JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
In accordance with Rule 13d-1(k)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), the undersigned hereby agree to
any and all joint filings required to be made on their behalf on Schedule
13G (including amendments thereto) under the Exchange Act, with respect to
securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by them under the
Exchange Act, and that this Agreement be included as an Exhibit to any such
joint filing. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts
all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned hereby execute this Agreement
effective as of the date set forth below.
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| Banks/Bank Holding Companies |
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THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON BNY MELLON, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
CORPORATION
By: /S/ MITCHELL E.HARRIS By: /S/ DONALD HEBERLE
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Mitchell E. Harris Donald Heberle
Chief Executive Officer, Chief Executive Officer
Investment Management
Date: March 17, 2017 Date: September 16, 2015
BNY MELLON, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON SA/NV
By: /S/ THOMAS J. DICKER By: /S/ LAURA AHTO
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Thomas J. Dicker Laura Ahto
Chief Operating Officer Chief Executive Officer
Date: October 9, 2015 Date: May 17, 2016
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON
By: /S/ MITCHELL E. HARRIS By: /S/ CURTIS ARLEDGE
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Mitchell E. Harris Curtis Arledge
Senior Executive Vice President Vice Chairman
Date: August 27, 2015 Date: August 26, 2015
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST
COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
By: /S/ ANTONIO PORTUONDO By: /S/ KURTIS R. KURIMSKY
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Antonio Portuondo Kurtis R. Kurimsky
President Executive Vice President
Date: October 20, 2015 Date: March 8, 2016
BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE
By: /S/ JAMES P. AMBAGIS By: /S/ LEE JAMES WOOLLEY
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James P. Ambagis Lee James Woolley
President Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer
Date: October 21, 2015 Date: October 19, 2015
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| Investment Advisers and/or Broker-Dealers |
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PERSHING LLC BNY MELLON CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
By: /S/ CLAIRE SANTANIELLO By: /S/ JEFF GEARHART
--------------------- ----------------------
Claire Santaniello Jeff Gearhart
Chief Administrative Officer Chief Operating Officer
and Chief Risk Officer
Date: May 24, 2016 Date: October 19, 2016
ARX INVESTIMENTOS LTDA ARX INVESTIMENTOS LTDA
By: /S/ CAMILA SOUZA By: /S/ GUILHERME ABRY
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Camila Souza Guilherme Abry
Director Director
Date: January 4, 2016 Date: January 4, 2016
BNY MELLON SERVICOS FINANCEIROS BNY MELLON SERVICOS FINANCEIROS
DISTRIBUIDORA DE TITULOS E VALORES DISTRIBUIDORA DE TITULOS E VALORES
MOBILIARIOS S.A. MOBILIARIOS S.A.
By: /S/ CARLOS ALBERTO SARAIVA By: /S/ MARCUS VINICIUS MATHIAS PEREIRA
---------------------- -----------------------------------
Carlos Alberto Saraiva Marcus Vinicius Mathias Pereira
Director Director
Date: May 5, 2016 Date: May 5, 2016
BNY MELLON INVESTMENT ADVISER, INC INSIGHT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
(GLOBAL) LIMITED
By: /S/ JAMES BITETTO By: /s/ CHARLES FARQUHARSON
---------------------- ----------------------
James Bitetto Charles Farquharson
Secretary Chief Risk Officer
Date: June 03, 2019 Date: February 16, 2016
BNY MELLON ADVISORS, INC. BNY MELLON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
JAPAN LIMITED
By: /S/ JOEL HEMPEL By: /S/ SHOGO YAMAGUCHI
---------------------- ---------------------
Joel Hempel Shogo Yamaguchi
President and Chief Representative Director
Operating Officer Chairman and President
Date: June 15, 2023 Date: April 10, 2020
MELLON INVESTMENTS CORPORATION BNY MELLON SECURITIES CORPORATION
By: /S/ JENNIFER CASSEDY By: /S/ KENNETH J. BRADLE
---------------------- ---------------------
Jennifer Cassedy Kenneth J. Bradle
Chief Compliance Officer President
Date: January 10, 2019 Date: JUNE 03, 2019
NEWTON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LIMITED INSIGHT NORTH AMERICA LLC
By: /S/ JAMES HELBY By: /S/ JOHN ARIOLA
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James Helby John Ariola
Director Head of Financial Analysis
Date: July 17, 2015 Date: December 7, 2016
WALTER SCOTT & PARTNERS LIMITED INSIGHT INVESTMENT INTERNATIONAL
LIMITED
By: /S/ RODGER NISBET By: /S/ LEE PALMER
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Rodger Nisbet Lee Palmer
Executive Chairman Chief Compliance Officer
Date: July 15, 2015 Date: February 14, 2018
NEWTON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT NEWTON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
NORTH AMERICA, LLC JAPAN LTD
By: /S/ Michael Germano By: /S/IZUMI CHIHARA
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Michael Germano Izumi Chihara
Chief Executive Officer Representative Director
Date: August 20, 2021 Date: February 02, 2023
BNY MELLON TRUST COMPANY BNY MELLON TRUST COMPANY
(CAYMAN) LIMITED (CAYMAN) LIMITED
By: CANELLA SECRETARIES By: CANELLA SECRETARIES
(CAYMAN) LTD, SECRETARY (CAYMAN) LTD, SECRETARY
By: /S/GILLIAN NELSON By: /S/ PATRICIA BRUZIO
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Gillian Nelson Patricia Bruzio
Authorized Person Authorized Person
Date: May 17, 2016 Date: May 17, 2016
BNY MELLON ETF INVESTMENT
ADVISER, LLC
By: /S/ JENNIFER CASSEDY
----------------------
Jennifer Cassedy
Chief Compliance Officer
Date: December 04, 2019
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| Parent Holding Companies/Control Persons |
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B.N.Y. HOLDINGS (DELAWARE) CORPORATION PERSHING GROUP LLC
By: /S/ JAMES P. AMBAGIS By: /S/ CLAIRE SANTANIELLO
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James P. Ambagis Claire Santaniello
President Chief Administrative Officer
and Chief Risk Officer
Date: October 21, 2015 Date: May 11, 2016
BNY MELLON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT BNY MELLON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
(APAC) HOLDINGS LIMITED (APAC) HOLDINGS LIMITED
By: /S/ EMILY CHAN By: /S/ DONI SHAMSUDDIN
---------------------- ---------------------
Emily Chan Doni Shamsuddin
Director Director
Date: April 19, 2016 Date: April 19, 2016
NEWTON MANAGEMENT LIMITED MELLON GLOBAL INVESTING CORPORATION
By: /S/ HELENA MORRISSEY By: /S/ LEO P. GROHOWSKI
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Helena Morrissey Leo P . Grohowski
Director President
Date: July 17, 2015 Date: June 29, 2018
BNY MELLON IHC, LLC MBC INVESTMENTS CORPORATION
By: /S/ KURTIS R. KURIMSKY By: /S/ PAUL A. GRIFFITHS
--------------------- ---------------------
Kurtis R. Kurimsky Paul A. Griffiths
Vice President and Chairman, President and
Controller Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 29, 2017 Date: April 29, 2016
MELLON OVERSEAS INVESTMENT INSIGHT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
CORPORATION LIMITED
By: /S/ KURTIS R. KURIMSKY By: /S/ CHARLES FARQUHARSON
---------------------- ---------------------
Kurtis R. Kurimsky Charles Farquharson
Vice President and Controller Chief Risk Officer
Date: October 7, 2015 Date: February 16, 2016
BNY INTERNATIONAL FINANCING BNY INTERNATIONAL FINANCING
CORPORATION CORPORATION
By: /S/ KURTIS R. KURIMSKY By: /S/ JOHN M. ROY
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Kurtis R. Kurimsky John M. Roy
President and Comptroller Vice President
Date: May 12, 2016 Date: August 15, 2016
BNY MELLON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT BNY MELLON INTERNATIONAL ASSET
EUROPE HOLDINGS LIMITED MANAGEMENT (HOLDINGS) LIMITED
By: /S/ GREG BRISK By: /S/ GREG BRISK
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Greg Brisk Greg Brisk
Director Director
Date: October 21, 2015 Date: October 21, 2015
BNY MELLON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT BNY CAPITAL MARKETS HOLDINGS, INC.
(JERSEY)LIMITED
By: /S/ GREG BRISK By: /S/ THOMAS P. GIBBONS
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Greg Brisk Thomas P. Gibbons
Director Vice Chairman and Chief
Financial Officer
Date: October 21, 2015 Date: October 24, 2015
BNY MELLON PARTICIPACOES LTDA BNY MELLON PARTICIPACOES LTDA
By: /S/ CARLOS ALBERTO SARAIVA By: /S/ MARCUS VINICIUS MATHIAS PEREIRA
-------------------- ----------------------------------
Carlos Alberto Saraiva Marcus Vinicius Mathias Pereira
Director Director
Date: May 5, 2016 Date: May 5, 2016