Exhibit 3.19
BYLAWS OF
AUDIO ENVIRONMENTS, INC.
(A California Corporation)
ARTICLE I
SHAREHOLDERS' MEETING
Section 1. TIME. An annual meeting for the election of directors and
for the transaction of any other proper business and any special meeting shall
be held on the date and at the time as the Board of Directors shall from time to
time fix. Time of Meeting: 10:00 a.m. Date of Meeting: Within five months after
end of fiscal year.
Section 2. PLACE. Annual meetings and special meetings shall be held
at such place, within or without the State of California, as the Directors may,
from time to time, fix. Whenever the Directors shall fail to fix such place, the
meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the corporation.
Section 3. CALL. Annual meetings may be called by the Directors, by
the Chairman of the Board, if any, Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, the
President, if any, and Secretary, or by any officer instructed by the Directors
to call the meeting. Special meetings may be called in like manner and by the
holders of shares entitled to cast not less than ten percent of the votes at the
meeting being called.
Section 4. NOTICE. Written notice stating the place, day and hour of
each meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the general nature of the
business to be transacted or, in the case of an Annual Meeting, those matters
which the Board of Directors, at the time of mailing of the notice, intends to
present for action by the shareholders, shall be given not less than ten days
(or not less than any such other minimum period of days as may be prescribed by
the General Corporation Law) or more than sixty days (or more than any such
maximum period of days as may be prescribed by the General Corporation Law)
before the date of the meeting, by mail, personally, or by other means of
written communication, charges prepaid by or at the direction of the Directors,
the President, if any, the Secretary or the officer or persons calling the
meeting, addressed to each shareholder at his address appearing on the books of
the corporation or given by him to the corporation for the purpose of notice,
or, if no such address appears or is given, at the place where the principal
executive office of the corporation is located or by publication at least once
in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the said principal
executive office is located. Such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when
deposited in the United States mail with first class postage therein prepaid, or
sent by other means of written communication addressed to the shareholder at his
address as it appears on the stock transfer books of the corporation. The notice
of any meeting at which directors are to be elected shall include the names of
nominees intended at the time of notice to be presented by management for
election. At an annual meeting of shareholders, any matter relating to the
affairs of the corporation, whether or not stated in the notice of the meeting,
may be brought up for action except matters which the General Corporation Law
requires to be stated in the notice of the meeting. The notice of any annual or
special meeting shall also include, or be accompanied by, any additional
statements, information, or documents prescribed by the General Corporation Law.
When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice of the adjourned
meeting need not be given if the time and place thereof are announced at the
meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided that, if after the
adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of
the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder. At the adjourned
meeting,
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the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at
the original meeting.
Section 5. CONSENT. The transaction of any meeting, however called and
noticed, and wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly
held after regular call and notice, if a quorum is present and if, either before
or after the meeting, each of the shareholders or his proxy signs a written
waiver of notice or a consent to the holding of the meeting or an approval of
the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents and approvals shall be filed
with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.
Attendance of a person at a meeting constitutes a waiver of notice of such
meeting, except when the person objects, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened and except that attendance at a meeting shall not constitute a waiver
of any right to object to the consideration of matters required by the General
Corporation Law to be included in the notice if such objection is expressly made
at the meeting. Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (f) of Section 601
of the General Corporation Law, neither the business to be transacted at nor the
purpose of any regular or special meeting need be specified in any written
waiver of notice.
Section 6. CONDUCT OF MEETING. Meetings of the shareholders shall be
presided over by one of the following officers in the order of seniority and if
present and acting -- the chairman of the Board, if any, the Vice-Chairman of
the Board, if any, the President, if any, a Vice President, or, if none of the
foregoing is in office and present and acting, by a chairman to be chosen by the
shareholders. The Secretary of the corporation, or in his absence, an Assistant
Secretary, shall act as secretary of every meeting, but, if neither the
Secretary nor an Assistant is present, the Chairman of the meeting shall appoint
a secretary of the meeting.
Section 7. PROXY REPRESENTATION. Every shareholder may authorize
another person or persons to act as his proxy at a meeting or by written action.
No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven months from the date of
its execution unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Every proxy shall be
revocable at the pleasure of the person executing it prior to the vote or
written action pursuant thereto, except as otherwise provided by the General
Corporation Law. As used herein, a "proxy" shall be deemed to mean a written
authorization signed by a shareholder or a shareholder's attorney in fact giving
another person or persons power to vote or consent in writing with respect to
the shares of such shareholder, and "Signed" as used herein shall be deemed to
mean the placing of such shareholder's name on the proxy, whether by manual
signature, typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise by such
shareholder or such shareholder's attorney in fact. Where applicable, the form
of any proxy shall comply with the provisions of Section 604 of the General
Corporation Law.
Section 8. INSPECTORS - APPOINTMENT. In advance of any meeting, the
Board of Directors may appoint inspectors of election to act at the meeting and
any adjournment thereof. If inspectors of election are not so appointed, or, if
any persons so appointed fail to appear or refuse to act, the Chairman of any
meeting of shareholders may, and on the request of any share-holder or a
shareholder's proxy shall, appoint inspectors of election, or persons to replace
any of those who so fail or refuse, at the meeting. The number of inspectors
shall be either one or three. If appointed at a meeting on the request of one or
more shareholders or proxies, the majority of shares represented shall determine
whether one or three inspectors are to be appointed.
The inspectors of election shall determine the number of shares
outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting,
the existence of a quorum, the authenticity, validity, and effect of proxies,
receive votes, ballots, if any, or consents, hear and determine all challenges
and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote, count and
tabulate all votes or consents, determine when the polls shall close, determine
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the result, and do such acts as may be proper to conduct the election or vote
with fairness to all shareholders. If there are three inspectors of election,
the decision, act, or certificate of a majority shall be effective in all
respects as the decision, act, or certificate of all.
Section 9. SUBSIDIARY CORPORATIONS. Shares of this corporation owned
by a subsidiary shall not be entitled to vote on any matter. A subsidiary for
these purposes is defined as a corporation, the shares of which possessing more
than 25% of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares entitled to
vote, are owned directly or indirectly through one or more subsidiaries.
Section 10. QUORUM; VOTE; WRITTEN CONSENT. The holders of a majority
of the voting shares shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of shareholders for
the transaction of any business. The shareholders present at a duly called or
held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do business until
adjournment notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less
than a quorum if any action taken, other than adjournment, is approved by at
least a majority of the shares required to constitute a quorum. In the absence
of a quorum, any meeting of shareholders may be adjourned from time to time by
the vote of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business
may be transacted except as hereinbefore provided.
In the election of directors, a plurality of the votes cast shall
elect. No shareholder shall be entitled to exercise the right of cumulative
voting at a meeting for the election of directors unless the candidate's name or
the candidates' names have been placed in nomination prior to the voting and the
shareholder has given notice at the meeting prior to the voting of the
shareholder's intention to cumulate the shareholder's vote. If any one
shareholder has given such notice, all shareholders may cumulate their votes for
such candidates in nomination.
Except in the election of directors by written consent in lieu of a
meeting, and except as may otherwise be provided by the General Corporation Law,
the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action which may be taken at
any annual or special meeting may be taken without a meeting and without prior
notice, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be
signed by holders of shares having not less than the minimum number of votes
that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which
all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Directors may not be
elected by written consent except by unanimous written consent of all shares
entitled to vote for the election of directors. Notice of any shareholder
approval pursuant to Section 310, 317, 1201 or 2007 without a meeting by less
than unanimous written consent shall be given at least ten days before the
consummation of the action authorized by such approval, and prompt notice shall
be given of the taking of any other corporate action approved by shareholders
without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent to those shareholders
entitled to vote who have not consented in writing.
Section 11. BALLOT. Elections of directors at a meeting need not be by
ballot unless a shareholder demands election by ballot at the election and
before the voting begins. In all other matters, voting need not be by ballot.
Section 12. SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENTS. Notwithstanding the above
provisions in the event this corporation elects to become a close corporation,
an agreement between two or more shareholders thereof, if in writing and signed
by the parties thereof, may provide that in exercising any voting rights the
shares held by them shall be voted as provided therein or in Section 706, and
may otherwise modify these provisions as to shareholders' meetings and actions.
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ARTICLE II
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. FUNCTIONS. The business and affairs of the corporation
shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the
direction of its Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate the
management of the day-to-day operation of the business of the corporation to a
management company or other person, provided that the business and affairs of
the corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised
under the ultimate direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors
shall have authority to fix the compensation of directors for services in any
lawful capacity.
Each director shall exercise such powers and otherwise perform such
duties in good faith, in the manner such director believes to be in the best
interests of the corporation, and with care, including reasonable inquiry, using
ordinary prudence, as a person in a like position would use under similar
circumstances. (Section 309).
Section 2. EXCEPTANCE FOR CLOSE CORPORATION. Notwithstanding the
provisions of Section 1, in the event that this corporation shall elect to
become a close corporation as defined in Section 186, its shareholders may enter
into a Shareholders' Agreement as provided in Section 300 (b). Said Agreement
may provide for the exercise of corporate powers and the management of the
business and affairs of this corporation by the shareholders, provided however
such agreement shall, to the extent and so long as the discretion or the powers
of the Board in its management of corporate affairs is controlled by such
agreement, impose upon each shareholder who is a party thereof, liability for
managerial acts performed or omitted by such person pursuant thereto otherwise
imposed upon Directors as provided in Section 300 (d).
Section 3. QUALIFICATIONS AND NUMBER. A director need not be a
shareholder of the corporation, a citizen of the United States, or a resident of
the state of California. The authorized number of directors constituting the
Board of Directors until further changed shall be three. Thereafter, the
authorized number of directors constituting the Board shall be at least three
provided that, whenever the corporation shall have only two shareholders, the
number of directors may be at least two, and, whenever the corporation shall
have only one shareholder, the number of directors may be at least one. Subject
to the foregoing provisions, the number of directors may be changed from time to
time by an amendment of these Bylaws adopted by the shareholders.
Section 4. ELECTION AND TERM. The initial Board of Directors shall
consist of the persons elected at the meeting of the incorporator, all of whom
shall hold office until the first annual meeting of shareholders and until their
successors have been elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation
or removal from office. Thereafter, directors who are elected to replace any or
all of the members of the initial Board of Directors or who are elected at an
annual meeting of share-holders, and directors who are elected in the interim to
fill vacancies, shall hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders,
and directors who are elected in the interim to fill vacancies, shall hold
office until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until their successors
have been elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation, removal
from office, or death. In the interim between annual meetings of shareholders or
of special meetings of shareholders called for the election of directors, any
vacancies in the Board of Directors, including vacancies resulting from an
increase in the authorized number of directors which have not been filled by the
shareholders, including any other vacancies which the General Corporation Law
authorizes directors to fill, and including vacancies resulting from the removal
of directors which are not filled at the meeting of shareholders at which any
such removal has been effected, if the Articles of Incorporation or a Bylaw
adopted by the shareholders so provides, may be filled by the vote of a majority
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of the directors then in office or of the sole remaining director, although less
than a quorum exists. Any director may resign effective upon giving written
notice to the Chairman of the Board, if any, the President, the Secretary or the
Board of Directors, unless the notice specifies a later time for the
effectiveness of such resignation. If the resignation is effective at a future
time, a successor may be elected to the office when the resignation becomes
effective.
The shareholders may elect a director at any time to fill any vacancy
which the directors are entitled to fill, but which they have not filled. Any
such election by written consent shall require the consent of a majority of the
shares.
Section 5. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND
AGENTS. The corporation may indemnify any Director, Officer, agent or employee
as to those liabilities and on those terms and conditions as are specified in
Section 317. In any event, the corporation shall have the right to purchase and
maintain insurance on behalf of any such persons whether or not the corporation
would have the power to indemnify such person against the liability insured
against.
Section 6. MEETINGS.
TIME. Meetings shall be held at such time as the Board shall fix,
except that the first meeting of a newly elected Board shall be held as soon
after its election as the directors may conveniently assemble.
PLACE. Meetings may be held at any place, within or without the State
of California, which has been designated in any notice of the meeting, or, if
not stated in said notice, or, if there is no notice given at the place
designated by resolution of the Board of Directors.
CALL. Meetings may be called by the Chairman of the Board, if any and
acting, by the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, by the President, if any, by
any Vice President or Secretary, or by any two directors.
NOTICE OF WAIVER THEREOF. No notice shall be required for regular
meetings for which the time and place have been fixed by the Board of Directors.
Special meetings shall be held upon at least four days' notice by mail or upon
at least forty-eight hours' notice delivered personally or by telephone or
telegraph. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director who signs a
waiver of notice, whether before or after the meeting, or who attends the
meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of
notice to such director. A notice or waiver of notice need not specify the
purpose of any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors.
Section 7. SOLE DIRECTOR PROVIDED BY ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION. In the
event only one director is required by the Bylaws or Articles of Incorporation,
then any reference herein to notices, waivers, consents, meetings or other
actions by a majority or quorum of the directors shall be deemed to refer to
such notice, waiver, etc., by such sole director, who shall have all the rights
and duties and shall be entitled to exercise all of the powers and shall assume
all the responsibilities otherwise herein described as given to a Board of
Directors.
Section 8. QUORUM AND ACTION. A majority of the authorized number of
directors shall constitute a quorum except when a vacancy or vacancies prevents
such majority, whereupon a majority of the directors in office shall constitute
a quorum, provided such majority shall constitute at least either one-third of
the authorized number of directors or at least two directors, whichever is
larger, or unless the authorized number of directors is only one. A majority of
the directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may
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adjourn any meeting to another time and place. If the meeting is adjourned for
more than twenty-four hours, notice of any adjournment to another time or place
shall be given prior to the time of the adjourned meeting to the directors, if
any, who were not present at the time of the adjournment. Except as the Articles
of Incorporation, these Bylaws and the General Corporation Law may otherwise
provide, the act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present
at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the
Board of Directors. Members of the Board of Directors may participate in a
meeting through use of conference telephone or similar communications equipment,
so long as all members participating in such meeting can hear one another and
participation by such use shall be deemed to constitute presence in person at
any such meeting.
A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to
transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, provided that any
action which may be taken is approved by at least a majority of the required
quorum for such meeting.
Section 9. CHAIRMAN OF THE MEETING. The Chairman of the Board, if any
and if present and acting, the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any and if present
and acting, shall preside at all meetings. Otherwise, the President, if any and
present and acting, or any director chosen by the Board, shall preside.
Section 10. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. The entire Board of Directors or any
individual director may be removed from office without cause by approval of the
holders of at least a majority of the shares provided, that unless the entire
Board is removed, an individual director shall not be removed when the votes
cast against such removal, or not consenting in writing to such removal, would
be sufficient to elect such director if voted cumulatively at an election of
directors at which the same total number of votes were cast, or, if such action
is taken by written consent, in lieu of a meeting, all shares entitled to vote
were voted, and the entire number of directors authorized at the time of the
director's most recent election were then being elected. If any or all directors
are so removed, new directors may be elected at the same meeting or by such
written consent. The Board of Directors may declare vacant the office of any
director who has been declared of unsound mind by an order of court or convicted
of a felony.
Section 11. COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted
by a majority of the authorized number of directors, may designate one or more
committees, each consisting of two or more directors to serve at the pleasure of
the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more
directors as alternate members of any such committee, who may replace any absent
member at any meeting of such committee. Any such committee, to the extent
provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have all the
authority of the Board of Directors except such authority as may not be
delegated by the provisions of the General Corporation Law.
Section 12. INFORMAL ACTION. The transactions of any meeting of the
Board of Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as
valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a
quorum is present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the
directors not present sign a written waiver of notice, a consent to holding the
meeting, or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents, or
approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the
minutes of the meeting.
Section 13. WRITTEN ACTION. Any action required or permitted to be
taken may be taken without a meeting if all of the members of the Board of
Directors shall individually or collectively consent in writing to such action.
Any such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the
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proceedings of the Board. Such action by written consent shall have the same
force and effect as a unanimous vote of such directors.
ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
Section 1. OFFICERS. The officers of the corporation shall be a
Chairman of the Board or a President or both, a Secretary and a Chief Financial
officer. The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board of
Directors, one or more Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries and
such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of
Section 3 of this Article. One person may hold two or more offices.
Section 2. ELECTION. The officers of the corporation, except such
officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 or
Section 5 of this Article shall be chosen annually by the Board of Directors,
and each shall hold his office until he shall resign or shall be removed or
otherwise disqualified to serve, or his successor shall be elected and
qualified.
Section 3. SUBORDINATE OFFICERS, ETC. The Board of Directors may
appoint such other officers as the business of the corporation may require, each
of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such
duties as are provided in the Bylaws or as the Board of Directors may from time
to time determine.
Section 4. REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION. Any officer may be removed, either
with or without cause, by a majority of the directors at the time in office, at
any regular or special meeting of the Board, or, except in case of an officer
chosen by the Board of Directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal
may be conferred by the Board of Directors.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
Board of Directors, or to the President, or to the Secretary of the corporation.
Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice
or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein,
the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Section 5. VACANCIES. A vacancy in any office because of death,
resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the
manner prescribed in the Bylaws for regular appointments to such office.
Section 6. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Chairman of the Board, if there
shall be such an officer, shall, if present, preside at all meetings of the
Board of Directors, and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may
be from time to time assigned to him by the Board of Directors or prescribed by
the Bylaws.
Section 7. PRESIDENT. Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as
may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, if there be
such an officer, the President shall be the Chief Executive officer of the
corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have
general supervision, direction and control of the business and officers of the
corporation. He shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and in the
absence of the Chairman of the Board, or if there be none, at all meetings of
the Board of Directors. He shall be ex officio a member of all the standing
committees, including the Executive Committee, if any, and shall have the
general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of
President of a corporation, and shall have such other powers and duties as may
be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws.
Section 8. VICE PRESIDENT. In the absence or disability of the
President, the Vice Presidents, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of
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Directors, or if not ranked, the Vice President designated by the Board of
Directors, shall perform all the duties of the President, and when so acting
shall have all the powers of, and be subject to, all the restrictions upon, the
President. The Vice Presidents shall have such other powers and perform such
other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the
Board of Directors or the Bylaws.
Section 9. SECRETARY. The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, a
book of minutes at the principal office or such other place as the Board of
Directors may order, of all meetings of Directors and Shareholders, with the
time and place of holding, whether regular or special, and if special, how
authorized, the notice thereof given, the names of those present at Directors'
meetings, the number of shares present or represented at Shareholders' meetings
and the proceedings thereof.
The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal office
or at the office of the corporation's transfer agent, a share register, or
duplicate share register, showing the names of the shareholders and their
addresses; the number and classes of shares held by each; the number and date of
certifi-cates issued for the same; and the number and date of cancellation of
every certificate surrendered for cancellation.
The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all the
meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors required by the
Bylaws or by law to be given, and he shall keep the seal of the corporation in
safe custody, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as
may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by the Bylaws.
Section 10. CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. This officer shall keep and
maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, adequate and correct accounts of the properties
and business transactions of the corporation, including accounts of its assets,
liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, earnings (or
surplus) and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open
to inspection by any director.
This officer shall deposit all monies and other valuables in the name
and to the credit of the corporation with such depositaries as may be designated
by the Board of Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may
be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the President and by the
Board of Directors, shall render to the President and directors, whenever they
request it, an account of all his transactions and of the financial condition of
the corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties
as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws.
ARTICLE IV
CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFERS OF SHARES
Section 1. CERTIFICATE FOR SHARES. Each certificate for shares of the
corporation shall set forth therein the name of the record holder of the shares
represented thereby, the number of shares and the class or series of shares
owned by said holder, the par value, if any, of the shares represented thereby,
and such other statements, as applicable, prescribed by sections 416 - 419,
inclusive, and other relevant Sections of the General Corporation Law of the
State of California (the "General Corpora-tion Law") and such other statements,
as applicable, which may be prescribed by the Corporate Securities Law of the
State of California and any other applicable provision of the law. Each such
certificate issued shall be signed in the name of the corporation by the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or the Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors, if any, the President, if any, or a Vice President, if any, and by
the Chief Financial Officer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate for shares
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may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has
signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate for
shares shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before
such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same
effect as if such person were an officer, transfer agent or registrar at the
date of issue.
In the event that the corporation shall issue the whole or any part of
its shares as partly paid and subject to call for the remainder of the
consideration to be paid therefor, any such certificate for shares shall set
forth thereon the statements prescribed by Section 409 of the General
Corporation Law.
Section 2. LOST OR DESTROYED CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES. The corporation
may issue a new certificate for shares or for any other security in the place of
any other certificate theretofore issued by it, which is alleged to have been
lost, stolen or destroyed. As a condition to such issuance, the corporation may
require any such owner of the allegedly lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or
any such owner's legal representative to give the corporation a bond, or other
adequate security, sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made
against it, including any expense or liability, on account of the alleged loss,
theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new
certificate.
Section 3. SHARE TRANSFERS. Upon compliance with any provisions of the
General Corporation Law and/or the Corporate Securities Law of 1968 which may
restrict the transferability of shares, transfers of shares of the corporation
shall be made only on the record of shareholders of the corporation by the
register-ed holder thereof, or by his attorney thereunto authorized by power of
attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the corporation or with a
transfer agent or a registrar, if any, and on surrender of the certificate or
certificates for such shares properly endorsed and the payment of all taxes, if
any, due thereon.
Section 4. RECORD DATE FOR SHAREHOLDERS. In order that the corporation
may determine the shareholders entitled to notice of any meeting or to vote or
be entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or
allotment of any rights or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date
which shall not be more than sixty days or fewer than ten days prior to the date
of such meeting or more than sixty days prior to any other action.
If the Board of Directors shall not have fixed a record date as
aforesaid, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of business on the
business day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is
waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on
which the meeting is held; the record date for determining shareholders entitled
to give consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior
action by the Board of Directors has been taken, shall be the day on which the
first written consent is given; and the record date for determining shareholders
for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto, or the sixtieth day
prior to the day of such other action, whichever is later.
A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to
vote at a meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting
unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting,
but the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date if the meeting is
adjourned for more than forty-five days from the date set for the original
meeting.
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Except as may be otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law,
shareholders on the record date shall be entitled to notice and to vote or to
receive any dividend, distribution or allotment of rights or to exercise the
rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the
books of the corporation after the record date.
Section 5. REPRESENTATION OF SHARES IN OTHER CORPORATIONS. Shares of
other corporations standing in the name of this corporation may be voted or
represented and all incidents thereto may be exercised on behalf of the
corporation by the Chairman of the Board, the President or any Vice President or
any other person authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 6. MEANING OF CERTAIN TERMS. As used in these Bylaws in
respect of the right to notice of a meeting of share-holders or a waiver thereof
or to participate or vote thereat or to assent or consent or dissent in writing
in lieu of a meeting, as the case may be, the term "share" or "shares" or
"shareholder" or "shareholders" refers to an outstanding share or shares and to
a holder or holders of record or outstanding shares when the corporation is
authorized to issue only one class of shares, and said reference is also
intended to include any outstanding share or shares and any holder or holders of
record of outstanding shares of any class upon which or upon whom the Articles
of Incorporation confer such rights where there are two or more classes or
series of shares or upon which or upon whom the General Corporation Law confers
such rights notwithstanding that the Articles of Incorporation may provide for
more than one class or series of shares, one or more of which are limited or
denied such rights thereunder.
Section 7. CLOSE CORPORATION CERTIFICATES. All certificates
representing shares of this corporation, in the event it shall elect to become a
close corporation, shall contain the legend required by Section 418(c).
ARTICLE V
EFFECT OF SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENTS-CLOSE CORPORATION
Any Shareholders' Agreement authorized by Section 300 (b) shall only
be effective to modify the terms of these Bylaws if this corporation elects to
become a close corporation with appropriate filing of or amendment to its
Articles as required by Section 202 and shall terminate when this corporation
ceases to be a close corporation. Such an agreement cannot waive or alter
Section 158 (defining close corporations), 202 (requirements of Articles of
Incorporation), 500 and 501 relative to distribu-tions, 111 (merger), 1201(e)
(reorganization) or Chapters 15 (Records and Reports), 16 (Rights of
Inspection), 18 (Involuntary Dissolution) or 22 (Crimes and Penalties). Any
other provisions of the Code or these Bylaws may be altered or waived thereby,
but to the extent they are not so altered or waived, these Bylaws shall be
applicable.
ARTICLE VI
CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS-HOW EXECUTED
The Board of Directors, except as in the Bylaws otherwise provided,
may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any
contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the
corporation. Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
Unless so authorized by the Board of Directors, no officer, agent or employee
shall have any power or authority to bind the corpora-tion by any contract or
agreement, or to pledge its credit, or to render it liable for any purposes or
any amount, except as provided in Section 313 of the Corporations Code.
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ARTICLE VII
CONTROL OVER BYLAWS
The Bylaws may be amended or repealed or new Bylaws may be adopted by
the shareholders entitled to exercise a majority of the voting power or by the
Board of Directors; provided, however, that the Board of Directors shall have no
control over any Bylaw which fixes or changes the authorized number of directors
of the corporation; provided, further, that any control over the Bylaws herein
vested in the Board of Directors shall be subject to the authority of the
aforesaid shareholders to amend or repeal the Bylaws or to adopt new Bylaws; and
provided further that any Bylaw amendment or new Bylaw which changes the minimum
number of directors to fewer than five shall require authorization by the
greater proportion of voting power of the shareholders as hereinbefore set
forth.
ARTICLE VIII
BOOKS AND RECORDS - STATUTORY AGENT
Section 1. RECORDS: STORAGE AND INSPECTION. The corporation shall keep
at its principal executive office in the State of California, or, if its
principal executive office is not in the State of California, the original or a
copy of the Bylaws as amended to date, which shall be open to inspection by the
shareholders at all reasonable times during office hours. If the principal
executive office of the corporation is outside the State of California, and, if
the corporation has no principal business office in the State of California, it
shall upon request of any shareholder furnish a copy of The Bylaws as amended to
date.
The corporation shall keep adequate and correct books and records of
account and shall keep minutes of the proceedings of its shareholders, Board of
Directors and committees, if any, of the Board of Directors. The corporation
shall keep at its principal executive office, or at the office of its transfer
agent or registrar, a record of its shareholders, giving the names and addresses
of all shareholders and the number and class of shares held by each. Such
minutes shall be in written form. Such other books and records shall be kept
either in written form or in any other form capable of being converted into
written form.
Section 2. RECORD OF PAYMENTS. All checks, drafts or other orders for
payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, issued in the name
of or payable to the corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such person or
persons and in such manner as shall be determined from time to time by
resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 3. ANNUAL REPORT. Whenever the corporation shall have fewer
than one hundred shareholders, the Board of Directors shall not be required to
cause to be sent to the shareholders of the corporation the annual report
prescribed by Section 1501 of the General Corporation Law unless it shall
determine that a useful purpose would be served by causing the same to be sent
or unless the Department of Corporations, pursuant to the provisions of the
Corporate Securities Law of 1968, shall direct the sending of the same.
Section 4. AGENT FOR SERVICE. The name of the agent for service of
process within the state of California is Stephen F. Jones.
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CERTIFICATE BY SECRETARY OF ADOPTION BY DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS
THIS IS TO CERTIFY:
That I am the duly-elected, qualified and acting Secretary of the
above-named corporation and that the above and foregoing Amended Bylaws were
adopted by the shareholders and directors at their joint meeting on August 15,
1984.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of
August 1984.
/s/ Marla Jones
------------------------
SEAL
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AMENDMENT TO BY LAWS OF AUDIO ENVIRONMENTS, INC., MADE AUGUST 15, 1997 AND
EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 21, 1997, OR AT SUCH LATER DATE WHEN AMENDED ARTICLES
OF INCORPORATION ARE FILED WITH THE SECRETARY OF STATE
Section 3 of Article II of the Bylaws of the corporation are amended to read as
follows:
Section 3. QUALIFICATIONS AND NUMBER. A director need not be a
shareholder of the corporation, a citizen of the United States, or a
resident of the State of California. Until further changed, the
authorized number of directors constituting the Board of Directors
shall be four; provided that whenever the corporation shall have only
two shareholders, the number of directors may be at least two, and,
whenever the corporation shall have only one shareholder, the number
of directors may be at least one. Subject to the foregoing provisions,
the number of directors may be changed from time to time by an
amendment of these Bylaws adopted by the shareholders.
CERTIFICATE BY SECRETARY OF ADOPTION B
DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF
AMENDMENT TO BYLAWS
THIS IS TO CERTIFY:
That I am the duly-elected, qualified and acting Secretary of Audio
Environments, Inc., the above named corporation, and that the foregoing
Amendment to Bylaws was adopted by the shareholders and directors by unanimous
concurrence and vote at their joint meeting on August 15, 1997.
The action by the shareholders and directors was effective September 21, 1997,
or at such later date when the amended Articles of Incorporation approved at
that same meeting are filed with the Secretary of State.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of August 1997.
/s/ Marla Jones
------------------------
Secretary
SEAL