POWER OF ATTORNEY

	For Executing Forms 3, 4 and 5

Know all by these present, that the undersigned hereby constitutes
and appoints each Gifford R. Zimmerman, Larry W. Martin,
Kevin J. McCarthy, Mary E. Keefe, Christopher M. Rohrbacher and
Demark L. Winget, his/her true and lawful attorney-in-fact to:

(1)		execute for and on behalf of the undersigned
Forms 3, 4 and 5 (and any amendments thereto) in connection
with the Nuveen Investments Closed-End Exchange Traded Funds
and in accordance with the requirements of Section 16(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f) of the
Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder;

(2)		do and perform any and all acts for and on
behalf of the undersigned which may be necessary or desirable
in connection with the execution and timely filing of any such
Form 3, 4 and 5 (and any amendment thereto) with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the New York
Stock Exchange and any other authority; and

(3)		take any other action of any type whatsoever
in connection with the foregoing which, in the opinion of such
attorney-in-fact, may be of benefit to, in the best interest of,
or legally required by, the undersigned, it being understood
that the documents executed by such attorney-in-fact on behalf
of the undersigned pursuant to this Power of Attorney shall be
in such form and shall contain such terms and conditions as
such attorney-in-fact may approve in his/her discretion.

The undersigned hereby grants to each such attorney-in-fact full
power and authority to do and perform each and every act and
thing whatsoever requisite, necessary and proper to be done
in the exercise of any of the rights and powers herein granted,
as fully to all intents and purposes as such attorney-in-fact
might or could do if personally present, with the full power
of substitute, by virtue of this power of attorney and the
rights and powers herein granted.  The undersigned acknowledges
that the foregoing attorneys-in-fact, in serving in such
capacity at the request of the undersigned, are not assuming
any of the undersigned's responsibilities to comply with
Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and
Section 30(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this
Power of Attorney to be executed as of this _17th_ day
of _February        2009_.


/s/ James Ruane
Signature

James Ruane
Print Name

STATE OF Illinois	)
			)
COUNTY OF Cook		)


On this 17th_ day of _ February    2009_, personally appeared before me, a
Notary Public in and for said County and State, the person named above who is
known to me to be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the
foregoing Power of Attorney and who acknowledged the same to be his voluntary
act and deed for the intent and purposes therein set forth.



___/s/ Mary Catherine Finneran
Notary Public
My Commission Expires:  February 6, 2010