Execution Copy
EXHIBIT 10.4
AMENDED AND RESTATED
GOVERNANCE AGREEMENT
This AMENDED AND RESTATED GOVERNANCE AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is
made as of December 23, 2002, by and among AdStar, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the "AdStar"), Leslie Bernhard ("Bernhard"), Eli Rousso ("Rousso"), and Tribune
Company, a Delaware corporation (the "Investor"). Each of Bernhard and Rousso is
referred to herein as a "Stockholder" and collectively, the "Stockholders".
WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, each of the Stockholders
Beneficially Own (as defined below) the number of shares of Common Stock of
AdStar set forth opposite his, her or its name on Schedule 1 attached hereto;
WHEREAS, on March 18, 2002, the Investor purchased 1,443,457 shares
of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, of AdStar
(the "Series A Preferred Stock") pursuant to the terms of the Series A Preferred
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of March 18, 2002, by and between AdStar and
the Investor (the "Series A Purchase Agreement");
WHEREAS, in connection with, and as a condition to, the Series A
Purchase Agreement, AdStar and the Investor entered into a Governance Agreement
dated as of March 18, 2002;
WHEREAS, the Investor will be purchasing on the date hereof shares
of Series B-1 Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, of AdStar (the
"Series B-1 Preferred Stock") pursuant to the terms of the Series B Preferred
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of the date hereof, by and between AdStar and
the Investor (the "Series B Purchase Agreement") and on the date of the
Subsequent Closing (as defined in the Series B Purchase Agreement), the Investor
will be purchasing certain shares of Series-B-2 Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par
value per share, of AdStar (the "Series B-2 Preferred Stock" and, together with
the Series B-1 Preferred Stock, the "Series B Preferred Stock") and will be
exchanging its Series B-1 Preferred Stock for additional shares of Series B-2
Preferred Stock;
WHEREAS, as senior officers and stockholders of AdStar, the
Stockholders will materially benefit from the Investor's investment under the
Series B Purchase Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Series B Purchase Agreement is conditioned upon this
Agreement being executed by the parties hereto.
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and
sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, each of the parties hereby agrees
as follows:
1. Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall
have the following meanings:
"Affiliate" means, with respect to a Person, any other Person that
directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is
Controlled by or is under common Control with such Person.
"Beneficially Own" has the meaning specified in Rule 13d-3 under the
Exchange Act as in effect on the date hereof.
"Bernhard" has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph hereof.
"Board" means the Board of Directors of AdStar.
"Common Stock" means the common stock of AdStar, par value $0.0001
per share and any other class or series of common stock issued by AdStar
subsequent to the date of this Agreement.
"Control" has the meaning specified in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange
Act as in effect on the date hereof.
"Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
"Investor" has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph hereof.
"Listing Rules" has the meaning set forth in Section 2(b).
"Nominee" means such Person as is so designated by the Investor from
time to time to serve as a member of the Board pursuant to this Agreement.
"Observor" has the meaning set forth in Section 2(c).
"Person" means any individual, corporation, association, limited
liability company, partnership, trust or estate, an unincorporated organization,
a joint venture, a government or any agency or political subdivision thereof, or
any other entity of whatever nature.
"Rousso" has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph hereof.
"Series A Preferred Stock" means the authorized and outstanding
shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value of AdStar.
"Series A Purchase Agreement" has the meaning set forth in the
second recital above.
"Series B Preferred Stock" has the meaning set forth in the fourth
recital above.
"Series B-1 Preferred Stock" means the authorized and outstanding
shares of Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value of AdStar.
-2-
"Series B-2 Preferred Stock" means the authorized and outstanding
shares of Series B-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value of AdStar.
"Series B Purchase Agreement" has the meaning set forth in the
fourth recital above.
"Stockholders" has the meaning set forth in the first paragraph
hereof.
"Transfer" means any sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, mortgage,
exchange, hypothecation, grant of a security interest or other direct or
indirect disposition or encumbrance of an interest (whether with or without
consideration whether voluntarily or involuntarily or by operation of law) or
actions thereof.
Unless otherwise stated, other capitalized terms used but not
defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Series B Purchase
Agreement.
2. Nomination. Until the termination of this Agreement:
(a) Each of the Stockholders and the Investor, respectively, shall
vote his, her or its shares and any other voting securities of AdStar (whether
now owned or hereafter acquired) over which such Stockholder has voting control
and shall take all other necessary or desirable actions within his, her or its
control as a stockholder (including, without limitation, attendance at meetings
in person or by proxy for purposes of obtaining a quorum and execution of
written consents in lieu of meetings), to cause the Board to consist of no more
than eight members. For so long as the Investor or any of its Affiliates
beneficially own, in the aggregate, at least 50% of the aggregate outstanding
shares of (i) either the Series B Preferred Stock or the Series A Preferred
Stock, (ii) any capital stock issued upon conversion of either the Series B
Preferred Stock or the Series A Preferred Stock (including, in each case, any
capital stock issued by way of stock dividend with respect to such stock) or
(iii) any capital stock issued with respect to either the Series B Preferred
Stock or the Series A Preferred Stock by way of stock split or in connection
with a recapitalization, merger, consolidation or other reorganization, the
Investor shall have the right to designate up to two Nominees to serve on the
Board. For so long as the Investor or any of its Affiliates beneficially own, in
the aggregate, less than 50%, but at least 33% of (i) either the Series B
Preferred Stock or the Series A Preferred Stock, (ii) any capital stock issued
upon conversion of either the Series B Preferred Stock or the Series A Preferred
Stock (including, in each case, any capital stock issued by way of stock
dividend with respect to such stock) or (iii) any capital stock issued with
respect to either the Series B Preferred Stock or the Series A Preferred Stock
by way of stock split or in connection with a recapitalization, merger,
consolidation or other reorganization, the Investor shall have the right to
designate one Nominee to serve on the Board; provided, that, any waiver or
failure by the Investor to designate any Nominee to which it is entitled
hereunder shall not be deemed a waiver of the Investor's rights hereunder in
connection with any future elections of directors to the Board.
(b) AdStar shall take (and cause to be taken) all actions and agrees
to exercise all authority under applicable law to cause any slate of directors
presented to stockholders of AdStar for election to the Board to include the
Nominee(s). In this regard, AdStar shall, subject to applicable law and the
listing requirements of any stock exchange or interdealer quotation
-3-
system, if and to the extent AdStar is subject thereto (the "Listing Rules"),
duly nominate the Nominee(s) for election to the Board and shall solicit proxies
in favor of the election of the Nominee(s) from the stockholders of AdStar
entitled to vote for the election of directors. In connection therewith and in
furtherance thereof, AdStar shall include in any proxy solicitation materials
related to the election of members of the Board such information regarding the
Nominee(s) and recommendations of the Board as are appropriate in proxy
solicitation materials or as may be required under the rules and regulations
promulgated by the SEC.
(c) If the Investor requests that any Nominee be elected to the
Board prior to any election of directors by stockholders, then the existing
directors on the Board shall promptly (and in any event within three (3)
business days of such request) (x) increase the size of the Board, if necessary
and (y) appoint such Nominee or Nominees to the Board. To the extent the
foregoing is not accomplished within the prescribed time period, then the
Company shall be deemed to be in breach of this Agreement.
(d) So long as the Investor is entitled to designate a Nominee, if
at any time no such Nominee is serving as a director on the Board, then, at the
request of the Investor, AdStar shall promptly invite (or cause to be invited) a
Nominee, to attend all meetings of the Board, and, unless otherwise prohibited
by applicable law or the Listing Rules, any meetings of the Compensation
Committee of the Board in a nonvoting observer capacity (an "Observer") and, in
this respect, shall give (or cause to be given) to the Observer copies of all
notices, minutes, consents, and other material that AdStar provides to its
directors, provided, however, that AdStar shall have the right to exclude the
Observer from access to any material or meeting or portion thereof if the Board,
based on the advice of its attorneys, believes that such exclusion is reasonably
necessary to preserve the attorney-client privilege, to protect confidential
proprietary information or to avoid a conflict of interest or potential conflict
of interest.
3. Removal and Replacement. Following the election of a Nominee to
the Board, such Nominee shall not be removed from the Board except for cause
under applicable law. Upon the removal for cause or the resignation, death or
disability of a Nominee serving as a director of the Board, the Investor shall
have the right to designate a replacement Nominee and either the remaining
directors on the Board shall promptly (and in any event within ten business
days) appoint such replacement Nominee to fill the vacancy on the Board or, if
the remaining directors fail to appoint such replacement Nominee to fill such
vacancy, then AdStar shall duly nominate such replacement Nominee for election
to the Board pursuant to Section 2(b), and, if requested by the Investor,
promptly call (or cause to be called) and hold a special meeting of AdStar's
stockholders for the purpose of voting on such replacement Nominee.
4. Compensation Committee. Unless otherwise prohibited by applicable
law or the Listing Rules, the composition of Compensation Committee of the Board
shall include the Nominees immediately following their election to the Board.
5. Stockholder Voting Agreement. From and after the date of this
Agreement and until it is terminated in accordance with the terms hereof, each
of the Stockholders shall vote all of his, her or its shares and any other
voting securities of AdStar (whether now owned or hereafter acquired) over which
such Stockholder has voting control and shall take all other necessary or
desirable actions within its control including, without limitation,
-4-
attendance at meetings in person or by proxy for purposes of obtaining a quorum
and execution of written consents in lieu of meetings), so that the Nominee(s)
be elected to the Board. Each of the Stockholders agrees that this Agreement and
the obligations hereunder shall attach to his, her or its shares and shall be
binding upon any person or entity to which legal or beneficial ownership of any
or all of his, her or its shares shall pass, whether by operation of law or
otherwise, including, without limitation, the successors and assigns of each
Stockholder.
6. Stockholder Transfer Restrictions. Each Stockholder shall not
Transfer more than ten percent (10%) of his or her Common Stock Beneficially
Owned by such Stockholder as of the date hereof (as set forth on Schedule 1
hereto), prior to December 31, 2002, without the Investor's prior written
approval.
7. Expenses. In lieu of any other compensation, AdStar shall pay the
reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Nominee(s) (including any
serving as an Observer) in connection with attending any meeting of the Board,
or any committee of the Board and other travel expenses reasonably incurred in
discharging such individual's duties as a director or Observer.
8. Representations and Warranties of AdStar. AdStar represents and
warrants to the Stockholders and the Investor as follows: (i) it has full power
and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this
Agreement and (ii) this Agreement and all actions to be undertaken by AdStar
contemplated hereby have been, or will be when taken, duly and validly
authorized by all necessary action on its part and constitutes a legal, valid
and binding obligation enforceable against AdStar in accordance with its terms,
except as may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium and other similar laws of general application that may affect the
enforcement of creditors' rights generally and by general equitable principles.
9. Representations and Warranties of the Investor. The Investor
represents and warrants to AdStar and the Stockholders as follows: (i) the
Investor has full power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its
obligations under this Agreement and (ii) this Agreement and all actions to be
undertaken by the Investor contemplated hereby have been, or will be when taken,
duly and validly authorized by all necessary action on the Investor's part and
constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation enforceable against the
Investor in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of
general application that may affect the enforcement of creditors' rights
generally and by general equitable principles.
10. Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Stockholders.
Each of the Stockholders represents and warrants to AdStar and the Investor that
(i) this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by such
Stockholder and constitutes the valid and binding obligation of such
Stockholder, enforceable in accordance with its terms; (ii) such Stockholder has
not granted and is not a party to any proxy, voting trust or other agreement
which is inconsistent with, conflicts with or violates any provision of this
Agreement; and (iii) such Stockholder Beneficially Owns the number of shares of
Common Stock set forth opposite its name on Schedule 1 attached hereto. No
Stockholder shall grant any proxy or become party
-5-
to any voting trust or other agreement that is inconsistent with, conflicts with
or violates any provision of this Agreement.
11. Termination. This Agreement shall terminate automatically and be
of no further force and effect upon the earlier of: (a) the agreement of AdStar
and the Investor to terminate this Agreement or (b) such time as the Investor
and its Affiliates beneficially own, in the aggregate, less than 33% of (i) each
of the Series B Preferred Stock and the Series A Preferred Stock, (ii) any
capital stock issued upon conversion of each of the Series B Preferred Stock and
the Series A Preferred Stock (including, in each case, any capital stock issued
by way of stock dividend with respect to such stock) or (iii) any capital stock
issued with respect to each of the Series B Preferred Stock and the Series A
Preferred Stock by way of stock split or in connection with a recapitalization,
merger, consolidation or other reorganization.
12. Amendment and Waiver. This Agreement may be amended only by a
writing signed by AdStar, each of the Stockholders and the Investor. Any
provision of this Agreement may be waived by a writing signed by the party
granting such waiver.
13. Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this
Agreement will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under
applicable law and in such a way as to, as closely as possible, achieve the
intended economic effect of such provision and this Agreement as a whole, but if
any provision contained herein is, for any reason, held to be invalid, illegal
or unenforceable in any respect, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent, but only to the extent, of such invalidity, illegality or
unenforceability without invalidating the remainder of such provision or any
other provisions hereof, unless such a construction would be unreasonable.
14. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with the Series A
Purchase Agreement, the Series B Purchase Agreement and all agreements
contemplated thereby, constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto
with respect to the subject matter contained herein, and supersedes all prior
agreements, negotiations, discussions and understandings among the parties
hereto with respect to such subject matter.
15. Descriptive Headings. The descriptive headings of this Agreement
are inserted for convenience only and do not constitute a part of this
Agreement.
16. Successors and Assigns. Except as otherwise provided herein,
this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by
AdStar and its successors and permitted assigns, the Stockholders and their
permitted assigns, and the Investor and its successors and permitted assigns.
None of AdStar, the Stockholders, or the Investor may assign, directly or
indirectly, this Agreement to any Person (other than, in the case of the
Investor, an Affiliate of the Investor) without the prior consent of the other
parties hereto.
17. Remedies. The Investor shall be entitled to enforce any rights
it has under this Agreement or the Transaction Documents specifically (without
posting a bond or other security), to recover damages by reason of any breach of
any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights granted by law.
-6-
18. Governing Law. The laws of Delaware shall govern all issues
concerning the relative rights of AdStar, the Stockholders and the Investor and
all other questions concerning the construction, validity and interpretation of
this Agreement, without giving effect to any choice of law or other conflict of
law provision or rule (whether of the State of Delaware or any other
jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction
other than the State of Delaware.
19. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts (including via facsimile), each of which will be considered an
original instrument, but all of which together will be considered one and the
same agreement, and will become binding when one or more counterparts have been
signed by and delivered to each of the Parties.
20. Delivery by Facsimile. This Agreement, to the extent signed and
delivered by means of a facsimile machine, shall be treated in all manner and
respects as an original agreement or instrument and shall be considered to have
the same binding legal effect as if it were the original signed version thereof
delivered in person. At the request of any party, each other party shall
reexecute original forms thereof and deliver them to all other parties. No party
shall raise the use of a facsimile machine to deliver a signature or the fact
that any signature or agreement or instrument was transmitted or communicated
through the use of a facsimile machine as a defense to the formation or
enforceability of a contract and each such party forever waives any such
defense.
* * * * *
-7-
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Governance
Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
ADSTAR, INC.
By: /s/ Leslie Bernhard
------------------------------------------
Name: Leslie Bernhard
Its: President and Chief Executive Officer
LESLIE BERNHARD
By: /s/ Leslie Bernhard
------------------------------------------
Leslie Bernhard
ELI ROUSSO
By: /s/ Eli Rousso
------------------------------------------
Eli Rousso
TRIBUNE COMPANY
By: /s/ Timothy Landon
------------------------------------------
Name: Timothy Landon
Its: President/Tribune Classifieds
Signature Page to Governance Agreement