POWER OF ATTORNEY

	For Executing Forms 3, 4 and 5

Know all by these present, that the undersigned hereby constitutes
and appoints each Gifford R. Zimmerman, Larry W. Martin,
Kevin J. McCarthy, Mary E. Keefe, Christopher M. Rohrbacher and
Demark L. Winget, his/her true and lawful attorney-in-fact to:

(1)		execute for and on behalf of the undersigned
Forms 3, 4 and 5 (and any amendments thereto) in connection with
the Nuveen Investments Closed-End Exchange Traded Funds and in
accordance with the requirements of Section 16(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f) of the
Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder;

(2)		do and perform any and all acts for and on behalf
of the undersigned which may be necessary or desirable in
connection with the execution and timely filing of any such
Form 3, 4 and 5 (and any amendment thereto) with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the
New York Stock Exchange and any other authority; and

(3)		take any other action of any type whatsoever in
connection with the foregoing which, in the opinion of such
attorney-in-fact, may be of benefit to, in the best interest of,
or legally required by, the undersigned, it being understood that
the documents executed by such attorney-in-fact on behalf of the
undersigned pursuant to this Power of Attorney shall be in such
form and shall contain such terms and conditions as such
attorney-in-fact may approve in his/her discretion.

The undersigned hereby grants to each such attorney-in-fact full
power and authority to do and perform each and every act and
thing whatsoever requisite, necessary and proper to be done in
the exercise of any of the rights and powers herein granted, as
fully to all intents and purposes as such attorney-in-fact might
or could do if personally present, with the full power of
substitute, by virtue of this power of attorney and the rights
and powers herein granted.  The undersigned acknowledges that
the foregoing attorneys-in-fact, in serving in such capacity at
the request of the undersigned, are not assuming any of the
undersigned's responsibilities to comply with Section 16 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f) of the
Investment Company Act of 1940.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this
Power of Attorney to be executed as of this _3rd_ day
of _March_ 2009__.


/s/ Margo L. Cook
Signature

Margo L. Cook
Print Name

STATE OF Illinois	)
			)
COUNTY OF Cook		)


On this _3rd_ day of _March_ 2009_, personally appeared before me,
a Notary Public in and for said County and State, the person
named above who is known to me to be the person whose name and
signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of Attorney and who
acknowledged the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.



____/s/ Mary Catherine Finneran	__
Notary Public
My Commission Expires:  02/06/10