UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___ to ___
Commission file number 001-14790
Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 36-4249478
(State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
680 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (312) 751-8000
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
- ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share New York Stock Exchange
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as
defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [ ] No [X]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [ ] No [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See
definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller
reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer [ ] Accelerated filer [X] Non-accelerated filer [ ]
Smaller reporting company [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [ ] No [X]
The aggregate market value of Class A Common Stock held by nonaffiliates on June
30, 2007 (based upon the closing sale price on the New York Stock Exchange) was
$16,360,742. The aggregate market value of Class B Common Stock held by
nonaffiliates on June 30, 2007 (based upon the closing sale price on the New
York Stock Exchange) was $230,115,212.
At February 29, 2008, there were 4,864,102 shares of Class A Common Stock and
28,407,816 shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain information required for Part II. Item 5 and Part III. Items 10-14 of
this report is incorporated herein by reference to the Notice of Annual Meeting
of Stockholders and Proxy Statement (to be filed) relating to the Annual Meeting
of Stockholders to be held in May 2008.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains "forward-looking statements,"
including statements in Part I. Item 1. "Business," Part I. Item 1A. "Risk
Factors" and Part II. Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations," among other places, as to expectations,
beliefs, plans, objectives and future financial performance, and assumptions
underlying or concerning the foregoing. We use words such as "may," "will,"
"would," "could," "should," "believes," "estimates," "projects," "potential,"
"expects," "plans," "anticipates," "intends," "continues" and other similar
terminology. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks,
uncertainties and other factors, which could cause our actual results,
performance or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in
the forward-looking statements. We want to caution you not to place undue
reliance on any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to
publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new
information, future events or otherwise.
The following are some of the important factors that could cause our
actual results, performance or outcomes to differ materially from those
discussed in the forward-looking statements:
(1) Foreign, national, state and local government regulations, actions or
initiatives, including:
(a) attempts to limit or otherwise regulate the sale, distribution
or transmission of adult-oriented materials, including print,
television, video, Internet and wireless materials;
(b) limitations on the advertisement of tobacco, alcohol and other
products which are important sources of advertising revenue
for us; or
(c) substantive changes in postal regulations which could increase
our postage and distribution costs;
(2) Risks associated with our foreign operations, including market acceptance
and demand for our products and the products of our licensees and
partners;
(3) Our ability to manage the risk associated with our exposure to foreign
currency exchange rate fluctuations;
(4) Changes in general economic conditions, consumer spending habits, viewing
patterns, fashion trends or the retail sales environment which, in each
case, could reduce demand for our programming and products and impact our
advertising revenues;
(5) Our ability to protect our trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual
property;
(6) Risks as a distributor of media content, including our becoming subject to
claims for defamation, invasion of privacy, negligence, copyright, patent
or trademark infringement and other claims based on the nature and content
of the materials we distribute;
(7) The risk our outstanding litigation could result in settlements or
judgments which are material to us;
(8) Dilution from any potential issuance of common stock or convertible debt
in connection with financings or acquisition activities;
(9) Competition for advertisers from other publications, media or online
providers or any decrease in spending by advertisers, either generally or
with respect to the adult male market;
(10) Competition in the television, men's magazine, Internet, wireless, new
electronic media and product licensing markets;
(11) Attempts by consumers, distributors, merchants or private advocacy groups
to exclude our programming or other products from distribution;
(12) Our television, Internet and wireless businesses' reliance on third
parties for technology and distribution, and any changes in that
technology and/or unforeseen delays in implementation which might affect
our plans and assumptions;
(13) Risks associated with losing access to transponders or technical failure
of transponders or other transmitting or playback equipment that is beyond
our control and competition for channel space on linear television
platforms or video-on-demand platforms;
(14) Failure to maintain our agreements with multiple system operators, or
MSOs, and direct-to-home, or DTH, operators on favorable terms, as well as
any decline in our access to, and acceptance by, DTH and/or cable systems
and the possible resulting deterioration in the terms, cancellation of fee
arrangements, pressure on splits or adverse changes in certain minimum
revenue amounts with operators of these systems;
(15) Risks that we may not realize the expected increased sales and profits and
other benefits from acquisitions;
(16) Any charges or costs we incur in connection with restructuring measures we
may take in the future;
(17) Risks associated with the financial condition of Claxson Interactive
Group, Inc., our Playboy TV-Latin America, LLC, joint venture partner;
(18) Increases in paper, printing or postage costs;
(19) Effects of the national consolidation of the single-copy magazine
distribution system and risks associated with the financial stability of
major magazine wholesalers;
(20) Effects of the national consolidation of television distribution companies
(e.g., cable MSOs, satellite
2
platforms and telecommunications companies); and
(21) Risks associated with the viability of our subscription, on-demand,
e-commerce and ad-supported Internet models.
For a detailed discussion of these and other factors that might affect our
performance, see Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
3
PLAYBOY ENTERPRISES, INC.
2007 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
PART I
Item 1. Business 5
Item 1A. Risk Factors 14
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 21
Item 2. Properties 22
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 23
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 24
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder
Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 25
Item 6. Selected Financial Data 26
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations 28
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 41
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 41
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure 68
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 68
Item 9B. Other Information 70
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 71
Item 11. Executive Compensation 71
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management and Related Stockholder Matters 71
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director
Independence 71
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 71
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 72
4
PART I
Item 1. Business
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Playboy Enterprises, Inc., together with its subsidiaries and
predecessors, is referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K by terms such as
"we," "us," "our," "Playboy" and the "Company," unless the context requires
otherwise. We were organized in 1953 to publish Playboy magazine and are now a
brand-driven, international multimedia entertainment and lifestyle company. The
Playboy brand is one of the most widely recognized and popular brands in the
world. The strength of our brand drives the financial performance of our media
and merchandising businesses. Our programming and content is available worldwide
on television and online via a network of websites. Playboy magazine is the
best-selling monthly men's magazine in the world based on the combined
circulation of the U.S. and international editions. Our licensing business
leverages the Playboy name, the Rabbit Head Design and our other trademarks
globally on a variety of consumer products, third-party owned and operated
Playboy-branded retail stores and multifaceted location-based entertainment
venues.
Our businesses are organized into the following three reportable segments:
Entertainment, Publishing and Licensing. Net revenues, income before income
taxes, depreciation and amortization and identifiable assets of each reportable
segment are set forth in Note (Q), Segment Information, to the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our trademarks, copyrights and domain names are critical to the success
and potential growth of all of our businesses. Our trademarks, which are
renewable periodically and which can be renewed indefinitely, include Playboy,
the Rabbit Head Design, Playmate and Spice.
ENTERTAINMENT GROUP
Our Entertainment Group operations include the production and marketing of
television programming for our domestic and international TV businesses,
web-based entertainment experiences, wireless content distribution, e-commerce,
DVD products and satellite radio under the Playboy, Spice and other brand names.
In 2006, we acquired Club Jenna, Inc. and related companies, or Club Jenna, a
multimedia adult entertainment business. Club Jenna adds a premier brand to our
businesses with assets that include successful film production, DVD, online and
mobile businesses as well as a library of content.
Programming
Our Entertainment Group develops, produces, acquires and distributes a
wide range of high-quality lifestyle adult television programming for our
domestic and international TV networks, pay-per-view, or PPV, subscription
pay-per-month, or PPM, video-on-demand, or VOD, subscription video-on-demand, or
SVOD, subscription package, or Tier, and worldwide DVD products. Our proprietary
productions include magazine-format shows, reality-based and dramatic series,
documentaries, live events and celebrity and Playmate programs. Our programming
is featured in a variety of formats, enabling us to leverage our programming
costs over multiple distribution platforms. We have produced a number of shows
that air on the domestic and international Playboy TV networks and are
distributed internationally in countries where we do not have networks.
Additionally, some of our programming is released as DVD titles and some has
been licensed to other networks, such as HBO and Showtime. Our original series
programming includes Naked Happy Girls, Naughty Amateur Home Videos, 69 Sexy
Things to Do Before You Die and Around the World in 80 Babes. Additionally, we
co-produce shows and series to air on third-party networks, including The Girls
Next Door on E! Entertainment Television.
We invest in the creation and acquisition of high-quality, adult-oriented
programming to support our worldwide entertainment businesses. We invested $34.6
million, $38.5 million and $33.1 million in entertainment programming in 2007,
2006 and 2005, respectively. These amounts, which also include expenditures for
licensed programming, resulted in the domestic production of 276, 207 and 129
hours of original programming for Playboy TV in 2007, 2006 and 2005,
respectively. At December 31, 2007, our domestic library of primarily exclusive,
Playboy-branded original programming totaled approximately 3,300 hours. In
addition to investing in original productions, we also acquire high-quality
adult movies in various editing standards. A majority of the programming that
airs on our Spice Digital Networks is licensed, on an exclusive basis, from
third parties. We will continue to both produce and acquire original programming
with a heavier emphasis on producing and delivering content for multiple
electronic delivery platforms, including both long- and short-form programming.
5
In addition to utilizing some of the programming we produce for our
websites and for licensing to wireless providers, we invested $5.6 million, $5.0
million and $2.2 million in content specifically for online and wireless
initiatives in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Our programming is delivered to direct-to-home, or DTH, and cable
operators through satellite transponders and through outside content processors.
We currently have four transponder service agreements related to our domestic
networks, the terms of which extend through 2008, 2013, 2013 and 2014. We also
have two international transponder service agreements, the terms of which extend
through 2009. In connection with the potential sale of assets related to our Los
Angeles production facility, we expect to transfer the four transponder service
agreements related to our domestic networks to the purchaser of the assets.
Following such transfer, we will lease access to these transponders from the
purchaser. See Note (T), Subsequent Events, to the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements for additional information.
Domestic TV
We currently operate several domestic TV networks, including Playboy TV,
Playboy TV en Espanol and the Spice Digital Networks.
Our flagship service is Playboy TV, with a programming mix that includes a
variety of originally produced and exclusively licensed content.
Playboy TV en Espanol is a Spanish language network similar to Playboy TV.
It shares some content with the domestic Playboy TV network and also includes
locally produced, proprietary Spanish-language and other original
Spanish-language content.
Spice Digital Networks feature adult movies under exclusive licenses from
leading adult studios and from our Club Jenna and other original productions.
These adult-oriented networks offer a distinct thematic focus and are available
in a variety of editing standards.
Our domestic TV content is distributed primarily through cable, e.g.,
Comcast and Time Warner Cable; DTH, e.g., DirecTV and EchoStar; and telephone
companies, or Telcos, e.g., Verizon and AT&T, which distribute television via
phone and/or fiber optic lines. Each of the distributors controls the packaging
and pricing to consumers.
The following table sets forth our domestic and Canadian networks and
distribution options:
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Network Domestic DTH Domestic Cable Domestic Telcos Canadian DTH
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Playboy TV PPV/PPM PPV/PPM/VOD/ PPM/SVOD PPM
SVOD
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Playboy TV en Espanol Tier PPV/PPM/Tier PPM PPM
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Spice Digital Networks PPV PPV/VOD VOD --
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Our TV networks are available either as linear channels or as part of a
VOD service. Our linear channels, offered on cable, DTH and Telco platforms, are
television networks with regularly scheduled content distributed through a
single network feed to all homes at the same time. VOD and SVOD, which are
available on cable and Telco platforms, makes content available to the consumer
through a television interface at any time the consumer chooses to view it. This
is done by storing a selection of content on a server at the local cable system,
which consumers may access by using their remote control devices at any time and
for a specified time. Consumers then view the content in a DVD-like manner,
i.e., they may pause, fast forward, rewind, stop and resume viewing at a later
time.
In recent years, cable operators have shifted from analog to digital
technology, moving away from linear PPV to VOD. Digital technology allows for
the compression of signals so that several channels fit into the same bandwidth
previously consumed by a single analog channel. Accordingly, digital is a more
efficient technology for all platforms, and DVD functionality is only possible
in a digital environment. We transmit exclusively in digital, and the vast
majority of delivery to consumers is via digital technology.
6
Playboy TV is the only adult television network available on all major DTH
services in both the United States and Canada.
As VOD supplants traditional linear networks, we are seeking to establish
a leading position in this new phase of technology by leveraging the power of
our brands, our large library of original programming and our relationships with
leading adult studios, while at the same time recognizing that we are operating
in a far more fragmented and competitive marketplace with lower costs of entry.
Our revenues generally reflect our contractual percentage of the retail
price received by the system operators.
Channel space for our networks is determined at each distributor's
corporate level as part of our distributor negotiations; however, in some cases,
we negotiate terms at the corporate level with distribution at the system level.
Our agreements with cable and DTH operators are renewed or renegotiated
from time to time in the ordinary course of business. In some cases, following
the expiration of an agreement, the respective operator and we agree to continue
to operate under the terms of the expired agreement until a new agreement is
negotiated. In any event, our agreements with distributors generally may be
terminated on short notice without penalty.
International TV
We currently own and operate or license Playboy-, Spice- and
locally-branded TV networks in the United Kingdom, which are further distributed
through DTH and cable throughout greater Europe. Additionally, we have networks
in Australia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Israel, New Zealand, South Korea and
Turkey. Also, through joint ventures, we have minority equity interests in
networks in Latin America, Iberia and Japan. These international networks, which
are generally available on both a PPV and PPM basis, principally carry
U.S.-originated content, which is subtitled or dubbed and complemented by local
content. We also license individual programs from our extensive library to
broadcasters internationally.
We own a 19.0% interest in Playboy TV-Latin America, LLC, or PTVLA, a
joint venture with Claxson Interactive Group, Inc., or Claxson, which operates
Playboy TV networks in Latin America and Iberia, as well as a local adult
service called Venus. In the third quarter of 2007, PTVLA launched Lifestyle TV,
a male targeted, ad-supported basic cable channel with a mix of locally produced
and acquired content with no nudity. In these markets, PTVLA has the exclusive
right to use content from the Playboy library. In the fourth quarter of 2007,
PTVLA reached an agreement with Turner Broadcasting System Latin America, Inc.,
or Turner, to exclusively distribute all PTVLA owned and operated services and
to sell advertising on Lifestyle TV. Turner bundles PTVLA channels with their
existing services, including Cartoon Network, CNN and TNT. PTVLA pays Turner a
distribution fee.
In the third quarter of 2007, PTVLA entered into a new joint venture with
Globomedia S.A., or GLOBO, to own and operate adult services in Brazil. PTVLA
owns a 40% interest in the joint venture and GLOBO owns 60%. Channels included
in the joint venture are PTVLA-owned Playboy TV and Venus as well as GLOBO-owned
Sexy Hot. Both companies have gay-themed channels that will be combined using
GLOBO's For Men brand. In addition, PTVLA has contributed non-branded adult
content for use in DVD distribution and online and mobile markets in Brazil.
While Claxson has management control, we have significant management
influence on our joint venture. We provide both programming and the use of our
trademarks directly to PTVLA in return for 17.5% of the venture's net revenues
with a guaranteed annual minimum. The term of the program supply and trademark
agreement for PTVLA expires in 2022, unless terminated earlier in accordance
with the terms of the agreement. PTVLA provides the feed for Playboy TV en
Espanol and we pay PTVLA a 20% distribution fee for that feed based on the
network's net revenues in the U.S.
We have an option to purchase up to an additional 30.9% of PTVLA at fair
market value through December 23, 2022. In addition, we have the option to
purchase the remaining 50.1% of PTVLA at fair market value, exercisable at any
time during the period beginning December 23, 2012, and ending December 23,
2022, so long as we have previously or concurrently exercised the initial 49.9%
buy-up option. We have the option to pay the purchase price for the 49.9% buy-up
option in cash, shares of our Class B common stock, or Class B stock, or a
combination of both. However, if we exercise both options concurrently, we must
use cash to acquire the 80.1% of PTVLA that we do not own.
7
We also hold a 19.9% ownership interest in Playboy Channel Japan, which
includes Playboy Channel and Channel Ruby, a local adult service.
We seek the most appropriate and profitable manner in which to build on
the powerful Playboy and Spice brands in each international market. In addition,
we seek to generate synergies among our networks by combining operations where
practicable, through innovative programming and scheduling, through joint
programming acquisitions and by coordinating and sharing marketing activities
and materials efficiently throughout the territories in which our programming is
aired. We also look to develop and establish relationships with international
production companies on a local level in order to create original international
product for distribution to our various owned and licensed networks.
We believe we can continue growing our international television business
by expanding the distribution reach of existing networks; launching and
operating additional networks in existing and new markets; and increasing
subscription penetration and buy rates with new programming and scheduling
tactics as well as targeted marketing activities. In addition, we expect that
the roll out of digital technology in addressable households in our existing
international markets will favor growth.
Online/Mobile
We operate various subscription-based websites, or clubs, as well as free
and e-commerce websites under our Playboy and other brands.
Our largest club, Playboy Cyber Club, offers access to over 100,000 photos
and videos and offers members the ability to see Playmates, an assortment of
celebrity content and special "online only" features, including our franchises
of "Cyber Girls" and "Coeds" and an extensive archive of Playboy magazine
interviews. The other Playboy-branded clubs include broadband video-specific
membership clubs, solely offering high-quality video, and a thematic pictorial
and video club navigable by niche.
We offer two online VOD theaters under the Playboy and Spice brands that
provide consumers the option to view video content on a pay-per-minute basis, to
download entire movies for viewing on their computers and/or to burn movies to
DVD.
We also offer sites branded under the Spice and Club Jenna names,
including ClubJenna.com, as well as niche, reality-based sites produced,
marketed and promoted via our large affiliate network of websites. We continue
to add new niche sites as changes in the market warrant. In 2006, we also
introduced a first-of-its-kind adult SVOD website, Adult.com, which offers users
the ability to pay a recurring subscription fee to stream, download or burn to
DVD any video in the entire library.
Our Playboy-branded e-commerce websites, PlayboyStore.com and
ShopTheBunny.com, combined with their respective Playboy and BUNNYshop Catalogs,
offer customers the ability to purchase Playboy-branded fashions, calendars,
DVDs, jewelry, collectibles, back issues of Playboy magazine and special
editions, as well as select non-Playboy-branded products. In early 2008, we
entered into a contract to outsource the Playboy and BUNNYshop businesses to a
third party. We anticipate that by the second quarter of 2008, we will no longer
be operating these businesses although we retain significant creative control.
In late 2006, we also outsourced the operation of our Spice-branded e-commerce
website, SpiceTVStore.com, and the Spice Catalog to a third party.
We launched a site-wide redesign of Playboy.com in late 2006. The new
Playboy.com website offers more original content leveraging Playboy magazine's
editorial assets and providing more opportunities to increase online advertising
sales. Additionally, the free area of the website is designed with a goal of
converting visitors to purchasers by directing them to our subscription sites.
We also distribute our branded content internationally via the Internet
and wireless platforms. We have significant traffic from international users on
our owned and operated websites, Playboy.com and Playboy.co.uk, that results in
customers for our other products and services. Additionally, we have websites in
approximately 20 countries, some of which were created in conjunction with our
international magazine partners, that feature a blend of original, local-edition
Playboy magazine and U.S. and U.K. websites' content. We also have licensees
that distribute our content on the wireless platform in many countries. Demand
for wireless content is increasing as technology and consumer adoption continue
to grow. Our current offerings include graphical images, video clips,
8
mobile television, ringtones and games. We also create integrated cross-platform
mobile marketing and promotions to leverage opportunities across our businesses.
Other Businesses
We distribute some of our proprietary content domestically in DVD format.
We also distribute non-Playboy-branded movies and adult DVDs, including titles
under the Club Jenna brand, and re-package and re-market our catalog of
previously released DVD titles. These DVDs are sold worldwide via distributors
to video and music stores, other retail outlets, catalogs and e-commerce sites.
Playboy Radio is a 24-hour Playboy-branded radio channel available on
SIRIUS Satellite Radio. The channel features new and exclusive content and
leverages our entertainment assets by expanding the Playboy brand on the
satellite radio platform.
Alta Loma Entertainment functions as a production company. It leverages
our assets, including editorial material and the Playboy brand, as well as icons
such as the Playmates, the Playboy Mansion and Hugh M. Hefner, our
Editor-In-Chief and Chief Creative Officer, or Mr. Hefner, to develop and
co-produce original programming, such as the top-rated The Girls Next Door on E!
Entertainment Television.
Competition
Competition among television programming providers is intense for both
channel space and viewer spending. Our competition varies in both the type and
quality of programming offered, but consists primarily of other premium pay
services, such as general-interest premium channels and other adult movie pay
services. We compete with the other pay services as we (a) attempt to obtain or
renew carriage with DTH operators and individual cable affiliates, (b) negotiate
fee arrangements with these operators, (c) negotiate for VOD and SVOD rights and
(d) market our programming to consumers through these operators. Over the past
several years, all of the competitive factors described above have adversely
impacted us, as has consolidation in the DTH and cable systems industries, which
has resulted in fewer, but larger, operators. The availability of, and price
pressure from, more explicit content on the Internet and more pay television
options, both mainstream and adult, also present a significant competitive
challenge. We believe the impact on our movie networks is greater than the
impact on Playboy TV due to the strong brand recognition of Playboy, the quality
of our original programming and our ability to appeal to a broad range of adult
audiences.
As a result of VOD's lower cost of entry for programmers compared to
linear networks and capacity constraints disappearing, the market has become
significantly more competitive as we have less shelf space. We encourage
distributors to increase the dollars they spend marketing the full range of
Playboy PPV, VOD, SVOD and PPM to consumers with particular emphasis on the
value of PPM. Our strategy with respect to Spice is to maintain VOD shelf space
while reducing costs.
We also face competition in international markets from both the
availability and prevalence of explicit adult content on free television,
specifically in Europe, as well as competitive pay services. As in the U.S.,
there are often low costs of entry, which yield increasing competition,
especially from companies in Asia and parts of Europe providing local content as
opposed to dubbed U.S. programming.
The Internet is highly competitive, and we continue to compete for
visitors, subscribers, shoppers and advertisers. We believe that the primary
competitive factors affecting our Internet operations include brand recognition,
the quality of our content and products, technology, including the number of
broadband homes, pricing, ease of use, sales and marketing efforts and consumer
demographics. We have the advantage of being able to leverage the power of our
Playboy and other brands across multiple media platforms.
PUBLISHING GROUP
Our Publishing Group operations include the publication of Playboy
magazine, special editions and other domestic publishing businesses, including
books and calendars, and the licensing of international editions of Playboy
magazine.
9
Domestic Magazine
Founded by Mr. Hefner in 1953, Playboy magazine plays a key role in
driving the continued popularity and recognition of the Playboy brand. Playboy
magazine is the best-selling monthly men's magazine in the world based on the
combined circulation of the U.S. and international editions. Circulation of the
U.S. edition was approximately 2.8 million copies monthly in 2007, while the
combined average circulation of the 24 licensed international editions was
approximately 1.0 million copies monthly in 2007. According to fall 2007 data
published by the independent market research firm of Mediamark Research, Inc.,
or MRI, approximately one in every eight men in the United States aged 18 to 34
reads the U.S. edition of Playboy magazine.
Playboy magazine is a general-interest magazine, targeted to men, with a
reputation for excellence founded on its high-quality photography,
entertainment, humor, cartoons and articles on current issues, interests and
trends. Playboy magazine consistently includes in-depth, candid interviews with
high-profile political, business, entertainment and sports figures, pictorials
of famous women and content by leading authors, including the following:
Interviews Pictorials Leading Authors
------------------ ----------------- -----------------
Halle Berry Pamela Anderson Jimmy Breslin
Michael Brown Drew Barrymore Ethan Coen
George Clooney Cindy Crawford Denis Johnson
Al Franken Carmen Electra Stephen King
Bill Gates Rachel Hunter Norman Mailer
Arianna Huffington Kim Kardashian Jay McInerney
Derek Jeter Elle Macpherson Walter Mosley
Nicole Kidman Cindy Margolis Joyce Carol Oates
Jack Nicholson Jenny McCarthy Jane Smiley
Bill Richardson Denise Richards Scott Turow
Donald Trump Anna Nicole Smith John Updike
Kanye West Katarina Witt Kurt Vonnegut
Playboy magazine has long been known for publishing the work of top
photographers, writers and artists. Playboy magazine also features lifestyle
articles on consumer electronics and other products, fashion and automobiles and
covers the worlds of sports and entertainment.
According to the independent audit agency Audit Bureau of Circulations, or
ABC, for the six months ended December 31, 2007, Playboy magazine was the 15th
highest-ranking U.S. consumer publication in terms of circulation rate base (the
total newsstand and subscription circulation guaranteed to advertisers). Playboy
magazine's circulation rate base for the same period was greater than each of
Maxim, GQ and Esquire. To better reflect changes in how and where media is
consumed and in response to the challenging magazine landscape, we adjusted our
magazine circulation rate base effective with the January 2008 issue to 2.6
million from 3.0 million.
Playboy magazine has historically generated approximately two-thirds of
its revenues from subscription and newsstand circulation, with the remainder
primarily from advertising. Subscription copies represent approximately 92% of
total copies sold. Managing Playboy magazine's circulation to be primarily
subscription driven provides a relatively stable and desirable circulation base,
which we believe is attractive to advertisers. According to MRI, the median age
of male Playboy magazine readers is 33, with a median annual household income of
approximately $54,000, a demographic that we believe is also attractive to
advertisers. We also derive revenues from the rental of Playboy magazine's
subscriber list.
We attract new subscribers to Playboy magazine through our own direct mail
advertising campaigns, subscription agent campaigns and the Internet, including
Playboy.com. Subscription copies of the magazine are delivered through the
United States Postal Service as periodical mail. We attempt to contain these
costs through presorting and other methods.
Playboy magazine is also available as a digital edition. Each month,
digital copies are delivered to subscribers via the Internet. Digital copies may
also be purchased on a single-issue basis.
10
Playboy magazine is one of the highest priced magazines in the U.S. The
basic U.S. newsstand cover price is $5.99 ($6.99 for the December 2007 and
January 2008 holiday issues). We generally increase the newsstand cover price by
$1.00 when there is a feature of special appeal. We price test from time to
time; however, no cover price increases are planned for 2008.
Playboy magazine targets a wide range of advertisers. The following table
sets forth advertising by category, as a percent of total advertising pages, and
the total number of advertising pages:
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
Category 12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Retail/Direct mail 29% 28% 27%
Beer/Wine/Liquor 28 21 22
Tobacco 13 13 10
Apparel/Footwear/Accessories 5 7 1
Electronic games 5 1 4
Home electronics 4 4 6
Automotive 3 4 6
Automotive accessories and equipment 3 4 3
Other 10 18 21
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 100% 100% 100%
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total advertising pages 460 429 479
===============================================================================
We continue to focus on securing new advertisers, including expanding
advertising in underserved categories. We publish the U.S. edition of Playboy
magazine in 15 advertising editions: one upper income zip-coded, eight regional,
two state and four metropolitan editions. All contain the same editorial
material but provide targeting opportunities for advertisers. We implemented 4%,
5% and 8% cost per thousand increases in advertising rates effective with the
January 2008, 2007 and 2006 issues, respectively.
Playboy magazine subscriptions are serviced by Communications Data
Services, Inc., or CDS. Pursuant to a subscription fulfillment agreement, CDS
performs a variety of services, including (a) processing orders or transactions,
(b) receiving, verifying, balancing and depositing payments from subscribers,
(c) printing forms and promotional materials, (d) maintaining master files on
all subscribers, (e) issuing bills and renewal notices to subscribers, (f)
generating labels, (g) resolving customer service complaints as directed by us
and (h) furnishing various reports that enable us to monitor and to account for
all aspects of the subscription operations. The term of the subscription
fulfillment agreement expires June 30, 2011. Either party may terminate the
agreement prior to expiration in the event of material nonperformance by, or
insolvency of, the other party. We pay CDS specified fees and charges based on
the types and amounts of service performed under the agreement. The fees and
charges increase annually based on the consumer price index to a maximum of 6%
in one year.
Domestic distribution of Playboy magazine and special editions to
newsstands and other retail outlets is accomplished through Time/Warner Retail
Sales and Marketing, or TWRSM. The copies are shipped in bulk to wholesalers,
who are responsible for local retail distribution. We receive a substantial cash
advance from TWRSM 30 days after the date each issue goes on sale. We recognize
revenues from newsstand sales based on estimated copy sales at the time each
issue goes on sale and adjust for actual sales upon settlement with TWRSM.
Revenue adjustments have not been material. Retailers return unsold copies to
wholesalers, who count and then shred the returned copies and report the returns
by affidavit. The number of copies sold on newsstands varies from month to
month, depending in part on consumer interest in the cover, the pictorials and
the editorial features. Our current agreement with TWRSM expires December 2008.
Playboy magazine and special editions are printed at Quad/Graphics, Inc.,
or Quad, at a single site located in Wisconsin, which ships the products to
subscribers and wholesalers. The print runs vary each month based on expected
sales and are determined with input from TWRSM. Paper is the principal raw
material used in the production of these publications. We use a variety of types
of high-quality coated and uncoated papers that are purchased from a number of
suppliers around the world.
Magazine publishing companies face intense competition for readers,
advertisers and retail shelf space. Magazines and Internet sites primarily aimed
at men are Playboy magazine's principal competitors. Other types of media that
carry advertising, particularly cable and broadcast television, also compete
with Playboy magazine for
11
advertising revenues. Levels of advertising revenues may be affected by, among
other things, competition for and spending by advertisers, general economic
activity and governmental regulation of advertising content, such as tobacco
products. However, since only approximately one-third of Playboy magazine's
revenues and less than 10% of our total revenues are from Playboy magazine
advertising, we are not overly dependent on this source of revenue.
International Magazine
We license the right to publish 24 international editions of Playboy
magazine to local partners in the following countries: Argentina, Brazil,
Bulgaria, Colombia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine and Venezuela.
Local publishing licensees tailor their international editions by mixing
the work of their national writers and artists with editorial and pictorial
content from the U.S. edition. We monitor the content of the international
editions so that they retain the distinctive style, look and quality of the U.S.
edition while meeting the needs of their respective markets. The license
agreements vary but, in general, are for terms of three to five years and carry
a guaranteed minimum royalty as well as a formula for computing earned royalties
in excess of the minimum. Royalty computations are based on both circulation and
advertising revenues. The German and Brazilian editions accounted for
approximately one-half of our total revenues from international editions in
2007, 2006 and 2005.
Special Editions and Other
We have created media extensions, such as special editions and calendars,
which are primarily sold in newsstand outlets. We published 25 special editions
in each of 2007, 2006 and 2005, and we expect to publish the same number in
2008. Effective with the issues on newsstands in July 2007, the U.S. newsstand
cover price was increased to $9.99 from $8.99. No cover price increases are
currently planned for 2008. We also license rights to third parties to publish
books for which we receive royalties.
LICENSING GROUP
Our Licensing Group operations include the licensing of consumer products
carrying one or more of our trademarks and/or images, third-party owned and
operated Playboy-branded retail stores, multifaceted location-based
entertainment venues and certain revenue-generating marketing activities.
We license the Playboy name, the Rabbit Head Design and other images,
trademarks and artwork for the worldwide manufacture, sale and distribution of a
multitude of consumer products. We work with our licensees to develop, market
and distribute high-quality Playboy-branded merchandise. Our licensed product
lines include men's and women's apparel, men's underwear and women's lingerie,
accessories, collectibles, cigars, watches, jewelry, fragrances, shoes, luggage,
bath and body products, small leather goods, stationery, music, eyewear,
barware, home fashions and slot machines. We continually seek to license our
brand name and images in new markets and retail categories, including the launch
in 2007 of PlayboyGaming.com, a Playboy-branded online casino and poker site.
The group also licenses art-related products based on our extensive art
collection, most of which was originally commissioned as illustrations for
Playboy magazine. Occasionally, we sell small portions of our art and
memorabilia collection through auction houses such as Christie's and Sotheby's.
Playboy-branded merchandise is marketed primarily through retail outlets,
including department and specialty stores, as well as through our and other
e-commerce websites and catalogs.
We also license Playboy concept stores, opening eight in the last three
years, with locations in Auckland, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, London,
Melbourne and two in Las Vegas. We expect licensees to open three additional
stores in 2008.
We have expanded our licensing activities to include multifaceted
location-based entertainment venues. Our first such venue located at the Palms
Casino Resort in Las Vegas opened in the fourth quarter of 2006. Our venture
partner provided the funding for all of the Playboy elements, which include a
30-foot tall Rabbit Head on the exterior of their new tower, a nightclub, a
boutique casino and lounge, a retail store and a sky villa hotel suite. We
contributed the Playboy brand and trademarks as well as marketing support. In
2007, we announced a joint venture with Macao Studio City for a Playboy-branded
entertainment destination in Macao, which will include nightlife and
entertainment options, dining, specialty retail elements and a Hugh M. Hefner
Villa. This venue is expected to open in late 2009.
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While our branded products are unique, the licensing business is intensely
competitive and is extremely sensitive to economic conditions, shifts in
consumer buying habits, fashion and lifestyle trends and changes in the global
retail sales environment.
Company-wide marketing events, which are operated at approximately
break-even, consist of the Playboy Jazz Festival and Playmate Promotions. We
have produced the Playboy Jazz Festival on an annual basis in Los Angeles at the
Hollywood Bowl since 1979 and continue our sponsorship of related community
events. Playmate Promotions represents the Playmates in advertising campaigns,
trade shows, endorsements, commercials, motion pictures, television and videos.
PROMOTIONAL AND OTHER ACTIVITIES
We believe that our sales of products and services are enhanced by public
recognition of the Playboy brand as symbolic of a lifestyle. In order to
establish public recognition, we, among other activities, purchased in 1971 the
Playboy Mansion in Los Angeles, California, where Mr. Hefner lives. The Playboy
Mansion is used for various corporate activities and serves as a valuable
location for television production, magazine photography and for online,
advertising, marketing and sales events. It also enhances our image, as we host
many charitable and civic functions. The Playboy Mansion generates substantial
publicity and recognition, which increases public awareness of us and our
products and services. As indicated in Part II. Item 7. "Management's Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Part III.
Item 13. "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions," Mr. Hefner pays us
rent for that portion of the Playboy Mansion used exclusively for his and his
personal guests' residence as well as for the per-unit value of non-business
meals, beverages and other benefits received by him and his personal guests. The
Playboy Mansion is included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31,
2007 and December 31, 2006, at a net book value of $1.4 million and $1.6
million, respectively, including all improvements and after accumulated
depreciation. We incur all operating expenses of the Playboy Mansion, including
depreciation and taxes, which were $2.8 million, $2.1 million and $3.1 million
for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, net of rent received from Mr. Hefner.
The Playboy Foundation provides financial support to many not-for-profit
organizations and projects throughout the country concerned with issues
historically of importance to Playboy magazine and its readers, including
anti-censorship efforts, civil rights, AIDS education, prevention and research,
reproductive freedom and social justice.
Our trademarks, copyrights and online domain names are critical to the
success and growth potential of all of our businesses. We actively protect and
defend them throughout the world and monitor the marketplace for counterfeit
products, including by initiating legal proceedings, when warranted, to prevent
their unauthorized use.
EMPLOYEES
We employed 789 and 782 full-time employees at February 29, 2008 and
February 28, 2007, respectively. No employees are represented by collective
bargaining agreements. We believe we maintain a satisfactory relationship with
our employees.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We make available free of charge on our website, PlayboyEnterprises.com,
our annual, quarterly and current reports, and, if applicable, amendments to
those reports, filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after we
electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission.
Also posted on our website are the charters of the Audit Committee and
Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors, our Code of Business Conduct
and our Corporate Governance Guidelines. Copies of these documents are available
free of charge by sending a request to Investor Relations, Playboy Enterprises,
Inc., 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
As required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the
certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are
filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, we submitted
to the New York Stock Exchange, or the Exchange, the required annual
certifications of our Chief Executive Officer relating to compliance by us with
the Exchange's corporate governance listing standards. Copies
13
of these certifications are available to stockholders free of charge by sending
a request to Investor Relations, Playboy Enterprises, Inc., 680 North Lake Shore
Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
- ---------------------
In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K, the following risk factors should be carefully considered in
evaluating our business and us.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights.
We believe that our trademarks, particularly the Playboy name and Rabbit
Head Design, and other proprietary rights are critical to our success, growth
potential and competitive position. Accordingly, we devote substantial resources
to the establishment and protection of our trademarks and other proprietary
rights. Our actions to establish and protect our trademarks and other
proprietary rights, however, may not prevent imitation of our products by others
or prevent others from claiming violations of their trademarks and proprietary
rights by us. Any infringement or related claims, even if not meritorious, may
be costly and time consuming to litigate, may distract management from other
tasks of operating the business and may result in the loss of significant
financial and managerial resources, which could harm our business, financial
condition or operating results. These concerns are particularly relevant with
regard to those international markets, such as China, in which it is especially
difficult to enforce intellectual property rights.
Failure to maintain our agreements with multiple system operators, or
MSOs, and DTH operators on favorable terms could adversely affect our business,
financial condition or results of operations.
We currently have agreements with all of the largest MSOs in the United
States. We also have agreements with the principal DTH operators in the United
States and Canada. Our agreements with these operators may be terminated on
short notice without penalty. If one or more MSOs or DTH operators terminate or
do not renew these agreements, or do not renew them on terms as favorable as
those of current agreements, our business, financial condition or results of
operations could be materially adversely affected.
In addition, competition among television programming providers is intense
for both channel space and viewer spending. Our competition varies in both the
type and quality of programming offered, but consists primarily of other premium
pay services, such as general-interest premium channels, and other adult movie
pay services. We compete with other pay services as we attempt to obtain or
renew carriage with DTH operators and individual cable affiliates, negotiate fee
arrangements with these operators, negotiate for VOD and SVOD rights and market
our programming through these operators to consumers. The competition with
programming providers has intensified as a result of consolidation in the DTH
and cable systems industries, which has resulted in fewer, but larger,
operators. Competition has also intensified with VOD's lower cost of entry for
programmers compared to linear networks and with capacity constraints
disappearing. The impact of industry consolidation, any decline in our access
to, and acceptance by, DTH and/or cable systems and the possible resulting
deterioration in the terms of agreements, cancellation of fee arrangements or
pressure on margin splits with operators of these systems could adversely affect
our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Limits on our access to satellite transponders could adversely affect our
business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our cable television and DTH operations require continued access to
satellite transponders to transmit programming to cable and DTH operators.
Material limitations on our access to these systems or satellite transponder
capacity could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or
results of operations. Our access to transponders may also be restricted or
denied if:
o we or the satellite transponder providers are indicted or
otherwise charged as a defendant in a criminal proceeding;
o the Federal Communications Commission issues an order
initiating a proceeding to revoke the satellite owner's
authorization to operate the satellite;
o the satellite transponder providers are ordered by a court or
governmental authority to deny us access to the transponder;
o we are deemed by a governmental authority to have violated any
obscenity law; or
o the satellite transponder providers fail to provide the
required services.
14
In addition to the above, the access of Playboy TV, the Spice Digital
Networks and our other networks to transponders may be restricted or denied if a
governmental authority commences an investigation or makes an adverse finding
concerning the content of their transmissions. Technical failures may also
affect our satellite transponder providers' ability to deliver transmission
services.
We are subject to risks resulting from our operations outside the United
States, and we face additional risks and challenges as we continue to expand
internationally.
The international scope of our operations may contribute to volatile
financial results and difficulties in managing our business. For the year ended
December 31, 2007, we derived approximately 33% of our consolidated revenues
from countries outside the United States. Our international operations expose us
to numerous challenges and risks, including, but not limited to, the following:
o adverse political, regulatory, legislative and economic
conditions in various jurisdictions;
o costs of complying with varying governmental regulations;
o fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
o difficulties in developing, acquiring or licensing programming
and products that appeal to a variety of audiences and
cultures;
o scarcity of attractive licensing and joint venture partners;
o the potential need for opening and managing distribution
centers abroad; and
o difficulties in protecting intellectual property rights in
foreign countries.
In addition, important elements of our business strategy, including
capitalizing on advances in technology, expanding distribution of our products
and content and leveraging cross-promotional marketing capabilities, involve a
continued commitment to expanding our business internationally. This
international expansion will require considerable management and financial
resources.
We cannot assure you that one or more of these factors or the demands on
our management and financial resources would not harm any current or future
international operations and our business as a whole.
Any inability to identify, fund investment in and commercially exploit new
technology could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial
condition or results of operations.
We are engaged in businesses that have experienced significant
technological changes over the past several years and are continuing to undergo
technological changes. Our ability to implement our business plan and to achieve
the results projected by management will depend on management's ability to
anticipate technological advances and implement strategies to take advantage of
future technological changes. Any inability to identify, fund investment in and
commercially exploit new technology or the commercial failure of any technology
that we pursue, such as Internet and wireless, could result in our businesses
becoming burdened by obsolete technology and could have a material adverse
impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our online operations are subject to security risks and systems failures.
Online security breaches could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition or results of operations. Any well-publicized compromise of
security could deter use of the Internet in general or use of the Internet to
conduct transactions that involve transmitting confidential information or
downloading sensitive materials in particular. In offering online payment
services, we may increasingly rely on technology licensed from third parties to
provide the security and authentication necessary to effect secure transmission
of confidential information such as customer credit card numbers. Advances in
computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other
developments could compromise or breach the algorithms that we use to protect
our customers' transaction data. If third parties are able to penetrate our
network security or otherwise misappropriate confidential information, we could
be subject to liability, which could result in litigation. In addition,
experienced programmers or "hackers" may attempt to misappropriate proprietary
information or cause interruptions in our services that could require us to
expend significant capital and resources to protect against or remediate these
problems. Increased scrutiny by regulatory agencies, such as the Federal Trade
Commission and state agencies, of the use of customer information could also
result in additional expenses if we are obligated to reengineer systems to
comply with new regulations or to defend investigations of our privacy
practices.
15
The uninterrupted performance of our computer systems is critical to the
operations of our websites. Our computer systems are located at external
third-party sites, and, as such, may be vulnerable to fire, loss of power,
telecommunications failures and other similar catastrophes. In addition, we may
have to restrict access to our websites to solve problems caused by computer
viruses or other system failures. Our customers may become dissatisfied by any
disruption or failure of our computer systems that interrupts our ability to
provide our content. Repeated system failures could substantially reduce the
attractiveness of our websites and/or interfere with commercial transactions,
negatively affecting our ability to generate revenues. Our websites must
accommodate a high volume of traffic and deliver regularly-updated content. Our
sites have, on occasion, experienced slow response times and network failures.
These types of occurrences in the future could cause users to perceive our
websites as not functioning properly and therefore induce them to frequent
websites other than ours. We are also subject to risks from failures in computer
systems other than our own because our customers depend on their own Internet
service providers for access to our sites. Our revenues could be negatively
affected by outages or other difficulties customers experience in accessing our
websites due to Internet service providers' system disruptions or similar
failures unrelated to our systems. Our insurance policies may not adequately
compensate us for any losses that may occur due to any failures in our Internet
systems or the systems of our customers' Internet service providers.
Piracy of our television networks, programming and photographs could
materially reduce our revenues and adversely affect our business, financial
condition or results of operations.
The distribution of our subscription programming by MSOs and DTH operators
requires the use of encryption technology to assure that only those who pay can
receive programming. It is illegal to create, sell or otherwise distribute
mechanisms or devices to circumvent that encryption. Nevertheless, theft of
subscription television programming has been widely reported. Theft of our
programming reduces future potential revenue. In addition, theft of our
competitors' programming can also increase our churn rate. Although MSOs and DTH
operators continually review and update their conditional access technology,
there can be no assurance that they will be successful in developing or
acquiring the technology needed to effectively restrict or eliminate signal
theft.
Additionally, the development of emerging technologies, including the
Internet and online services, poses the risk of making piracy of our
intellectual property more prevalent. Digital formats, such as the ones we use
to distribute our programming through MSOs, DTH and the Internet, are easier to
copy, download or intercept. As a result, users can download, duplicate and
distribute unauthorized copies of copyrighted programming and photographs over
the Internet or other media, including DVDs. As long as pirated content is
available, consumers could choose to download or purchase pirated intellectual
property rather than pay to subscribe to our services or purchase our products.
National consolidation of the single-copy magazine distribution system may
adversely affect our ability to obtain favorable terms on the distribution of
Playboy magazine and special editions and may lead to declines in profitability
and circulation.
In the past decade, the single-copy magazine distribution system has
undergone dramatic consolidation. According to an economic study released by
Magazine Publishers of America in 2001, the number of magazine wholesalers has
declined from more than 180 independent distribution owners to just four large
wholesalers that handle 80% of the single-copy distribution business. Currently,
we rely on a single national distributor, TWRSM, for the distribution of Playboy
magazine and special editions to newsstands and other retail outlets. As a
result of this industry consolidation, we face increasing pressure to lower the
prices we charge to wholesalers and increase our sell-through rates. If we are
forced to lower the prices we charge wholesalers, we may experience declines in
revenue. If we are unable to meet targeted sell-through rates, we may incur
greater expenses in the distribution process. The combination of these factors
could negatively impact the profitability and newsstand circulation for Playboy
magazine and special editions.
If we are unable to generate revenues from advertising and sponsorships,
or if we were to lose our large advertisers or sponsors, our business would be
harmed.
If companies perceive Playboy magazine, Playboy.com or any of our other
free websites to be limited or ineffective advertising mediums, they may be
reluctant to advertise in our products or to be our sponsors. Our ability
16
to generate significant advertising and sponsorship revenues depends upon
several factors, including, among others, the following:
o our ability to maintain a large, demographically attractive
subscriber base for Playboy magazine and Playboy.com and any
of our other free websites;
o our ability to offer attractive advertising rates;
o our ability to attract advertisers and sponsors; and
o our ability to provide effective advertising delivery and
measurement systems.
Our advertising revenues are also dependent on the level of spending by
advertisers, which is impacted by a number of factors beyond our control,
including general economic conditions, changes in consumer purchasing and
viewing habits and changes in the retail sales environment. Our existing
competitors, as well as potential new competitors, may have significantly
greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. These companies
may be able to undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, adopt aggressive
advertising pricing policies and devote substantially more resources to
attracting advertising customers.
We rely on third parties to service our Playboy magazine subscriptions and
to print and distribute the magazine and special editions. We also rely on a
third party to operate our e-commerce and catalog businesses. If these third
parties fail to perform, our business could be harmed.
We rely on CDS to service Playboy magazine subscriptions. The magazine and
special editions are printed by Quad at a single site located in Wisconsin,
which ships the product to subscribers and wholesalers. We rely on a single
national distributor, TWRSM, for the distribution of Playboy magazine and
special editions to newsstands and other retail outlets. In the second quarter
of 2008, we will be outsourcing our e-commerce and catalog businesses to a third
party and will rely on this third party to operate these businesses. If CDS,
Quad, TWRSM or our e-commerce and catalog businesses operator is unable to or
does not perform and we are unable to find alternative services in a timely
fashion, our business could be adversely affected.
Increases in paper prices or postal rates could adversely affect our
operating performance.
Paper costs are a substantial component of the manufacturing and direct
marketing expenses of our publishing business. The market for paper has
historically been cyclical, resulting in volatility in paper prices. An increase
in paper prices could materially adversely affect our operating performance
unless and until we can pass any increases through to the consumer.
The cost of postage also affects the profitability of Playboy magazine. An
increase in postage rates could materially adversely affect our operating
performance unless and until we can pass the increase through to the consumer.
If we experience a significant decline in our circulation rate base, our
results could be adversely affected.
According to ABC, Playboy magazine was the 15th highest-ranking U.S.
consumer publication in terms of circulation rate base for the six months ended
December 31, 2007. Our circulation is primarily subscription driven, with
subscription copies comprising approximately 92% of total copies sold. If we
either experience a significant decline in subscriptions because we lose
existing subscribers or do not attract new subscribers, our results could be
adversely affected.
We may not be able to compete successfully with direct competitors or with
other forms of entertainment.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from subscriber-based
fees, advertising and licensing, for which we compete with various other media,
including magazines, newspapers, television, radio, Internet websites and event
or event sponsorships that offer customers information and services similar to
those that we provide. We also compete with providers of alternative
leisure-time activities and media. Competition could result in price reductions,
reduced margins or loss of market share, any of which could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
17
We face competition on both country and regional levels. In addition, each
of our businesses competes with companies that deliver content through the same
platforms. Many of our competitors, including large entertainment and media
enterprises, have greater financial and human resources than we do. We cannot
assure you that we can remain competitive with companies that have greater
resources or that offer alternative entertainment and information options.
Government regulations could adversely affect our business, financial
condition or results of operations.
Our businesses are regulated by governmental authorities in the countries
in which we operate. Because of our international operations, we must comply
with diverse and evolving regulations. Regulation relates to, among other
things, licensing, access to satellite transponders, commercial advertising,
subscription rates, foreign investment, Internet gaming, use of confidential
customer information and content, including standards of decency/obscenity.
Changes in the regulation of our operations or changes in interpretations of
existing regulations by courts or regulators or our inability to comply with
current or future regulations could adversely affect us by reducing our
revenues, increasing our operating expenses and/or exposing us to significant
liabilities. While we are not able to reliably predict particular regulatory
developments that could affect us adversely, those regulations related to adult
content, the Internet, privacy and commercial advertising illustrate some of the
potential difficulties we face.
o Adult content. Regulation of adult content could prevent us
from making our content available in various jurisdictions or
otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition or results of operations. The governments
of some countries, such as China and India, have sought to
limit the influence of other cultures by restricting the
distribution of products deemed to represent foreign or
"immoral" influences. Regulation aimed at limiting minors'
access to adult content could also increase our cost of
operations and introduce technological challenges, such as by
requiring development and implementation of age verification
systems.
o Internet. Various governmental agencies are considering a
number of legislative and regulatory proposals that may lead
to laws or regulations concerning various aspects of the
Internet, including online content, intellectual property
rights, user privacy, taxation, access charges, liability for
third-party activities and jurisdiction. Regulation of the
Internet could materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition or results of operations by reducing the
overall use of the Internet, reducing the demand for our
services or increasing our cost of doing business.
o Regulation of commercial advertising. We receive a significant
portion of our advertising revenues from companies selling
alcohol and tobacco products. For the year ended December 31,
2007, beer/wine/liquor and tobacco represented 28% and 13%,
respectively, of the total advertising pages in Playboy
magazine. Significant limitations on the ability of those
companies to advertise in Playboy magazine or on our websites
because of either legislative, regulatory or court action
could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition or results of operations. In 1996, the Food and Drug
Administration announced regulations that prohibited the
publication of tobacco advertisements containing drawings,
colors or pictures. While those regulations were later held
unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States,
future attempts may be made by other federal agencies to
impose similar or other types of advertising limitations.
18
Our business involves risks of liability claims for media content, which
could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of
operations.
As a distributor of media content, we may face potential liability for:
o defamation;
o invasion of privacy;
o negligence;
o copyright or trademark infringement; and
o other claims based on the nature and content of the materials
distributed.
These types of claims have been brought, sometimes successfully, against
broadcasters, publishers, online services and other disseminators of media
content. We could also be exposed to liability in connection with material
available through our websites. Any imposition of liability that is not covered
by insurance or is in excess of insurance coverage could have a material adverse
effect on us. In addition, measures to reduce our exposure to liability in
connection with material available through our websites could require us to take
steps that would substantially limit the attractiveness of our websites and/or
their availability in various geographic areas, which would negatively affect
their ability to generate revenues.
Private advocacy group actions targeted at our content could result in
limitations on our ability to distribute our products and programming and
negatively impact our brand acceptance.
Our ability to operate successfully depends on our ability to obtain and
maintain distribution channels and outlets for our products. From time to time,
private advocacy groups have sought to exclude our programming from local pay
television distribution because of the adult-oriented content of the
programming. In addition, from time to time, private advocacy groups have
targeted Playboy magazine and its distribution outlets and advertisers, seeking
to limit the magazine's availability because of its adult-oriented content. In
addition to possibly limiting our ability to distribute our products and
programming, negative publicity campaigns, lawsuits and boycotts could
negatively affect our brand acceptance and cause additional financial harm by
requiring that we incur significant expenditures to defend our business or by
discouraging investors from investing in our securities.
In pursuing selective acquisitions, we may incur various costs and
liabilities and we may never realize the anticipated benefits of the
acquisitions.
If appropriate opportunities become available, we may acquire businesses,
products or technologies that we believe are strategically advantageous to our
business. Transactions of this sort could involve numerous risks, including:
o unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures arising
from the process of integrating any acquired business, product
or technology, including related personnel;
o diversion of a significant amount of management's attention
from the ongoing development of our business;
o dilution of existing stockholders' ownership interest in us;
o incurrence of additional debt;
o exposure to additional operational risk and liability,
including risks arising from the operating history of any
acquired businesses;
o entry into markets and geographic areas where we have limited
or no experience;
o loss of key employees of any acquired companies;
o adverse effects on our relationships with suppliers and
customers; and
o adverse effects on the existing relationships of any acquired
companies, including suppliers and customers.
Furthermore, we may not be successful in identifying appropriate
acquisition candidates or consummating acquisitions on terms favorable or
acceptable to us or at all.
When we acquire businesses, products or technologies, our due diligence
reviews are subject to inherent uncertainties and may not reveal all potential
risks. We may therefore fail to discover or inaccurately assess undisclosed or
contingent liabilities, including liabilities for which we may have
responsibility as a successor to the
19
seller or the target company. As a successor, we may be responsible for any past
or continuing violations of law by the seller or the target company, including
violations of decency laws. Although we generally attempt to seek contractual
protections, such as representations and warranties and indemnities, we cannot
be sure that we will obtain such provisions in our acquisitions or that such
provisions will fully protect us from all unknown, contingent or other
liabilities or costs. Finally, claims against us relating to any acquisition may
necessitate our seeking claims against the seller for which the seller may not
indemnify us or that may exceed the scope, duration or amount of the seller's
indemnification obligations.
Our significant debt could adversely affect our business, financial
condition or results of operations.
We have a significant amount of debt. At December 31, 2007, we had total
financing obligations of $115.0 million, all of which consisted of our 3.00%
convertible senior subordinated notes due 2025. In addition, we have a $50.0
million revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2007, there were no
borrowings and $10.6 million in letters of credit outstanding under this
facility, permitting $39.4 million of available borrowings under this facility.
The amount of our existing and future debt could adversely affect us in a
number of ways, including the following:
o we may be unable to obtain additional financing for working
capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and general
corporate purposes;
o debt-service requirements could reduce the amount of cash we
have available for other purposes;
o we could be disadvantaged as compared to our competitors, such
as in our ability to adjust to changing market conditions; and
o we may be restricted in our ability to make strategic
acquisitions and to exploit business opportunities.
Our ability to make payments of principal and interest on our debt depends
upon our future performance, general economic conditions and financial, business
and other factors affecting our operations, many of which are beyond our
control. If we are not able to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in
the future to service our debt, we may be required, among other things:
o to seek additional financing in the debt or equity markets;
o to refinance or restructure all or a portion of our debt;
and/or
o to sell assets.
These measures might not be sufficient to enable us to service our debt.
In addition, any such financing, refinancing or sale of assets might not be
available on economically favorable terms.
The terms of our existing credit facility impose restrictions on us that
may affect our ability to successfully operate our business.
Our existing credit facility contains covenants that limit our actions.
These covenants could materially and adversely affect our ability to finance our
future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities
that may be in our best interests. The covenants limit our ability to, among
other things:
o incur or guarantee additional indebtedness;
o repurchase capital stock;
o make loans and investments;
o enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries' abilities
to pay dividends;
o create liens;
o sell or otherwise dispose of assets;
o enter new lines of business;
o merge or consolidate with other entities; and
o engage in transactions with affiliates.
The credit facility also contains financial covenants requiring us to
maintain specified minimum net worth and interest coverage ratios.
20
Our ability to comply with these covenants and requirements may be
affected by events beyond our control, such as prevailing economic conditions
and changes in regulations, and if such events occur, we cannot be sure that we
will be able to comply.
We depend on our key personnel.
We believe that our ability to successfully implement our business
strategy and to operate profitably depends on the continued employment of some
of our senior management team. If these members of the management team become
unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, our business,
financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely
affected.
Ownership of Playboy Enterprises, Inc. is concentrated.
As of December 31, 2007, Mr. Hefner beneficially owned 69.53% of our Class
A common stock. As a result, given that our Class B stock is nonvoting, Mr.
Hefner possesses influence on matters including the election of directors as
well as transactions involving a potential change of control. Mr. Hefner may
support, and cause us to pursue, strategies and directions with which holders of
our securities disagree. The concentration of our share ownership may delay or
prevent a change in control, impede a merger, consolidation, takeover or other
transaction involving us or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender
offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
- ----------------------------------
None.
21
Item 2. Properties
- ------------------
Location Primary Use
- -------- -----------
Office Space Leased:
Chicago, Illinois This space serves as our corporate headquarters
and is used by all of our operating groups and
executive and administrative personnel.
Los Angeles, California This space serves as our Entertainment Group's
headquarters and is utilized by executive and
administrative personnel.
New York, New York This space serves as our Publishing and Licensing
Groups' headquarters, and the Entertainment Group
and executive and administrative personnel use a
limited amount of space.
London, England This space is used by our Playboy TV U.K.
executive and administrative personnel and as a
programming facility.
Operations Facilities Leased:
Los Angeles, California This space is used by our Entertainment Group and
third parties as a centralized digital, technical
and programming facility. In connection with the
potential sale of assets related to this
production facility, we expect to enter into an
agreement to sublet the entirety of this facility
to the buyer of the assets. See Note (T),
Subsequent Events, to the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Santa Monica, California This space is used by our Publishing Group as a
photography studio and offices.
Property Owned:
Los Angeles, California The Playboy Mansion is used for various corporate
activities and serves as a valuable location for
television production, magazine photography and
for online, advertising and sales events. It also
enhances our image as host for many charitable and
civic functions.
22
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
- -------------------------
On February 17, 1998, Eduardo Gongora, or Gongora, filed suit in state
court in Hidalgo County, Texas, against Editorial Caballero SA de CV, or EC,
Grupo Siete International, Inc., or GSI, collectively the Editorial Defendants,
and us. In the complaint, Gongora alleged that he was injured as a result of the
termination of a publishing license agreement, or the License Agreement, between
us and EC for the publication of a Mexican edition of Playboy magazine, or the
Mexican Edition. We terminated the License Agreement on or about January 29,
1998, due to EC's failure to pay royalties and other amounts due us under the
License Agreement. On February 18, 1998, the Editorial Defendants filed a
cross-claim against us. Gongora alleged that in December 1996 he entered into an
oral agreement with the Editorial Defendants to solicit advertising for the
Mexican Edition to be distributed in the United States. The basis of GSI's
cross-claim was that it was the assignee of EC's right to distribute the Mexican
Edition in the United States and other Spanish-speaking Latin American countries
outside of Mexico. On May 31, 2002, a jury returned a verdict against us in the
amount of approximately $4.4 million. Under the verdict, Gongora was awarded no
damages. GSI and EC were awarded $4.1 million in out-of-pocket expenses and
approximately $0.3 million for lost profits, even though the jury found that EC
had failed to comply with the terms of the License Agreement. On October 24,
2002, the trial court signed a judgment against us for $4.4 million plus pre-
and post-judgment interest and costs. On November 22, 2002, we filed
post-judgment motions challenging the judgment in the trial court. The trial
court overruled those motions and we vigorously pursued an appeal with the State
Appellate Court sitting in Corpus Christi challenging the verdict. We have
posted a bond in the amount of approximately $9.4 million, which represents the
amount of the judgment, costs and estimated pre- and post-judgment interest, in
connection with the appeal. On May 25, 2006, the State Appellate Court reversed
the judgment by the trial court, rendered judgment for us on the majority of the
plaintiffs' claims and remanded the remaining claims for a new trial. On July
14, 2006, the plaintiffs filed a motion for rehearing and en banc
reconsideration, which we opposed. On October 12, 2006, the State Appellate
Court denied plaintiffs' motion. On December 27, 2006, we filed a petition for
review with the Texas Supreme Court. On January 25, 2008, the Texas Supreme
Court denied our petition for review. On February 8, 2008, we filed a petition
for rehearing with the Texas Supreme Court. We, on advice of legal counsel,
believe that it is not probable that a material judgment against us will be
obtained. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5,
Accounting for Contingencies, or Statement 5, no liability has been accrued.
On May 17, 2001, Logix Development Corporation, or Logix, D. Keith
Howington and Anne Howington filed suit in state court in Los Angeles County
Superior Court in California against Spice Entertainment Companies, Inc., or
Spice, Emerald Media, Inc., or EMI, Directrix, Inc., or Directrix, Colorado
Satellite Broadcasting, Inc., New Frontier Media, Inc., J. Roger Faherty, or
Faherty, Donald McDonald, Jr., and Judy Savar. On February 8, 2002, plaintiffs
amended the complaint and added as a defendant Playboy, which acquired Spice in
1999. The complaint alleged 11 contract and tort causes of action arising
principally out of a January 18, 1997, agreement between EMI and Logix in which
EMI agreed to purchase certain explicit television channels broadcast over
C-band satellite. The complaint further sought damages from Spice based on
Spice's alleged failure to provide transponder and uplink services to Logix.
Playboy and Spice filed a motion to dismiss the plaintiffs' complaint. After
pre-trial motions, Playboy was dismissed from the case and a number of causes of
action were dismissed against Spice. A trial date for the remaining breach of
contract claims against Spice was set for December 10, 2003, and then continued,
first to February 11, 2004, and then to March 17, 2004. Spice and the plaintiffs
filed cross-motions for summary judgment or, in the alternative, for summary
adjudication, on September 5, 2003. Those motions were heard on November 19,
2003, and were denied. In February 2004, prior to the trial, Spice and the
plaintiffs agreed to a settlement in the amount of $8.5 million, which we
recorded as a charge in 2003. We paid $1.0 million, $1.0 million and $6.5
million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. In 2004, we received a $5.6
million insurance recovery partially related to the prior year litigation
settlement with Logix.
On April 12, 2004, Faherty filed suit in the United States District Court
for the Southern District of New York against Spice, Playboy, Playboy
Enterprises International, Inc., or PEII, D. Keith Howington, Anne Howington and
Logix. The complaint alleges that Faherty is entitled to statutory and
contractual indemnification from Playboy, PEII and Spice with respect to defense
costs and liabilities incurred by Faherty in the litigation described in the
preceding paragraph, or the Logix litigation. The complaint further alleges that
Playboy, PEII, Spice, D. Keith Howington, Anne Howington and Logix conspired to
deprive Faherty of his alleged right to indemnification by excluding him from
the settlement of the Logix litigation. On June 18, 2004, a jury entered a
special verdict finding Faherty personally liable for $22.5 million in damages
to the plaintiffs in the Logix litigation. A judgment was entered on the verdict
on or around August 2, 2004. Faherty filed post-trial motions for a judgment
notwithstanding the verdict and a new trial, but these motions were both denied
on or about September 21, 2004. On October 20, 2004, Faherty filed a notice of
appeal from the verdict. As of November 30, 2006, the appeal was fully briefed.
In consideration of this
23
appeal, Faherty and Playboy have agreed to seek a temporary stay of the
indemnification action filed in the United States District Court for the
Southern District of New York. In the event Faherty's indemnification and
conspiracy claims go forward against us, we believe they are without merit and
that we have good defenses against them. As such, based on the information known
to us to date, we do not believe that it is probable that a material judgment
against us will result. In accordance with Statement 5, no liability has been
accrued.
On September 26, 2002, Directrix filed suit in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court
in the Southern District of New York against Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
In the complaint, Directrix alleged that it was injured as a result of the
termination of a Master Services Agreement under which Directrix was to perform
services relating to the distribution, production and post-production of our
cable networks and a sublease agreement under which Directrix would have
subleased office, technical and studio space at our Los Angeles production
facility. Directrix also alleged that we breached an agreement under which
Directrix had the right to transmit and broadcast certain versions of films
through C-band satellite, commonly known as the TVRO market, and through
Internet distribution. On November 15, 2002, we filed an answer denying
Directrix's allegations, along with counterclaims against Directrix relating to
the Master Services Agreement and seeking damages. On May 15, 2003, we filed an
amended answer and counterclaims. On July 30, 2003, Directrix moved to dismiss
one of the amended counterclaims, and on October 20, 2003, the Court denied
Directrix's motion. The parties were engaged in discovery. In January 2007, the
parties agreed in principle to a settlement and release of the claims between
them. Under the settlement, which was subject to the approval of the Bankruptcy
Court, we agreed to provide a payment in the amount of $1.8 million, which we
recorded as a charge in 2006. The settlement was paid in the third quarter of
2007. The settlement is a compromise of disputed claims and is not an admission
of liability. We believe we had good defenses against Directrix's claims, but
made the reasonable business decision to settle the litigation to avoid further
management distraction and defense costs, which we had estimated would have
approximately equaled the amount of the settlement.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
- -----------------------------------------------------------
None.
24
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
- -------------------------------------
Stock price information, as reported in the New York Stock Exchange
Composite Listing, is set forth in Note (S), Quarterly Results of Operations
(Unaudited), to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Our securities
are traded on the exchange listed on the cover page of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K under the ticker symbols PLA A (Class A voting) and PLA (Class B
nonvoting). At February 29, 2008, there were 3,305 and 9,492 holders of record
of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or Class B stock,
respectively. There were no cash dividends declared during 2007, 2006 or 2005.
Information regarding the high and low sales prices for our common stock for
each full quarterly period within the two most recent completed fiscal years is
set forth in Note (S), Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited), to the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements.
As previously reported in our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 9,
2005 and filed March 15, 2005, and our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March
28, 2005 and filed April 1, 2005 and as more fully described in Note (L),
Financing Obligations, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in
March 2005, we issued and sold in a private placement $115.0 million aggregate
principal amount of our 3.00% convertible senior subordinated notes due 2025.
The following graph sets forth the five-year cumulative total stockholder
return on our Class B stock with the cumulative total stockholder return of the
Russell 2000 Stock Index and with our peer group for the period from December
31, 2002, through December 31, 2007. The graph reflects $100 invested on
December 31, 2002, in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Our
peer group is comprised of Time Warner Inc., Meredith Corporation, MGM Mirage,
Playboy Enterprises, Inc., Primedia, Inc., The Walt Disney Company, World
Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. and Viacom Inc.
[THE FOLLOWING TABLE WAS REPRESENTED BY A LINE GRAPH IN THE PRINTED MATERIAL.]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12/02 12/03 12/04 12/05 12/06 12/07
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Playboy Enterprises, Inc. 100.00 159.53 121.32 137.12 113.13 90.03
Russell 2000 100.00 147.25 174.24 182.18 215.64 212.26
Peer Group 100.00 126.49 131.99 118.60 148.88 139.05
Other information required under this Item is contained in our Notice of
Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement (to be filed) relating to the
Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in May 2008, which will be filed
within 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, and
is incorporated herein by reference.
25
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
- -------------------------------
(in thousands, except per share amounts
and number of employees)
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05 12/31/04 12/31/03
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selected financial data (1)
Net revenues $ 339,840 $ 331,142 $ 338,153 $ 329,376 $ 315,844
Interest expense, net (2,363) (3,164) (4,769) (13,108) (15,946)
Net income (loss) 4,925 2,285 (735) 9,989 (7,557)
Net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders 4,925 2,285 (735) 9,561 (8,450)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share 0.15 0.07 (0.02) 0.30 (0.31)
EBITDA: (2)
Net income (loss) 4,925 2,285 (735) 9,989 (7,557)
Adjusted for:
Interest expense 4,874 5,611 6,986 13,687 16,309
Income tax expense 1,928 2,496 3,998 3,845 4,967
Depreciation and amortization 41,198 42,218 42,540 47,100 49,558
Amortization of deferred financing fees 490 535 635 1,266 1,407
Stock options and restricted stock awards 1,633 1,859 601 682 45
Equity (income) loss in operations of investments (129) 94 383 71 80
--------------------------------------------------------------
EBITDA $ 54,919 $ 55,098 $ 54,408 $ 76,640 $ 64,809
============================================================================================================================
At period end
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities
and short-term investments $ 33,555 $ 35,748 $ 52,052 $ 50,720 $ 34,878
Total assets 445,156 435,783 428,969 416,330 413,809
Long-term financing obligations 115,000 115,000 115,000 80,000 115,000
Redeemable preferred stock -- -- -- -- 16,959
Total shareholders' equity $ 171,317 $ 163,628 $ 157,247 $ 162,158 $ 100,344
Long-term financing obligations as a
percentage of total capitalization 40% 41% 42% 33% 53%
Number of common shares outstanding
Class A voting 4,864 4,864 4,864 4,864 4,864
Class B nonvoting 28,402 28,362 28,261 28,521 22,579
Number of full-time employees 801 789 709 645 592
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selected operating data
Cash investments in Company-produced and
licensed entertainment programming $ 34,619 $ 38,475 $ 33,075 $ 41,457 $ 44,727
Cash investments in online content 5,620 5,031 2,242 2,317 2,436
--------------------------------------------------------------
Total cash investments in programming and content 40,239 43,506 35,317 43,774 47,163
Amortization of investments in Company-produced
and licensed entertainment programming 33,935 36,564 37,450 41,695 40,603
Online content expense 5,620 5,241 2,626 2,317 2,436
--------------------------------------------------------------
Total amortization of programming and content $ 39,555 $ 41,805 $ 40,076 $ 44,012 $ 43,039
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For a more detailed description of our financial position, results of
operations and accounting policies, please refer to Part II. Item 7.
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and Part II. Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
(1) 2007 included $0.5 million of restructuring expense and a $1.5 million
charge on assets held for sale related to the potential sale of our Los
Angeles production facility. 2006 included $2.0 million of restructuring
expense. 2005 included $19.3 million of debt extinguishment expense
related to the redemption of $80.0 million of 11.00% senior secured notes,
or senior secured notes, issued by our subsidiary PEI Holdings, Inc. 2004
included $5.9 million of debt extinguishment expense related to the
redemption of $35.0 million of the senior secured notes and a $5.6 million
insurance recovery partially related to a litigation settlement recorded
in the prior year. 2003 included an $8.5 million charge related to the
litigation settlement and $3.3 million of debt extinguishment expense
related to prior financing obligations, which were paid upon completion of
our debt offering.
26
(2) EBITDA represents earnings from continuing operations before interest
expense, income tax expense, depreciation of property and equipment,
amortization of intangible assets, amortization of investments in
entertainment programming, amortization of deferred financing fees,
stock-based compensation related to stock options and restricted stock
awards and equity income or loss in operations of investments. We evaluate
our operating results based on several factors, including EBITDA. We
consider EBITDA an important indicator of the operational strength and
performance of our ongoing businesses, including our ability to provide
cash flows to pay interest, service debt and fund capital expenditures.
EBITDA eliminates the uneven effect across business segments of noncash
depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of intangible
assets. Because depreciation and amortization are noncash charges, they do
not affect our ability to service debt or make capital expenditures.
EBITDA also eliminates the impact of how we fund our businesses and the
effect of changes in interest rates, which we believe relate to general
trends in global capital markets but are not necessarily indicative of our
operating performance. Finally, EBITDA is used to determine compliance
with some of the terms of our credit facility. EBITDA should not be
considered an alternative to any measure of performance or liquidity under
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. Similarly,
EBITDA should not be inferred as more meaningful than any of those
measures.
27
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
of Operations
- -------------
OVERVIEW
Since our inception in 1953 as the publisher of Playboy magazine, we have
evolved into a brand-driven, international multimedia entertainment and
lifestyle company. Today, our businesses are organized into three reportable
segments: Entertainment, Publishing and Licensing.
The following discussion and analysis provides information which
management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our
results of operations and financial condition. The discussion should be read in
conjunction with the financial statements and the accompanying notes.
REVENUES
Entertainment Group revenues are principally from domestic and
international TV and online/mobile. Television revenues are affected by factors
including shelf space, retail price and marketing, which are controlled by our
distribution partners, by revenue splits negotiated with distribution partners
and by demand for our programming. Domestic TV revenues are generated primarily
from our Playboy TV- and Spice-branded networks. Internationally, we own and
operate or license Playboy-, Spice- and locally-branded television networks or
blocks of programming. We have minority equity interests in additional
international networks through joint ventures. We currently generate most of our
online/mobile revenues from the sale of our premium content. These subscription
revenues are derived from multiple online clubs, which offer unique content
under various brands, including Playboy and Spice. E-commerce revenues include
the sale of our branded and third-party consumer products, both online and
through direct mail. We also generate revenues from online advertising sales in
conjunction with our magazine advertising sales efforts. Internationally, we
receive licensing fees from Playboy- and other-branded websites and from content
delivered via wireless devices to providers outside of the U.S. Entertainment
Group revenues are also generated from the sale of DVDs, from co-productions
aired on third-party networks and from license fees for Playboy Radio on SIRIUS
Satellite Radio.
Publishing Group revenues are primarily circulation driven for our
domestic magazine and special editions and include both subscription and
newsstand sales. Additionally, the group generates revenues from advertising
sales in Playboy magazine as well as from royalties on circulation and
advertising sales from our 24 licensed international editions.
Licensing Group revenues are generated primarily from royalties on the
wholesale price of our branded products around the world as well as from
multifaceted location-based entertainment venues. We also generate revenues from
periodic auction or opportunistic sales of small portions of our art and
memorabilia collection and from marketing events such as the annual Playboy Jazz
Festival.
COSTS AND OPERATING EXPENSES
Entertainment Group expenses include television programming amortization,
online content, network distribution, hosting, sales and marketing and
administrative expenses. Programming amortization and content expenses are
expenditures associated with the creation of Playboy programming, the licensing
of third-party programming for our adult movie business and the creation of
content for our websites and wireless and satellite radio providers.
Publishing Group expenses include manufacturing, subscription acquisition,
newsstand promotion, editorial, shipping and administrative expenses.
Manufacturing of the magazine represents the largest cost for the group.
Licensing Group expenses include agency fees, promotion, development and
administrative expenses.
Corporate Administration and Promotion expenses include general corporate
costs such as technology, legal, security, human resources, finance and investor
relations and communications, as well as expenses related to company-wide
marketing, promotions and the Playboy Mansion.
28
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (1)
The following table sets forth our results of operations (in millions,
except per share amounts):
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net revenues
Entertainment
Domestic TV $ 75.8 $ 82.5 $ 98.6
International TV 55.9 49.5 46.9
Online/mobile 63.3 61.7 53.9
Other 8.0 7.3 4.6
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Entertainment 203.0 201.0 204.0
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Publishing
Domestic magazine 77.0 80.7 89.4
International magazine 7.4 6.6 6.6
Special editions and other 9.4 9.8 10.5
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Publishing 93.8 97.1 106.5
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Licensing
Consumer products 34.0 28.2 24.2
Location-based entertainment 3.8 1.2 0.1
Marketing events 3.2 3.0 3.0
Other 2.0 0.6 0.4
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Licensing 43.0 33.0 27.7
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total net revenues $ 339.8 $ 331.1 $ 338.2
==============================================================================================================
Net income (loss)
Entertainment
Before programming amortization and online content expenses $ 60.9 $ 65.1 $ 81.2
Programming amortization and online content expenses (39.6) (41.8) (40.1)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Entertainment 21.3 23.3 41.1
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Publishing (7.6) (5.4) (6.5)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Licensing 26.4 18.9 16.0
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corporate Administration and Promotion (28.1) (25.7) (19.6)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Segment income 12.0 11.1 31.0
Restructuring expense (0.5) (2.0) (0.1)
Impairment charge on assets held for sale (1.5) -- --
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 10.0 9.1 30.9
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonoperating income (expense)
Investment income 2.5 2.4 2.2
Interest expense (4.9) (5.6) (7.0)
Amortization of deferred financing fees (0.5) (0.5) (0.6)
Minority interest expense -- -- (1.6)
Debt extinguishment expense -- -- (19.3)
Other, net (0.3) (0.6) (1.3)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nonoperating expense (3.2) (4.3) (27.6)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before income taxes 6.8 4.8 3.3
Income tax expense (1.9) (2.5) (4.0)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) $ 4.9 $ 2.3 $ (0.7)
==============================================================================================================
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share $ 0.15 $ 0.07 $ (0.02)
==============================================================================================================
(1) Certain amounts reported for prior periods have been reclassified to
conform to the current year's presentation.
29
2007 COMPARED TO 2006
Revenues increased $8.7 million, or 3%, compared to 2006 due to continued
revenue growth in our Licensing Group, partially offset by lower revenues from
our Publishing Group. Entertainment Group revenues were flat compared to the
prior year.
Segment income increased $0.9 million, or 8%, compared to 2006 due to
increased profits from our Licensing Group, largely offset by lower results from
our Publishing and Entertainment Groups and higher Corporate Administration and
Promotion expenses.
Operating income of $10.0 million improved $0.9 million, or 10%, compared
to 2006 as a result of the segment results previously discussed. The current
year included a $1.5 million charge in connection with the potential sale of
assets related to our Los Angeles production facility and a $0.5 million
restructuring charge, compared to a $2.0 million restructuring charge in 2006.
Net income of $4.9 million improved $2.6 million, or 116%, compared to
2006 primarily as a result of the improved operating results previously
discussed, combined with decreases of $0.7 million and $0.6 million in interest
and income tax expenses, respectively.
Entertainment Group
The following discussion focuses on the revenues and profit contribution
before programming amortization and online content expenses of each of our
Entertainment Group businesses.
Revenues from our domestic TV networks decreased $6.7 million, or 8%, and
profit contribution decreased $4.2 million in 2007. The decrease in revenues was
primarily due to pressure on splits with operators and a reduction in the total
number of households with access to our linear networks. The profit contribution
decrease was primarily due to the lower revenues, partially offset by lower
marketing expense and the impact of a $1.8 million legal settlement in 2006. We
are currently negotiating the sale of the assets related to our Los Angeles
production facility. See Note (T), Subsequent Events, to the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
International TV revenues increased $6.4 million, or 13%, and profit
contribution increased $4.0 million in 2007 primarily due to growth in our U.K.
and other European networks. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations
increased both revenues and expenses, which resulted in an overall small
favorable impact on profit contribution.
Online/mobile revenues increased $1.6 million, or 3%, and profit
contribution was flat in 2007. Online subscription revenues were flat for the
year, while profit contribution increased slightly. E-commerce revenues and
profit contribution increased from the launch in the fourth quarter of 2006 of
the BUNNYshop, a women's fashion e-commerce and catalog business, combined with
improved sales from our Playboy e-commerce and catalog business. In early 2008,
we entered into an agreement to outsource these e-commerce and catalog
businesses. Licensing our Spice e-commerce and catalog business in the third
quarter of 2006 also favorably impacted 2007 profit contribution. Advertising
revenues grew 49% due to the redesign of Playboy.com, largely offset by
increased related costs. Mobile results decreased primarily due to lower
royalties from a licensee in Europe.
Revenues from other businesses increased $0.7 million, or 9%, in 2007
primarily due to recording license fees for our production company, Alta Loma
Entertainment. A $0.7 million decrease in profit contribution was impacted by
Club Jenna, Inc. and related companies, or Club Jenna, which we acquired in the
second quarter of 2006, and a legal settlement recorded in 2007.
The group's administrative expenses increased $3.2 million, or 17%, in
2007 primarily in support of the acquired businesses coupled with higher
performance-based compensation expense.
Programming amortization and online content expenses decreased $2.2
million, or 5%, in 2007.
Segment income for the group decreased $2.0 million, or 9%, in 2007
compared to 2006 due to the results previously discussed.
30
Publishing Group
Domestic magazine revenues decreased $3.7 million, or 5%, in 2007.
Subscription revenues decreased $3.5 million, or 8%, primarily due to 7% fewer
copies served in 2007. Newsstand revenues decreased $1.0 million, or 10%,
primarily due to 10% fewer copies sold in 2007. Print advertising revenues
increased $0.8 million, or 3%, primarily due to a 6% increase in advertising
pages, partially offset by a 3% decrease in average net revenue per page. To
better reflect changes in how and where media is consumed and in response to the
challenging magazine landscape, we adjusted our magazine circulation rate base
(the total newsstand and subscription circulation guaranteed to advertisers)
effective with the January 2008 issue to 2.6 million from 3.0 million.
Advertising sales for the 2008 first quarter magazine issues are closed, and we
expect to report approximately 30% lower advertising revenues due in part to the
effect of the lower rate base and a 14% decrease in advertising pages compared
to the 2007 first quarter.
We believe that the complementary nature of our print and online
businesses will allow us to grow our overall audience for Playboy content and
effectively aggregate that audience for our advertising partners. On a combined
basis, our Playboy print and online advertising revenues increased $2.8 million,
or 10%, for the year, reflecting growth in online advertising, driven by the
redesign of Playboy.com, which has attracted new advertisers.
International magazine revenues increased $0.8 million, or 12%, in 2007
due in part to higher royalties as a result of strong performance from our
Brazilian and Russian editions.
Special editions and other revenues decreased $0.4 million, or 4%, in
2007. Special editions revenues decreased $0.7 million primarily due to 16%
fewer newsstand copies sold, partially offset by the impact of a $1.00 cover
price increase effective with the July 2007 issues.
The group's segment loss increased $2.2 million, or 41%, in 2007 primarily
due to the decrease in revenues discussed above combined with higher expenses
related to celebrity pictorials, partially offset by lower manufacturing costs
due to printing fewer copies and fewer editorial pages per issue. The segment
loss included additional expense for subscription collection costs and actual
allocated post-employment benefit costs related to senior editorial employees.
Excluding these additional subscription collection and post-employment benefit
costs, segment results would have been comparable with those of 2006.
Licensing Group
Licensing Group revenues increased $10.0 million, or 30%, in 2007
primarily due to higher consumer products revenues, principally from Western
Europe and Southeast Asia, and a full year of royalties from our location-based
entertainment venue at the Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas, which opened in the
fourth quarter of 2006. The year also reflected an increase of $1.4 million
related to opportunistic sales of original artwork.
The group's segment income increased $7.5 million, or 40%, in 2007
primarily due to the increased revenues previously discussed, partially offset
by higher growth-related costs and performance-based compensation expense.
Corporate Administration and Promotion
Corporate Administration and Promotion expenses increased $2.4 million, or
9%, in 2007 in part due to additional expense related to certain trademark costs
that we began expensing in the fourth quarter of 2006 and higher
performance-based compensation expense. The previously mentioned allocation of
actual post-employment benefit costs to the Publishing Group partially offset
the unfavorable variance.
Restructuring Expense
In 2007, we implemented a plan to outsource our remaining e-commerce and
catalog businesses, to sell our Los Angeles production facility and to eliminate
office space obtained as part of the Club Jenna acquisition. As a result of this
restructuring plan, we recorded a charge of $0.4 million related to costs
associated with a workforce reduction of 28 employees. Additional expense
related to this plan will be recorded in 2008. During 2007, we made cash
payments of $0.6 million related to prior years' restructuring plans.
Approximately $12.5 million of the total costs of our restructuring plans was
paid through December 31, 2007, with the remaining $0.5 million to be paid
during 2008.
31
In 2006, we recorded a charge of $2.1 million related to reducing overhead
costs and annual programming and editorial expenses.
Impairment Charge on Assets Held for Sale
We recorded a $1.5 million charge in connection with the potential sale of
assets related to our Los Angeles production facility. See Note (T), Subsequent
Events, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional
information.
Nonoperating Income (Expense)
Nonoperating expense was $1.1 million, or 26%, lower in 2007 primarily due
to a $0.7 million decrease in interest expense primarily due to payments made on
acquisition liabilities and a $0.2 million increase in equity income from
Playboy TV-Latin America, LLC.
Income Tax Expense
In 2007, we recognized a tax benefit associated with the decrease of $2.4
million in the valuation allowance related to the realization of our U.K. net
operating losses, or NOLs, and the effect of the deferred tax treatment of
certain acquired intangibles. In 2007, our effective tax rate differed from the
U.S. statutory rate primarily as a result of the NOL carryforwards and the
effect of the deferred tax treatment of certain indefinite-lived intangibles.
In 2006, we modified the assumptions related to the useful lives of
certain distribution agreements that previously were classified as
indefinite-lived. As these distribution agreements are now being amortized, the
deferred tax liability related to the distribution agreements that is expected
to be realized within the NOL carryforward period may be netted against our
deferred tax asset. In 2006, we recorded an income tax benefit for $2.6 million
of the $3.9 million deferred tax liability related to the distribution agreement
modification. In 2007, we recognized an additional income tax benefit of $0.5
million related to the distribution agreements. In 2006, our effective income
tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate primarily as a result of foreign
income and withholding taxes, for which no current U.S. income tax benefit is
recognized, and the effect of the deferred tax treatment of certain
indefinite-lived intangibles.
2006 COMPARED TO 2005
Our revenues decreased $7.1 million, or 2%, compared to 2005 due to a
continued decrease in revenues from our Publishing Group combined with lower
revenues from our Entertainment Group, partially offset by higher revenues from
our Licensing Group.
Segment income decreased $19.9 million, or 64%, compared to 2005 due to
significantly lower results from our Entertainment Group combined with higher
Corporate Administration and Promotion expenses, partially offset by improved
results from our Licensing and Publishing Groups.
Operating income of $9.1 million for 2006 included $2.0 million of
restructuring expense primarily related to a cost reduction plan implemented
during 2006.
Net income of $2.3 million improved $3.0 million over 2005 as the lower
operating results previously discussed were more than offset by debt
extinguishment and minority interest expenses of $19.3 million and $1.6 million,
respectively, in 2005 and decreases of $1.5 million and $1.4 million in income
tax and interest expenses, respectively, in 2006.
Entertainment Group
The following discussion focuses on the revenues and profit contribution
before programming amortization and online content expenses of each of our
Entertainment Group businesses.
Revenues from our domestic TV networks decreased $16.1 million, or 16%, in
2006.
Playboy TV network revenues decreased $6.0 million in 2006 with cable
revenues decreasing $3.0 million and direct-to-home, or DTH, revenues decreasing
$1.2 million. These decreases were largely due to the continued
32
impact of a consumer shift from pay-per-view, or PPV, to video-on-demand, or
VOD, purchasing.
Movie business revenues decreased $12.2 million in 2006 primarily due to
the decline of PPV as a result of less overall carriage of adult linear networks
and less shelf space in VOD compared to linear PPV. The loss of two channels to
a competitor on the largest satellite TV provider also contributed to the lower
movie revenues.
2005 was favorably impacted by the discontinuation of a distributor's
high-definition subscription service agreement, which resulted in the
accelerated recognition of $1.4 million of deferred revenues associated with the
agreement.
Revenues from VOD increased $0.9 million in 2006.
Revenues associated with our Los Angeles production facility increased
$1.2 million in 2006 primarily due to the addition of new third-party networks.
Profit contribution from our domestic TV networks decreased $22.4 million
as a result of the lower revenues previously discussed combined with a $1.8
million legal settlement in the fourth quarter of 2006 and increased expenses
primarily related to marketing and staffing. See Part I. Item 3. "Legal
Proceedings" for additional information.
International TV revenues increased $2.6 million, or 6%, in 2006 primarily
due to increased DTH and cable revenues from our U.K. television business
combined with favorable foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by
lower revenues from several third-party licensees. International TV profit
contribution decreased $0.7 million in 2006 as a result of higher international
distribution and staffing expenses.
Online/mobile revenues increased $7.8 million, or 14%, and profit
contribution increased $0.9 million in 2006. Online subscriptions and e-commerce
revenues increased $5.2 million, or 11%, in 2006. Positive results from our
acquisitions of an affiliate network of websites late in 2005 and Club Jenna in
2006 were partially offset by the impacts of a termination payment received in
2005 related to the discontinuation of a marketing alliance and the outsourcing
of our Spice e-commerce and catalog business in 2006. Online subscriptions and
e-commerce profit contribution decreased $0.2 million, or 1%, as the revenue
increases previously discussed were more than offset by costs associated with
the acquired businesses and higher marketing expenses. Advertising revenues
increased $1.7 million in 2006 and profit contribution increased $0.5 million
due to advertising revenues from the acquired businesses. Mobile revenues
increased $0.9 million and profit contribution increased $0.6 million due to
higher royalties combined with revenues from our acquisition of Club Jenna in
2006.
Revenues from other businesses increased $2.7 million, or 58%, in 2006,
driven by worldwide DVD sales and revenues resulting from the 2006 launch of
Playboy Radio on SIRIUS Satellite Radio. Profit contribution increased $1.0
million, or 66%, in 2006 due to the revenue increases previously discussed,
partially offset by higher costs largely related to the acquired businesses.
The group's administrative expenses decreased $5.0 million, or 20%, in
2006 due to the elimination of our intra-company agreements related to
trademark, content and administrative fees that had been paid by Playboy.com,
Inc., or Playboy.com, to us as a result of our October 2005 repurchase of the
remaining minority interest of Playboy.com, partially offset by higher
staffing-related expenses, in large part associated with the acquired
businesses.
Programming amortization and online content expenses increased $1.7
million, or 4%, in 2006, primarily due to new programming costs to support our
acquired businesses and Playboy Radio, partially offset by a change in the mix
of television programming.
Segment income for the group decreased $17.8 million, or 43%, in 2006
compared to 2005 due to the previously discussed operating results.
Publishing Group
Domestic magazine revenues decreased $8.7 million, or 10%, in 2006.
Advertising revenues decreased $4.0 million due to 10% fewer advertising pages
coupled with a 4% decrease in average net revenue per page. Subscription
revenues also decreased $4.0 million primarily due to lower average revenue per
copy combined with
33
fewer copies served. Newsstand revenues decreased $0.7 million primarily due to
15% fewer copies sold in 2006. This decrease was partially mitigated by the
impact of a $1.00 cover price increase effective with the February 2006 issue.
Revenues from special editions and other decreased $0.7 million, or 7%, in
2006. Special editions revenues decreased $0.5 million primarily due to 15%
fewer newsstand copies sold in 2006, partially offset by the impact of a $1.00
cover price increase effective with the November 2005 issues and by a favorable
variance related to prior issues.
International magazine revenues were flat for 2006.
The group's segment loss improved $1.1 million, or 17%, as lower
subscription acquisition amortization, editorial content, manufacturing,
advertising sales, marketing and administration expenses were partially offset
by the lower revenues previously discussed and by higher operating expenses
related to international publishing in 2006.
Licensing Group
Licensing Group revenues increased $5.3 million, or 19%, in 2006 primarily
due to higher international royalties, principally from Europe, and royalties
from our location-based entertainment venue at the Palms Casino Resort in Las
Vegas, which opened in the fourth quarter of 2006. The group's segment income
increased $2.9 million, or 19%, due to the increased revenues previously
discussed, partially offset by higher growth-related costs.
Corporate Administration and Promotion
Corporate Administration and Promotion expenses increased $6.1 million, or
31%, in 2006 primarily due to the elimination of our intra-company agreements
related to trademark, content and administrative fees as a result of the
Playboy.com minority interest repurchase previously discussed and higher
promotional spending.
Restructuring Expense
In 2006, we implemented a cost reduction plan to lower overhead costs and
annual programming and editorial expenses. As a result of the 2006 restructuring
plan, we reported a charge of $2.1 million related to costs associated with a
workforce reduction of 15 employees.
Nonoperating Income (Expense)
Nonoperating expense decreased $23.3 million, or 84%, in 2006. 2005
included $19.3 million of debt extinguishment expense related to a debt
refinancing and $1.6 million of minority interest expense related to the
previously discussed repurchase of the remaining minority interest in
Playboy.com. 2006 reflected a decrease in interest expense of $1.4 million,
which was also a result of our 2005 debt refinancing.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective income tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate
primarily as a result of foreign income and withholding taxes, for which no
current U.S. income tax benefit was recognized, and the deferred tax treatment
of certain indefinite-lived intangibles.
In 2006, we modified the assumptions related to the useful lives of
certain distribution agreements that previously were classified as
indefinite-lived. As these distribution agreements are now being amortized, the
deferred tax liability related to the distribution agreements that is expected
to be realized within the NOL carryforward period may be netted against our
deferred tax asset. In 2006, we recorded an income tax benefit for $2.6 million
of the $3.9 million deferred tax liability related to the distribution agreement
modification. In 2005, our effective income tax rate differed from the U.S.
statutory rate primarily as a result of the reduction in the valuation allowance
corresponding to the utilization of our NOL carryforwards. The benefit of our
NOL carryforwards was partially offset by foreign income and withholding tax,
for which no current U.S. income tax benefit is recognized, and the deferred tax
treatment of certain indefinite-lived intangibles.
34
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At December 31, 2007, we had $20.6 million in cash and cash equivalents
compared to $26.7 million in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2006. We
also had $6.0 million and $3.0 million of auction rate securities, or ARS,
included in marketable securities and short-term investments at December 31,
2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. ARS generally have long-term
maturities; however, these investments have characteristics similar to
short-term investments because at predetermined intervals, typically every 28
days, there is a new auction process. Total financing obligations were $115.0
million at both December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006.
At December 31, 2007, cash generated from our operating activities,
existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities and short-term
investments were fulfilling our liquidity requirements. We also had a $50.0
million credit facility, which can be used for revolving borrowings, issuing
letters of credit or a combination of both. At December 31, 2007, there were no
borrowings and $10.6 million in letters of credit outstanding under this
facility, resulting in $39.4 million of available borrowings under this
facility.
We believe that cash on hand and operating cash flows, together with funds
available under our credit facility and potential access to credit and capital
markets, will be sufficient to meet our operating expenses, capital expenditures
and other contractual obligations as they become due.
DEBT FINANCING
In March 2005, we issued and sold $115.0 million aggregate principal
amount of our 3.00% convertible senior subordinated notes due 2025, or
convertible notes, which included $15.0 million due to the initial purchasers'
exercise of the over-allotment option. The convertible notes bear interest at a
rate of 3.00% per annum on the principal amount of the notes, payable in arrears
on March 15 and September 15 of each year, payment of which began on September
15, 2005. In addition, under certain circumstances beginning in 2012, if the
trading price of the convertible notes exceeds a specified threshold during a
prescribed measurement period prior to any semi-annual interest period,
contingent interest will become payable on the convertible notes for that
semi-annual interest period at an annual rate of 0.25% per annum.
The convertible notes are convertible into cash and, if applicable, shares
of our Class B common stock, or Class B stock, based on an initial conversion
rate, subject to adjustment, of 58.7648 shares per $1,000 principal amount of
the convertible notes (which represents an initial conversion price of
approximately $17.02 per share) only under the following circumstances: (a)
during any fiscal quarter after the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2005, if the
closing sale price of our Class B stock for each of 20 or more consecutive
trading days in a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last
trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter exceeds 130% of the
conversion price in effect on that trading day; (b) during the five business day
period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the average
trading price per $1,000 principal amount of convertible notes over that five
consecutive trading day period was equal to or less than 95% of the average
conversion value of the convertible notes during that period; (c) upon the
occurrence of specified corporate transactions, as set forth in the indenture
governing the convertible notes; or (d) if we have called the convertible notes
for redemption. Upon conversion of a convertible note, a holder will receive
cash in an amount equal to the lesser of the aggregate conversion value of the
note being converted and the aggregate principal amount of the note being
converted. If the aggregate conversion value of the convertible note being
converted is greater than the cash amount received by the holder, the holder
will also receive an amount in whole shares of Class B stock equal to the
aggregate conversion value less the cash amount received by the holder. A holder
will receive cash in lieu of any fractional shares of Class B stock. The maximum
conversion rate, subject to adjustment, is 76.3942 shares per $1,000 principal
amount of convertible notes.
The convertible notes mature on March 15, 2025. On or after March 15,
2010, if the closing price of our Class B stock exceeds a specified threshold,
we may redeem any of the convertible notes at a redemption price in cash equal
to 100% of the principal amount of the convertible notes plus any accrued and
unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the redemption date. On or after March 15,
2012, we may at any time redeem any of the convertible notes at the same
redemption price. On each of March 15, 2012, March 15, 2015 and March 15, 2020,
or upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, as specified in the indenture
governing the convertible notes, holders may require us to purchase all or a
portion of their convertible notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 100% of
the principal amount of the notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest up to,
but excluding, the purchase date.
35
The convertible notes are unsecured senior subordinated obligations of
Playboy Enterprises, Inc. and rank junior to all of the issuer's senior debt,
including its guarantee of our subsidiary PEI Holdings, Inc., or Holdings,
borrowings under our credit facility; equally with all of the issuer's future
senior subordinated debt; and, senior to all of the issuer's future subordinated
debt. In addition, the assets of the issuer's subsidiaries are subject to the
prior claims of all creditors, including trade creditors, of those subsidiaries.
CREDIT FACILITY
We amended our $50.0 million credit facility effective September 28, 2007.
The agreement now provides for revolving borrowings, the issuance of letters of
credit or a combination of both of up to $50.0 million outstanding at any time.
The borrowing rates and financial covenants contained in the amendment did not
change materially, but we obtained additional flexibility in other restrictive
covenants. Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at a variable
rate, equal to a specified LIBOR or base rate plus a specified borrowing margin
based on our Adjusted EBITDA, as defined in the credit agreement. We pay fees on
the outstanding amount of letters of credit based on the margin that applies to
borrowings that bear interest at a rate based on LIBOR. All amounts outstanding
under the credit facility will mature on September 28, 2010. The obligations of
Holdings as borrower under the credit facility are guaranteed by us and each of
our other U.S. subsidiaries. The obligations of the borrower and nearly all of
the guarantors under the credit facility are secured by a first-priority lien on
substantially all of the borrower's and the guarantors' assets.
CALIFA ACQUISITION
In 2007, we made cash payments totaling $8.0 million in accordance with
The Califa Entertainment Group, Inc., or Califa, acquisition agreement. At
December 31, 2007, our remaining acquisition payment obligations, which include
interest, to Califa were $3.8 million, which are payable in cash in quarterly
installments ending in 2011. We have the option of accelerating these remaining
acquisition payments. See the Contractual Obligations table for the future cash
obligations related to our acquisitions. See Note (B), Acquisition, to the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information relating to the
Califa acquisition.
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $15.2 million to $24.2
million in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to the operating and nonoperating
results previously discussed combined with increases in accounts payable and
accrued salaries, wages and employee benefits from 2006.
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net cash used for investing activities was $19.0 million for 2007 compared
to net cash provided by investing activities of $2.1 million in 2006. 2007
reflected $10.5 million of net purchases of marketable securities and
investments and $8.5 million of capital expenditures, which primarily related to
leasehold improvements at our New York office and Los Angeles production
facility and technology-related items. 2006 reflected net proceeds of $17.4
million from the sale of marketable securities and short-term investments,
payments for acquisitions of $7.8 million primarily related to the acquisition
of Club Jenna and capital expenditures of $7.5 million primarily related to
technology-related items.
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net cash used for financing activities of $11.7 million for 2007 and $11.1
million for 2006 were primarily due to payments in connection with acquisition
liabilities.
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The positive effects of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash
equivalents during 2007 and 2006 of $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively,
were due to the weakening of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies,
primarily the pound sterling.
36
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table sets forth a summary of our contractual obligations
and commercial commitments at December 31, 2007, as further discussed in the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands):
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Thereafter Total
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-term financing obligations (1) $ 3,450 $ 3,450 $ 3,450 $ 3,450 $ 3,450 $ 158,125 $ 175,375
Operating leases 12,387 9,131 9,222 9,354 9,238 58,502 107,834
Purchasing obligations:
Licensed programming
commitments (2) 5,887 4,510 5,000 3,333 -- -- 18,730
Other (3):
Acquisition liabilities (1), (4) 2,700 3,300 5,300 750 -- -- 12,050
Transponder service agreements $ 7,214 $ 5,408 $ 3,480 $ 3,480 $ 3,480 $ 3,915 $ 26,977
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Includes interest and principal commitments.
(2) Represents our non-cancelable obligations to license programming from
other studios. Typically, the licensing of the programming allows us
access to specific titles or in some cases the studio's entire library
over an extended period of time. We broadcast this programming on our
networks throughout the world, as appropriate.
(3) We have obligations of $6.7 million recorded in "Other noncurrent
liabilities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2007, under
two nonqualified deferred compensation plans, which permit certain
employees and all non-employee directors to annually elect to defer a
portion of their compensation. These amounts have not been included in the
table, as the dates of payment are not known at the balance sheet date.
(4) Includes interest and principal related to the acquisitions of Califa and
Club Jenna.
We have excluded from the table above uncertain tax liabilities as defined
in Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Interpretation No. 48,
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement
No. 109, or FIN 48, due to the uncertainty of the amount and period of payment.
At December 31, 2007, our expected payment for significant contractual
obligations includes approximately $8.0 million for unrecognized tax benefits
associated with the adoption of FIN 48. We cannot make a reasonably reliable
estimate as to if or when such amounts may be settled.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States, which require management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial
statements and accompanying notes. We believe that of our significant accounting
policies, the following are the more complex and critical areas. For additional
information about our accounting policies, see Note (A), Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Domestic Television
Our domestic television revenues were $75.8 million and $82.5 million for
the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. In order to record our
revenues, we estimate the number of PPV and VOD buys and monthly subscriptions
using a number of factors including, but not exclusively, the average number of
buys and subscriptions in the prior three months based on actual payments
received and historical data by geographic location. Upon recording the revenue,
we also record the related receivable. We have reserves for uncollectible
receivables based on our experience and monitor and adjust these reserves on a
quarterly basis. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had receivables of $14.8
million and $13.2 million, respectively, related to domestic television. We
record adjustments to revenue on a monthly basis as we obtain actual payments
from the providers. Actual subscriber information and payment are generally
received within three months. Historically, our adjustments have not been
material. At any point, our exposure to a material adjustment to revenue is
mitigated because, generally, only the most recent two to three months would not
have been fully adjusted to actual based on payments received.
37
International Television
Our international television revenues were $55.9 million and $49.5 million
for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. In order to record
our revenues, we estimate the number of PPV and VOD buys and monthly
subscriptions using a number of factors including, but not exclusively, the
average number of buys and subscriptions in the prior month based on
subscription and billing reports provided by platform operators. Upon recording
the revenue, we also record the related receivable. We have reserves for
uncollectible receivables based on our experience and monitor and adjust these
reserves on a monthly basis. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had receivables
of $9.1 million and $8.0 million, respectively, related to international
television. We record adjustments to revenue on a monthly basis as we obtain
subscription and billing reports from the platform operators. Actual subscriber
information is generally received within one month. Historically, our
adjustments have not been material. At any point, our exposure to a material
adjustment to revenue is mitigated because, generally, only the most recent
month would not have been fully adjusted to actual based on the prior month's
reports.
Domestic Magazine
Our Playboy magazine revenues were $77.0 million and $80.7 million for the
years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, of which 11.5% and 12.1%
were derived from newsstand sales in the respective years. Our print run, which
is developed with input from Time/Warner Retail Sales and Marketing, our
national distributor, varies each month based on expected sales. Our expected
sales are based on analyses of historical demand based on a number of variables,
including content, time of year and the cover price. We record our revenues for
each month's issue utilizing our expected sales. Our revenues are recorded net
of a provision for estimated returns. Substantially all of the magazines to be
returned are returned within 90 days of the date that the subsequent issue goes
on sale. We adjust our provision for returns based on actual returns of the
magazine. Historically, our annual adjustments to Playboy magazine newsstand
revenues have not been material and are driven by differences in actual consumer
demand as compared to expected sales. At any point, our exposure to a material
adjustment to revenue is mitigated because, generally, only the most recent two
to three issues would not have been fully adjusted to actual based on actual
returns received.
DEFERRED REVENUES
We had deferred revenues related to Playboy magazine subscriptions and
online subscriptions of $32.6 million and $4.1 million, respectively, at
December 31, 2007 and $34.3 million and $4.0 million, respectively, at December
31, 2006. Sales of Playboy magazine and online subscriptions, less estimated
cancellations, are deferred and recognized as revenues proportionately over the
subscription periods. Our estimates of cancellations are based on historical
experience and current marketplace conditions and are adjusted monthly on the
basis of actual results. We have not experienced significant deviations between
estimated and actual results.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Our stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $1.1
million for the year ended December 31, 2007. On January 1, 2006, we adopted the
provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised
2004), Share-Based Payment, or Statement 123(R), which is a revision of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation, under the modified prospective method. We estimate the value of
stock options on the date of grant using the Lattice Binomial model, or Lattice
model. The Lattice model requires extensive analysis of actual exercise behavior
data and a number of complex assumptions including expected volatility,
risk-free interest rate, expected dividends and option cancellations.
Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in
subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. We measure
stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the value of the award
and recognize the expense over the vesting period. Compensation expense, as
recognized under Statement 123(R), for all stock-based compensation awards is
recognized using the straight-line attribution method.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
HUGH M. HEFNER
We own a 29-room mansion located on five and one-half acres in Los
Angeles, California. The Playboy Mansion is used for various corporate
activities and serves as a valuable location for television production, magazine
photography and for online, advertising, marketing and sales events. It also
enhances our image as host for many
38
charitable and civic functions. The Playboy Mansion generates substantial
publicity and recognition, which increases public awareness of us and our
products and services. Its facilities include a tennis court, swimming pool,
gymnasium and other recreational facilities as well as extensive film, video,
sound and security systems. The Playboy Mansion also includes accommodations for
guests and serves as an office and residence for Hugh M. Hefner, our
Editor-in-Chief and Chief Creative Officer, or Mr. Hefner. It has a full-time
staff that performs maintenance, serves in various capacities at the functions
held at the Playboy Mansion and provides our and Mr. Hefner's guests with meals,
beverages and other services.
Under a 1979 lease entered into with Mr. Hefner, the annual rent Mr.
Hefner pays to us for his use of the Playboy Mansion is determined by
independent experts who appraise the value of Mr. Hefner's basic accommodations
and access to the Playboy Mansion's facilities, utilities and attendant services
based on comparable hotel accommodations. In addition, Mr. Hefner is required to
pay the sum of the per-unit value of non-business meals, beverages and other
benefits he and his personal guests receive. These standard food and beverage
per-unit values are determined by independent expert appraisals based on fair
market values. Valuations for both basic accommodations and standard food and
beverage units are reappraised every three years and are annually adjusted
between appraisals based on appropriate consumer price indexes. Mr. Hefner is
also responsible for the cost of all improvements in any Hefner residence
accommodations, including capital expenditures, that are in excess of normal
maintenance for those areas.
Mr. Hefner's usage of Playboy Mansion services and benefits is recorded
through a system initially developed by the professional services firm of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, and now administered by us, with appropriate
modifications approved by the Audit and Compensation Committees of the Board of
Directors. The lease dated June 1, 1979, as amended, between Mr. Hefner and us
renews automatically at December 31st each year and will continue to renew
unless either Mr. Hefner or we terminate it. The rent charged to Mr. Hefner
during 2007 included the appraised rent and the appraised per-unit value of
other benefits, as described above. Within 120 days after the end of our fiscal
year, the actual charge for all benefits for that year is finally determined.
Mr. Hefner pays or receives credit for any difference between the amount finally
determined and the amount he paid over the course of the year. We estimated the
sum of the rent and other benefits payable for 2007 to be $0.7 million, and Mr.
Hefner paid that amount during 2007. The actual rent and other benefits paid for
2006 and 2005 were $0.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
We purchased the Playboy Mansion in 1971 for $1.1 million and in the
intervening years have made substantial capital improvements at a cost of $14.2
million through 2007 (including $2.7 million to bring the Hefner residence
accommodations to a standard similar to the Playboy Mansion's common areas). The
Playboy Mansion is included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31,
2007 and 2006, at a net book value of $1.4 million and $1.6 million,
respectively, including all improvements and after accumulated depreciation. We
incur all operating expenses of the Playboy Mansion, including depreciation and
taxes, which were $2.8 million, $2.1 million and $3.1 million for 2007, 2006 and
2005, respectively, net of rent received from Mr. Hefner.
Holly Madison, Bridget Marquardt and Kendra Wilkinson, the stars of The
Girls Next Door on E! Entertainment Television, reside in the mansion with Mr.
Hefner. The value of rent, food and beverage and other personal benefits for the
use of the Playboy Mansion by Ms. Madison, Ms. Marquardt and Ms. Wilkinson is
charged to Alta Loma Entertainment, our production company. The aggregate amount
of these charges in 2007 was $0.4 million. In addition, each of Ms. Madison, Ms.
Marquardt and Ms. Wilkinson receives payments for services rendered on our
behalf, including appearance fees.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements an Amendment of ARB No. 51, or Statement 160. Statement 160 clarifies
that a noncontrolling interest (previously referred to as minority interest) in
a subsidiary is an ownership interest in a consolidated entity that should be
reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. It also requires
consolidated net income to include the amounts attributable to both the parent
and the noncontrolling interest. We are required to adopt Statement 160 at the
beginning of 2009. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, of adopting
Statement 160 on our future results of operations and financial condition.
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations, or Statement 141(R).
Statement 141(R) retains the fundamental requirements of the original
pronouncement requiring that the purchase method be used for all business
combinations. Statement 141(R) defines
39
the acquirer as the entity that obtains control of one or more businesses in the
business combination, establishes the acquisition date as the date that the
acquirer achieves control and requires the acquirer to recognize the assets
acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest at their fair
values as of the acquisition date. Statement 141(R) also requires, among other
things, that acquisition-related costs be recognized separately from the
acquisition. We are required to adopt Statement 141(R) prospectively for
business combinations on or after January 1, 2009. Assets and liabilities that
arose from business combinations prior to January 1, 2009 are not affected by
the adoption of Statement 141(R).
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial
Liabilities-Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, or Statement 159.
Statement 159 allows entities to voluntarily elect to measure many financial
assets and financial liabilities at fair value. The election is made on an
instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable. We are required to adopt
Statement 159 at the beginning of 2008. The impact of the adoption of Statement
159 will be dependent upon the extent to which we elect to measure eligible
items at fair value. We do not expect the adoption of Statement 159 to have a
significant impact on our future results of operations or financial condition.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 158, Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other
Postretirement Plans-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and
132(R), or Statement 158. Statement 158 requires an entity to (a) recognize in
its statement of financial position an asset or an obligation for a defined
benefit postretirement plan's funded status, (b) measure a defined benefit
postretirement plan's assets and obligations that determine its funded status as
of the end of the employer's fiscal year and (c) recognize changes in the funded
status of a defined benefit postretirement plan in comprehensive income in the
year in which the changes occur. We adopted the recognition and related
disclosure provisions of Statement 158 effective December 31, 2006. The
measurement date provision of Statement 158 is effective at the end of 2008. We
do not expect the measurement date provision of adopting Statement 158 to have a
significant impact on our results of operations or financial condition.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or Statement 157. Statement 157
provides enhanced guidance for using fair value to measure assets and
liabilities. We are required to adopt Statement 157 effective at the beginning
of 2008; however, FASB Staff Position FAS 157-2 delayed the effective date of
Statement 157 to the beginning of 2009 for all nonfinancial assets and
nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at
fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually).
We do not expect the adoption of Statement 157 to have a significant impact on
our future results of operations or financial condition.
40
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
We are exposed to certain market risks, including changes in foreign
currency exchange rates. In order to manage the risk associated with our
exposure to such fluctuations, we enter into hedging transactions that have been
authorized pursuant to our policies and procedures. We have derivative
instruments that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, which are
entered into in order to hedge the variability of cash flows to be received
related to forecasted royalty payments denominated in the yen and the euro. We
hedge these royalties with forward contracts for periods not exceeding 12
months. We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and
hedged items, as well as our risk management objectives and strategies for
undertaking various hedge transactions. We link all hedges that are designated
as cash flow hedges to forecasted transactions. We also assess, both at the
inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives used in
hedging transactions are effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the
hedged items. Any hedge ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings. We do not use
financial instruments for trading purposes.
We prepared sensitivity analyses to determine the impact of a hypothetical
10% devaluation of the U.S. dollar relative to the foreign currencies of the
countries to which we have exposure, primarily Japan and Germany. Based on our
sensitivity analyses at December 31, 2007 and 2006, such a change in foreign
currency exchange rates would affect our annual consolidated operating results,
financial position and cash flows by approximately $0.5 million in each period.
At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we did not have any floating interest rate
exposure. All of our outstanding debt as of those dates consisted of 3.00%
convertible senior subordinated notes due 2025, or convertible notes, which are
fixed-rate obligations. The fair value of the $115.0 million aggregate principal
amount of the convertible notes will be influenced by changes in market interest
rates, the share price of our Class B stock and our credit quality. At December
31, 2007, the convertible notes had an implied fair value of $103.9 million.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
- ---------------------------------------------------
The following consolidated financial statements and supplementary data are
set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as follows:
Page
----
Consolidated Statements of Operations - Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2007,
2006 and 2005 42
Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 2007 and 2006 43
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - Fiscal Years Ended
December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 44
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2007,
2006 and 2005 45
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 46
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 67
The supplementary data regarding quarterly results of operations are set
forth in Note (S), Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited), to the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
41
PLAYBOY ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net revenues $ 339,840 $ 331,142 $ 338,153
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Costs and expenses
Cost of sales (263,871) (262,242) (250,319)
Selling and administrative expenses (63,973) (57,816) (56,838)
Restructuring expense (445) (1,998) (149)
Impairment charge on assets held for sale (1,508) -- --
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total costs and expenses (329,797) (322,056) (307,306)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gains on disposal -- 29 14
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 10,043 9,115 30,861
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonoperating income (expense)
Investment income 2,511 2,447 2,217
Interest expense (4,874) (5,611) (6,986)
Amortization of deferred financing fees (490) (535) (635)
Minority interest expense -- -- (1,557)
Debt extinguishment expense -- -- (19,280)
Other, net (337) (635) (1,357)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nonoperating expense (3,190) (4,334) (27,598)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before income taxes 6,853 4,781 3,263
Income tax expense (1,928) (2,496) (3,998)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) $ 4,925 $ 2,285 $ (735)
=====================================================================================================================
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic 33,246 33,171 33,163
=====================================================================================================================
Diluted 33,281 33,276 33,163
=====================================================================================================================
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share $ 0.15 $ 0.07 $ (0.02)
=====================================================================================================================
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part
of these statements.
42
PLAYBOY ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2007 2006
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 20,603 $ 26,748
Marketable securities and short-term investments 12,952 9,000
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of
$3,627 and $3,688, respectively 51,139 47,728
Receivables from related parties 1,704 1,791
Inventories 11,363 12,599
Deferred subscription acquisition costs 8,686 9,931
Deferred tax asset 1,320 --
Assets held for sale 4,706 --
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 13,402 9,426
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current assets 125,875 117,223
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-term investments 6,556 --
Property and equipment, net 14,665 17,407
Long-term receivables 2,795 4,665
Programming costs, net 54,926 55,183
Goodwill 133,570 132,974
Trademarks 65,437 63,794
Distribution agreements, net of accumulated amortization
of $4,803 and $3,435, respectively 28,337 29,705
Deferred tax asset 1,206 --
Other noncurrent assets 11,789 14,832
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets $ 445,156 $ 435,783
============================================================================================
Liabilities
Acquisition liabilities $ 2,134 $ 10,773
Accounts payable 37,842 28,846
Accrued salaries, wages and employee benefits 8,304 4,896
Deferred revenues 43,955 45,050
Accrued litigation settlement -- 1,800
Deferred tax liability 1,490 1,774
Other current liabilities and accrued expenses 14,269 14,124
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current liabilities 107,994 107,263
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financing obligations 115,000 115,000
Acquisition liabilities 7,936 9,692
Deferred tax liability 18,604 16,648
Other noncurrent liabilities 24,305 23,552
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities 273,839 272,155
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shareholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value
Class A voting - 7,500,000 shares authorized; 4,864,102 issued 49 49
Class B nonvoting - 75,000,000 shares authorized;
28,784,079 and 28,743,914 issued, respectively 288 287
Capital in excess of par value 229,833 227,775
Accumulated deficit (52,766) (57,691)
Treasury stock, at cost - 381,971 shares (5,000) (5,000)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,087) (1,792)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total shareholders' equity 171,317 163,628
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 445,156 $ 435,783
============================================================================================
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part
of these statements.
43
PLAYBOY ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)
Accum.
Class A Class B Capital in Other
Common Common Excess of Accum. Treasury Comp.
Stock Stock Par Value Deficit Stock Loss(1) Total
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2004 $ 49 $ 285 $ 222,285 $ (59,241) $ -- $ (1,220) $ 162,158
Net loss -- -- -- (735) -- -- (735)
Shares issued or vested
under stock plans, net -- 1 1,219 -- -- -- 1,220
Minimum benefit liability
adjustment -- -- -- -- -- (341) (341)
Other comprehensive loss -- -- -- -- -- (88) (88)
Treasury stock purchase -- -- -- -- (5,000) -- (5,000)
Other -- -- 33 -- -- -- 33
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2005 49 286 223,537 (59,976) (5,000) (1,649) 157,247
Net income -- -- -- 2,285 -- -- 2,285
Shares issued or vested
under stock plans, net -- 1 4,238 -- -- -- 4,239
Adjustment to initially apply
FASB Statement 158 -- -- -- -- -- (1,396) (1,396)
Other comprehensive income -- -- -- -- -- 1,253 1,253
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2006 49 287 227,775 (57,691) (5,000) (1,792) 163,628
Net income -- -- -- 4,925 -- -- 4,925
Shares issued or vested
under stock plans, net -- 1 2,058 -- -- -- 2,059
Other comprehensive income -- -- -- -- -- 705 705
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2007 $ 49 $ 288 $ 229,833 $ (52,766) $ (5,000) $ (1,087) $ 171,317
===============================================================================================================
(1) Accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of the following:
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2007 2006
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unrealized gain on marketable securities $ 197 $ 247
Derivative gain (loss) (78) 105
Adjustment to initially apply FASB Statement 158 -- (1,396)
Actuarial liability adjustment (576) (155)
Foreign currency translation loss (630) (593)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (1,087) $ (1,792)
===============================================================================
Comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) $ 4,925 $ 2,285 $ (735)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities (50) 113 (24)
Derivative gain (loss) (183) 98 87
Minimum benefit liability adjustment -- -- (341)
Actuarial gain on liability 975 186 --
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) (37) 856 (151)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 705 1,253 (429)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 5,630 $ 3,538 $ (1,164)
===============================================================================================
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part
of these statements.
44
PLAYBOY ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss) $ 4,925 $ 2,285 $ (735)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment 4,963 3,971 3,188
Amortization of intangible assets 2,300 1,683 1,902
Amortization of investments in entertainment programming 33,935 36,564 37,450
Stock-based compensation 1,856 2,326 155
Impairment charge on assets held for sale 1,508 -- --
Amortization of deferred financing fees 490 535 635
Minority interest expense -- -- 1,557
Debt extinguishment expense -- -- 19,280
Equity (income) loss in operations of investments (129) 94 383
Deferred income taxes (854) 867 2,532
Changes in current assets and liabilities:
Receivables (2,342) (103) (1,112)
Receivables from related parties 87 137 (647)
Inventories 1,236 247 (409)
Deferred subscription acquisition costs 1,245 521 2,652
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (3,576) (1,460) 299
Accounts payable 8,746 3,771 3,084
Accrued salaries, wages and employee benefits 3,443 (3,796) 2,776
Deferred revenues (1,095) (937) (5,434)
Acquisition liability interest 1,274 459 (55)
Accrued litigation settlements (1,800) 800 (1,875)
Other current liabilities and accrued expenses 93 (2,145) (719)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net change in current assets and liabilities 7,311 (2,506) (1,440)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investments in entertainment programming (34,619) (38,475) (33,075)
Increase in trademarks (1,704) (2,734) (2,242)
(Increase) decrease in other noncurrent assets 3,511 (52) (69)
Increase (decrease) in other noncurrent liabilities 1,234 2,690 (1,244)
Other, net (498) 1,747 (499)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by operating activities 24,229 8,995 27,778
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flows from investing activities
Payments for acquisitions (105) (7,761) (8,283)
Purchases of investments (36,846) (574) (53,446)
Proceeds from sales of investments 26,377 18,000 51,511
Additions to property and equipment (8,493) (7,546) (5,590)
Other, net 88 -- --
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities (18,979) 2,119 (15,808)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from financing obligations -- -- 115,000
Repayment of financing obligations -- -- (80,000)
Payment of debt extinguishment fees -- -- (15,197)
Payment of acquisition liabilities (11,669) (11,628) (8,804)
Purchase of treasury stock -- -- (5,000)
Payment of deferred financing fees (212) -- (5,077)
Repurchase of minority interest in a controlled subsidiary -- -- (14,074)
Proceeds from stock-based compensation 163 494 1,066
Other, net -- -- (39)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash used for financing activities (11,718) (11,134) (12,125)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 323 679 (424)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (6,145) 659 (579)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 26,748 26,089 26,668
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 20,603 $ 26,748 $ 26,089
============================================================================================================
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part
of these statements.
45
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(A) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization: Playboy Enterprises, Inc., together with its subsidiaries
through which we conduct business, is a brand-driven, international multimedia
entertainment and lifestyle company with operations in the following business
segments: Entertainment, Publishing and Licensing.
Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include
our accounts and all majority-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in
the financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are
based on management's knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake
in the future, they may ultimately differ from actual results.
Reclassifications: Certain amounts reported for prior periods have been
reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.
New Accounting Pronouncements: In December 2007, the Financial Accounting
Standards Board, or the FASB, issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements-an
Amendment of ARB No. 51, or Statement 160. Statement 160 clarifies that a
noncontrolling interest (previously referred to as minority interest) in a
subsidiary is an ownership interest in a consolidated entity that should be
reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. It also requires
consolidated net income to include the amounts attributable to both the parent
and the noncontrolling interest. We are required to adopt Statement 160 at the
beginning of 2009. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, of adopting
Statement 160 on our future results of operations and financial condition.
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations, or Statement 141(R).
Statement 141(R) retains the fundamental requirements of the original
pronouncement requiring that the purchase method be used for all business
combinations. Statement 141(R) defines the acquirer as the entity that obtains
control of one or more businesses in the business combination, establishes the
acquisition date as the date that the acquirer achieves control and requires the
acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any
noncontrolling interest at their fair values as of the acquisition date.
Statement 141(R) also requires, among other things, that acquisition-related
costs be recognized separately from the acquisition. We are required to adopt
Statement 141(R) prospectively for business combinations on or after January 1,
2009. Assets and liabilities that arose from business combinations prior to
January 1, 2009 are not affected by the adoption of Statement 141(R).
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial
Liabilities-Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, or Statement 159.
Statement 159 allows entities to voluntarily elect to measure many financial
assets and financial liabilities at fair value. The election is made on an
instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable. We are required to adopt
Statement 159 at the beginning of 2008. The impact of the adoption of Statement
159 will be dependent upon the extent to which we elect to measure eligible
items at fair value. We do not expect the adoption of Statement 159 to have a
significant impact on our future results of operations or financial condition.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 158, Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other
Postretirement Plans-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and
132(R), or Statement 158. Statement 158 requires an entity to (a) recognize in
its statement of financial position an asset or an obligation for a defined
benefit postretirement plan's funded status, (b) measure a defined benefit
postretirement plan's assets and obligations that determine its funded status as
of the end of the employer's fiscal year and (c) recognize changes in the funded
status of a defined benefit postretirement plan in comprehensive income in the
year in which the changes occur. We adopted the recognition and related
disclosure provisions of Statement 158 effective December 31, 2006. The
measurement date provision of Statement 158 is effective at the end of 2008. We
do not expect the measurement date provision of adopting Statement 158 to have a
significant impact on our results of operations or financial condition.
46
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or Statement 157. Statement 157
provides enhanced guidance for using fair value to measure assets and
liabilities. We are required to adopt Statement 157 effective at the beginning
of 2008; however, FASB Staff Position FAS 157-2 delayed the effective date of
Statement 157 to the beginning of 2009 for all nonfinancial assets and
nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at
fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually).
We do not expect the adoption of Statement 157 to have a significant impact on
our future results of operations or financial condition.
Revenue Recognition: Domestic and international TV direct-to-home, or DTH,
and cable revenues are recognized based on estimates of pay-per-view and
video-on-demand buys and monthly subscriber counts reported each month by the
system operators and adjusted to actual. The net adjustments to actual have not
been material. International TV third-party revenues are recognized upon
identification of programming scheduled for networks, delivery of programming to
customers and/or upon the commencement of the license term. Revenues from the
sale of Playboy magazine and online subscriptions are recognized over the terms
of the subscriptions. Revenues from newsstand sales of Playboy magazine and
special editions (net of estimated returns) and revenues from the sale of
Playboy magazine advertisements are recorded when each issue goes on sale.
Revenues from e-commerce, except for those from outsourced operations, are
recognized when the items are shipped, which is when title passes. Royalties
from licensing our trademarks in our international magazine, product licensing
and location-based entertainment businesses are generally recognized on a
straight-line basis over the terms of the related agreements.
Stock-Based Compensation: On January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based
Payment, or Statement 123(R), which is a revision of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, or
Statement 123, under the modified prospective method. Statement 123(R)
supersedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock
Issued to Employees, or APB 25, and amends Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. Statement 123(R) requires that all
stock-based compensation to employees, including grants of employee stock
options, be recognized in the income statement based on its fair value. Under
the modified prospective method, results for prior periods have not been
restated.
Stock-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to
vest, reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time
of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures
differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical
experience. In our pro forma information required under Statement 123 for the
periods prior to fiscal 2006, we accounted for forfeitures as they occurred.
Under the fair value recognition provisions of Statement 123(R), we measure
stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the value of the award
and recognize the expense over the vesting period. Compensation expense, as
recognized under Statement 123(R), for all stock-based compensation awards is
recognized using the straight-line attribution method. Stock-based compensation
expense is reflected in "Selling and administrative expenses" on our
Consolidated Statements of Operations and the proceeds are reflected in
"Proceeds from stock-based compensation" on our Consolidated Statements of Cash
Flows. See Note (O), Stock-Based Compensation.
Cash Equivalents: Cash equivalents are temporary cash investments with an
original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase and are stated
at cost, which approximates fair value.
Marketable Securities: Marketable securities are classified as
available-for-sale securities, stated at fair value and accounted for under the
specific identification method. Net unrealized holding gains and losses are
included in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss."
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Trade receivables
are reported at their outstanding unpaid balances less an allowance for doubtful
accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is increased by charges to income
and decreased by chargeoffs (net of recoveries) or by reversals to income. We
perform periodic evaluations of the adequacy of the allowance based on our past
loss experience and adverse situations that may affect a customer's ability to
pay. A receivable balance is written off when we deem the balance to be
uncollectible.
Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (specific cost
and average cost) or fair value.
Assets Held for Sale: Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of
the carrying amount or fair value, less the estimated costs to sell. See Note
(T), Subsequent Events.
47
Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost. Costs
incurred for computer software developed or obtained for internal use are
capitalized for application development activities and are immediately expensed
for preliminary project activities or post-implementation activities.
Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated
useful lives of the assets. The useful life for building improvements is 10
years; furniture and equipment ranges from one to 10 years; and software ranges
from one to five years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated using the
straight-line method over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the
terms of the related leases. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as
incurred and major betterments are capitalized. Sales and retirements of
property and equipment are recorded by removing the related cost and accumulated
depreciation from the accounts, after which any related gains or losses are
recognized.
Advertising Costs: We expense advertising costs as incurred, except for
direct response advertising. Direct response advertising consists primarily of
costs associated with the promotion of Playboy magazine subscriptions,
principally the production of direct mail solicitation materials and postage,
and the distribution of direct- and e-commerce catalog mailings. In accordance
with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' Statement of
Position 93-7, Reporting on Advertising Costs, these capitalized direct response
advertising costs are amortized over the period during which the future benefits
are expected to be received, generally six to 12 months.
Programming Amortization and Online Content Costs: Original programming
and film acquisition costs are primarily assigned to the domestic and
international networks and are capitalized and amortized utilizing the
straight-line method, generally over three years. Online content expenditures
are generally expensed as incurred. We believe that these methods provide a
reasonable matching of expenses with total estimated revenues over the periods
that revenues associated with films, programs and online content are expected to
be realized. Film and program costs are stated at the lower of unamortized cost
or estimated net realizable value as determined on a specific identification
basis and are classified on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as noncurrent
assets. See Note (K), Programming Costs, Net.
Intangible Assets: In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, we do not amortize
goodwill and trademarks with indefinite lives, but subject them to annual
impairment tests. Noncompete agreements are being amortized using the
straight-line method over the lives of the agreements, either five or 10 years.
Distribution agreements are being amortized using the straight-line method over
the lives of the agreements, which were determined to be 27 and one-half years.
Capitalized trademark costs include costs associated with the acquisition,
registration and/or renewal of our trademarks. In the fourth quarter of 2006, we
began expensing certain costs associated with the defense of such trademarks. A
program supply agreement is amortized using the straight-line method over the
10-year life of the agreement. Copyright costs are being amortized using the
straight-line method over 15 years. Other intangible assets continue to be
amortized over their useful lives. The noncompete agreements, program supply
agreement and copyright costs are all included in "Other noncurrent assets" on
our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In 2006, we modified the assumptions related to the useful lives of
certain distribution agreements that previously were classified as
indefinite-lived. As these distribution agreements are now being amortized, the
deferred tax liability related to the distribution agreements that is expected
to be realized within the net operating loss, or NOL, carryforward period may be
netted against our deferred tax asset. In 2007 and 2006, we recorded an income
tax benefit for $0.5 million and $2.6 million, respectively, of the $3.9 million
deferred tax liability related to the modification to the lives of these
distribution agreements.
As a result of the restructuring of the ownership of Playboy TV
International, LLC, or PTVI, in 2002, we acquired distribution agreements of
$3.4 million with a weighted average life of approximately four years and a
program supply agreement of $3.2 million with a life of 10 years. The weighted
average life of the aggregate of the definite-lived intangible assets acquired
was approximately seven years. We also acquired distribution agreements of $9.0
million, which were previously determined to be indefinite-lived. In 2006, we
modified the lives to 27 and one-half years, which did not materially impact our
results of operations.
48
The following table sets forth our amortizable intangible assets (in
thousands):
December 31, 2007 December 31, 2006
---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Gross Net Gross Net
Carrying Accumulated Carrying Carrying Accumulated Carrying
Amount Amortization Amount Amount Amortization Amount
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Noncompete agreements $ 14,000 $ 13,545 $ 455 $ 14,000 $ 13,415 $ 585
Distribution agreements 33,140 4,803 28,337 33,140 3,435 29,705
Program supply agreement 3,226 1,613 1,613 3,226 1,290 1,936
Trademark license
agreement 2,530 542 1,988 2,880 262 2,618
Copyrights 2,064 1,281 783 1,983 1,143 840
Other 420 409 11 420 348 72
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total amortizable
intangible assets $ 55,380 $ 22,193 $ 33,187 $ 55,649 $ 19,893 $ 35,756
======================================================================================================
At December 31, 2007 and 2006, our indefinite-lived intangible assets not
subject to amortization included goodwill of $133.6 million and $133.0 million,
respectively, and trademarks of $65.4 million and $63.7 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2007 and 2006, goodwill by reportable segment, reflected
entirely in the Entertainment Group, was $133.6 million and $133.0 million,
respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, the aggregate
amount of goodwill acquired was $0.6 million and $10.6 million, respectively.
The aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets with definite
lives for 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $2.3 million, $1.7 million and $1.9 million,
respectively. The aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets with
definite lives is expected to total approximately $2.2 million, $2.2 million,
$2.2 million, $2.1 million and $2.1 million for 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012,
respectively.
We conduct our annual impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived
intangible assets as of every October 1st. If the carrying amount of the asset
is not recoverable based on a forecasted-discounted cash flow analysis, such
asset would be reduced by the estimated shortfall of fair value to recorded
value. We must make assumptions regarding forecasted-discounted cash flows to
determine a reporting unit's estimated fair value. If these estimates or related
assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record an impairment
charge. Based upon our impairment testing, we determined that no impairments of
intangible assets existed as of October 1, 2007.
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144,
Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, we evaluate the
potential impairment of finite-lived acquired intangible assets when
appropriate. If the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable based on a
forecasted-undiscounted cash flow analysis, such asset would be reduced by the
estimated shortfall of fair value to recorded value.
Derivative Financial Instruments: We account for derivative instruments in
accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting
for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative
Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities, which requires all derivative
instruments to be recognized as either assets or liabilities in the balance
sheet at fair value regardless of the purpose or intent for holding the
derivative instrument. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a
derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated as and qualifies
as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of relationship.
We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and
hedged items, as well as our risk management objectives and strategies for
undertaking various hedge transactions. At December 31, 2007, we had derivative
instruments that have been designated as and qualify as cash flow hedges, which
are entered into in order to hedge the variability of cash flows to be received
related to forecasted royalty payments denominated in the yen and the euro. We
hedge these royalties with forward contracts for periods not exceeding 12
months. The fair value and carrying value of our forward contracts are not
material. Since these derivative instruments are designated and qualify as cash
flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative
instruments is being deferred and reported as a component of "Accumulated other
comprehensive loss" and is reclassified into earnings in the same line item
where the royalty revenue is recognized.
49
We had net unrealized losses of $0.1 million and net unrealized gains of
$0.1 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively, included in "Accumulated other
comprehensive loss," which represents the effective portion of changes in fair
value of the cash flow hedges. We do not expect any significant losses to be
reclassified from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" to earnings within the
next 12 months.
Earnings per Common Share: We compute basic and diluted earnings per
share, or EPS, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 128, Earnings per Share. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss)
applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS adjusts basic EPS for the
dilutive effects of stock options and other potentially dilutive financial
instruments. See Note (E), Earnings per Common Share.
Equity Investments: The equity method is used to account for our 19.0%
investment in Playboy TV-Latin America, LLC, or PTVLA, since we have the ability
to exercise influence over PTVLA.
Minority Interest: In 2001, our subsidiary Playboy.com, Inc., or
Playboy.com, issued $15.3 million of its Series A Preferred Stock, of which $5.0
million was purchased by Mr. Hefner. In connection with the restructuring of our
international TV joint ventures, we received the Playboy.com Series A Preferred
Stock that was owned by an affiliate of Claxson Interactive Group, Inc., or
Claxson. In 2005, we repurchased the remaining outstanding Playboy.com Series A
Preferred Stock that was held by Mr. Hefner and an unrelated third party for
$14.1 million. Included in this amount was $3.9 million of accrued dividends.
Pursuant to its terms, the Playboy.com Series A Preferred Stock was canceled,
retired and ceased to be outstanding as a result of the repurchases.
Subsequently, Playboy.com became a wholly owned subsidiary of ours.
Foreign Currency Translation: Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies
related to our international TV foreign operations were translated into U.S.
dollars at the exchange rate existing at the balance sheet date. The net
exchange differences resulting from these translations were included in
"Accumulated other comprehensive loss" on our Consolidated Statements of
Shareholders' Equity. Revenues and expenses were translated at average rates for
the period.
Transaction gains and losses that arise from foreign exchange rate
fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars,
except those transactions that operate as a hedge transaction, are included in
"Other, net" on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Foreign currency
transaction gains were $0.3 million and $0.1 million in 2007 and 2006,
respectively, and the foreign currency transaction loss was $0.3 million in
2005.
(B) ACQUISITION
In July 2001, we acquired The Hot Network and The Hot Zone networks,
together with the related television assets of Califa Entertainment Group, Inc.,
or Califa. In addition, we acquired the Vivid TV network and the related
television assets of V.O.D., Inc., or VODI, a separate entity owned by the
sellers. We collectively refer to Califa and VODI as the Califa acquisition.
These networks now operate as the Spice Digital Networks. The addition of these
networks into our movie networks portfolio enabled us to offer consumers a wider
range of adult programming. We accounted for the acquisition under the purchase
method of accounting. Accordingly, the results of these networks since the
acquisition date have been included in our Consolidated Statements of
Operations. In connection with the acquisition and purchase price allocations,
the Entertainment Group recorded goodwill of $27.4 million, which is deductible
over 15 years for income tax purposes. Future obligations were recorded at their
net present value and are reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a
component of current and noncurrent "Acquisition liabilities."
We recorded $30.8 million of intangible assets separate from goodwill
consisting of $28.5 million for distribution agreements and $2.3 million for
noncompete agreements. All of the noncompete agreements are being amortized over
approximately eight years, which are the weighted average lives of these
agreements. Distribution agreements of $7.5 million were amortized over
approximately two years, which were the weighted average lives of these
agreements. Distribution agreements of $21.0 million, which were previously
determined to be indefinite-lived, are now being amortized over their modified
useful lives of 27 and one-half years.
The total consideration for the acquisition was $70.0 million and is
required to be paid in installments over a 10-year period ending in 2011. The
nominal consideration for Califa's assets was $28.3 million. We also assumed the
obligations of Califa related to a note payable and noncompete liability. The
nominal consideration for VODI's assets was $41.7 million. We were obligated to
pay up to an additional $12.0 million in consideration upon the achievement of
specified financial performance targets, $5.0 million of which we paid on
February 28, 2003 and
50
$7.0 million of which we paid on March 1, 2004. The amounts were recorded at the
acquisition date as part of acquisition liabilities.
We may accelerate all or any portion of the remaining unpaid purchase
price, but only by making the accelerated payments in cash, at a discount rate
to be mutually agreed upon by the parties in good-faith negotiations. However,
if the parties are unable to agree on the discount rate, we may, at our sole
discretion, elect to accelerate the payment at a 12% discount rate.
The Califa acquisition agreement gave us the option of paying up to $71.0
million of the scheduled payments in cash or our Class B common stock, or Class
B stock. The number of shares, if any, we issue in connection with a particular
payment or particular payments is based on the trading prices of the Class B
stock surrounding the applicable payment dates. Prior to each scheduled payment
of consideration, we must provide the sellers with written notice specifying the
portion of the purchase price payment that we intend to pay in cash and the
portion in Class B stock. In each of 2007, 2006 and 2005, we paid the sellers
$8.0 million in cash. All remaining payments must also be made in cash.
The following table sets forth the remaining installments of
consideration, including interest (in thousands):
2008 $ 1,000
2009 1,000
2010 1,000
2011 750
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total future payments $ 3,750
================================================================================
See Note (N), Commitments and Contingencies, for additional information on
other future acquisition payments.
(C) RESTRUCTURING EXPENSE
In 2007, we implemented a plan to outsource our remaining e-commerce and
catalog businesses, to sell our Los Angeles production facility and to eliminate
office space obtained as part of the Club Jenna acquisition. As a result of this
restructuring plan, we recorded a charge of $0.4 million related to costs
associated with a workforce reduction of 28 employees. During 2007, we made cash
payments of $0.6 million related to prior years' restructuring plans.
Approximately $12.5 million of the total costs of our restructuring plans was
paid through December 31, 2007, with the remaining $0.5 million to be paid
during 2008.
In 2006, we recorded a charge of $2.1 million related to reducing overhead
costs and annual programming and editorial expenses.
The following table sets forth the activity and balances of our
restructuring reserves, which are included in "Other current liabilities and
accrued expenses" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, for the years ended
December 31, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
Consolidation
Workforce of Facilities
Reduction and Operations Total
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2005 $ -- $ 1,210 $ 1,210
Reserve recorded 2,103 -- 2,103
Adjustments to previous estimates -- (105) (105)
Other -- (574) (574)
Cash payments (1,673) (263) (1,936)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2006 430 268 698
Reserve recorded 429 -- 429
Adjustments to previous estimates 43 (27) 16
Cash payments (473) (127) (600)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2007 $ 429 $ 114 $ 543
===============================================================================
51
(D) INCOME TAXES
The following table sets forth the income tax provision (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current:
Federal $ (153) $ -- $ --
State 90 120 105
Foreign 2,845 1,509 1,361
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current 2,782 1,629 1,466
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred:
Federal 1,463 160 2,302
State 209 707 230
Foreign (2,526) -- --
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total deferred (854) 867 2,532
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total income tax provision $ 1,928 $ 2,496 $ 3,998
=======================================================================================================
The U.S. statutory tax rate applicable to us for each of 2007, 2006 and
2005 was 35%. The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the income
tax provision to the provision computed at the U.S. statutory tax rate (in
thousands):
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statutory rate tax provision $ 2,399 $ 1,673 $ 1,142
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
Foreign income and withholding tax on licensing income 2,845 1,509 1,629
State income taxes 194 158 335
Nondeductible expenses 218 175 295
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance (2,075) 1,327 2,632
Tax benefit of foreign taxes paid or accrued (2,541) (2,503) (1,843)
(Increase) decrease in state/foreign NOLs 1,749 (181) (188)
Expiration of NOL/capital loss carryforwards 1,217 -- --
Refund from amended federal return (2,150) -- --
Tax audit adjustment -- 281 --
Other 72 57 (4)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total income tax provision $ 1,928 $ 2,496 $ 3,998
=======================================================================================================
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future
tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement and
tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply in
the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
In 2006, we modified the assumptions related to the useful lives of
certain distribution agreements that previously were classified as
indefinite-lived. As these distribution agreements are now being amortized, the
deferred tax liability related to the distribution agreements that is expected
to be realized within the NOL carryforward period may be netted against our
deferred tax asset. In 2006, we recorded an income tax benefit for $2.6 million
of the $3.9 million deferred tax liability related to the distribution agreement
modification. In 2007, we recognized an additional income tax benefit of $0.5
million related to the distribution agreements.
In 2007, the valuation allowance decreased by $2.4 million as a result of
the realization of our U.K. NOLs and the effect of the deferred tax treatment of
certain acquired intangibles. In 2006, the valuation allowance increased by $1.9
million related to the realization of the deferred tax benefit of our NOLs and
foreign tax credits and the effect of the deferred tax treatment of certain
acquired intangibles. In 2005, the valuation allowance, as adjusted, increased
by $2.6 million related to the realization of the deferred tax benefit of our
NOLs and the effect of the deferred tax treatment of certain acquired
intangibles.
52
The following table sets forth the significant components of our deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities (in thousands):
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2007 2006
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax assets:
NOL carryforwards $ 48,513 $ 47,476
Capital loss carryforwards -- 1,629
Tax credit carryforwards 16,046 13,505
Temporary difference related to PTVI 5,720 6,651
Other deductible temporary differences 36,931 32,580
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total deferred tax assets 107,210 101,841
Valuation allowance (74,818) (77,180)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax assets 32,392 24,661
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred subscription acquisition costs (4,620) (4,808)
Intangible assets (31,004) (27,587)
Other taxable temporary differences (14,336) (10,688)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax liabilities (49,960) (43,083)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax liabilities, net $ (17,568) $ (18,422)
===============================================================================
At December 31, 2007, we had federal NOLs of $110.7 million expiring from
2008 through 2027, state and local NOLs of $91.0 million expiring from 2008
through 2027 and foreign NOLs of $9.0 million that have no expiration date. In
addition, foreign tax credit carryforwards of $15.0 million and minimum tax
credit carryforwards of $1.1 million are available to reduce future U.S. federal
income taxes. The foreign tax credit carryforwards expire in 2014 through 2017
and the minimum tax credit carryforwards have no expiration date.
On January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No.
48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB
Statement No. 109, or FIN 48. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we
recognized no material adjustment in the liability for unrecognized income tax
benefits.
Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and penalties related to
income tax matters in income tax expense.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the beginning and
ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, 2007 $ 7,978
Gross increases for tax positions of prior years --
Gross decreases for tax positions of prior years --
Settlements --
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2007 $ 7,978
===============================================================================
At December 31, 2007, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $8.0 million; we
do not expect this amount to change significantly over the next 12 months.
Because of the impact of deferred income tax accounting, the disallowance would
not affect the effective income tax rate nor would it accelerate the payment of
cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period.
The statute of limitations for tax years 2004 through 2007 remains open to
examination by the major U.S. taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. In
addition, for all tax years prior to 2004 generating an NOL, tax authorities can
adjust the amount of NOL. In our international tax jurisdictions, numerous tax
years remain subject to examination by tax authorities, including tax returns
for at least 2002 and subsequent years in all of our major international tax
jurisdictions.
53
(E) EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS
(in thousands, except per share amounts):
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Numerator:
For basic and diluted EPS - net income (loss) $ 4,925 $ 2,285 $ (735)
========================================================================================
Denominator:
For basic EPS - weighted average shares 33,246 33,171 33,163
Effect of dilutive potential common shares:
Employee stock options and other 35 105 --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dilutive potential common shares 35 105 --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For diluted EPS - weighted average shares 33,281 33,276 33,163
========================================================================================
Basic and diluted EPS $ 0.15 $ 0.07 $ (0.02)
========================================================================================
The following table sets forth the number of shares related to outstanding
options to purchase our Class B stock and the potential shares of Class B stock
contingently issuable under our 3.00% convertible senior subordinated notes due
2025, or convertible notes. These shares were not included in the computations
of diluted EPS for the years presented, as their inclusion would have been
antidilutive (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stock options 3,133 3,387 2,371
Convertible notes 6,758 6,758 6,758
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 9,891 10,145 9,129
========================================================================================
(F) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Value: The fair value of a financial instrument represents the amount
at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between
willing parties, other than in a forced sale or liquidation. For cash and cash
equivalents, receivables and certain other current assets, the amounts reported
approximated fair value due to their short-term nature. As described in Note
(L), Financing Obligations, in March 2005, we issued and sold in a private
placement $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of our convertible notes. As
of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the fair value of the convertible notes was
determined to be $103.9 million and $110.2 million, respectively. For foreign
currency forward contracts, the fair value was estimated using quoted market
prices established by financial institutions for comparable instruments, which
approximated the contracts' values.
Concentrations of Credit Risk: Concentration of credit risk with respect
to accounts receivable is limited due to the wide variety of customers to whom
and segments from which our products are sold and/or licensed.
54
(G) MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS
The following table sets forth marketable securities and investments (in
thousands):
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2007 2006
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marketable securities and short-term investments:
Cost of marketable securities $ 6,927 $ 5,753
Cost of short-term investments 6,000 3,000
Gross unrealized holding gains 25 341
Gross unrealized holding losses -- (94)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fair value of marketable securities
and short-term investments 12,952 9,000
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-term investments:
Cost of long-term investments 6,384 --
Gross unrealized holding gains 290 --
Gross unrealized holding losses (118) --
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fair value of long-term investments 6,556 --
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total marketable securities and investments $ 19,508 $ 9,000
===============================================================================
We had realized gains totaling $0.2 million, $31 thousand and $0.1
million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Included in "Comprehensive income
(loss)" were a net unrealized holding loss of $0.1 million, a net unrealized
holding gain of $0.1 million and a net unrealized holding loss of $24 thousand
for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. We recognized interest income of $2.5
million, $2.4 million and $2.2 million during 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
In December 2007, we purchased an investment in an enhanced cash portfolio
as a marketable security for $7.7 million. At December 31, 2007, due to adverse
market conditions, we determined that the market value of this investment was
other-than-temporarily impaired, and we recorded a charge of $0.1 million in
"Other, net" on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(H) INVENTORIES
The following table sets forth inventories, which are stated at the lower
of cost (specific cost and average cost) or fair value (in thousands):
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2007 2006
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paper $ 2,948 $ 2,917
Editorial and other prepublication costs 5,518 7,425
Merchandise finished goods 2,897 2,257
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total inventories $ 11,363 $ 12,599
===============================================================================
(I) ADVERTISING COSTS
At December 31, 2007 and 2006, advertising costs of $7.2 million and $7.3
million, respectively, were deferred and included in "Deferred subscription
acquisition costs" and "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" on our
Consolidated Balance Sheets. For 2007, 2006 and 2005, our advertising expense
was $28.0 million, $27.7 million and $25.8 million, respectively.
55
(J) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
The following table sets forth property and equipment, net (in thousands):
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2007 2006
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Land $ 292 $ 292
Buildings and improvements 8,775 8,773
Furniture and equipment 22,019 24,288
Leasehold improvements 13,002 13,670
Software 12,895 11,623
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total property and equipment 56,983 58,646
Accumulated depreciation (42,318) (41,239)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total property and equipment, net $ 14,665 $ 17,407
===============================================================================
(K) PROGRAMMING COSTS, NET
The following table sets forth programming costs, net (in thousands):
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2007 2006
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Released, less amortization $ 31,531 $ 43,228
Completed, not yet released 8,149 4,207
In-process 15,246 7,748
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total programming costs, net $ 54,926 $ 55,183
===============================================================================
Based on management's estimate of future total gross revenues at December
31, 2007, approximately 56% of the completed original programming costs is
expected to be amortized during 2008. We expect to amortize virtually all of the
released original programming costs during the next three years. At December 31,
2007, we had $13.0 million of film acquisition costs, which are typically
amortized using the straight-line method, generally over three years or less,
which is our estimate of the length of time during which we plan to re-air a
film or program on our television networks.
(L) FINANCING OBLIGATIONS
The following table sets forth financing obligations (in thousands):
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2007 2006
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Convertible senior subordinated notes, interest of 3.00% $ 115,000 $ 115,000
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total financing obligations $ 115,000 $ 115,000
===============================================================================
Debt Financing
In March 2005, we issued and sold $115.0 million aggregate principal
amount of our convertible notes, which included $15.0 million due to the initial
purchasers' exercise of the over-allotment option. The net proceeds of
approximately $110.3 million from the issuance and sale of the convertible
notes, after deducting the initial purchasers' discount and offering expenses,
were used, together with available cash, (a) to complete a tender offer and
consent solicitation for, and to purchase and retire all of the $80.0 million
outstanding principal amount of the 11.00% senior secured notes, or senior
secured notes, issued by our subsidiary PEI Holdings, Inc., or Holdings, for a
total of approximately $95.2 million, including the bond tender premium and
consent fee of $14.9 million and other expenses of $0.3 million, (b) to purchase
381,971 shares of our Class B stock for an aggregate purchase price of $5.0
million concurrently with the sale of the convertible notes and (c) for working
capital and general corporate purposes.
The convertible notes bear interest at a rate of 3.00% per annum on the
principal amount of the notes, payable in arrears on March 15th and September
15th of each year, payment of which began on September 15, 2005. In addition,
under certain circumstances beginning in 2012, if the trading price of the
convertible notes exceeds a
56
specified threshold during a prescribed measurement period prior to any
semi-annual interest period, contingent interest will become payable on the
convertible notes for that semi-annual interest period at an annual rate of
0.25% per annum.
The convertible notes are convertible into cash and, if applicable, shares
of our Class B stock based on an initial conversion rate, subject to adjustment,
of 58.7648 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the convertible notes (which
represents an initial conversion price of approximately $17.02 per share) only
under the following circumstances: (a) during any fiscal quarter after the
fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2005, if the closing sale price of our Class B
stock for each of 20 or more consecutive trading days in a period of 30
consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately
preceding fiscal quarter exceeds 130% of the conversion price in effect on that
trading day; (b) during the five business day period after any five consecutive
trading day period in which the average trading price per $1,000 principal
amount of convertible notes over that five consecutive trading day period was
equal to or less than 95% of the average conversion value of the convertible
notes during that period; (c) upon the occurrence of specified corporate
transactions, as set forth in the indenture governing the convertible notes; or
(d) if we have called the convertible notes for redemption. Upon conversion of a
convertible note, a holder will receive cash in an amount equal to the lesser of
the aggregate conversion value of the note being converted and the aggregate
principal amount of the note being converted. If the aggregate conversion value
of the convertible note being converted is greater than the cash amount received
by the holder, the holder will also receive an amount in whole shares of Class B
stock equal to the aggregate conversion value less the cash amount received by
the holder. A holder will receive cash in lieu of any fractional shares of Class
B stock. The maximum conversion rate, subject to adjustment, is 76.3942 shares
per $1,000 principal amount of the convertible notes.
The convertible notes mature on March 15, 2025. On or after March 15,
2010, if the closing price of our Class B stock exceeds a specified threshold,
we may redeem any of the convertible notes at a redemption price in cash equal
to 100% of the principal amount of the convertible notes, plus any accrued and
unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the redemption date. On or after March 15,
2012, we may at any time redeem any of the convertible notes at the same
redemption price. On each of March 15, 2012, March 15, 2015 and March 15, 2020,
or upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, as specified in the indenture
governing the convertible notes, holders may require us to purchase all or a
portion of their convertible notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 100% of
the principal amount of the notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest up to,
but excluding, the purchase date.
The convertible notes are unsecured senior subordinated obligations of
Playboy Enterprises, Inc. and rank junior to all of the issuer's senior debt,
including its guarantee of Holdings' borrowings under our credit facility;
equally with all of the issuer's future senior subordinated debt; and, senior to
all of the issuer's future subordinated debt. In addition, the assets of the
issuer's subsidiaries are subject to the prior claims of all creditors,
including trade creditors, of those subsidiaries.
Credit Facility
We amended our $50.0 million credit facility effective September 28, 2007.
The agreement provides for revolving borrowings, the issuance of letters of
credit or a combination of both of up to $50.0 million outstanding at any time.
The borrowing rates and financial covenants contained in the amendment did not
change materially, but we obtained additional flexibility in other restrictive
covenants. Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at a variable
rate, equal to a specified LIBOR or base rate plus a specified borrowing margin
based on our Adjusted EBITDA, as defined in the credit agreement. We pay fees on
the outstanding amount of letters of credit based on the margin that applies to
borrowings that bear interest at a rate based on LIBOR. All amounts outstanding
under the credit facility will mature on September 28, 2010. The obligations of
Holdings as borrower under the credit facility are guaranteed by us and each of
our other U.S. subsidiaries. The obligations of the borrower and nearly all of
the guarantors under the credit facility are secured by a first-priority lien on
substantially all of the borrower's and the guarantors' assets. At December 31,
2007, there were no borrowings and $10.6 million in letters of credit
outstanding under this facility, resulting in $39.4 million of available
borrowings under this facility.
(M) BENEFIT PLANS
Our Employees Investment Savings Plan is a defined contribution plan
consisting of two components: a profit sharing plan and a 401(k) plan. The
profit sharing plan covers all employees who have completed 12 months of service
of at least 1,000 hours. Our discretionary contribution to the profit sharing
plan is distributed to each eligible employee's account in an amount equal to
the ratio of each eligible employee's compensation, subject to Internal
57
Revenue Service limitations, to the total compensation paid to all such
employees. Total contributions for 2007, 2006 and 2005 related to this plan were
$0.5 million, $0.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
Eligible employees may participate in our 401(k) plan upon their date of
hire. Our 401(k) plan offers several mutual fund investment options. The
purchase of our stock is not an option. We make matching contributions to our
401(k) plan based on each participating employee's contributions and eligible
compensation. Our matching contribution expense for 2007, 2006 and 2005 related
to this plan were $1.4 million, $1.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively.
We have two nonqualified deferred compensation plans, which permit certain
employees and all nonemployee directors to annually elect to defer a portion of
their compensation. A match is provided to employees who participate in the
deferred compensation plan, at a certain specified minimum level, and whose
annual eligible earnings exceed the salary limitation contained in the 401(k)
plan. All amounts contributed and earnings credited under these plans are
general unsecured obligations. Such obligations totaled $6.7 million and $6.2
million at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, and are
included in "Other noncurrent liabilities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We currently maintain a practice of paying a separation allowance under
our salary continuation policy to employees with at least five years of
continuous service who voluntarily terminate employment with us and are at age
60 or thereafter, which is not funded. Payments in 2007, 2006 and 2005 under
this policy were approximately $0.6 million, $0.3 million and $0.2 million,
respectively. In 2007, 2006 and 2005 we recorded expenses, based on actuarial
estimates, of $0.5 million, $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
We adopted the recognition and related disclosure provisions of Statement
158 effective December 31, 2006, with the projected benefit obligation reflected
in "Other current liabilities and accrued expenses" and "Other noncurrent
liabilities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2007 and 2006,
the accumulated benefit obligation was $3.0 million and $3.7 million,
respectively. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, the projected benefit obligation
was $4.0 million and $5.1 million, respectively. Our estimated future benefit
payments are $0.6 million, $0.6 million, $0.7 million, $0.7 million and $0.7
million for 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, and $3.7 million for
the five-year period ending December 31, 2017. The assumptions we used to
compute the 2007 projected benefit obligation included a discount rate of 6.25%
and a rate of compensation increase of 4.00%.
(N) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Our principal lease commitments are for office space, operations
facilities and furniture and equipment. Some of these leases contain renewal or
end-of-lease purchase options.
Rent expense was $15.1 million, $15.4 million and $14.7 million in 2007,
2006 and 2005, respectively. There was no sublease income or contingent rent
expense in 2007, 2006 and 2005.
The following table sets forth the minimum future commitments at December
31, 2007, under operating leases with initial or remaining noncancelable terms
in excess of one year (in thousands):
2008 $ 12,387
2009 9,131
2010 9,222
2011 9,354
2012 9,238
Later years 58,502
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum lease commitments $ 107,834
===============================================================================
Our entertainment programming is delivered to DTH and cable operators
through communications satellite transponders. At December 31, 2007, we had four
transponder service agreements related to our domestic networks, the terms of
which extend through 2008, 2013, 2013 and 2014. See Note (T), Subsequent Events.
We also had two international transponder service agreements, the terms of which
extend through 2009. At December 31, 2007, future commitments related to these
six agreements were $7.2 million, $5.4 million, $3.5 million, $3.5 million and
$3.5 million for 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, and $3.9 million
thereafter.
58
In 2006, we recorded a charge of $1.8 million, based on an agreement in
principle, for the settlement of litigation with Directrix, Inc., or Directrix.
The settlement amount was paid in the third quarter of 2007. The settlement was
a compromise of disputed claims and was not an admission of liability. We
believe that we had good defenses against Directrix's claims, but made the
reasonable business decision to settle the litigation to avoid further
management distraction and defense costs, which we had estimated would have
approximately equaled the amount of the settlement.
In 2006, we acquired Club Jenna, Inc. and related companies, a multimedia
adult entertainment business, to complement our existing television, online and
DVD businesses. We paid $7.7 million at closing and $1.6 million in 2007 with
additional payments, which include interest, of $1.7 million, $2.3 million and
$4.3 million required in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Pursuant to the
acquisition agreement, we are also obligated to make future contingent earnout
payments based primarily on sales of existing content of the acquired business
over a 10-year period and on content produced by the acquired business during
the five-year period after the closing of the acquisition. If the required
performance benchmarks are achieved, any contingent earnout payments will be
recorded as additional purchase price. In 2007 and 2006, no earnout payments
were earned.
In 2005, we acquired an affiliate network of websites to complement our
existing online business. We paid $8.0 million at closing and $2.0 million in
each of 2006 and 2007. Pursuant to the asset purchase agreement, we are also
obligated to make future contingent earnout payments over the five-year period
commencing January 1, 2005, based primarily on the financial performance of the
acquired business. If the required performance benchmarks are achieved, any
contingent earnout payments will be recorded as additional purchase price and/or
compensation expense. During 2007 and 2006, earnout payments of $0.1 million
were made each year and recorded as additional purchase price.
In 2002, a $4.4 million verdict was entered against us by a state trial
court in Texas in a lawsuit with a former publishing licensee. We terminated the
license in 1998 due to the licensee's failure to pay royalties and other amounts
due us under the license agreement. We appealed and the State Appellate Court
reversed the judgment by the trial court, rendered judgment for us on the
majority of plaintiffs' claims and remanded the remaining claims for a new
trial. We filed a petition for review with the Texas Supreme Court. On January
25, 2008, the Texas Supreme Court denied our petition for review. On February 8,
2008, we filed a petition for rehearing with the Texas Supreme Court. We posted
a bond in the amount of approximately $9.4 million, which represented the amount
of the judgment, costs and estimated pre- and post-judgment interest. We, on
advice of legal counsel, believe that it is not probable that a material
judgment against us will be obtained and have not recorded a liability for this
case in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5,
Accounting for Contingencies.
(O) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We have stock plans for key employees and nonemployee directors, which
provide for the grant of nonqualified and incentive stock options and/or shares
of restricted stock units, deferred stock and other equity awards in our Class B
stock. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which is composed
entirely of independent nonemployee directors, administers all the plans. These
plans are designed to further our growth, development and financial success by
providing key employees with strong additional incentives to maximize long-term
stockholder value. The Compensation Committee believes that this objective can
be best achieved through assisting key employees to become owners of our stock,
which aligns their interests with our interests. As stockholders, key employees
will benefit directly from our growth, development and financial success. These
plans also enable us to attract and retain the services of those executives whom
we consider essential to our long-range success by providing these executives
with a competitive compensation package and an opportunity to become owners of
our stock. At December 31, 2007, we had 3,103,484 shares of our Class B stock
available for grant under these plans.
Stock options, exercisable for shares of our Class B stock, generally vest
ratably over a three- to four-year period from the grant date and expire 10
years from the grant date.
The 2005 and 2006 grants of restricted stock units provide for the
issuance of our Class B stock if three-year cumulative operating income target
thresholds are met. The 2007 restricted stock unit grants provide for the
issuance of our Class B stock if two-year cumulative operating income target
thresholds are met; grants are also subject to an additional one-year service
requirement for the units to vest. If the operating income minimum threshold
established for each grant is not achieved, the restricted stock units for that
grant are forfeited.
59
One of our stock plans pertaining to nonemployee directors also allows for
the issuance or deferral of our Class B stock as awards and payments for
retainer, committee and meeting fees.
We also have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, that provides
substantially all regular full- and part-time employees an opportunity to
purchase shares of our Class B stock through payroll deductions. The funds are
withheld and then used to acquire stock on the last trading day of each quarter,
based on that day's closing price less a 15% discount. ESPP expense is reflected
in "Selling and administrative expenses" on our Consolidated Statements of
Operations and the proceeds are reflected in "Proceeds from stock-based
compensation" on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. At December 31,
2007, we had 71,275 shares of our Class B stock available for purchase under
this plan.
Valuation Information
Upon adoption of Statement 123(R), we began estimating the value of stock
options on the date of grant using the Lattice Binomial model, or Lattice model.
Prior to the adoption of Statement 123(R), the value of each employee stock
option was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model for the
purpose of pro forma financial information in accordance with Statement 123.
This change was made in order to provide a better estimate of fair value since
the Lattice model is a more flexible method for valuing employee stock options
than the Black-Scholes model. The Lattice model requires extensive analysis of
actual exercise behavior data and a number of complex assumptions including
expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividends and option
cancellations.
The following table sets forth the assumptions used for the Lattice model
in 2007 and 2006 and the Black-Scholes model in 2005:
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected volatility 25% - 41% 29% - 43% 46%
Weighted average volatility 34% 38% 46%
Risk-free interest rate 4.67% - 5.04% 4.32% - 5.16% 3.80% - 4.18%
Expected dividends -- -- --
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The expected life of stock options represents the weighted average period
the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is a derived output of
the Lattice model. The expected life of stock options is impacted by all of the
underlying assumptions and calibration of the Lattice model. The Lattice model
assumes that exercise behavior is a function of the option's remaining
contractual life and the extent to which the option's fair market value exceeds
the exercise price. The Lattice model estimates the probability of exercise as a
function of these two variables based upon the entire history of exercises and
vested cancellations on all past option grants.
The weighted average expected life for options granted during 2007 and
2006 using the Lattice model was 6.3 years and 5.9 years, respectively, and the
weighted average expected life for options granted during 2005 using the
Black-Scholes model was 6.0 years. The weighted average fair value per share for
stock options granted during 2007 and 2006 using the Lattice model was $4.64 and
$6.03, respectively, and the weighted average fair value per share for stock
options granted during 2005 using the Black-Scholes model was $5.85.
Stock Option Activity
The following table sets forth stock option activity for the year ended
December 31, 2007:
Weighted
Average
Number of Exercise
Shares Price
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2006 3,682,416 $ 15.68
Granted 160,000 10.61
Canceled (296,166) 13.96
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 3,546,250 $ 15.60
===============================================================================
60
During 2007, there were no exercises of stock options. The aggregate
intrinsic value for options exercised during 2006 was $0.1 million. The
aggregate intrinsic value for options exercised during 2005 was $0.5 million.
At December 31, 2007, the weighted average remaining contractual lives of
options outstanding and options exercisable were 4.8 years and 3.9 years,
respectively. At December 31, 2007, the number of options exercisable was
2,838,417 and the weighted average exercise price per share of options
exercisable was $16.36.
There were no aggregate intrinsic values related to options outstanding
and options exercisable at December 31, 2007.
The following table sets forth the activity and balances of our stock
options not yet vested for the year ended December 31, 2007:
Weighted
Average
Number of Grant-Date
Shares Fair Value
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2006 1,068,666 $ 6.14
Granted 160,000 4.64
Vested (422,333) 6.40
Canceled (98,500) 6.35
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 707,833 $ 5.61
====================================================================================
The total fair value of options vested in 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $2.7
million, $3.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
The following table sets forth stock-based compensation expense related to
stock options and to our ESPP for 2007 and 2006 and pro forma amounts for 2005
(in thousands, except per share amounts):
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stock options $ 1,131 $ 3,141 $ 2,950
ESPP 29 29 16
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 1,160 $ 3,170 $ 2,966
=====================================================================================
Net income (loss)
As reported $ 4,925 $ 2,285 $ (735)
Fair value of stock-based compensation
excluded from net loss, gross (2,966)
--------
Pro forma $ (3,701)
========
Basic and diluted EPS
As reported $ 0.15 $ 0.07 $ (0.02)
Pro forma $ (0.11)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At December 31, 2007, there was $2.1 million of unrecognized stock-based
compensation expense related to non-vested stock options, which will be
recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years.
Restricted Stock Unit Activity
At December 31, 2007, we had 433,875 restricted stock units outstanding,
none of which were vested, and all of which were performance-based awards
contingent upon meeting certain performance goals.
61
The following table sets forth the activity and balances of our restricted
stock units for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005:
Weighted
Average
Number of Grant-Date
Shares Fair Value
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2004 164,000 $ 13.96
Granted 182,000 11.90
Canceled (27,000) 12.42
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2005 319,000 12.91
Granted 233,500 13.51
Forfeited (112,000) 14.23
Canceled (107,500) 13.34
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2006 333,000 12.75
Granted 250,625 10.61
Forfeited (121,000) 11.86
Canceled (28,750) 13.25
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 433,875 $ 11.73
===============================================================================
In 2007, we issued 250,625 shares of restricted stock units at a weighted
average fair value per share of $10.61, and 1,250 of these shares were canceled
during the year. We have estimated that it is probable that the performance
criteria for this grant will be met, and we recorded $0.5 million of
compensation expense in 2007 related to this grant. Also, we determined that the
minimum threshold associated with the 2005 grants was not achieved and those
grants were forfeited. As of December 31, 2007, there was $1.6 million of
unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted
stock units to be recognized in future periods.
In 2006, we determined that the minimum threshold associated with the 2004
grants was not achieved and those grants were forfeited. Also in 2006, we
determined that it was unlikely that the minimum threshold associated with the
2005 and 2006 grants would be met. Therefore, in 2006 we reversed $1.9 million
of stock-based compensation expense, which included $0.6 million and $0.7
million that was recorded in 2005 and 2004, respectively, related to the 2004
and 2005 restricted stock unit grants. As of December 31, 2006, there was no
unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted
stock units to be recognized in future periods.
Other Equity Awards
We issued 17,806 shares of our Class B stock during 2007 related to other
equity awards. Stock-based compensation expense related to other equity awards
was $0.2 million, $0.6 million and $0.2 million for 2007, 2006 and 2005,
respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Stock-based compensation expense related to our ESPP was $29 thousand for
each of 2007 and 2006 and $16 thousand for 2005.
Income Taxes
On November 10, 2005, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 123(R)-3,
Transition Election Related to Accounting for Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment
Awards, or Staff Position 123(R)-3. We have elected to adopt the alternative
transition method provided in Staff Position 123(R)-3 for calculating the tax
effects of stock-based compensation pursuant to Statement 123(R). The
alternative transition method simplifies the calculation of the beginning
balance of the additional paid-in capital pool, or APIC pool, related to the tax
effect of employee stock-based compensation. This method also has subsequent
impact on the APIC pool and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows relating to
the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation awards that are outstanding
upon adoption of Statement 123(R).
62
Under Statement 123(R), the income tax effects of share-based payments are
recognized for financial reporting purposes only if such awards would result in
deductions on our income tax returns. The settlement of share-based payments to
date that would have resulted in an excess tax benefit would have increased our
existing NOL carryforward. Under Statement 123(R), no excess tax benefits
resulting from the settlement of a share-based payment can result in a tax
deduction before realization of the tax benefit; i.e., the recognition of excess
tax benefits cannot be recorded until the excess benefit reduces current income
taxes payable. Additionally, as a result of our existing NOL carryforward
position, no excess tax benefits relating to share-based payments have been
recorded for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
(P) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
The following table sets forth cash paid for interest and income taxes (in
thousands):
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest $ 5,042 $ 5,308 $ 8,615
Income taxes $ 2,166 $ 1,976 $ 2,416
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Q) SEGMENT INFORMATION
Our businesses are currently organized into the following three reportable
segments: Entertainment, Publishing and Licensing. Entertainment Group
operations include the production and marketing of television programming for
our domestic and international TV businesses, web-based entertainment
experiences, wireless content distribution, e-commerce, DVD products and
satellite radio under the Playboy, Spice and other brand names. Publishing Group
operations include the publication of Playboy magazine, special editions and
other domestic publishing businesses, including books and calendars, and the
licensing of international editions of Playboy magazine. Licensing Group
operations include the licensing of consumer products carrying one or more of
our trademarks and/or images, third-party owned and operated Playboy-branded
retail stores, multifaceted location-based entertainment venues and certain
revenue-generating marketing activities.
These reportable segments are based on the nature of the products offered.
Our chief operating decision maker evaluates performance and allocates resources
based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is segment
operating results. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the
same as those described in Note (A), Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
63
The following table sets forth financial information by reportable
segment (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
Ended Ended Ended
12/31/07 12/31/06 12/31/05
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net revenues (1)
Entertainment $ 203,065 $ 201,068 $ 203,994
Publishing 93,774 97,078 106,513
Licensing 43,001 32,996 27,646
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 339,840 $ 331,142 $ 338,153
=============================================================================================
Income before income taxes (2)
Entertainment $ 21,291 $ 23,299 $ 41,130
Publishing (7,568) (5,374) (6,471)
Licensing 26,432 18,927 15,969
Corporate Administration and Promotion (28,159) (25,768) (19,632)
Restructuring expense (445) (1,998) (149)
Impairment charge on assets held for sale (1,508) -- --
Gains on disposal -- 29 14
Nonoperating expenses (3,190) (4,334) (27,598)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 6,853 $ 4,781 $ 3,263
=============================================================================================
Depreciation and amortization (3), (4)
Entertainment $ 39,453 $ 41,056 $ 41,603
Publishing 297 190 159
Licensing 94 28 13
Corporate Administration and Promotion 1,354 944 765
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 41,198 $ 42,218 $ 42,540
=============================================================================================
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2007 2006
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identifiable assets (3), (5)
Entertainment $ 287,940 $ 288,540
Publishing 35,320 38,146
Licensing 11,560 9,386
Corporate Administration and Promotion 110,336 99,711
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 445,156 $ 435,783
===============================================================================
(1) Net revenues include revenues attributable to foreign countries of
approximately $113,139, $96,238 and $89,731 in 2007, 2006 and 2005,
respectively. Revenues from the U.K. were $39,066, $39,330 and $34,451 in
2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. No other individual foreign country's
revenue was material. Revenues are generally attributed to countries based
on the location of customers, except licensing royalties for which
revenues are attributed based upon the location of licensees.
(2) Income before income taxes includes income attributable to foreign
countries of approximately $6,617, $3,664 and $1,453 in 2007, 2006 and
2005, respectively.
(3) The majority of our property and equipment and capital expenditures are
reflected in Corporate Administration and Promotion; depreciation,
however, is partially allocated to the reportable segments.
(4) Amounts include depreciation of property and equipment, amortization of
intangible assets and amortization of investments in entertainment
programming.
(5) Our long-lived assets located in foreign countries were not material.
(R) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In 1971, we purchased the Playboy Mansion in Los Angeles, California,
where Mr. Hefner lives. The Playboy Mansion is used for various corporate
activities and serves as a valuable location for television production, magazine
photography and for online, advertising and sales events. It also enhances our
image, as we host many charitable and civic functions. The Playboy Mansion
generates substantial publicity and recognition, which increase public awareness
of us and our products and services. Mr. Hefner pays us rent for that portion of
the Playboy Mansion used exclusively for his and his personal guests' residence
as well as the per-unit value of non-business meals, beverages and other
benefits received by him and his personal guests. The Playboy Mansion is
included in
64
our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2007 and 2006 at a net book
value, including all improvements and after accumulated depreciation, of $1.4
million and $1.6 million, respectively. The operating expenses of the Playboy
Mansion, including depreciation and taxes, were $2.8 million, $2.1 million and
$3.1 million for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, net of rent received from
Mr. Hefner. We estimated the sum of the rent and other benefits payable for 2007
to be $0.7 million, and Mr. Hefner paid that amount during 2007. The actual rent
and other benefits paid for 2006 and 2005 were $0.8 million and $1.1 million,
respectively.
Holly Madison, Bridget Marquardt and Kendra Wilkinson, the stars of The
Girls Next Door on E! Entertainment Television, reside in the mansion with Mr.
Hefner. The value of rent, food and beverage and other personal benefits for the
use of the Playboy Mansion by Ms. Madison, Ms. Marquardt and Ms. Wilkinson is
charged to Alta Loma Entertainment, our production company. The aggregate amount
of these charges in 2007 was $0.4 million. In addition, each of Ms. Madison, Ms.
Marquardt and Ms. Wilkinson receives payments for services rendered on our
behalf, including appearance fees.
In 2005, we repurchased the remaining outstanding Playboy.com Series A
Preferred Stock that was held by Mr. Hefner and an unrelated third party. These
shares were part of $15.3 million issued by our subsidiary Playboy.com in 2001,
of which $5.0 million was purchased by Mr. Hefner. See Note (A), Summary of
Significant Accounting Policies.
(S) QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
The following table sets forth a summary of the unaudited quarterly
results of operations for 2007 and 2006 (in thousands, except share amounts):
Quarters Ended
-----------------------------------------
2007 Mar. 31 June 30 Sept. 30 Dec. 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net revenues $ 85,415 $ 85,652 $ 82,858 $ 85,915
Operating income (loss) 3,885 3,853 4,137 (1,832)
Net income (loss) 1,474 1,911 2,595 (1,055)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share (1) 0.04 0.06 0.08 (0.03)
Common stock price:
Class A high 12.30 12.10 11.91 11.93
Class A low 9.80 9.46 8.92 8.33
Class B high 11.79 11.69 11.94 12.00
Class B low $ 9.90 $ 9.72 $ 10.15 $ 8.87
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quarters Ended
-----------------------------------------
2006 Mar. 31 June 30 Sept. 30 Dec. 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net revenues $ 82,120 $ 80,477 $ 82,297 $ 86,248
Operating income (loss) 3,531 (1,224) 3,716 3,092
Net income (loss) 789 (3,307) 1,137 3,666
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share (1) 0.02 (0.10) 0.03 0.11
Common stock price:
Class A high 13.40 13.03 9.85 12.29
Class A low 12.20 8.30 8.71 9.35
Class B high 15.50 14.50 10.20 12.65
Class B low $ 12.85 $ 8.90 $ 9.02 $ 9.16
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Quarterly and year-to-date computations of per share amounts are made
independently; therefore, the sum of per share amounts for the quarters
may not equal per share amounts for the year.
Operating income (loss) for the quarters ended June 30, 2007, December 31,
2007 and June 30, 2006 included restructuring expense of $0.1 million, $0.4
million and $1.9 million, respectively. See Note (C), Restructuring Expense. The
quarter ended December 31, 2007 also included a $1.5 million impairment charge
on assets held for sale. See Note (T), Subsequent Events.
65
(T) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On January 15, 2008, we signed an agreement to outsource our Playboy and
BUNNYshop e-commerce and catalog businesses to eFashions Solutions, LLC, or
eFashions. The agreement grants eFashions a license to market, promote and
distribute certain branded, unbranded and co-branded goods through catalogs and
the Internet. Under the terms of the agreement, we will receive royalties from
eFashions based on our contractual share of sales and advertising revenues
generated by the e-commerce and catalog businesses. We will rely on eFashions to
operate these businesses. We anticipate that by the second quarter of 2008, we
will no longer be operating these businesses although we retain significant
creative control. The foregoing description of the terms of the outsourcing
agreement is a summary and by its nature is incomplete. For further information
regarding the terms and conditions of the agreement, reference is made to the
text of the agreement, which will be filed as an exhibit to our quarterly report
on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008.
We are currently negotiating the sale of the assets related to our Los
Angeles production facility. Our need for the facility has significantly
decreased since its inception, and we forecast that the need for linear network
transmission capacity will continue to decrease over the next several years. We
recorded a $1.5 million charge on assets held for sale in 2007. In connection
with the sale of such assets, we expect to enter into an agreement to sublet the
entirety of the leased operating facility in Los Angeles, California to the
buyer of the assets related to our Los Angeles production facility assets.
Also in connection with the sale of such assets, we expect to enter into a
services agreement under which the buyer of the assets related to our Los
Angeles production facility will provide us with certain satellite transmission
services and other related services (including compression, uplinking and
downlinking) for our standard definition cable channels. If we launch high
definition cable channels during the term of the agreement, we expect the buyer
will also provide such services for our high definition channels.
We expect the sale of the assets to close during March or April of 2008 on
substantially the terms described above. The foregoing description of the terms
of the transaction is a summary and by its nature is incomplete. The
transactions will be subject to other terms and conditions which will be
contained in the definitive agreements to be signed by the parties.
66
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets of Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. and subsidiaries, or the Company, as of December 31, 2007 and
2006, and the related Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated
Statements of Shareholders' Equity, and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. Our audits
also included the financial statement schedule listed in the index of Part IV,
Item 15. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at
December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the consolidated results of its operations and
its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in
our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in
relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in
all material respects the information set forth therein.
As described in Note (D) to the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board
Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an
interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 effective January 1, 2007, and as
described in Note (A) to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the
Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R),
Share-Based Payments effective January 1, 2006, and certain provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers' Accounting for
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans-an amendment of FASB
Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R) as of December 31, 2006.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria
established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March
11, 2008, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chicago, Illinois
March 11, 2008
67
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Disclosure
- --------------------
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
- --------------------------------
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the
effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined
in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2007. Based on that evaluation,
our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as
of December 31, 2007, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
(b) Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate
internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control system was designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Under the supervision of and with the participation of our management,
including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted
an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this evaluation, management used
the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework, issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our
evaluation, our management believes that our internal control over financial
reporting is effective as of December 31, 2007.
Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, who
audited and reported on the consolidated financial statements included in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on the
effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as
stated in their report which is included herein.
68
(c) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal
Control Over Financial Reporting
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
We have audited Playboy Enterprises, Inc.'s internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in
Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Playboy
Enterprises, Inc.'s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal
control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting included in Management's Annual Report
on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on the company's internal control over financial reporting based on
our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all
material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal
control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness
exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of
internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our
audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process
designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal
control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1)
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and
fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;
(2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial
reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any
evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that
controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the
degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Playboy Enterprises, Inc. maintained, in all material
respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2007, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Consolidated Balance
Sheets of Playboy Enterprises, Inc. as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the
related Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Statements of
Shareholders' Equity, and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 of Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
and our report dated March 11, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chicago, Illinois
March 11, 2008
69
(d) Change in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial
reporting during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2007, that have
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal
control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
- --------------------------
None.
70
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
The information required by Item 10 is included in our Proxy Statement (to
be filed) relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in May 2008,
which will be filed within 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended
December 31, 2007, and is incorporated herein by reference, pursuant to General
Instruction G(3).
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our Chief Executive
Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Controller. That code is part of
our Code of Business Conduct, which is available free of charge through our
website, PlayboyEnterprises.com, and is available in print to any shareholder
who sends a request for a paper copy to: Investor Relations, Playboy
Enterprises, Inc., 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611. We
intend to include on our website any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision
of the Code of Business Conduct that applies to our Chief Executive Officer,
Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Controller that relates to any element of
the code of ethics definition enumerated in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
- -------------------------------
The information required by Item 11 is included in our Proxy Statement (to
be filed) relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in May 2008,
which will be filed within 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended
December 31, 2007, and is incorporated herein by reference (excluding the Report
of the Compensation Committee and the Performance Graph), pursuant to General
Instruction G(3).
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Related Stockholder Matters
- ---------------------------
The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding options
and shares reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2007:
Class B Common Stock
-------------------------------------------------------
Weighted
Average Exercise Number of Shares
Number of Options Price of Options Remaining for
Outstanding Outstanding Future Issuance
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total equity compensation plans approved by
security holders 3,546,250 $15.60 3,103,484
========================================================================================================
The other information required by Item 12 is included in our Proxy
Statement (to be filed) relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be
held in May 2008, which will be filed within 120 days after the close of our
fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, and is incorporated herein by reference,
pursuant to General Instruction G(3).
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Independence
- ------------
The information required by Item 13 is included in our Proxy Statement (to
be filed) relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in May 2008,
which will be filed within 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended
December 31, 2007, and is incorporated herein by reference, pursuant to General
Instruction G(3).
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
- -----------------------------------------------
The information required by Item 14 is included in our Proxy Statement (to
be filed) relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in May 2008,
which will be filed within 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended
December 31, 2007, and is incorporated herein by reference, pursuant to General
Instruction G(3).
71
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
- ---------------------------------------------------
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND EXHIBITS
Page
----
(1) Financial Statements
Our Financial Statements and Supplementary Data following are as set
forth under Part II. Item 8. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
Consolidated Statements of Operations - Fiscal Years Ended
December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 42
Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 2007 and 2006 43
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - Fiscal Years
Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 44
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Fiscal Years Ended
December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 45
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 46
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 67
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 73
All other schedules have been omitted because they are not required
or applicable or because the required information is shown in the
Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits
See Exhibit Index, which appears at the end of this document and
which is incorporated herein by reference.
72
PLAYBOY ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
===================================================================================================================================
COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C COLUMN D COLUMN E
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additions
---------------------------------
Balance at Charged to Charged to Balance at
Beginning Costs and Other End
Description of Period Expenses Accounts Deductions of Period
- ----------------------------------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------
Allowance deducted in the balance sheet
from the asset to which it applies:
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 3,688 $ 1,465 $ 823(1) $ 2,349(2) $ 3,627
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Allowance for returns $ 24,652 $ -- $ 35,167(3) $ 37,921(4) $ 21,898
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance $ 77,180 $ -- $ -- $ 2,362(5) $ 74,818
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2006:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 3,883 $ 592 $ 144(1) $ 931(2) $ 3,688
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Allowance for returns $ 27,777 $ 242 $ 41,322(3) $ 44,689(4) $ 24,652
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance $ 75,295 $ 1,327(6) $ 558(7) $ -- $ 77,180
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2005:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 3,897 $ 890 $ 706(1) $ 1,610(2) $ 3,883
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Allowance for returns $ 28,284 $ 260 $ 44,960(3) $ 45,727(4) $ 27,777
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance $ 72,663 $ 2,632(6) $ -- $ -- $ 75,295
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Notes:
(1) Primarily represents provisions for unpaid subscriptions charged to net
revenues.
(2) Primarily represents uncollectible accounts written off less recoveries.
(3) Represents provisions charged to net revenues for estimated returns of
Playboy magazine, other domestic publishing products and domestic DVD
products.
(4) Represents settlements on provisions previously recorded.
(5) Primarily represents noncash foreign income tax benefit related to
decreasing the valuation allowance.
(6) Represents noncash federal income tax expense related to increasing the
valuation allowance.
(7) Represents noncash federal tax adjustment related to the adoption of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers' Accounting
for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans-an amendment of
FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R).
73
EXHIBIT INDEX
-------------
All agreements listed below may have additional exhibits, which are not
attached. All such exhibits are available upon request, provided the requesting
party shall pay a fee for copies of such exhibits, which fee shall be limited to
our reasonable expenses incurred in furnishing these documents.
Exhibit
Number Description
- -------- -----------
#2.1 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2001, by and among
Playboy Enterprises, Inc., Califa Entertainment Group, Inc., V.O.D.,
Inc., Steven Hirsch, Dewi James and William Asher (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.1 from the Current Report on Form 8-K dated
July 6, 2001)
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3 from our quarterly report on
Form 10-Q dated March 31, 2003)
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 from the Current Report on
Form 8-K dated March 15, 1999)
3.3 Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of Playboy Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 3.2 from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q dated June 30,
2004, or the June 30, 2004 Form 10-Q)
4.1 Indenture, dated March 15, 2005, between Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
and LaSalle Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 from the Current Report on Form 8-K dated
March 9, 2005, or the March 9, 2005 Form 8-K)
4.2 Form of 3.00% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes due 2025
(included in Exhibit 4.1)
4.3 Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 15, 2005, among Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. and the Initial Purchasers named therein
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 from the March 9, 2005 Form
8-K)
10.1 Playboy Magazine Printing and Binding Agreement
#a October 22, 1997 Agreement between Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
and Quad/Graphics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.4 from our transition period report on Form 10-K for the six
months ended December 31, 1997, or the Transition Period Form
10-K)
#b Amendment to October 22, 1997 Agreement dated as of March 3,
2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our
quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,
2000)
c Second Amendment to October 22, 1997 Agreement dated as of
March 2, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from
our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2003)
d Third Amendment to October 22, 1997 Agreement dated as of July
30, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 from our
quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September
30, 2007, or the September 30, 2007 Form 10-Q)
10.2 Playboy Magazine Distribution Agreement
#a May 4, 2004 Agreement between Warner Publisher Services, Inc.
and Playboy Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 from the June 30, 2004 Form 10-Q)
b Amendment to May 4, 2004 Agreement dated as of December 12,
2005
c Amendment to May 4, 2004 Agreement dated as of January 13, 2006
(items (b) and (c) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.2(c) and
10.2(d), respectively, from our annual report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2005, or the 2005 Form 10-K)
10.3 Playboy Magazine Subscription Fulfillment Agreement
a July 1, 1987 Agreement between Communications Data Services,
Inc. and Playboy Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.12(a) from our annual report on Form 10-K for the
year ended June 30, 1992, or the 1992 Form 10-K)
74
b Amendment dated as of June 1, 1988 to said Fulfillment
Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12(b) from
our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30,
1993, or the 1993 Form 10-K)
c Amendment dated as of July 1, 1990 to said Fulfillment
Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12(c) from
our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30,
1991, or the 1991 Form 10-K)
d Amendment dated as of July 1, 1996 to said Fulfillment
Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5(d) from
our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30,
1996, or the 1996 Form 10-K)
#e Amendment dated as of July 7, 1997 to said Fulfillment
Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6(e) from
the Transition Period Form 10-K)
#f Amendment dated as of July 1, 2001 to said Fulfillment
Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our
quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September
30, 2001, or the September 30, 2001 Form 10-Q)
#g Seventh Amendment (related to Subscription Fulfillment
Agreement, dated July 1, 1987, as amended), dated March 9,
2006, by and between Communications Data Services, Inc. and
Playboy Enterprises International, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.9 from our quarterly report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006, or the March 31,
2006 Form 10-Q)
10.4 Transponder Service Agreements
a SKYNET Transponder Service Agreement dated March 1, 2001
between Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. and Loral Skynet
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our quarterly
report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2001)
b SKYNET Transponder Service Agreement dated February 8, 1999 by
and between Califa Entertainment Group, Inc. and Loral Skynet
c Transfer of Service Agreement dated February 22, 2002 between
Califa Entertainment Group, Inc., Loral Skynet and Spice Hot
Entertainment, Inc.
d Amendment One to the Transponder Service Agreement between
Spice Hot Entertainment, Inc. and Loral Skynet dated February
28, 2002
(items (b), (c) and (d) incorporated by reference to Exhibits
10.4(b), (c) and (d), respectively, from our annual report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, or the 2001 Form 10-K)
e Transponder Service Agreement dated August 12, 1999 between
British Sky Broadcasting Limited and The Home Video Channel
Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4(e) from our
annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2002, or the 2002 Form 10-K)
f First Amendment dated as of May 7, 2004 between Playboy and
Loral Skynet extending its current term expiration of January
31, 2010 to January 31, 2013
g Intelsat LLC acquired assets of Loral Skynet effective March
17, 2004
(items (f) and (g) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.4(f) and
(g), respectively, from our annual report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2004, or the 2004 Form 10-K)
h Transfer of Service Agreement (related to Contract Number
T79903021), dated as of October 25, 2004, among Spice Hot
Entertainment, Inc., Andrita Studios, Inc., and Loral Skynet
#i Transfer of Service Agreement (related to Contract Number
T70102100), dated February 4, 2004, among Playboy Entertainment
Group, Inc., Andrita Studios, Inc. and Loral Skynet
j Amendment No. 1 to Contract Number T70102100 (IA7-C15) dated as
of May 7, 2004, between Intelsat USA Sales Corp. and Andrita
Studios, Inc.
#k Agreement Concerning Skynet Space Segment Service (Contract
Number T70309257), dated as of November 20, 2003, between
Andrita Studios, Inc. and Loral Skynet
#l Amendment No. 1 to Contract Number T70309257 (IA7-C9) dated as
of May 7, 2004, between Intelsat USA Sales Corp. and Andrita
Studios, Inc.
#m Digital Channel Platform Agreement (Contract Number GSS0210100)
dated as of February 4, 2003, between Loral Skynet and Playboy
Entertainment Group, Inc.
#n Amendment No. 1 to Contract Number GSS0210100 (Digital Channel
Platform) dated as of May 7, 2004, between Intelsat USA Sales
Corp. and Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
(items (h) through (n) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1
through 10.4.2, respectively, from the March 31, 2006 Form 10-Q)
75
#10.5 Omnibus Amendment to Agreements between Playboy Entertainment Group,
Inc., Andrita Studios, Inc. and Intelsat USA Sales Corp., dated as of
December 22, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 from the
March 31, 2006 Form 10-Q)
10.6 Playboy TV UK Limited and UK/BENELUX Limited
#a Contract for a Combined Compressed Uplink and Eurobird Space
Segment Service, dated as of May 12, 2003, between British
Telecommunications plc and Playboy TV UK Limited
b Contract Amendment Agreement (Number 1) dated as of May 12,
2003, between British Telecommunications plc and Playboy TV UK
Limited
#c Contract for a Combined Compressed Uplink and Eurobird Space
Segment Service, dated as of May 12, 2004, between British
Telecommunications plc and Playboy TV UK/BENELUX Limited
#d Contract Amendment Agreement (Number 1) dated as of November
30, 2004, between British Telecommunications plc and Playboy TV
UK/BENELUX Limited
(items (a) through (d) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.6.1
through 10.7.2, respectively, from the March 31, 2006 Form 10-Q)
#10.7 Playboy TV-Latin America, LLC Agreements
a Third Amended and Restated Operating Agreement for Playboy
TV-Latin America, LLC, effective as of November 10, 2006, by
and between Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. and Lifford
International Co. Ltd. (BVI)
b Amended and Restated Program Supply and Trademark License
Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2006, between Playboy
Entertainment Group, Inc. and Playboy TV-Latin America, LLC
(items (a) and (b) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.7(c) and
(d), respectively, from our annual report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2006)
#10.8 Agreement dated as of January 1, 2006, between Time/Warner Retail
Sales & Marketing Inc. (f/k/a Warner Publisher Services, Inc.) and
Playboy Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10
from the March 31, 2006 Form 10-Q)
#10.9 Satellite Capacity Lease, dated as of August 21, 2006, by and among
Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc., Spice Hot Entertainment, Inc. and
Transponder Encryption Services Corporation (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 2006, or the September 30, 2006 Form
10-Q)
10.10 Transfer Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2002, by and among
Playboy Enterprises, Inc., Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc., Playboy
Enterprises International, Inc., Claxson Interactive Group Inc.,
Carlyle Investments LLC (in its own right and as a successor in
interest to Victoria Springs Investments Ltd.), Carlton Investments
LLC (in its own right and as a successor in interest to Victoria
Springs Investments Ltd.), Lifford International Co. Ltd. (BVI) and
Playboy TV International, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
2.1 from the December 23, 2002 Form 8-K, and filed with the SEC on
January 7, 2003)
#10.11 Amended and Restated Affiliation and License Agreement dated May 17,
2002 between DirecTV, Inc. and Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.,
Spice Entertainment, Inc., Spice Hot Entertainment, Inc. and Spice
Platinum Entertainment, Inc. regarding DBS Satellite Exhibition of
Programming (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our
quarterly report on Form 10-Q dated June 30, 2002, or the June 30,
2002 Form 10-Q)
#10.12 Affiliation Agreement dated July 8, 2004 between Playboy
Entertainment Group, Inc., Spice Entertainment, Inc., Spice Hot
Entertainment, Inc., and Time Warner Cable Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q
dated September 30, 2004, or the September 30, 2004 Form 10-Q)
10.13 Affiliation Agreement between Spice, Inc., and Satellite Services,
Inc.
a Affiliation Agreement, dated November 1, 1992, between Spice,
Inc., and Satellite Services, Inc.
b Amendment No. 1, dated September 29, 1994, to Affiliation
Agreement, dated November 1, 1992, between Spice, Inc., and
Satellite Services, Inc.
76
c Letter Agreement, dated July 18, 1997, amending the Affiliation
Agreement, dated November 1, 1992, between Spice, Inc., and
Satellite Services, Inc.
d Letter Agreement, dated December 18, 1997, amending the
Affiliation Agreement, dated November 1, 1992, between Spice,
Inc., and Satellite Services, Inc.
e Amendment, effective September 26, 2005, to Affiliation
Agreement, dated November 1, 1992, between Spice, Inc., and
Satellite Services, Inc.
(items (a) through (e) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1.1
through 10.1.5, respectively, from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q
dated September 30, 2005, or the September 30, 2005 Form 10-Q)
10.14 Affiliation Agreement between Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc., and
Satellite Services, Inc.
a Affiliation Agreement, dated February 10, 1993, between Playboy
Entertainment Group, Inc., and Satellite Services, Inc.
b Amendment, effective September 26, 2005, to Affiliation
Agreement, dated February 10, 1993, between Playboy
Entertainment Group, Inc., and Satellite Services, Inc.
(items (a) and (b) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.2.1 and
10.2.2, respectively, from the September 30, 2005 Form 10-Q)
#10.15 Amended and Restated Agreement, dated August 1, 2007, by and between
Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. and Spice Hot Entertainment, Inc.,
and DirecTV, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 from the
September 30, 2007 Form 10-Q)
#10.16 Agreement dated October 4, 2004, between Playboy Enterprises
International, Inc., Fiesta Palms LLC, N-M Ventures II, LLC and Nine
Group LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our
quarterly report on Form 10-Q dated June 30, 2007, or the June 30,
2007 Form 10-Q)
10.17 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, effective April 1, 2005, or
the Credit Agreement, among PEI Holdings, Inc., as borrower, and Bank
of America, N.A., as Agent and the other lenders from time to time
party thereto
a Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
our quarterly report on Form 10-Q dated March 31, 2005)
b First Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated March 10, 2006
among PEI Holding, Inc., as borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as
Agent, and the other Lenders Party thereto (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.15(b) from the 2005 Form 10-K)
c Master Corporate Guaranty, dated March 11, 2003
d Security Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between PEI
Holdings, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as Agent under the
Credit Agreement
e Security Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, among Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. and each of the domestic subsidiaries of PEI
Holdings, Inc. set forth on the signature pages thereto and
Bank of America, N.A., as Agent under the Credit Agreement
f Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between PEI
Holdings, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the
various financial institutions from time to time parties to the
Credit Agreement
g Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, among Chelsea
Court Holdings LLC, as the limited partner in 1945/1947 Cedar
River C.V., Candlelight Management LLC, as the general partner
in 1945/1947 Cedar River C.V., and Bank of America, N.A., as
agent for the various financial institutions from time to time
parties to the Credit Agreement
h Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Claridge
Organization LLC and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the
various financial institutions from time to time parties to the
Credit Agreement
i Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Playboy
Clubs International, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent
for the various financial institutions from time to time
parties to the Credit Agreement
j Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between CPV
Productions, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the
various financial institutions from time to time parties to the
Credit Agreement
k Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Playboy
Entertainment Group, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent
for the various financial institutions from time to time
parties to the Credit Agreement
77
l Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Playboy
Gaming International, Ltd. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent
for the various financial institutions from time to time
parties to the Credit Agreement
m Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Playboy
Entertainment Group, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent
for the various financial institutions from time to time
parties to the Credit Agreement
n Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the
various financial institutions from time to time parties to the
Credit Agreement
o Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Playboy
Enterprises International, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as
agent for the various financial institutions from time to time
parties to the Credit Agreement
p Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Planet
Playboy, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the
various financial institutions from time to time parties to the
Credit Agreement
q Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Spice
Entertainment, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the
various financial institutions from time to time parties to the
Credit Agreement
r Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Playboy
TV International, LLC and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for
the various financial institutions from time to time parties to
the Credit Agreement
s Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, between Playboy
TV International, LLC and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for
the various financial institutions from time to time parties to
the Credit Agreement
t Trademark Security Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, by
AdulTVision Communications, Inc., Alta Loma Entertainment,
Inc., Lifestyle Brands, Ltd., Playboy Entertainment Group,
Inc., Spice Entertainment, Inc., Playboy Enterprises
International, Inc. and Spice Hot Entertainment, Inc. in favor
of Bank of America, N.A., as Agent under the Credit Agreement
u Copyright Security Agreement, dated March 11, 2003, by After
Dark Video, Inc., Alta Loma Distribution, Inc., Alta Loma
Entertainment, Inc., Impulse Productions, Inc., Indigo
Entertainment, Inc., MH Pictures, Inc., Mystique Films, Inc.,
Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc., Precious Films, Inc. and
Women Productions, Inc. in favor of Bank of America, N.A., as
Agent under the Credit Agreement
v Lease Subordination Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, by
and among Hugh M. Hefner, Playboy Enterprises International,
Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as Agent for various lenders
w Deed of Trust with Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and
Fixture Filing, dated as of March 11, 2003, made and executed
by Playboy Enterprises International, Inc. in favor of Fidelity
National Title Insurance Company for the benefit of Bank of
America, N.A., as Agent for Lenders under the Credit Agreement
(items (c) through (w) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.9(b)
through (u), respectively, from the 2002 Form 10-K)
x Pledge Amendment, dated July 22, 2003, between Playboy
Entertainment Group, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent
for the various financial institutions from time to time
parties to the Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.9(i)-1 from our May 19, 2003 Form S-4)
y First Amendment, dated September 15, 2004, to Deed of Trust
With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture
Filing, dated as of March 11, 2003, made and executed between
Playboy Enterprises International, Inc. and Bank of America,
N.A., as Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 from
the September 30, 2004 Form 10-Q)
z Second Amendment, dated as of April 27, 2006, to the Credit
Agreement, or the Second Amendment
aa Reaffirmation of Guaranty, dated as of April 27, 2006, to the
Credit Agreement, by each of the Guarantors, pursuant to the
Second Amendment
bb Third Amendment, dated as of May 15, 2006, to the Credit
Agreement
cc Pledge Amendment, dated as of May 15, 2006, from Playboy
Enterprises International, Inc.
dd Pledge Amendment, dated as of May 15, 2006, from Playboy
Entertainment Group, Inc.
78
ee Joinder to the Master Corporate Guaranty, dated as of May 15,
2006, by Playboy.com, Inc., Playboy.com Internet Gaming, Inc.,
Playboy.com Racing, Inc., SpiceTV.com, Inc., and CJI Holdings,
Inc., and accepted by Bank of America, N.A., as agent for
Lenders
ff Joinder to Security Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2006, by
Playboy.com, Inc., Playboy.com Internet Gaming, Inc.,
Playboy.com Racing, Inc., SpiceTV.com, Inc. and CJI Holdings,
Inc., and accepted by Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the
Lenders
gg Pledge Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2006, between
Playboy.com, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the
Lenders
hh Pledge Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2006, between Playboy.com
Internet Gaming Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for
the Lenders
ii Trademark Security Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2006, by
Playboy.com, Inc. in favor of Bank of America, N.A., as agent
for the Lenders
jj Copyright Security Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2006, by
Playboy.com, Inc. in favor of Bank of America, N.A., as agent
for the Lenders
(items (z) through (jj) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1.1
through 10.2.9, respectively, from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2006)
kk Fourth Amendment, dated as of July 21, 2006, to the Credit
Agreement, or the Fourth Amendment
ll Reaffirmation of Guaranty, dated as of July 21, 2006, by each
of the Guarantors, pursuant to the Fourth Amendment
mm Fifth Amendment, dated as of September 28, 2006, to the Credit
Agreement, or the Fifth Amendment
nn Reaffirmation of Guaranty, dated as of September 28, 2006, by
each of the Guarantors, pursuant to the Fifth Amendment
oo Joinder and Amendment No. 1 to Master Corporate Guaranty, dated
as of September 28, 2006, by Playboy Enterprises, Inc., Playboy
Enterprises International, Inc., Spice Hot Entertainment, Inc.
and Spice Platinum Entertainment, Inc., and accepted by Bank of
America, N.A., as agent for the Lenders
(items (kk) through (oo) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1.1
through 10.2.3, respectively, from the September 30, 2006 Form 10-Q)
#pp Sixth Amendment, dated as of September 28, 2007, to the Credit
Agreement, or the Sixth Amendment (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the September 30, 2007 Form 10-Q)
10.18 Exchange Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, among Hugh M. Hefner,
Playboy.com, Inc., PEI Holdings, Inc. and Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 from the 2002 Form 10-K)
10.19 Playboy Mansion West Lease Agreement, as amended, between Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. and Hugh M. Hefner
a Letter of Interpretation of Lease
b Agreement of Lease
(items (a) and (b) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.3(a) and
(b), respectively, from the 1991 Form 10-K)
c Amendment to Lease Agreement dated as of January 12, 1998
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 from our quarterly
report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998, or
the March 31, 1998 Form 10-Q)
d Lease Subordination Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2003, by
and among Hugh M. Hefner, Playboy Enterprises International,
Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as Agent for various lenders
(see Exhibit 10.22(v)) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.9(t) from the 2002 Form 10-K)
10.20 Los Angeles Office Lease Documents
a Agreement of Lease dated April 23, 2002 between Los Angeles
Media Tech Center, LLC and Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 from the June 30,
2002 Form 10-Q)
b First Amendment to April 23, 2002 Lease dated June 28, 2002
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 from our quarterly
report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002,
or the September 30, 2002 Form 10-Q)
79
c Second Amendment to April 23, 2002 Lease dated September 23,
2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 from the
September 30, 2004 Form 10-Q)
10.21 Chicago Office Lease Documents
a Office Lease dated April 7, 1988 by and between Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. and LaSalle National Bank as Trustee under
Trust No. 112912 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7(a)
from the 1993 Form 10-K)
b First Amendment to April 7, 1988 Lease dated October 26, 1989
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15(b) from our annual
report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 1995, or the
1995 Form 10-K)
c Second Amendment to April 7, 1988 Lease dated June 1, 1992
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our quarterly
report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 1992)
d Third Amendment to April 7, 1988 Lease dated August 30, 1993
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15(d) from the 1995
Form 10-K)
e Fourth Amendment to April 7, 1988 Lease dated August 6, 1996
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20(e) from the 1996
Form 10-K)
f Fifth Amendment to April 7, 1988 Lease dated March 19, 1998
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 from the March 31,
1998 Form 10-Q)
g Sixth Amendment to April 7, 1988 Lease effective May 1, 2006
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9.1 from the September
30, 2006 Form 10-Q)
10.22 New York Office Lease Documents
a Agreement of Lease dated August 11, 1992 between Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. and Lexington Building Co. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.9(b) from the 1992 Form 10-K)
b Second Amendment to August 11, 1992 Lease dated June 28, 2004
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 from the June 30,
2004 Form 10-Q)
10.23 Los Angeles Studio Facility Lease Documents
a Agreement of Lease dated September 20, 2001 between Kingston
Andrita LLC and Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.3(a) from the September 30, 2001
Form 10-Q)
b First Amendment to September 20, 2001 Lease dated May 15, 2002
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 from the June 30,
2002 Form 10-Q)
c Second Amendment to September 20, 2001 Lease dated July 23,
2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 from the
September 30, 2002 Form 10-Q)
d Third Amendment to September 20, 2001 Lease dated October 31,
2002
e Fourth Amendment to September 20, 2001 Lease dated December 2,
2002
f Fifth Amendment to September 20, 2001 Lease dated December 31,
2002
g Sixth Amendment to September 20, 2001 Lease dated January 31,
2003
(items (d) through (g) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.17(d)
through (g), respectively, from the 2002 Form 10-K)
h Guaranty dated September 20, 2001 by Playboy Entertainment
Group, Inc. in favor of Kingston Andrita LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3(c) from the September 30, 2001 Form
10-Q)
i Seventh Amendment to September 20, 2001 Lease dated July 23,
2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our
quarterly report on Form 10-Q dated September 30, 2003)
*10.24 Selected Company Remunerative Plans
a Executive Protection Program dated March 1, 1990 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.18(c) from the 1995 Form 10-K)
b Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Employees
effective January 1, 1998
c Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Board of
Directors effective January 1, 1998
(items (b) and (c) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.2(a) and
(b), respectively, from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 1998)
d Amended and Restated Playboy Enterprises, Inc. Board of
Directors' Deferred Compensation Plan, effective January 1,
2005
e Amended and Restated Playboy Enterprises, Inc. Deferred
Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 2005
80
f Fourth Amendment, dated as of August 30, 2006, to the Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. Employee Investment Savings Plan (as amended
and restated January 1, 1997)
(items (d) through (f) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.4
through 10.6, respectively, from the September 30, 2006 Form 10-Q)
@g Fifth Amendment, dated as of November 29, 2007, to the Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. Employee Investment Savings Plan (as amended
and restated January 1, 1997)
@h Sixth Amendment, dated as of November 29, 2007, to the Playboy
Enterprises, Inc. Employee Investment Savings Plan (as amended
and restated January 1, 1997)
*10.25 1991 Directors' Plan
a Playboy Enterprises, Inc. 1991 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan
for Non-Employee Directors, as amended (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.23(c) from the 2004 Form 10-K)
b Playboy Enterprises, Inc. 1991 Non-Qualified Stock Option
Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.4(nn) from the 1991 Form 10-K)
*10.26 1995 Stock Incentive Plan
a Third Amended and Restated Playboy Enterprises, Inc. 1995 Stock
Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 from
the June 30, 2007 Form 10-Q)
b Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for Non-Qualified
Stock Options which may be granted under the Plan
c Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement for Incentive Stock
Options which may be granted under the Plan
d Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Restricted Stock issued
under the Plan
(items (b), (c) and (d) incorporated by reference to Exhibits 4.3,
4.4 and 4.5, respectively, from our Registration Statement No.
33-58145 on Form S-8 dated March 20, 1995)
e Form of Section 162(m) Restricted Stock Agreement for Section
162(m) Restricted Stock issued under the Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1(e) from our annual report on Form
10-K for the year ended June 30, 1997)
*10.27 1997 Directors' Plan
a Second Amended and Restated 1997 Equity Plan for Non-Employee
Directors of Playboy Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 from the June 30, 2007 Form 10-Q)
b Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Restricted Stock issued
under the Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1(b)
from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1997)
*10.28 Form of Nonqualified Option Agreement between Playboy Enterprises,
Inc. and each of Dennis S. Bookshester and Sol Rosenthal
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 from our Registration
Statement No. 333-30185 on Form S-8 dated June 27, 1997)
*10.29 Playboy Enterprises, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended
and restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 from the June
30, 2007 Form 10-Q)
*10.30 Selected Employment, Termination and Other Agreements
a Form of Severance Agreement by and between Playboy Enterprises,
Inc. and each of Linda Havard, Christie Hefner, Martha
Lindeman, Richard Rosenzweig, Howard Shapiro and Alex Vaickus
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23(a) from the 2001
Form 10-K)
b Memorandum dated May 21, 2002 regarding severance agreement for
Linda Havard (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 from
the June 30, 2002 Form 10-Q)
c Employment Agreement dated as of September 15, 2006, between
Playboy Enterprises, Inc. and Robert Meyers
d Severance Agreement dated as of September 18, 2006, between
Playboy Enterprises, Inc. and Robert Meyers
(items (c) and (d) are incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.8.1
and 10.8.2, respectively, from the September 30, 2006 Form 10-Q)
@e Memorandum dated December 21, 2007 regarding severance
agreement for Alex Vaickus
@21 Subsidiaries
81
@23 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
@31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
@31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
@32 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
- ----------
* Indicates management compensation plan
# Certain information omitted pursuant to a request for confidential
treatment filed separately with and granted by the SEC
@ Filed herewith
82
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PLAYBOY ENTERPRISES, INC.
March 14, 2008 By /s/Linda Havard
--------------------------
Linda G. Havard
Executive Vice President,
Finance and Operations,
and Chief Financial Officer
(Authorized Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
/s/Christie Hefner March 14, 2008
- --------------------------------------
Christie Hefner
Chairman of the Board,
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/Richard S. Rosenzweig March 14, 2008
- --------------------------------------
Richard S. Rosenzweig
Executive Vice President and Director
/s/Dennis S. Bookshester March 14, 2008
- --------------------------------------
Dennis S. Bookshester
Director
/s/David I. Chemerow March 14, 2008
- --------------------------------------
David I. Chemerow
Director
/s/Charles Hirschhorn March 14, 2008
- --------------------------------------
Charles Hirschhorn
Director
/s/Jerome H. Kern March 14, 2008
- --------------------------------------
Jerome H. Kern
Director
/s/Russell I. Pillar March 14, 2008
- --------------------------------------
Russell I. Pillar
Director
/s/Sol Rosenthal March 14, 2008
- --------------------------------------
Sol Rosenthal
Director
/s/Linda Havard March 14, 2008
- --------------------------------------
Linda G. Havard
Executive Vice President,
Finance and Operations,
and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
83