POWER OF ATTORNEY

                         For Executing Forms 3, 4 and 5

Know all by these present,  that the undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints
each Gifford R. Zimmerman,  Larry W. Martin,  Kevin J.
McCarthy and Mary E. Keefe, his/her true and lawful attorney-in-fact to:

(1)       execute for and on behalf of the undersigned Forms 3, 4 and 5 (and any
          amendments thereto) in connection with the Nuveen Investments
          Closed-End Exchange Traded Funds and in accordance with the
          requirements of Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
          and Section 30(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules
          thereunder;

(2)       do and perform any and all acts for and on behalf of the undersigned
          which may be necessary or desirable in connection with the execution
          and timely filing of any such Form 3, 4 and 5 (and any amendment
          thereto) with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission,
          the New York Stock Exchange and any other authority; and

(3)       take any other action of any type whatsoever in connection with the
          foregoing which, in the opinion of such attorney-in-fact, may be of
          benefit to, in the best interest of, or legally required by, the
          undersigned, it being understood that the documents executed by such
          attorney-in-fact on behalf of the undersigned pursuant to this Power
          of Attorney shall be in such form and shall contain such terms and
          conditions as such attorney-in-fact may approve in his/her discretion.

The undersigned hereby grants to each such attorney-in-fact full power and
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever requisite,
necessary and proper to be done in the exercise of any of the rights and powers
herein granted, as fully to all intents and purposes as such attorney-in-fact
might or could do if personally present, with the full power of substitute, by
virtue of this power of attorney and the rights and powers herein granted. The
undersigned acknowledges that the foregoing attorneys-in-fact, in serving in
such capacity at the request of the undersigned, are not assuming any of the
undersigned's responsibilities to comply with Section 16 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Power of Attorney to be
executed as of this 29th day of May 2007.


                         /s/ Judith M. Stockdale
                         -----------------------------------------------------
                         Signature

                         Judith M. Stockdale
                         -----------------------------------------------------
                         Print Name

STATE OF ILLINOIS                   )
                                    )
COUNTY OF COOK                      )


On this 29th day of May 2007, personally appeared before me, a Notary Public in
and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to me to be
the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of
Attorney and who acknowledged the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.



                                                  ____/s/ Jose A. Visaya_______
                                                      ------------------
                                                  Notary Public
My Commission Expires: 05/15/2009