ePlus (PLUS) 10-Q 2025 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from____ to ____.

Commission file number: 1-34167

ePlus inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	54-1817218
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

13595 Dulles Technology Drive, Herndon, VA 20171-3413

(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 984-8400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value	PLUS	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒   No ☐

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐  No ☒

The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of August 1, 2024, was 26,865,929.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ePlus inc. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Part I. Financial Information:
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024	5
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024, and 2023	6
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024, and 2023	7
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024, and 2023	8
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024, and 2023	10
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	43
Part II. Other Information:
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	44
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	44
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	44
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	44
Item 5.	Other Information	44
Item 6.	Exhibits	45
Signatures		46

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CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain statements that are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or “Exchange Act,” and are made in reliance upon the protections provided by such acts for forward-looking statements. Such statements are not based on historical fact but are based upon numerous assumptions about future conditions that may not occur. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking words such as “may,” “should,” “would,” “intend,” “estimate,” “will,” “potential,” “possible,” “could,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “project,” and similar expressions. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Forward-looking statements are made based upon information that is currently available or management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects upon us, speak only as of the date hereof, and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or correct any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that subsequently occur, or of which we later become aware. Actual events, transactions and results may materially differ from the anticipated events, transactions, or results described in such statements. Our ability to consummate such transactions and achieve such events or results is subject to certain risks and uncertainties. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the matters set forth below:

• exposure to fluctuation in foreign currency rates, interest rates, and inflation, including as a result of national and international political instability fostering uncertainty and volatility in the global economy, which may cause increases in our costs and wages and our ability to increase prices to our customers, negative impacts to the arrangements that have pricing commitments over the term of an agreement and/or the loss of key lenders or constricting credit markets as a result of rising interest rates, which may result in adverse changes in our results of operations and financial position;

• significant adverse changes in, reductions in, or loss of one or more of our larger volume customers or vendors;

• reliance on third-parties to perform some of our service obligations to our customers, and the reliance on a small number of key vendors in our supply chain with whom we do not have long-term supply agreements, guaranteed price agreements, or assurance of stock availability;

• our ability to remain secure during a cybersecurity attack or other IT outage, including both disruptions in our, our vendors or other third party’s Information Technology (“IT”) systems and data and audio communication networks;

• our ability to secure our own and our customers’ electronic and other confidential information, while maintaining compliance with evolving data privacy and regulatory laws and regulations;

• ongoing remote work trends, and the increase in cybersecurity attacks that have occurred while employees work remotely and our ability to adequately train our personnel to prevent a cyber event;

• the possibility of a reduction of vendor incentives provided to us;

• our dependence on key personnel to maintain certain customer relationships, and our ability to hire, train, and retain sufficient qualified personnel by recruiting and retaining highly skilled, competent personnel, and vendor certifications;

• risks relating to use or capabilities of artificial intelligence including social and ethical risks;

• our ability to manage a diverse product set of solutions, including artificial intelligence (“AI”) products and services, in highly competitive markets with a number of key vendors;

• our ability to maintain our proprietary software and update our technology infrastructure to remain competitive in the marketplace and our dependency on continued innovations in hardware, software, and service offerings, including AI products and services, by our vendors and our ability to partner with them;

• changes in the IT industry and/or rapid changes in product offerings, including the proliferation of the cloud, infrastructure as a service (“IaaS”), software as a service (“SaaS”), platform as a service (“PaaS”), and AI;

• our ability to increase the total number of customers using integrated solutions by up-selling within our customer base and gaining new customers;

• our ability to increase the total number of customers who use our managed services and professional services and continuing to enhance our managed services offerings to remain competitive in the marketplace;

• loss of our credit facility or credit lines with our vendors may restrict our current and future operations;

• domestic and international economic regulations uncertainty (e.g., tariffs, sanctions, and trade agreements);

• supply chain issues, including a shortage of IT products, may increase our costs or cause a delay in fulfilling customer orders, or increase our need for working capital, or delay completing professional services, or purchasing IT products or services needed to support our internal infrastructure or operations, resulting in an adverse impact on our financial results;

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• exposure to changes in, interpretations of, or enforcement trends in, and customer and vendor actions in anticipation of or response to, legislation and regulatory matters;

• our inability to identify acquisition candidates, perform sufficient due diligence prior to completing an acquisition, successfully integrate a completed acquisition, or identify an opportunity for or successfully complete a business disposition, may affect our earnings;

• our contracts may not be adequate to protect us as we are subject to external audits which we may not pass, and our professional and liability insurance policies coverage may be insufficient to cover a claim;

• a natural disaster or other adverse event at one of our primary configuration centers, data centers, or a third-party provider location could negatively impact our business;

• failure to comply with public sector contracts, or applicable laws or regulations;

• our ability to raise capital, maintain or increase as needed our lines of credit with vendors or floor planning facility, obtain debt for our financing transactions, or the effect of those changes on our common stock price;

• our ability to implement comprehensive plans for the integration of sales forces, cost containment, asset rationalization, systems integration, and other key strategies; and

• our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and successfully defend any challenges to the validity of our patents or allegations that we are infringing upon any third-party patents, and the costs associated with those actions, and, when appropriate, the costs associated with licensing required technology.

We cannot be certain that our business strategy will be successful or that we will successfully address these and other challenges, risks, and uncertainties. For a further list and description of various risks, relevant factors, and uncertainties that could cause future results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements, see Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections contained elsewhere in this report, as well as other reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

e Plus inc. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	349,909		$	253,021
Accounts receivable—trade, net		577,019			644,616
Accounts receivable—other, net		54,987			46,884
Inventories		89,134			139,690
Financing receivables—net, current		109,119			102,600
Deferred costs		59,985			59,449
Other current assets		23,951			27,269
Total current assets		1,264,104			1,273,529
Financing receivables and operating leases—net		85,032			79,435
Deferred tax asset		5,620			5,620
Property, equipment, and other assets—net		94,417			89,289
Goodwill		161,508			161,503
Other intangible assets—net		40,292			44,093
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,650,973		$	1,653,469
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	270,614		$	315,676
Accounts payable—floor plan		119,511			105,104
Salaries and commissions payable		40,491			43,696
Deferred revenue		138,619			134,596
Non-recourse notes payable—current		29,898			23,288
Other current liabilities		29,103			34,630
Total current liabilities		628,236			656,990
Non-recourse notes payable - long-term		10,854			12,901
Other liabilities		89,955			81,799
TOTAL LIABILITIES		729,045			751,690
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 9)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.01 per share par value; 2,000 shares authorized; none outstanding		-			-
Common stock, $0.01 per share par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 26,940 outstanding at June 30, 2024 and 26,952 outstanding at March 31, 2024		276			274
Additional paid-in capital		184,733			180,058
Treasury stock, at cost, 609 shares at June 30, 2024 and 447 shares at March 31, 2024		(35,746	)		(23,811	)
Retained earnings		770,317			742,978
Accumulated other comprehensive income—foreign currency translation adjustment		2,348			2,280
Total Stockholders’ Equity		921,928			901,779
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	1,650,973		$	1,653,469

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ePlus inc. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Net sales
Product	$	466,349	$	506,656
Services		78,189		67,519
Total		544,538		574,175
Cost of sales
Product		360,157		388,904
Services		49,900		42,998
Total		410,057		431,902
Gross profit		134,481		142,273
Selling, general, and administrative		93,608		90,298
Depreciation and amortization		4,819		4,792
Interest and financing costs		585		851
Operating expenses		99,012		95,941
Operating income		35,469		46,332
Other income (expense), net		2,073		190
Earnings before tax		37,542		46,522
Provision for income taxes		10,203		12,675
Net earnings	$	27,339	$	33,847
Net earnings per common share—basic	$	1.03	$	1.27
Net earnings per common share—diluted	$	1.02	$	1.27
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic		26,642		26,552
Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted		26,801		26,648

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ePlus inc. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
NET EARNINGS	$	27,339	$	33,847
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, NET OF TAX:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		68		947
Other comprehensive income (loss)		68		947
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	27,407	$	34,794

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ePlus inc. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings	$	27,339		$	33,847
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		5,922			5,755
Provision for credit losses		96			478
Share-based compensation expense		2,855			2,205
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, equipment, and operating lease equipment		54			(160	)
Changes in:
Accounts receivable		59,276			(166,803	)
Inventories		50,555			300
Financing receivables—net		(5,772	)		(42,071	)
Deferred costs and other assets		(3,160	)		8,303
Accounts payable—trade		(45,430	)		124,948
Salaries and commissions payable, deferred revenue, and other liabilities		5,392			12,298
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		97,127			(20,900	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of property, equipment, and operating lease equipment		61			196
Purchases of property, equipment, and operating lease equipment		(1,967	)		(3,698	)
Cash used in acquisitions, net of cash acquired		-			(59,595	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,906	)		(63,097	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings of non-recourse and recourse notes payable		3,737			97,955
Repayments of non-recourse and recourse notes payable		(4,467	)		(41,573	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		1,811			1,398
Repurchase of common stock		(11,569	)		(7,465	)
Payments to settle liabilities for acquisitions		(2,307	)		-
Net borrowings on floor plan facility		14,407			32,290
Net cash provided by financing activities		1,612			82,605
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		55			(127	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		96,888			(1,519	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		253,021			103,093
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	349,909		$	101,574

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UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - continued

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	654		$	566
Cash paid for income taxes	$	10,130		$	3,605
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	1,269		$	1,261
Schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of property, equipment, and leased equipment	$	9		$	15
Purchases of property, equipment, and operating lease equipment	$	(641	)	$	(200	)
Borrowing of non-recourse and recourse notes payable	$	6,546		$	-
Debt derecognized due to sales of financial assets	$	(1,253	)	$	(15,857	)
Vesting of share-based compensation	$	10,636		$	8,483
Repurchase of common stock	$	(366	)	$	(28	)
New operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	395		$	3,100

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ePlus inc. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
														Accumulated
						Additional								Other
	Common Stock					Paid-In			Treasury			Retained		Comprehensive
	Shares			Par Value		Capital			Stock			Earnings		Income		Total
Balance, March 31, 2024		26,952		$	274	$	180,058		$	(23,811	)	$	742,978	$	2,280	$	901,779
Issuance of restricted stock awards		121			1		(1	)		-			-		-		-
Issuance of common stock		29			1		1,810			-			-		-		1,811
Share-based compensation		-			-		2,866			-			-		-		2,866
Repurchase of common stock		(162	)		-		-			(11,935	)		-		-		(11,935	)
Net earnings		-			-		-			-			27,339		-		27,339
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-			-		-			-			-		68		68
Balance, June 30, 2024		26,940		$	276	$	184,733		$	(35,746	)	$	770,317	$	2,348	$	921,928

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
														Accumulated
						Additional								Other
	Common Stock					Paid-In			Treasury			Retained		Comprehensive
	Shares			Par Value		Capital			Stock			Earnings		Income		Total
Balance, March 31, 2023		26,905		$	272	$	167,303		$	(14,080	)	$	627,202	$	1,568	$	782,265
Issuance of restricted stock awards		153			2		(2	)		-			-		-		-
Issuance of common stock		36			-		1,398			-			-		-		1,398
Share-based compensation		-			-		2,205			-			-		-		2,205
Repurchase of common stock		(147	)		-		-			(7,371	)		-		-		(7,371	)
Net earnings		-			-		-			-			33,847		-		33,847
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-			-		-			-			-		947		947
Balance, June 30, 2023		26,947		$	274	$	170,904		$	(21,451	)	$	661,049	$	2,515	$	813,291

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ePlus inc. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS — Our company was founded in 1990 and is a Delaware corporation. ePlus inc. is sometimes referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as “we,” “our,” “us,” “ourselves,” or “ePlus.” ePlus inc. is a holding company that through its subsidiaries provides information technology (“IT”) solutions which enable organizations to optimize their IT environment and supply chain processes. We also provide consulting, professional, and managed services and complete lifecycle management services including flexible financing solutions. We focus on selling to medium and large enterprises and state and local government and educational institutions (“SLED”) in the United States (“US”) and select international markets including the United Kingdom (“UK”), the European Union (“EU”), India, Singapore, and Israel.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION — The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ePlus inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounts of businesses acquired are included in the unaudited consolidated financial statements from the dates of acquisition. During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, we modified our technology segment into new segments—product, professional services, and managed services—that combine to form our technology business to provide our management the ability to better manage and allocate resources among the separate components of this business. Our professional services and managed services are a significant component of our growth and long-term strategic initiatives. Subsequently, we manage and report our operating results through four operating segments: product, professional services, managed services, and financing. For additional information, see Note 16, “Segment Reporting”.

INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — The unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, were prepared by us and include all normal and recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, changes in comprehensive income, and cash flows for such periods. Operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, or any other future period. These unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures required by the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) for annual financial statements. Our audited consolidated financial statements are contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2024 (“2024 Annual Report”), which should be read in conjunction with these interim consolidated financial statements.

USE OF ESTIMATES — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including, but not limited to, revenue recognition, residual values, vendor consideration, lease classification, goodwill and intangible assets, allowance for credit losses, inventory obsolescence, and the recognition and measurement of income tax assets and other provisions and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

CONCENTRATIONS OF RISK — A substantial portion of our sales are products from Cisco Systems, which represented approximately 36% and 45% of our technology business segments net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES — The significant accounting policies used in preparing these Consolidated Financial Statements were applied on a basis consistent with those reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended March 31, 2024, except for the changes provided in Note 2, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements.”

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2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS NOT YET ADOPTED

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This update expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This update is effective for annual periods beginning in our fiscal year ending March 31, 2025 and interim periods beginning in the first quarter of our fiscal year ending March 31, 2026. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that this update will have on our financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This update requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. This update is effective for annual periods beginning in our fiscal year ending March 31, 2026. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that this update will have on our financial statement disclosures.

3. REVENUES

CONTRACT BALANCES

Accounts receivable – trade consists entirely of amounts due from contracts with customers. In addition, we had $46.8 million and $44.6 million of receivables from contracts with customers included within financing receivables as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, respectively. The following table provides the balance of contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):

	June 30, 2024		March 31, 2024
Current (included in deferred revenue)	$	138,032	$	134,110
Non-current (included in other liabilities)	$	76,896	$	68,174

Revenue recognized from the beginning contract liability balance was $40.5 million and $30.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS

The following table includes revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations, primarily non-cancelable contracts for ePlus managed services, that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period (in thousands):

Remainder of the year ending March 31, 2025	$	68,956
Year ending March 31, 2026		45,452
Year ending March 31, 2027		26,529
Year ending March 31, 2028		10,718
Year ending March 31, 2029 and thereafter		7,166
Total remaining performance obligations	$	158,821

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The table does not include the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (ii) contracts where we recognize revenue at the amount that we have the right to invoice for services performed.

4. FINANCING RECEIVABLES AND OPERATING LEASES

Our financing receivables and operating leases consist of our financing receivables from notes receivable and sales-type leases and the carrying value of our assets that we are leasing to our customers on leases that are classified as operating leases. We generally lease IT, communication, and medical equipment. Our lease terms generally range from 2 to 6 years, with most terms ranging between 3 to 4 years. Our leases often provide the lessee the option to purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease term. Often, our leases provide the lessee a bargain purchase option. We classify our leases as either sales-type leases or operating leases. Additionally, we finance purchases of third-party software and third-party services for our customers, which we classify as notes receivable.

The following table provides the profit recognized for sales-type leases at their commencement date, including modifications that are recognized on a net basis, for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Net sales	$	3,510	$	7,623
Cost of sales		3,059		7,391
Gross profit	$	451	$	232

The following table provides interest income in aggregate on our sales-type leases and lease income on our operating leases for the three  months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Interest income on sales-type leases	$	2,023	$	1,362
Lease income on operating leases	$	2,867	$	2,808

FINANCING RECEIVABLES—NET

The following tables provide a disaggregation of our financing receivables – net (in thousands):

	Notes			Sales-Type Lease			Financing
June 30, 2024	Receivable			Receivables			Receivables
Gross receivables	$	119,544		$	83,590		$	203,134
Unguaranteed residual value (1)		-			9,858			9,858
Unearned income		(7,775	)		(13,620	)		(21,395	)
Allowance for credit losses (2)		(1,088	)		(1,409	)		(2,497	)
Total, net	$	110,681		$	78,419		$	189,100
Reported as:
Current	$	65,679		$	43,440		$	109,119
Long-term		45,002			34,979			79,981
Total, net	$	110,681		$	78,419		$	189,100

(1) Includes unguaranteed residual values of $3,554 thousand that we retained after selling the related lease receivable.

(2) Refer to Note 7, “Allowance for Credit Losses” for details.

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	Notes			Sales-Type Lease			Financing
March 31, 2024	Receivable			Receivables			Receivables
Gross receivables	$	114,713		$	75,658		$	190,371
Unguaranteed residual value (1)		-			9,078			9,078
Unearned income		(6,503	)		(12,036	)		(18,539	)
Allowance for credit losses (2)		(1,056	)		(1,435	)		(2,491	)
Total, net	$	107,154		$	71,265		$	178,419
Reported as:
Current	$	61,830		$	40,770		$	102,600
Long-term		45,324			30,495			75,819
Total, net	$	107,154		$	71,265		$	178,419

(1) Includes unguaranteed residual values of $3,718 thousand that we retained after selling the related lease receivable.

(2) Refer to Note 7, “Allowance for Credit Losses” for details.

OPERATING LEASES—NET

Operating leases—net represents leases that do not qualify as sales-type leases. The components of the operating leases—net are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024
Cost of equipment under operating leases	$	12,370		$	10,744
Accumulated depreciation		(7,319	)		(7,128	)
Operating leases—net (1)	$	5,051		$	3,616

(1) Amounts include estimated unguaranteed residual values of $1,711 thousand and $1,346 thousand as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, respectively.

TRANSFERS OF FINANCIAL ASSETS

We enter into arrangements to transfer the contractual payments due under financing receivables and operating lease agreements.

For transfers accounted for as a secured borrowing, the corresponding investments serve as collateral for non-recourse notes payable. As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, we had financing receivables of $52.2 million and $45.8 million, respectively, and operating leases of $2.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively, which were collateral for non-recourse notes payable. See Note 8, “Notes Payable and Credit Facility.”

For transfers accounted for as sales, we derecognize the carrying value of the financial asset transferred plus any liability and recognize a net gain or loss on the sale, which are presented within net sales in the consolidated statement of operations. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, we recognized net gains of $1.3 million for both periods, and total proceeds from these sales were $47.9 million and $61.4 million, respectively.

When we retain servicing obligations in transfers accounted for as sales, we allocate a portion of the proceeds to deferred revenue, which is recognized as we perform the services. As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, we had deferred revenue of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for servicing obligations.

In a limited number of transfers accounted for as sales, we indemnified the assignee in the event that the lessee elects to early terminate the lease. As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, our total potential liability that could result from these indemnities is immaterial.

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5. LESSEE ACCOUNTING

We lease office space for periods up to six years and lease warehouse space for periods of up to ten years, and we have some lease options that can be exercised to extend beyond those lease term limits. We recognize our right-of-use assets as part of property, equipment, and other assets. We recognize the current and long-term portions of our lease liability as part of other current liabilities and other liabilities, respectively. We recognize operating lease cost as part of selling, general and administrative expenses. We recognized operating lease cost of $1.3 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, respectively.

6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GOODWILL

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

	Product		Professional Services		Managed Services		Total
Balance, March 31, 2024 (1)	$	129,108	$	22,497	$	9,898	$	161,503
Acquisitions		-		-		-		-
Foreign currency translations		4		1		-		5
Balance, June 30, 2024 (1)	$	129,112	$	22,498	$	9,898	$	161,508

(1) Balance is net of $8,673 thousand in accumulated impairments that were recorded in segments that preceded our current segment organization.

Goodwill represents the premium paid over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets that are individually identified and separately recognized in business combinations.

The only activity in our goodwill balance over the three months ended June 30, 2024 was foreign currency translation adjustments.

We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, as of the first day of our third fiscal quarter, and between annual tests if an event occurs, or circumstances change, that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.

In our annual test as of October 1, 2023, we performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill and concluded that, more likely than not, the fair value of our product, professional services, and managed services reporting units continued to exceed their carrying value. Our conclusions would not be impacted by a ten percent change in our estimate of the fair value of the reporting unit.

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OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Our other intangible assets consist of the following on June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	June 30, 2024							March 31, 2024
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Purchased intangibles	$	120,485	$	(80,350	)	$	40,135	$	120,480	$	(76,595	)	$	43,885
Capitalized software development		10,159		(10,002	)		157		10,516		(10,308	)		208
Total	$	130,644	$	(90,352	)	$	40,292	$	130,996	$	(86,903	)	$	44,093

Purchased intangibles, consisting mainly of customer relationships, are generally amortized between 5 to 10 years. Capitalized software development is generally amortized over 5 years.

Total amortization expense for purchased intangibles was $3.8 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, respectively.

7. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The following table provides the activity in our allowance for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands):

	Accounts Receivable			Notes Receivable		Lease Receivables			Total
Balance as of April 1, 2024	$	2,687		$	1,056	$	1,435		$	5,178
Provision for credit losses		90			32		(26	)		96
Write-offs and other		(13	)		-		-			(13	)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	2,764		$	1,088	$	1,409		$	5,261

	Accounts Receivable			Notes Receivable			Lease Receivables			Total
Balance as of April 1, 2023	$	2,572		$	801		$	981		$	4,354
Provision for credit losses		629			(106	)		(45	)		478
Write-offs and other		(13	)		1			-			(12	)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	3,188		$	696		$	936		$	4,820

We evaluate our customers using an internally assigned credit quality rating “CQR”. The CQR categories of our financing receivables are:

• High CQR: This rating includes accounts with excellent to good business credit, asset quality and capacity to meet financial obligations. Loss rates in this category are generally less than 1%.

• Average CQR: This rating includes accounts with average credit risk that are more susceptible to loss in the event of adverse business or economic conditions. Loss rates in this category are in the range of 1% to 8%.

• Low CQR: This rating includes accounts that have marginal credit risk such that the customer’s ability to make repayment is impaired or may likely become impaired. The loss rates in this category in the normal course are greater than 8% and up to 100%.

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The following table provides the amortized cost basis of our financing receivables by CQR and by credit origination year as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

	Amortized cost basis by origination year ending March 31,
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		2020 and prior		Total		Transfers (2)			Net credit exposure
Notes receivable:
High CQR	$	25,158	$	48,541	$	14,290	$	1,858	$	1,786	$	24	$	91,657	$	(26,831	)	$	64,826
Average CQR		2,490		14,551		2,895		148		28		-		20,112		(3,302	)		16,810
Total	$	27,648	$	63,092	$	17,185	$	2,006	$	1,814	$	24	$	111,769	$	(30,133	)	$	81,636
Lease receivables:
High CQR	$	15,363	$	18,528	$	8,750	$	1,218	$	946	$	84	$	44,889	$	(2,931	)	$	41,958
Average CQR		6,298		14,816		8,373		1,732		164		2		31,385		(4,292	)		27,093
Total	$	21,661	$	33,344	$	17,123	$	2,950	$	1,110	$	86	$	76,274	$	(7,223	)	$	69,051
Total amortized cost (1)	$	49,309	$	96,436	$	34,308	$	4,956	$	2,924	$	110	$	188,043	$	(37,356	)	$	150,687

(1) Unguaranteed residual values of $3,554 thousand that we retained after selling the related lease receivable excluded from amortized cost.

(2) Transfers consist of receivables that have been transferred to third-party financial institutions on a non-recourse basis.

The following table provides the amortized cost basis of our financing receivables by CQR and by credit origination year as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Amortized cost basis by origination year ending March 31,
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019 and prior		Total		Transfers (2)			Net credit exposure
Notes receivable:
High CQR	$	63,934	$	15,821	$	3,440	$	2,656	$	30	$	-	$	85,881	$	(25,683	)	$	60,198
Average CQR		18,715		3,260		302		52		-		-		22,329		(3,476	)		18,853
Total	$	82,649	$	19,081	$	3,742	$	2,708	$	30	$	-	$	108,210	$	(29,159	)	$	79,051
Lease receivables:
High CQR	$	22,123	$	9,457	$	1,341	$	1,151	$	100	$	7	$	34,179	$	(1,128	)	$	33,051
Average CQR		22,861		9,548		2,133		259		2		-		34,803		(5,436	)		29,367
Total	$	44,984	$	19,005	$	3,474	$	1,410	$	102	$	7	$	68,982	$	(6,564	)	$	62,418
Total amortized cost (1)	$	127,633	$	38,086	$	7,216	$	4,118	$	132	$	7	$	177,192	$	(35,723	)	$	141,469

(1) Unguaranteed residual values of $3,718 thousand that we retained after selling the related lease receivable excluded from amortized cost.

(2) Transfers consist of receivables that have been transferred to third-party financial institutions on a non-recourse basis.

The following table provides an aging analysis of our financing receivables as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		> 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Billed		Unbilled		Amortized Cost
Notes receivable	$	174	$	823	$	1,153	$	2,150	$	7,302	$	9,452	$	102,317	$	111,769
Lease receivables		281		522		1,852		2,655		5,191		7,846		68,428		76,274
Total	$	455	$	1,345	$	3,005	$	4,805	$	12,493	$	17,298	$	170,745	$	188,043

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The following table provides an aging analysis of our financing receivables as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	31-60 Days Past Due		61-90 Days Past Due		> 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Billed		Unbilled		Amortized Cost
Notes receivable	$	1,251	$	334	$	2,484	$	4,069	$	9,337	$	13,406	$	94,804	$	108,210
Lease receivables		1,174		284		2,213		3,671		4,691		8,362		60,620		68,982
Total	$	2,425	$	618	$	4,697	$	7,740	$	14,028	$	21,768	$	155,424	$	177,192

Our financial assets on nonaccrual status were not significant as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024.

8. NOTES PAYABLE AND CREDIT FACILITY

CREDIT FACILITY

We finance the operations of our subsidiaries ePlus Technology, inc., ePlus Technology Services, inc., and SLAIT Consulting, LLC (collectively, the “Borrowers”) in our technology business through a credit facility with Wells Fargo Commercial Distribution Finance, LLC (“WFCDF”). The WFCDF credit facility (the “WFCDF Credit Facility”) has a floor plan facility and a revolving credit facility.

On October 13, 2021, the Borrowers amended, restated, and replaced in entirety their then-existing credit agreements with WFCDF. On October 31, 2022, the Borrowers entered into the First Amendment to the credit agreement. Under this agreement and its amendment, the credit facility is provided by a syndicate of banks for which WFCDF acts as administrative agent and consists of a discretionary senior secured floor plan facility in favor of the Borrowers in the aggregate principal amount of up to $425.0 million, together with a sublimit for a revolving credit facility for up to $150.0 million.

On March 10, 2023, the Borrowers entered into a Second Amendment to the credit agreement which amended the Credit Agreement to increase the maximum aggregate amount of principal available under the floor plan facility from $425.0 million to $500.0 million and increase the maximum aggregate amount of principal available under the Revolving Facility from $150.0 million to $200.0 million.

Under the accounts payable floor plan facility, we had an outstanding balance of $119.5 million and $105.1 million as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, respectively. On our balance sheet, our liability under the accounts payable floor plan facility is presented as accounts payable – floor plan.

We use the floor plan to facilitate the purchase of inventory from designated suppliers. WFCDF pays our suppliers and provides us extended payment terms. We pay down the floor plan facility on three specified dates each month, generally 45 to 60 days from the invoice date. We do not incur any interest or other incremental expenses for the floor plan facility. We are not involved in establishing the terms or conditions of the arrangements between our suppliers and WFCDF.

Under the revolving credit facility, we had no balance outstanding as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024. On our balance sheet, our liability under the revolving credit facility is presented as part of recourse notes payable – current.

The amount of principal available is subject to a borrowing base determined by, among other things, the Borrowers’ accounts receivable and inventory, each pursuant to a formula and subject to certain reserves. Loans accrue interest at a rate per annum equal to Term SOFR Rate plus a Term SOFR Adjustment of 0.10% plus an Applicable Margin of 1.75%.

Our borrowings under the WFCDF Credit Facility are secured by the assets of the Borrowers. Additionally, the WFCDF Credit Facility requires a guaranty of $10.5 million by ePlus inc.

Under the WFCDF Credit Facility, the Borrowers are restricted in their ability to pay dividends to ePlus inc. unless their available borrowing meets or met certain thresholds. As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, their available borrowing met the thresholds such that there were no restrictions on their ability to pay dividends.

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The WFCDF Credit Facility has an initial one-year term, which automatically renews for successive one-year terms thereafter. However, either the Borrowers or WFCDF may terminate the WFCDF Credit Facility at any time by providing a written termination notice to the other party no less than 90 days prior to such termination.

The loss of the WFCDF Credit Facility could have a material adverse effect on our future results as we currently rely on this facility and its components for daily working capital and liquidity for our technology business and as an operational function of our accounts payable process.

NON-RECOURSE NOTES PAYABLE

Non-recourse notes payable consists of borrowings that, in the event of a default by a customer, the lender generally only has recourse against the customer, and the assets serving as collateral, but not against us. As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, we had $40.8 million and $36.2 million, respectively, of non-recourse borrowings that were collateralized by investments in notes and leases. Principal and interest payments are generally due periodically in amounts that are approximately equal to the total payments due from the customer under the leases or notes receivable that collateralize the notes payable. The weighted average interest rate for our non-recourse notes payable was 6.52% and 6.49%, as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, respectively.

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are subject to various legal proceedings, as well as demands, claims and threatened litigation, that arise in the normal course of our business and have not been fully resolved. The ultimate outcome of any litigation or other legal dispute is uncertain. When a loss related to a legal proceeding or claim is probable and reasonably estimable, we accrue our best estimate for the ultimate resolution of the matter. If one or more legal matters are resolved against us in a reporting period for amounts above our expectations, our financial condition and operating results for that period may be adversely affected. As of June 30, 2024, we do not believe that there is a reasonable possibility that any material loss exceeding the amounts already recognized for these proceedings and matters, if any, has been incurred. Any outcome, whether favorable or unfavorable, may materially and adversely affect us due to legal costs and expenses, diversion of management attention and other factors. We expense legal costs in the period incurred. We cannot assure that additional contingencies of a legal nature or contingencies having legal aspects will not be asserted against us in the future, and these matters could relate to prior, current, or future transactions or events.

10. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders by the basic weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders by the basic weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus common stock equivalents during each period.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used to calculate basic and diluted net income per common share as disclosed on our unaudited consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively (in thousands, except per share data).

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Net earnings attributable to common shareholders - basic and diluted	$	27,339	$	33,847
Basic and diluted common shares outstanding:
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic		26,642		26,552
Effect of dilutive shares		159		96
Weighted average shares common outstanding — diluted		26,801		26,648
Earnings per common share - basic	$	1.03	$	1.27
Earnings per common share - diluted	$	1.02	$	1.27

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11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

SHARE REPURCHASE PLAN

On May 18, 2024, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,250,000 shares of our outstanding common stock, over a 12-month period beginning May 28, 2024. On March 22, 2023, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of our outstanding common stock, over a 12-month period beginning May 28, 2023. Under both authorized programs, purchases may be made from time to time in the open market, or in privately negotiated transactions, subject to availability and the plan terms. Any repurchased shares will have the status of treasury shares and may be used, when needed, for general corporate purposes.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we purchased 109,869 shares of our outstanding common stock at a value of $8.1 million under the share repurchase plan; we also purchased 52,450 shares of common stock at a value of $3.8 million to satisfy tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of employees’ restricted stock.

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we purchased 93,541 shares of our outstanding common stock at a value of $4.4 million under the share repurchase plan; we also purchased 53,945 shares of common stock at a value of $3.0 million to satisfy tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of employees’ restricted stock.

12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

SHARE-BASED PLANS

As of June 30, 2024, we had share-based awards outstanding under the following plans: (1) the 2017 Non-Employee Director Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2017 Director LTIP”) and (2) the 2021 Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2021 Employee LTIP”).

These share-based plans define fair market value as the closing sales price of a share of common stock as quoted on any established stock exchange for such date or the most recent trading day preceding such date if there were no trades on such date.

RESTRICTED STOCK ACTIVITY

For the three months ended June 30, 2024, we granted 437 restricted shares under the 2017 Director LTIP and 121,097 restricted shares under the 2021 Employee LTIP. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, we granted 862 restricted shares under the 2017 Director LTIP and 152,865 restricted shares under the 2021 Employee LTIP. The following table provides a summary of the nonvested restricted shares for the three months ended June 30, 2024:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant-date Fair Value
Nonvested April 1, 2024		308,411		$	55.02
Granted		121,534		$	72.69
Vested		(145,201	)	$	53.48
Forfeited		(630	)	$	55.94
Nonvested June 30, 2024		284,114		$	63.37

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PERFORMANCE STOCK UNITS

Beginning with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, we granted Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”) to our executive officers under our 2021 Employee LTIP. The PSUs will vest based on the achievement of certain performance goals at the end of a three-year performance period. The PSUs represent the right to receive shares of our common stock at the time of vesting. The total number of PSUs that vest range from 0% to 200% of the target number of PSUs based on our achievement of certain performance targets.

The following table provides a summary of the nonvested PSUs for the three months ended June 30, 2024:

	Number of Units		Weighted Average Grant-date Fair Value
Nonvested April 1, 2024		15,120	$	61.17
Granted		19,415	$	78.54
Nonvested June 30, 2024		34,535	$	70.94

EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

On September 15, 2022, our stockholders approved the 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) through which eligible employees may purchase up to an aggregate of 2.50 million shares of our stock at six-month intervals at a discount off the lesser of the closing market price on the first or the last trading day of each offering period. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, we issued 28,915 shares at a price of $62.63 per share and 36,697 shares at a price of $38.10 per share, respectively, under the ESPP. As of June 30, 2024, there were 2.40 million shares remaining under the ESPP.

COMPENSATION EXPENSE

The following table provides a summary of our total share-based compensation expense, including for restricted stock awards, PSUs, our ESPP, and the related income tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
Equity-based compensation expense	$	2,855		$	2,205
Income tax benefit		(777	)		(600	)

We recognized the income tax benefit as a reduction to our provision for income taxes. As of June 30, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock was $17.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 36 months.

We also provide our employees with a contributory 401(k) profit sharing plan (the “401(k) plan”), to which we may contribute from time to time at our sole discretion. Employer contributions to the 401(k) plan are always fully vested. Our estimated contribution expense to the 401(k) plan for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, were both $1.4 million.

13. INCOME TAXES

Our provision for income tax expense was $10.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $12.7 million for the same three-month period in the prior year. Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, were both 27.2%. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, differed from the US federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and local income taxes.

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14. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The following table summarizes the fair value hierarchy of our financial instruments as of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurement Using
	Recorded Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
June 30, 2024
Assets:
Money market funds	$	283,187	$	283,187	$	-	$	-
March 31, 2024
Assets:
Money market funds	$	179,709	$	179,709	$	-	$	-

15. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

NETWORK SOLUTIONS GROUP (“NSG”)

On April 30, 2023, our subsidiary, ePlus Technology, inc., acquired certain assets and liabilities of NSG, formerly a business unit of CCI Systems, Inc., a Michigan-based provider of networking services and solutions. This acquisition is helping to drive additional growth for us in the service provider end-markets with enhanced engineering, sales, and services delivery capabilities specific to the industry.

Our sum for consideration transferred was $48.6 million consisting of $59.6 million paid in cash at closing minus $11.0 million that was paid back to us during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 by the sellers based on adjustments to a determination of the total net assets delivered. Our allocation of the purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is presented below (in thousands):

	Acquisition Date Amount
Accounts receivable	$	20,419
Other assets		1,940
Identified intangible asset		29,960
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(24,758	)
Contract liabilities		(1,086	)
Total identifiable net assets		26,475
Goodwill		22,128
Total purchase consideration	$	48,603

The identified intangible asset of $30.0 million consists of customer relationships with an estimated useful life of seven years. The fair value of acquired accounts receivable equals the gross contractual amounts receivable. We expect to collect all acquired accounts receivable.

We recognized goodwill related to this transaction of $22.1 million, of which $19.7 million and $2.4 million were assigned to our product and professional services reporting segments, respectively. The goodwill recognized in the acquisition is attributable to the acquired assembled workforce and expected synergies, none of which qualify for recognition as a separate intangible asset. The total amount of goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

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The amount of revenues and earnings of the acquiree since the acquisition date are not material. Likewise, the impact to the revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the current reporting period as though the acquisition date had been April 1, 2023, is not material.

16. SEGMENT REPORTING

We manage and report our operating results through four operating segments: product, professional services, managed services, and financing. Our product segment includes sales of IT products, third-party software, and third-party maintenance, software assurance, and other third-party services. Our professional services segment includes our advanced professional services, staff augmentation, project management services, cloud consulting services and security services. Our managed services segment includes our advanced managed services, service desk, storage-as-a-service, cloud hosted services, cloud managed services and managed security services. We refer to the product segment, professional services segment, and managed services segment collectively as our technology business. Our financing business segment consists of the financing of IT equipment, software, and related services to commercial enterprises, state and local governments, and government contractors.

We measure the performance of the segments within our technology business based on gross profit, while we measure our financing business segment based on operating income. We do not present asset information for our reportable segments as we do not provide asset information to our chief operating decision maker.

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The following table provides reportable segment information (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Net Sales
Product	$	457,312	$	498,166
Professional services		37,279		35,556
Managed services		40,910		31,963
Financing		9,037		8,490
Total		544,538		574,175
Gross Profit
Product		98,505		111,391
Professional services		15,455		14,724
Managed services		12,834		9,797
Financing		7,687		6,361
Total		134,481		142,273
Operating expenses
Technology business		94,903		92,414
Financing		4,109		3,527
Total		99,012		95,941
Operating income
Technology business		31,891		43,498
Financing		3,578		2,834
Total		35,469		46,332
Other income (expense), net		2,073		190
Earnings before tax	$	37,542	$	46,522
Depreciation and amortization
Technology business	$	4,819	$	4,764
Financing		-		28
Total	$	4,819	$	4,792
Interest and financing costs
Technology business	$	-	$	550
Financing		585		301
Total	$	585	$	851
Selected Financial Data - Statement of Cash Flow
Purchases of property, equipment, and operating lease equipment
Technology business	$	580	$	2,785
Financing		1,387		913
Total	$	1,967	$	3,698

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The following tables provide a disaggregation of net sales by source and further disaggregates our revenue recognized from contracts with customers by timing and our position as principal or agent (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Product		Professional Services		Managed Services		Financing		Total
Net Sales:
Contracts with customers	$	453,802	$	37,279	$	40,910	$	1,105	$	533,096
Financing and other		3,510		-		-		7,932		11,442
Total	$	457,312	$	37,279	$	40,910	$	9,037	$	544,538
Timing and position as principal or agent:
Transferred at a point in time as principal	$	418,374	$	-	$	-	$	1,105	$	419,479
Transferred at a point in time as agent		35,428		-		-		-		35,428
Transferred over time as principal		-		37,279		40,910		-		78,189
Total revenue from contracts with customers	$	453,802	$	37,279	$	40,910	$	1,105	$	533,096

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Product		Professional Services		Managed Services		Financing		Total
Net Sales:
Contracts with customers	$	490,543	$	35,556	$	31,963	$	1,290	$	559,352
Financing and other		7,623		-		-		7,200		14,823
Total	$	498,166	$	35,556	$	31,963	$	8,490	$	574,175
Timing and position as principal or agent:
Transferred at a point in time as principal	$	452,382	$	-	$	-	$	1,290	$	453,672
Transferred at a point in time as agent		38,161		-		-		-		38,161
Transferred over time as principal		-		35,556		31,963		-		67,519
Total revenue from contracts with customers	$	490,543	$	35,556	$	31,963	$	1,290	$	559,352

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TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE

The following table provides a disaggregation of our revenue from contracts with customers for our technology business by customer end market and by type (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
Customer end market:
Telecom, media & entertainment	$	117,553		$	141,335
Technology		109,106			73,403
SLED		92,096			109,405
Healthcare		75,280			86,656
Financial services		49,725			65,690
All others		91,741			89,196
Net sales		535,501			565,685
Less: revenue from financing and other		(3,510	)		(7,623	)
Total revenue from contracts with customers	$	531,991		$	558,062
Type:
Product
Networking	$	234,740		$	245,188
Cloud		137,231			172,044
Security		48,005			45,796
Collaboration		20,899			12,956
Other		16,437			22,182
Total product		457,312			498,166
Professional services		37,279			35,556
Managed services		40,910			31,963
Net sales		535,501			565,685
Less: revenue from financing and other		(3,510	)		(7,623	)
Total revenue from contracts with customers	$	531,991		$	558,062

We do not disaggregate sales by customer end market beyond the technology business.

FINANCING BUSINESS SEGMENT DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE

We analyze our revenues within our financing business segment based on the nature of the arrangement. Our financing revenue generally consists of portfolio income, transactional gains, and post-contract earnings including month-to-month rents and the sales of off-lease equipment. All our revenues from contracts with customers within our financing business segment are from the sales of off-lease equipment.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The below is intended to further the reader’s understanding of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. It should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2024 (“2024 Annual Report”). These historical financial statements may not be indicative of our future performance. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations may contain forward-looking statements, all of which are based on our current expectations and could be affected by the uncertainties and risks described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our 2024 Annual Report, as well as in our other filings with the SEC.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

We are a leading solutions provider in the areas of security, cloud, networking, collaboration, artificial intelligence, and emerging technologies to domestic and foreign organizations across all industry segments. We deliver actionable outcomes for organizations by using information technology (“IT”) and consulting solutions to drive business agility and innovation. Leveraging our engineering talent, we assess, plan, deliver, and secure solutions comprised of leading technologies and consumption models aligned with our customers’ needs. Our expertise and experience enable us to craft optimized solutions that take advantage of the cost, scale, and efficiency of private, public and hybrid cloud in an evolving market. As part of our solutions, we provide consulting, professional services, managed services, IT staff augmentation, and complete lifecycle management services in the areas of security, cloud, networking, collaboration, and emerging technologies. Additionally, we offer flexible financing for purchases from us and from third parties. We have been in the business of selling, leasing, financing, and managing IT and other assets for more than 30 years.

Our primary focus is to deliver integrated solutions that address our customers’ business needs, leveraging the appropriate technologies, both on-premises and in the cloud. Our approach is to lead with advisory consulting to understand our customers’ needs, and then design, deploy, and manage solutions aligned to their objectives. Underpinning the broader areas of cloud, security, networking, and collaboration are specific skills in orchestration and automation, application modernization, DevSecOps, zero-trust architectures, data management, data visualization, analytics, network modernization, edge compute and other advanced and emerging technologies. These solutions are comprised of class-leading technologies from partners such as Amazon Web Services, Arista Networks, Check Point, Cisco Systems, Citrix, Commvault, Crowdstrike, Deepwatch, Dell EMC, F5 Networks, Foresite, Fortinet, Gigamon, HPE, Juniper Networks, Lenovo, Microsoft, NetApp, Nutanix, NVIDIA, Oracle, Palo Alto Networks, Proficio, Pure Storage, Rubrik, Splunk, Varonis, and VMware by Broadcom, among many others. We are an authorized reseller of over 1,800 vendors, which enable us to provide our customers with new and evolving IT solutions. We possess top-level engineering certifications with a broad range of leading IT vendors that enable us to offer multi-vendor IT solutions that are optimized for each of our customers’ specific requirements. Our hosted, proprietary software solutions are focused on giving our customers more control over their IT supply chain, by automating and optimizing the procurement and management of their owned, leased, and consumption-based assets.

Our scale and financial resources have enabled us to continue investing in engineering and technology resources to stay at the forefront of technology trends. Our expertise in core and emerging technologies, buttressed by our robust portfolio of consulting, professional, and managed services, has enabled us to remain a trusted advisor for our customers. In addition, we offer a wide range of consumption options including leasing and financing for technology and other capital assets. We believe our lifecycle approach offering of integrated solutions, services and financing, asset management and our proprietary supply chain software, is unique in the industry. This broad portfolio enables us to deliver a customized customer experience that spans the continuum from fast delivery of competitively priced products and services to subsequent management and maintenance, and through to end-of-life disposal services. This approach permits us to deploy sophisticated solutions to enable our customers’ business outcomes.

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Our go-to-market strategy focuses primarily on diverse end-markets for middle market to large enterprises. We serve customers in markets including telecom, media and entertainment, technology, state and local government and educational institutions (“SLED”), healthcare, and financial services. We sell to customers in the United States (“US”), which account for most of our sales, and to customers in select international markets including the United Kingdom (“UK”), the European Union (“EU”), India, Singapore, and Israel. Our technology business segments accounted for 98% of our net sales and 90% of our operating income, while our financing business segment accounted for 2% of our net sales and 10% of our operating income, for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

BUSINESS TRENDS

We believe the following key factors are impacting our business performance and our ability to achieve business results:

• General economic concerns including inflation, rising interest rates, staffing shortages, remote work trends, and geopolitical concerns may impact our customers’ willingness to spend on technology and services.

• From time to time, we experience price increases from our suppliers. While we generally have been able to pass price increases to our customers, rapid inflation could have a material impact on our sales, gross profit, or operating costs in the future. Our financing quotes are generally indexed to market rates to enable us to change rates from time of quote to funding. Financing transactions funded with our cash flows, not debt, are subject to interest rate risk. If the market interest rate exceeds our internal rate of return, we may not fund the transaction to obtain the proceeds and lock in our profit on the transaction. Also, we are experiencing constriction of funds available and more stringent assessment for our financing arrangements from our lender partners.

• Our customers’ top focus areas include AI, security, cloud solutions, hybrid work environments (work from home, work from anywhere, and return to office), as well as digital transformation and modernization. We have developed advisory services, assessments, solutions, and professional and managed services to meet these priorities and help our customers attain and maintain their desired outcome.

• Modernizing legacy applications, data modernization, reducing operational complexity, securing workloads, the cost and performance of IT operations, and agility are changing the way companies are purchasing and consuming technology. These are fueling deployments of solutions on cloud, managed services and hybrid platforms and licensing models, which may include invoicing over the term of the agreement.

• Rapid cloud adoption has led to customer challenges around increasing costs, security concerns, and skillset gaps. These challenges are consistent across all industries and business sizes. We have developed a Cloud Managed Services portfolio to address these needs, allowing our clients to focus on driving business outcomes via optimized and secure cloud platforms.

KEY BUSINESS METRICS

Our management monitors several financial and non-financial measures and ratios on a regular basis to track the progress of our business. We believe that the most important of these measures and ratios include net sales, gross profit and margin, operating income margin, net earnings, and net earnings per common share, in each case based on information prepared in accordance with US GAAP, as well as the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios, including Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Non-GAAP: Net earnings and Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share - diluted.

We also use a variety of operating and other information to evaluate the operating performance of our business, develop financial forecasts, make strategic decisions, and prepare and approve annual budgets. We use gross billings as an operational metric to assess the volume of transactions or market share for our technology business segments—product, professional services, and managed services—as well as to understand changes in our accounts receivable and accounts payable. We believe gross billings will aid investors in the same manner.

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These key indicators include financial information that is prepared in accordance with US GAAP and presented in our consolidated financial statements, as well as non-GAAP and operational performance measurement tools. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s performance or financial position that either excludes or includes amounts that are correspondingly not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with US GAAP. Our use of non-GAAP information as analytical tools has limitations, and you should not consider them in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our financial results reported under GAAP, as these measures used by management may differ from similar measures used by other companies, even when similar terms are used to identify such measures.

Set forth in footnotes (1) and (2) of the tables that immediately follow the next paragraph, we set forth our reasons for using and presenting Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Non-GAAP: Net earnings and Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share-diluted in the tables and discussion that follow.

The following tables provide our key business metrics for our consolidated entity, our technology business- consisting of our product, professional services, and managed services segments- and our financing business segment (in thousands, except per share amounts):

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	Three Months Ended June 30,
Consolidated	2024			2023
Financial metrics
Net sales	$	544,538		$	574,175
Gross profit	$	134,481		$	142,273
Gross margin		24.7	%		24.8	%
Operating income margin		6.5	%		8.1	%
Net earnings	$	27,339		$	33,847
Net earnings margin		5.0	%		5.9	%
Net earnings per common share - diluted	$	1.02		$	1.27
Non-GAAP financial metrics
Non-GAAP: Net earnings (1)	$	30,297		$	37,687
Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share - diluted (1)	$	1.13		$	1.41
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	$	43,143		$	53,879
Adjusted EBITDA margin (2)		7.9	%		9.4	%
Technology business segments
Financial metrics
Net sales
Product		457,312			498,166
Professional services		37,279			35,556
Managed services		40,910			31,963
Total		535,501			565,685
Gross profit
Product		98,505			111,391
Professional services		15,455			14,724
Managed services		12,834			9,797
Total		126,794			135,912
Gross margin
Product		21.5	%		22.4	%
Professional services		41.5	%		41.4	%
Managed services		31.4	%		30.7	%
Total		23.7	%		24.0	%
Operating income	$	31,891		$	43,498
Non-GAAP financial metric
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	$	39,501		$	50,949
Operational metrics
Gross billings (3)
Networking	$	281,528		$	276,645
Cloud		241,274			258,924
Security		151,883			147,343
Collaboration		32,976			22,161
Other		44,592			69,761
Product gross billings		752,253			774,834
Service gross billings		81,455			67,136
Total gross billings	$	833,708		$	841,970
Financing business segment
Financial metrics
Net sales	$	9,037		$	8,490
Gross profit	$	7,687		$	6,361
Operating income	$	3,578		$	2,834
Non-GAAP financial metric
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	$	3,642		$	2,930

(1) Non-GAAP: Net earnings and Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share – diluted are based on net earnings calculated in accordance with US GAAP, adjusted to exclude other (income) expense, share-based compensation, and acquisition and integration expenses, and the related tax effects.

We use Non-GAAP: Net earnings and Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share – diluted as supplemental measures of our performance to gain insight into our operating performance and performance trends. We believe that the exclusion of other income and acquisition-related amortization expense in calculating Non-GAAP: Net earnings and Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share – diluted provides management and investors a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business and operating results by excluding items that management believes are not reflective of our underlying operating performance. Accordingly, we believe that Non-GAAP: Net earnings and Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share – diluted provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results. However, our use of non-GAAP information as analytical tools has limitations, and you should not consider them in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our financial results as reported under US GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, might calculate similar Non-GAAP: Net earnings and Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share – diluted or similarly titled measures differently, which may reduce their usefulness as comparative measures.

The following table provides our calculation of Non-GAAP: Net earnings and Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share – diluted (in thousands, except per share amounts):

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	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
GAAP: Earnings before tax	$	37,542		$	46,522
Share-based compensation		2,855			2,205
Acquisition related amortization expense		3,750			3,469
Other (income) expense		(2,073	)		(190	)
Non-GAAP: Earnings before provision for income taxes		42,074			52,006
GAAP: Provision for income taxes		10,203			12,675
Share-based compensation		799			607
Acquisition related amortization expense		1,047			952
Other (income) expense		(580	)		(52	)
Tax benefit (expense) on restricted stock		308			137
Non-GAAP: Provision for income taxes		11,777			14,319
Non-GAAP: Net earnings	$	30,297		$	37,687

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
GAAP: Net earnings per common share—diluted	$	1.02		$	1.27
Share-based compensation		0.08			0.06
Acquisition related amortization expense		0.10			0.09
Other (income) expense		(0.06	)		-
Tax benefit (expense) on restricted stock		(0.01	)		(0.01	)
Total non-GAAP adjustments—net of tax		0.11			0.14
Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share—diluted	$	1.13		$	1.41

(2) We define Adjusted EBITDA as net earnings calculated in accordance with US GAAP, adjusted for the following: interest expense, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, acquisition and integration expenses, provision for income taxes, and other (income) expense. Adjusted EBITDA presented for the technology business and the financing business segment is defined as operating income calculated in accordance with US GAAP, adjusted for interest expense, share-based compensation, acquisition and integration expenses, and depreciation and amortization. We consider the interest on notes payable from our financing business segment and depreciation expense presented within cost of sales, which includes depreciation on assets financed as operating leases, to be operating expenses. As such, they are not included in the amounts added back to net earnings in the Adjusted EBITDA calculation. In the table below, we provide a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net earnings, which is the most directly comparable financial measure to this non-GAAP financial measure. Adjusted EBITDA margin is our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales.

We use Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our performance to gain insight into our operating performance and performance trends. We believe that the exclusion of other income in calculating Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin provides management and investors a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business and operating results by excluding items that management believes are not reflective of our underlying operating performance. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results. However, our use of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin as analytical tools has limitations, and you should not consider them in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our financial results as reported under US GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, might calculate Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin or similarly titled measures differently, which may reduce their usefulness as comparative measures.

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The following table provides our calculations of Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
Consolidated	2024			2023
Net earnings	$	27,339		$	33,847
Provision for income taxes		10,203			12,675
Share-based compensation		2,855			2,205
Interest and financing costs		-			550
Depreciation and amortization		4,819			4,792
Other (income) expense		(2,073	)		(190	)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	43,143		$	53,879
Technology business segments
Operating income	$	31,891		$	43,498
Depreciation and amortization		4,819			4,764
Share-based compensation		2,791			2,137
Interest and financing costs		-			550
Adjusted EBITDA	$	39,501		$	50,949
Financing business segment
Operating income	$	3,578		$	2,834
Depreciation and amortization		-			28
Share-based compensation		64			68
Adjusted EBITDA	$	3,642		$	2,930

(3) Gross billings are the total dollar value of customer purchases of goods and services including shipping charges during the period, net of customer returns and credit memos, sales, or other taxes. Gross billings include the transaction values for certain sales transactions that are recognized on a net basis, and, therefore, include amounts that will not be recognized as revenue.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net sales: Net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased 5.2% to $544.5 million, or a decrease of $29.7 million compared to $574.2 million in the same three-month period in the prior year. The decrease in net sales was driven by lower product revenues offset by higher managed services and professional services revenue from our technology business segments, and higher revenues from our financing business segment. For additional information, see the “Segment Results of Operations” below.

Gross profit: Gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased 5.5%, to $134.5 million, compared to $142.3 million in the same three-month period in the prior year due to decreased net sales volume. Overall, gross margins were down by 10 basis points to 24.7% due to lower product margin, offset by higher managed service margin and professional service margin.

Operating expenses: Operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased $3.1 million, or 3.2%, to $99.0 million, as compared to $95.9 million for the same three-month period in the prior year. Our increase in operating expenses was primarily due to an increase in salaries and benefits offset by a decrease in provision for credit losses, and interest and financing costs. As of June 30, 2024, we had 1,907 employees, an increase of 2.9% from 1,853 as of June 30, 2023. For additional information, see the “Segment Results of Operations” below.

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Operating income: As a result of the foregoing, operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased $10.8 million, or 23.3%, to $35.5 million, as compared to $46.3 million for the same three-month period in the prior year, and operating income margin decreased by 160 basis points to 6.5%.

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was $43.1 million, a decrease of $10.8 million, or 20.0%, compared to $53.9 million for the same three-month period in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA margin for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased 150 basis points to 7.9%, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, of 9.4%. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA margin was due to a decrease in gross profit and an increase in operating expenses.

Net earnings per common share—diluted for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased $0.25, or 19.7%, to $1.02 per share, as compared to $1.27 per share in the same three-month period in the prior year. Non-GAAP: Net earnings per common share—diluted for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased $0.28, or 19.9%, to $1.13 per share, as compared to $1.41 per share for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

SEGMENT OVERVIEW

TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Our technology business includes three segments: product, professional services, and managed services as further discussed below.

• Product segment: Our product segment consists of the sale of third-party hardware, third-party perpetual and subscription software, and third-party maintenance, software assurance, and other third-party services. The product segment also includes internet-based business-to-business supply chain management solutions for IT products.

• Professional services segment: Our professional services segment includes our advanced professional services to our customers that are performed under time and materials, fixed fee, or milestone contracts. Professional services include consulting, assessments, configuration, logistic services, training, staff augmentation services, and project management services.

• Managed services segment: Our managed services segment includes our advanced managed services that encompass managing various aspects of our customers’ environments that are billed in regular intervals over a contract term, usually between three to five years. Managed services also include security solutions, storage-as-a-service, cloud hosted services, cloud managed services, and service desk.

We manage the technology business segments based on gross profit and the operating expenses associated with these segments in total as our technology business.

Our technology business segments sell primarily to corporations and SLED institutions. Customers of our technology business may have a customer master agreement (“CMA”) with our company, which stipulates the terms and conditions of the commercial relationship. Some CMAs contain pricing arrangements, and most contain mutual voluntary termination clauses. Our other customers place orders using purchase orders without a CMA in place or with other documentation customary for the business. Often, our work with state and local governments is based on public bids and our written bid responses. Our service engagements are generally governed by statements of work and are primarily fixed price (with allowance for changes); however, some service agreements are based on time and materials.

We endeavor to minimize the cost of sales in our product segment through incentive programs provided by vendors and distributors. The programs we qualify for are generally set by our reseller authorization level with the vendor. The authorization level we achieve and maintain governs the types of products we can resell as well as such items as variable discounts applied against the list price, funds provided for the marketing of these products and other special promotions. These authorization levels are achieved by us through purchase volume, certifications held by sales executives or engineers and/or contractual commitments by us. The authorization levels are costly to maintain, and these programs continually change; therefore, there is no guarantee of future reductions of costs provided by these vendor consideration programs.

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FINANCING BUSINESS SEGMENT

Our financing business segment offers financing solutions to corporations, government contractors, and SLED institutions in the US, which accounts for most of our transactions, and to corporations in select international markets including Canada, the UK, and the EU. The financing business segment derives revenue from leasing IT equipment, medical equipment, and other equipment, and the disposition of that equipment at the end of the lease. The financing business segment also derives revenues from the financing of third-party software licenses, software assurance, maintenance, and other services.

Financing revenue generally falls into the following three categories:

• Portfolio income: Interest income from financing receivables and rents due under operating leases.

• Transactional gains: Net gains or losses on the sale of financial assets.

• Post-contract earnings: Month-to-month rents; early termination, prepayment, make-whole, or buyout fees; and the sale of off-lease (used) equipment.

FLUCTUATIONS IN OPERATING RESULTS

Our operating results may fluctuate due to customer demand for our products and services, supplier costs, product availability, changes in vendor incentive programs, interest rate fluctuations, currency fluctuations, the timing of sales of financial assets, general economic conditions, and differences between estimated residual values and actual amounts realized for leased equipment. We expect to continue to expand by hiring additional staff for specific targeted market areas and roles whenever we can find both experienced personnel and desirable geographic areas over the longer term, which may impact our operating results.

SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023

TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS SEGMENTS

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The results of operations for our technology business segments were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			Change			Percent Change
Financial metrics
Net sales
Product	$	457,312		$	498,166		$	(40,854	)		(8.2	%)
Professional services		37,279			35,556			1,723			4.8	%
Managed services		40,910			31,963			8,947			28.0	%
Total		535,501			565,685			(30,184	)		(5.3	%)
Gross Profit
Product		98,505			111,391			(12,886	)		(11.6	%)
Professional services		15,455			14,724			731			5.0	%
Managed services		12,834			9,797			3,037			31.0	%
Total		126,794			135,912			(9,118	)		(6.7	%)
Selling, general, and administrative		90,084			87,100			2,984			3.4	%
Depreciation and amortization		4,819			4,764			55			1.2	%
Interest and financing costs		-			550			(550	)		(100.0	%)
Operating expenses		94,903			92,414			2,489			2.7	%
Operating income	$	31,891		$	43,498		$	(11,607	)		(26.7	%)
Key metrics & other information
Gross billings	$	833,708		$	841,970		$	(8,262	)		(1.0	%)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	39,501		$	50,949		$	(11,448	)		(22.5	%)
Product margin		21.5	%		22.4	%
Professional services margin		41.5	%		41.4	%
Managed services margin		31.4	%		30.7	%
Net sales by customer end market:
Telecom, media & entertainment	$	117,553		$	141,335		$	(23,782	)		(16.8	%)
Technology		109,106			73,403			35,703			48.6	%
SLED		92,096			109,405			(17,309	)		(15.8	%)
Healthcare		75,280			86,656			(11,376	)		(13.1	%)
Financial services		49,725			65,690			(15,965	)		(24.3	%)
All others		91,741			89,196			2,545			2.9	%
Total	$	535,501		$	565,685		$	(30,184	)		(5.3	%)
Net sales by type:
Networking	$	234,740		$	245,188		$	(10,448	)		(4.3	%)
Cloud		137,231			172,044			(34,813	)		(20.2	%)
Security		48,005			45,796			2,209			4.8	%
Collaboration		20,899			12,956			7,943			61.3	%
Other		16,437			22,182			(5,745	)		(25.9	%)
Total products		457,312			498,166			(40,854	)		(8.2	%)
Professional services		37,279			35,556			1,723			4.8	%
Managed services		40,910			31,963			8,947			28.0	%
Total	$	535,501		$	565,685		$	(30,184	)		(5.3	%)

Net sales: Net sales of the combined technology business segments for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, driven by decreased demand from customers in telecom, media and entertainment, financial services, SLED, and healthcare industries, offset by increased demand from customers in the technology industry.

Product segment sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased compared to the same three-month period in the prior year, due to lower sales of networking equipment and cloud products, offset by an increase in sales of collaboration and security products. These changes were driven by the timing of purchases by existing customers, which are determined by their buying cycles, and the timing of specific IT related initiatives.

Professional services segment sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased compared to the same three-month period in the prior year, primarily due to increases in consulting revenues and staff augmentation.

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Managed services segment sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased compared to the same three-month period in the prior year, due to ongoing expansion of these service offerings primarily related to ongoing growth in enhanced maintenance support, and service desk revenues.

Gross profit: Gross profit of the combined technology business segments for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due to a decrease in product sales, offset by an increase in professional service, and managed service sales. Gross profit margin decreased by 30 basis points to 23.7% due to lower product margin, offset by higher managed service margin and professional service margin.

Product segment margin for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased by 90 basis points from the same three-month period in the prior year due to a shift in product mix resulting in lower up-front margins. Vendor incentives earned as a percentage of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased by 20 basis points, which has a positive effect on gross margin, as compared to the same three-month period in the prior year.

Professional services segment margin for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased by 10 basis points from the same three-month period in the prior year primarily due to higher sales and improved margin on product and consulting services.

Managed services segment margin for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased by 70 basis points from the same three-month period in the prior year, primarily due to scaled growth in these services.

Selling, general, and administrative: Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024, for the technology business, increased compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, mainly due to increases in salaries and benefits offset by a decrease in provision for credit losses.

Salaries and benefits, including variable compensation and share-based compensation for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased $3.5 million, or 4.7% to $77.6 million, as compared to $74.1 million for the same three-month period in the prior year, due to an increase of $3.7 million in salaries and benefits, mainly driven by increased headcount and salary increases, and an increase of $0.6 million in share-based compensation, driven by increases in employee awards as well as increases from the employee stock purchase plan. Our technology business had an aggregate of 1,872 employees as of June 30, 2024, an increase of 54 from 1,818 as of June 30, 2023. In total, we added 60 additional customer-facing employees in the technology business for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same three-month period in the prior year, of which 29 were professional services and technical support personnel due to demand for our services. Offsetting these increases was a decrease in variable compensation of $0.8 million, which was a result of the corresponding decrease in gross profit.

General and administrative expenses for our technology business for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased $0.1 million, or 0.8%, to $12.4 million, as compared to $12.5 million for the same three-month period in the prior year, due to lower professional fees of $0.8 million, offset by higher software, subscription, and maintenance fees of $0.5 million, and higher travel and entertainment costs of $0.2 million due to the return of in-person business meetings and events.

Provision for credit losses for our technology business for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was $0.1 million, as compared to $0.5 million for the same three-month period in the prior year. Our lower provision for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was due to changes in our net credit exposure.

Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization for our technology business for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to more amortization from intangible assets acquired in the NSG acquisition.

Interest and financing costs: Interest and financing costs for our technology business for the three months ended June 30, 2024, decreased compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due to lower average borrowings outstanding under our WFCDF Credit Facility.

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FINANCING BUSINESS SEGEMENT

The results of operations for our financing business segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		Change			Percent Change
Financial Metrics
Portfolio earnings	$	4,161	$	3,073	$	1,088			35.4	%
Transactional gains		1,293		1,279		14			1.1	%
Post-contract earnings		3,315		3,634		(319	)		(8.8	%)
Other		268		504		(236	)		(46.8	%)
Net sales	$	9,037	$	8,490	$	547			6.4	%
Gross profit		7,687		6,361		1,326			20.8	%
Selling, general, and administrative		3,524		3,198		326			10.2	%
Depreciation and amortization		-		28		(28	)		(100.0	%)
Interest and financing costs		585		301		284			94.4	%
Operating expenses		4,109		3,527		582			16.5	%
Operating income	$	3,578	$	2,834	$	744			26.3	%
Key metrics & other information
Adjusted EBITDA	$	3,642	$	2,930	$	712			24.3	%

Net sales: Net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased due to higher portfolio earnings offset by lower post-contract earnings. Portfolio earnings increased due to higher average investments outstanding as well as a higher average earnings rate. Post-contract earnings decreased due to lower proceeds from sales of off-lease equipment, and lower month-to-month rents.

Gross Profit: Gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due an increase in revenue, primarily portfolio earnings.

Selling, general and administrative: Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due to an increase in variable compensation attributable to the increase in gross profit.

Our financing business segment employed 35 people as of both June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023. Certain support functions for the financing business segment are shared resources with the technology business and expenses are allocated accordingly.

Interest and financing costs: Interest and financing costs for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, due to higher average borrowings outstanding and higher interest rates. Our weighted average interest rate for non-recourse notes payable was 6.52% and 5.22% as of June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, respectively.

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CONSOLIDATED

Other income (expense), net: Other income (expense), net, for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was income of $2.1 million, compared to income of $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Higher operating income was driven by increased interest income offset slightly by increased foreign exchange losses. We had $2.6 million in interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $0.4 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. We had foreign exchange losses of $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to losses of $0.2 million for the same three-month period in the prior year.

Provision for income taxes: Our provision for income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was $10.2 million, as compared to $12.7 million for the same three-month period in the prior year. Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, were both 27.2%.

The OECD’s Pillar Two Initiative established a 15% global minimum tax for specific multinational groups surpassing annual revenue thresholds. Several countries where ePlus operates have enacted this tax effective January 1, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, ePlus inc. remains unaffected by the minimum tax due to qualifying for transitional safe harbor exemptions in many jurisdictions. We will continue to monitor any future impact as additional countries enact legislation to adopt this tax.

Net earnings: Net earnings for the three months ended June 30, 2024, were $27.3 million, a decrease of 19.2% or $6.5 million, as compared to $33.8 million for the same three-month period in the prior year. The net earnings decrease was due to the decrease in operating profits from our technology business, offset by an increase in other income, driven by increased interest income, and a decrease in provision for income taxes.

Basic earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended June 30, 2024, were $1.03 and $1.02, respectively, a decrease of 18.9% and 19.7%, as compared to $1.27 for both our basic earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Weighted average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share were 26.6 million and 26.8 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Weighted average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share were both 26.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

LIQUIDITY OVERVIEW

We finance our operations through funds generated from operations and through borrowings. We use those funds to meet our capital requirements, which have historically consisted primarily of working capital for operational needs, capital expenditures, purchases of equipment for lease, payments of principal and interest on indebtedness outstanding, acquisitions and the repurchase of shares of our common stock.

Our borrowings in our technology business segments are through our WFCDF Credit Facility. Our borrowings in our financing business segment are primarily through secured borrowings that involve transferring all or part of the contractual payments due to us to third-party financing institutions.

We believe that cash on hand and funds generated from operations, together with available credit under our credit facility, will be enough to finance our working capital, capital expenditures, and other requirements for at least the next year.

Our ability to continue to expand, both organically and through acquisitions, is dependent upon our ability to generate enough cash flow from operations or from borrowing or other sources of financing as may be required. While at this time we do not anticipate requiring any additional sources of financing to fund operations, if demand for IT products declines, or if our supply of products is delayed or interrupted, our cash flows from operations may be substantially affected.

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CASH FLOWS

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	97,127		$	(20,900	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,906	)		(63,097	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		1,612			82,605
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		55			(127	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	96,888		$	(1,519	)

Cash flows from operating activities: We provided $97.1 million from operating activities during the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to using $20.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. See below for a breakdown of operating cash flows by segment (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
Technology business segments	$	102,987		$	(48,259	)
Financing business segment		(5,860	)		27,359
Net cash used in operating activities	$	97,127		$	(20,900	)

Technology business: For the three months ended June 30, 2024, our combined technology business segments provided $103.0 million primarily from operating activities due to net earnings adjusted for decreases in our accounts receivable and inventories of $67.8 million and $50.6 million, respectively, offset by decreases in our accounts payable - trade of $40.9 million.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, our combined technology business segments used $48.3 million from operating activities primarily due to increases in our accounts receivable of $159.3 million, offset by an increase in accounts payable - trade of $60.2 million and net earnings.

To manage our working capital, we monitor our cash conversion cycle for our technology business segments, which is defined as days sales outstanding (“DSO”) in accounts receivable plus days of supply in inventory (“DIO”) minus days of purchases outstanding in accounts payable (“DPO”).

The following table presents the components of the cash conversion cycle for our technology business segments:

	As of June 30,
	2024			2023
(DSO) Days sales outstanding (1)		68			62
(DIO) Days inventory outstanding (2)		14			32
(DPO) Days payable outstanding (3)		(45	)		(46	)
Cash conversion cycle		37			48

(1) Represents the rolling three-month average of the balance of trade accounts receivable-trade, net for our technology business segments at the end of the period divided by Gross billings for the same three-month period.

(2) Represents the rolling three-month average of the balance of inventory, net for our technology business segments at the end of the period divided by the direct cost of products and services billed to our customers for the same three-month period.

(3) Represents the rolling three-month average of the combined balance of accounts payable-trade and accounts payable-floor plan for our technology business segments at the end of the period divided by the direct cost of products and services billed to our customers for the same three-month period.

Our cash conversion cycle decreased to 37 days as of June 30, 2024, as compared to 48 days as of June 30, 2023. Our standard payment term for customers is between 30-60 days; however, certain customer orders may be approved for extended payment terms. Our DSO increased 6 days to 68 days as of June 30, 2024, compared to 62 days as of June 30, 2023, reflecting higher sales to customers with terms greater than or equal to net 60 days. Our DIO decreased to 14 days as of June 30, 2024, compared to 32 days as of June 30, 2023. Our DPO decreased 1 day as of June 30, 2024. Invoices processed through our WFCDF Credit Facility, or the A/P-floor plan balance, are typically paid within 45 to 60 days from the invoice date, while A/P trade invoices are typically paid around 30 days from the invoice date.

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Financing business segment: For the three months ended June 30, 2024, our financing business segment used $5.9 million from operating activities, primarily due to increases in accounts receivable and financing receivables-net and decreases in accounts payable-trade.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, our financing segment provided $27.4 million from operating activities, primarily due to an increase in accounts payable-trade offset by increases in financing receivables-net.

Cash flows related to investing activities: For the three months ended June 30, 2024, we used $1.9 million from investing activities, primarily due to $2.0 million in purchases of property, equipment, and operating lease equipment offset by $0.1 million of proceeds from the sale of property, equipment, and operating lease equipment.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, we used $63.1 million from investing activities, consisting of $59.6 million for the acquisition of NSG, and $3.7 million for purchases of property, equipment and operating lease equipment offset by $0.2 million of proceeds from the sale of property, equipment, and operating lease equipment.

Cash flows from financing activities: For the three months ended June 30, 2024, we provided $1.6 million from financing activities, due to $0.7 million in net borrowings of non-recourse and recourse notes payable, $1.8 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock to employees under an employee stock purchase plan, and $14.4 million in net borrowings on the floor plan component of our credit facility, partially offset by $11.6 million in cash used to repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock, and $2.3 million paid to the sellers of Peak Resources, Inc. based on adjustments to total net assets delivered in our acquisition.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, cash provided by financing activities was $82.6 million, consisting of net borrowings of non-recourse and recourse notes payable of $56.4 million, net borrowings on the floor plan component of our credit facility of $32.3 million, and proceeds of issuance of common stock to employees under an employee stock purchase plan of $1.4 million, partially offset by $7.5 million in cash used to repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock.

Other than recourse borrowings under our WFCDF Credit Facility, our borrowing of recourse and non-recourse notes payable primarily arises from our financing business segment when we transfer contractual payments due to us under lease and financing agreements to third-party financial institutions. When the transfers do not meet the requirements for a sale, the proceeds paid to us represent borrowings of recourse or non-recourse notes payable.

Non-cash activities: We transfer contractual payments due to us under lease and financing agreements to third-party financial institutions. In certain assignment agreements, we may direct the third-party financial institution to pay some of the proceeds from the assignment directly to the vendor or vendors that have supplied the assets being leased or financed. In these situations, the portion of the proceeds paid directly to our vendors are non-cash transactions.

SECURED BORROWINGS

We may finance all or most of the cost of the assets that we finance for customers by transferring all or part of the contractual payments due to us to third-party financing institutions. When we account for the transfer as a secured borrowing, we recognize the proceeds as either recourse or non-recourse notes payable. Our customers are responsible for repaying the debt from a secured borrowing. The lender typically secures a lien on the financed assets at the time the financial assets are transferred and releases it upon collecting all the transferred payments. We are not liable for the repayment of non-recourse loans unless we breach our representations and warranties in the loan agreements. The lender assumes the credit risk and their only recourse, upon default by the customer, is against the customer and the specific equipment under lease. While we expect that the credit quality of our financing arrangements and our residual return history will continue to allow us to obtain such financing, such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Interest rates have been rising and may continue to rise. To preserve our expected internal rate of return, we generally quote rates that are indexed. Some of our lenders will not commit to rates for a length of time, resulting in exposure to us if the rates rise and we cannot pass such exposure to the customer.

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CREDIT FACILITY

We finance the operations of our subsidiaries ePlus Technology, inc., ePlus Technology Services, inc. and SLAIT Consulting, LLC (collectively, the “Borrowers”) in our technology business segments through a credit facility with WFCDF. The WFCDF Credit Facility has a floor plan facility and a revolving credit facility.

Please refer to Note 8 “Notes Payable and Credit Facility” to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements” for additional information concerning our WFCDF Credit Facility.

The loss of the WFCDF Credit Facility could have a material adverse effect on our future results as we currently rely on this facility and its components for daily working capital and liquidity for our technology business segments and as an operational function of our accounts payable process.

Floor plan facility: We finance most purchases of products for sale to our customers through the floor plan facility. Once our customers place a purchase order with us and we have approved their credit, we place an order for the desired products with one of our vendors. Our vendors are generally paid by the floor plan facility and our liability is reflected in “accounts payable—floor plan” in our consolidated balance sheets.

Most customer payments to us are remitted to our lockbox accounts. Once payments are cleared, the monies in the lockbox accounts are automatically and daily transferred to our operating account. We pay down the floor plan facility on three specified dates each month, generally 45 to 60 days from the invoice date. Our borrowings and repayments under the floor plan component are included in “net borrowings (repayments) on floor plan facility” within cash flows from the financing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, we had a maximum credit limit of $500.0 million, and an outstanding balance on the floor plan facility of $119.5 million and $105.1 million, respectively. On our balance sheet, our liability under the floor plan facility is presented as part of accounts payable – floor plan.

Revolving credit facility: The outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility is presented as part of recourse notes payable- current on our consolidated balance sheets. Our borrowings and repayments under the revolving credit facility are included in “borrowings of non-recourse and recourse notes payable” and “repayments of non-recourse and recourse notes payable,” respectively, within cash flows from the financing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

As of June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024, we did not have any outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility. The maximum credit limit under this facility was $200.0 million as of both June 30, 2024, and March 31, 2024.

PERFORMANCE GUARANTEES

In the normal course of business, we may provide certain customers with performance guarantees, which are generally backed by surety bonds. In general, we would only be liable for these guarantees in the event of default in the performance of our obligations. We are in compliance with the performance obligations under all service contracts for which there is a performance guarantee, and we believe that any liability incurred in connection with these guarantees would not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated statements of operations.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements, or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As of June 30, 2024, we were not involved in any unconsolidated special purpose entity transactions.

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ADEQUACY OF CAPITAL RESOURCES

The continued implementation of our business strategy will require a significant investment in both resources and managerial focus. In addition, we may selectively acquire other companies that have attractive customer relationships and skilled sales and/or engineering forces. We may also open facilities in new geographic areas, which may require a significant investment of cash. We may also acquire technology companies to expand and enhance our geographic footprint, or the platform of bundled solutions to provide additional functionality and value-added services. We may require additional capital due to increases in inventory to accommodate our customers’ IT installation schedules. We may continue to use our internally generated funds to finance investments in leased assets or investments in notes receivable due from our customers. These actions may result in increased working capital needs as the business expands. As a result, we may require additional financing to fund our strategy, implementation, potential future acquisitions, and working capital needs, which may include additional debt and equity financing. While the future is uncertain, we do not believe our WFCDF Credit Facility will be terminated by WFCDF or us. Additionally, while our lending partners in our financing business segment continue to be discerning in their approval processes, we currently have funding resources available for our transactions.

POTENTIAL FLUCTUATIONS IN QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS

Our future quarterly operating results and the market price of our common stock may fluctuate. In the event our revenues or earnings for any quarter are less than the level expected by securities analysts or the market in general, such shortfall could have an immediate and significant adverse impact on the market price of our common stock. Any such adverse impact could be greater if any such shortfall occurs near the time of any material decrease in any widely followed stock index or in the market price of the stock of one or more public equipment leasing and financing companies, IT resellers, software competitors, major customers, or vendors of ours.

Our quarterly results of operations are susceptible to fluctuations for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to currency fluctuations, reduction in IT spending, shortages of product from our vendors due to material shortages, any reduction of expected residual values related to the equipment under our leases, the timing and mix of specific transactions, the reduction of manufacturer incentive programs, and other factors. Quarterly operating results could also fluctuate as a result of our sale of equipment in our lease portfolio to a lessee or third-party at the expiration of a lease term or prior to such expiration, and the transfer of financial assets. Sales of equipment and transfers of financial assets may have the effect of increasing revenues and net income during the quarter in which the sale occurs and reducing revenues and net income otherwise expected in subsequent quarters. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our 2024 Annual Report, as supplemented in subsequently filed reports, and in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report.

We believe that comparisons of quarterly results of our operations are not necessarily meaningful and that results for one quarter should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

As disclosed in Note 2, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” we adopted a new standard on accounting for contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers in a business combination in the second quarter of our fiscal year 2023. Under this new standard, we apply Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Contracts with Customers, to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. Other than this change, our critical accounting estimates have not changed from those reported in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2024 Annual Report.

Item 3.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Although a substantial portion of our liabilities are non-recourse, fixed-interest-rate instruments, we utilize lines of credit and other financing facilities that are subject to fluctuations in short-term interest rates. Our non-recourse instruments, which are denominated in US dollars, were entered for other than trading purposes and bear interest at a fixed rate. Because the interest rate on these instruments is fixed, changes in interest rates will not directly impact our cash flows. Financing transactions funded with our cash flows, not debt, are subject to interest rate risk. If the market interest rate exceeds our internal rate of return, we may not fund the transaction to obtain the proceeds. Borrowings under the WFCDF Credit Facility bear interest at a market-based variable rate. As of June 30, 2024, the aggregate fair value of our recourse and non-recourse borrowings approximated their carrying value.

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We have foreign currency exposure when transactions are not denominated in our subsidiaries’ functional currency, which include purchases and sales of the products and services we provide, as well as loans with other ePlus entities. Additionally, we lease assets in foreign countries, including Canada, the UK, and several other European countries. As a lessor, we lease assets for amounts denominated in British Pounds, Euros, and Canadian dollars. To date, foreign currency exposure associated with purchases and sales of the products and services we provide has not been significant. We have incurred foreign currency transaction gains and losses in certain foreign subsidiaries on US dollar denominated loans. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may impact our results of operations and financial position.

Item 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, or “disclosure controls,” as defined in the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Disclosure controls are controls and procedures designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls include some, but not all, components of our internal control over financial reporting. Based upon that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2024.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

LIMITATIONS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROLS

Our management, including our CEO and CFO, do not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system cannot provide absolute assurance due to its inherent limitations; it is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. A control system also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of such limitations, disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting cannot prevent or detect all misstatements, whether unintentional errors or fraud. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process; therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Please refer to Note 9, “Commitment and Contingencies” to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements”.

Item 1A.  RISK FACTORS

There has not been any material change in the risk factors disclosed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

Item 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table provides information regarding our purchases of common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Period	Total number of shares purchased (1)		Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs		Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (2)
April 1, 2024 through April 30, 2024		-	$	-		-		956,028
May 1, 2024 through May 31, 2024		15,000	$	74.44		15,000		1,235,000
June 1, 2024 through June 30, 2024		147,319	$	73.43		94,869		1,140,131
Total		162,319				109,869

(1) All shares were acquired in open-market purchases, except for 52,450 shares, which were repurchased in June 2024 to satisfy tax withholding obligations that arose due to the vesting of shares of restricted stock.

(2) The amounts presented in this column are the remaining number of shares that may be repurchased after repurchases during the month. As of May 27, 2024, the authorization under the then-existing share repurchase plan expired. On May 18, 2024, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,250,000 shares of our outstanding common stock, over a 12-month period beginning May 28, 2024.

The timing and expiration date of the current stock repurchase authorizations are included in Note 11, “Stockholders’ Equity” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

Item 3.  DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not Applicable.

Item 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable.

Item 5.  OTHER INFORMATION

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, no director or officer of ePlus inc. adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. Certain of our executive officers may participate in employee stock purchase plans that have been designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description
3.1	ePlus inc. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as last amended September 18, 2023. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of ePlus inc., as of March 2, 2022. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022)
31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of ePlus inc. pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a).
31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of ePlus inc. pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a).
32	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of ePlus inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL document)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	ePlus inc.
Date:  August 6, 2024	/s/ MARK P. MARRON
	By: Mark P. Marron
	Chief Executive Officer and President
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:  August 6, 2024	/s/ ELAINE D. MARION
	By: Elaine D. Marion
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

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