POWER OF ATTORNEY

	For Executing Forms 3, 4 and 5

Know all by these present, that the undersigned hereby constitutes
and appoints each Gifford R. Zimmerman, Larry W. Martin,
Kevin J. McCarthy, Mary E. Keefe and Demark L. Winget,
his/her true and lawful attorney-in-fact to:

(1)		execute for and on behalf of the undersigned
Forms 3, 4 and 5 (and any amendments thereto) in connection
with the Nuveen Investments Closed-End Exchange Traded Funds
and in accordance with the requirements of Section 16(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f) of the
Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder;

(2)		do and perform any and all acts for and on
behalf of the undersigned which may be necessary or desirable
in connection with the execution and timely filing of any
such Form 3, 4 and 5 (and any amendment thereto) with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the
New York Stock Exchange and any other authority; and

(3)		take any other action of any type whatsoever
in connection with the foregoing which, in the opinion of
such attorney-in-fact, may be of benefit to, in the best
interest of, or legally required by, the undersigned, it
being understood that the documents executed by such
attorney-in-fact on behalf of the undersigned pursuant
to this Power of Attorney shall be in such form and shall
contain such terms and conditions as such attorney-in-fact
may approve in his/her discretion.

The undersigned hereby grants to each such attorney-in-fact
full power and authority to do and perform each and every act
and thing whatsoever requisite, necessary and proper to be
done in the exercise of any of the rights and powers herein
granted, as fully to all intents and purposes as such
attorney-in-fact might or could do if personally present,
with the full power of substitute, by virtue of this
power of attorney and the rights and powers herein granted.
The undersigned acknowledges that the foregoing
attorneys-in-fact, in serving in such capacity at the
request of the undersigned, are not assuming any of the
undersigned's responsibilities to comply with Section 16
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f)
of the Investment Company Act of 1940.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this
Power of Attorney to be executed as of this _23rd_ day
of _February_ 2009__.


/s/ Christopher M. Rohrbacher
Signature

Christopher M. Rohrbacher
Print Name

STATE OF Illinois	)
			)
COUNTY OF Cook		)


On this _23rd_ day of _February_ 2009_, personally
appeared before me, a Notary Public in and for said
County and State, the person named above who is known
to me to be the person whose name and signature is
affixed to the foregoing Power of Attorney and who
acknowledged the same to be his voluntary act and
deed for the intent and purposes therein set forth.



	___/s/ Mary Catherine Finneran_______
	Notary Public
My Commission Expires:  02/06/10