EXHIBIT 99.1

                              LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

                           KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

                                Offer to Exchange
                All Outstanding 8?% Senior Secured Notes due 2009
                           Issued on November 26, 2004
                    For 8 7/8% Senior Secured Notes due 2009
           That Have Been Registered Under the Securities Act of 1933
              Pursuant to the Prospectus dated _____________, 2005

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       THE EXCHANGE OFFER WILL EXPIRE AT 5:00 P.M. NEW YORK CITY TIME, ON
          ______________, 2005 UNLESS EXTENDED (THE "EXPIRATION DATE").
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                  The Exchange Agent for the Exchange Offer is:

                              The Bank of New York

             By Registered Mail, Hand Delivery or Overnight Carrier:
                              The Bank of New York
                               Lower Ground Floor
                                30 Cannon Street
                                     London
                                    EC4M 6XH
                              Attn: Julie McCarthy

                             For Information, Call:
                            011 44 (207) 964-6513 or
                              011 44 (207) 964-7235

                           By Facsimile Transmission:
                        (for Eligible Institutions Only)
                            011 44 (207) 964-6369 or
                              011 44 (207) 964-7294

                              Confirm by Telephone:
                              011 44 (207) 964-7235

     Delivery  of this  Letter of  Transmittal  to an address  other than as set
forth above, or  transmission  of  instructions  via facsimile other than as set
forth above, will not constitute a valid delivery.

     Please read the accompanying  instructions carefully before completing this
Letter of Transmittal.

     The  undersigned  acknowledges  that  it  has  received  and  reviewed  the
Prospectus, dated ___________, 2005 (the "Prospectus"), of Kronos International,
Inc., a Delaware  corporation (the  "Company"),  and this Letter of Transmittal,
which together constitute the Company's offer (the "Exchange Offer") to exchange
its 8 7/8%  Senior  Secured  Notes due 2009 (the "New  Notes"),  which have been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities  Act"),
for a like principal amount of the Company's issued and outstanding unregistered
8 7/8%  Senior  Secured  Notes due 2009  issued on  November  26, 2004 (the "Old
Notes").


     For each Old Note accepted for  exchange,  the Holder of such Old Note will
receive a New Note having a principal  amount  equal to that of the  surrendered
Old Note.  The New Notes will bear  interest  from the most recent date to which
interest has been paid on the Old Notes. Accordingly,  registered Holders of New
Notes on the relevant record date for the first interest  payment date following
the  consummation of the Exchange Offer will receive  interest  accrued from the
most recent date to which interest has been paid.  However,  if that record date
occurs prior to completion of the Exchange Offer,  then the interest  payable on
the first  interest  payment date following the completion of the Exchange Offer
will be paid to the registered Holders of the Old Notes on that record date. Old
Notes  accepted for exchange  will cease to accrue  interest  from and after the
date of consummation of the Exchange Offer and will be cancelled. Holders of Old
Notes whose Old Notes are accepted for exchange  will not receive any payment in
respect of accrued interest on such Old Notes otherwise  payable on any interest
payment  date the record date for which occurs on or after  consummation  of the
Exchange Offer.

     This  Letter of  Transmittal  is to be  completed  by a Holder of Old Notes
either if (i) certificates  are to be forwarded  herewith or (ii) tenders are to
be made by book-entry transfer to the account maintained by The Bank of New York
(the "Exchange  Agent"),  at Euroclear Bank  S.A./N.V.  or Clearstream  Banking,
Societe Anonyme,  Luxembourg (each a "Book-Entry Transfer Facility") pursuant to
the procedures set forth in "The Exchange Offer -- Book-Entry  Transfer" section
of the  Prospectus.  See  Instruction 1. Delivery of documents to the Book-Entry
Transfer Facility does not constitute delivery to the Exchange Agent.

     Tenders by  book-entry  transfer  also may be made by delivering an Agent's
Message in lieu of this  Letter.  The term  "Agent's  Message"  means a message,
transmitted by the Book-Entry  Transfer Facility to and received by the Exchange
Agent and forming a part of a book-entry transfer (a "Book-Entry Confirmation"),
which  states that the  Book-Entry  Transfer  Facility  has  received an express
acknowledgment from the tendering participant,  which acknowledgment states that
such  participant  has  received  and  agrees  to be  bound  by this  Letter  of
Transmittal and the Company may enforce this Letter of Transmittal  against such
participant.

     As used in this Letter of  Transmittal,  the term  "Holder" with respect to
the Exchange  Offer means any person in whose name Old Notes are  registered  on
the books of the Company or any participant in the Book-Entry  Transfer Facility
whose name  appears on a security  position  listing as the holder of Old Notes.
The undersigned has completed the appropriate boxes below and signed this Letter
of  Transmittal  to  indicate  the action the  undersigned  desires to take with
respect to the Exchange Offer.

     List below the Old Notes to which this Letter of  Transmittal  relates.  If
the  space  provided  below is  inadequate,  then the  certificate  numbers  and
principal  amount of Old Notes  should be listed on a separate  signed  schedule
affixed hereto.



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                                               DESCRIPTION OF OLD NOTES TENDERED
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Names(s) and Address(es) of Registered Holder(s)    Certificate Number(s)*  Aggregate
(Please fill in if blank)                                                   Principal Amount     Principal Amount
                                                                            of Old Note(s)       Tendered**
- --------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- -------------------- ---------------------

                                                    ----------------------- -------------------- ---------------------

                                                    ----------------------- -------------------- ---------------------

                                                    ----------------------- -------------------- ---------------------
                                                                    Total
- --------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- -------------------- ---------------------

*    Do not complete if Old Notes are being tendered by book-entry transfer.
**   A holder  will be deemed  to have  tendered  ALL Old Notes  unless a lesser
     amount is specified in this column.  See  Instruction 2. Old Notes tendered
     hereby must be in  denominations of principal amount of (euro)1,000 and any
     integral       multiples       thereof.       See       Instruction      1.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Check here if tendered Old Notes are being delivered by book-entry transfer
     made to the account  maintained by the Exchange  Agent with the  Book-Entry
     Transfer Facility and complete the following:

     Name of Tendering Institution:
                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Euroclear or Clearstream Account Number:
                                                   -------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       2




                                
     Transaction Code Number:
                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


     Check here if tendered Old Notes are enclosed herewith.

     Check here if you are a  broker-dealer  and wish to receive ten  additional
     copies of the  Prospectus  and ten copies of any  amendments or supplements
     thereto.

     Name:
                -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Address:
                   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



                     NOTE: SIGNATURES MUST BE PROVIDED BELOW
               PLEASE READ CAREFULLY THE ACCOMPANYING INSTRUCTIONS

Ladies and Gentlemen:

     Upon the terms and subject to the  conditions  of the Exchange  Offer,  the
undersigned hereby tenders to the Company the aggregate  principal amount of Old
Notes  indicated  on page 3 of this  Letter  of  Transmittal.  Subject  to,  and
effective  upon, the  acceptance for exchange of the Old Notes tendered  hereby,
the  undersigned  hereby sells,  assigns and transfers to, or upon the order of,
the Company all right,  title and interest in and to such Old Notes as are being
tendered hereby.

     The undersigned  hereby  irrevocably  constitutes and appoints the Exchange
Agent as the  undersigned's  true and  lawful  agent and  attorney-in-fact  with
respect to such tendered Old Notes, with full power of substitution, among other
things,  to cause the Old Notes to be assigned,  transferred and exchanged.  The
undersigned  hereby  represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power
and authority to tender, sell, assign and transfer the Old Notes, and to acquire
the New Notes  issuable upon the exchange of such tendered Old Notes,  and that,
when the same are  accepted  for  exchange,  the Company  will  acquire good and
unencumbered title thereto, free and clear of all liens,  restrictions,  charges
and encumbrances and not subject to any adverse claim when the same are accepted
by the Company.  The  undersigned  hereby further  represents  that: (i) any New
Notes acquired in exchange for Old Notes tendered hereby will have been acquired
in the  ordinary  course of  business  of the person  receiving  such New Notes,
whether or not such person is the  undersigned,  (ii) neither the Holder of such
Old Notes nor any such other person has an arrangement or understanding with any
person to  participate in the  distribution  of such New Notes and (iii) neither
the  Holder of such Old Notes or any such  other  person is an  "affiliate,"  as
defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, of the Company.

     The  undersigned  acknowledges  that this  Exchange  Offer is being made in
reliance  on  interpretations  by the  staff  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission  (the  "SEC"),  as set  forth in  no-action  letters  issued to third
parties,  that the New Notes issued  pursuant to the Exchange  Offer in exchange
for the Old Notes may be offered for resale, resold and otherwise transferred by
Holders  thereof  (other  than any such  Holder  that is an  "affiliate"  of the
Company  within  the  meaning  of Rule 405 under the  Securities  Act),  without
compliance  with the  registration  and  prospectus  delivery  provisions of the
Securities Act, provided that such New Notes are acquired in the ordinary course
of such Holders'  business and such Holders have no arrangement or understanding
with any person to participate in the  distribution of such New Notes.  However,
the SEC has not  considered  the  Exchange  Offer in the  context of a no-action
letter  and there  can be no  assurance  that the staff of the SEC would  make a
similar   determination   with  respect  to  the  Exchange  Offer  as  in  other
circumstances.  If the undersigned is not a broker-dealer,  then the undersigned
represents  that it is not  engaged  in,  and does not  intend to  engage  in, a
distribution of the New Notes. If any Holder is an affiliate of the Company,  or
has any arrangement or understanding with respect to the distribution of the New

                                       3


Notes to be acquired pursuant to the Exchange Offer, then such Holder (i) cannot
rely on the  applicable  interpretations  of the  staff of the SEC,  (ii) is not
entitled and will not be permitted to tender Old Notes in the Exchange Offer and
(iii) must comply with the registration and prospectus delivery  requirements of
the Securities Act in connection with any resale transaction. If the undersigned
is a  broker-dealer  that will receive New Notes for its own account in exchange
for Old Notes, then it represents that the Old Notes to be exchanged for the New
Notes  were  acquired  by it as a result of  market-making  activities  or other
trading  activities and acknowledges  that it will deliver a prospectus  meeting
the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of such New
Notes;  however,  by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus meeting the
requirements of the Securities Act, the undersigned  will not be deemed to admit
that it is an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act.

     The  undersigned  will,  upon request,  execute and deliver any  additional
documents  reasonably  deemed by the Company to be  necessary  or  desirable  to
complete the sale, assignment and transfer of the Old Notes tendered hereby. All
authority  conferred or agreed to be conferred in this Letter of Transmittal and
every  obligation  of the  undersigned  hereunder  shall  be  binding  upon  the
successors,  assigns, heirs, executors,  administrators,  trustees in bankruptcy
and legal  representatives  of the undersigned and shall not be affected by, and
shall survive,  the death or incapacity of the  undersigned.  This tender may be
withdrawn  only in  accordance  with the  procedures  set forth in "The Exchange
Offer -- Conditions to the Exchange Offer" section of the Prospectus.

     Unless  otherwise  indicated herein in the box entitled  "Special  Issuance
Instructions"   below,  please  deliver  the  New  Notes  (and,  if  applicable,
substitute certificates  representing Old Notes for any Old Notes not exchanged)
in the name of the undersigned  or, in the case of a book-entry  delivery of Old
Notes,  please credit the account  indicated above  maintained at the Book-Entry
Transfer Facility.  Similarly, unless otherwise indicated under the box entitled
"Special  Delivery  Instructions"  below,  please  send the New Notes  (and,  if
applicable, substitute certificates representing Old Notes for any Old Notes not
exchanged)  to the  undersigned  at the address  shown above in the box entitled
"Description of Old Notes Tendered."

     The undersigned,  by completing the box entitled  "Description of Old Notes
Tendered" above and signing this Letter of  Transmittal,  will be deemed to have
tendered the Old Notes as set forth in such box above.



                                                           
- ----------------------------------------------------------    --------------------------------------------------------
              SPECIAL ISSUANCE INSTRUCTIONS                                SPECIAL DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS
               (See Instructions 3 and 4)                                   (See Instructions 3 and 4)

         To be completed ONLY if Old Notes not exchanged               To be completed ONLY if Old Notes not
and/or New Notes are to be issued in the name of someone      exchanged and/or New Notes are to be sent to someone
other than the undersigned, or if Old Notes delivered by      other than the undersigned, or to the undersigned at
book-entry transfer that are not accepted for exchange        an address other than shown in the box entitled
are to be returned by credit to an account maintained at      "Description of Old Notes Tendered" on this Letter of
the Book-Entry Transfer Facility other than the account       Transmittal.
indicated above.

Issue:              New Notes                                 Mail:              New Notes
                    Old Notes to:                                                Old Notes to:

Name(s):  --------------------------------------------        Name(s):  ------------------------------------------
                    (Please type or print)                                       (Please type or print)
          --------------------------------------------                  ------------------------------------------

Address:  --------------------------------------------        Address:  ------------------------------------------
          --------------------------------------------                  ------------------------------------------

Taxpayer Identification or Social Security Number             Taxpayer Identification or Social Security Number
- ------------------------------------------------------        ----------------------------------------------------

     Credit unexchanged Old Notes delivered by
     book-entry transfer to the Book-Entry Transfer
     Facility account set forth below.

- ------------------------------------------------------

Book-Entry Transfer Facility Account Number,
if applicable: -----------------------------

- ----------------------------------------------------------    --------------------------------------------------------

                                       4




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                                       ALL TENDERING HOLDERS PLEASE SIGN HERE
                                      (Complete Substitute Form W-9 on page 8)

                                                                                   
X--------------------------------------                                               -------------------------, 2005

(Date)

X-------------------------------------                                                -------------------------, 2005

(Date)
Area Code and Telephone Number ------------------------------------------------





     This Letter of Transmittal  must be signed by the  registered  holder(s) or
Book-Entry Transfer Facility  participant(s) exactly as the name(s) appear(s) on
the Old Notes or on a security  position listing or by any person(s)  authorized
to  become  registered  holder(s)  by  endorsements  and  documents  transmitted
herewith.  If  signature  is by a trustee,  executor,  administrator,  guardian,
officer or other person acting in a fiduciary or representative  capacity,  then
please provide the following information. See Instruction 3.

Name(s):  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      (Please Type or Print)

Capacity (full title):-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Address:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Taxpayer Identification or Social Security Number:-------------------------------------------

                                                 SIGNATURE GUARANTEE
                                           (If required by Instruction 3)

Signature(s) Guaranteed
By an Eligible Institution:------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               (Authorized Signature)

Name and Title:------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name of Firm:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dated:  ----------------, 2005

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     IMPORTANT:  This Letter of Transmittal  (or a facsimile  hereof),  together
with the certificates  for Old Notes or a Book-Entry  Confirmation and all other
required  documents,  must be received by the Exchange Agent prior to 5:00 p.m.,
New York City time, on the Expiration Date.

                                       5





                               TO BE COMPLETED BY ALL TENDERING HOLDERS
                                            (See Instruction 5)

                                         PAYER'S NAME: The Bank of New York

                                                                          
- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
SUBSTITUTE                               Part 1--Please provide your taxpayer           Social security number
Form W-9                                 identification number in the box at             ___________________
Department of the Treasury               right and certify by signing and
Internal Revenue Service                 dating below.  If Old Notes are held                    OR
                                         in more than one name, see the
Payer's request for Taxpayer             Guidelines for Certification of           Employer identification number
Identification Number ("TIN")            Taxpayer Identification Number on               -------------------
                                         Substitute W-9 to determine which
                                         number you must provide.               (If awaiting TIN write "Applied For")
- ---------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Part 2--FOR PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACK WITHHOLDING
                                         (See the Guidelines for Certification of Taxpayer Identification Number on
                                         Substitute Form W-9).
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CERTIFICATION:  Under the penalties of perjury, I certify that:

(1)  the number shown on this form is my correct Taxpayer  Identification Number
     (or I am waiting for a number to be issued to me);

(2)  I am not subject to backup withholding either because: (a) I am exempt from
     backup withholding, or (b) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue
     Service (the "IRS") that I am subject to backup  withholding as a result of
     a failure to report all interest or dividends,  or (c) the IRS has notified
     me that I am no longer subject to backup withholding; and

(3)  I am a U.S. Person (including a resident alien).

SIGNATURE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINTED NAME ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATE ------------------------------------, 2005

You must cross out item (2) above if you have been notified by the IRS that you
are subject to backup withholding because you failed to report all interest and
dividends on your tax return. However, if after being notified by the IRS that
you were subject to backup withholding you received another notification from
the IRS that you are no longer subject to backup withholding, do not cross out
item (2).
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


             YOU MUST COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATE IF YOU ARE
                   AWAITING A TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             CERTIFICATE OF AWAITING TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

     I certify under penalties of perjury that a Taxpayer  Identification Number
has not been  issued  to me,  and  either  (a) I have  mailed  or  delivered  an
application  to  receive a  Taxpayer  Identification  Number to the  appropriate
Internal Revenue Service Center or Social Security  Administration Office or (b)
I intend to mail or deliver an application in the near future. I understand that
if I do  not  provide  a  Taxpayer  Identification  Number  by the  time  of the
exchange,  28% of all reportable payments made to me thereafter will be retained
until I provide a Taxpayer Identification Number to the Exchange Agent and that,
if I do not  provide my  Taxpayer  Identification  Number  within 60 days,  such
retained  amounts  shall be remitted to the Internal  Revenue  Service as backup
withholding  and 28% of all  reportable  payments made to me thereafter  will be
withheld and remitted to the Internal Revenue Service until I provide a Taxpayer
Identification Number.

Signature--------------------------            Date ------------------, 2005

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                       6



                                  INSTRUCTIONS

         Forming Part of the Terms and Conditions of the Exchange Offer

1. Delivery of this Letter of Transmittal and Old Notes.

     This  Letter of  Transmittal  is to be  completed  by  Holders of Old Notes
either if certificates are to be forwarded herewith or if tenders are to be made
pursuant to the procedures for delivery by book-entry transfer set forth in "The
Exchange Offer -- Book-Entry  Transfer" section of the Prospectus and an Agent's
Message is not  delivered.  Tenders by  book-entry  transfer may also be made by
delivering an Agent's  Message in lieu of this Letter of  Transmittal.  The term
"Agent's  Message"  means a  message,  transmitted  by the  Book-Entry  Transfer
Facility  to  and  received  by the  Exchange  Agent  and  forming  a part  of a
Book-Entry Confirmation,  which states that the Book-Entry Transfer Facility has
received  an  express  acknowledgement  from the  tendering  participant,  which
acknowledgement states that such participant has received and agrees to be bound
by this Letter of  Transmittal  and that the Company may enforce  this Letter of
Transmittal  against such participant.  Certificates for all physically tendered
Old Notes, or Book-Entry Confirmation, as the case may be, as well as a properly
completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal (or manually signed  facsimile
hereof or Agent's Message in lieu thereof) and any other  documents  required by
this  Letter of  Transmittal,  must be  received  by the  Exchange  Agent at the
address set forth herein on or prior to the Expiration  Date. Old Notes tendered
hereby must be in  denominations  of  principal  amount of  (euro)1,000  and any
integral multiples thereof.

     The method of delivery of this Letter of Transmittal, the Old Notes and all
other required  documents is at the election and risk of the tendering  Holders,
but the delivery will be deemed made only when actually received or confirmed by
the Exchange Agent.  Rather than mail these items, we recommend that Holders use
an overnight or hand delivery service, sufficiently in advance of the Expiration
Date to permit  delivery to the Exchange Agent prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City
time, on the Expiration Date.

     See "The Exchange Offer" section of the Prospectus.

2.  Partial  Tenders  (not  applicable  to  Holders  who  tender  by  book-entry
transfer).

     If less than all of the Old Notes evidenced by a submitted  certificate are
to be  tendered,  then the  tendering  Holder(s)  should  fill in the  aggregate
principal  amount of the Old  Notes to be  tendered  in the box  above  entitled
"Description  of Old Notes  Tendered--Principal  Amount  Tendered."  A  reissued
certificate  representing  the balance of non-tendered Old Notes will be sent to
such tendering Holder,  unless otherwise provided in the appropriate box on this
Letter of Transmittal,  promptly after the Expiration Date. All of the Old Notes
delivered  to the  Exchange  Agent will be deemed to have been  tendered  unless
otherwise indicated.

3.  Signatures  on this Letter of  Transmittal;  Bond  Powers and  Endorsements;
Guarantee of Signatures.

     If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered Holder of the Old
Notes tendered hereby,  then the signature must correspond exactly with the name
as written on the face of the  certificates  without any change  whatsoever.  If
this  Letter  of  Transmittal  is  signed  by  a  Book-Entry  Transfer  Facility
participant,  then the signature must  correspond with the name as it appears on
the security position listing as the owner of the Old Notes.

     If any tendered Old Notes are owned of record by two or more joint  owners,
then all of such owners must sign this Letter of Transmittal.

     If any tendered Old Notes are registered in different  names,  then it will
be necessary to complete, sign and submit as many separate copies of this Letter
of Transmittal as there are different registrations of Old Notes.

     When this Letter of Transmittal  is signed by the  registered  Holder(s) of
the Old Notes  specified  herein and tendered  hereby,  no  endorsements  of the
tendered Old Notes or separate bond powers are required.  If,  however,  the New
Notes are to be issued,  or any  untendered  Old Notes are to be reissued,  to a
person other than the  registered  Holder,  then  endorsements  of any Old Notes
transmitted  hereby or separate bond powers are required.  Signatures on the Old
Notes or bond power must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

                                       7


     If this  Letter  of  Transmittal  is  signed  by a  person  other  than the
registered Holder(s) of any Old Notes specified herein, then such Old Notes must
be endorsed or  accompanied by  appropriate  bond powers,  in either case signed
exactly as the name or names of the  registered  Holder or Holders  appear(s) on
the Old Notes (or security  position listing) and signatures on the Old Notes or
bond power must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

     If this Letter of Transmittal or any certificates or bond powers are signed
by trustees, executors, administrators,  guardians, attorneys-in-fact,  officers
of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, then
such persons should so indicate when signing, and, unless waived by the Company,
must submit proper evidence satisfactory to the Company of their authority to so
act.

     Endorsements  on Old Notes or  signatures  on bond powers  required by this
Instruction 3 must be  guaranteed  by a firm or other entity  identified in Rule
17Ad-15 under the Exchange Act as an "eligible guarantor institution," including
(as such terms are defined therein) (i) a bank, (ii) broker,  dealer,  municipal
securities broker or dealer or government  securities broker or dealer,  (iii) a
credit  union,  (iv)  a  national  securities  exchange,  registered  securities
association  or  clearing  agency,  or  (v)  a  savings  association  that  is a
participant in a Securities Transfer Association (an "Eligible Institution").

     Signatures  on this  Letter of  Transmittal  need not be  guaranteed  by an
Eligible  Institution if the Old Notes are tendered:  (i) by a registered Holder
of Old Notes (which  term,  for  purposes of the  Exchange  Offer,  includes any
participant in the Book-Entry Transfer Facility whose name appears on a security
position  listing as the Owner of such Old Notes) who has not  completed the box
entitled "Special Issuance  Instructions" or "Special Delivery  Instructions" on
this Letter of Transmittal, or (ii) for the account of an Eligible Institution.

4. Special Issuance and Delivery Instructions.

     Tendering  Holders of Old Notes should  indicate in the  applicable  box on
page 6 of this  Letter of  Transmittal  the name and  address to which New Notes
issued pursuant to the Exchange Offer and/or substitute  certificates evidencing
Old Notes not exchanged are to be issued or sent, if different  from the name or
address  of the  person  signing  this  Letter  of  Transmittal.  In the case of
issuance in a different  name, the employer  identification  or social  security
number of the person named must also be indicated.  Holders  tendering Old Notes
by  book-entry  transfer may request that Old Notes not exchanged be credited to
such account  maintained at the Book-Entry  Transfer Facility as such Holder may
designate  hereon.  If no such  instructions are given,  then such Old Notes not
exchanged  will be returned to the name and address of the person  signing  this
Letter of Transmittal.

5. Taxpayer Identification Number and Backup Withholding.

     Current U.S.  federal  income tax law  generally  requires that a tendering
Holder whose Old Notes are accepted for exchange must provide the Exchange Agent
with such Holder's correct Taxpayer  Identification Number ("TIN") (which in the
case of a tendering  Holder who is an individual,  is his or her social security
number) on the substitute Form W-9 on page 8 of this Letter of  Transmittal.  If
the Company is not  provided  with the  current TIN or an adequate  basis for an
exemption from backup withholding,  then such tendering Holder may be subject to
a $50 penalty imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. In addition, the Exchange
Agent may be required to withhold 30% of the amount of any  reportable  payments
made after the exchange to such tendering Holder of New Notes.

     The Holder is required to give the Exchange  Agent the TIN of the Holder or
of the last  transferee  appearing on the transfers  attached to or endorsed on,
the Old Notes.  If the Old Notes are registered in more than one name or are not
in the  name of the  actual  owner,  the  Holder  should  consult  the  enclosed
"Guidelines for  Certification of Taxpayer  Identification  Number on Substitute
Form W-9" for additional guidance on which number to report.

     Exempt Holders of Old Notes (including,  among others, all corporations and
certain foreign  individuals) may not be subject to these backup withholding and
reporting requirements.  Exempt holders, other than foreign individuals,  should
furnish their TIN,  write  "Exempt" on the face of the  Substitute  Form W-9 and

                                       8


sign,  date  and  return  the  form to the  Exchange  Agent.  See  the  enclosed
Guidelines for  Certification  of Taxpayer  Identification  Number on Substitute
Form W-9 for additional instructions.  A foreign person may qualify as an exempt
recipient by submitting a properly  completed Internal Revenue Service Form W-8,
signed under penalties of perjury, attesting to its exempt status. Such form may
be obtained from the Exchange Agent.

     If a  tendering  Holder  does not have a TIN,  then such  Holder  may write
"applied for" in lieu of its TIN in Part 1 of the Substitute  Form W-9.  Writing
"applied  for" on the form means that such Holder has already  applied for a TIN
or that such Holder  intends to apply for one in the near future.  If the Holder
has indicated  "applied  for," the Holder must also complete the  Certificate of
Awaiting Taxpayer  Identification Number on page 8 of this Letter of Transmittal
in order to avoid backup withholding.  Notwithstanding that the tendering Holder
has  indicated   "applied  for"  and  the   Certificate  of  Awaiting   Taxpayer
Identification  Number has been completed,  the Exchange Agent will withhold 30%
of all reportable  payments made prior to the time that a properly certified TIN
is provided to the Exchange  Agent.  The Exchange Agent will retain such amounts
withheld during the 60-day period following the date of the Substitute Form W-9.
If the Holder furnishes the Exchange Agent with its TIN within 60 days after the
date of the Substitute  Form W-9, the amounts  retained during the 60-day period
will be  remitted  to the Holder and no further  amounts  shall be  retained  or
withheld from payments made to the holder  thereafter.  If, however,  the Holder
has not  provided  the  Exchange  Agent with its TIN within such 60-day  period,
amounts  withheld  will be remitted to the  Internal  Revenue  Service as backup
withholding  and  30% of all  payments  made  thereafter  will be  withheld  and
remitted to the Internal Revenue Service until a correct TIN is provided.

     Backup  withholding is not an additional U.S.  federal income tax.  Rather,
the U.S. federal income tax liability of a person subject to backup  withholding
will be reduced  by the amount of tax  withheld.  If  withholding  results in an
overpayment of tax, a refund may be obtained.

6. Transfer Taxes.

     The Company will pay all transfer taxes, if any, applicable to the transfer
of Old Notes to it or its order pursuant to the Exchange Offer. If, however, New
Notes and/or  substitute  Old Notes not exchanged are to be delivered to, or are
to be registered or issued in the name of, any person other than the  registered
Holder of the Old Notes tendered hereby, or if tendered Old Notes are registered
in the  name of any  person  other  than  the  person  signing  this  Letter  of
Transmittal,  or if a  transfer  tax is imposed  for any  reason  other than the
transfer  of Old Notes to the  Company  or its order  pursuant  to the  Exchange
Offer,  then the  amount of any such  transfer  taxes  (whether  imposed  on the
registered  Holder or any other person) will be payable by the tendering Holder.
If satisfactory  evidence of payment of such taxes or exemption therefrom is not
submitted  herewith,  then the  amount  of such  transfer  taxes  will be billed
directly to such tendering  Holder.  If the tendering  holder is responsible for
the payment of any transfer  taxes in accordance  with this  Instruction 6, then
the  Company  will not be  required  to  deliver  any New  Notes  to,  or at the
discretion  of, the tendering  Holder until such time as such transfer taxes are
paid.

7. No Conditional Tenders.

     No  alternative,  conditional,  irregular  or  contingent  tenders  will be
accepted.  All  tendering  Holders of Old Notes,  by execution of this Letter of
Transmittal,  shall waive any right to receive notice of the acceptance of their
Old Notes for exchange.

8. Mutilated, Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Old Notes.

     Any Holder whose Old Notes have been mutilated,  lost,  stolen or destroyed
should  contact the Exchange  Agent at the address  indicated  above for further
instructions.  This  Letter  of  Transmittal  and  related  documents  cannot be
processed  until  the  procedures  for  replacing  mutilated,  lost,  stolen  or
destroyed certificates have been followed.

9. Withdrawal Rights.

     Tenders of Old Notes may be withdrawn  at any time prior to 5:00 p.m.,  New
York City time,  on the  Expiration  Date.  For a withdrawal  of a tender of Old
Notes to be effective,  a written  notice of withdrawal  must be received by the
Exchange Agent at the address on page 1 of this Letter of  Transmittal  prior to
5:00 p.m.,  New York City  time,  on the  Expiration  Date.  Any such  notice of

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withdrawal must (i) specify the name of the person having tendered the Old Notes
to be withdrawn (the  "Depositor"),  (ii) identify the Old Notes to be withdrawn
(including  certificate  number or numbers and the principal  amount of such Old
Notes),  (iii) contain a statement that such Holder is withdrawing  its election
to have such Old  Notes  exchanged,  (iv) be  signed  by the  Holder in the same
manner as the  original  signature  on the  letter by which  such Old Notes were
tendered  (including  any required  signature  guarantees)  or be accompanied by
documents of transfer to have the Trustee with respect to the Old Notes register
the transfer of such Old Notes in the name of the person  withdrawing the tender
and (v) specify the name in which such Old Notes are  registered,  if  different
from that of the  Depositor.  If Old Notes have been  tendered  pursuant  to the
procedure for book-entry transfer set forth in "The Exchange Offer -- Book-Entry
Transfer"  section of the Prospectus,  any notice of withdrawal must specify the
name and  number  of the  account  at the  Book-Entry  Transfer  Facility  to be
credited with the withdrawn Old Notes and otherwise  comply with the  procedures
of such facility.

     All questions as to the validity,  form and eligibility  (including time of
receipt) of such notices will be determined by the Company,  whose determination
shall be final and binding on all parties.  Any Old Notes so  withdrawn  will be
deemed not to have been  validly  tendered  for  exchange  for  purposes  of the
Exchange  Offer and no New Notes will be issued with respect  thereto unless the
Old Notes so  withdrawn  are  validly  retendered.  Any Old Notes that have been
tendered  for  exchange  but  which are not  exchanged  for any  reason  will be
returned to the Holder  thereof  without cost to such Holder (or, in the case of
Old Notes tendered by book-entry  transfer into the Exchange  Agent's account at
the Book-Entry  Transfer Facility pursuant to the book-entry transfer procedures
set  forth  in  "The  Exchange  Offer  -  Book-Entry  Transfer"  section  of the
Prospectus,  such Old Notes will be credited to an account  maintained  with the
Book-Entry  Transfer  Facility for the Old Notes) as soon as  practicable  after
withdrawal,  rejection of tender or termination of the Exchange Offer.  Properly
withdrawn  Old Notes may be retendered  by following  the  procedures  described
above  at any  time on or  prior  to 5:00  p.m.,  New  York  City  time,  on the
Expiration Date.

10. Irregularities.

     The Company will determine, in its sole discretion, all questions as to the
form,  validity,  eligibility  (including  time of receipt) and  acceptance  for
exchange  of any tender of Old  Notes,  which  determination  shall be final and
binding.  The Company  reserves the absolute right to reject any and all tenders
of  any  particular  Old  Notes  not  properly  tendered  or to not  accept  any
particular Old Notes which  acceptance  might, in the judgment of the Company or
its counsel,  be unlawful.  The Company also reserves the absolute right, in its
sole  discretion,  to waive any defects or  irregularities  or conditions of the
Exchange  Offer as to any  particular  Old  Notes  either  before  or after  the
Expiration  Date (including the right to waive the  ineligibility  of any holder
who seeks to tender Old Notes in the Exchange Offer).  The interpretation of the
terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer as to any particular Old Notes either
before or after the Expiration  Date  (including  this Letter of Transmittal and
the  instructions  hereto)  by the  Company  shall be final and  binding  on all
parties.  Unless waived,  any defects or  irregularities  in connection with the
tender of Old Notes for exchange must be cured within such reasonable  period of
time as the Company shall determine. Neither the Company, the Exchange Agent nor
any other person shall be under any duty to give  notification  of any defect or
irregularity with respect to any tender of Old Notes for exchange, nor shall any
of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.

11. Requests for Assistance or Additional Copies.

     Questions relating to the procedure for tendering,  as well as requests for
additional  copies  of the  Prospectus,  this  Letter of  Transmittal  and other
related  documents  may be directed to the  Exchange  Agent,  at the address and
telephone number indicated on page 1 of this Letter of Transmittal.



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