen of the Board, the President and
all Executive Vice Presidents shall be absent therefrom, a Senior Vice President
shall act as chairman. The Secretary or, if the Secretary shall be absent from
such meeting or unable to act, the person whom the Chairman of such meeting
shall appoint secretary of such meeting shall act as secretary of such meeting
and keep the minutes thereof.
Section 7. Items of Business.
(a) The items of business at all meetings of the Shareholders shall be, insofar
as applicable, as follows:
o call to order;
o proof of notice of meeting or of waiver thereof;
o appointment of inspectors of election, if necessary;
o establish that a quorum is present;
o issuance of reports, as necessary;
o election of directors;
o other business specified in the notice of the meeting;
o voting; and
o adjournment.
(b) Any items of business not referred to in the foregoing may be taken up at
the meeting as the chairman of the meeting shall determine.
(c) No other business shall be transacted at any annual meeting of
Shareholders, except business as may be:
(i) specified in the notice of meeting (including Shareholder proposals
included in the Corporation's proxy materials under Rule 14a-8 of
Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934);
(ii) otherwise brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the
Board of Directors; and/or
(iii) a proper subject for the meeting which is timely submitted by a
Shareholder of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting who
complies fully with the notice requirements set forth below.
(d) For business to be properly submitted by a Shareholder before any annual
meeting under subparagraph II.7(c)(iii), a Shareholder must give timely
notice in writing of such business to the Secretary of the Corporation. To
be considered timely, a Shareholder's notice must be received by the
Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less
than 120 calendar days nor more than 150 calendar days before the calendar
date of the mailing of the Corporation's proxy statement released to
Shareholders in connection with the prior year's annual meeting. However,
if no annual meeting was held in the previous year, or if the date of the
applicable annual meeting has been changed by more than 30 days from the
date contemplated at the time of the previous year's proxy statement, a
Shareholder's notice must be received by the Secretary not later than 60
days before the date the Corporation commences mailing of its proxy
materials in connection with the applicable annual meeting.
(e) A Shareholder's notice to the Secretary to submit business to an annual
meeting of Shareholders shall set forth:
(i) the name and address of the Shareholder;
(ii) the number of shares of stock held of record and beneficially by such
Shareholder;
(iii) the name in which all such shares of stock are registered on the
stock transfer books of the Corporation;
(iv) a representation that the Shareholder intends to appear at the meeting
in person or by proxy to submit the business specified in such notice;
(v) a brief description of the business desired to be submitted to the
annual meeting, including the complete text of any resolutions
intended to be presented at the annual meeting, and the reasons for
conducting such business at the annual meeting;
(vi) any personal or other material interest of the Shareholder in the
business to be submitted; and
(vii) all other information relating to the proposed business which may be
required to be disclosed under applicable law.
In addition, a Shareholder seeking to submit such business at the meeting
shall promptly provide any other information reasonably requested by the
Corporation.
(f) The chairman of the meeting shall determine all matters relating to the
efficient conduct of the meeting, including, but not limited to, the items
of business, as well as the maintenance of order and decorum. The chairman
shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare that any putative
business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the
procedures prescribed by this Section II.7, in which case such business
shall not be transacted.
(g) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section II.7, a
Shareholder who seeks to have any proposal included in the Corporation's
proxy materials shall comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-8
promulgated under Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended.
Section 8. Voting.
(a) Except as otherwise provided by law or in the Certificate of Incorporation,
each holder of record of shares of stock of the Corporation having voting
power shall be entitled at each meeting of the Shareholders to one vote for
every share of such stock standing in the Shareholder's name on the record
of Shareholders of the Corporation:
(i) on the date fixed pursuant to the provisions of Section VIII.5 of
these Bylaws as the record date for the determination of the
Shareholders who shall be entitled to vote at such meeting;
(ii) if such record date shall not have been so fixed, then at the close of
business on the day next preceding the day on which notice of such
meeting shall have been given; or
(iii) if such record date shall not have been so fixed and if no notice of
such meeting shall have been given, then at the time of the call to
order of such meeting.
(b) Any vote at any meeting of the Shareholders may be given by the Shareholder
of record entitled thereto in person or by proxy appointed by such
Shareholder or by the Shareholder's attorney thereunto duly authorized and
delivered or transmitted to the secretary of such meeting at or prior to
the time designated in the order of business for turning in proxies. At all
meetings of the Shareholders at which a quorum shall be present, all
matters (except where otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or these Bylaws) shall be decided by the vote of a majority
of the votes cast in favor of or against such matter by the Shareholders
present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote thereon.
Except as otherwise provided by applicable law or in the Certificate of
Incorporation or these Bylaws, an abstention shall not constitute a vote
cast.
(c) Unless required by law, or determined by the chairman of the meeting to be
advisable, the vote on any matter need not be by ballot.
(d) On a vote by ballot, each ballot shall be signed by the Shareholder voting,
or by the Shareholder's proxy as such, if there be such proxy.
Section 9. List of Shareholders. A list, certified by the Secretary and/or an
appropriate employee of the transfer agent or registrar of voting securities of
the Corporation, of the Shareholders of the Corporation entitled to vote shall
be produced at any meeting of the Shareholders upon the request of any
Shareholder of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of applicable law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
Section 10. Inspectors of Election. Prior to the holding of each annual or
special meeting of the Shareholders, at least one inspector of election to serve
thereat shall be appointed by the Board or, if the Board shall not have made
such appointment, Chairman of the Board. If there shall be a failure to appoint
inspectors or, if, at any such meeting, any inspector so appointed shall be
absent or shall fail to act or the office shall become vacant, the chairman of
the meeting may or, at the request of a Shareholder present in person and
entitled to vote at such meeting, shall appoint such inspector(s) of election,
as the case may be, to act thereat. Each inspector(s) of election appointed to
act at any meeting of the Shareholders shall, before entering upon the discharge
of the inspector's duties, be sworn faithfully to execute the duties of
inspector at such meeting, with strict impartiality and according to the best of
the inspector's ability, and the oath so taken shall be subscribed by the
inspector. Such inspector(s) of election shall take charge of the polls and
shall, after the voting on any matter, make a certificate of the results of the
vote taken. No director or candidate for the office of director shall act as an
inspector of an election of directors. Inspectors need not be Shareholders.
Section 11. Written Consent. Whenever Shareholders are required or permitted to
take any action by vote, such action may be taken without a meeting on written
consent, setting forth the action so taken, signed by the holders of all
outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon.
ARTICLE III - BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be
managed by the Board. The Board may exercise all such authority and powers of
the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, directed or required to be
exercised or done by the Shareholders.
Section 2. Number; Qualifications; Election; Term of Office. The number of
directors of the Corporation shall be at least three (3) but not more than
eleven (11). Directors shall be at least eighteen years old. The directors shall
be elected at the annual meeting of the Shareholders. At each meeting of the
Shareholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, the
persons receiving a plurality of the votes at such election shall be elected.
Each director shall hold office until the annual meeting of the Shareholders
which shall be held next after the election of such director and until a
successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, or until death, or until
the director shall have resigned as hereinafter provided in Section III.10.
Section 3. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the Board shall be held at such place,
either within or outside State of New York, as may from time to time be fixed by
the Board or specified or fixed in the notice of any such meeting.
Section 4. Annual Meeting. The Board shall meet for the purpose of organization,
the election of officers and the transaction of other business, on the same day
and at the same place the annual meeting of Shareholders is held. Notice of such
meeting need not be given. Such meeting may be held at any other time or place
which shall be specified in a notice thereof given as provided in Section III.7.
Section 5. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held at
times and dates fixed by the Board or at such other times and dates as the
Chairman of the Board shall determine and as shall be specified in the notice of
such meetings. Notice of regular meetings of the Board need not be given except
as otherwise required by law or these Bylaws.
Section 6. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the
Chairman of the Board, and shall be called by the Secretary on the written
demand of at least a majority of the Directors then in office.
Section 7. Notice of Meetings. Notice of each special meeting of the Board (and
of each regular meeting for which notice shall be required) shall be given by
the Secretary as provided in this Section III.7, in which notice shall be stated
the time, place and, if required by law or these Bylaws, the purposes of such
meeting. Notice of each such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each
director, by first-class mail, at least two days before the day on which such
meeting is to be held, or shall be sent by facsimile transmission or comparable
medium, or be delivered personally, against receipt thereof, or by telephone, at
least twenty-four hours before the time at which such meeting is to be held.
Notice of any such meeting need not be given to any director who shall waive
notice thereof as provided in Article IX. Any meeting of the Board shall be a
legal meeting without notice thereof having been given, if all the directors of
the Corporation then holding office shall be present thereat.
Section 8. Quorum and Manner of Acting. A majority of the Board shall be present
in person at any meeting of the Board in order to constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business at such meeting. Participation in a meeting by means of
a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons
participating in the meeting to hear each other shall constitute presence in
person at a meeting. Except as otherwise expressly required by law or the
Certificate of Incorporation and except also as specified in Sections IV.1,
IV.5, IV.6, and V.3 and in Article XIII, the act of a majority of the directors
present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the
Board. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board, a majority of the
directors present thereat may adjourn such meeting from time to time until a
quorum shall be present thereat. Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be
given. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may
be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally
called. The directors shall act only as a Board and the individual directors
shall have no power as such.
Section 9. Organization. At each meeting of the Board, the Chairman of the Board
or, in the case of the Chairman's absence therefrom, the Chief Executive
Officer, or in the case of the Chairman of the Board's and the Chief Executive
Officer's absence therefrom, a Vice Chairman or, in the case of the absence of
all such persons, another director chosen by a majority of directors present
shall act as chairman of the meeting and preside thereat. The Secretary or, if
the Secretary shall be absent from such meeting, any person appointed by the
chairman shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.
Section 10. Resignations. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time
by giving written notice of resignation to the Board, Chairman of the Board or
Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein
or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein,
immediately upon its receipt; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the
acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Section 11. Vacancies. Any vacancy in the Board, whether arising from death,
resignation, an increase in the number of directors or any other cause, may be
filled by the Board.
Section 12. Retirement of Directors. The Board may prescribe a retirement policy
for directors on or after reaching a certain age; provided, however, that such
retirement shall not cut short the annual term for which any director shall have
been elected by the Shareholders.
ARTICLE IV - COMMITTEES
Section 1. Committees.
(a) The Board may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, designate
members of the Board to constitute a committee, which shall have, and may
exercise, such powers as the Board may by resolution delegate to them and
shall, in each case, consist of such number of directors as the Board may
determine; provided, however, that each such committee shall have at least
three directors as members thereof. Such a committee may either be
constituted for a specified term or may be constituted as a standing
committee which does not require annual or periodic reconstitution. A
majority of all the members of any such committee may determine its action
and its quorum requirements and may fix the time and place of its meetings,
unless the Board shall otherwise provide. Participating in a meeting by
means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment
allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other shall
constitute presence at a meeting of such other committees.
(b) The Board may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, create a
committee of indeterminate membership and duration and not subject to the
limitations as to the membership, quorum and manner of meeting and acting
prescribed in these Bylaws, which committee, in the event of a major
disaster or catastrophe or national emergency which renders the Board
incapable of action by reason of the death, physical incapacity or
inability to meet of some or all of its members, shall have, and may
exercise all the powers of the Board in the management of the business and
affairs of the Corporation (including, without limitation, the power to
authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may
require it and the power to fill vacancies in the Board). An act of such
committee taken within the scope of its authority shall be an act of the
Board.
Section 2. Changes in Committees; Resignations; Removals; Vacancies. The Board
shall have power, by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, at any time
to change or remove the members of, to fill vacancies in, and to discharge any
committee created pursuant to these Bylaws, either with or without cause. Any
member of any such committee may resign at any time by giving written notice to
the Board or the Chairman of the Board or the Secretary. Such resignation shall
take effect upon receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein;
and, unless otherwise specified therein, acceptance of such resignation shall
not be necessary to make it effective. Any vacancy in any committee, whether
arising from death, resignation, an increase in the number of committee members
or any other cause, shall be filled by the Board in the manner prescribed in
these Bylaws for the original appointment of the members of such committee.
ARTICLE V - OFFICERS
Section 1. Number and Qualifications. The officers of the Corporation shall
include the Chairman of the Board, and may include one or more Vice Chairmen of
the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial
Officer, one or more Vice Presidents (one or more of whom may be designated as
Executive Vice Presidents or as Senior Vice Presidents or by other
designations), the Treasurer, the Secretary, and/or the Controller. Any two or
more offices may be held by the same person, except the offices of President and
Secretary. Officers shall be appointed from time to time by the Board, each to
hold office until a successor shall have been duly elected and shall have
qualified, or until death, or until resignation as hereinafter provided in
Section V.2, or until removed as hereinafter provided in Section V.3.
Section 2. Resignations. Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time
by giving written notice of resignation to the Board, Chairman of the Board,
Chief Executive Officer or Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at
the time specified therein or, if the time when it shall become effective shall
not be specified therein, upon its receipt; and, unless otherwise specified
therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it
effective.
Section 3. Removal. Any officer of the Corporation may be removed, either with
or without cause, at any time, by a resolution adopted by a majority of the
Board at any meeting of the Board.
Section 4. Vacancies. A vacancy in any office, whether arising from death,
resignation, removal or any other cause, may be filled for the unexpired portion
of the term of office which shall be vacant, in the manner prescribed in these
Bylaws for the regular appointment to such office.
Section 5. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall, if present,
preside at each meeting of the Shareholders and Board and shall perform such
other duties as may from time to time be assigned by the Board. The Chairman may
sign certificates representing shares of the stock of the Corporation pursuant
to the provisions of Section VII.1; sign, execute and deliver in the name of the
Corporation all deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments
authorized by the Board, except in cases where the signing, execution or
delivery thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board or these Bylaws to
some other officer or agent of the Corporation or where they shall be required
by law otherwise to be signed, executed and delivered; and affix the seal of the
Corporation to any instrument which shall require it. The Chairman of the Board,
when there is no Chief Executive Officer or in the absence or incapacity of the
Chief Executive Officer, shall perform all the duties and functions and exercise
all the powers of the Chief Executive Officer.
Section 6. Vice Chairman of the Board. Each Vice Chairman of the Board shall
assist the Chairman of the Board and have such other duties as may be assigned
by the Board or the Chairman of the Board. The Vice Chairman may sign
certificates representing shares of the stock of the Corporation pursuant to the
provisions of Section VII.1; sign, execute and deliver in the name of the
Corporation all deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments
authorized by the Board, except in cases where the signing, execution or
delivery thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board or these Bylaws to
some officer or agent of the Corporation or where they shall be required by law
otherwise to be signed, executed and delivered; and affix the seal of the
Corporation to any instrument which shall require it.
Section 7. Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall perform
all such duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board or the
Chairman of the Board. The Chief Executive Officer may sign certificates
representing shares of the stock of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions
of Section VII.1; sign, execute and deliver in the name of the Corporation all
deeds mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments authorized by the Board,
except in cases where the signing, execution or delivery thereof shall be
expressly delegated by the Board or these Bylaws to some other officer or agent
of the Corporation or where they shall be required by law otherwise to be
signed, executed and delivered, and affix the seal of the Corporation to any
instrument which shall require it; and, in general, perform all duties incident
to the office of Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall in
the absence or incapacity of the Chairman of the Board, perform all the duties
and functions and exercise all the powers of the Chairman of the Board.
Section 8. Designated Officers.
(a) President. Either the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or
such other person, as the Board of Directors may designate, shall be the
President of the Corporation. The President so designated shall have, in
addition to the powers and duties applicable, if any, to the office set
forth in Sections V.5 or V.7, general and active supervision over the
business and affairs of the Corporation and over its several officers,
agents, and employees, subject, however, to the control of the Board. The
President shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board are
carried into effect, be an ex officio member of all committees of the Board
(except the Audit Committee, the Directors and Corporate Governance
Committee, and committees specifically empowered to fix or approve the
President's compensation or to grant or administer bonus, option or other
similar plans in which the President is eligible to participate), and, in
general, shall perform all duties incident to the position of President and
such other duties as may from time to time be assigned by the Board.
(b) Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents and Vice Presidents. Each
Executive and Senior Vice President shall perform all such duties as from
time to time may be assigned by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, a
Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.
Each Vice President shall perform all such duties as from time to time may
be assigned by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the
Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or an Executive or a
Senior Vice President. Any Vice President may sign certificates
representing shares of stock of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions
of Section VII.1
(c) Other Designated Officers. The Board of Directors may designate officers to
serve as Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and other such
designated positions and to fulfill the responsibilities of such designated
positions in addition to their duties as officers as set forth in this
Article V.
Section 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall:
(a) have charge and custody of, and be responsible for, all the funds and
securities of the Corporation, and may invest the same in any securities,
may open, maintain and close accounts for effecting any and all purchase,
sale, investment and lending transactions in securities of any and all
kinds for and on behalf of the Corporation or any employee pension or
benefit plan fund or other fund established by the Corporation, as may be
permitted by law;
(b) keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books
belonging to the Corporation;
(c) deposit all moneys and other valuables to the credit of the Corporation in
such depositaries as may be designated by the Board or the other committee;
(d) receive, and give receipts for, moneys due and payable to the Corporation
from any source whatsoever;
(e) disburse the funds of the Corporation and supervise the investment of its
funds, taking proper vouchers therefor;
(f) render to the Board, whenever the Board may require, an account of all
transactions as Treasurer; and
(g) in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and
such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board or the
Chairman of the Board, or a Vice Chairman of the Board, or the Chief
Executive Officer, or the President, or an Executive or Senior Vice
President.
Section 10. Secretary. The Secretary shall:
(a) keep or cause to be kept in one or more books provided for the purpose, the
minutes of all meetings of the Board, any and all committees of the Board
and the Shareholders;
(b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of
these Bylaws and as required by law;
(c) be custodian of the records and the seal of the Corporation and affix and
attest the seal to all stock certificates of the Corporation and affix and
attest the seal to all other documents to be executed on behalf of the
Corporation under its seal;
(d) see that the books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents
and records required by law to be kept and filed are properly kept and
filed; and
(e) in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Secretary and
such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board,
Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer, or the President or an Executive or Senior Vice President.
Section 11. Controller. The Controller shall:
(a) have control of all the books of account of the Corporation;
(b) keep a true and accurate record of all property owned by it, of its debts
and of its revenues and expenses;
(c) keep all accounting records of the Corporation (other than the accounts of
receipts and disbursements and those relating to the deposits of money and
other valuables of the Corporation, which shall be kept by the Treasurer);
(d) render to the Board, whenever the Board may require, an account of the
financial condition of the Corporation; and
(e) in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Controller and
such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board, the
Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer, or the President, or an Executive or Senior Vice President.
Section 12. Compensation. The compensation of the officers of the Corporation
shall be fixed from time to time by the Board; provided, however, that the Board
may delegate to a committee the power to fix or approve the compensation of any
officers. An officer of the Corporation shall not be prevented from receiving
compensation by reason of being also a director of the Corporation; but any such
officer who shall also be a director shall not have any vote in the
determination of the amount of compensation paid to such officer.
ARTICLE VI - CONTRACTS, CHECKS, DRAFTS, BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC
Section 1. Execution of Contracts. Except as otherwise required by law or these
Bylaws, any contract or other instrument may be executed and delivered in the
name and on behalf of the Corporation by any officer (including any assistant
officer) of the Corporation. The Board or any committee so empowered may
authorize any agent or employee to execute and deliver any contract or other
instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may
be general or confined to specific instances as the Board or such committee, as
the case may be, may by resolution determine.
Section 2. Loans. Unless the Board shall otherwise determine, the Chairman of
the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the
President, or any Vice President, acting together with the Treasurer or the
Secretary, may effect loans and advances at any time for the Corporation from
any bank, trust company or other institution, or from any firm, corporation or
individual, and for such loans and advances may make, execute and deliver
promissory notes, bonds or other certificates or evidences of indebtedness of
the Corporation, but in making such loans or advances no officer or officers
shall mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or transfer any securities or other property
of the Corporation, except when authorized by resolution adopted by the Board.
Section 3. Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, drafts, bills of exchange or other
orders for the payment of money out of the funds of the Corporation, and all
notes or other evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation, shall be signed in
the name and on behalf of the Corporation by such persons and in such manner as
shall from time to time be authorized by the Board or any committee, which
authorization may be general or confined to specific instances.
Section 4. Deposits. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall
be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such banks,
trust companies or other depositaries as the Board or any committee so empowered
may from time to time designate or as may be designated by any officer or
officers of the Corporation to whom such power of designation may from time to
time be delegated by the Board or any committee so empowered to delegate. For
the purpose of deposit and for the purpose of collection for the account of the
Corporation, checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of money which are
payable to the order of the Corporation may be endorsed, assigned and delivered
by any officer, employee or agent of the Corporation.
Section 5. General and Special Bank Accounts. The Board or any committee so
empowered may from time to time authorize the opening and keeping of general and
special bank accounts with such banks, trust companies or other depositaries as
the Board or any committee so empowered may designate or as may be designated by
any officer or officers of the Corporation to whom such power of designation may
from time to time be delegated by the Board or any committee to empowered. The
Board or any committee so empowered may make such special rules and regulations
with respect to such bank accounts, not inconsistent with the provisions of
these Bylaws, as it may deem expedient.
ARTICLE VII - SHARES
Section 1. Stock Certificates. The shares of the Corporation shall be
represented by certificates, or shall be uncertificated shares. Each owner of
stock of the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form
as shall be approved by the Board, certifying the number of shares of stock of
the Corporation owned. To the extent that shares are represented by
certificates, such certificates of stock shall be signed in the name of the
Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the
Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President and by the Secretary
and sealed with the seal of the Corporation (which seal may be a facsimile,
engraved or printed); provided, however, that where any such certificate is
signed by a registrar, other than the Corporation or its employee, the
signatures of the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief
Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary, and transfer agent or a
transfer clerk, acting on behalf of the Corporation, upon such certificates may
be facsimiles, engraved or printed. In case any officer, transfer agent or
transfer clerk acting on behalf of the Corporation ceases to be such officer,
transfer agent, or transfer clerk before such certificates shall be issued, they
may nevertheless be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if they
were still such officer, transfer agent or transfer clerk at the date of their
issue.
Section 2. Books of Account and Record of Shareholders. There shall be kept at
the office of the Corporation correct books of account of all its business and
transactions, minutes of the proceedings of Shareholders, Board, and any
committee, and a book to be known as the record of Shareholders, containing the
names and addresses of all persons who are Shareholders, the number of shares of
stock held, and the date when the Shareholder became the owner of record
thereof.
Section 3. Transfers of Stock. Transfers of shares of stock of the Corporation
shall be made on the record of Shareholders of the Corporation only upon
authorization by the registered holder thereof, or by an attorney thereunto
authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary, a
transfer agent or transfer clerk, and on surrender of the certificate or
certificates for such shares properly endorsed, provided such shares are
represented by a certificate, or accompanied by a duly executed stock transfer
power and the payment of all taxes thereon. The person in whose names shares of
stock shall stand on the record of Shareholders of the Corporation shall be
deemed the owner thereof for all purposes as regards the Corporation. Whenever
any transfers of shares shall be made for collateral security and not absolutely
and written notice thereof shall be given to the Secretary, such transfer agent
or such transfer clerk, such fact shall be stated in the entry of the transfer.
Section 4. Regulations. The Board may make such additional rules and regulations
as it may deem expedient, not inconsistent with these Bylaws, concerning the
issue, transfer and registration of certificated or uncertificated shares of
stock of the Corporation. The Board may appoint, or authorize any officer or
officers to appoint, one or more transfer agents or transfer clerks and one or
more registrars and may require all certificates of stock to bear the signature
or signatures of any of them.
Section 5. Fixing of Record Date. The Board shall fix a time, not exceeding
sixty nor less than ten days prior to the date then fixed for the holding of any
meeting of the Shareholders or prior to the last day on which the consent or
dissent of the Shareholders may be effectively expressed for any purpose without
a meeting, as the time as of which the Shareholders entitled to notice of and to
vote at such meeting or whose consent or dissent is required or may be expressed
for any purpose, as the case may be, shall be determined, and all persons who
were holders of record of voting stock at such time, and no others, shall be
entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting or to express their consent or
dissent, as the case may be. The Board may fix a time not exceeding sixty days
preceding the date fixed for the payment of any dividend or the making of any
distribution or the allotment of rights to subscribe for securities of the
Corporation, or for the delivery of evidences of rights or evidences of
interests arising out of any change, conversion or exchange of capital stock or
other securities, as the record date for the determination of the Shareholders
entitled to receive any such dividend, distribution, allotment, rights or
interests, and in such case only the Shareholders of record at the time so fixed
shall be entitled to receive such dividend, distribution, allotment, rights or
interests.
Section 6. Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates. The holder of any
certificate representing shares of stock of the Corporation shall immediately
notify the Corporation of any loss, destruction or mutilation of such
certificate, and the Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in the
place of any certificate theretofore issued by it which the owner thereof shall
allege to have been lost or destroyed or which shall have been mutilated, and
the Corporation may, in its discretion, require such owner or the owner's legal
representatives to give to the Corporation a bond in such sum, limited or
unlimited, in such form and with such surety or sureties as the Board, in its
absolute discretion, shall determine to indemnify the Corporation against any
claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss or destruction
of any such certificate, or the issuance of such new certificate. Anything to
the contrary notwithstanding, the Corporation, in its absolute discretion, may
refuse to issue any such new certificate, except pursuant to legal proceedings
under the laws of the State of New York.
Section 7. Inspection of Records. The record of Shareholders and minutes of the
proceedings of Shareholders shall be available for inspection, within the limits
and subject to the conditions and restrictions prescribed by applicable law.
Section 8. Auditors. The Board, or a committee of the Board duly authorized,
shall employ an independent public or certified public accountant or firm of
such accountants who shall act as auditors in making examinations of the
consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and its subsidiaries in
accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The auditors shall
certify that the annual financial statements are prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles, and shall report on such financial
statements to the Shareholders and directors of the Corporation. The Board's, or
such committee's, selection of auditors may be presented for ratification by the
Shareholders at the annual meeting. Directors and officers, when acting in good
faith, may rely upon financial statements of the Corporation represented to them
to be correct by the officer of the Corporation having charge of its books of
account, or stated in a written report by the auditors fairly to reflect the
financial condition of the Corporation.
ARTICLE VIII - OFFICES
Section 1. Principal Office. The principal office of the Corporation shall be at
250 Clearbrook Road in the Town of Elmsford, County of Westchester and State of
New York.
Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation also may have an office or offices
other than said principal office at such place(s) as the Board shall from time
to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE IX - WAIVER OF NOTICE
Section 1. Waiver of Notice. Whenever under the provisions of any law of the
State of New York, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or any
resolution of the Board or any committee thereof, the Corporation, the Board or
any committee thereof is authorized to take any action after notice to the
Shareholders, directors or members of any such committee, or after the lapse of
a prescribed period of time, such action may be taken without notice and without
the lapse of any period of time, if, at any time before or after such action
shall be completed, such notice or lapse of time shall be waived by the person
or persons entitled to said notice or entitled to participate in the action to
be taken, or, in the case of a Shareholder, by an attorney thereunto authorized.
Attendance at a meeting requiring notice by any person or, in the case of a
Shareholder, by the Shareholder's attorney, agent or proxy, shall constitute a
waiver of such notice on the part of the person so attending, or by such
Shareholder, as the case may be.
ARTICLE X - FISCAL YEAR
Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on the
thirtieth day of June of each calendar year.
ARTICLE XI - SEAL
Section 1. Form of Corporate Seal. The corporate seal of the Corporation shall
have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its
organization, and the words "Corporate Seal, New York."
ARTICLE XII - INDEMNIFICATION
Section 1. Indemnification. The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent
permitted by applicable law as in effect at any time, indemnify any person made,
or threatened to be made, a party to an action or proceeding whether civil or
criminal (including an action or proceeding by or in the right of the
Corporation or any other corporation of any type or kind, domestic or foreign,
or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other
enterprise, for which any director or officer of the Corporation served in any
capacity at the request of the Corporation), by reason of the fact that such
person or such person's testator or intestate was a director or officer of the
Corporation, or served such other corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise in any capacity, against
judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement and reasonable expenses, including
attorneys' fees actually and necessarily incurred as a result of such action or
proceeding, or any appeal therein. Such indemnification shall be a contract
right and shall include the right to be paid advances of any expenses incurred
by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, consistent
with the provisions of applicable law in effect at any time. Indemnification
shall be deemed to be "permitted" within the meaning of the first sentence
hereof if it is not expressly prohibited by applicable law as in effect at the
time.
ARTICLE XIII - AMENDMENTS
Section 1. Manner of Amending Bylaws. These Bylaws may be amended or repealed or
new Bylaws may be adopted by the Shareholders at any annual or special meeting,
if the notice thereof mentions that amendment or repeal or the adoption of new
Bylaws is one of the purposes of such meeting. These Bylaws, subject to the laws
of the State of New York, may also be amended or repealed or new Bylaws may be
adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board given at any meeting,
if the notice thereof mentions that amendment or repeal or the adoption of new
Bylaws is one of the purposes of such meeting.