FedNat Holding (FNHCQ) 10-Q 2017 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED September 30, 2017

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ___________________TO _______________________

Commission File number 000-25001

FederatedNationalHoldingCompany

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida	65-0248866
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(IRS Employer Identification Number)
14050 N.W. 14th Street, Suite 180, Sunrise, FL	33323
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

800-293-2532

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has electronically submitted and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,”  and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒	Non‑accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.       ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes ☐   No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of November 6, 2017, the registrant had 13,053,281 shares of common stock outstanding.

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION		PAGE
ITEM 1	Financial Statements	3
ITEM 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
ITEM 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	42
ITEM 4	Controls and Procedures	42
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1	Legal Proceedings	44
ITEM 1A	Risk Factors	44
ITEM 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
ITEM 3	Defaults upon Senior Securities	44
ITEM 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	45
ITEM 5	Other Information	45
ITEM 6	Exhibits	46
SIGNATURES		47

- 2 -

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
ASSETS
Investments:
Debt securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $419,243 and
$376,644, respectively)	$	422,359	$	374,756
Debt securities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost		5,410		5,551
Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (cost of $14,531 and $24,163, respectively)		15,575		29,375
Total investments (including $29,878 and $28,704 related to the VIE, respectively)		443,344		409,682
Cash and cash equivalents (including $13,952 and $15,668 related to the VIE, respectively)		81,535		74,593
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		189,957		156,932
Premiums receivable, net of allowance of $93 and $55, respectively
(including $926 and $1,584 related to the VIE, respectively)		55,145		54,854
Reinsurance recoverable, net		338,015		48,530
Deferred acquisition costs		38,958		37,477
Income taxes receivable		20,707		13,871
Property and equipment, net		4,202		4,194
Other assets (including $2,699 and $635 related to the VIE, respectively)		9,607		11,509
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,181,470	$	811,642
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES:
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	$	461,541	$	158,476
Unearned premiums		312,227		294,022
Reinsurance payable		126,479		79,154
Debt from consolidated variable interest entity		4,925		4,909
Deferred income taxes, net		8,769		1,433
Other liabilities		38,766		35,792
Total liabilities		952,707		573,786
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 25,000,000 shares authorized;
13,053,281 and 13,473,120 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		130		134
Additional paid-in capital		139,161		136,779
Accumulated other comprehensive income		2,713		1,941
Retained earnings		70,265		80,275
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to     Federated National Holding Company shareholders		212,269		219,129
Noncontrolling interest		16,494		18,727
Total shareholders’ equity		228,763		237,856
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	1,181,470	$	811,642

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

- 3 -

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Revenue:
Net premiums earned	$	78,663	$	69,405	$	240,315	$	184,447
Net investment income		2,603		2,164		7,481		6,398
Net realized investment gains		6,101		1,126		8,644		2,060
Direct written policy fees		3,651		4,318		13,222		13,445
Other income		4,874		4,493		14,511		13,321
Total revenue		95,892		81,506		284,173		219,671
Costs and expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		72,935		45,973		181,657		126,216
Commissions and other underwriting expenses		29,242		29,868		86,578		61,232
General and administrative expenses		5,042		4,044		14,737		13,211
Interest expense		81		81		247		259
Total costs and expenses		107,300		79,966		283,219		200,918
(Loss) income before income taxes		(11,408)		1,540		954		18,753
Income taxes		(4,223)		102		350		6,594
Net (loss) income		(7,185)		1,438		604		12,159
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest		(1,674)		44		(1,975)		239
Net (loss) income attributable to Federated National
Holding Company shareholders	$	(5,511)	$	1,394	$	2,579	$	11,920
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Federated National
Holding Company shareholders:
Basic	$	(0.42)	$	0.10	$	0.20	$	0.86
Diluted	$	(0.42)	$	0.10	$	0.19	$	0.85
Weighted average number of shares of common stock
outstanding:
Basic		13,135		13,780		13,211		13,807
Diluted		13,135		13,943		13,302		13,999
Dividends declared per share of common stock	$	0.08	$	0.08	$	0.24	$	0.17

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

- 4 -

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net (loss) income	$	(7,185)	$	1,438	$	604	$	12,159
Change in net unrealized gains on investments,
available-for-sale		(4,088)		(774)		836		8,316
Comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes		(11,273)		664		1,440		20,475
Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other
comprehensive income		1,643		152		(322)		(3,197)
Comprehensive income (loss)		(9,630)		816		1,118		17,278
Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to
noncontrolling interest		(1,674)		44		(2,233)		543
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Federated National
Holding Company shareholders	$	(7,956)	$	772	$	3,351	$	16,735

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

- 5 -

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

												Total Shareholders'
								Accumulated				Equity Attributable to
			Common Stock			Additional		Other				Federated National				Total
	Preferred		Issued			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Retained		Holding Company		Noncontrolling		Shareholders'
	Stock		Shares	Amount		Capital		Income		Earnings		Shareholders		Interest		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	—	13,473,120	$	134	$	136,779	$	1,941	$	80,275	$	219,129	$	18,727	$	237,856
Net income (loss)		—	—		—		—		—		2,579		2,579		(1,975)		604
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—	—		—		—		772		—		772		(258)		514
Dividends declared		—	—		—		—		—		(3,189)		(3,189)		—		(3,189)
Shares issued under share-
based compensation plans		—	159,014		—		103		—		—		103		—		103
Repurchases of common stock		—	(578,853)		(4)		—		—		(9,400)		(9,404)		—		(9,404)
Share-based compensation		—	—		—		2,279		—		—		2,279		—		2,279
Balance as of September 30, 2017	$	—	13,053,281	$	130	$	139,161	$	2,713	$	70,265	$	212,269	$	16,494	$	228,763

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

- 6 -

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income	$	604	$	12,159
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net realized investment gains		(8,644)		(2,060)
Amortization of investment premium or discount, net		3,065		3,910
Depreciation and amortization		312		620
Share-based compensation		2,279		4,001
Tax impact related to share-based compensation		(150)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		(33,025)		(29,125)
Premiums receivable, net		(291)		(25,011)
Reinsurance recoverable, net		(289,485)		(12,437)
Deferred acquisition costs		(1,481)		(25,699)
Income taxes receivable, net		(6,836)		(14,858)
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves		303,065		30,146
Unearned premiums		18,205		55,323
Reinsurance payable		47,325		91,133
Deferred income taxes, net of other comprehensive income		2,436		5,491
Other, net		4,871		5,676
Net cash provided by operating activities		42,250		99,269
Cash flow used in investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of equity securities		57,016		14,322
Proceeds from sales of debt securities		195,090		129,483
Purchases of equity securities		(34,339)		(14,036)
Purchases of debt securities		(268,999)		(174,540)
Maturities and redemptions of debt securities		28,718		8,079
Purchases of property and equipment		(304)		(1,573)
Net cash used in investing activities		(22,818)		(38,265)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Tax impact related to share-based compensation		—		843
Purchases of FNHC common stock		(9,404)		(5,482)
Issuance of common stock for share-based awards		103		360
Dividends paid		(3,189)		(3,563)
Net cash used in financing activities		(12,490)		(7,842)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		6,942		53,162
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		74,593		53,038
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	81,535	$	106,200

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

- 7 -

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 (Unaudited)

(Continued)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash (received) paid during the period for:
Income taxes	$	(414)	$	14,360
Non-cash investing and finance activities:
Accrued dividends payable	$	1,065	$	1,134

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

- 8 -

1. ORGANIZATION, CONSOLIDATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization

Federated National Holding Company, (“FNHC,” the “Company,” “we,” or “us”), is an insurance holding company that controls substantially all steps in the insurance underwriting, distribution and claims processes through our subsidiaries and our contractual relationships with our independent agents and general agents. We are authorized to underwrite, and/or place through our wholly owned subsidiaries, homeowners’ multi-peril (“homeowners’”), personal automobile, commercial general liability, federal flood, and other lines of insurance in Florida and other states. We market, distribute and service our own and third-party insurers’ products and our other services through a network of independent agents.

Our wholly owned insurance subsidiary is Federated National Insurance Company (“FNIC”), which is licensed as an admitted carrier in Florida, Texas, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and South Carolina. We also serve as managing general agent for Monarch National Insurance Company (“MNIC”), which was founded in 2015 through the joint venture, described below, and is licensed as an admitted carrier in Florida. An admitted carrier is an insurance company that has received a license from the state department of insurance giving the Company the authority to write specific lines of insurance in that state. These companies are also bound by rate and form regulations, and are strictly regulated to protect policyholders from a variety of illegal and unethical practices, including fraud. Admitted carriers are also required to financially contribute to the state guarantee fund, which is used to pay for losses if an insurance carrier becomes insolvent or unable to pay the losses due to their policyholders.

On March 19, 2015, the Company entered into a joint venture to organize MNIC, which received its certificate of authority to write homeowners’ property and casualty insurance in Florida from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (the “Florida OIR”). The Company’s joint venture partners are a majority-owned limited partnership of Crosswinds Holdings Inc., a publicly traded Canadian private equity firm and asset manager (“Crosswinds”); and Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (“TransRe”).

The Company and Crosswinds each invested $14.0 million in Monarch Delaware Holdings LLC (“Monarch Delaware”), the indirect parent company of MNIC, for a 42.4% interest in Monarch Delaware (each holding 50% of the voting interests in Monarch Delaware).  TransRe invested $5.0 million for a 15.2% non-voting interest in Monarch Delaware and advanced an additional $5.0 million in debt evidenced by a six-year promissory note bearing 6% annual interest payable by Monarch National Holding Company (“MNHC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware and the direct parent company of MNIC.

Partnerships

We entered into an Insurance Agency Master Agreement with Ivantage Select Agency, Inc., (“ISA”), an affiliate of Allstate Insurance Company (“Allstate”), pursuant to which we are authorized by ISA to appoint Allstate agents to offer our homeowners’ and commercial general liability insurance products to consumers in Florida. As a percentage of the total homeowners’ premiums we underwrote in the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016,  25.5% and 24.7%, respectively, were from Allstate’s network of Florida agents. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, 24.5% and 23.9%, respectively, of the homeowners’ premiums we underwrote were from Allstate’s network of Florida agents.

Additionally, we have a managing general underwriting agreement with SageSure Insurance Managers (“SageSure”) to facilitate growth in our FNIC homeowners business outside of Florida.  As a percentage of the total homeowners’ premiums we underwrote in the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016,  10.7% and 7.3%, respectively, were underwritten by SageSure. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, 9.7% and 6.6%, respectively, were underwritten by SageSure.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FNHC and all other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest and any variable interest entities (“VIE”) in which we are the primary beneficiary. All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. A VIE is an entity that does not have sufficient equity to finance its own activities without additional financial support or where investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  We assess our contractual, ownership or other interests in a VIE to determine if our interest participates in the variability the VIE was designed to absorb and pass onto variable interest holders.  We perform an ongoing qualitative assessment of our variable interests in VIEs to determine whether we have a controlling financial interest and would therefore be considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE.  If we determine we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements.

In connection with the investment in Monarch Delaware, we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of this VIE, as we possess the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance.  Accordingly, we consolidate the VIE in our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 12 for additional information on the VIE.

- 9 -

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Additionally, operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for a full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state, in all material respects, our financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Certain GAAP policies, which significantly affect the determination of financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, are summarized below.

This report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “2016 Form 10-K”).

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES

Our significant accounting policies were described in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of the 2016 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in our significant accounting policies for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates.

Similar to other property and casualty insurers, our liability for losses and loss adjustment expense reserves, although supported by actuarial projections and other data, is ultimately based on management’s reasoned expectations of future events. Although considerable variability is inherent in these estimates, we believe that this liability is adequate. Estimates are reviewed regularly and adjusted as necessary. Such adjustments are reflected in current operations. Refer to Note 6 accompanying our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our liability for losses and loss adjustment expense reserves.

Reclassifications

As disclosed in our 2017 second quarter Form 10-Q, during the second quarter of 2017 we re-assessed the income statement classification of ceded commission income and salaries and wages from our claims department.  As a result of this re-assessment, we have adjusted the historical income statement classification of these items as follows:

(a) ceding commission income from Other income to Commissions and other underwriting expenses

(b) salaries and wages from our claims department from Commissions and other underwriting expenses to Loss and loss adjustment expenses

These reclassifications represent corrections of immaterial errors and are not material in any prior quarter or annual period based on quantitative and qualitative factors in accordance with SEC guidance.  Additionally, these reclassified items had no effect on the reported results of operations, financial condition or statements of cash flows.

As a result, these reclassified items impacted the following income statement line items for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016:

· Other income decreased by $2.3 million and $8.1 million, respectively,

· Loss and loss adjustment expenses increased by $2.4 million and $6.0 million, respectively, and

· Commissions and other underwriting expenses decreased by $4.6 million, and $14.2 million, respectively.

The reclassifications above had the following impact on our net loss ratios, net expense ratios and combined ratios for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016:

· Net loss ratio increased by 3.4% and 3.3%, respectively,

· Net expense ratio decreased by 6.7% and 7.7%, respectively, and

· Combined ratio decreased by 3.3% and 4.4%, respectively.

Finally, the reclassifications impacted the following balance sheet line items as of December 31, 2016:

- 10 -

· Deferred policy acquisition costs decreased by $1.5 million,

· Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves increased by $0.4 million, and

· Other liabilities decreased by $1.9 million.

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted these amendments effective January 1, 2017, resulting in $0.2million of discrete income tax deficiencies reflected as a component of the income tax provision on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits be presented within the statement of cash flows as an operating activity rather than as a financing activity. The Company adopted this change on a prospective basis, which resulted in a $0.2 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Further, ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be prospectively excluded from the assumed future proceeds in the calculation of diluted shares, which increased the Company's weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding by 9,334 and 14,102 shares in the third quarter and first nine months of 2017, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. This authoritative guidance replaces all general and most industry specific revenue recognition guidance (excluding insurance) currently prescribed by GAAP. The core principle is that an entity recognizes revenue to reflect the transfer of a promised good or service to customers in an amount that reflects that consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for that good or service. This guidance also provides clarification on when an entity is a principal or an agent in a transaction. The guidance may be applied using one of the two following methods: (1) retrospectively to each prior reporting periods presented, or (2) retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application. In addition, during 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, and ASU 2016-12, all of which clarify certain implementation guidance within ASU 2014-09. We will adopt this accounting standard update effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.  

As part of our implementation process, we have gained an understanding of the new standard and performed an analysis to identify accounting policies that may need to change and additional disclosures that will be required. While we continue to evaluate the impact of the provisions of this accounting standard update, only a portion of our revenues are impacted by this guidance because the guidance does not apply to revenue on contracts accounted for under the financial instruments or insurance contracts standards. As a result, we expect the timing of our revenue recognition for most of our revenue streams to generally remain the same. Our evaluation process includes, but is not limited to, identifying contracts within the scope of the guidance, reviewing and documenting our accounting for these contracts, and identifying and determining the accounting for any related contract costs. We have not yet quantified the impact, if any, to our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments.  Most notably, this new guidance requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. This new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is in the early stages of evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The effect of adopting this guidance will be principally affected by the level of unrealized gains or losses associated with equity investments with readily determinable market values. Such unrealized gains or losses will be recognized upon adoption as a cumulative-effect adjustment with future unrealized gains or losses reflected in the statement of income and comprehensive income. Refer to Note 4 for the current status of such unrealized gains and losses levels that are currently recognized as other comprehensive income.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases(Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). Upon the effective date, ASU 2016-02 will supersede the current lease guidance in Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis. Concurrently, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative periods presented in the financial statements. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative periods presented in the financial

- 11 -

statements. All of our leases are classified as operating leases under current lease accounting guidance. This guidance will require us to add our operating leases to the balance sheet. We do not expect this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements due to the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheets for our operating leases. We expect to elect all of the standard’s available practical expedients on adoption.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”) which significantly changes the measurement of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. ASU 2016-13 will require entities to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount, as currently performed under the other-than-temporary impairment model. Additionally, the standard will require enhanced disclosures for financial assets measured at amortized cost and available-for-sale debt securities to help the financial statement users better understand significant judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are in the early stages of evaluating the effects the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 provides guidance on the following eight specific cash flow classification issues: (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (2) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from equity method  investees; (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. Current GAAP does not include specific guidance on these eight cash flow classification issues. The amendments of this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this ASU effective January 1, 2018. The provisions of this update are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

3. FAIR VALUE

Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs.  Observable inputs are based on market data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information.  All assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:

Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market is defined as a market where transactions for the financial statement occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2 — Quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities and valuations, using models or other valuation techniques that use observable market data.  All significant inputs are observable, or derived from observable information in the marketplace, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the market place.

Level 3 — Instruments that use non-binding broker quotes or model driven valuations that do not have observable market data or those that are estimated based on an ownership interest to which a proportionate share of net assets is attributed.  Currently, the Company has no level 3 investments.

- 12 -

The Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value and the level of the fair value hierarchy of inputs used were as follows:

	September 30, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Debt securities  - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	69,855	$	46,355	$	—	$	116,210
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		1,632		71,367		—		72,999
Corporate		469		218,932		—		219,401
International		—		13,749		—		13,749
		71,956		350,403		—		422,359
Equity securities		15,575		—		—		15,575
Total investments	$	87,531	$	350,403	$	—	$	437,934

	December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Debt securities  - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	36,560	$	25,645	$	—	$	62,205
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		151,183		—		151,183
Corporate		—		149,505		—		149,505
International		—		11,863		—		11,863
		36,560		338,196		—		374,756
Equity securities		28,960		415		—		29,375
Total investments	$	65,520	$	338,611	$	—	$	404,131

The Company’s held-to-maturity debt securities are reported on the consolidated balance sheets at amortized cost and disclosed at fair value in Note 4 herein. The fair values of these securities are classified within Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and consist of United States government obligations and authorities, corporate securities, and international securities. The fair value of the securities classified as Level 1 was $3.9 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The fair value of the securities classified as Level 2 was $1.4 million and $1.6 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

A third party nationally recognized pricing service provides the fair value of securities in Level 2. We review the third party pricing methodologies quarterly and test for significant differences between the market price used to value the security and recent sales activity. A summary of the significant valuation techniques and market inputs for each class of security is as follows:

United States government obligations and authorities: In determining the fair value for U.S. Government securities in Level 1 we use quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. In determining the fair value for U.S. Government securities in Level 2 we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

Obligations of states and political subdivisions: In determining the fair value for state and municipal securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

Corporate and International: In determining the fair value for corporate securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads (for investment grade securities), observations of equity and credit default swap curves (for high-yield corporates), reference data and industry and economic events.

- 13 -

4. INVESTMENTS

Unrealized Gains and Losses

The following table details the difference between amortized cost or cost and estimated fair value, by major investment category, at September 30, 2017 and at December 31, 2016:

	Amortized		Gross		Gross
	Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized
	or Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
September 30, 2017
Debt securities  - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	116,390	$	421	$	601	$	116,210
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		72,372		792		165		72,999
Corporate		216,923		2,897		419		219,401
International		13,558		193		2		13,749
		419,243		4,303		1,187		422,359
Debt securities  - held-to-maturity:
United States government obligations and authorities		4,156		18		91		4,083
Corporate		1,189		28		—		1,217
International		65		1		—		66
		5,410		47		91		5,366
Equity securities		14,531		1,312		268		15,575
Total investments	$	439,184	$	5,662	$	1,546	$	443,300

	Amortized		Gross		Gross
	Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized
	or Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Debt securities  - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	62,881	$	177	$	853	$	62,205
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		152,823		427		2,067		151,183
Corporate		149,053		1,347		895		149,505
International		11,887		95		119		11,863
		376,644		2,046		3,934		374,756
Debt securities  - held-to-maturity:
United States government obligations and authorities		4,163		22		118		4,067
Corporate		1,317		20		2		1,335
International		71		—		—		71
		5,551		42		120		5,473
Equity securities		24,163		5,500		288		29,375
Total investments	$	406,358	$	7,588	$	4,342	$	409,604

- 14 -

Net Realized Gains and Losses

The Company calculates the gain or loss realized on the sale of investments by comparing the sales price (fair value) to the cost or amortized cost of the security sold. Net realized gains and losses on investments are determined in accordance with the specific identification method. The following tables detail the Company’s net realized gains (losses) by major investment category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Gross realized gains:
Debt securities	$	618	$	897	$	1,471	$	2,822
Equity securities		6,527		597		9,776		1,752
Total gross realized gains		7,145		1,494		11,247		4,574
Gross realized losses:
Debt securities		(103)		(20)		(1,293)		(614)
Equity securities		(941)		(348)		(1,310)		(1,900)
Total gross realized losses		(1,044)		(368)		(2,603)		(2,514)
Net realized gains on investments	$	6,101	$	1,126	$	8,644	$	2,060

Contractual Maturity

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities as of September 30, 2017 by contractual maturity are shown below.  Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	September 30, 2017
	Amortized
	Cost		Fair Value
Securities with maturity dates:	(in thousands)
Debt securities, available-for-sale:
One year or less	$	37,940	$	37,968
Over one through five years		196,630		198,180
Over five through ten years		182,560		184,199
Over ten years		2,113		2,012
		419,243		422,359
Debt securities, held-to-maturity:
One year or less		170		170
Over one through five years		4,114		4,065
Over five through ten years		1,126		1,131
		5,410		5,366
Total	$	424,653	$	427,725

- 15 -

Net Investment Income

The following table provides a detail of the Company’s net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Interest income	$	2,492	$	1,963	$	7,073	$	5,801
Dividends income		111		201		408		597
Net investment income	$	2,603	$	2,164	$	7,481	$	6,398

Aging of Gross Unrealized Losses

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, gross unrealized losses and related fair values for available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities, grouped by duration of time in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
September 30, 2017					(in thousands)
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations
and authorities	$	67,924	$	527	$	5,820��	$	74	$	73,744	$	601
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		15,454		135		2,966		30		18,420		165
Corporate		58,838		340		3,971		79		62,809		419
International		1,383		2		—		—		1,383		2
		143,599		1,004		12,757		183		156,356		1,187
Equity securities		3,478		267		242		1		3,720		268
Total investments	$	147,077	$	1,271	$	12,999	$	184	$	160,076	$	1,455

	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
December 31, 2016					(in thousands)
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations
and authorities	$	45,255	$	850	$	111	$	3	$	45,366	$	853
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		103,724		2,066		1,007		1		104,731		2,067
Corporate		59,970		864		2,427		31		62,397		895
International		5,925		119		5		—		5,930		119
		214,874		3,899		3,550		35		218,424		3,934
Equity securities		4,701		253		434		35		5,135		288
Total investments	$	219,575	$	4,152	$	3,984	$	70	$	223,559	$	4,222

- 16 -

As of September 30, 2017, the Company held a total of 614 debt and equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 25 securities were in an unrealized loss position continuously for 12 months or more. As of December 31, 2016, the Company held a total of 1,132 debt and equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 36 securities were in an unrealized loss position continuously for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses associated with these securities consisted primarily of losses related to corporate securities.

The Company holds its equity securities and some of its debt securities as available-for-sale and as such, these securities are recorded at fair value. The Company continually monitors the difference between cost and the estimated fair value of its investments, which involves uncertainty as to whether declines in value are temporary in nature. If the decline of a particular investment is deemed temporary, the Company records the decline as an unrealized loss in shareholders’ equity. If the decline is deemed to be other than temporary, the Company will write the security’s cost-basis or amortized cost-basis down to the fair value of the investment and recognizes an other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) loss in our consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, any portion of such decline related to debt securities that is believed to arise from factors other than credit will be recorded as a component of other comprehensive income rather than charged against income.

The Company’s assessment of equity securities initially involves an evaluation of all securities that are in an unrealized loss position, regardless of the duration or severity of the loss, as of the applicable balance sheet date. Such initial review consists primarily of assessing whether: (i) there has been a negative credit or news event with respect to the issuer that could indicate the existence of an OTTI; and (ii) the Company has the ability and intent to hold an equity security for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery (generally considered to be one year from the balance sheet date).

To the extent that an equity security in an unrealized loss position is not impaired based on the initial review described above, the Company then evaluates such equity security by considering qualitative and quantitative factors. These factors include but are not limited to facts and circumstances specific to individual securities, asset classes, the financial condition of the issuer, changes in dividend payment, the length of time fair value had been less than cost, the severity of the decline in fair value below cost, industry outlook and our ability and intent to hold each position until its forecasted recovery.

If the Company intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that, the Company will sell, a debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the total amount of the unrealized loss position is recognized as an OTTI loss in our consolidated statement of operations. To the extent a debt security in an unrealized loss position is not impaired based on the preceding, the Company will consider that security to be impaired when it believes collection of the amortized cost is not probable.

During the Company’s quarterly evaluation of its securities for impairment, there were no OTTI losses identified in our investments in debt and equity securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Collateral Deposits

As of September 30, 2017, investments with fair values of approximately $12.9 million, the majority of which were debt securities, were deposited with governmental authorities and into custodial bank accounts as required by law or contractual obligations.

5. REINSURANCE

Reinsurance is used to mitigate the exposure to losses, manage capacity and protect capital resources. The Company reinsures (cedes) a portion of written premiums on an excess of loss or a quota share basis in order to limit our loss exposure. To the extent that reinsuring companies are unable to meet their obligations assumed under these reinsurance agreements, we remain primarily liable to our policyholders.

We are selective in choosing reinsurers and consider numerous factors, the most important of which are the financial stability of the reinsurer or capital specifically pledged to uphold the contract, its history of responding to claims and its overall reputation.  In an effort to minimize our exposure to the insolvency of a reinsurer, we evaluate the acceptability and review the financial condition of the reinsurer at least annually with the assistance of our reinsurance broker.

Significant Reinsurance Contracts

FNIC and MNIC operate primarily by underwriting and accepting risks for their direct account on a gross basis and reinsuring a portion of the exposure on either an individual risk or an aggregate basis to the extent those exceed the desired retention level. We continually evaluate the relative attractiveness of different forms of reinsurance contracts and different markets that may be used to achieve our risk and profitability objectives. All of our reinsurance contracts do not relieve FNIC or MNIC from their direct obligations to the insured.

- 17 -

FNIC’s 2016-2017 reinsurance programs, costing $179.5 million, included $125.6 million for the private reinsurance for FNIC’s Florida exposure, including prepaid automatic premium reinstatement protection on all layers, along with $53.9 million payable to the FHCF. The combination of private and FHCF reinsurance treaties afforded FNIC with $2.23 billion of aggregate coverage with a maximum single event coverage totaled $1.59 billion, exclusive of retentions. FNIC maintained its FHCF participation at 75% for the 2016 hurricane season. FNIC’s single event pre-tax retention for a catastrophic event in Florida was $18.45 million. In addition, FNIC purchases separate underlying reinsurance layers in Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, and South Carolina to cover losses and LAE outside of Florida for each catastrophic event from $8.0 million to $18.45 million. Depending on the characteristics of the catastrophic event, and the states involved, FNIC’s single event pre-tax retention could have been as low as $8.0 million.

Additionally, the Company’s private market excess of loss treaties became effective June 1, 2016 and July 1, 2016, and all private layers, except the FHCF supplemental layer reinsurance contract, have prepaid automatic reinstatement protection, which afforded us additional coverage against multiple catastrophic events in the same hurricane season. The Company obtained multiple year protection for a portion of its program; as a result, some of the coverage expired on June 30, 2017, and a portion of the coverage will remain in-force one additional treaty year until June 30, 2018. These private market excess of loss treaties structure coverage into layers, with a cascading feature such that substantially all private layers attach after $18.45 million in losses for FNIC’s Florida exposure. If the aggregate limit of the preceding layer is exhausted, the next layer drops down (cascades) in its place. Additionally, any unused layer protection drops down for subsequent events until exhausted.

FNIC’s 2017-2018 reinsurance programs are estimated to cost $176.9 million which includes approximately $125.1 million for the private reinsurance for FNIC’s Florida exposure described above, including prepaid automatic premium reinstatement protection, along with approximately $49.9 million payable to the FHCF.  The combination of private and FHCF reinsurance treaties will afford FNIC approximately $2.14 billion of aggregate coverage with a maximum single event coverage totaling approximately $1.5 billion, exclusive of retentions.  FNIC maintained its FHCF participation at 75% for the 2017 hurricane season.  FNIC’s single event pre-tax retention for a catastrophic event in Florida is $18 million, down slightly from the 2016-2017 reinsurance programs.

FNIC’s private market excess of loss treaties, covering both Florida and Non-Florida exposures, are effective June 1, 2017 and July 1, 2017, and all private layers have prepaid automatic reinstatement protection, except the FHCF supplemental layer reinsurance contract, which affords FNIC additional coverage for subsequent events.  The reinsurance program includes multiple year protection with $89 million of new multiple year protection this year and $156 million of renewing multiple year protection from last year.  These private market excess of loss treaties structure coverage into layers, with a cascading feature such that substantially all layers attach after $25.1 million in losses for FNIC’s exposure.  If the aggregate limit of the preceding layer is exhausted, the next layer drops down (cascades) in its place.  Additionally, any unused layer protection drops down for subsequent events until exhausted.  FNIC purchased an underlying limit of protection for $7.1 million excess of $18 million with prepaid automatic reinstatement protection.  These treaties are with reinsurers that currently have an A.M. Best Company (“AM Best”) or Standard & Poor’s rating of “A-” or better, or have fully collateralized their maximum potential obligations in dedicated trusts.

FNIC’s Non-Florida excess of loss reinsurance treaties affords us up to an additional $21 million of aggregate coverage with first event coverage totaling $5 million and second event coverage up to $16 million.  The Non-Florida retention is lowered to $13 million for the first event and $2 million for the second event (for hurricane losses only) on a gross basis though it is reduced to $6.5 million and $1 million on a net basis after taking into account the profit share agreement that FNIC has with our non-affiliated managing general underwriter that writes our Non-Florida property business. FNIC’s Non-Florida reinsurance program cost includes $1.9 million for this private reinsurance, including prepaid automatic premium reinstatement protection.

MNIC’s 2016-2017 catastrophe reinsurance program, which ran from either June 1 to May 31 or June 1 to June 30 (13 month period), consisted of the FHCF and private market excess of loss treaties. All private layers had prepaid automatic reinstatement protection, which afforded MNIC additional coverage, and had a cascading feature such that substantially all layers attached at $3.4 million for MNIC's Florida exposure.

MNIC’s 2017-2018 reinsurance programs are estimated to cost $5.04 million which includes approximately $3.23 million for the private reinsurance as described below, along with approximately $1.81 million payable to FHCF. The combination of private and FHCF reinsurance treaties will afford Monarch National approximately $105.79 million of aggregate coverage with a maximum single event coverage totaling approximately $64.86 million, exclusive of retentions.  Monarch National’s FHCF participation is at 75% for the 2017 hurricane season.

MNIC’s private market excess of loss treaties are effective July 1, 2017 and all private layers have prepaid automatic reinstatement protection, which affords MNIC additional coverage for subsequent events, and have a cascading feature such that substantially all layers attach at $3.4 million for Monarch National’s Florida exposure.  These treaties are with reinsurers that currently have an AM Best or Standard & Poor’s rating of “A-” or better, or have fully collateralized their maximum potential obligations in dedicated trusts.

- 18 -

FNIC bound a new 10% quota-share on its Florida homeowners book of business, which became effective on July 1, 2017 and excludes named storms. Prior to this treaty, the Company’s property quota share treaties consisted of two different treaties, one for 30% which became effective July 1, 2014, and the other for 10% which became effective July 1, 2015, each of which ran for a two-year period. The combined treaties provided a 40% quota-share reinsurance on covered losses for the homeowners’ property insurance program in Florida. The treaties are accounted for as retrospectively rated contracts whereby the estimated ultimate premium or commission is recognized over the period of the contracts. On July 1, 2017, the 10% property quota-share treaty expired on a cut-off basis, which means as of that date the Company retained an incremental 10% of its unearned premiums and losses. The reinsurers remain liable for 10% of the paid losses occurring during the term of the treaty, until the treaty is commuted.

On July 1, 2016, the 30% property quota-share treaty expired on a cut-off basis, which means as of that date the Company retained an incremental 30% of its unearned premiums and losses. The reinsurers remain liable for 30% of the paid losses occurring during the term of the treaty, until the treaty is commuted.

The Company’s private passenger automobile quota share treaties are typically one-year programs which become effective at different points in the year and cover auto policies across several states. These automobile quota share treaties cede approximately 75% of all written premiums entered into by the Company.

Certain reinsurance agreements require FNIC and MNIC to secure the credit, regulatory and business risk. Fully funded trust agreements securing these risks for FNIC totaled $2.6 million as of September 30, 2017 and as of December 31, 2016. Fully funded trust agreements securing these risks for MNIC totaled $0.3 million as of September 30, 2017 and as of December 31, 2016.

Reinsurance Recoverables

Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are recognized in a manner consistent with the claims liabilities associated with the reinsurance placement and presented on the consolidated balance sheet as reinsurance recoverables. The following table presents reinsurance recoverables as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses	$	11,973	$	7,451
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses		326,042		41,079
Reinsurance recoverable, net	$	338,015	$	48,530

As of September 30, 2017, reinsurance recoverables, net includes $288.6 million relating to loss recoveries from the impact of Hurricane Irma, which made landfall in the United States as a Category 4 hurricane on September 10, 2017. Approximately 11% and 19% of the reinsurance recoverable at September 30, 2017 was concentrated in two reinsurers related to Hurricane Irma.  Additionally, these two reinsurers and all other reinsurers in our excess-of-loss reinsurance programs have an AM Best or Standard & Poor’s rating of “A-“ or better, or have fully collateralized their maximum potential obligations in dedicated trusts.

Premiums Written and Earned

The following table presents premiums written and earned for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Net premiums written:
Direct	$	154,782	$	161,137	$	469,525	$	468,379
Ceded		(148,623)		(96,327)		(254,911)		(259,307)
	$	6,159	$	64,810	$	214,614	$	209,072
Net premiums earned:
Direct	$	152,779	$	147,624	$	451,320	$	413,056
Ceded		(74,116)		(78,219)		(211,005)		(228,609)
	$	78,663	$	69,405	$	240,315	$	184,447

- 19 -

6.  LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE (“LAE”) RESERVES

The liability for loss and LAE reserves is determined on an individual-case basis for all claims reported. The liability also includes amounts for unallocated expenses, consideration for anticipated subrogation recoveries that will offset future loss payments, anticipated future claim development and incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”) claims.

Activity in the liability for loss and LAE reserves is summarized as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Gross reserves, beginning of period	$	158,476	$	97,340
Less: reinsurance recoverable (1)		(41,079)		(7,496)
Net reserves, beginning of period		117,397		89,844
Incurred loss, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current year		178,299		115,270
Prior years		3,358		10,946
Total incurred loss and LAE, net of reinsurance		181,657		126,216
Paid loss, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current year		106,233		46,073
Prior years		57,322		53,526
Total paid loss and LAE, net of reinsurance		163,555		99,599
Net reserves, end of period		135,499		110,428
Plus: reinsurance recoverable (1)		326,042		17,057
Gross reserves, end of period	$	461,541	$	127,485

(1) Reinsurance recoverable in this table includes only ceded loss and LAE reserves.

The establishment of loss reserves is an inherently uncertain process and changes in loss reserve estimates are expected as such estimates are subject to the outcome of future events. The factors influencing changes in claim costs are often difficult to isolate or quantify and developments in paid and incurred losses from historical trends are frequently subject to multiple interpretations. Changes in estimates, or differences between estimates and amounts ultimately paid, are reflected in the operating results of the period during which such adjustments are made.

As previously disclosed, the Company entered into 30% and 10% retrospectively-rated Florida-only property quota share treaties, which ended on July 1, 2016 and 2017, respectively.  These agreements included a profit share (experience account) provision, under which the Company will receive ceded premium adjustments at the end of the treaty to the extent there is a positive balance in the experience account.  This experience account is based on paid losses rather than incurred losses.  Due to the retrospectively-rated nature of this treaty, when the experience account is positive we cede losses under these treaties as the claims are paid with an equal and offsetting adjustment to ceded premiums (in recognition of the related change to the experience account receivable), with no impact on net income.  For purposes of this disclosure, we classify paid losses ceded in the current year as relating to the current year, even if the ceded claim paid was incurred in a prior year.  This matches the ceded paid losses with the year in which the loss and loss adjustment expenses caption in our statement of operations was impacted, and results in the prior year development amounts of $3.4 million and $10.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, being representative of the pre-tax impact on net income from prior year development.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, $11.4 million and $15.4 million, respectively, of paid ceded losses were classified as ‘current year’.

We believe this presentation is consistent with the purpose of this disclosure and effectively provides users of the financial statements with the pre-tax net income impact of prior year development, inclusive of the negative change in the experience account that is attributable to prior accident years.

- 20 -

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company experienced $3.4 million of unfavorable loss and LAE reserve development on prior accident years primarily in its Homeowners line of business.  The Homeowners’ unfavorable development primarily relates to the continued impact from assignment of benefits and related ligation costs in the state of Florida. 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company experienced unfavorable loss and LAE reserve development on prior year accident years primarily in its all other peril homeowners’ coverage in Florida. The deficiency primarily relates to higher severity above the expected development factor anticipated at December 31, 2015 which was driven by the impact from assignment of benefits and other related adjusting expenses.

7.  LONG-TERMDEBT

On March 17, 2015, MNHC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware, and MNIC’s direct parent, our consolidated VIE, issued a promissory note with a principal amount of $5.0 million bearing 6% annual interest, due March 17, 2021 with interest payable on an annual basis due March 17 each year.  The debt was issued to TransRe, a related party, in connection with its investment in Monarch Delaware, and is being carried at the unpaid principal balance, net of debt issuance costs, and any accrued and unpaid interest is recognized in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.  The Company recorded $0.1 million of debt issuance costs related to the 6% promissory note.

8.  INCOME TAXES

The provision for income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Federal:
Current	$	(4,594)	$	(10,433)	$	(3,547)	$	(2,275)
Deferred		1,176		10,709		4,084		8,222
Federal income tax expense		(3,418)		276		537		5,947
State:
Current		(590)		(1,960)		(440)		(613)
Deferred		(215)		1,786		253		1,260
State income tax expense		(805)		(174)		(187)		647
Total income tax expense	$	(4,223)	$	102	$	350	$	6,594

The actual income tax expense differs from the “expected” income tax expense (computed by applying the combined applicable effective federal and state tax rates to income before income tax expense) as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Computed expected tax expense provision, at federal rate	$	(3,993)	$	552	$	334	$	6,604
State tax, net of federal tax benefit		(321)		(148)		55		396
Other		91		(302)		(39)		(406)
Total income tax expense	$	(4,223)	$	102	$	350	$	6,594

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and local jurisdictions. MNHC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the consolidated VIE, is currently under Federal audit for tax year 2015.  As of September 30, 2017, except for the MNHC 2015 Federal income tax return audit, no other open tax years are under examination by the IRS or any material state and local jurisdictions

The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017 which requires the recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies within income tax (benefit) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations (see Note 2). The Company elected to apply this change in presentation prospectively from the beginning of fiscal year 2017, thus prior periods have not been adjusted. This adoption resulted in the recognition of $0.4 million, pre-tax, of excess tax deficiencies for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This change could create volatility in the Company's effective tax rate in future periods. During the nine months ended September 30,

- 21 -

2016, excess tax benefits were recorded in shareholders’ equity within the Consolidated Balance Sheets instead of income tax expense within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there are no uncertain tax positions.

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings, specifically claims litigation.  The Company’s insurance subsidiaries participate in most of these proceedings by either defending third-party claims brought against insureds or litigating first-party coverage claims.  The Company accounts for such activity through the establishment of loss and LAE reserves.  We believe that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses and costs of defense, is immaterial to our consolidated financial statements.  The Company is also occasionally involved in other legal and regulatory proceedings, some of which may assert claims for substantial amounts.  These other legal proceedings may occasionally make us party to individual actions in which extra-contractual damages, punitive damages or penalties are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims.

On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews these outstanding matters, if any.  Consistent with GAAP, the Company establishes reserves for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. The Company does not establish reserves for identified legal matters when we believe that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is not probable. Based on our quarterly review, the Company believes that our accruals for probable and estimable losses are reasonable and that the amounts accrued do not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

The Company is a party to a Co-Existence Agreement effective as of August 30, 2013 (the “Co-Existence Agreement”) with Federated Mutual Insurance Company (“Mutual”) pursuant to which the Company has agreed to certain restrictions on its use of the word “FEDERATED” without the word “NATIONAL” when referring to FNHC and Federated National Insurance Company.  In response to Mutual’s allegations that the Company’s use of the word “FED” as part of the Company’s federally registered “FEDNAT” trademark infringes on Mutual’s federal and common law trademark rights, which the Company disputes, on July 21, 2016, the Company filed a declaratory judgment action for non-infringement of trademark in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida.  Specifically, the Company seeks a declaration that its federally registered trademark "FEDNAT" does not infringe any alleged trademark rights of Mutual and that Mutual does not own any trademark rights to the name or mark "FED" in connection with insurance services outside of Owatonna, Minnesota. Mutual has initiated an arbitration proceeding before the American Arbitration Association (the “AAA”) in which it claims FNHC’s use of the mark “FEDNAT” violates Mutual’s trademark rights in the word “FEDERATED.”  An arbitrator has been selected, and discovery is ongoing.   FNHC is vigorously defending against Mutual’s claims, although there can be no assurances as to the outcome of the arbitration proceeding.

On March 2, 2017, the Company filed a complaint in Broward County, Florida court to enforce the terms of the restrictive covenants set forth in the Amended and Restated Non-Competition, Non-Disclosure and Non-Solicitation Agreement dated August 5, 2013, as amended, entered into between Peter J. Prygelski, III and the Company during Mr. Prygelski’s employment with the Company and set forth in the separation agreement he entered into in connection with his separation from the Company.  The Company believes that he accepted employment with a competitor in contravention of these restrictive covenants.  The Company’s motion for preliminary (temporary) injunctive relief was also denied by the court. The parties have each filed claims in arbitration, which remain pending, along with litigation seeking injunctive relief.  Because of the relatively early stage of this matter, there can be no assurances as to its outcome.

Assessment Related Activity

We operate in a regulatory environment where certain entities and organizations have the authority to require us to participate in assessments. Currently these entities and organizations include: Florida Insurance Guaranty Association (“FIGA”), Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (“Citizens”), FHCF, Florida Joint Underwriters Insurance Association (“JUA”), Georgia Insurers Insolvency Pool (“GIIP”), Special Insurance Fraud Fund (“SIIF”), Fair Access to Insurance Requirements Plan (“FAIRP”), Georgia Automobile Insurance Plan (“GAIP”), Property Insurance Association of Louisiana (“PIAL”), Louisiana Automobile Insurance Plan (“LAIP”), South Carolina Property & Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (“SCPCIGA”), Texas Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (“TPCIGA”), Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (“TWIA”), Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association (“TAIPA”), Alabama Insurance Guaranty Association (“AIGA”), and Alabama Insurance Underwriters Association (“AIUA”). As a direct premium writer in Florida, we are required to participate in certain insurer solvency associations under Florida law, administered by FIGA. Future assessments are likely, although the impact of these assessments on our balance sheet, results of operations or cash flow are undeterminable at this time.

- 22 -

FNIC is also required to participate in an insurance apportionment plan under Florida law, which is referred to as a JUA Plan. The JUA Plan provides for the equitable apportionment of any profits realized, or losses and expenses incurred, among participating automobile insurers. In the event of an underwriting deficit incurred by the JUA Plan which is not recovered through the policyholders in the JUA Plan, such deficit shall be recovered from the companies participating in the JUA Plan in the proportion that the net direct written premiums of each such member during the preceding calendar year bear to the aggregate net direct premiums written in this state by all members of the JUA Plan. There were no material assessments by the JUA Plan as of September 30, 2017. Future assessments by this association are undeterminable at this time.

Leases

FNHC and its subsidiaries lease certain facilities, furniture and equipment under long-term lease agreements. Additional information about leases can be found in Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of the 2016 Form 10-K.

10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock Repurchases

In November 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase shares of common stock of FNHC, at such times and at prices as management determines advisable, up to an aggregate of $10.0 million through March 1, 2017. In March 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $10.0 million share buyback program to repurchase shares of common stock through March 31, 2018. This program may be modified, suspended or terminated by us at any time without notice. Common stock repurchases are conducted in the open market or under Rule 10b5-1 trading plans from time to time in its discretion, based on ongoing assessments of the Company’s capital needs, the market price of its common stock and general market conditions. The amount and timing of all repurchase transactions are contingent upon market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors.

Pursuant to our Board of Directors’ authorizations, the Company repurchased 578,853 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $9.4 million, which is an average price per share of $16.24, during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  As of September 30, 2017, the remaining availability for future repurchases of our common stock was $2.0 million.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

The following table provides certain information in connection with the Company’s share-based compensation arrangements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Restricted stock	$	866	$	525	$	2,279	$	3,158
Stock options		—		—		—		—
Total share-based compensation expense	$	866	$	525	$	2,279	$	3,158
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	30	$	125	$	36	$	137
Fair value of restricted stock vested	$	686	$	1,069	$	2,191	$	3,961

The intrinsic value of options exercised represents the difference between the stock option exercise price and the weighted average closing stock price of FNHC common stock on the exercise dates, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market.

- 23 -

Stock Option Awards

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity for the period from January 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017 is as follows:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Option Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	79,484	$	3.70
Granted	—	$	—
Exercised	(28,500)	$	3.70
Cancelled	—	$	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	50,984	$	3.70

Restricted Stock Awards

The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense for all restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) held by the Company’s directors, executives and other key employees. The accounting charge is measured at the grant date as the fair value of FNHC common stock and expensed as non-cash compensation over the vesting term using the straight-line basis for service awards and the accelerated basis for performance‑based awards with graded vesting.  Certain cliff vesting awards contain performance criteria which are tied to the achievement of certain market conditions. This value is recognized as expense over the service period using the straight‑line recognition method.

During the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, the Board of Directors granted 106,454 and 128,472 RSAs, respectively, vesting over three or five years, to the Company’s directors, executives and other key employees.

The following table summarizes RSA activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	337,203	$	19.69
Granted	106,454	$	17.95
Vested	(130,514)	$	16.79
Cancelled	(4,860)	$	19.79
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	308,283	$	20.31

The weighted average grant date fair value is measured using the closing price of FNHC common stock on the grant date, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market.

- 24 -

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table presents a reconciliation of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2017						2016
	Before Tax		Income Tax		Net		Before Tax		Income Tax		Net
	(in thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive income,
beginning  of period	$	8,247	$	(3,164)	$	5,083	$	15,201	$	(5,596)	$	9,605
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		2,013		(710)		1,303		690		(186)		504
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included
in net income		(6,101)		2,353		(3,748)		(1,464)		338		(1,126)
		(4,088)		1,643		(2,445)		(774)		152		(622)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	4,159	$	(1,521)	$	2,638	$	14,427	$	(5,444)	$	8,983

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017						2016
	Before Tax		Income Tax		Net		Before Tax		Income Tax		Net
	(in thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive income,
beginning  of period	$	3,323	$	(1,199)	$	2,124	$	6,111		(2,247)	$	3,864
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		9,480		(3,656)		5,824		11,296		(4,117)		7,179
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included
in net income		(8,644)		3,334		(5,310)		(2,980)		920		(2,060)
		836		(322)		514		8,316		(3,197)		5,119
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	4,159	$	(1,521)	$	2,638	$	14,427	$	(5,444)	$	8,983

11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including outstanding unvested restricted stock awards and vested restricted stock awards during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, noted above, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options. Dilutive securities are common stock equivalents that are freely exercisable into common stock at less than market prices or otherwise dilute earnings if converted. The net effect of common stock equivalents is based on the incremental common stock that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of common stock options and the vesting of RSAs using the treasury stock method. Common stock equivalents are not included in diluted earnings per share when their inclusion is antidilutive.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company was in a net loss position and therefore did not take antidilution into account for the calculation of diluted EPS. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the computations of diluted EPS available to our shareholders do not include approximately 0.2 million stock options and RSAs,  as the effect of their inclusion would have been antidilutive to earnings per share. Additionally, the computation of diluted EPS for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 did not include 0.1 million and 0.2 million stock options and RSAs, respectively, as the effect of their inclusion would have been antidilutive to earnings per share.

- 25 -

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands, except per share data)				(in thousands, except per share data)
Net (loss) income attributable to Federated National Holding
Company shareholders	$	(5,511)	$	1,394	$	2,579	$	11,920
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding -
basic		13,135		13,780		13,211		13,807
Net (loss) income per share - basic	$	(0.42)	$	0.10	$	0.20	$	0.86
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding -
basic		13,135		13,780		13,211		13,807
Dilutive effect of stock compensation plans		-		163		91		192
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding -
diluted		13,135		13,943		13,302		13,999
Net (loss) income per share - diluted	$	(0.42)	$	0.10	$	0.19	$	0.85
Dividends per share	$	0.08	$	0.08	$	0.24	$	0.17

Dividends Declared

In March 2017, our Board of Directors declared a $0.08 per common share dividend, paid in June 2017, to shareholders of record on May 1, 2017, amounting to $1.1 million.

In June 2017, our Board of Directors declared a $0.08 per common share dividend, paid September 2017, to shareholders of record on August 1, 2017, amounting to $1.1 million.

 In September 2017, our Board of Directors declared a $0.08 per common share dividend payable on December 1, 2017 to shareholders of record on November 1, 2017.

- 26 -

12. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY

The carrying amounts of the assets of Monarch Delaware, our consolidated VIE, which can only be used to settle obligations of Monarch Delaware, and liabilities of Monarch Delaware for which creditors do not have recourse are as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
ASSETS
Investments
Debt securities, available-for-sale, at fair value	$	28,319	$	27,100
Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value		1,559		1,604
Total investments		29,878		28,704
Cash and cash equivalents		13,952		15,668
Reinsurance recoverable		6,600		-
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		3,721		1,070
Premiums receivable, net		926		1,584
Deferred acquisition costs		1,296		1,539
Other assets		2,699		635
Total assets	$	59,072	$	49,200
LIABILITIES
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	$	12,969	$	1,659
Unearned premiums		7,135		8,406
Reinsurance payable		3,868		863
Debt		4,925		4,909
Other liabilities		3,250		1,026
Total liabilities	$	32,147	$	16,863

- 27 -

General information about Federated National Holding Company can be found at www.FedNat.com; however, the information that can be accessed through our web site is not part of our report. We make our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 available free of charge on our web site, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the SEC.

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Form 10-Q”). In addition, reference should be made to our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and related “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “2016 Form 10-K”).

Unless the context requires otherwise, as used in this Form 10-Q, the terms “FNHC,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Federated National Holding Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this Form 10-Q or in documents that are incorporated by reference that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those discussed herein. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “envision,” “estimate,” “expect,” “guidance,” “indicate,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possibly,” “potential,” “predict,” “probably,” “pro-forma,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” or “will” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon and similar words or phrases or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements might also include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following:

· Projections of revenues, income, earnings per share, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or measures;

· Descriptions of plans or objectives of management for future operations, insurance products/or services;

· Forecasts of future insurable events, economic performance, liquidity, need for funding and income; and

· Descriptions of assumptions or estimates underlying or relating to any of the foregoing.

The risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, risks and uncertainties related to estimates, assumptions and projections generally; the nature of the Company’s business; the adequacy of its reserves for loss and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”); claims experience; weather conditions (including the severity and frequency of storms, hurricanes, tornadoes and hail) and other catastrophic losses; reinsurance costs and the ability of reinsurers to indemnify the Company; the availability and cost of additional capital and our compliance with minimum capital and surplus requirements; potential assessments that support property and casualty insurance pools and associations; the effectiveness of internal financial controls; the effectiveness of our underwriting, pricing and related loss limitation methods; changes in loss trends, including as a result of insureds’ assignment of benefits; court decisions and trends in litigation; our potential failure to pay claims accurately; ability to obtain regulatory approval applications for requested rate increases, or to underwrite in additional jurisdictions, and the timing thereof; the impact that the results of the Monarch joint venture may have on our results of operations; inflation and other changes in economic conditions (including changes in interest rates and financial markets); pricing competition and other initiatives by competitors; legislative and regulatory developments; the outcome of litigation pending against the Company, and any settlement thereof; dependence on investment income and the composition of the Company’s investment portfolio; insurance agents; ratings by industry services; the reliability and security of our information technology systems; reliance on key personnel; acts of war and terrorist activities; and other matters described from time to time by the Company in this report and other filings filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Company’s Form 10-K.

In addition, investors should be aware that U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) prescribe when a company may reserve for particular risks, including claims and litigation exposures. Accordingly, results for a given reporting period could be significantly affected if and when a reserve is established for a contingency. Reported results may therefore appear to be volatile in certain accounting periods.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made.  We do not undertake any obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made.

- 28 -

GENERAL

FNHC is an insurance holding company that controls substantially all steps in the insurance underwriting, distribution and claims processes through our subsidiaries and our contractual relationships with our independent agents and general agents. We are authorized to underwrite, and/or place through our wholly owned subsidiaries, homeowners’ multi-peril (“homeowners”), commercial general liability, federal flood, personal automobile and other lines of insurance in Florida and other states. We market, distribute and service our own and third-party insurers’ products and our other services through a network of independent agents.

Our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary is Federated National Insurance Company (“FNIC”), which is licensed as an admitted carrier in Florida, Texas, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and South Carolina. We also serve as managing general agent for Monarch National Insurance Company (“MNIC”), which was founded in 2015 through the joint venture described below, and is licensed as an admitted carrier in Florida. An admitted carrier is an insurance company that has received a license from the state department of insurance giving the Company the authority to write specific lines of insurance in that state. These companies are also bound by rate and form regulations, and are strictly regulated to protect policyholders from a variety of illegal and unethical practices, including fraud. Admitted carriers are also required to financially contribute to the state guarantee fund, which is used to pay for losses if an insurance carrier becomes insolvent or unable to pay the losses due to their policyholders.

Monarch National Insurance Company Joint Venture

On March 19, 2015, the Company entered into a joint venture to organize MNIC, which received its certificate of authority to write homeowners’ property and casualty insurance in Florida from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (the “Florida OIR”). The Company’s joint venture partners are a majority-owned limited partnership of Crosswinds Holdings Inc., a publicly traded Canadian private equity firm and asset manager (“Crosswinds”) and Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (“TransRe”).

The Company and Crosswinds each invested $14.0 million in Monarch Delaware Holdings, LLC (“Monarch Delaware”), the indirect parent company of MNIC, for a 42.4% interest in Monarch Delaware (each holding 50% of the voting interests in Monarch Delaware).  TransRe invested $5.0 million for a 15.2% non-voting interest in Monarch Delaware and advanced an additional $5.0 million in debt evidenced by a six-year promissory note bearing 6% annual interest payable by Monarch National Holding Company (“MNHC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware and the direct parent company of MNIC.

In connection with the organization of MNIC, the parties entered into the following agreements dated as of March 17, 2015:

· MNIC entered into a Managing General Agent and Claims Administration Agreement (the “Monarch MGA Agreement”) with FedNat Underwriters, Inc. (“FNU”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to which FNU provides underwriting, accounting, reinsurance placement and claims administration services to Monarch.  For its services under the Monarch MGA Agreement, FNU receives 4% of Monarch’s total written annual premium, excluding acquisition expenses payable to agents, for FNU’s managing general agent services; 3.6% of Monarch’s total earned annual premium for FNU’s claims administration services; and a per-policy administrative fee of $25 for each policy underwritten for Monarch.  The Company also receives an annual expense reimbursement for accounting and related services.

· MNIC, MNHC and Monarch Delaware (collectively, the “Monarch Entities”) entered into an Investment Management Agreement (the “Monarch Investment Agreement”) with Crosswinds AUM LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Crosswinds (“Crosswinds AUM”), pursuant to which Crosswinds AUM manages the investment portfolios of the Monarch Entities.  The management fee, on an annual basis, is 0.75% of assets under management up to $100 million; 0.50% of assets under management of more than $100 million but less than $200 million; and 0.30% of assets under management of more than $200 million.

· MNIC also entered into a Reinsurance Capacity Right of First Refusal Agreement with TransRe, pursuant to which TransRe has a right of first refusal for all quota share and excess of loss reinsurance that Monarch Insurance deems necessary in its sole discretion for so long as TransRe remains a member of Monarch Delaware or the MNHC debt remains outstanding.  Pursuant to this agreement, TransRe has the right to provide, at market rates and terms, a maximum of 15% of any reinsurance coverage obtained by Monarch Delaware in any individual reinsurance contract.

· The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer hold the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, respectively, with Monarch Entities while they remain employed by the Company.

The Monarch Entities are consolidated as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

- 29 -

Overview of Insurance Lines of Business

Homeowners’ Property and Casualty Insurance

FNIC and MNIC underwrite homeowners’ insurance in Florida and FNIC also underwrites insurance in Alabama, Texas, Louisiana and South Carolina. Homeowners’ insurance generally protects an owner of real and personal property against covered causes of loss to that property. The Florida homeowners’ policies in-force totaled 277,379 and 267,909 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Our homeowners’ insurance products provide maximum dwelling coverage in the amount of approximately $4.0 million, with the aggregate maximum policy limit being approximately $6.0 million.  We currently offer dwelling coverage “A” up to $4.0 million with an aggregate total insured value of $6.5 million.  We review these subject limits on an annual basis. The typical deductible is either $2,500 or $1,000 for non-hurricane-related claims and generally 2% of the coverage amount for the structure for hurricane-related claims.

Premium rates charged to our homeowners’ insurance policyholders are continually evaluated to assure that they meet the expectation that they are actuarially sound and produce a reasonable level of profit (neither excessive, inadequate or discriminatory). Premium rates in Florida and other states are regulated and approved by the respective states’ office of insurance regulation. In 2016, FNIC applied for and was approved by the Florida OIR for a statewide average rate increase of 5.6% for Florida homeowners multiple-peril insurance policies, which became effective for new and renewal policies on August 1, 2016. FNIC applied for and was approved by the Florida OIR for a statewide average rate increase of 10.0% for Florida homeowners multiple-peril insurance policies, which became effective for new and renewal policies on August 1, 2017.  Additionally, FNIC applied for and was approved by the Florida OIR for a statewide average increase of 6.5% for Florida dwelling insurance policies, which will become effective on December 4, 2017. MNIC applied for and was approved by the Florida OIR for a statewide average rate decrease of 11.9% and a statewide average increase of 2.8% for Florida homeowners multiple-peril insurance policies, which became effective for new and renewal policies on April 15, 2016 and October 1, 2017, respectively.  We continue to monitor and seek appropriate adjustment to our rates in order to remain competitive and profitable.

Other Lines of Business

Personal Automobile: Nonstandard personal automobile insurance is principally provided to insureds that are unable to obtain standard insurance coverage because of their driving record, age, vehicle type or other factors, including market conditions. We market this through licensed general agents in their respective territories.

Commercial General Liability: We underwrite for approximately 380 classes of skilled craft workers (excluding homebuilders and developers) and mercantile trades (such as owners, landlords and tenants). The limits of liability range from $100,000 per occurrence with a $200,000 policy aggregate to $1.0 million per occurrence with a $2.0 million policy aggregate. We market the commercial general liability insurance products through independent agents. 

Flood:FNIC writes flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”). We write the policy for the NFIP, which assumes 100% of the flood risk while we retain a commission for our service.

See the discussion in Item 1: “Business” in our 2016 Form 10-K for additional information with respect to our business.

Regulation

All insurance companies must file quarterly and annual statements with certain regulatory agencies and are subject to regular and special examinations by those agencies. We may be the subject of additional special examinations or analysis. These examinations or analysis may result in one or more corrective orders being issued by the Florida OIR. The Florida OIR has completed their regularly scheduled statutory examination of FNIC for the five years ended December 31, 2015 and of MNIC for the period of March 17, 2015 (inception) through December 31, 2015. There were no material findings by the Florida OIR in connection with these examinations. Additionally, MNIC is currently under statutory examination by the Florida OIR for the year ended December 31, 2016.

- 30 -

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Operating Results Overview - Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2016

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations or contain all of the information that may be important to our shareholders or the investing public. This overview should be read in conjunction with the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following table summarizes our unaudited results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		% Change	2016
	(In thousands)
Revenue:
Gross premiums written	$	154,782	(3.9)%	$	161,137
Gross premiums earned		152,779	3.5%		147,624
Ceded premiums		(74,116)	(5.2)%		(78,219)
Net premiums earned		78,663	13.3%		69,405
Net investment income		2,603	20.3%		2,164
Net realized investment gains		6,101	441.8%		1,126
Direct written policy fees		3,651	(15.4)%		4,318
Other income		4,874	8.5%		4,493
Total revenue		95,892	17.7%		81,506
Costs and expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		72,935	58.6%		45,973
Commissions and other underwriting expenses		29,242	(2.1)%		29,868
General and administrative expenses		5,042	24.7%		4,044
Interest expense		81	—%		81
Total costs and expenses		107,300	34.2%		79,966
(Loss) income before income taxes		(11,408)	(840.8)%		1,540
Income taxes		(4,223)	(4,240.2)%		102
Net (loss) income		(7,185)	(599.7)%		1,438
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest		(1,674)	(3,904.5)%		44
Net (loss) income attributable to FNHC shareholders	$	(5,511)	(495.3)%	$	1,394
Ratios to net premiums earned:
Net loss ratio (1)		92.7%			66.2%
Net expense ratio (2)		43.6%			48.9%
Combined ratio (3)		136.3%			115.1%

(1) The net loss ratio is calculated as losses and LAE divided by net premiums earned.

(2) The net expense ratio is calculated as all operating expenses less interest expense divided by net premiums earned.

(3) The combined ratio is calculated as the sum of losses and LAE and all operating expenses less interest expense divided by net premiums earned.

- 31 -

The following table summarizes our unaudited results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 by line of business. Although we conduct our operations under a single reportable segment, we have provided line of business information as we believe it is useful to our shareholders and the investing public. The “Homeowners” line of business consists of our homeowners and fire property and casualty insurance business. The “Automobile” line of business consists of our nonstandard personal automobile insurance business. The “Other” line of business primarily consists of our commercial general liability and federal flood businesses, along with corporate and investment operations.

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2017								2016
	Homeowners		Automobile		Other		Consolidated		Homeowners		Automobile		Other		Consolidated
	(in thousands)
Revenue:
Gross premiums written	$	141,409	$	7,176	$	6,197	$	154,782	$	133,532	$	21,523	$	6,082	$	161,137
Gross premiums earned		133,505		13,525		5,749		152,779		124,709		17,163		5,752		147,624
Ceded premiums		(61,239)		(9,978)		(2,899)		(74,116)		(62,288)		(13,409)		(2,522)		(78,219)
Net premiums earned		72,266		3,547		2,850		78,663		62,421		3,754		3,230		69,405
Net investment income		—		—		2,603		2,603		—		—		2,164		2,164
Net realized investment gains		—		—		6,101		6,101		—		—		1,126		1,126
Direct written policy fees		2,306		1,206		139		3,651		2,190		1,977		151		4,318
Other income		3,432		495		947		4,874		2,765		1,318		410		4,493
Total revenue		78,004		5,248		12,640		95,892		67,376		7,049		7,081		81,506
Costs and expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		65,600		4,581		2,754		72,935		40,399		3,498		2,076		45,973
Commissions and other underwriting expenses		24,587		3,431		1,224		29,242		23,875		4,883		1,110		29,868
General and administrative expenses		3,915		150		977		5,042		3,033		150		861		4,044
Interest expense		81		—		—		81		81		—		—		81
Total costs and expenses		94,183		8,162		4,955		107,300		67,388		8,531		4,047		79,966
(Loss) income before income taxes		(16,179)		(2,914)		7,685		(11,408)		(12)		(1,482)		3,034		1,540
Income taxes		(6,241)		(1,124)		3,142		(4,223)		(4)		(572)		678		102
Net (loss) income		(9,938)		(1,790)		4,543		(7,185)		(8)		(910)		2,356		1,438
Net (loss) income attributable to   noncontrolling interest		(1,674)		—		—		(1,674)		44		—		—		44
Net (loss) income attributable to   FNHC shareholders	$	(8,264)	$	(1,790)	$	4,543	$	(5,511)	$	(52)	$	(910)	$	2,356	$	1,394
Ratios to net premiums earned:
Net loss ratio		90.8%		129.2%		96.6%		92.7%		64.7%		93.2%		64.3%		66.2%
Net expense ratio		39.4%						43.6%		43.1%						48.9%
Combined ratio		130.2%						136.3%		107.8%						115.1%

Revenue

Total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2017 of $95.9 million increased $14.4 million, or 17.7%, compared to total revenue of $81.5 million for the same period in 2016.

Gross Premiums Written

The following table represents the gross premiums written detail by line of business for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Gross premiums written:
Homeowners/Fire Florida	$	126,211	$	123,789
Homeowners/Fire non-Florida		15,198		9,743
Automobile		7,176		21,523
Commercial general liability		2,546		3,171
Federal flood		3,651		2,911
Total gross premiums written	$	154,782	$	161,137

- 32 -

Gross written premiums decreased $6.3 million, or 3.9%, to $154.8 million in the quarter, compared with $161.1 million for the same three-month period last year.  The decrease was driven by Automobile, which decreased $14.3 million, partially offset by an increase in Homeowners of $7.9 million.  The Automobile decrease was due to management actions to reduce the size of our overall program.  During the quarter just ended, we had three active programs as compared to five active programs during the prior year quarter.  The Company’s Automobile written premiums in the third quarter came almost entirely from active programs.  While the remaining run-off program is expected to produce earned premiums for the next several quarters, the magnitude thereof is lessening quickly.  Homeowners’ non-Florida has continued its significant growth in 2017, specifically in Louisiana, Texas and South Carolina.  Homeowners’ Florida written premiums this quarter partially reflect the 10.0% rate increase that became effective August 1, 2017.

Gross Premiums Earned

The following table represents the gross premiums earned detail by line of business for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Gross premiums earned:
Homeowners/Fire Florida	$	121,771	$	116,852
Homeowners/Fire non-Florida		11,734		7,857
Automobile		13,525		17,163
Commercial general liability		3,005		3,406
Federal flood		2,744		2,346
Total gross premiums earned	$	152,779	$	147,624

Gross premiums earned increased $5.2 million, or 3.5%, to $152.8 million, driven primarily by 7.1% growth in Homeowners spanning all states, offset by management actions to decrease premiums in Automobile.

Ceded Premiums

Ceded premiums decreased $4.1 million, or 5.2%, to $74.1 million in the quarter, compared with the same three-month period last year.  The decrease in ceded premiums earned was driven by lower ceded premiums from Automobile as a result of lower gross premiums discussed above.  Additionally, to a lesser extent, Homeowners ceded premiums decreased due to the expiration of the retrospectively-rated 10% and 30% Florida-only property quota share treaties, which ended on July 1, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  The effect of these expirations was partially offset by a new 10% Florida-only property quota share treaty, which became effective on July 1, 2017, and by a slight increase in the new 2017-2018 excess of loss reinsurance program, portions of which became effective on June 1, 2017 and July 1, 2017.  This slight increase in cost is primarily from MNIC’s reinsurance program, which reflects its premium growth in the past year.  

Net Investment Income

Net investment income increased $0.4 million, or 20.3%, to $2.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $2.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2016.  This increase was primarily driven by growth in our fixed income portfolio. A portion of the increase in net investment income will be offset by higher federal income taxes, given that going forward a lower percentage of our investment income originates from tax-free securities. 

Net Realized Investment Gains

Net realized investment gains were $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $1.1 million in the prior year period.  This increase was driven by a decision to re-deploy approximately $30.6 million of equities into fixed-income securities during the quarter in order to reduce the Company’s exposure to the equity markets.

- 33 -

Direct Written Policy Fees

Direct written policy fees decreased by $0.6 million, or 15.4%, to $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $4.3 million in the same period in 2016. The decrease in direct written policy fees is correlated to the decrease in gross written premiums overall and specifically in our personal automobile line of business as compared to the same period in 2016.

Other Income

The following table represents the other income detail as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		% Change	2016
	(In thousands)
Other income:
Commission income	$	1,364	(16.6)%	$	1,636
Brokerage		2,972	30.3%		2,281
Finance		538	(6.6)%		576
Total other income	$	4,874	8.5%	$	4,493

Commission income decreased $0.2 million to $1.4 million for the current quarter, compared with $1.6 million in the prior year period. The decrease in commission income is primarily a result of lower premiums in our Automobile line of business, which has decreased the fee income we receive from that business. This decrease is partially offset by the partnership distributions received from our 33% owned subsidiary, Southeast Catastrophe Consulting Company, which is accounted for as an equity method investment.

The increase in brokerage revenue is driven by the increase in our homeowners reinsurance program, the type of reinsurance purchased and the commissions paid on these reinsurance agreements in 2017 as compared to 2016.

Expenses

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) increased $26.9 million, or 58.6%, to $72.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $46.0 million for the same three-month period last year.  Losses were impacted by claims, net of reinsurance, of $21.4 million related to Hurricane Irma across both of our insurance carriers.  The Company was also impacted by claims, net of reinsurance, of $5.5 million related to Hurricane Harvey in the Homeowners and Auto lines of businesses in Texas and Louisiana, $2.3 million of which is recoverable through a profit-share mechanism that is presented in commissions and other underwriting expenses.  The third quarter of 2016 included $4.0 million of losses related to Hurricane Hermine.  During the current quarter, we strengthened our 2017 net loss reserves by approximately $1.5 million in Homeowners in Florida, which increased our 2017 attritional loss ratio to 36.5%.  These impacts were offset by approximately $4.0 million of revenues in our managing general agent for catastrophe claims handling, which presents itself in the consolidated financial statements as lower net losses.  Approximately $2.5 million of the period over period increase stems from lower ceded losses in the third quarter of 2017 from the combination of the expiration of the retrospectively-rated 10% and 30% Florida-only property quota share treaties and the new 10% Florida-only property quota share treaty.  The remainder of the variance is primarily attributable to premium growth in the current quarter as compared to the third quarter of 2016.

- 34 -

Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses

The following table represents the commissions and other underwriting expenses detail for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Commissions and other underwriting expenses:
Homeowners/Fire Florida	$	14,707	$	13,700
All other lines of business		8,455		9,196
Ceded commissions		(5,387)		(5,156)
Total commissions and other fees		17,775		17,740
Salaries and wages		3,958		3,609
Other underwriting expenses		7,509		8,519
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	$	29,242	$	29,868

Commissions and other underwriting expenses decreased $0.7 million, or 2.1%, to $29.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $29.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.  Excluding the impact of Hurricane Harvey on the related profit-sharing provision, commissions and other underwriting expenses increased by $1.6 million over the prior year period due primarily to higher expense from the profit-sharing provision as a result of increased profitability in our homeowners’ Non-Florida business and incremental expenses in support of higher premiums.  

Income Taxes

Income taxes decreased $4.3 million, to a benefit of $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared with a tax expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.  

- 35 -

Operating Results Overview - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations or contain all of the information that may be important to our shareholders or the investing public. This overview should be read in conjunction with the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following table summarizes our unaudited results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		% Change	2016
	(In thousands)
Revenue:
Gross premiums written	$	469,525	0.2%	$	468,379
Gross premiums earned		451,320	9.3%		413,056
Ceded premiums		(211,005)	(7.7)%		(228,609)
Net premiums earned		240,315	30.3%		184,447
Net investment income		7,481	16.9%		6,398
Net realized investment gains		8,644	319.6%		2,060
Direct written policy fees		13,222	(1.7)%		13,445
Other income		14,511	8.9%		13,321
Total revenue		284,173	29.4%		219,671
Expenses:
Losses and LAE		181,657	43.9%		126,216
Commissions and other underwriting expenses		86,578	41.4%		61,232
General and administrative expenses		14,737	11.6%		13,211
Interest expense		247	(4.6)%		259
Total costs and expenses		283,219	41.0%		200,918
Income before income taxes		954	(94.9)%		18,753
Income taxes		350	(94.7)%		6,594
Net income		604	(95.0)%		12,159
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest		(1,975)	(926.4)%		239
Net income attributable to FNHC shareholders	$	2,579	(78.4)%	$	11,920
Ratios to net premiums earned:
Net loss ratio		75.6%			68.4%
Net expense ratio		42.2%			40.4%
Combined ratio		117.8%			108.8%

- 36 -

The following table summarizes our unaudited results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 by line of business.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017								2016
	Homeowners		Automobile		Other		Consolidated		Homeowners		Automobile		Other		Consolidated
		(in thousands)
Revenue:
Gross premiums written	$	414,256	$	37,089	$	18,180	$	469,525	$	393,847	$	56,208	$	18,324	$	468,379
Gross premiums earned		390,211		43,932		17,177		451,320		356,533		39,579		16,944		413,056
Ceded premiums		(172,391)		(30,292)		(8,322)		(211,005)		(189,977)		(31,479)		(7,153)		(228,609)
Net premiums earned		217,820		13,640		8,855		240,315		166,556		8,100		9,791		184,447
Net investment income		—		—		7,481		7,481		—		—		6,398		6,398
Net realized investment gains		—		—		8,644		8,644		—		—		2,060		2,060
Direct written policy fees		6,935		5,828		459		13,222		6,478		6,477		490		13,445
Other income		8,917		2,982		2,612		14,511		6,673		4,838		1,810		13,321
Total revenue		233,672		22,450		28,051		284,173		179,707		19,415		20,549		219,671
Costs and expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		159,497		18,093		4,067		181,657		111,211		7,227		7,778		126,216
Commissions and other underwriting expenses		72,742		10,126		3,710		86,578		49,517		8,282		3,433		61,232
General and administrative expenses		11,288		500		2,949		14,737		10,127		450		2,634		13,211
Interest expense		247		—		—		247		259		—		—		259
Total costs and expenses		243,774		28,719		10,726		283,219		171,114		15,959		13,845		200,918
(Loss) income before income taxes		(10,102)		(6,269)		17,325		954		8,593		3,456		6,704		18,753
Income taxes		(3,896)		(2,418)		6,664		350		3,316		1,332		1,946		6,594
Net (loss) income		(6,206)		(3,851)		10,661		604		5,277		2,124		4,758		12,159
Net (loss) income attributable to   noncontrolling interest		(1,975)		—		—		(1,975)		239		—		—		239
Net (loss) income attributable to   FNHC shareholders	$	(4,231)	$	(3,851)	$	10,661	$	2,579	$	5,038	$	2,124	$	4,758	$	11,920
Ratios to net premiums earned:
Net loss ratio		73.2%		132.6%		45.9%		75.6%		66.8%		89.2%		79.4%		68.4%
Net expense ratio		38.6%						42.2%		35.8%						40.4%
Combined ratio		111.8%						117.8%		102.6%						108.8%

Revenue

Total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $284.2 million increased $64.5 million, or 29.4%, compared to total revenue of $219.7 million in the same nine-month period of 2016, due primarily to higher earned premiums and lower ceded premiums as described below.

Gross Premiums Written

The following table represents the gross premiums written detail by line of business for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Gross premiums written:
Homeowners/Fire Florida	$	373,875	$	367,809
Homeowners/Fire non-Florida		40,381		26,038
Automobile		37,089		56,208
Commercial general liability		8,768		10,493
Federal flood		9,412		7,831
Total gross premiums written	$	469,525	$	468,379

Gross written premiums increased $1.1 million, or 0.2%, to $469.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $468.4 million for the same period last year. The slight increase predominantly reflects market share growth in Homeowners, which increased $20.5 million, or 5.2%, to $414.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $393.8 million for the same nine-month period last year. The Homeowners market share growth is partially offset by the $19.1 million decrease in gross written premiums for our Automobile line of business to $37.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $56.2 million in the prior year period. The Automobile decrease was due to management actions to reduce the size of our overall program. 

- 37 -

Gross Premiums Earned

The following table represents the gross premiums earned detail by line of business for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Gross premiums earned:
Homeowners/Fire Florida	$	359,147	$	336,037
Homeowners/Fire non-Florida		31,064		20,496
Automobile		43,932		39,579
Commercial general liability		9,339		10,327
Federal flood		7,838		6,617
Total gross premiums earned	$	451,320	$	413,056

Gross premiums earned increased $38.2 million, or 9.3%, to $451.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $413.1 million for the same period last year, driven by higher gross premiums earned in Homeowners spanning all states and, to a lesser extent, Automobile.

Ceded Premiums

Ceded premiums decreased by $17.6 million, or 7.7%, to $211.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $228.6 million in the same period last year. The decrease in ceded premiums earned was driven by the expiration of the 30% Florida-only property quota share treaty, which ended on July 1, 2016.  The effect of this expiration was partially offset by additional excess-of-loss reinsurance costs purchased and recognized during the respective periods and the new 10% Florida-only property quota share treaty, which became effective on July 1, 2017.  

Net Investment Income

Net investment income increased $1.1 million, or 16.9%, to $7.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $6.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.  This increase was primarily driven by growth in our fixed income portfolio. In addition, the yield on our fixed income portfolio increased as a result of portfolio repositioning during the first quarter of 2017, particularly the sale of tax-free municipal bonds, the proceeds of which were reinvested in taxable municipal and corporate fixed income securities with higher coupon rates.  A portion of the increase in net investment income will be offset by higher federal income taxes, given that going forward a lower percentage of our investment income originates from tax-free securities. 

Net Realized Investment Gains

Net realized investment gains increased $6.5 million, to $8.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $2.1 million in the same period in 2016. This increase was driven by a decision to re-deploy approximately $30.6 million of equities into fixed-income securities during the quarter in order to reduce the Company’s exposure to the equity markets, which allowed us to realize $5.6 million.  Additionally, during the first half of 2017, we redistributed a portion of our equity portfolio between our investment managers, which yielded $2.8 million of realized gains.

- 38 -

Other Income

Other income increased $1.2 million, or 8.9%, to $14.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $13.3 million in the same period in 2016. The following table represents the other income detail as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		% Change	2016
	(In thousands)
Other income:
Commission income	$	5,327	(16.5)%	$	6,376
Brokerage		7,503	41.6%		5,299
Finance		1,681	2.1%		1,646
Total other income	$	14,511	8.9%	$	13,321

Commission income decreased $1.1 million to $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $6.4 million in the prior year period. The decrease in commission income is primarily a result of lower premiums in our Automobile line of business, which has decreased the fee income we receive from that business. This decrease is partially offset by the partnership distributions received from our 33% owned subsidiary, Southeast Catastrophe Consulting Company, which is accounted for as an equity method investment.

The increase in brokerage revenue is driven by the increase in our homeowners reinsurance program, the type of reinsurance purchased and the commissions paid on these reinsurance agreements in 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016.

Expenses

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) increased $55.5 million, or 43.9%, to $181.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $126.2 million for the same nine-month period last year.  Losses were impacted by claims, net of reinsurance, of $21.4 million related to Hurricane Irma from both of our insurance carriers. Additionally, the Company was also impacted by claims, net of reinsurance, of $13.1 million related to Hurricane Harvey,  rainstorms, tornados, and other severe weather events during the period in the states of Florida, Louisiana and Texas in the Homeowners and Auto lines of businesses. The Company experienced adverse development, net of reinsurance, of $3.4 million primarily in Homeowners. Salaries and wages from our claims department also increased by $3.3 million in the current period as compared to the prior year period. These impacts were offset by approximately $4.0 million of revenues in our managing general agent for catastrophe claims handling, which presents itself in the consolidated financial statements as lower net losses.  These increased losses were lower than the elevated level of losses in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to Homeowners’ adverse development and the impact of severe weather events. Approximately $15 million of the period over period increase stems from lower ceded losses in the first nine months of the year from the combination of the expiration of the retrospectively-rated 10% and 30% Florida-only property quota share treaties and the new 10% Florida-only property quota share treaty.    The remainder of the variance is primarily attributable to premium growth and higher attritional loss ratios in Automobile in 2017 as compared to the prior year period.

During the second quarter of 2017, we reclassified $3.5 million of net reserves related to our commercial general liability business, which resides in the Other line of business, to Homeowners.  This movement was a direct result of reassessing our reserves at a line of business level.  Previously, we assessed the adequacy of our loss reserves on a consolidated company basis.  This reclassification had no impact on net income on a consolidated basis and no impact to overall consolidated net loss reserves.

- 39 -

Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses

The following table represents the commissions and other underwriting expenses detail for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
	(In thousands)
Commissions and other underwriting expenses:
Homeowners/Fire Florida	$	43,171	$	39,725
All other lines of business		25,189		22,218
Ceded commissions		(15,083)		(32,944)
Total commissions and other fees		53,277		28,999
Salaries and wages		11,361		10,418
Other underwriting expenses		21,940		21,815
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	$	86,578	$	61,232

Commissions and other underwriting expenses increased $25.4 million, or 41.4%, to $86.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $61.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase is due primarily to a reduction in ceded commissions as a result of the termination of our retrospectively-rated 30% Florida-only property quota share treaty on July 1, 2016 as well as an increase in gross premiums earned in the Homeowners line of business as discussed above.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $1.5 million, or 11.6%, to $14.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $13.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase is primarily driven by  an increase in legal and professional fees, which includes audit, tax and actuarial fees.

Income Taxes

Income taxes decreased $6.2 million, or 94.7%, to $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared with $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of funds are net premiums, investment income, commission income and fee income. Our primary uses of funds are the payment of claims and operating expenses. As of September 30, 2017, the Company held $443.3 million in investments. Cash and cash equivalents increased $6.9 million, to $81.5 million as of September 30, 2017, compared with $74.6 million as of December 31, 2016. Total shareholders’ equity decreased $9.1 million, to $228.8 million as of September 30, 2017, compared with $237.9 million as of December 31, 2016.  

Statutory Capital and Surplus of our Insurance Subsidiaries

As described more fully in “Item 1. Description of Business—Regulation,” the Company’s insurance operations are subject to the laws and regulations of the states in which we operate.  The Florida OIR and their regulatory counterparts in other states utilize the National Association of Insurance Commissions (“NAIC”) risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements, and the resulting RBC ratio, as a key metric in the exercise of their regulatory oversight.  The RBC ratio is a measure of the sufficiency of an insurer’s statutory capital and surplus.  In addition, the RBC ratio is used by insurance industry ratings services in the determination of the financial strength ratings (i.e. claims paying ability) they assign to insurance companies.  At December 31, 2016, FNIC’s statutory surplus was $140.7 million and its RBC ratio was 307.5%.  As a result of continued elevated claims experience from AOB and the impact of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma during the third quarter of 2017, the statutory capital of FNIC has declined to approximately $124.2 million.  The Company is currently evaluating capital management alternatives to ensure FNIC’s yearend 2017 statutory surplus and RBC ratio are at levels necessary to meet the expectations of our regulators and of Demotech, our insurance industry ratings service.  Options under consideration include capital infusions to FNIC from our holding company as well as the potential for FNIC to enter additional quota-share reinsurance treaties.  Depending on the level of capital infusion needed, the Company may seek to raise additional capital, such as through the issuance of debt instruments at the holding company level or other alternatives as may be approved by the Company’s Board of Directors.  There can be no assurances, however, that any of those options will be available to the Company on terms deemed acceptable, if at all.

- 40 -

Cash Flows Discussion

We believe that existing cash and investment balances, when combined with anticipated cash flows as noted below, will be adequate to meet our expected liquidity needs in both the short-term and the reasonably foreseeable future. We currently expect to continue declaring and paying dividends at comparable levels, subject to our future liquidity needs and reserve requirements. Subject to the Company’s compliance with its capital requirements described above, the Company may consider various opportunities for deploying its capital, including repurchases of its common stock if such repurchases represent a more favorable use of available capital.  Any future growth strategies may require external financing.  We cannot assure that additional sources of financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, or that any such financing would not negatively impact our results of operations.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased to $42.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $99.3 million in the same period in 2016. This decrease primarily reflects the decreases in reinsurance recoverable, unearned premiums, and reinsurance payable, partly offset by an increase in loss and LAE reserves. 

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities of $22.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to purchases of debt and equity investment securities of $303.3 million, partly offset by sales, maturities and redemptions of our debt and equity investment securities of $280.8 million. Net cash used in investing activities of $38.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to purchases of debt and equity investment securities of $188.6 million, partly offset by sales, maturities and redemptions of our debt and equity investment securities of $151.9 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $12.5 million, primarily reflects repurchases of our common stock of $9.4 million and dividend payments of $3.2 million, representing a dividend of $0.08 per share, per quarter, declared in each of November 2017, June 2017, March 2017 and November 2016. Net cash used in financing activities of $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily reflects repurchases of our common stock of $5.5 million and dividend payments of $3.6 million, partially offset by tax benefits related to share-based compensation of $0.8 million.

Dividends and Common Stock Repurchases

In March 2017, our Board of Directors declared a $0.08 per common share dividend, paid in June 2017,  to shareholders of record on May 1, 2017, amounting to $1.1 million. In June 2017, our Board of Directors declared a $0.08 per common share dividend, paid in September 1, 2017 to shareholders of record on August 1, 2017, amounting to $1.1 million. In September 2017, our Board of Directors declared a $0.08 per common share dividend payable December 1, 2017, to shareholders of record on November 1, 2017. Based on the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2017, the anticipated cash outflow would be $1.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2017. We currently expect to continue to declare and pay quarterly dividends of similar amounts.

In November 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase shares of common stock of FNHC, at such times and at prices as management determines advisable, up to an aggregate of $10.0 million through March 1, 2017. In March 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $10 million share buyback program to repurchase shares of common stock through March 31, 2018. This program may be modified, suspended or terminated by us at any time without notice. Common stock repurchases are conducted in the open market or under Rule 10b5-1 trading plans from time to time in its discretion, based on ongoing assessments of the Company’s capital needs, the market price of its common stock and general market conditions. The amount and timing of all repurchase transactions are contingent upon market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors.

During the first nine months of 2017, we repurchased 0.6 million shares of common stock for $9.4 million, including commissions. As of September 30, 2017, the remaining availability for future repurchases of our common stock was $2.0 million.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The consolidated financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Our primary assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or with the same magnitude as the inflationary effect on the cost of paying losses and LAE.

- 41 -

Insurance premiums are established before we know the amount of losses and LAE and the extent to which inflation may affect such expenses. Consequently, we attempt to anticipate the future impact of inflation when establishing rate levels. While we attempt to charge adequate premiums, we may be limited in raising premium levels for competitive and regulatory reasons. Inflation may also affect the market value of our investment portfolio and the investment rate of return. Any future economic changes that result in prolonged and increasing levels of inflation could cause increases in the dollar amount of incurred losses and LAE and thereby materially adversely affect future liability requirements.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements.

We believe our most critical accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements relate to: (i) fair value measurements of our investments, (ii) investments, (iii) premium and unearned premium calculation, (iv) reinsurance contracts, (v) the amount and recoverability of amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”), (vi) reserve for loss and LAE and (vii) income taxes.  The accounting estimates that result require the use of assumptions about certain matters that are highly uncertain at the time of estimation.  To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows would be affected.

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  Refer to Part II, Item 7: “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Estimates” included in our 2016 Form 10-K for a more complete description of our critical accounting estimates.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our investment objective is to maximize total rate of return after federal income taxes while maintaining liquidity and minimizing risk. Our current investment policy limits investment in non-investment-grade debt securities (including high-yield bonds), and limits total investments in preferred stock, common stock and mortgage notes receivable. We also comply with applicable laws and regulations that further restrict the type, quality and concentration of our investments. In general, these laws and regulations permit investments, within specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal, state and municipal obligations, corporate bonds, preferred and common equity securities and real estate mortgages.

Our investment policy is established by the Board of Directors Investment Committee and is reviewed on a regular basis. Pursuant to this investment policy, as of September 30, 2017,  approximately 97% of investments were in debt securities and cash and cash equivalents, which are considered to be either held until maturity or available-for-sale, based upon our estimates of required liquidity. Approximately 99% of the debt securities are considered available-for-sale and are marked to market. We may in the future consider additional debt securities to be held-to-maturity securities, which are carried at amortized cost. We do not use any swaps, options, futures or forward contracts to hedge or enhance our investment portfolio.

There have been no material changes to the Company’s exposures to market risks since December 31, 2016. Please refer to the 2016 Form 10-K for a complete discussion of the Company’s exposures to market risks.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of September 30, 2017. Based upon their evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of September 30, 2017, were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

- 42 -

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017  that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

- 43 -

Part II: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

The Company is a party to a Co-Existence Agreement effective as of August 30, 2013 (the “Co-Existence Agreement”) with Federated Mutual Insurance Company (“Mutual”) pursuant to which the Company has agreed to certain restrictions on its use of the word “FEDERATED” without the word “NATIONAL” when referring to FNHC and Federated National Insurance Company.  In response to Mutual’s allegations that the Company’s use of the word “FED” as part of the Company’s federally registered “FEDNAT” trademark infringes on Mutual’s federal and common law trademark rights, which the Company disputes, on July 21, 2016, the Company filed a declaratory judgment action for non-infringement of trademark in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida.  Specifically, the Company seeks a declaration that its federally registered trademark "FEDNAT" does not infringe any alleged trademark rights of Mutual and that Mutual does not own any trademark rights to the name or mark "FED" in connection with insurance services outside of Owatonna, Minnesota.  Mutual has initiated an arbitration proceeding before the American Arbitration Association (the “AAA”) in which it claims FNHC’s use of the mark “FEDNAT” violates Mutual’s trademark rights in the word “FEDERATED.”  An arbitrator has been selected, and discovery is ongoing.   FNHC is vigorously defending against Mutual’s claims, although there can be no assurances as to the outcome of the arbitration proceeding.

On March 2, 2017, the Company filed a complaint in Broward County, Florida court to enforce the terms of the restrictive covenants set forth in the Amended and Restated Non-Competition, Non-Disclosure and Non-Solicitation Agreement dated August 5, 2013, as amended, entered into between Peter J. Prygelski, III and the Company during Mr. Prygelski’s employment with the Company and set forth in the separation agreement he entered into in connection with his separation from the Company.  The Company believes that he accepted employment with a competitor in contravention of these restrictive covenants. The parties have each filed claims in arbitration, which remain pending, along with litigation seeking injunctive relief.  Because of the relatively early stage of this matter, there can be no assurances as to its outcome. 

Refer to Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Part I, “Financial Statements” for further information about legal proceedings.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K.  Please refer to that section for disclosures regarding what we believe are the most significant risks and uncertainties related to our business.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. The following tables set forth information with respect to purchases of shares of our common stock made during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 by or on behalf of FNHC. All purchases were made in the open market or under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act.

				Total Number of	Approximate Dollar
	Total Number	Average		Shares Purchased	Value of Shares That
	of Shares	Price Paid		as Part of Publicly	May Yet Be Purchased
	Repurchased	Per Share		Announced Plans	Under the Plans (1)
July 2017	79,312	$	15.61	79,312		2,080,274
August 2017	5,133	$	15.64	5,133		2,000,009
September 2017	—	$	—	—		2,000,009

(1) In March 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $10 million share buyback program to repurchase shares of common stock through March 31, 2018.As of September 30, 2017, the remaining availability for future repurchases of our common stock was $2.0 million.

Item 3.  Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

- 44 -

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information

None.

- 45 -

Item 6.  Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
10.1	FHCF Supplement Layer Reinsurance Contract, effective June 1, 2017, between Federated National Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers*
10.2	Multi-Year Excess Catastrophe Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2017, between Federated National Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers*
10.3	Non-Florida Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2017, between Federated National Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers*
10.4	Non-Florida Reinstatement Premium Protection Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2017, between Federated National Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers*
10.5	Reinstatement Premium Protection Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2017, between Federated National Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers*
10.6	Underlying Excess Catastrophe Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2017, between Federated National Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers*
10.7	Excess Catastrophe Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2017, between Federated National Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers*
10.8	Net Quota Share Reinsurance Agreement, effective July 1, 2017, between Federated National Insurance Company and Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation*
10.9	Administrator Agreement, effective July 1, 2013, between Federated National Insurance Company and SageSure Insurance Managers LLC, as amended*
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act**
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act**
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act**
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act**
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document***
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document***
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document***
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document***
101.PRE	XBRLTaxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document***

________________________

*This exhibit, which is filed herewith, is subject to a confidential treatment request filed with the SEC.

**Filed herewith

*** In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be part of any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

- 46 -

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY
By:	/s/ Michael H. Braun
	Michael H. Braun, Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
	/s/ Ronald Jordan
	Ronald Jordan, Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: November 9, 2017

- 47 -