Exhibit 3.1 ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT ELECTRONIC TRANSACTION RAPPORT DE LA TRANSACTION [INDUSTRY Industry Canada Industrie Canada REPORT ELECTRONIQUE CANADA LOGO] ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT CLAUSES MODICIATRICES Canada Business Loi canadienne sur les (SECTION 27 OR 177) (ARTICLES 27 OU 177) Corporations Act societes par actions - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - Name of corporation - Denomination de la societe |2 - Corporation No. - N' de la societe | GUARDIAN BIOTECHNOLOGIES INC. | 410170-7 3 - The articles of the above-named corporation are amended as follows: les statuts de la societe mentionnee ci-dessus sont modifies de la facon suivante 3. The classes and any maximum number of shares that the corporation is authorized to issue See attached schedual I 4. Restrictions, if any, on share transfers None 5. Number (or minimum and maximum number) of directors Min. of 3, Max. of 10 7. Other provisions, if any See attached Schedual II SCHEDULE I The class and any maximum number of shares that the Corporation is authorized to issue shall consist of an unlimited number of Common Shares with the following rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions: COMMON SHARES SECTION 1. VOTING RIGHTS Each holder of Common Shares shall be entitled to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of shareholders of the Corporation and to vote thereat. At all meetings of which notice must be given to the holders of the Common Shares, each holder of Common Shares shall be entitled to one vote in respect of each Common Share held by such holder. SECTION 2. DIVIDENDS The holders of the Common Shares shall be entitled to receive any dividend declared by the Corporation. SECTION 3. LIQUIDATION, DISSOLUTION OR WINDING-UP The holders of the Common Shares shall be entitled to receive the remaining property of the Corporation on a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary. SCHEDULE II 1. The directors may appoint from time to time one or more directors within the limits provided in the Canada Business Corporations Act. 2. The directors are authorized to determine the number of directors of the Corporation from time to time to time by resolution. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date Name - Nom Signature Capacity of - en qualite 2002-11-27 SUN LEE DIRECTOR - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT ELECTRONIC TRANSACTION RAPPORT DE LA TRANSACTION [INDUSTRY Industry Canada Industrie Canada REPORT ELECTRONIQUE CANADA LOGO] ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT CLAUSES MODICIATRICES Canada Business Loi canadienne sur les (SECTION 27 OR 177) (ARTICLES 27 OU 177) Corporations Act societes par actions - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - Name of corporation - Denomination de la societe |2 - Corporation No. - N' de la societe | GUARDIAN BIOTECHNOLOGIES INC. | 410170-7 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 - The articles of the above-named corporation are amended as follows: les statuts de la societe mentionnee ci-dessus sont modifies de la facon suivante 1. Name of Corporation Guardian Biotechnologies Inc. 2. The province or territory in Canada where the registered office is situated Saskatchewan 3. The classes and any maximum number of shares that the corporation is authorized to issue See attached schedule I 4. Restrictions, if any, on share transfers None 5. Number (or minimum and maximum number) of directors Min. of 3, Max. of 10 7. Other provisions, if any See attached Schedule II SCHEDULE I The class and any maximum number of shares that the Corporation is authorized to issue shall consist of an unlimited number of Common Shares with the following rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions: COMMON SHARES SECTION 1. VOTING RIGHTS Each holder of Common Shares shall be entitled to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of shareholders of the Corporation and to vote thereat. At all meetings of which notice must be given to the holders of the Common Shares, each holder of Common Shares shall be entitled to one vote in respect of each Common Share held by such holder. SECTION 2. DIVIDENDS The holders of the Common Shares shall be entitled to receive any dividend declared by the Corporation. SECTION 3. LIQUIDATION, DISSOLUTION OR WINDING-UP The holders of the Common Shares shall be entitled to receive the remaining property of the Corporation on a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary. SCHEDULE II 1. The number of shareholders in the Corporation is unlimited. 2. Invitation to the public to subscribe the securities of the Corporation is allowed. 3. The directors may appoint from time to time one or more directors within the limits provided in the Canada Business Corporations Act. 4. The directors are authorized to determine the number of directors of the Corporation from time to time to time by resolution. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date Name - Nom Signature Capacity of - en qualite 2002-12-06 SUN LEE DIRECTOR - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION [INDUSTRY Industry Canada Industrie Canada FORM 1 FORMULE 1 CANADA LOGO] Canada Business Loi canadienne sur les ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION STATUTS CONSTITUTIFS Corporations Act societes par actions (SECTION 6) (ARTICLE 6) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 - Name of corporation - Denomination de la societe GUARDIAN BIOTECHNOLOGIES INC. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 - The province or territory in Canada where the registered La province ou le territoire au Canada ou est situe office is situated le siege social Saskatchewan - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 - The classes and any maximum number of shares that the Categories et tout nombre maximal d' actions que la corporation is authorized to issue societe est authorisee a emettre One hundred Million of common shares - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 - Restrictions, if any, on share transfers Restrictions sur le transfert des actions, s'll y a lieu See attached Schedule I - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 - Number (or minimum and maximum number) of directors Nombre (ou nombre minimal et maximal) d'administrateurs Minimum 1, Maximum 10 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 - Restrictions, if any, on business the corporation may Limites imposees a l'activite commerciale de la carry on societe, s'll y a lieu None - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 - Other provisions, if any Autres dispositions, s'll y a lieu See attached Schedule II - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 - Incorporators - fondateus - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name(s) - Nom(s) Address (including postal code) Signature Adresse (inclure le code postal) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sun Lee 16th Floor, 543 Granville street Vancouver, BC V6C 1X8 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ FOR DEPARTMENTAL USE ONLY - |A L'USAGE DU MINISTERE SEULEMENT |Filed - Deposee Corporation No. - N de la societe | | AUG 20 2002 410170-7 | AOUT 20 2002 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SCHEDULE I TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION The right to transfer shares of the Corporation shall be restricted in that no shareholder shall be entitled to transfer any share or shares of the Corporation without the approval of: a. the directors of the Corporation expressed by resolution passed by the votes cast by a majority of the directors of the Corporation at a meeting of the board of directors or signed by all of the directors of the Corporation; OR b. the shareholders of the Corporation expressed by resolution passed by the votes cast by a majority of the shareholders who voted in respect of the resolution or signed by all shareholders entitled to vote on that resolution. SCHEDULE II TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION Other provisions: a. The number of shareholders in the Corporation, exclusive of employees and former employees who, while employed by the Corporation were, and following the termination of that employment, continue to be, shareholders of the Corporation, is limited to not more than fifty, two or more persons who are the joint registered holders of one or more shares being counted as one shareholder. b. Any invitation to the public to subscribe for securities of the Corporation is prohibited. c. If authorized by by-law which is duly made by the directors and confirmed by ordinary resolution of the shareholders, the directors of the Corporation may from time to time: i. borrow money upon the credit of the Corporation; ii. issue, reissue, sell or pledge debt obligations of the Corporation; and iii. mortgage, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise create a security interest in all or any property of the Corporation, owned or subsequently acquired to secure any debt obligation of the Corporation. Any such by-law may provide for the delegation of such powers by the directors to such officers or directors of the Corporation to such extent and in such manner as may be set out in the by-law. Nothing herein limits or restricts the borrowing of money by the Corporation on bills of exchange or promissory notes made, drawn, accepted or endorsed by or on behalf of the Corporation. d. The directors may appoint one or more directors, who shall hold office for a term expiring not later than the close of the next annual general meeting of shareholders, but the total number of directors so appointed may not exceed one third of the number of directors elected at the previous annual general meeting of shareholders.