Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the Quarterly Period Ended December 31, 2005
or
¨ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the Transition Period from to
Commission File Number: 000-31253
PHARSIGHT CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 77-0401273 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
321 E. Evelyn Ave., 3rd Floor
Mountain View, CA 94041-1530
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(650) 314-3800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one).
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer x
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act). Yes ¨ No x
The number of shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of February 9th, 2006: 19,537,796
Table of Contents
2
Table of Contents
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
December 31, 2005 | March 31, 2005* | |||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: | �� | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,974 | $ | 10,579 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $60 and $94 at December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005, respectively | 5,130 | 4,809 | ||||||
Prepaids and other current assets | 388 | 594 | ||||||
Total current assets | 15,492 | 15,982 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net | 2,083 | 604 | ||||||
Other assets | 74 | 236 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 17, 649 | $ | 16,822 | ||||
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 432 | $ | 862 | ||||
Accrued expenses | 1,104 | 754 | ||||||
Accrued compensation | 2,049 | 1,881 | ||||||
Deferred revenue | 7,301 | 7,178 | ||||||
Current portion of notes payable | 1,737 | 1,975 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 12,623 | 12,650 | ||||||
Deferred revenue, long term portion | 72 | 126 | ||||||
Notes payable, less current portion | 467 | 410 | ||||||
Other long term liabilities | 272 | — | ||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock,$0.001 par value: | ||||||||
Authorized shares—3,200,000 (2,000,000 designated as Series A and 1,200,000 designated as Series B) at December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005 | ||||||||
Issued and outstanding shares—1,905,369 at December 31, 2005 and 1,869,085 at March 31, 2005, respectively (1,814,662 designated as Series A at December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005 and 90,707 designated as Series B at December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005 and March 31, 2005, respectively)—Aggregate redemption and liquidation value—$7,621 | 6,525 | 6,266 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
Stockholders’ deficit: | ||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value: | ||||||||
Authorized shares—1,800,000 at December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005 | ||||||||
Issued and outstanding shares—none at December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005 | ||||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value: | ||||||||
Authorized shares—120,000,000 at December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005 Issued and outstanding shares—19,474,937and 19,332,939 at December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005, respectively | 19 | 19 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 73, 874 | 74,360 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (8 | ) | (24 | ) | ||||
Accumulated deficit | (76,195 | ) | (76,985 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ deficit | (2,310 | ) | (2,630 | ) | ||||
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ deficit | $ | 17, 649 | $ | 16,822 | ||||
* | Amounts as of March 31, 2005 are derived from the March 31, 2005 audited financial statements. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
Table of Contents
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended December 31 | Nine Months Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||
License | $ | 1,672 | $ | 2, 391 | $ | 3,793 | $ | 4,425 | ||||||||
Renewal | 1,258 | 1,127 | 3,639 | 3,388 | ||||||||||||
Maintenance | 272 | 53 | 768 | 138 | ||||||||||||
Services | 2,555 | 2,891 | 9,171 | 8,617 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | 5,757 | 6,462 | 17,371 | 16,568 | ||||||||||||
Costs of revenues | ||||||||||||||||
License, renewal, maintenance | 63 | 103 | 221 | 295 | ||||||||||||
Services | 1,766 | 1,845 | 5,549 | 5,311 | ||||||||||||
Total cost of revenues | 1,829 | 1,948 | 5,770 | 5,606 | ||||||||||||
Gross margin | 3,928 | 4,514 | 11,601 | 10,962 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Research and development | 878 | 750 | 2,558 | 2,176 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing | 1,496 | 1,067 | 4,216 | 3,083 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative | 1,262 | 1,207 | 3,967 | 3,592 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 3,636 | 3,024 | 10,741 | 8,851 | ||||||||||||
Income from operations | 292 | 1,490 | 860 | 2,111 | ||||||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (46 | ) | (36 | ) | (124 | ) | (115 | ) | ||||||||
Interest income | 64 | 10 | 160 | 27 | ||||||||||||
Other expense | (11 | ) | (7 | ) | (40 | ) | (29 | ) | ||||||||
Total other income (expense) | 7 | (33 | ) | (4 | ) | (117 | ) | |||||||||
Income before income taxes | 299 | 1,457 | 856 | 1,994 | ||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | (25 | ) | (46 | ) | (65 | ) | (68 | ) | ||||||||
Net income | 274 | 1,411 | 791 | 1,926 | ||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | (190 | ) | (145 | ) | (549 | ) | (465 | ) | ||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 84 | $ | 1,266 | $ | 242 | $ | 1,461 | ||||||||
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||||
Diluted | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.07 | ||||||||
Shares used to compute net income per share attributable to common stockholders: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | 19,445 | 19,117 | 19,393 | 19,088 | ||||||||||||
Diluted | 21,967 | 28,195 | 22,120 | 28,282 | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
Table of Contents
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2005 | 2004 | |||||||
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: | ||||||||
Net Income | �� | $ | 791 | $ | 1,926 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 377 | 273 | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | (321 | ) | (2,623 | ) | ||||
Unbilled accounts receivable | — | 50 | ||||||
Prepaids and other current assets | 368 | 92 | ||||||
Accounts payable | (430 | ) | 267 | |||||
Accrued expenses | 623 | 486 | ||||||
Accrued compensation | 168 | 74 | ||||||
Deferred revenue | 69 | (405 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,645 | 140 | ||||||
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: | ||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment | (1,856 | ) | (340 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,856 | ) | (340 | ) | ||||
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: | ||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable | 600 | — | ||||||
Principal payments on notes payable | (781 | ) | (656 | ) | ||||
Principal payments on capital lease obligations | — | (55 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from the sale of common stock | 62 | 35 | ||||||
Dividends paid in cash to preferred stockholders | (291 | ) | (363 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in financing activities | (410 | ) | (1,039 | ) | ||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 16 | (22 | ) | |||||
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (605 | ) | (1,261 | ) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period | 10,579 | 10,027 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period | $ | 9,974 | $ | 8,766 | ||||
Payment of dividend to preferred stockholders in form of stock | $ | 258 | $ | 102 | ||||
Accrued preferred stock dividend at the end of the quarter | $ | 48 | $ | 48 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
Table of Contents
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business
Pharsight Corporation (“Pharsight” or the “Company”) develops and markets software and provides strategic consulting services that help pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies improve the efficiency of the drug development decision making process, by reducing the costs and time requirements of their drug discovery, development, and commercialization efforts. Pharsight’s products include proprietary software for clinical trial simulation and computer-aided trial design, for the statistical analysis and mathematical modeling of data, and for the storage, management, and regulatory reporting of derived data and models in data repositories. Both the Company’s software products and its services leverage expertise in the sciences of pharmacology, drug and disease modeling, human genetics, biostatistics and strategic decision-making. Pharsight Corporation was incorporated in California in April 1995 and reincorporated in Delaware in June 2000.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005.
The interim financial statements are unaudited but reflect all normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the results of these periods. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2006, or any other period.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on our historical results of operations or financial position.
We operate in two reportable business segments: Software Products and Strategic Consulting Services. See Note 4.
Basis of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pharsight and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
Pharsight’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. These accounting principles require the Company to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which they rely are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, the Company’s financial statements will be affected.
Revenue Recognition
Pharsight’s revenues are derived from two primary sources: (1) initial fees for perpetual product licenses and renewal fees for term-based perpetual product licenses, and (2) services related to scientific and training consulting and software deployment.
Pharsight’s revenue recognition policy is in accordance with Statement of Position No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” (or “SOP 97-2”) as amended. For each arrangement, Pharsight determines whether evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, collection is probable, and no significant post-delivery obligations remain unfulfilled. If any of these criteria are not met, the Company defers revenue recognition until such time as all of the criteria are met. The Company does not currently offer, has not offered in the past, and does not expect to offer in the future, extended payment term arrangements. If the Company does not consider collectability to be probable, it defers recognition of revenue until the fee is collected.
6
Table of Contents
Pharsight has contracts for one-year software licenses (initial and renewal fees) bundled with post contract support services, or PCS, from which it receives solely license and renewal fees. The Company does not have vendor specific objective evidence to allocate the fee to the separate elements, as it does not sell PCS separately. The Company, therefore, does not present this PCS revenue separately, and it does not believe other allocation methodologies, namely allocation based on relative costs, provide a meaningful and supportable allocation between license and PCS revenues. The Company recognizes each of the initial and renewal license fees ratably over the one-year period of the license during which the PCS is expected to be provided as required by paragraph 12 of SOP 97-2.
Pharsight enters into arrangements consisting of perpetual or one-year licenses, PCS, implementation/installation services and optional scientific consulting services.The Company recognizes revenue attributable to license, PCS and implementation/installation ratably over the remaining period of the PCS term once the implementation and installation services are completed and accepted by the customer. The optional scientific consulting services meet the criteria of paragraph 65 of SOP 97-2 for separate accounting, as they are not essential to the functionality of the delivered software, are described and priced separately in the arrangement, and are sold separately. The Company recognizes fees from optional scientific consulting services (equal to the amounts set forth in the contracts) as revenue as these services are provided or upon their acceptance, as applicable.
Pharsight also enters into arrangements that consist of perpetual and term-based licenses, PCS and implementation/installation services.For arrangements involving a significant amount of services related to installation and implementation of the software products, the Company recognizes revenue for the entire arrangement ratably over the remaining period of the PCS term once the implementation and installation services are completed and accepted by the customer. The Company currently does not have vendor specific objective evidence for PCS; however, revenues from maintenance renewals on perpetual licenses are classified as maintenance revenue on the accompanying statements of operations.
For arrangements consisting solely of services, Pharsight recognizes revenue as consulting services are performed. Arrangements for consulting services may be charged at daily rates for different levels of consultants and out-of-pocket expenses, or may be charged as a fixed fee. For fixed fee contracts, with payments based on milestones or acceptance criteria, the Company recognizes revenue as such milestones are achieved, or if customer acceptance of the milestone’s completion is required, upon such customer acceptance, which approximates the level of services provided. A number of internal and external factors can affect the Company’s estimates, including labor rates, utilization and efficiency variances, specification and testing requirement changes, and unforeseen changes in project scope.
The Company has one international distributor. There is no right of return or price protection for sales to the international distributor. Revenue on sales to this distributor is recognized ratably over the license term when the software is delivered to the distributor and other revenue recognition criteria are met.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue is comprised of license fees (initial and renewal), which are recognized ratably over the one-year period of the license. In addition, deferred revenue includes services and training revenue, which will be recognized as services are performed. Deferred revenue also includes license and service fees for arrangements that include significant implementation services, which have not yet been completed. Long- term deferred revenue represents amounts received for maintenance and support services to be provided beginning in periods after one year from the balance sheet date.
The principal components of deferred revenue were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2005 | March 31, 2005 | |||||
License | $ | 3,225 | $ | 2,625 | ||
Renewal | 3,036 | 2,975 | ||||
Training | 17 | 29 | ||||
Maintenance | 659 | 524 | ||||
Services | 436 | 1,151 | ||||
Total deferred revenue | $ | 7,373 | $ | 7,304 | ||
Short term deferred revenue | $ | 7,301 | $ | 7,178 | ||
Long term deferred revenue | 72 | 126 | ||||
Total deferred revenue | $ | 7,373 | $ | 7,304 | ||
7
Table of Contents
Net Income (Loss) per Share
Basic net income per share attributable to common stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of vested common stock (i.e. not subject to a right of repurchase) outstanding during the period.
Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of vested common stock outstanding and, where dilutive, weighted average number of shares of unvested common stock outstanding. Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders also gives effect, as applicable, to the potential dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and warrants to purchase common stock using the treasury stock method, and convertible preferred stock using the as-if-converted method, as of the beginning of the period presented or the original issuance date, if later.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 274 | $ | 1,411 | $ | 791 | $ | 1,926 | ||||||||
Preferred stock dividend | (190 | ) | (145 | ) | (549 | ) | (465 | ) | ||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders for basic computation | $ | 84 | $ | 1,266 | $ | 242 | $ | 1,461 | ||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 19,445 | 19,117 | 19,393 | 19,088 | ||||||||||||
Dilutive effect of: | ||||||||||||||||
Stock options and stock-based awards and as-if converted preferred stock in the periods ended December 31, 2004 | 2,522 | 9,078 | 2,727 | 9,194 | ||||||||||||
Dilutive weighted-average common shares outstanding | 21,967 | 28,195 | 22,120 | 28,282 | ||||||||||||
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||||
Diluted | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.07 | ||||||||
All potential common shares equivalent shares including preferred stock (on an as-if-converted basis), have been excluded from the computation of diluted income per share in the three and nine -month period ended December 31, 2005 as the effect of including such shares would be antidilutive.
The number of potential common stock shares excluded from the calculation of net income per share attributable to common stockholders at December 31, 2005 and, 2004 due to antidilution is detailed in the following table (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||
2005 | 2004 | |||
Outstanding options | 2,881 | 2,716 | ||
Warrants | 123 | 1,976 | ||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock | 7,621 | — | ||
10,625 | 4,692 | |||
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company generally grants stock options to its employees for a fixed number of shares with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. As permitted under the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“FAS 123”) and SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation – Transition and Disclosure” (“FAS 148”), the Company has elected to follow the intrinsic value method of accounting as defined by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”) and related interpretations in accounting for stock awards to employees. Accordingly, no compensation expense is recognized in the Company’s financial statements in connection with employee stock awards where the exercise price of the award is equal to the fair market value of the stock at the date of the award. When stock options are granted with an exercise price that is lower than the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant, the difference is recorded as deferred compensation and amortized to expense on a graded basis over the vesting term of the stock options.
8
Table of Contents
As required by FAS 148, the following table illustrates the effect on net income (loss) per share if the Company had accounted for its stock option and stock purchase plans under the fair value method of accounting (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders, as reported | $ | 84 | $ | 1,266 | $ | 242 | $ | 1,461 | ||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||||||
Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair value method for all awards | (255 | ) | $ | (181 | ) | (721 | ) | (491 | ) | |||||||
Pro forma net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | (171 | ) | $ | 1,085 | $ | (479 | ) | $ | 970 | ||||||
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders | ||||||||||||||||
As reported | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.08 | ||||||||
Pro forma | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | 0.06 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 0.05 | ||||||
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders | ||||||||||||||||
As reported | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.07 | ||||||||
Pro forma | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | 0.04 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 0.03 | ||||||
The Company estimates the fair value of its options using the Black-Scholes option value model, which was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. The Company’s employee stock options have characteristics significantly different than those of traded options, and changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates. The fair value of options granted and the option component of the employee purchase plan shares were estimated at the date of grant, assuming no expected dividends, and with the following weighted average assumptions:
ESPP | Options | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||||||||
Expected life (years) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 2.51 | 3.26 | 3.18 | 3.73 | ||||||||||||||||
Expected stock price volatility | 83.9 | % | 82.1 | % | 87.4 | % | 86.0 | % | 196.6 | % | 206.5 | % | 203.0 | % | 150.4 | % | ||||||||
Risk-free interest rate | 4.37 | % | 2.59 | % | 3.88 | % | 1.00 | % | 4.37 | % | 3.25 | % | 3.77 | % | 3.25 | % |
SFAS 123R
On December 16, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment,” or SFAS 123R, which is a revision FAS 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”. SFAS 123R supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”, and amends Statement of Accounting Standards No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows”. SFAS 123R requires all companies to measure compensation expense for all share-based payments (including employee stock options and options issued pursuant to employee stock purchase plans) based upon the fair value of the stock-based awards at the date of grant. SFAS 123R is effective for all public companies for annual periods beginning after June 15, 2005. Retroactive application of the requirements of FASB Statement No. 123 to the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the effective date is permitted, but not required. Early adoption of Statement 123R is encouraged. A component of SFAS 123(R) includes one of the following options for public companies: (a) modified-prospective method, (b) the modified-retrospective method, restating all prior periods. A determination as to which of the two options the Company will adopt will be made at a later date. As permitted by SFAS 123, the Company currently accounts for share-based payments to employees using APB 25’s intrinsic value method and, as such, generally recognizes no compensation cost for employee stock options. Accordingly, the adoption of SFAS 123(R)’s fair value method will have a significant impact on the Company’s result of operations, although it will have no impact on its overall financial position. The impact of adoption of Statement 123R cannot be predicted at this time because it will depend on levels of share-based payments granted in the future.
9
Table of Contents
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income” (“SFAS 130”), requires Pharsight to display comprehensive income (loss) and its components as part of the financial statements. Comprehensive income (loss) includes certain changes in equity that are excluded from net income (loss). Pharsight’s comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) adjusted for the effect of unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses. The foreign currency translation adjustments for the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2005 were $1,000, $16,000. The accumulated comprehensive loss at December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005 and March 31, 2005 was $8,000, $9,000, and $24,000 respectively.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company receives a substantial majority of its revenue from a limited number of customers. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, sales to the Company’s top two customers accounted for 33% and 35% of total revenue, respectively, and sales to its top five customers in the same periods accounted for 57% and 49% of total revenue, respectively. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2004, sales to the Company’s top two customers accounted for 51% and 47% of total revenue, respectively, and sales to its top five customers in the same periods accounted for 72% and 63% of total revenue, respectively. One customer accounted for 23% and 19% of total revenue for the three month and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to 34% and 24% of total revenue, respectively, for the same period in fiscal 2005. Another customer accounted for 10% and 15% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005 respectively, compared to 17% and 23% of total revenue, respectively, for the same period in fiscal 2005. For fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, sales to our top two customers accounted for 45%, 28% and 28% of total revenue, respectively, and sales to the top five customers in the same periods accounted for 62%, 50% and 50% of total revenue.
One customer comprised 17% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2005. Three customers comprised 35%, 15% and 10%, respectively, of accounts receivable at March 31, 2005.
2. NOTES PAYABLE
The Company has a secured term loan outstanding, payable over 48 months, with monthly payments that commenced in July 2002. The balance on the term loan as of December 31, 2005 was $437,000. In February 2005, the Company secured an additional term loan for the purchase of a new financial system, which was added to the existing term loan. The $300,000 term loan is payable over 36 months. The balance outstanding on this term loan as of December 31, 2005 was $217,000. In addition, the Company secured an equipment credit facility for $600,000, which is payable over 36 months. As of December 31, 2005, the current balance on this equipment credit facility was $550,000.
In December 2005, the Company extended its credit facilities with Silicon Valley Bank, providing for up to $3.0 million in borrowings, secured against 80% of eligible domestic accounts receivable. The current balance of this credit facility is $1.0 million as of December 31, 2005.
The following financial covenants apply to the extended Silicon Valley Bank loan facilities: net loss no greater than $200,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2006; net income of at least $1.00 in the remaining three quarters of fiscal 2006; and a minimum modified quick ratio (defined as cash and cash equivalents plus accounts receivable, divided by total current liabilities, including all bank debt and not including deferred revenue) of 2:1 for the months of December 2004 and each month thereafter. The Company was in compliance with each of these covenants as of December 31, 2005. Interest on our revolving lines of credit is accrued at 0.5% above prime and is payable monthly from the date of borrowing. Interest on our term loans is accrued at 1.25% above prime and is payable monthly from the date of borrowing. Certain of the Company’s assets, excluding intellectual property, secure both facilities.
10
Table of Contents
3. REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
On December 1, 2005, (the “Valuation Date”), we issued a dividend in the form of 18,142 shares of Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred”) to a Series A Preferred shareholder, at the election of the Series A Preferred shareholder. The Series B Preferred has identical rights, preferences and privileges as the Series A Preferred, except that the Series B Preferred is not entitled to the dividend payment right. Due to the nature of the redemption features of the Series B Preferred, we have excluded the Series B Preferred from stockholders’ equity in our financial statements. (Please refer to the discussion of the Preferred Stock Financing in Note 8 – Preferred Stock, in the Notes to Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on June 29, 2005.) During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, we paid cash dividends of $73,000 and $291,000 respectively, to our Series A Preferred shareholders.
The amount of the Series B Preferred dividend was determined based on the estimated per share fair value of the Series B Preferred. To record the fair value of the Series B Preferred, we performed a valuation based on our 5-day average stock price leading up to and including the Valuation Date. Various factors including, but not limited to, deemed time to liquidity and form of dividend payment were considered in the valuation of the Series B Preferred. The estimated fair value of the Series B Preferred issued on December 1, 2005 was $117,379 or $6.47 per share of Series B Preferred Stock and the estimated fair value of Series B Preferred issued on September 1, 2005 was $141,000 or $7.8 per share of Series B Preferred Stock.
4. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Segment information is presented in accordance with SFAS 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.” This standard is based on a management approach, which requires segmentation based upon the Company’s internal organization and reporting of revenue and operating income based upon internal accounting methods. The Company’s financial reporting systems present various data for management to run the business, including internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis not consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Not all assets are allocated to segments for internal reporting presentations. A portion of amortization and depreciation is included with various other costs in an overhead allocation to each segment and it is impracticable for the Company to separately identify the amount of amortization and depreciation by segment that is included in the measure of segment profit or loss.
The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), as defined by SFAS No. 131, is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM allocates resources to and assesses the performance of each operating segment using information about their revenue and operating profit before interest and taxes. The Company’s segments are designed to promote better alignment of strategic objectives between development, sales, marketing and services organizations; provide for more timely and rational allocation of development, sales and marketing resources within businesses; and for long-term planning efforts on key objectives and initiatives. The segments are used to allocate resources internally and provide a framework to determine management responsibility. Inter segment sales costs are estimated by management and used to compensate or charge each segment for such shared costs, and to incent shared efforts. Management will continually evaluate the alignment of sales and inter-segment commissions for segment reporting purposes, which may result in changes to segment allocations in future periods.
The Company operates in two operating segments, which is also its reportable segments: Software Products and Strategic Consulting. These segments were determined based on how management and its CODM view and evaluate Pharsight’s business.
The Company’s Software Products segment consists of software products and software deployment and integration services that provide the analytical tools and conceptual framework to help clinical researchers optimize the decision-making required to perform the clinical testing needed to bring drugs to market. By applying mathematical modeling and simulation to all available information regarding the compound being tested, researchers can clarify and quantify which trial and treatment design factors will influence the success of clinical trials.
11
Table of Contents
The Company’s Strategic Consulting segment consists of consulting, training and process redesign conducted by its clinical and decision scientists in the application and implementation of its core decision methodology. The Company’s methodology enables customers to identify which uncertainties are greatest and matter most, and then to design development programs, trial sequences, and individual trials, such that those trials systematically reduce the identified uncertainties, in the most rapid and cost-effective manner possible summarized financial information on the Company’s reportable segments is shown in the following table (in thousands):
Three Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Software Products | Strategic Consulting | Corporate & Reconciling Amounts | Total | Software Products | Strategic Consulting | Corporate & Reconciling Amounts | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 3,202 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,202 | $ | 3,571 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,571 | |||||||||||
Services | 868 | 1,687 | — | 2,555 | 582 | 2,309 | — | 2,891 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 4,070 | 1,687 | — | 5,757 | 4,153 | 2,309 | — | 6,462 | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin | 3,593 | 335 | — | 3,928 | 3,597 | 917 | — | 4,514 | |||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations | 894 | (599 | ) | (3 | ) | 292 | 1,397 | 187 | (94 | ) | 1,490 |
Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Software Products | Strategic Consulting | Corporate & Reconciling Amounts | Total | Software Products | Strategic Consulting | Corporate & Reconciling Amounts | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 8,200 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 8,200 | $ | 7,951 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,951 | |||||||||||
Services | 2,365 | 6,806 | — | 9,171 | 1,358 | 7,259 | — | 8,617 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 10,565 | 6,806 | — | 17,371 | 9,309 | 7,259 | — | 16,568 | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin | 9,029 | 2,572 | — | 11,601 | 7,907 | 3,055 | — | 10,962 | |||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations | 1,619 | (755 | ) | (4 | ) | 860 | 1,899 | 306 | (94 | ) | 2,111 |
Corporate and reconciling amounts include adjustments to present operating income in accordance with GAAP and corporate level expenses not specifically attributed to a segment. There were $3,000 and $4,000 in reconciling items to income from operations in the three or nine months ended December 31, 2005 compared to $94,000 in reconciling items to income from operations in the three or nine months ended December 31, 2004. There were no inter-segment revenues for the periods shown above.
5. CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES
Contingencies
From time to time and in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be subject to various claims, charges, and litigation. In the opinion of management, final judgments from such pending claims, charges, and litigation, if any, against the Company, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, result of operations, or cash flows.
12
Table of Contents
Guarantees
From time to time, the Company enters into certain types of contracts that contingently require it to indemnify parties against third party claims. These obligations relate to certain agreements with the Company’s officers, directors and employees, under which the Company may be required to indemnify such persons for liabilities arising out of their employment relationship. Other obligations relate to certain commercial agreements with its customers, under which the Company may be required to indemnify such parties against liabilities and damages arising out of claims of patent, copyright, trademark or trade secret infringement by the Company’s software. The terms of such obligations vary. Generally, a maximum obligation is not explicitly stated. Because the obligated amounts of these types of agreements often are not explicitly stated, the overall maximum amount of the obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. Historically, the Company has not had to make any payments for these obligations, and no liabilities have been recorded for these obligations on the Company’s balance sheets as of December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections, including statements regarding the benefits of our products and services, anticipated revenue, operating expenses or cash flows, anticipated product development, trends in customer demand, expansion opportunities for our products and services, revenue from sales to certain customers and our competitive position. In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “assume,” “potential,” “continue,” “intend,” “hope,” “can,” or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including without limitation the business risks discussed under the caption “Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Factors That May Affect Future Results and Market Price of Stock” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our, or our industry’s, actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activities, performance or achievements expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. These business risks should be considered in evaluating our prospects and future financial performance. Although we believe that expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Our expectations are as of the date we file this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date we file this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results, unless required by law.
Overview
Pharsight Corporation develops and markets software products and provides strategic consulting services that help pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies improve the efficiency of the drug development decision making process by reducing the costs and time requirements of their drug discovery, development, and commercialization efforts. Our products include proprietary software for clinical trial simulation and computer-aided trial design for the statistical analysis and mathematical modeling of data and for the storage, management, and regulatory reporting of derived data and models in data repositories. Both our software products and our services leverage expertise in the sciences of pharmacology, drug and disease modeling, human genetics, biostatistics and strategic decision-making. Our service offerings use this expertise to interpret and improve the design of scientific experiments and clinical trials, and to optimize clinical trial design and portfolio decisions. By integrating scientific, clinical, and business decision criteria into a dynamic model-based methodology, we help our customers to optimize the value of their drug development programs and portfolios from discovery to post-launch marketing and any point in between. We use computer-based drug-disease models, dynamic predictive market models, clinical trial simulation and advanced valuation models to create a continuously evolving view of our customers’ development efforts and product portfolios.
The use of our software and methodology is on the leading edge of the traditional drug-development process, which is heavily dependent upon clinical trials and patient testing. Although our methodology does not displace the use of human trials in drug development, we believe our analysis software and our methodology renders human trials more efficient and relevant. The continued growth of our customer base, the increase in the number of contracts with our customers, and the increase in our average contract values over time have shown a trend that we believe demonstrates increased acceptance of our methodology and an increased demand for its use. We believe that these trends, in addition to increasing regulatory
13
Table of Contents
requirements from the FDA, demonstrate a potential for increased revenue growth resulting from increased demand for our current products and services, as well as long-term opportunities to expand the breadth and coverage of both our consulting services and software product offerings.
For reporting purposes, we operate in two business segments: Software Products and Strategic Consulting. Our Software Products segment consists of software products and software deployment and integration services that provide the analytical tools and conceptual framework to help clinical researchers optimize the decision-making required to perform clinical testing needed to bring drugs to market. Our Strategic Consulting segment consists of consulting, training and process redesign conducted by our clinical and decision scientists in the application and implementation of our core decision methodology. These segments were determined based on how management and our Chief Operating Decision Maker, or CODM, who is our Chief Executive Officer, view and evaluate Pharsight’s business.
Financial Highlights for Fiscal Third Quarter 2006
• | We achieved our 8th consecutive quarter of net income. |
• | Our revenue for the third quarter of fiscal 2006 was $5.8 million, a decrease of 11% compared with revenue of $6.5 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2005. Revenue for the first nine months of fiscal 2006 was $17.4 million, an increase of 5% compared with revenue of $16.6 million the same period in fiscal 2005. |
• | Our gross margin in the third quarter of fiscal 2006 was 68% compared with a gross margin of 69% for the third quarter of fiscal 2005. Gross margin for the first nine months of fiscal 2006 improved to 67% compared with a gross margin of 66% for the first nine months of fiscal 2005. |
• | We achieved operating cash flow of $1.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2005. |
Challenges and Risks
We achieved our first quarter of profitability in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004 and have maintained profitability through the third quarter of fiscal 2006. Prior to that time we had incurred losses since inception. We currently have an accumulated deficit of approximately $76.2 million. To meet increased demand for our products and services, we may be required to invest further in our operations, technology and infrastructure, which may result in our inability to sustain profitability. Although we believe we are currently experiencing increased demand for our consulting services, we may have difficulty expanding our capacity to deliver such services in a profitable manner, if at all.
We achieved positive operating cash flow in fiscal 2004 and continued to have positive operating cash flow in fiscal 2005; however, we experienced negative operating cash flow in the first and second quarter of fiscal 2006. We achieved positive cash flow in the third quarter of fiscal 2006. Although we believe that our current cash balances are sufficient to meet our working capital needs for the next twelve months, our ability to generate positive net cash flow and sustain positive operating cash flow on a quarterly and annual basis is based on a number of factors, including some of which are outside of our control, such as the state of the overall economy, the demand for our products and the length and lack of predictability of our sales cycle. As a result, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private financings or other sources to fund our operations. We may not be able to obtain additional funds on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities, these equity securities might have rights, preferences or privileges senior to our common stock and preferred stock. In addition, the necessity of raising additional funds could force us to incur debt on terms that could restrict our ability to make capital expenditures and to incur additional indebtedness.
In the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, we generated 56% and 47% of our total revenues, or $3.2 million and $8.2 million, respectively, from software license and renewal fees, compared to 55% and 48% of total revenues, or $3.6 million and $8.0 million, in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2004, respectively. Software services revenue increased to $868,000 or 15% of total revenue and $2.4 million or 14% of total revenue for the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $582,000 or 9%of total revenue and $1.4 million or 8% of total revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2004, respectively. While we expect that the overall long-term revenue trend in our software business will continue to increase in response to customer demand, the revenue in individual quarters may fluctuate significantly, based upon timing of completion of large software installations and related revenue recognition. Unanticipated delays in deployment schedules may have significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition and may have corresponding significant impact on our net income in that quarter.
14
Table of Contents
We generate a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of clients. We expect that a significant portion of our revenue will continue to depend on sales to a small number of clients. In addition, the worldwide pharmaceutical industry has undergone, and may in the future undergo, substantial consolidation, which may reduce the number of our existing and potential clients. The loss of one of our large clients would hurt our business and prevent us from sustaining profitability.
Our clients may also expand their internal drug development organizations to include functions and individuals that might perform services similar to those performed by our strategic consulting group. As a result, our consulting business could have difficulty sustaining its current levels of revenues, or increasing its revenues in the future. Unanticipated delays in consulting project schedules may have significant impact to the timing of revenue recognition and may have corresponding significant impact on our net income in that quarter.
The pharmaceutical industry in general has recently experienced, and may continue to experience, forced withdrawal of certain drugs from the public market due to unforeseen safety risks. Our clients may, as a result, experience declines in their revenues, which may lead to reductions in their current level of spending on software solutions and strategic consulting services. This could adversely affect our business and prevent us from increasing or sustaining our software products and strategic consulting revenues.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, our financial statements will be affected. The primary critical accounting policies that currently affect our financial condition and results of operations are revenue recognition and allowance for doubtful accounts, which impact revenue. We believe that this accounting policy is critical to fully understand and evaluate our reported financial results.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenues are derived from two primary sources: (1) initial and renewal fees for term-based and perpetual product licenses, and (2) services related to scientific and training consulting and software deployment.
Our revenue recognition policy is in accordance with Statement of Position No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” or SOP 97-2, as amended. For each arrangement, we determine whether evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, collection is probable, and no significant post-delivery obligations remain unfulfilled. If any of these criteria are not met, we defer revenue recognition until such time as all of the criteria are met. We do not currently offer, have not offered in the past, and do not expect to offer in the future, extended payment term arrangements. If we do not consider collectability to be probable, we defer recognition of revenue until the fee is collected.
We enter into arrangements for one-year software licenses (initial and renewal fees) bundled with post-contract support services, or PCS, from which we receive solely license and renewal fees. We do not have vendor specific objective evidence to allocate the fee to the separate elements, as we do not sell PCS separately. Therefore, we do not present PCS revenue separately, and we do not believe other allocation methodologies, namely allocation based on relative costs, provide a meaningful and supportable allocation between license and PCS revenues. We recognize each of the initial and renewal license fees ratably over the one-year period of the license during which the PCS is expected to be provided as required by paragraph 12 of SOP 97-2.
We enter into arrangements consisting of perpetual or one-year licenses, one-year PCS, implementation/installation services and optional scientific consulting services.We recognize revenue attributable to license, PCS and implementation/installation ratably over the remaining period of the PCS term once the implementation and installation services are completed and accepted by the customer. The optional scientific consulting services meet the criteria of paragraph 65 of SOP 97-2 for separate accounting, as they are not essential to the functionality of the delivered software, are described and priced separately in the arrangement and are sold separately. We recognize fees from optional scientific consulting services (equal to the amounts set in the contracts) as revenue as these services are provided or upon their acceptance, as applicable.
We also enter into arrangements that consist of perpetual and term-based licenses, PCS and implementation/installation services. For arrangements involving a significant amount of services related to installation and implementation of our software products, we recognize revenue for the entire arrangement ratably over the remaining period of the PCS term once the implementation and installation services are completed and accepted by the customer. We currently do not have vendor specific objective evidence for PCS, however revenues from maintenance renewals on perpetual licenses are classified as maintenance revenue on our income statement.
15
Table of Contents
For arrangements consisting solely of services, we recognize revenue as consulting services are performed. Arrangements for consulting services may be charged at daily rates for different levels of consultants and out-of-pocket expenses, or may be charged as a fixed fee. For fixed fee contracts, with payments based on milestones or acceptance criteria, we recognize revenue as such milestones are achieved, or if customer acceptance of the milestone’s completion is required, upon such customer acceptance, which approximates the level of services provided. A number of internal and external factors can affect our estimates, including labor rates, utilization and efficiency variances, specification and testing requirement changes, and unforeseen changes in project scope.
We have one international distributor. There is no right of return or price protection for sales to the international distributor. Revenue on sales to this distributor is recognized ratably over the license term when the software is delivered to the distributor and other revenue recognition criteria are met.
Judgments affecting revenue recognition.Revenue results are difficult to predict, and any shortfall in revenue or delay in recognizing revenue could cause our operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. We recognize revenue in accordance with GAAP rules that have been prescribed for the software industry. The accounting rules related to revenue recognition are complex and are affected by interpretations of the rules and an understanding of industry practices, both of which are subject to change. Consequently, the revenue recognition accounting rules require management to make significant judgments.
We do not record revenue on sales to customers whose ability to pay is in doubt at the time of sale. Rather, we recognize revenue from these customers as cash is collected. The determination of a customer’s ability to pay requires significant judgment. In this regard, management considers the international region of the customer and the financial viability of the customer in assessing a customer’s ability to pay.
We generally do not consider revenue arrangements with extended payment terms to be fixed or determinable and, accordingly, we do not generally recognize revenue on these arrangements until the customer payments become due. The determination of whether extended payment terms are fixed or determinable requires management to exercise significant judgment, including assessing such factors as the past payment history with the individual customer and evaluating the risk of concessions over an extended payment period. The determinations that we make can materially impact the timing of recognition of revenues. Our normal payment terms currently range from “net 30 days” to “net 60 days,” which are not considered by us to be extended payment terms.
The majority of our PKS software arrangements include software deployment services. We defer revenue for software deployment services, along with the associated license revenue, until the services are completed. If there is significant uncertainty about the project completion or receipt of payment for the professional services, we defer revenue until the uncertainty is sufficiently resolved.
Additionally, for fixed fee strategic consulting contracts, with payments based on milestones or acceptance criteria, we recognize revenue as such milestones are achieved, or if customer acceptance is required, upon customer acceptance, which approximates the level of services provided. Management makes a number of estimates related to recognizing revenue for such contracts, as discussed further above. A number of internal and external factors can affect our estimates, including labor rates, utilization and efficiency variances, specification and testing requirement changes, and unforeseen changes in project scope.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts at an amount estimated to be sufficient to provide adequate protection against losses resulting from collecting less than the full payment on our currently outstanding receivables. We make judgments as to our ability to collect receivables and provide allowances for the portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful. Provisions are made, in part, based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices. A component of the allowance attributable to invoices not specifically reviewed is also recorded based on differing percentage rates based upon the age of the receivable. In determining these percentages, we analyze our historical collection experience and current economic trends.
16
Table of Contents
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods given, selected unaudited consolidated financial data by reportable segment as a percentage of our revenue and the percentage of period-over-period change. The table and the discussion below should be read in connection with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto which appear elsewhere in this report. All percentage calculations set forth in this section have been made using figures presented in the consolidated financial statements, and not from the rounded figures referred to in the text of this management discussion and analysis.
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Three Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 3,202 | $ | 3,571 | (10 | )% | 56 | % | 55 | % | |||||
Services | 2,555 | 2,891 | (12 | )% | 44 | % | 45 | % | |||||||
Total revenues: | $ | 5,757 | $ | 6,462 | (11 | )% | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
Software products segment revenues | |||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 3,202 | $ | 3,571 | (10 | )% | 56 | % | 55 | % | |||||
Services | 868 | 582 | 49 | % | 15 | % | 9 | % | |||||||
Total software products segment revenues: | $ | 4,070 | $ | 4,153 | (2 | )% | 71 | % | 64 | % | |||||
Strategic consulting segment revenues: | $ | 1,687 | $ | 2,309 | (27 | )% | 29 | % | 36 | % | |||||
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 8,200 | $ | 7,951 | 3 | % | 47 | % | 48 | % | |||||
Services | 9,171 | 8,617 | 6 | % | 53 | % | 52 | % | |||||||
Total revenues: | $ | 17,371 | 16,568 | 5 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||
Software products segment revenues | |||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 8,200 | $ | 7,951 | 3 | % | 47 | % | 48 | % | |||||
Services | 2,365 | 1,358 | 74 | % | 14 | % | 8 | % | |||||||
Total software products segment revenues: | $ | 10,565 | $ | 9,309 | 13 | % | 61 | % | 56 | % | |||||
Strategic consulting segment revenues: | $ | 6,806 | $ | 7,259 | (6 | )% | 39 | % | 44 | % | |||||
Comparison of Three and Nine Months Ended December 31, 2005 and 2004
Total revenues
Revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2005 decreased approximately 11% to $5.8 million, compared to $6.5 million in the same period in fiscal 2005. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in strategic consulting services revenue as we provided less services to our customers. Due to an unexpected downturn in the pharmaceutical industry, our customers and potential customers have recently reduced their spending on strategic consulting services. During the three months ended December 31, 2005, we were particularly affected by the decreased spending by one of our largest strategic consulting services customers.
Revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2005 increased approximately 5% to $17.4 million, compared to $16.6 million in the same period in fiscal 2005. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in PKS renewal software license revenues and maintenance renewals in the first quarter of fiscal 2006 and the growth of DMX revenue for both initial license and maintenance renewal as we completed the implementation of a large DMX contract in the second quarter of fiscal 2006. In addition, we recognized more services revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2006 than in the same quarter in fiscal 2005 due to the completion of a PKS automation project.
17
Table of Contents
Software products segment revenues
License and renewal revenues.
Desktop software products revenues increased to $2.0 million and $5.1 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, from $1.6 million and $4.5 million for the same periods in fiscal 2005. The increase in revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2005 is attributable to an increase in initial desktop license revenue recognized from one of our major customers. The increase in revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2005 is mainly attributable to increased sales of our desktop software products and a high rate of license renewals during the first quarter of fiscal 2006, as well as the initial desktop license revenue recognized from one of our major customers in the third quarter of fiscal 2006.
PKS software products revenues decreased to $527,000 and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, from $1.8 million and $2.9 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The decrease in revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2005 is mainly attributable to a decrease in the completion and installation of PKS software products resulting in less PKS license revenue recognized. The decrease in revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2005 is mainly attributable to the change in product mix between initial PKS licenses and renewal of PKS licenses as well as the fact that licenses were renewed at lower prices starting in the second quarter of fiscal 2006.
DMX software revenues increased to $682,000 and $1.6 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, from $168,000 and $518,000 in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The increase in revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2005 is mainly due to contiue recognizing the large DMX project completed in the second quarter of fiscal 2006 over the remaining term of the contract in the third quarter of fiscal 2006. The increase in DMX software revenue for the nine months of fiscal 2006 is also due to recognizing the revenue on the same large DMX contract obligation that was completed in the second quarter of fiscal 2006.
Services revenues.Software services revenues increased to $868,000 and $2.4 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, from $582,000 and $1.4 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The increase in software services revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2005 was largely driven by the completion of two major PKS projects. The increase in software services revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2006 is due to the completion of one PKS installation project in the first quarter of fiscal 2006, two PKS deployment and automation framework projects in the second quarter of fiscal 2006 and two PKS deployment and automation framework projects in third quarter of fiscal 2006.
Strategic consulting segment revenues
Strategic consulting segment revenues decreased to $1.7 million and $6.8 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, from $2.3 million and $7.3 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The decrease in strategic consulting revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005 compared to the same periods in the prior year is due to a decrease in services provided resulting from the unexpected downturn of the pharmaceutical industry starting in the second quarter of fiscal 2006. Our customers and potential customers have recently reduced their spending on strategic consulting services. During the three months ended December 31, 2005, we were particularly affected by the decreased spending by one of our largest customers.
Cost of revenues and operating expenses
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Three Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Cost of Revenues | |||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 63 | $ | 103 | (39 | )% | 1 | % | 2 | % | |||||
Services | 1,766 | 1,845 | (4 | )% | 31 | % | 28 | % | |||||||
Total cost of revenues: | $ | 1,829 | $ | 1,948 | (6 | )% | 32 | % | 30 | % | |||||
Cost of software products segments revenues | |||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 63 | $ | 103 | (39 | )% | 1 | % | 2 | % | |||||
Services | 414 | 453 | (9 | )% | 7 | % | 6 | % | |||||||
Total software products segment | $ | 477 | $ | 556 | (14 | )% | 8 | % | 8 | % | |||||
Cost of strategic consulting segment revenues | $ | 1,352 | $ | 1,392 | (3 | )% | 23 | % | 22 | % | |||||
18
Table of Contents
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Cost of Revenues | |||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 221 | $ | 295 | (25 | )% | 1 | % | 2 | % | |||||
Services | 5,549 | 5,311 | 4 | % | 32 | % | 32 | % | |||||||
Total cost of revenues: | $ | 5,770 | $ | 5,606 | 3 | % | 33 | % | 34 | % | |||||
Cost of software products segments revenues | |||||||||||||||
License and renewal | $ | 221 | $ | 295 | (25 | )% | 1 | % | 2 | % | |||||
Services | 1,315 | 1,107 | 19 | % | 8 | % | 7 | % | |||||||
Total software products segment | $ | 1,536 | $ | 1,402 | 10 | % | 9 | % | 9 | % | |||||
Cost of strategic consulting segment revenues | $ | 4,234 | 4,204 | 1 | % | 24 | % | 25 | % | ||||||
Cost of revenues
Total cost of revenues
Total cost of revenues were $1.8 million and $5.8 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $1.9 million and $5.6 million in the same period in fiscal 2005. The decrease in the three months ended December 31, 2005 was primarily attributable to the increased cost efficiencies in both software products and services as well as the timing of recognizing the costs associated with software consulting services. The increase in the nine months ended December 31, 2005 was primarily attributable to the completion of two PKS deployment and automation framework projects during the first half of fiscal 2006.
Software products segment
Cost of license and renewal revenues. Cost of license and renewal revenues primarily consists of royalty expense for third-party software included in our products, and cost of materials for both initial products and product updates provided for in our annual license agreements. Cost of license and renewal revenues was $63,000 and $221,000 for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $103,000 and $295,000 in the same period in fiscal 2005. The decrease in cost of license and renewal revenues in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005 is primarily due to decrease in royalty expense, as we currently make payments to only one vendor compared to the two vendors we paid in fiscal 2005. In addition, there was a decrease in royalty expense associated with the decrease in sales of our Trial Simulator product in the third quarter of fiscal 2006.
Cost of services revenues. Cost of services revenues consists of payroll and related costs, travel expenses, and facilities and overhead costs associated with our deployment services group. Cost of services revenue was $414,000 and $1.3 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $453,000 and $1.1 million in the same period in fiscal 2005. The cost of services revenues in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2005 was relatively consistent with the same period in fiscal 2005. The increase in cost of services revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2005 compared to the same period in fiscal 2005 is due to recognizing costs associated with the recognition of revenue from two PKS deployment and automation framework projects that were completed in the third quarter of fiscal 2006; in the same period of fiscal 2005, the costs of services revenue was not recognized as no software deployment projects were completed in that period.
19
Table of Contents
Strategic consulting segment
Cost of services for our strategic consulting segment consists of payroll and payroll related costs, travel expenses, and facilities and overhead costs associated with our strategic consulting personnel. Cost of services for our strategic consulting segment was $1.4 million and $4.2 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $1.4 million and $4.2 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The cost of services for our strategic consulting segment in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005 remained relatively consistent compared to the same periods in fiscal 2005.
Operating expenses
Research and development
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Three Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Software products segment | $ | 878 | $ | 750 | 17 | % | 15 | % | 12 | % | |||||
Strategic consulting segment | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||
Total research and development | $ | 878 | $ | 750 | 17 | % | 15 | % | 12 | % | |||||
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Software products segment | $ | 2,558 | $ | 2,176 | 18 | % | 15 | % | 13 | % | |||||
Strategic consulting segment | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||
Total research and development | $ | 2,558 | $ | 2,176 | 18 | % | 15 | % | 13 | % | |||||
Research and development expenses consist mainly of payroll, payroll related expenses and third-party consulting expenses.
Software products segment
Research and development expenses were $878,000 and $2.6 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $750,000 and $2.2 million for the same periods in fiscal 2005. The increase in research and development expenses in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005 compared to the same periods in fiscal 2005 was primarily due to an increase in third party consulting expense and an increase in payroll related expenses in the first quarter of fiscal 2006 resulting from the hiring and reallocation from other departments of five employees.
Strategic consulting segment
The strategic consulting segment does not engage in research and development activities, nor is any such expense allocable to the segment, therefore it does not incur research and development related expenses.
Sales and marketing
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Three Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Software products segment | $ | 953 | $ | 753 | 27 | % | 17 | % | 12 | % | |||||
Strategic consulting segment | 542 | 314 | 73 | % | 9 | % | 5 | % | |||||||
Total sales and marketing | $ | 1,495 | $ | 1,067 | 40 | % | 26 | % | 17 | % | |||||
20
Table of Contents
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Software products segment | $ | 2,532 | $ | 1,943 | 30 | % | 15 | % | 12 | % | |||||
Strategic consulting segment | 1,684 | 1,140 | 48 | % | 10 | % | 7 | % | |||||||
Total sales and marketing | $ | 4,216 | $ | 3,083 | 37 | % | 25 | % | 19 | % | |||||
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, commissions for sales, corporate marketing, facilities related costs and travel related costs.
Total sales and marketing expense
Sales and marketing expenses were $1.5 million and $4.2 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $1.1 million and $3.1 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The increase in sales and marketing expense in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2006 was due to an increase in sales commission that resulted from the signing of new contracts and an increase in marketing expenses related to a sales conference during the third quarter of fiscal 2006.
The increase in sales and marketing expense in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2006 was primarily the result of an increase in payroll related expenses related to the hiring of new executives near the end of first quarter of fiscal 2006, plus the net increase of two additional employees and an increase in sales commission that resulted from the signing of new contracts in the third quarter of fiscal 2006. In addition, one employee was transferred to the our marketing group as we increased our marketing efforts in the second quarter of fiscal 2006. The software products and strategic consulting segments both have dedicated sales and marketing resources, as well as a shared pool of sales and marketing resources which are allocated to the segments based on each segment’s revenue as a relative percentage of total revenues. Inter-segment sales costs related to the shared pool of resources are estimated by management and used to compensate or charge each segment for such shared costs, and to incent shared efforts. Management will continually evaluate the alignment of sales and inter-segment commissions for segment reporting purposes, which may result in changes to segment allocations in future periods.
Software products segment
Sales and marketing expenses for the software products segment were $953,000 and $2.5 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $753,000 and $1.9 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The increase in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2005 was due to an increase in commission expenses and marketing expenses related to the sales conference that took place in the third quarter of fiscal 2006. The increase in sales and marketing expense in absolute dollars in the first nine months of fiscal 2006 was primarily due to an increase in payroll and payroll related costs, which includes employment placement fees associated with the hiring of new executives and additional employees as well as the increase in commission expenses and marketing expenses related to the sales conference in the third quarter of fiscal 2006.
Strategic consulting segment
Sales and marketing expenses for the strategic consulting segment were $542,000 and $1.7 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $314,000 and $1.1 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The increase in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to the result of an increase in payroll and payroll related expenses due to increased headcount and the marketing expenses related to the inside sales conference took place in the third quarter of fiscal 2006.
General and administrative
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Three Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Software products segment | $ | 867 | $ | 697 | 24 | % | 15 | % | 11 | % | |||||
Strategic consulting segment | 392 | 416 | (6 | )% | 7 | % | 6 | % | |||||||
Unallocated G&A | 3 | 94 | — | 0 | % | 2 | % | ||||||||
Total general and administrative | $ | 1,262 | $ | 1,207 | 5 | % | 22 | % | 19 | % | |||||
21
Table of Contents
Percentage of Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended December 31, | Percentage of Dollar Change Year Over Year | Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | 2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Software products segment | $ | 2,319 | $ | 1,889 | 23 | % | 13 | % | 11 | % | |||||
Strategic consulting segment | 1,643 | 1,609 | 2 | % | 9 | % | 10 | % | |||||||
Unallocated G&A | 4 | 94 | — | 0 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||
Total general and administrative | $ | 3,966 | $ | 3,592 | 10 | % | 22 | % | 22 | % | |||||
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of executive officers and support personnel, facilities, investor relations, legal and accounting fees.
Total general and administrative expense
General and administrative expenses were $1.2 million and $4.0 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $1.2 million and $3.6 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The increase in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2006 as compared to the same period in fiscal 2005 was primarily due to an increase in depreciation related expense associated with the implementation of a new ERP system, additional facility related expenses associated with moving to new facilities, increase in professional service fees, and additional salary as well as related payroll expenses due to increased headcount from the prior year.
Software products segment
General and administrative expenses for the software products segment were $867,000 and $2.3 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $697,000 and $1.9 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The increase in general and administrative expense in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue for both the third quarter of fiscal 2006 and in the first nine months of fiscal 2006 was primarily the result of an increase in professional service fees and other general business expenses, such as insurance, and an increase in the allocation of facility related expenses. General and administrative costs for the software product segment also increased as the result of a higher relative percentage of software product segment revenues to total revenues. The increase in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for the nine months of fiscal 2006 was also a result of higher growth in expenses relative to the growth in revenue.
Strategic consulting segment
General and administrative expenses for the strategic consulting segment were $392,000 and $1.6 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, respectively, compared to $416,000 and $1.6 million in the same periods in fiscal 2005. The general and administrative expense in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue for the three and nine month ended December 31, 2005 remains relatively consistent with the same period in fiscal 2005.
22
Table of Contents
Provision for Income Taxes
Year over year comparison for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes | $ | 25 | $ | 46 | $ | 65 | $ | 68 | ||||
Provisions for income taxes were recorded for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005 and 2004. These provisions were attributable to federal and state alternative minimum taxes, other state taxes and foreign income tax. The amounts provided were at rates less than the combined U.S. federal and state statutory rates due to the utilization of federal and state net operating loss carry forwards.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
From our inception through the initial public offering of our common stock, we funded operations through the private sale of preferred stock, with net proceeds of approximately $38.0 million, limited borrowings and equipment leases. In August 2000, we completed our initial public offering of 3,000,000 shares of common stock, at a price of $10.00 per share, all of which were issued and sold by us for net proceeds of $26.4 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of $2.1 million and expenses of $1.5 million. We paid $6.1 million to holders of our Series C preferred stock at the closing of the offering as required by the terms of the Series C preferred stock. After this payment, our net proceeds were $20.3 million. In June and September of fiscal 2003, we completed a private placement of preferred stock to several of our investors, raising additional net proceeds of $7.2 million, as further described below
Summarized cash, working capital and cash flow information is as follows (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2005 | % Change | March 31, 2005 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,974 | (6 | )% | $ | 10,579 | |||||
Working capital | $ | 2,869 | (14 | )% | $ | 3,332 | |||||
Nine Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2005 | %Change | 2004 | |||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | $ | 1,645 | 1075 | % | $ | 140 | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities | $ | (1,856 | ) | (446 | )% | $ | (340 | ) | |||
Cash flows from financing activities | $ | (410 | ) | 61 | % | $ | (1,039 | ) | |||
Cash and Cash Equivalents.As of December 31, 2005, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of demand deposits and money market funds. The decrease in our cash and cash equivalents in the nine months ended December 31, 2005 was primarily due to $1.9 million used in investing activities for property and equipment and $410,000 of cash used in financing activities in the cash payment for dividends. The largest amount of cash provided from operating activities was due to a decrease in other assets, an increase in accrued expenses/ accrued compensation due to the timing of payments and an increase in deferred revenue. The largest cash usage from operating activities was due to a decrease in accounts payable and an increase in accounts receivable.
Cash Flows From Operating Activities.Cash flows provided by operating activities increased in the first nine months of fiscal 2006 as compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2005 is primarily due to net income, an increase in accounts receivables, decrease in prepaid and other assets, increase in accrued expenses and deferred revenue. At the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2006, we began to see an improvement in the demand for our consulting services, as our customers signed number of large contracts with us at the end of the year.
23
Table of Contents
Cash Flows From Investing Activities. Cash flows used in investing activities during the first nine months of fiscal 2006 primarily related to moving to a new corporate headquarters and investment in a new financial system that we began implementing during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005. We used approximately $550,000 of cash in connection with improvements made to our new corporate headquarters, which was offset by approximately $368,000 in tenant improvement credits received from the landlord. The reimbursement of tenant improvements is classified as deferred rent incentives, which is included as part of accrued liabilities. Cash flows used in investing activities in the first nine months of fiscal 2006 was related to purchases of capital equipment necessary for our ongoing operations, including computers, computer server equipments, and furniture related to the relocation of the Cary, North Carolina office in the first quarter of fiscal 2006 and the relocation of the Mountain View, California headquarters in the second quarter of fiscal 2006. There was also additional data storage purchased for both the Mountain View headquarters and the Cary office in the third quarter of fiscal 2006.
Cash Flows From Financing Activities. Cash flows used in financing activities in the first nine months of fiscal 2006 were primarily a result of loan proceeds of $600,000 received in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, offset by the payments against our outstanding loan facilities with Silicon Valley Bank and payments of dividends to our preferred stockholders. Cash flows used in financing activities in the first nine months of fiscal 2005 were primarily a result of payments against our outstanding loan facilities with Silicon Valley Bank and payments of dividends to our preferred stockholders.
Credit Facilities. We have a secured term loan outstanding, payable over 48 months, with monthly payments having commenced in July 2002. The balance on the term loan as of December 31, 2005 was $437,000. In February 2005, we secured an additional term loan for the purchase of a new financial system, which was added to the existing term loan. The $300,000 term loan is payable over 36 months. The balance outstanding on the term loan as of December 31, 2005 was $217,000. In addition, the Company secured an equipment credit facility through June 2006 for up to $600,000. Each advance will be payable over 36 months. As of December 31, 2005, the current balance on this equipment credit facility was $550,000.
In December 2005, the Company extended our credit facilities with Silicon Valley Bank, providing for up to $3.0 million in borrowings, secured against 80% of eligible domestic accounts receivable. The current balance of this credit facility is $1.0 million as of December 31, 2005.
The following financial covenants apply to the extended Silicon Valley Bank loan facilities: net loss no greater than $200,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2006; net income of at least $1.00 in the remaining three quarters of fiscal 2006; and a minimum modified quick ratio (defined as cash and cash equivalents plus accounts receivable, divided by total current liabilities, including all bank debt and not including deferred revenue) of 2:1 for the months of December 2004 and each month thereafter. We were in compliance with each of these covenants as of December 31, 2005. Interest on our revolving lines of credit is accrued at 0.5% above prime and is payable monthly from the date of borrowing. Interest on our term loans is accrued at 1.25% above prime and is payable monthly from the date of borrowing. Certain of our assets, excluding intellectual property, secure both facilities.
Preferred Stock Financing.On June 26, 2002 and September 11, 2002, we completed private placements of our securities to certain entities affiliated with Alloy Ventures, Inc. and the Sprout Group, both of which were existing stockholders, pursuant to a Preferred Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we sold an aggregate of 1,814,662 units (each a “Unit,” and collectively the “Units”). Each Unit consisted of one share of our Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock (the “Series A Preferred”) and a warrant to purchase one share of our common stock. The purchase price for each Unit was $4.133, which is the sum of $4.008 (four times the underlying average closing price for our common stock over the five trading days prior to the initial closing (i.e., $1.002)) and $0.125 for each share of Series A Preferred and warrant, respectively. The second closing, which occurred on September 11, 2002, was subject to stockholder approval, which was obtained on September 6, 2002.
The Series A Preferred is redeemable at any time after five years from the date of issuance upon the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the holders of Series A Preferred, at a price of $4.008 per share plus any unpaid dividends. Each share of Series A Preferred is convertible into four shares of our common stock at the election of the holder or upon the occurrence of certain other events. The holders of Series A Preferred are entitled to receive, but only out of legally available funds, quarterly cumulative dividends at the rate of 8% per year commencing in September 2002, which are payable in cash or shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock (the “Series B Preferred” and, together with the Series A Preferred, the “Preferred Stock”), at the election of the holder. The terms of the Series B Preferred are identical to the Series A Preferred, except that the Series B Preferred is not entitled to receive the 8% dividends. In the event of any liquidation or winding up of the company, the holders of the Series A Preferred and Series B Preferred shall be entitled to receive in preference to the holders of the common stock a per share amount equal to the greater of (a) the original issue price, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends and (b) the amount that such shares would receive if converted to common stock immediately prior thereto (the “Liquidation Preference”). After the payment of the Liquidation Preference to the holders of Preferred Stock, the remaining assets shall be distributed ratably to the holders of the common stock. A merger, acquisition, sale of voting control of the company in which our stockholders do not own a majority of the outstanding shares of the surviving corporation, or a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, shall be deemed to be a liquidation.
24
Table of Contents
The holders of Series A Preferred and Series B Preferred are entitled to vote together with the common stock. Each share of Preferred Stock has a number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock then issuable upon conversion of such share of Preferred Stock. In addition, consent of the holders of at least 75% of the then outstanding Preferred Stock is required for certain actions, including any action that amends our charter documents so as to adversely affect the Preferred Stock.
The warrants are exercisable for a period of five years from issuance with an exercise price of $1.15 per share.
The Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to receive an annual dividend of 8% payable quarterly in cash or shares of Series B Preferred Stock, at the election of the holder of the Series A Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock has identical rights, preferences and privileges to the Series A Preferred Stock except that the Series B Preferred Stock is not entitled to 8% dividends. These quarterly dividends commenced in September 2002. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, we paid $73,000 and $291,000, respectively, in cash dividends to the Series A Preferred stockholders and we recorded an additional $48,000 in accrued dividends payable as of December 31, 2005. On September 1, 2005 and December 1, 2005 (the “Valuation Date”), at the election of a Series A Preferred stockholder, instead of cash we issued dividends in the form of 18,142 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to a Series A Preferred stockholder.
Contractual Commitments. As of December 31, 2005, we had operating leases for our facilities and certain property and equipment that expire at various times through fiscal years 2005 and 2011. These arrangements allow us to obtain the use of the equipment and facilities without purchasing them. If we were to acquire these assets, we would be required to obtain financing and record a liability related to the financing of these assets or we would need to utilize upfront cash flow to purchase them. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, we recorded rent expense related to these arrangements of $91,000 and $420,000, respectively.
The following is a summary of our contractual commitments associated with our debt and lease obligations as of December 31, 2005, (in thousands):
Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations | Total | Less Than 1 Year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | More Than 5 Years | ||||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock (1) | $ | 873 | $ | 582 | $ | 291 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
Notes payable | 2,204 | 1,737 | 467 | — | — | ||||||||||
Operating leases | 2,275 | 419 | 888 | 888 | 80 | ||||||||||
Total commitments | $ | 5,352 | $ | 2,738 | $ | 1,646 | $ | 888 | $ | 80 | |||||
(1) | The holders of the preferred stock may elect to have us redeem the preferred stock immediately after it becomes redeemable in June 2007. However, if this does not occur then we will continue to pay dividends in the aggregate amount of approximately $582,000 per year. Further, the terms of the preferred stock provide that it will automatically convert to common stock in the event of a public offering meeting certain minimum conditions, and if this were to occur, our obligation to pay dividends or redeem the preferred stock would cease at that time. Any of these outcomes is beyond our control and the probability of any of these outcomes is highly subjective. The amounts presented in the table above reflect only our contractual obligations related to dividend payments to the holders of the preferred stock up to June 2007, at which point the stock may or may not redeem. |
Short Term and Long Term Liquidity.We believe that the combination of our cash and cash equivalents and currently anticipated cash flow from operations should be adequate to sustain operations through the next 12 months. We are managing the business to achieve positive cash flow utilizing existing assets. We have maintained relatively unchanged operating expenses through cost containment efforts over the past several fiscal years and although we generated positive operating cash flow for fiscal 2005 and 2004, there is no assurance that we can continue to do so. We are committed to the successful execution of our operating plan and we will take continued actions as necessary to ensure our cash resources are sufficient to fund our working capital requirements at least through fiscal 2006.
Our long-term liquidity and capital requirements will depend on numerous factors including our future revenues and expenses, growth or contraction of operations and general economic pressures. We may not be able to maintain our current market share, or continue to expand our business, without investing in our operations, technology, or product and service offerings. In order to do so, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private financings or other sources to fund our operations. However, our common stock is not listed on an exchange or the NASDAQ National Market, and until it is listed it will be difficult for us to make sales of our equity stock. In addition, the terms of our preferred stock may prevent us from issuing additional shares of preferred stock on terms that investors would require in order to invest in our preferred
25
Table of Contents
stock. The necessity of raising additional funds could require us to incur debt on terms that could restrict our ability to make capital expenditures and incur additional indebtedness. As a result, we may not be able to obtain additional funds on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. In addition, beginning in June 2007, the holders of our preferred stock can force us to redeem the shares of our preferred stock, and if we were required to redeem all of the shares of preferred stock currently outstanding, this would entail a cash outlay of approximately $7.5 million.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
SFAS 123R
On December 16, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB issued Statement of Accounting Standards No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment”, or SFAS 123R, which is a revision of Statement of Accounting Standards No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”. SFAS 123R supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”, and amends Statement of Accounting Standards No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows”. SFAS 123R requires all companies to measure compensation expense for all share-based payments (including employee stock options and options issued pursuant to employee stock purchase plans) based upon the fair value of the stock-based awards at the date of grant. SFAS 123R is effective for all public companies for annual periods beginning after June 15, 2005. Retroactive application of the requirements of FASB Statement No. 123 to the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the effective date is permitted, but not required. Early adoption of SFAS 123R is encouraged. A component of SFAS 123R includes one of the following options for public companies: (a) modified-prospective method, (b) the modified-retrospective method, restating all prior periods. A determination as to which of the two options we will adopt will be made at a later date. As permitted by SFAS 123, we currently account for share-based payments to employees using APB 25’s intrinsic value method and, as such, generally recognize no compensation cost for employee stock options. Accordingly, the adoption of SFAS 123R’s fair value method will have a significant impact on our results of operations, although it will have no impact on our overall financial position. The impact of adoption of Statement 123R cannot be predicted at this time because it will depend on levels of share-based payments granted in the future.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS
Our exposure to market risk has not changed materially from our exposure at March 31, 2005.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Subject to the limitations described below, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, Shawn O’Connor evaluated the effectiveness of Pharsight’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report have been designed and are functioning effectively to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by Pharsight in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is properly recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2005 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We are making enhancements to our systems and processes for customer purchase order entry and fulfillment of customer order processing.
We are in the process of reviewing and analyzing our system of internal controls as we prepare for our first management report on internal controls over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which we currently expect to adopt in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2007. In this process we have identified areas of our internal controls requiring improvement, and are in the process of designing and documenting enhanced processes and controls to address these matters. Areas for improvement include customer purchase order entry and fulfillment of customer order processing, and we are also expecting to implement improved financial information systems during the first half of fiscal year 2006.
26
Table of Contents
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will necessarily prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Any control system will reflect inevitable limitations, such as resource constraints, a cost-benefit analysis based on the level of benefit of additional controls relative to their costs, assumptions about the likelihood of future events and human error. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met and, as set forth above, our Chief Executive Officer have concluded, based on their evaluation as of December 31, 2005, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of our disclosure controls and procedures were met.
We are subject from time to time to legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, we do not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We operate in a rapidly changing economic and technological environment that presents numerous risks. Many of these risks are beyond our control and are driven by factors that we cannot predict. The following discussion, as well as our discussion above of critical accounting policies and estimates, highlights some of these risks. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information in this report before deciding whether to invest in shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially adversely affected. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, and you may lose part or all of your investment.
Items That Affect Our Future Operations
We have had a history of losses, have only recently achieved profitability, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenues to sustain profitability.
We commenced our operations in April 1995 and incurred net losses for every fiscal year until attaining profitability in fiscal 2005. We achieved profitability in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004 and have maintained profitability through the third quarter of fiscal 2006. As of December 31, 2005, we had an accumulated deficit of $76.2 million. We may incur losses again as we continue to develop our business. Our ability to sustain profitability is based on a number of assumptions, including some outside of our control, including the state of the overall economy and the demand for our products, and if these assumptions do not prove to be accurate then we may not be able to generate sufficient revenues to sustain profitability. Furthermore, even if we do sustain profitability and positive operating cash flow, we may not be able to increase profitability or positive operating cash flow on a quarterly or annual basis. If our profitability does not meet the expectations of investors, the price of our common stock may decline.
We have a limited amount of capital resources and we may not be able to sustain or grow our business if we cannot sustain profitability or raise additional funds on a timely basis.
We believe we have adequate cash to sustain operations through the next 12 months, and we are managing the business to achieve positive cash flow utilizing existing assets. However, even if we sustain profitability, we may not be able to generate sufficient profits to grow our business. As a result, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private financings or other sources to fund our operations. We may not be able to obtain additional funds on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities, these equity securities might have rights, preferences or privileges senior to our common stock and preferred stock. In addition, the necessity of raising additional funds could force us to incur debt on terms that could restrict our ability to make capital expenditures and incur additional indebtedness.
The terms of our credit facilities contain covenants that limit our flexibility and prevent us from taking certain actions.
The terms governing our credit facilities with Silicon Valley Bank include a number of significant restrictive covenants. These covenants could adversely affect us by limiting our ability to plan for or react to market conditions, meet our capital needs and execute our business strategy. These covenants will, among other things, limit our ability to:
• | incur additional debt; |
27
Table of Contents
• | make certain investments; |
• | create liens; or |
• | sell certain assets. |
These covenants may significantly limit our operating and financial flexibility and limit our ability to respond to changes in our business or competitive activities. Our failure to comply with these covenants could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in our being required to repay these borrowings before their scheduled due date. In addition, Silicon Valley Bank could foreclose on our assets.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and may not be predictive of future financial results.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate in the future, and may vary from investors’ expectations, depending on a number of factors, including:
• | Variances in demand for our products and services and the relative mix of such demand; |
• | Timing of the introduction of new products or services and enhancements of existing products or services; |
• | Our ability to complete fixed-price service contracts without committing additional unplanned resources; |
• | Unanticipated changes in the capacity of our services organization; |
• | Delays or deferrals of customer implementations of our software products; |
• | Delays or deferrals of client drug development processes; |
• | The tendency of some of our customers to wait until the end of a fiscal quarter or fiscal year in the hope of obtaining more favorable terms; |
• | Changes in industry conditions affecting our customers, including industry consolidation; and |
• | Our ability to realize operating efficiencies through restructuring or other actions. |
As a result, quarterly comparisons may not indicate reliable trends of future performance.
We manage our expense levels in part based upon our expectations concerning future revenue, and these expense levels are relatively fixed in the short term. If we have lower revenue than expected, we may not be able to reduce our spending in the short term in response. Any shortfall in revenue would have a direct impact on our results of operations.
In the past we have taken actions intended to reduce our expenses on an annualized basis. Our cost reduction measures have left us with less excess capacity to deliver our products and services. If there is a significant increase in demand from what we estimate, it will take us longer to address this demand, which would limit our ability to grow our business and sustain profitability.
We may be required to defer recognition of software license revenue for a significant period of time after entering into an agreement, which could negatively impact our results of operations.
We may have to delay recognizing license revenue for a significant period of time for a variety of types of transactions, including:
• | Transactions that include both currently deliverable software products and software products that are under development or contain other currently undeliverable elements; |
• | Transactions where the customer demands services that include significant modifications, customizations or complex interfaces that could delay product delivery or acceptance; |
• | Transactions that involve non-standard acceptance criteria or identified product-related performance issues; and |
• | Transactions that include contingency-based payment terms or fees. |
28
Table of Contents
These factors and other specific accounting requirements for software revenue recognition require that we have very precise terms in our license agreements to allow us to recognize revenue when we initially deliver software or perform services. Although we have a standard form of license agreement that we believe meets the criteria for current revenue recognition on delivered elements, we negotiate and revise these terms and conditions in some transactions. Therefore, it is possible that from time to time we may license our software or provide service with terms and conditions that do not permit revenue recognition at the time of delivery or even as work on the project is completed. In the three months ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, software license revenue accounted for 56% and 55% of our total revenues, respectively. In the nine months ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, software license revenue accounted for 47% and 48% of our total revenues, respectively. The majority of our large PKS software transactions include services pertaining to modification and customization of the core PKS software product, which may result in delayed revenue recognition for a significant period of time.
An increase in service revenue as a percentage of total revenues, or a decrease in software license revenue as a percentage of total revenues, may decrease our overall margins.
We realize lower margins on services than on license revenues. In addition, we may contract with certain third parties to supplement the services we provide to customers, which generally yields lower gross margins than our deployment organization or internal scientific staff. As a result, if service revenue increases as a percentage of total revenue or if we increase our use of third parties to provide such services, our gross margins would be lower and our operating results may be adversely affected.
Because our sales and implementation cycles are long and unpredictable, our revenues are difficult to predict and may not meet our expectations or those of our investors.
The lengths of our sales and implementation cycles are difficult to predict and depend on a number of factors, including the type of product or services being provided, the nature and size of the potential customer and the extent of the commitment being made by the potential customer. Our sales cycle is unpredictable and may take six months or more. Our implementation cycle is also difficult to predict and can be longer than one year. Each of these can result in delayed revenues, increased selling expenses and difficulty in matching revenues with expenses, which may contribute to fluctuations in our results of operations. A key element of our strategy is to market our product and service offerings to large organizations. These organizations can have particularly lengthy decision-making processes and may require evaluation periods, which could extend the sales and implementation cycle. Moreover, we often must provide a significant level of education to our prospective customers regarding the use and benefit of our product and service offerings, which may cause additional delays during the evaluation and acceptance process. We therefore have difficulty forecasting the timing and recognition of revenues from sales of our product and service offerings.
Our revenue is concentrated in a few customers, and if we lose any of these customers our revenue may decrease substantially.
We receive a substantial majority of our revenue from a limited number of customers. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005, sales to our top two customers accounted for 33% and 35% of total revenue, respectively, and sales to our top five customers in the same periods accounted for 57% and 49% of total revenue, respectively. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2004, sales to our top two customers accounted for 51% and 47% of total revenue, respectively, and sales to our top five customers in the same periods accounted for 72% and 63% of total revenue, respectively. For fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003 sales to our top two customers accounted for 45%, 28% and 28% of total revenue, respectively, and sales to our top five customers in the same periods accounted for 62%, 50% and 50% of total revenue, respectively. We expect that a significant portion of our revenue will continue to depend on sales to a small number of customers. If we do not generate as much revenue from these major customers as we expect to, or if revenue from such customers is delayed, or if we lose any of them as customers, our total revenue may be significantly reduced.
We may need to change our pricing models to compete successfully.
The markets in which we compete can put pressure on us to reduce our prices. If our competitors offer deep discounts on certain products in an effort to recapture or gain market share, we may then need to lower prices or offer other favorable terms in order to compete successfully. Any such changes would be likely to reduce margins and could adversely affect operating results. We have periodically changed our pricing model and any broadly based changes to our prices and pricing policies could cause service and license revenues to decline or be delayed as our sales force implements and our customers adjust to the new pricing policies. If we do not adapt our pricing models to reflect changes in customer use of our products, our revenues could decrease.
29
Table of Contents
If we are unable to generate additional sales from existing customers and/or generate sales to new customers, we may not be able to realize sufficient revenues to sustain or increase our profitability.
Our success depends on our ability to develop our existing customer relationships and establish relationships with additional pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. If we lose any significant relationships with existing customers or fail to establish additional relationships, we may not be able to execute our business plan and our business will suffer. Developing customer relationships with pharmaceutical companies can be difficult for a number of reasons. These companies are often very large organizations with complex decision-making processes that are difficult to affect. In addition, because our products and services relate to the core technologies of these companies, these organizations are generally cautious about working with outside companies. Some potential customers may also resist working with us until our products and services have achieved more widespread market acceptance. Our existing customers could also reassess their commitment to us, not renew existing agreements or choose not to expand the scope of their relationship with us.
Our revenues and results of operations would be adversely affected if a customer cancels a contract for services or software deployment with us.
Many of our services agreements can be canceled upon prior notice by our customers. Additionally, due to the nature of our services and deployment engagements, customers sometimes delay projects because of timing of the clinical trials and the need for data and information that prevent us from proceeding with our projects. These delays and contract cancellations cannot be predicted with accuracy and we cannot assure you that we will be able to replace any delayed or canceled contracts with the customer or other customers. If we are unable to replace those contracts, our revenues and results of operations would be adversely affected.
We may lose existing customers or be unable to attract new customers if we do not develop new products and services or if our offerings do not keep pace with technological changes.
The successful growth of our business depends on our ability to develop new products and services and incorporate new capabilities, including the expansion of our product and services offerings to address a broader set of customer needs related to clinical development of drugs and thereby expand the number of our prospective users, on a timely basis. If we cannot adapt to changing technologies, emerging and evolving industry standards, new scientific developments and increasingly sophisticated customer needs, we may not achieve revenue growth and our products and services may become obsolete, and our business could suffer. We have suffered product delays in the past, resulting in lost product revenues. In addition, early releases of software often contain errors or defects. We cannot assure you that, despite our extensive testing, errors will not be found in our products before or after commercial release, which could result in product redevelopment costs and loss of, or delay in, market acceptance. Furthermore, a failure by us to introduce new products or services on schedule could harm our business prospects. Any delay or problems in the installation or implementation of new products or services may cause customers to forego purchases from us. We may need to accelerate product introductions and shorten product life cycles, which will require high levels of expenditures of research and development that could adversely affect our operating results. A failure by us to introduce new services on a timely and cost-effective basis to meet evolving customer requirements, or to integrate new services with existing services, could harm our business prospects.
If the security or confidentiality of our customers’ data is compromised or breached, we could be liable for damages and our reputation could be harmed.
As part of implementing our products and services, we inherently gain access to certain highly confidential proprietary customer information. It is critical that our facilities and infrastructure remain secure and are perceived by the marketplace to be secure. Despite our implementation of a number of security measures, our infrastructure may be vulnerable to physical break-ins, computer viruses, programming errors, attacks by third parties or similar disruptive problems. We do not have insurance to cover us for losses incurred in many of these events. If we fail to meet our customers’ security expectations, we could be liable for damages and our reputation could suffer.
If we are unable to complete a project due to scientific limitations or otherwise meet our customers’ expectations, our reputation may be adversely affected and we may not be able to generate new business.
Because our projects may contain scientific risks, which are difficult to foresee, we cannot guarantee that we will always be able to complete them. Any failure to meet our customers’ expectations could harm our reputation and ability to generate new business. On a few occasions, we have encountered scientific limitations and been unable to complete a project. In each of these cases, we have been able to successfully renegotiate the terms of the project with the particular customer. We cannot assure you that we will be able to renegotiate our customer agreements if such circumstances occur in the future. Moreover, even if we complete a project, we may not meet our customers’ expectations regarding the quality of our products and services or the timeliness of our services.
30
Table of Contents
Our future success depends on our ability to continue to retain and attract qualified employees.
We believe that our future success depends upon our ability to continue to train, retain, effectively manage and attract highly skilled technical, scientific, managerial, sales and marketing personnel. We currently have limited personnel and other resources to staff and complete consulting and software deployment projects. In addition, as we grow our business, we expect an increase in the number of complex projects and large deployments of our products and services, which require a significant amount of personnel for extended periods of time. In particular, there is a limited supply of modeling and simulation personnel worldwide, and competition for these personnel from numerous companies and academic institutions may limit our ability to hire these persons on commercially reasonable terms. From time to time, we experience difficulties in locating enough highly qualified candidates in desired geographic locations, or with required scientific or industry-specific expertise. Staffing projects and deploying our products and services will become more difficult as our operations and customers become more geographically diverse. If we are not able to adequately staff and complete our projects, we may lose customers and our reputation may be harmed. Any difficulties we may have in completing customer projects may impair our ability to grow our business.
If we lose key members of our management, scientific or development staff, or our scientific advisors, our reputation may be harmed and we may lose business.
We are highly dependent on the principal members of our management, scientific and development staff. Our reputation is also based in part on our association with key scientific advisors. The loss of any of these personnel might adversely impact our reputation in the market and harm our business. Failure to attract and retain key management, scientific and technical personnel could prevent us from achieving our strategy and developing our products and services. In addition, our management team has experienced significant personnel changes over the past years and may continue to experience changes in the future. If our management team continues to experience attrition, high turnover, or does not work effectively together, it could harm our business. Additionally, we do not currently hold key-man life insurance policies on our CEO, CFO or other key contributors. The demise or loss of any of these individuals could adversely impact our business.
Our business depends on our intellectual property rights, and if we are unable to adequately protect them, our competitive position will suffer.
Our intellectual property is important to our competitive position. We protect our proprietary information and technology through a combination of patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright law, confidentiality agreements and technical measures. We have filed nine patent applications, of which two patents have issued. We cannot assure you that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our proprietary information and technology, nor can we guarantee that we will be successful in obtaining any patents or that the rights granted under such patents will provide a competitive advantage. Misappropriation of our intellectual property could harm our competitive position. We may also need to engage in litigation in the future to enforce or protect our intellectual property rights or to defend against claims of invalidity, and we may incur substantial costs as a result. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries provide less protection of intellectual property rights than the laws of the United States and Europe. As a result, we may have an increasingly difficult time adequately protecting our intellectual property rights as our sales in foreign countries grow.
If we become subject to infringement claims by third parties, we could incur unanticipated expense and be prevented from providing our products and services.
We cannot assure you that infringement claims by third parties will not be asserted against us or, if asserted, will be unsuccessful. These claims, whether or not meritorious, could be expensive and divert management resources from operating our company. Furthermore, a party making a claim against us could secure a judgment awarding substantial damages, as well as injunctive or other equitable relief that could block our ability to provide products or services, unless we obtain a license to such technology. In addition, we cannot assure you that licenses for any intellectual property of third parties that might be required for our products or services will be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
International sales of our product account for a significant portion of our revenue, which exposes us to risks inherent in international operations.
We market and sell our products and services in the United States and internationally. International sales of our products and services as a percentage of our total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2005 and fiscal 2005, 2004, and 2003 were approximately 27%, 23%, 22%, 29% and 23%, respectively. We have a total of 10 employees based outside the United States, who deploy our software, perform consulting services and perform research in Europe and Australia. We cannot be certain that we have fully complied with all rules and regulations in every applicable jurisdiction outside of the United States with respect to our current and previous operations outside of the United States. The failure to comply with such rules and regulations could result in penalties, monetary or otherwise, against us. Our existing marketing efforts into international markets may require significant management attention and financial resources. We cannot be certain
31
Table of Contents
that our existing international operations will produce desired levels of revenue. We currently have limited experience in developing localized versions of our products and services and marketing and distributing our products internationally. Our international operations also expose us to the following general risks associated with international operations:
• | Disruptions to commercial activities or damage to our facilities as a result of political unrest, war, terrorism, labor strikes and work stoppages; |
• | Difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations; |
• | The impact of recessions or inflation in economies outside the United States; |
• | Greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection and longer collection periods; |
• | Reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; |
• | Potential adverse tax consequences, including higher tax rates generally in Europe; |
• | Tariffs, duties, price controls or other restrictions on foreign currencies or trade barriers imposed by foreign countries; |
• | Unexpected changes in regulatory requirements of foreign countries, especially those with respect to software, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies; and |
• | Fluctuations in the value of currencies. |
To the extent that such disruptions and costs interfere with our commercial activities, our results of operations could be harmed.
Changes in government regulation could decrease the need for the products and services we provide.
Governmental agencies throughout the world, but particularly in the United States, highly regulate the drug development and approval process. A large part of our software and services business involves helping pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies through the regulatory drug approval process. Any relaxation in regulatory approval standards could eliminate or substantially reduce the need for our services, and, as a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Potential regulatory changes under consideration in the United States and elsewhere include mandatory substitution of generic drugs for patented drugs, relaxation in the scope of regulatory requirements or the introduction of simplified drug approval procedures. These and other changes in regulation could have an impact on the business opportunities available to us.
While we believe we currently have adequate internal control over financial reporting, we are required to evaluate our internal control under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and any adverse results from such evaluation could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and have an adverse effect on our stock price.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2008, we will be required to furnish a report by our management on our internal control over financial reporting. Such report will contain, among other matters, an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of our fiscal year, including a statement as to whether or not our internal control over financial reporting is effective. This assessment must include disclosure of any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting identified by management. Such report must also contain a statement that our independent registered public accounting firm have issued an attestation report on management’s assessment of such internal control. PCAOB Auditing Standard No. 2 provides the professional standards and related performance guidance for independent registered public accounting firms to attest to, and report on, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting under Section 404.
While we currently believe our internal control over financial reporting is effective, we are in the process of system and process documentation and evaluation needed to comply with Section 404, which is both costly and challenging. During this process, if our management identifies one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, and those weaknesses are not appropriately remediated prior to March 31, 2008, we will be unable to assert such internal control is effective. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as of March 31, 2008 (or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to attest that our management’s report is fairly stated or they are unable to express an opinion on our management’s evaluation or on the effectiveness of the internal control), we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which would have an adverse effect on our stock price, and our business and operating results could be harmed.
32
Table of Contents
Risks Related To Our Industry
Our market may not develop as quickly as expected, and companies may enter our market, thereby increasing the amount of competition and impairing our business prospects.
We currently provide assistance to our customers in achieving compliance with these regulations. The regulatory agencies could enact new regulations or amend existing regulations with regard to these or other products that could restrict the use of our products or the business of our customers, which could harm our business.
Consolidation in the pharmaceutical industry could cause disruptions of our customer relationships, interfere with our ability to enter into new customer relationships and have a negative impact on our revenues.
In recent years, the worldwide pharmaceutical industry has undergone substantial consolidation. If any of our customers consolidate with another business, they may delay or cancel projects, lay off personnel or reduce spending, any of which could cause our revenues to decrease. In addition, our ability to complete sales or implementation cycles may be impaired as these organizations undergo internal restructuring.
Reductions in the IT and/or research and development budgets of our customers may affect our sales.
Our customers include researchers at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions and government and private laboratories. Fluctuations in the IT and research and development budgets of these researchers and their organizations could have a significant effect on the demand for our products. Research and development and IT budgets fluctuate due to changes in available resources, spending priorities, internal budgetary policies and the availability of grants from government agencies. Our business could be harmed by any significant decrease in research and development or IT expenditures by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions or government and private laboratories.
Recent or continued withdrawals of drugs from the public market could affect pharmaceutical spending, reduce the demand for our products and have a negative impact on our revenues.
Recently, the pharmaceutical industry has experienced, and may continue to experience, forced withdrawal of certain drugs from the public market due to safety risks. Recent or future drug withdrawals could affect our ability to market and sell our products and services to companies faced with withdrawals. For example, withdrawals of drugs from the public market by our customers or potential customers may result in the reduction of current levels of spending on software solutions and strategic consulting services by these companies to minimize the impact of a potential decline in revenues. In addition, we may provide products or services to customers with drugs in the same class as the drugs withdrawn from the market. If the demand for drugs within the class of drugs faced with recent withdrawals decreases, we may experience a decrease in demand for our products or services in that class of drugs. A decrease in demand for our products, or a decrease in IT or research and development spending by pharmaceutical companies, could prevent us from increasing or sustaining our software and strategic consulting revenues and adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Stock
Our common stock only trades on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board system, and has experienced reduced trading volumes and stock price since it began to be traded there.
On November 8, 2002 our stock was removed from trading on the NASDAQ National Market as a result of failure to meet the continuing listing requirements, and our common stock is now quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board system. Our common stock does not experience large trading volumes. In addition, our delisting from the NASDAQ National Market has caused the loss of our exemption from the provisions of Section 2115 of the California Corporations Code that imposes particular aspects of California corporate law on certain non-California corporations operating within California. As a result, (i) our Board of Directors is no longer classified and our stockholders elect all of our directors at each annual meeting, (ii) our stockholders are entitled to cumulative voting, and (iii) we are subject to more stringent stockholder approval requirements and more stockholder-favorable dissenters’ rights in connection with certain strategic transactions. Some of these changes may impact any possible transaction involving a change of control of Pharsight, which could negatively impact your investment. Other consequences include a reduction in analyst coverage, a lower share price as a result of lower trading volumes, and the loss of certain state securities law exemptions available to us while our securities were traded on the NASDAQ National Market, which may impact our ability to provide for future issuances of our securities, among other consequences.
33
Table of Contents
Should we decide to relist our common stock on the NASDAQ National Market, the criteria for relistment may be difficult for us to achieve.
The market price of our common stock has been lower than the required minimum bid price for relistment on NASDAQ, and the reduced trading volumes that we currently experience may prevent our stock from reaching the required minimum bid price for NASDAQ relistment. Additionally, our current stockholder’s deficit balance and our history of net losses may make it difficult for us to relist on NASDAQ at any point in the near future, if at all. We may be required to restructure our capital or debt structure, including our redeemable convertible preferred stock, in order to relist on NASDAQ. There is no guarantee that we would be able to effect such restructuring under terms as favorable as our current equity and debt, if at all.
The public market for our common stock may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock has been, and we expect it to continue to be, highly volatile and to fluctuate significantly in response to various factors, including:
• | Actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results or those of our competitors; |
• | Announcements of technological innovations or new services or products by us or our competitors; |
• | Timeliness of our introductions of new products; |
• | Changes in financial estimates by securities analysts; |
• | Changes in management; and |
• | Changes in the conditions and trends in the pharmaceutical market. |
For instance, during fiscal 2005 and 2006, the price of our common stock closed as low as $0.75 and as high as $2.32 per share. We have experienced very low trading volume in our stock, and thus small purchases and sales can have a significant effect on our stock price. In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations, particularly in the past year, that have affected the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to operating performance. These broad market factors may materially affect the trading price of our common stock. General economic, political and market conditions, such as recessions and interest rate fluctuations, may also have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
Insiders continue to hold a majority of our stock, which may negatively affect your investment.
Entities affiliated with two of our directors beneficially own or control a majority of the outstanding common stock, calculated on an as-if-converted basis, as of December 31, 2005. If these parties choose to act or vote together, they will have the power to control all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of significant corporate transactions. This ability may have the effect of delaying or otherwise influencing a possible change in control transaction, which may or may not be favored by our other stockholders. In addition, without the consent of these parties, we would likely be prevented from entering into transactions that could result in our stockholders receiving a premium for their stock.
Our preferred stockholders may elect to receive their dividend payments in the form of shares instead of cash, which may negatively impact our profitability.
Our preferred stockholders have elected in the past, and may continue to elect, to receive their quarterly dividend payments in the form of Series B Preferred shares instead of cash. We record the value of these dividend payments in the form of shares at fair market value as of the dividend payment date on our statement of operations. The fair market value is defined as the amount at which the capital stock would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller, each having reasonable knowledge of all relevant facts, neither being under any compulsion to act, with equity to both. Because there is no market for such Series B Preferred shares, we perform a valuation of the fair market value of these shares. This valuation is impacted by numerous factors, including but not limited to our operations, financial conditions, future prospects and projected operations and performance of the company, as well as historical market prices and trading volume for our publicly traded securities. As such, the valuation of these dividend payments may fluctuate widely, may be greater or lesser than the stated value of the Series B Preferred shares, and may impact our ability to sustain or increase our profitability. We are unable to project with any accuracy the impact of fair market value of the Series B Preferred shares on our statement of operations.
34
Table of Contents
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
On December 1, 2005, we issued as a dividend 18,142 unregistered shares of our Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock to four of our Series A redeemable convertible preferred stockholders.
The holders of our Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock are entitled to receive an annual dividend at the rate of 8% of the original issue price of $4.008 on each outstanding share of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, which is payable quarterly in cash or shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at the election of the holder.
We believe this transaction was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance on Section 4(2) thereof or Regulation D promulgated thereunder, as a transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering.
Each share of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock is convertible into four shares of our common stock at the election of the holder or upon the occurrence of certain other events described in our certificate of designations of Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None
See Item 2 above.
We have filed, or incorporated into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q by reference, the exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
35
Table of Contents
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: February 13th, 2006
PHARSIGHT CORPORATION | ||
By: | /S/ SHAWN M. O’CONNOR | |
Shawn M. O’Connor President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officer) |
36
Table of Contents
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit | Description Of Document | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
37