UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ý ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 |
| or |
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from _________ to _________.
Commission file number 001-34530
U.S. CONCRETE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 76-0586680 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |
331 N. Main Street, Euless, Texas 76039
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (817) 835-4105
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Common Stock, par value $.001 | The Nasdaq Capital Market | |
| (Title of class) | (Name of each exchange on which registered) | |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o | Smaller reporting company þ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act.) Yes o Noþ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by the court Yes þ No ¨
Aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant computed by reference to the last reported sale price of $5.00 of the registrant’s common stock as of June 30, 2012, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter: $66,924,226.
There were 13,337,194 shares of common stock, par value $.001 per share, of the registrant outstanding as of March 7, 2013.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement related to the registrant’s 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to Regulation 14A, under the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.
U.S. CONCRETE, INC.
FORM 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||
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Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
From time to time, our management or persons acting on our behalf make forward-looking statements to inform existing and potential security holders about our company. These statements may include projections and estimates concerning our business strategies, revenues, income, cash flows and capital requirements. Forward-looking statements generally use words such as “estimate," “project,” “predict,” “believe,” “may,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “forecast,” “budget,” “goal,” the negative of such words or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. In addition, sometimes we will specifically describe a statement as being a forward-looking statement and refer to this cautionary statement.
This report contains various statements, including those that express a belief, expectation or intention or those that are not statements of historical fact, that are forward-looking statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Those forward-looking statements appear in Item 1—“Business,” Item 2— “Properties,” Item 3—“Legal Proceedings,” Item 7—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” Item 7A—“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” Item 9A—“Controls and Procedures” and elsewhere in this report, including in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report. Those forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We disclaim any obligation to update those statements, except as applicable law may require us to do so, and we caution you not to rely unduly on them. We have based those forward-looking statements on our current expectations and assumptions about future events, which may prove to be inaccurate. While our management considers those expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those we discuss in this report under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and in other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. The factors we discuss in this report are not necessarily all the important factors that could affect us. Unpredictable or unknown factors we have not discussed in this report also could have material adverse effects on actual results of matters that are the subject of our forward-looking statements. We do not intend to update our description of important factors each time a potential important factor arises. We advise our existing and potential security holders that they should (1) be aware that important factors to which we do not refer in this report could affect the accuracy of our forward-looking statements and (2) use caution when considering our forward-looking statements.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
In this report, we refer to U.S. Concrete, Inc. and its subsidiaries as “we,” “us,” "the Company," or “U.S. Concrete,” unless we specifically state otherwise or the context indicates otherwise. U.S. Concrete, Inc. is a Delaware corporation which was incorporated in 1997. We began operations in 1999, which is the year we completed our initial public offering.
General
We are a major producer of ready-mixed concrete in select markets in the United States. We operate our business through two segments: our ready-mixed concrete segment and our aggregate products segment. We are a leading producer of ready-mixed concrete in substantially all the markets in which we have operations. Ready-mixed concrete products are important building materials that are used in a vast majority of commercial, residential and public works construction projects.
All of our operations are in (and all of our sales are made within) the United States. We operate principally in Texas, California and New Jersey/New York, with those markets representing approximately 41%, 28%, and 18%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012. According to publicly available industry information, those states represented a total of 30% of the consumption of ready-mixed concrete in the United States in 2012 (Texas: 16%; California: 10%; and New Jersey/New York: 4%). Our total revenue from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $531.0 million, of which we derived approximately 89.2% from our ready-mixed concrete segment, 3.4% from our aggregate products segment and 7.4% from our other operations. For more information on our consolidated revenues and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and our consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, see our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
As of December 31, 2012, we had 101 fixed and 11 portable ready-mixed concrete plants and seven aggregates facilities. During 2012, these plants and facilities produced approximately 4.8 million cubic yards of ready-mixed concrete and 3.3 million tons of aggregates. We lease two other aggregates facilities to third parties and retain a royalty on production from those facilities.
On August 2, 2012, we executed a definitive asset purchase agreement to sell substantially all of the Company's California precast operations to Oldcastle Precast, Inc., or Oldcastle. The assets purchased by Oldcastle included certain facilities, fixed assets, and working capital items. The transaction was completed on August 20, 2012.
On September 14, 2012, we purchased four ready-mixed concrete plants and related assets and inventory from Colorado River Concrete L.P., Cindy & Robin Concrete, L.P. and E&R Artecona Family Limited Partnership; which we collectively refer to as CRC, in our west Texas market. The purchase of these assets allows us to expand our business in two of our major markets: west Texas and north Texas.
On October 30, 2012, we completed the acquisition of all the outstanding equity interests of Bode Gravel Co., a California subchapter S corporation, or Bode Gravel, and Bode Concrete LLC, a California limited liability company, or Bode Concrete, which we collectively refer to as the Bode Companies, pursuant to an equity purchase agreement, dated October 17, 2012. Bode Gravel and Bode Concrete operate two ready-mixed concrete plants, one new portable plant, and 41 mixer trucks in the San Francisco area and produced approximately 243,000 cubic yards of ready-mixed concrete in 2011.
On December 17, 2012, we completed the sale of substantially all of our assets associated with our Smith Precast operations, or Smith, located in Phoenix, Arizona, to Jensen Enterprises, Inc., dba Jensen Precast, or Jensen. The assets purchased by Jensen included certain facilities, fixed assets, and working capital items. In addition, Jensen assumed the obligations of a capital lease previously held by Smith.
Business Segments and Products
The sale of our California and Arizona precast operations during 2012 represented a disposal of a significant majority of our previously reported precast operating segment. These disposals were part of our strategy to become the premier focused domestic supplier of ready-mixed concrete in the United States. As such, during the fourth quarter of 2012, we made changes to better align our operating and reportable segments with our overall strategy and the manner in which we organize and manage our business. Our two reportable segments now consist of ready-mixed concrete and aggregate products as described below. Historical segment results have been reclassified to conform with these changes. We also engage in other operations not associated with a reportable
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segment, including our building materials stores, hauling operations, lime slurry, Aridus® rapid-drying concrete technology, brokered product sales, a recycled aggregates operation, and one remaining precast concrete plant in Pennsylvania.
Ready-Mixed Concrete
General
Our ready-mixed concrete segment engages principally in the formulation, preparation and delivery of ready-mixed concrete to the job sites of our customers. Ready-mixed concrete is a highly versatile construction material that results from combining coarse and fine aggregates, such as gravel, crushed stone and sand, with water, various chemical admixtures and cement. We also provide services intended to reduce our customers’ overall construction costs by lowering the installed, or “in-place,” cost of concrete. These services include the formulation of mixtures for specific design uses, on-site and lab-based product quality control, and customized delivery programs to meet our customers’ needs. We generally do not provide paving or other finishing services, which construction contractors or subcontractors typically perform. We provide our ready-mixed concrete from our operations in north and west Texas, northern California, New Jersey, New York, Washington, D.C. and Oklahoma.
Products and Services
Our ready-mixed concrete products consist of proportioned mixes we prepare and deliver in an unhardened plastic state for placement and shaping into designed forms at the job site. Selecting the optimum mix for a job entails determining not only the ingredients that will produce the desired permeability, strength, appearance and other properties of the concrete after it has hardened and cured, but also the ingredients necessary to achieve a workable consistency considering the weather and other conditions at the job site. We believe we can achieve product differentiation for the mixes we offer because of the variety of mixes we can produce, our volume production capacity and our scheduling, delivery and placement reliability. Additionally, we believe our environmentally friendly concrete (EF Technology®) initiative, which utilizes alternative materials and mix designs that result in lower carbon dioxide, or CO2 emissions, helps differentiate us from our competitors. We also believe we distinguish ourselves with our value-added service approach that emphasizes reducing our customers’ overall construction costs by reducing the in-place cost of concrete and the time required for construction.
From a contractor’s perspective, the in-place cost of concrete includes both the amount paid to the ready-mixed concrete manufacturer and the internal costs associated with the labor and equipment the contractor provides. A contractor’s unit cost of concrete is often only a small component of the total in-place cost that takes into account all the labor and equipment costs required to build the forms for the ready-mixed concrete and place and finish the ready-mixed concrete, including the cost of additional labor and time lost as a result of substandard products or delivery delays not covered by warranty or insurance. By carefully designing proper mixes and using advances in mixing technology, we can assist our customers in reducing the amount of reinforcing steel, time and labor they will require in various applications.
We provide a variety of services in connection with our sale of ready-mixed concrete that can help reduce our customers’ in-place cost of concrete. These services include:
| • | production of formulations and alternative product recommendations that reduce labor and materials costs; |
| • | quality control, through automated production and laboratory testing, that ensures consistent results and minimizes the need to correct completed work; and |
| • | automated scheduling and tracking systems that ensure timely delivery and reduce the downtime incurred by the customer’s placing and finishing crews. |
We produce ready-mixed concrete by combining the desired type of cement, other cementitious materials (described below), sand, gravel and crushed stone with water and, typically, one or more admixtures. These admixtures, such as chemicals, minerals and fibers, determine the usefulness of the product for particular applications.
We use a variety of chemical admixtures to achieve one or more of five basic purposes:
| • | relieve internal pressure and increase resistance to cracking in subfreezing weather; |
| • | retard the hardening process to make concrete more workable in hot weather; |
| • | strengthen concrete by reducing its water content; |
| • | accelerate the hardening process and reduce the time required for curing; and |
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| • | facilitate the placement of concrete having low water content. |
We frequently use various mineral admixtures as supplements to cement, which we refer to as cementitious materials, to alter the permeability, strength and other properties of concrete. These materials include fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume and other natural pozzolans. These materials also reduce the amount of cement content used which results in a reduction in CO2 emissions.
We also use fibers, such as steel, glass, synthetic and carbon filaments as additives in various formulations of concrete. Fibers help control shrinkage cracking, thus reducing permeability and improving abrasion resistance. In many applications, fibers can replace welded steel wire and reinforcing bars. Relative to the other components of ready-mixed concrete, these additives generate comparatively high margins.
Marketing and Sales
Our marketing efforts primarily target concrete sub-contractors, general contractors, governmental agencies, property owners and developers, and home builders whose focus extends beyond the price of ready-mixed concrete to product quality, on-time delivery and reduction of in-place costs.
General contractors typically select their suppliers of ready-mixed concrete. In large, complex projects, an engineering firm or division within a state transportation or public works department may influence the purchasing decision, particularly if the concrete has complicated design specifications. In connection with large, complex projects and in government-funded projects generally, the general contractor or project engineer usually awards supply orders on the basis of either direct negotiation or a competitive bidding process. We believe the purchasing decision for many jobs ultimately is relationship-based.
Our marketing and sales strategy emphasizes the sale of value-added products and solutions to customers more focused on reducing their in-place building material costs than on the price per cubic yard of ready-mixed concrete. Key elements of our customer-focused approach include:
| • | corporate-level marketing and sales expertise; |
| • | technical service expertise to develop innovative new branded products; and |
| • | training programs that emphasize successful marketing and sales techniques that focus on the sale of high-margin concrete mix designs. |
We have also formed a strategic alliance to provide alternative solutions for designers and contractors by using value-added concrete products. Through this alliance, we offer color-conditioned, fiber-reinforced, steel-reinforced and high-performance concrete and utilize software technology that can be used to design buildings constructed of reinforced concrete.
Operations
Our ready-mixed concrete plants consist of fixed and portable facilities that produce ready-mixed concrete in wet or dry batches. Our fixed-plant facilities produce ready-mixed concrete that we transport to job sites by mixer trucks. Our portable plant operations deploy our 11 portable plant facilities to produce ready-mixed concrete at the job site that we direct into place using a series of conveyor belts or a mixer truck. We use our portable plants to service high-volume projects or projects in remote locations. Several factors govern the choice of plant type, including:
| • | production consistency requirements; |
| • | daily production capacity requirements; |
| • | job site proximity to fixed plants; and |
| • | capital and financing. |
Generally, we construct wet batch plants to serve markets that we expect to have consistently high demand, as opposed to dry batch plants that will serve those markets that we expect will have a less consistent demand. A wet batch plant generally has a higher initial cost and daily operating expenses, but (i) yields greater consistency with less time required for quality control in the concrete produced, and (ii) generally has greater daily production capacity than a dry batch plant. We believe that construction of a wet batch plant having an hourly capacity of 250 cubic yards currently would cost approximately $1.6 million, while a dry
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batch plant having an hourly capacity of 150 cubic yards currently would cost approximately $0.7 million. As of December 31, 2012, our batch plants included 17 wet batch plants and 95 dry batch plants.
Our batch operator at a dry batch plant simultaneously loads the dry components of stone, sand and cement with water and admixtures in a mixer truck that begins the mixing process during loading and completes that process while driving to the job site. In a wet batch plant, the batch operator blends the dry components and water in a plant mixer from which an operator loads the already mixed concrete into a mixer truck, which leaves for the job site promptly after loading.
Any future decisions we make regarding the construction of additional plants will be impacted by market factors, including:
| • | the expected production demand for the plant; |
| • | capital and financing; |
| • | the expected types of projects the plant will service; and |
| • | the desired location of the plant. |
Mixer trucks slowly rotate their loads en route to job sites in order to maintain product consistency. Our mixer trucks typically have load capacities of 10 cubic yards, or approximately 20 tons, and an estimated useful life of 12 years. A new truck of this size currently costs between $160,000 and $225,000, depending on the geographic location and design specifications. Depending on the type of batch plant from which the mixer trucks generally are loaded, some components of the mixer trucks usually require refurbishment after three to five years. As of December 31, 2012, we operated a fleet of over 900 owned and leased mixer trucks, which had an average age of approximately ten years.
In our ready-mixed concrete operations, we emphasize quality control, pre-job planning, customer service and coordination of supplies and delivery. We obtain orders for ready-mixed concrete in advance of actual delivery. A typical order contains specifications the contractor requires the concrete to meet. After receiving the specifications for a particular job, we use computer modeling, industry information and information from previous similar jobs to formulate a variety of mixtures of cement, aggregates, water and admixtures which meet or exceed the contractor’s specifications. We perform testing to determine which mix design is most appropriate to meet the required specifications. The test results enable us to select the mixture that has the lowest cost and meets or exceeds the job specifications. The testing center creates and maintains a project file that details the mixture we will use when we produce the concrete for the job. For quality control purposes, the testing center also is responsible for maintaining batch samples of concrete we have delivered to a job site.
We use computer modeling to prepare bids for particular jobs based on the size of the job, location, desired margin, cost of raw materials and the design mixture identified in our testing process. If the job is large enough and has a projected duration beyond the supply arrangement in place at that time, we obtain quotes from our suppliers as to the cost of raw materials we use in preparing the bid. Once we obtain a quotation from our suppliers, the price of the raw materials for the specified job is informally established. Several months may elapse from the time a contractor has accepted our bid until actual delivery of the ready-mixed concrete begins. During this time, we maintain regular communication with the contractor concerning the status of the job and any changes in the job’s specifications in order to coordinate the multisourced purchases of cement and other materials we will need to fill the job order and meet the contractor’s delivery requirements. We confirm that our customers are ready to take delivery of manufactured products throughout the placement process. On any given day, one of our plants may have production orders for dozens of customers at various locations throughout its area of operation. To fill an order:
| • | the customer service office coordinates the timing and delivery of the concrete to the job site; |
| • | a load operator supervises and coordinates the receipt of the necessary raw materials and operates the hopper that dispenses those materials into the appropriate storage bins; |
| • | a batch operator, using a computerized batch panel, prepares the specified mixture from the order and oversees the loading of the mixer truck with either dry ingredients and water in a dry batch plant or the premixed concrete in a wet batch plant; and |
| • | the driver of the mixer truck delivers the load to the job site, discharges the load and, after washing the truck, departs at the direction of the dispatch office. |
Our central dispatch system, where available, tracks the status of each mixer truck as to whether a particular truck is:
| • | loading concrete; |
| • | en route to a particular job site; |
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| • | on the job site; |
| • | discharging concrete; |
| • | being rinsed down; or |
| • | en route to a particular plant. |
The system is updated continuously on the trucks’ status via signals received from sensors. In this manner, the dispatcher can determine the optimal routing and timing of subsequent deliveries by each mixer truck and monitor the performance of each driver.
Our plant managers oversee the operations of each of our plants. Our operational employees also include:
| • | maintenance personnel who perform routine maintenance work throughout our plants; |
| • | mechanics who perform the maintenance and repair work on our rolling stock; |
| • | testing center staff who prepare mixtures for particular job specifications and maintain quality control; |
| • | various clerical personnel who perform administrative tasks; and |
| • | sales personnel who are responsible for identifying potential customers and maintaining existing customer relationships. |
We generally operate each of our plants on an extended single shift, with some overtime operation during the year. On occasion, however, we may have projects that require deliveries around the clock.
Aggregate Products
Our aggregate products segment produces crushed stone, sand and gravel from seven aggregates facilities located in New Jersey and Texas. We sell these aggregates for use in commercial, industrial and public works projects in the markets they serve, as well as consume them internally in the production of ready-mixed concrete in those markets. We produced approximately 3.3 million tons of aggregates in 2012 from these facilities with Texas producing 48% and New Jersey 52% of that total production. We believe our aggregates reserves provide us with additional raw materials sourcing flexibility and supply availability, although they provide us with a minimal supply of our annual consumption of aggregates. In addition, we have agreements to lease our sand pit operations in Michigan and one quarry in West Texas for which we receive a royalty based on the volume of product produced and sold during the terms of the leases.
For financial information regarding our reporting segments, see Note 20 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
Industry Overview
Concrete has many attributes that make it a highly versatile construction material. In recent years, industry participants have developed various uses for concrete products, including:
| • | high-strength engineered concrete to compete with steel-frame construction; |
| • | concrete housing; |
| • | flowable fill for backfill applications; |
| • | continuous-slab rail-support systems for rapid transit and heavy-traffic rail lines; and |
| • | concrete bridges, tunnels and other structures for rapid transit systems. |
Other examples of successful innovations that have opened new markets for concrete include:
| • | sustainable construction; |
| • | asphalt pavement with concrete, or “white topping”; |
| • | paved shoulders to replace less permanent and increasingly costly asphalt shoulders; |
| • | pervious concrete parking lots for water drainage management, as well as providing a long-lasting and aesthetically pleasing urban environment; and |
| • | colored pavements to mark entrance and exit ramps and lanes of expressways. |
Based on information from the National Ready-Mixed Concrete Association, or NRMCA, we estimate that, in addition to vertically integrated manufacturers of cement and aggregates, independent ready-mixed concrete producers currently operate
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approximately 4,500 plants in the United States. Larger markets generally have several producers competing for business on the basis of product quality, service, on-time delivery and price.
Annual usage of ready-mixed concrete in the United States dropped significantly in 2010 and 2011 from its “near record” 2006 level but showed a strong rebound during 2012 with construction activity on the rise. According to information available from the NRMCA, total volumes (measured in cubic yards) from the production and delivery of ready-mixed concrete in the United States over the past three years were as follows (in millions of cubic yards):
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||
| Total ready-mixed volumes | 290 | 265 | 258 | ||||||
According to recently published McGraw-Hill Construction data, the four major segments of the construction industry accounted for the following approximate percentages of the total volume of ready-mixed concrete produced in the United States in the past three years were as follows:
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||
| Commercial and industrial construction | 15 | % | 14 | % | 14 | % | |||
| Residential construction | 16 | % | 13 | % | 13 | % | |||
| Street and highway construction and paving | 25 | % | 28 | % | 28 | % | |||
| Other public works and infrastructure construction | 44 | % | 45 | % | 45 | % | |||
Barriers to the start-up of new ready-mixed concrete manufacturing operations have been increasing. During the past decade, public concerns about dust, process water runoff, noise and heavy mixer and other truck traffic associated with the operation of these types of plants and their general appearance have made obtaining the permits and licenses required for new plants more difficult. Delays in the regulatory process, coupled with the capital investment that start-up operations entail, have raised the barriers to entry for those operations.
For a discussion of the general seasonality of the construction industry, see Item 1A — “Risk Factors – Our operating results may vary significantly from one reporting period to another and may be adversely affected by the seasonal and cyclical nature of the markets we serve” and Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this report.
Cement and Other Raw Materials
We obtain most of the materials necessary to manufacture ready-mixed concrete on a daily basis. These materials include cement, other cementitious materials (fly ash, blast furnace slag) and aggregates (stone, gravel and sand), in addition to certain chemical admixtures. With the exception of chemical admixtures, each plant typically maintains an inventory level of these materials sufficient to satisfy its operating needs for a few days. Our inventory levels do not decline significantly or comparatively with declines in revenue during seasonally low periods. We generally maintain inventory at specified levels to maximize purchasing efficiencies and to be able to respond quickly to customer demand.
Typically, cement, other cementitious materials and aggregates represent the highest-cost materials used in manufacturing a cubic yard of ready-mixed concrete. We purchase cement from a few suppliers in each of our major geographic markets. Chemical admixtures are generally purchased from suppliers under national purchasing agreements.
Overall, prices for cement and aggregates increased in 2012, compared to 2011, in most of our major geographic markets. Generally, we negotiate with suppliers on a company-wide basis and at the local market level to obtain the most competitive pricing available for cement and aggregates. Demand for cement is increasing and will warrant scrutiny as construction activity picks up. Today, in most of our markets, we believe there is an adequate supply of cement and aggregates. We experienced slightly increased fuel costs during 2012, although we were able to effectively mitigate these fuel costs with higher prices for our products.
We recognize the value in advocating green building and construction as part of our strategy. We initiated EF Technology®, our commitment to environmentally friendly concrete technologies that significantly reduce potential carbon dioxide, or CO2,
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emissions. Our EF Technology® ready-mixed concrete products replace a portion of traditional raw materials with reclaimed fly ash, slag and other materials. This results in an environmentally superior and sustainable alternative to traditional ready-mixed concrete. We believe EF Technology® reduces greenhouse gases and landfill space consumption and produces a highly durable product. Customers can also receive Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, or LEED, credits for the use of this technology. We believe our use of this technology creates a competitive advantage over smaller concrete producers and larger vertically integrated aggregate and cement companies that may not focus on this as a first solution. We are positioned to take advantage of the growing demand for these products which could expand our operating margins as they are a lower cost alternative to cement. We are also a supporter of the NRMCA Green-Star program, a plant-specific certification that utilizes an environmental management system based on a model of continual improvement.
Customers
Of our 2012 revenue, commercial and industrial construction contractors represented approximately 52%, residential construction contractors represented approximately 20% and street and highway construction contractors and other public works represented approximately 28%. In 2012, no single customer or project accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue.
We rely heavily on repeat customers. Our management and sales personnel are responsible for developing and maintaining successful long-term relationships with our key customers.
Competition
The ready-mixed concrete industry is highly competitive. Our competitive position in a market depends largely on the location and operating costs of our plants and prevailing prices in that market. Price is the primary competitive factor among suppliers for small or less complex jobs, principally in residential construction. However, timeliness of delivery and consistency of quality and service, along with price, are the principal competitive factors among suppliers for large or complex jobs. Our competitors range from small, owner-operated private companies to subsidiaries or operating units of large, vertically integrated manufacturers of cement and aggregates. Our vertically integrated competitors generally have greater financial and marketing resources than we have, providing them with a competitive advantage. Competitors having lower operating costs than we do or having the financial resources to enable them to accept lower margins than we do will have a competitive advantage over us for jobs that are particularly price-sensitive. Competitors having greater financial resources or less financial leverage than we do may be able to invest more in new mixer trucks, ready-mixed concrete plants and other production equipment or pay for acquisitions which could provide them a competitive advantage over us. See Item 1A – “Risk Factors – We may lose business to competitors who underbid us, and we may be otherwise unable to compete favorably in our highly competitive industry.”
Employees
As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately 398 salaried employees, including executive officers and management, sales, technical, administrative and clerical personnel, and approximately 1,456 hourly personnel. The number of employees fluctuates depending on the number and size of projects ongoing at any particular time, which may be impacted by variations in weather conditions throughout the year.
As of December 31, 2012, approximately 606 of our employees were represented by labor unions having collective bargaining agreements with us. Generally, these agreements have multi-year terms and expire on a staggered basis between 2013 and 2016. Under these agreements, we pay specified wages to covered employees and in most cases make payments to multi-employer pension plans and employee benefit trusts rather than administering the funds on behalf of these employees.
We have not experienced any strikes or significant work stoppages in the past five years. We believe our relationships with our employees and union representatives are very good.
Training and Safety
Our future success will depend, in part, on the extent to which we can attract, retain and motivate qualified employees. We believe that our ability to do so will depend, in part, on providing a work environment that allows employees the opportunity to develop and maximize their capabilities. We require all field employees to attend periodic safety training meetings and all drivers to participate in training seminars. We employ a national safety director whose responsibilities include managing and executing
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a unified, company-wide safety program. Employee development and safety are criteria used in evaluating performance in our annual incentive plan for salaried employees.
Governmental Regulation and Environmental Matters
A wide range of federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations apply to our operations, including the following matters:
| • | land usage; |
| • | street and highway usage; |
| • | noise levels; and |
| • | health, safety and environmental matters. |
In many instances, we are required to have various certificates, permits or licenses to conduct our business. Our failure to maintain these required authorizations or to comply with applicable laws or other governmental requirements could result in substantial fines or possible revocation of our authority to conduct some of our operations. Delays in obtaining approvals for the transfer or grant of authorizations, or failures to obtain new authorizations, could impede acquisition efforts.
Environmental laws that impact our operations include those relating to air quality, solid waste management and water quality. These laws are complex and subject to frequent change. They impose strict liability in some cases without regard to negligence or fault. Sanctions for noncompliance may include revocation of permits, corrective action orders, administrative or civil penalties and criminal prosecution. Some environmental laws provide for joint and several strict liability for remediation of spills and releases of hazardous substances. In addition, businesses may be subject to claims alleging personal injury or property damage as a result of alleged exposure to hazardous substances, as well as damage to natural resources. These laws also may expose us to liability for the conduct of or conditions caused by others, or for acts that complied with all applicable laws when performed.
We have conducted Phase I environmental site assessments, which are non-intrusive investigations conducted to evaluate the potential for significant on-site environmental impacts, on substantially all the real properties we own or lease and have engaged independent environmental consulting firms to complete those assessments. We have not identified any environmental concerns associated with those properties that we believe are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows, but we can provide no assurance material liabilities will not occur. In addition, we can provide no assurance that our compliance with amended, new or more stringent laws, stricter interpretations of existing laws or the future discovery of environmental conditions will not require additional, material expenditures.
We believe we have all material permits and licenses we need to conduct our operations and are in substantial compliance with applicable regulatory requirements relating to our operations. Our capital expenditures relating to environmental matters were not material in 2012. We currently do not anticipate any material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows as a result of our future compliance with existing environmental laws controlling the discharge of materials into the environment.
On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The legislation, among other matters, requires mining companies to provide specific detailed information on health and safety violations on a mine-by-mine basis. The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in exhibit 99.1 to this annual report.
Product Warranties
Our operations involve providing ready-mixed concrete that must meet building code or other regulatory requirements and contractual specifications for durability, stress-level capacity, weight-bearing capacity and other characteristics. If we fail or are unable to provide products meeting these requirements and specifications, material claims may arise against us and our reputation could be damaged. In the past, we have had significant claims of this kind asserted against us that we have resolved. There currently are, and we expect that in the future there will be, additional claims of this kind asserted against us. If a significant product-related claim is resolved against us in the future, that resolution may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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Insurance
Our employees perform a significant portion of their work moving and storing large quantities of heavy raw materials, driving large mixer and other trucks in heavy traffic conditions and delivering concrete at construction sites or in other areas that may be hazardous. These operating hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, damage to or destruction of properties and equipment and environmental damage. We maintain insurance coverage in amounts and against the risks we believe are in accord with industry practice, but this insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities we may incur in our operations, and we may be unable to maintain insurance of the types or at levels we deem necessary or adequate or at rates we consider reasonable. For additional discussion of our insurance programs, see Note 23 to our consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Available Information
Our web site address is www.us-concrete.com. We make available on this web site under the “investors” section, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file those materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Alternatively, the public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a Web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s web site address is www.sec.gov.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following risk factors represent our current view of some of the most important risks facing our businesses and are important to understanding our business. The important factors, among others, sometimes have affected, or in the future could affect, our actual results and could cause our actual consolidated results during 2012, and beyond, to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. In addition, these risks and uncertainties could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and common stock price. This discussion includes a number of forward-looking statements. Please see “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” preceding Item 1 of this report.
Business Risks
Tightening of mortgage lending or mortgage financing requirements could adversely affect the residential construction market and prolong the downturn in, or further reduce, the demand for new home construction, which began in 2006 and has had a negative effect on our sales volumes and revenues.
Since 2006, the mortgage lending and mortgage finance industries experienced significant instability due to, among other things, defaults on subprime loans and adjustable rate mortgages. In light of these developments, lenders, investors, regulators and other third parties have questioned the adequacy of lending standards and other credit requirements for several loan programs made available to borrowers in recent years. This has led to reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities, reduced market values for those securities, tightened credit requirements, reduced liquidity, increased credit risk premiums and increased regulatory actions. Deterioration in credit quality among subprime and other loans has caused many lenders to eliminate subprime mortgages and other loan products that do not conform to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA or VA standards. While mortgage lending conditions have improved since 2010, fewer loan products and tighter loan qualifications in turn continue to make it more difficult for some categories of borrowers to finance the purchase of new homes. In general, these developments have been a significant factor in the downturn of, and have delayed any general improvement in, the housing market.
Approximately 20% of our 2012 revenue was from residential construction contractors. While mortgage lending conditions have slightly improved and lending volumes have increased since 2010, tightening of mortgage lending or mortgage financing requirements could adversely affect the availability to obtain credit for some borrowers, or reduce the demand for new home construction, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations in 2013. Another downturn in new home construction could also adversely affect our customers focused in this industry segment, possibly resulting in slower payments, higher default rates in our accounts receivable, and an overall increase in working capital.
There are risks related to our internal growth and operating strategy.
Our ability to generate internal growth will be affected by, among other factors, our ability to:
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| • | attract new customers; and |
| • | differentiate ourselves in a competitive market by emphasizing new product development and value added sales and marketing, hiring and retaining employees and reducing operating and overhead expenses. |
Our inability to achieve internal growth could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
One key component of our operating strategy is to operate our businesses on a decentralized basis, with local or regional management retaining responsibility for day-to-day operations, profitability and the internal growth of the individual business. If we do not implement and maintain proper overall business controls, this decentralized operating strategy could result in inconsistent operating and financial practices and our overall profitability could be adversely affected.
Our business is seasonal and subject to adverse weather.
Since our business is conducted outdoors, erratic weather patterns, seasonal changes and other weather-related conditions affect our business. Adverse weather conditions, including hurricanes and tropical storms, cold weather, snow, and heavy or sustained rainfall, reduce construction activity, restrict the demand for our products, and impede our ability to efficiently deliver concrete. Adverse weather conditions could also increase our costs and reduce our production output as a result of power loss, needed plant and equipment repairs, delays in obtaining permits, time required to remove water from flooded operations, and similar events. Severe drought conditions can restrict available water supplies and restrict production. Consequently, these events could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our operating results may vary significantly from one reporting period to another and may be adversely affected by the cyclical nature of the markets we serve.
The relative demand for our products is a function of the highly cyclical construction industry. As a result, our revenues may be adversely affected by declines in the construction industry generally and in our local markets. Our results also may be materially affected by:
| • | the level of residential and commercial construction in our regional markets, including reductions in the demand for new residential housing construction below current or historical levels; |
| • | the availability of funds for public or infrastructure construction from local, state and federal sources; |
| • | unexpected events that delay or adversely affect our ability to deliver concrete according to our customers’ requirements; |
| • | changes in interest rates and lending standards; |
| • | the changes in mix of our customers and business, which result in periodic variations in the margins of jobs performed during any particular quarter; |
| • | the timing and cost of acquisitions and difficulties or costs encountered when integrating acquisitions; |
| • | the budgetary spending patterns of customers; |
| • | increases in construction and design costs; |
| • | power outages and other unexpected delays; |
| • | our ability to control costs and maintain quality; |
| • | employment levels; and |
| • | regional or general economic conditions. |
As a result, our operating results in any particular quarter may not be indicative of the results that you can expect for any other quarter or for the entire year. Furthermore, negative trends in the ready-mixed concrete industry or in our geographic markets could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may lose business to competitors who underbid us, and we may be otherwise unable to compete favorably in our highly competitive industry.
Our competitive position in a given market depends largely on the location and operating costs of our plants and prevailing prices in that market. Generally, our products are price-sensitive. Our prices are subject to changes in response to relatively minor fluctuations in supply and demand, general economic conditions and market conditions, all of which are beyond our
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control. Because of the fixed-cost nature of our business, our overall profitability is sensitive to minor variations in sales volumes and small shifts in the balance between supply and demand. Price is the primary competitive factor among suppliers for small or less complex jobs, principally in residential construction. However, timeliness of delivery and consistency of quality and service, as well as price, are the principal competitive factors among suppliers for large or complex jobs. Concrete manufacturers like us generally obtain customer contracts through local sales and marketing efforts directed at general contractors, developers, governmental agencies and homebuilders. As a result, we depend on local relationships. We generally do not have long-term sales contracts with our customers.
Our competitors range from small, owner-operated private companies to subsidiaries or operating units of large, vertically integrated manufacturers of cement and aggregates. Our vertically integrated competitors generally have greater manufacturing, financial and marketing resources than we have, providing them with competitive advantages. Competitors having lower operating costs than we do or having the financial resources to enable them to accept lower margins than we do will have competitive advantages over us for jobs that are particularly price-sensitive. Competitors having greater financial resources or less financial leverage than we do to invest in new mixer trucks, build plants in new areas or pay for acquisitions also will have competitive advantages over us.
We depend on third parties for concrete equipment and supplies essential to operate our business.
We rely on third parties to sell or lease property, plant and equipment to us and to provide us with supplies, including cement and other raw materials, necessary for our operations. We cannot assure you that our favorable working relationships with our suppliers will continue in the future. Also, there have historically been periods of supply shortages in the concrete industry, particularly in a strong economy.
If we are unable to purchase or lease necessary properties or equipment, our operations could be severely impacted. If we lose our supply contracts and receive insufficient supplies from other third parties to meet our customers’ needs or if our suppliers experience price increases or disruptions to their business, such as labor disputes, supply shortages or distribution problems, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
In 2006, cement prices rose at rates similar to those experienced in 2005 and 2004, as a result of strong domestic consumption driven largely by historic levels of residential construction that did not abate until the second half of 2006. From 2007 through 2011, residential construction slowed significantly, which resulted in a decline in the demand for ready-mixed concrete. However, during 2012, residential construction and related demand for ready-mixed concrete improved for the first time since 2006. While cement prices increased in 2012 as a result of this increased demand, cement supplies were at levels that indicated a very low risk of cement shortages in our markets. Should demand increase substantially beyond our current expectations, we could experience shortages of cement in future periods, which could adversely affect our operating results, through both decreased sales and higher cost of raw materials.
The departure of key personnel could disrupt our business.
We depend on the efforts of our executive officers and, in many cases, on senior management of our businesses. Our success will depend on retaining our senior-level managers and officers. We need to insure that key personnel are compensated fairly and competitively to reduce the risk of departure of key personnel to our competitors or other industries. To the extent we are unable to attract or retain qualified management personnel, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. We do not carry key personnel life insurance on any of our employees.
We may be unable to attract and retain qualified employees.
Our ability to provide high-quality products and services on a timely basis depends on our success in employing an adequate number of skilled plant managers, technicians and drivers. Like many of our competitors, we experience shortages of qualified personnel from time to time. We may not be able to maintain an adequate skilled labor force necessary to operate efficiently and to support our growth strategy, and our labor expenses may increase as a result of a shortage in the supply of skilled personnel.
Collective bargaining agreements, work stoppages and other labor relations matters may result in increases in our operating costs, disruptions in our business and decreases in our earnings.
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As of December 31, 2012, approximately 33%, or 606, of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements, which expire between 2013 and 2016. Our inability to negotiate acceptable new contracts or extensions of existing contracts with these unions could cause work stoppages by the affected employees. In addition, any new contracts or extensions could result in increased operating costs attributable to both union and nonunion employees. If any such work stoppages were to occur, or if other of our employees were to become represented by a union, we could experience a significant disruption of our operations and higher ongoing labor costs, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Also, labor relations matters affecting our suppliers of cement and aggregates could adversely impact our business from time to time.
We contribute to 18 multiemployer pension plans. During 2006, the “Pension Protection Act of 2006” (the “PPA”) was signed into law. For multiemployer defined benefit plans, the PPA establishes new funding requirements or rehabilitation requirements, creates additional funding rules for plans that are in endangered or critical status, and introduces enhanced disclosure requirements to participants regarding a plan’s funding status. The Worker, Retiree and Employer Recovery Act of 2008 (the “WRERA”) was enacted in late 2008 and provided some funding relief to defined benefit plan sponsors affected by recent market conditions. The WRERA allowed multiemployer plan sponsors to elect to freeze their current funded status at the same funding status as the preceding plan year (for example, a calendar year plan that was not in critical or endangered status for 2008 was able to elect to retain that status for 2009), and sponsors of multiemployer plans in endangered or critical status in plan years beginning in 2008 or 2009 were allowed a three-year extension of funding improvement or rehabilitation plans (extended the timeline for these plans to accomplish their goals from 10 years to 13 years, or from 15 years to 18 years for seriously endangered plans). Additionally, if we were to withdraw partially or completely from any plan that is underfunded, we would be liable for a proportionate share of that plan’s unfunded vested benefits. Based on the information available from plan administrators, we believe that our portion of the contingent liability in the case of a full or partial withdrawal from or termination of several of these plans or the inability of plan sponsors to meet the funding or rehabilitation requirements would be material to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our overall profitability is sensitive to price changes and minor variations in sales volumes.
Generally, our products are price-sensitive. Prices for our products are subject to changes in response to relatively minor fluctuations in supply and demand, general economic conditions and market conditions, all of which are beyond our control. Because of the fixed-cost nature of our business, our overall profitability is sensitive to price changes and minor variations in sales volumes.
Instability in the financial and credit sectors may impact our business and financial condition in ways that we currently cannot predict.
Adverse or worsening economic trends could have a negative impact on our suppliers and our customers and their financial condition and liquidity, which could cause them to fail to meet their obligations to us and could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, income from operations and cash flows. The uncertainty and volatility of the financial and credit sectors could have further impacts on our business and financial condition that we currently cannot predict or anticipate.
Turmoil in the global financial system could have an impact on our business and our financial condition. Accordingly, our ability to access the capital markets could be restricted or be available only on unfavorable terms. Limited access to the capital markets could adversely impact our ability to take advantage of business opportunities or react to changing economic and business conditions and could adversely impact our ability to execute our long-term growth strategy. Ultimately, we could be required to reduce our future capital expenditures substantially. Such a reduction could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, income from operations and cash flows.
If one or more of the lenders under our senior secured credit facility were to become unable or unwilling to perform their obligations under that facility, our borrowing capacity could be reduced. Our inability to borrow additional amounts under our senior secured credit facility could limit our ability to fund our future operations and growth.
Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations.
As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately $55.0 million of outstanding senior indebtedness represented by our 9.5% Convertible Secured Notes due in 2015, or the Convertible Notes. During 2012, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, referred to as the 2012 Credit Agreement, which provides for an $80.0 million asset-based revolving
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credit facility, referred to as the 2012 Revolving Facility, which provides for aggregate borrowings up to $80.0 million. As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately $13.3 million million drawn under the 2012 Revolving Facility. As a result, we are a highly leveraged company. This level of indebtedness could have important consequences, including the following:
| • | it limits our ability to borrow money or sell stock to fund our working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and debt service requirements; |
| • | our interest expense could increase if interest rates in general increase because a portion of our indebtedness bears interest at floating rates; |
| • | it may limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and future business opportunities; |
| • | we are more highly leveraged than some of our competitors, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage; |
| • | it may make us more vulnerable to a downturn in our business or the economy; |
| • | the debt service requirements of our indebtedness could make it more difficult for us to make payments on the Convertible Notes; |
| • | a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations will be dedicated to the repayment of our indebtedness, including indebtedness we may incur in the future, and will not be available for other purposes; and |
| • | there would be a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition if we were unable to service our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, as needed. |
It is possible we may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in the future to allow us to service our debt, pay our other obligations as required and make necessary capital expenditures, in which case we may need to dispose of additional assets and/or minimize capital expenditures and/or try to raise additional financing. There is no assurance that any of these alternatives would be available to us, if at all, on satisfactory terms.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows to meet our debt service obligations.
Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash from our operations in the future. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control.
Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations and future sources of capital under the 2012 Revolving Facility, or otherwise may not be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, or to fund our other liquidity needs. If we complete an acquisition, our debt service requirements could increase. We may need to refinance or restructure all or a portion of our indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, on or before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including the 2012 Revolving Facility and the Convertible Notes, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take actions such as selling assets, seeking additional equity or reducing or delaying capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances. We may not be able to effect such actions, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
The agreement governing our Convertible Notes, or Indenture, and the 2012 Credit Agreement restrict our ability to operate our business and to pursue our business strategies.
The 2012 Credit Agreement and the Indenture limit our ability, among other things, to:
| • | incur additional indebtedness or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock; |
| • | pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem the issuer’s stock or subordinated indebtedness or make investments; |
| • | with respect to the 2012 Credit Agreement, make voluntary payments on any indebtedness; |
| • | sell assets and issue capital stock of our restricted subsidiaries; |
| • | incur liens; |
| • | enter into agreements restricting our restricted subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make loans to other U.S. Concrete entities or restrict the ability to provide liens; |
| • | enter into transactions with affiliates; |
| • | consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets; and |
| • | with respect to the Indenture, designate our subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. |
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Our failure to comply with the covenants contained in the 2012 Credit Agreement or our other debt agreements, including as a result of events beyond our control, could result in an event of default which could materially and adversely affect our operating results and our financial condition.
The 2012 Credit Agreement contains certain covenants, including compliance with a fixed charge coverage ratio if our Availability (as defined in the 2012 Credit Agreement) falls below a certain threshold. In addition, the 2012 Credit Agreement requires us to comply with various operational and other covenants. The Indenture also contains a financial covenant for compliance with a consolidated secured debt ratio (as defined in the Indenture). See Item 7 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a discussion of the financial covenants. If there were an event of default under any of our debt instruments that was not cured or waived, the holders of the defaulted debt could cause all amounts outstanding with respect to the debt to be due and payable immediately. Our assets and cash flow may not be sufficient to fully repay borrowings under our outstanding debt instruments, either upon maturity or if accelerated upon an event of default. If we were required to repurchase the Convertible Notes or any of our other debt securities upon a change of control, we may not be able to refinance or restructure the payments on those debt securities. If, as or when required, we are unable to repay, refinance or restructure our indebtedness under, or amend the covenants contained in, the 2012 Credit Agreement, the lenders thereunder could elect to terminate their commitments thereunder, cease making further loans and institute foreclosure proceedings against the collateral which secures our obligations under the 2012 Credit Agreement on a first-priority basis, which also secures the Convertible Notes on a second-priority basis. If, as or when required, we are unable to repay, refinance or restructure our indebtedness under, or amend the covenants contained in the Indenture, the holders of the Convertible Notes could institute foreclosure proceedings against the collateral which secures our obligations under the Convertible Notes on a first-priority basis, which also secures the 2012 Revolving Facility on a second-priority basis. Any such actions could force us into bankruptcy or liquidation.
Governmental regulations, including environmental regulations, may result in increases in our operating costs and capital expenditures and decreases in our earnings.
A wide range of federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations apply to our operations, including the following matters:
| • | land usage; |
| • | street and highway usage; |
| • | noise levels; and |
| • | health, safety and environmental matters. |
In many instances, we must have various certificates, permits or licenses in order to conduct our business. Our failure to maintain required certificates, permits or licenses or to comply with applicable governmental requirements could result in substantial fines or possible revocation of our authority to conduct some of our operations. Delays in obtaining approvals for the transfer or grant of certificates, permits or licenses, or failure to obtain new certificates, permits or licenses, could impede the implementation of any acquisitions.
Governmental requirements that impact our operations include those relating to air quality, solid waste management and water quality. These requirements are complex and subject to frequent change. They impose strict liability in some cases without regard to negligence or fault and may expose us to liability for the conduct of or conditions caused by others, or for our acts that complied with all applicable requirements when we performed them. Our compliance with amended, new or more stringent requirements, stricter interpretations of existing requirements, or the future discovery of environmental conditions may require us to make unanticipated material expenditures. In addition, we may fail to identify or obtain indemnification from environmental liabilities of acquired businesses. We generally do not maintain insurance to cover environmental liabilities.
Our operations are subject to various hazards that may cause personal injury or property damage and increase our operating costs.
Operating mixer trucks, particularly when loaded, exposes our drivers and others to traffic hazards. Our drivers are subject to the usual hazards associated with providing services on construction sites, while our plant personnel are subject to the hazards associated with moving and storing large quantities of heavy raw materials. Operating hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, damage to or destruction of property, plant and equipment and environmental damage. Although we conduct training programs designed to reduce these risks, we cannot eliminate these risks. We maintain insurance coverage in amounts we believe
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are consistent with industry practice; however, this insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities we may incur in our operations, and we may not be able to maintain insurance of the types or at levels we deem necessary or adequate, or at rates we consider reasonable. A partially or completely uninsured claim, if successful and of sufficient magnitude, could have a material adverse effect on us.
The insurance policies we maintain are subject to varying levels of deductibles. Losses up to the deductible amounts are accrued based on our estimates of the ultimate liability for claims incurred and an estimate of claims incurred but not reported. If we were to experience insurance claims or costs above our estimates, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows might be materially and adversely affected.
We may incur material costs and losses as a result of claims that our products do not meet regulatory requirements or contractual specifications.
Our operations involve providing products that must meet building code or other regulatory requirements and contractual specifications for durability, stress-level capacity, weight-bearing capacity and other characteristics. If we fail or are unable to provide products meeting these requirements and specifications, material claims may arise against us and our reputation could be damaged. In the past, we have had significant claims of this kind asserted against us that we have resolved. There currently are claims, and we expect that in the future there will be additional claims, of this kind asserted against us. If a significant product-related claim or claims are resolved against us in the future, that resolution may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our net revenue attributable to infrastructure projects could be negatively impacted by a decrease or delay in governmental spending.
Our business depends in part on the level of governmental spending on infrastructure projects in our markets. Reduced levels of governmental funding for public works projects or delays in that funding could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Some of our plants are susceptible to damage from earthquakes, for which we have a limited amount of insurance.
We maintain only a limited amount of earthquake insurance, and, therefore, we are not fully insured against earthquake risk. Any significant earthquake damage to our plants could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Increasing insurance claims and expenses could lower our profitability and increase our business risk.
The nature of our business subjects us to product liability, property damage, personal injury claims and workers compensation claims from time to time. Increased premiums charged by insurance carriers may further increase our insurance expense as coverage expires or otherwise cause us to raise our self-insured retention. If the number or severity of claims within our self-insured retention increases, we could suffer losses in excess of our reserves. An unusually large liability claim or a string of claims based on a failure repeated throughout our mass production process may exceed our insurance coverage or result in direct damages if we were unable or elected not to insure against certain hazards because of high premiums or other reasons; the availability of, and our ability to collect on, insurance coverage is often subject to factors beyond our control. Further, allegations relating to workers' compensation violations may result in investigations by insurance regulatory or other governmental authorities, which investigations, if any, could have a direct or indirect material adverse effect on our ability to pursue certain types of business which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Applicable accounting rules relating to the conversion features of the Convertible Notes may result in increased non-cash derivative loss and may cause volatility in our results of operations due to the requirement to adjust any derivative liability associated with the conversion features to fair value each quarter.
The conversion features contained within the Convertible Notes are deemed to be an embedded derivative under Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or ASC 815. In accordance with ASC 815, an embedded derivative related to the conversion features requires bifurcation from the debt component of the Convertible Notes and a separate valuation. We recognize the embedded derivative as a liability on our balance sheet, measure it at its estimated fair value and recognize changes in its estimated fair value within our results of operations each quarter. We estimate the fair value of the
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embedded derivative using acceptable valuation methodologies. Valuation methodologies are complex and require significant judgments. Additionally, given the volatility of our stock price and the stock price of other comparable companies, which have a direct impact on our valuation, future changes in the estimated fair value of the conversion features of the Convertible Notes may have a material impact on our results of operations. As a result of the required bifurcation of the embedded derivative related to the conversion features of the Convertible Notes under ASC 815, the carrying value of the Convertible Notes at issuance was less than the $55.0 million face value of the Convertible Notes. The difference between the face value and the carrying value of the Convertible Notes as of the date of issuance will be reflected as an increase to our interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the term of the Convertible Notes. This discount accretion will result in a significantly higher rate of non-cash interest expense within our results of operations over the stated interest rate of the Convertible Notes and a corresponding decrease to our net income.
Common Stock Investment Risks
We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock.
We have not declared or paid any dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to reinvest all future earnings in the development and growth of our business. In addition, our 2012 Credit Agreement and the Indenture prohibits us from paying dividends and future loan agreements may also prohibit the payment of dividends. Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, business opportunities, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant. To the extent we do not pay dividends on our common stock, investors must look solely to stock appreciation for a return on their investment in our common stock.
Our stock price may be volatile.
In recent years the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are often unrelated to the operating performance of specific companies. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate based on a number of factors, including:
| • | our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies; |
| • | news announcements relating to us or our competitors, the job market in general and unemployment data; |
| • | changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by research analysts; |
| • | changes in general economic conditions; |
| • | the arrival or departure of key personnel; |
| • | acquisitions or other transactions involving us or our competitors; and |
| • | other developments affecting us, our industry or our competitors. |
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, third amended and restated bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage acquisition bids or merger proposals, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our third amended and restated bylaws and applicable provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire control of us even if a change of control would be beneficial to the interests of our stockholders. These provisions could discourage potential takeover attempts and could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, Delaware law prohibits us from engaging in any business combination with any “interested stockholder,” meaning generally that a stockholder who beneficially owns more than 15% of our common stock cannot acquire us for a period of three years from the date this person became an interested stockholder, unless various conditions are met, such as approval of the transaction by our board of directors.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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Item 2. Properties
Facilities
The table below lists our concrete plants and aggregate quarries as of December 31, 2012. We believe these plants are sufficient for our current needs. The volumes shown are the volumes each location produced in 2012.
| Aggregate | Ready-Mixed | |||||||||||||||||||
| Owned | Leased | Product | Concrete | |||||||||||||||||
| Locations | Fixed | Portable | Fixed | Portable | Total | Volume (in thousands of tons) | Volume (in thousands of cubic yards) | |||||||||||||
| Ready-Mixed Concrete: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| California | 16 | 2 | 2 | — | 20 | — | 1,213 | |||||||||||||
| Atlantic Region | 18 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | — | 1,153 | |||||||||||||
| Texas / Oklahoma | 62 | 3 | 1 | — | 66 | — | 2,473 | |||||||||||||
| Aggregate Products Segment: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| California | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Atlantic Region | 3 | — | — | — | 3 | 1,714 | — | |||||||||||||
| Texas / Oklahoma | 1 | — | 3 | — | 4 | 1,561 | — | |||||||||||||
| Other non-reportable segments | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Total Company | 101 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 120 | 3,275 | 4,839 | |||||||||||||
We produce crushed stone aggregates, sand and gravel, from seven aggregates facilities located in Texas and New Jersey. We also own two aggregate quarries that are leased to third parties for which we receive a royalty based on the volume of product produced and sold from the quarries during the term of the lease. We sell aggregates produced from the seven facilities in Texas and New Jersey for use in commercial, industrial and public works projects in the markets they serve, as well as consume them internally in the production of ready-mixed concrete in those markets. We produced approximately 3.3 million tons of aggregates in 2012, with Texas producing 48% and New Jersey 52% of that total production. We believe our aggregates reserves provide us with additional raw materials sourcing flexibility and supply availability, although they will provide us with minimal supply of our annual consumption of aggregates.
Equipment
As of December 31, 2012, we had a fleet of over 900 owned and leased mixer trucks and over 1,000 other rolling stock and vehicles. Our own mechanics service most of the fleet. We believe these vehicles generally are well maintained and are adequate for our operations. The average age of our owned mixer trucks is approximately ten years.
For additional information related to our properties, see Item 1 of this report.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The information set forth under the heading “Legal Proceedings” in Note 23, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in exhibit 99.1 to this annual report.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We operated and reorganized the Company under the provisions of Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code from April 29, 2010 until August 31, 2010, which we refer to as our Plan of Reorganization, or Plan. Our common stock that was canceled as a result of our Plan of Reorganization, or our Old Common Stock, ceased trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on May 10, 2010 and was traded in the over-the-counter market under the symbol "RMIX.PK" until the effective date of our Plan of Reorganization on August 31, 2010, or the Effective Date. Upon the Effective Date of the Plan, the Old Common Stock was canceled and holders of the Old Common Stock received warrants to acquire common stock in two tranches; which we refer to as Class A Warrants and Class B Warrants, or collectively as the Warrants. The holders of the 8.375% senior subordinated notes due 2014, or the Old Notes, were issued 11.9 million shares of new common stock on the Effective Date, which began trading on the over-the-counter Bulletin Board; which we refer to as the OTC Bulletin Board or OTC BB, on October 15, 2010 under the symbol “USCR”. Our new common stock was listed and began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on February 1, 2011 under the symbol “USCR”. The share price of the Old Common Stock bears no relation to the share price of the new common stock.
As of February 25, 2013, shares of our common stock were held by approximately 1,825 stockholders of record. The number of record holders does not necessarily bear any relationship to the number of beneficial owners of our common stock.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low sales prices for our common stock:
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||
| High | Low | High | Low | |||||||||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 5.30 | $ | 3.01 | $ | 12.03 | $ | 7.75 | ||||||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 5.22 | $ | 4.21 | $ | 9.79 | $ | 8.04 | ||||||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 6.75 | $ | 4.79 | $ | 8.85 | $ | 4.00 | ||||||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 9.69 | $ | 5.86 | $ | 4.50 | $ | 1.90 | ||||||||
We have not declared or paid any dividends since our formation and currently do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. Additional information concerning restrictions on our payment of cash dividends may be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this report and Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements in this report, under the sub-heading "Convertible Secured Notes due 2015."
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2012, the indicated information regarding equity compensation to our employees, officers, directors and other persons under our equity compensation plans (in thousands). These plans use or are based on shares of our common stock.
| Plan Category | Number of Securities to Be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Stock Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Stock Options | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in First Column) | |||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1) | 107 | $ | 17.23 | 520 | ||||||
| (1) | We adopted a management equity incentive plan, or the Incentive Plan, effective as of August 31, 2010, under which 9.5% of the equity of the Company authorized pursuant to the Plan, on a fully-diluted basis, is reserved for issuance as equity-based awards to management and employees, and 0.5% of such equity, on a fully-diluted basis, is reserved for issuance to directors of the Company. The Incentive Plan enables us to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, cash awards and performance awards. We reserved 2.2 million shares of common stock for issuance in connection with the |
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Incentive Plan and as of December 31, 2012, there were 0.5 million shares remaining for future issuance. The shares issued under the Incentive Plan and excluded from the number of securities remaining for future issuance include stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Upon vesting of restricted stock awarded by the Company to employees, the Company withheld shares to cover employee tax withholding obligations, other than for employees who have chosen to satisfy their tax withholding requirements in the form of a cash payment. The table below reflects shares of common stock withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.
| Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| January 1, 2012 to March 31 2012 | 4,717 | $ | 2.90 | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| April 1, 2012 to June 30, 2012 | 5,477 | 4.72 | — | — | ||||||||||
| July 1, 2012 to September 30, 2012 | 44,921 | 5.97 | — | — | ||||||||||
| October 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 | 3,080 | 6.56 | — | — | ||||||||||
| Total | 58,195 | $ | 5.63 | — | $ | — | ||||||||
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The registrant is a smaller reporting company and therefore not required to include this information.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Statements we make in the following discussion that express a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results, performance or achievements, or market conditions or industry results, could differ materially from those we express in the following discussion as a result of a variety of factors, including the risks and uncertainties to which we refer under the headings “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” preceding Item 1 of this report and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report.
Our Business
The sale of our California and Arizona precast operations during 2012 represented a disposal of a significant majority of our previously reported precast operating segment. These disposals were part of our strategy to become the premier focused domestic supplier of ready-mixed concrete in the United States. As such, during the fourth quarter of 2012, we made changes to better align our operating and reportable segments with our overall strategy and the manner in which we organize and manage our business. Our two reportable segments now consist of ready-mixed concrete and aggregate products as described below. Historical segment results have been reclassified to conform with these changes.
We derive substantially all of our revenues from the sale of ready-mixed concrete and aggregate products to the construction industry in the United States. We typically sell our products under purchase orders that require us to formulate, prepare and deliver the product to our customers’ job sites. The principal states in which we operate are Texas, California and New Jersey/New York. Revenue by principal location, as a percentage of revenue from continuing operations, was as follows:
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| 2012 | 2011 | |||||
| North and west Texas | 41 | % | 37 | % | ||
| California | 28 | % | 32 | % | ||
| New Jersey/New York | 18 | % | 21 | % | ||
We serve substantially all segments of the construction industry in our markets. Our customers include contractors for commercial and industrial, residential, street and highway and other public works construction. The approximate percentages of our concrete product revenue by type of construction activity were as follows in 2012 and 2011:
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||
| Commercial and industrial | 52 | % | 67 | % | ||
| Residential | 20 | % | 16 | % | ||
| Street, highway and other public works | 28 | % | 17 | % | ||
The geographic markets for our products are generally local, and our operating results are subject to fluctuations in the level and mix of construction activity that occur in our markets. The level of activity affects the demand for our products, while the product mix of activity among the various segments of the construction industry affects both our relative competitive strengths and our operating margins. Commercial and industrial projects generally provide more opportunities to sell value-added products that are designed to meet the high-performance requirements of these types of projects.
Our customers are generally involved in the construction industry, which is a cyclical business and is subject to general and more localized economic conditions, including the recessionary conditions impacting all our markets. In addition, our business is impacted by seasonal variations in weather conditions, which vary by regional market. Accordingly, demand for our products and services during the winter months are typically lower than in other months of the year because of inclement weather. Also, sustained periods of inclement weather and other adverse weather conditions could cause the delay of construction projects during other times of the year.
Ready-Mixed Concrete. Our ready-mixed concrete segment engages principally in the formulation, preparation and delivery of ready-mixed concrete to the job sites of our customers. Ready-mixed concrete is a highly versatile construction material that results from combining coarse and fine aggregates, such as gravel, crushed stone and sand, with water, various chemical admixtures and cement. We also provide services intended to reduce our customers’ overall construction costs by lowering the installed, or “in-place,” cost of concrete. These services include the formulation of mixtures for specific design uses, on-site and lab-based product quality control, and customized delivery programs to meet our customers’ needs. We generally do not provide paving or other finishing services, which construction contractors or subcontractors typically perform. We provide our ready-mixed concrete from our operations in north and west Texas, northern California, New Jersey, New York, Washington, D.C. and Oklahoma.
Aggregate Products. Our aggregate products segment produces crushed stone, sand and gravel from seven aggregates facilities located in New Jersey and Texas. We sell these aggregates for use in commercial, industrial and public works projects in the markets they serve, as well as consume them internally in the production of ready-mixed concrete in those markets. We produced approximately 3.3 million tons of aggregates in 2012 from these facilities, with Texas producing 48% and New Jersey 52% of that total production. We believe our aggregates reserves provide us with additional raw materials sourcing flexibility and supply availability, although they provide us with a minimal supply of our annual consumption of aggregates. In addition, we have agreements to lease our sand pit operations in Michigan and one quarry in West Texas where we receive a royalty based on the volume of product produced and sold during the terms of the leases.
Market Trends
From 2007 through 2011, construction slowed significantly, which resulted in a decline in the demand for ready-mixed concrete. However, during 2012, construction and related demand for ready-mixed concrete improved for the first time since 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2012, our ready-mix concrete sales volume increased 19.6% compared to 2011. As a result of this higher sales volume and higher ready-mix sales prices, we experienced increases in our revenue period-over-period. We saw higher average ready-mix sales prices in most of our major markets during the fourth quarter of 2012 and have experienced increases in these prices period-over-period on a consolidated basis over the last seven consecutive fiscal quarters. Although higher raw material and fuel costs somewhat offset these improved volumes and average sales prices, we experienced improvements in operating efficiencies from the higher volumes. In addition, we continue to closely monitor our operating costs and capital expenditures.
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Basis of Presentation
As described above, we now operate our business in two reportable segments: (1) Ready-mixed concrete and (2) Aggregate products. Our ready-mixed concrete segment produces and sells ready-mixed concrete. This segment serves the following principal markets: north and west Texas, California, New Jersey, New York, Washington, D.C. and Oklahoma. Our aggregate products segment includes crushed stone, sand and gravel products and serves the north and west Texas, New Jersey and New York markets in which our ready-mixed concrete segment operates.
In the fourth quarter of 2012, we changed the income measure used to evaluate performance of our segments to more closely align our reporting with the measure used to calculate the Company's compliance with debt covenants. Historical segment reporting has been recast to conform with this change.
We evaluate segment performance and allocate resources based on Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) from continuing operations excluding interest, income taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization, derivative gain (loss), and loss on extinguishment of debt. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is adjusted for items similar to certain of those used in calculating the Company’s compliance with debt covenants. The additional items that are adjusted to determine our Adjusted EBITDA are:
| • | Non-cash stock compensation expense; |
| • | Expenses associated with the relocation of our corporate headquarters; and |
| • | Expenses associated with the departure of our former President and Chief Executive Officer during 2011 and hiring of our new President and Chief Executive Officer. |
We consider Adjusted EBITDA an indicator of the operational strength and performance of our business. We have included Adjusted EBITDA because it is a key financial measure used by our management to (i) internally measure our operating performance and (ii) assess our ability to service our debt, incur additional debt and meet our capital expenditure requirements.
Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an alternative to, or a better indicator of, operating income or loss, is not based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and is not necessarily a measure of our cash flows or ability to fund our cash needs. Our measurements of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar titled measures reported by other companies.
On August 20, 2012, we completed the sale of substantially all of the Company's California precast operations. On December 17, 2012, we completed the sale of substantially all of our assets associated with our Smith Precast operations. The results of operations for our California precast operations and Smith Precast operations have been included in discontinued operations for the periods presented.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary liquidity needs over the next 12 months consist of financing seasonal working capital requirements, servicing indebtedness under our 2012 Revolving Facility and our Convertible Notes and purchasing property and equipment. Our working capital needs are typically at their lowest level in the first quarter, increase in the second and third quarters to fund the increases in accounts receivable and inventories during those periods, and then decrease in the fourth quarter. Availability under the 2012 Credit Agreement is governed by a borrowing base primarily determined by our eligible accounts receivable, inventory and trucks (described below). While our working capital needs are typically at their lowest in the first quarter, our borrowing base typically declines also during the first quarter due to lower accounts receivable balances as a result of normal seasonality of our business caused by weather.
The projection of our cash needs is based upon many factors, including our forecasted volume, pricing, cost of materials and capital expenditures. Based on our projected cash needs, we believe that the 2012 Revolving Facility will provide us with sufficient liquidity in the ordinary course of business. The 2012 Revolving Facility is scheduled to mature in July 2015. If, however, the 2012 Revolving Facility is not adequate to fund our operations, or, in the event that our operating results and projected needs are proven to be incorrect, we would need to obtain an amendment to the 2012 Credit Agreement, seek other debt financing to provide additional liquidity, or sell assets. We continue to focus on managing our capital investment expenditures in order to maintain liquidity.
The principal factors that could adversely affect the amount of our internally generated funds include:
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| • | deterioration of revenue, due to lower volume and/or pricing, because of weakness in the markets in which we operate; |
| • | declines in gross margins due to shifts in our project mix or increases in the cost of our raw materials and fuel; |
| • | any deterioration in our ability to collect our accounts receivable from customers as a result of weakening in construction demand or as a result of payment difficulties experienced by our customers; and |
| • | inclement weather beyond normal patterns that could effect our concrete volumes. |
Under the terms of the Indenture, we are required to meet a consolidated secured debt ratio test (as defined in the Indenture), which could restrict our ability to borrow the amount available under the 2012 Revolving Facility. The maximum consolidated secured debt ratio, as of the last day of each fiscal month is shown below:
| Consolidated | ||
| Period | Secured Debt Ratio | |
| April 1, 2012 — March 31, 2013 | 7.50 : 1.00 | |
| April 1, 2013 — March 31, 2014 | 7.00 : 1.00 | |
| April 1, 2014 — March 31, 2015 | 6.75 : 1.00 | |
| April 1, 2015 — and thereafter | 6.50 : 1.00 | |
The consolidated secured debt ratio is the ratio of (a) our consolidated total indebtedness (as defined in the Indenture) on the date of determination that constitutes the Convertible Notes, any other pari passu lien obligations and any indebtedness incurred under the 2012 Revolving Facility (including any letters of credit issued thereunder) to (b) the aggregate amount of consolidated cash flow (as defined in the Indenture) for our then most recent four fiscal quarters for which our internal financial statements are available ending on or prior to the relevant date of determination. Based on consolidated cash flows for the four fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2012, our consolidated secured debt ratio was 3.22 to 1.00. In the event that we are not able to meet the consolidated secured debt ratio in the future, we would need to seek an amendment to the Indenture to provide relief from this covenant. If we do not meet this ratio and are unable to obtain an amendment or waiver of default, we could be in default under the Indenture as described below and, among other things, the amount we may borrow under the 2012 Revolving Facility could be restricted. Additionally, if our borrowings under the 2012 Revolving Facility are restricted, we may not have adequate liquidity to fund our operations. If we were to exceed the consolidated secured debt ratio, this would constitute an event of default under the Indenture if we failed to comply for 30 days after notice of the failure has been given to us by the Trustee or by holders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes then outstanding. If an event of default occurs under the Indenture, the Trustee, or holders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes then outstanding, may accelerate all aggregate principal and accrued and unpaid interest outstanding, which would become immediately due and payable. An event of default could also trigger cross default provisions in the 2012 Credit Agreement which could allow these creditors to accelerate outstanding indebtedness. Absent a waiver, amendment or adequate liquidity to fund operations, we would need to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets, obtain additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. There can be no assurance that we could obtain additional capital or acceptable financing.
We intend to continue to explore various financing alternatives to improve our capital structure, including reducing debt, extending maturities or relaxing financial covenants. These may include new equity or debt financings or exchange offers (see Note 26 to our Consolidated Financial Statements) with our security holders, and other transactions which may include purchasing our then outstanding convertible or debt securities in the future in the market, subject to restrictions in agreements and applicable law. We cannot provide assurances, if we pursue any of these transactions, that we will be successful in completing a transaction on attractive terms or at all.
The following key financial measurements reflect our financial position and capital resources as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 (dollars in thousands):
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 4,751 | $ | 4,229 | ||||
| Working capital | 18,565 | 52,998 | ||||||
| Total debt | $ | 63,459 | $ | 61,086 | ||||
Our cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments in deposits we hold at major financial institutions.
The discussion that follows provides a description of our arrangements relating to outstanding indebtedness.
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Senior Secured Credit Facility due 2015
On August 31, 2012, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into the 2012 Credit Agreement with certain financial institutions named therein, as lenders, or the Lenders, and Bank of America, N.A. as agent and sole lead arranger, or the Administrative Agent, which provides for the 2012 Revolving Facility. The 2012 Credit Agreement expires on July 1, 2015 and may be prepaid from time to time without penalty or premium. As of December 31, 2012, we had $13.3 million of outstanding borrowings and $12.2 million of undrawn standby letters of credit under the 2012 Revolving Facility. As of December 31, 2012, we had net borrowing availability of $52.4 million.
Our actual maximum credit availability under the 2012 Revolving Facility varies from time to time and is determined by calculating a borrowing base, which is based on the value of our eligible accounts receivable, inventory and vehicles, which serve as priority collateral on the facility, minus reserves imposed by the Lenders and other adjustments, all as specified in the 2012 Credit Agreement. The 2012 Credit Agreement also contains a provision for discretionary over-advances and involuntary protective advances by Lenders of up to $8 million in excess of the 2012 Revolving Facility commitments. The 2012 Credit Agreement provides for swingline loans, up to a $10 million sublimit, and letters of credit, up to a $30 million sublimit. The 2012 Credit Agreement also includes an uncommitted accordion feature of up to $45 million in the aggregate allowing for future incremental borrowings, subject to certain conditions, including the modification of the Indenture.
Advances under the 2012 Revolving Facility are in the form of either base rate loans or “LIBOR Loans” denominated in U.S. dollars. The interest rate for base rate loans denominated in U.S. dollars fluctuates and is equal to the greater of (a) Bank of America’s prime rate; (b) the Federal funds rate, plus 0.50%; or (c) the rate per annum for a 30-day interest period equal to the British Bankers Association LIBOR Rate, as published by Reuters at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) two business days prior (“LIBOR”), plus 1.0%; in each case plus 1.50%. The interest rate for LIBOR Loans denominated in U.S. dollars is equal to the rate per annum for the applicable interest period equal to LIBOR, plus 2.75%. Issued and outstanding letters of credit are subject to a fee equal to 2.75%, a fronting fee equal to 0.125% per annum on the stated amount of such letter of credit, and customary charges associated with the issuance and administration of letters of credit. Among other fees, we pay a commitment fee of 0.375% per annum (due monthly) on the aggregate unused revolving commitments under the 2012 Revolving Facility.
Up to $30 million of the 2012 Revolving Facility is available for the issuance of letters of credit, and any such issuance of letters of credit will reduce the amount available for loans under the 2012 Revolving Facility. Advances under the 2012 Revolving Facility are limited by a borrowing base of (a) 90% of the face amount of eligible accounts receivable (reduced to 85% under certain circumstances), plus (b) ) the lesser of (i) 55% of the value of eligible inventory or (ii) 85% of the product of (x) the net orderly liquidation value of inventory divided by the value of the inventory and (y) multiplied by the value of eligible inventory, and (c) the lesser of (i) $20.0 million or (ii) the sum of (A) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value (as determined by the most recent appraisal) of eligible trucks plus (B) 80% of the cost of newly acquired eligible trucks since the date of the latest appraisal of eligible trucks minus (C) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value of eligible trucks that have been sold since the latest appraisal date and 85% of the depreciation amount applicable to eligible trucks since the date of the latest appraisal of eligible trucks, minus (D) such reserves as the Administrative Agent may establish from time to time in its permitted discretion. The Administrative Agent may, in its permitted discretion, reduce the advance rates set forth above, adjust reserves or reduce one or more of the other elements used in computing the borrowing base.
The 2012 Credit Agreement contains usual and customary negative covenants for transactions of this type, including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability to consolidate or merge; substantially change the nature of our business; sell, lease or otherwise transfer any of our assets; create or incur indebtedness; create liens; pay dividends; and make investments or acquisitions. The negative covenants are subject to certain exceptions as specified in the 2012 Credit Agreement. The 2012 Credit Agreement also requires that we, upon the occurrence of certain events, maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.0 to 1.0 for each period of twelve calendar months, as determined in accordance with the 2012 Credit Agreement. For the trailing twelve month period ended December 31, 2012, our fixed charge coverage ratio was 2.97 to 1.0. As of December 31, 2012, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.
The 2012 Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default, including, among other things, payment default, covenant default, breach of representation or warranty, bankruptcy, cross-default, material ERISA events, a change of control of the Company, material money judgments and failure to maintain subsidiary guarantees.
Senior Secured Credit Facility due 2014
Simultaneously with entering into the 2012 Credit Agreement referenced above, we terminated our agreement that governed our Senior Secured Credit Facility due 2014, or the 2010 Credit Agreement, which previously provided for a $75.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility. See Note 10 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for additional information.
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Convertible Secured Notes due 2015
On August 31, 2010, we issued $55.0 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes pursuant to a subscription offering contemplated by the Plan of Reorganization. The Convertible Notes are governed by the Indenture, dated as of August 31, 2010. Under the terms of the Indenture, the Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 9.5% per annum and will mature on August 31, 2015. Interest payments are payable quarterly in cash in arrears. Additionally, we recorded a discount of approximately $13.6 million related to an embedded derivative that was bifurcated and separately valued (see Note 11). This discount is being accreted over the term of the Convertible Notes and included in interest expense.
The Convertible Notes are convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time on or prior to maturity, into shares of our common stock, at an initial conversion rate of 95.23809524 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, or the Conversion Rate. The Conversion Rate is subject to adjustment to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. In connection with any such conversion, holders of the Convertible Notes to be converted shall also have the right to receive accrued and unpaid interest on such Convertible Notes to the date of conversion (the “Accrued Interest”). We may elect to pay the Accrued Interest in cash or in shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Indenture.
In addition, if a “Fundamental Change of Control” (as defined in the Indenture) occurs prior to the maturity date, in addition to any conversion rights the holders of Convertible Notes may have, each holder of Convertible Notes will have (i) a make-whole provision calculated as provided in the Indenture pursuant to which each holder may be entitled to additional shares of Common Stock upon conversion; which we refer to as the Make Whole Premium, and (ii) an amount equal to the interest on such Convertible Notes that would have been payable from the date of the occurrence of such Fundamental Change of Control; which we refer to as the Fundamental Change of Control Date, through the third anniversary of the Effective Date, plus any accrued and unpaid interest from the Effective Date to the Fundamental Change of Control Date (the amount in this clause (ii); which we refer to as the Make Whole Payment). We may elect to pay the Make Whole Payment in cash or in shares of Common Stock.
If the closing price of the Common Stock exceeds 150% of the Conversion Price (defined as $1,000 divided by the Conversion Rate) then in effect for at least 20 trading days during any consecutive 30-day trading period, or the Conversion Event, we may provide, at our option, a written notice, or the Conversion Event Notice, of the occurrence of the Conversion Event to each holder of Convertible Notes in accordance with the Indenture. Except as set forth in an Election Notice (as defined below), the right to convert Convertible Notes with respect to the occurrence of the Conversion Event shall terminate on the date that is 46 days following the date of the Conversion Event Notice, or the Conversion Termination Date, such that the holder shall have a 45-day period in which to convert its Convertible Notes up to the amount of the Conversion Cap (as defined below). Any Convertible Notes not converted prior to the Conversion Termination Date as a result of the Conversion Cap shall be, at the holder’s election and upon written notice to the Company, or the Election Notice, converted into shares of Common Stock on a date or dates prior to the date that is 180 days following the Conversion Termination Date. The “Conversion Cap” means the number of shares of Common Stock into which the Convertible Notes are convertible and that would cause the related holder to “beneficially own” (as such term is used in the Exchange Act) more than 9.9% of the Common Stock at any time outstanding.
Any Convertible Notes not otherwise converted prior to the Conversion Termination Date or specified for conversion in an Election Notice shall be redeemable, in whole or in part, at our election at any time prior to maturity at par plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Conversion Termination Date.
The Indenture contains certain covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things,
| • | incur additional indebtedness or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock; |
| • | pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our stock or subordinated indebtedness or make investments; |
| • | sell assets and issue capital stock of our restricted subsidiaries; |
| • | incur liens; |
| • | enter into transactions with affiliates; and |
| • | consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets. |
The Convertible Notes are guaranteed by each of our existing, and will be guaranteed by each of our future, direct or indirect domestic restricted subsidiaries. In connection with the Indenture, on August 31, 2010, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a Pledge and Security Agreement, or the Pledge and Security Agreement, with the noteholder collateral agent. Pursuant to the Pledge and Security Agreement, the Convertible Notes and related guarantees are secured by first-priority liens on certain of the property and assets directly owned by the Company and each of the guarantors, including material owned real property, fixtures,
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intellectual property, capital stock of subsidiaries and certain equipment, subject to permitted liens (including a second-priority lien in favor of the Administrative Agent) with certain exceptions, including a limitation that the capital stock will constitute collateral securing the Convertible Notes only if the inclusion of such capital stock as collateral will not require us to file separate financial statements with the SEC pursuant to Rule 3-16 of Regulation S-X; which we refer to as the collateral cutback provision. In accordance with the collateral cutback provision, the collateral securing the Convertible Notes includes capital stock only to the extent that the applicable value of such capital stock is less than 20% of the principal amount of the notes outstanding. The applicable value of the capital stock of any subsidiary is deemed to be the greater of its par value, book value or market value. Although we have not had an external third-party market valuation conducted as to the capital stock of our subsidiaries, we estimate that the value of the capital stock of the following subsidiaries and their respective parent companies exceeded 20% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2012: Redi-Mix, LLC, Ingram Concrete, LLC, Eastern Concrete Materials, Inc., Central Concrete Supply Co., Inc., Bode Gravel Co., Bode Concrete, LLC, U.S. Concrete Texas Holdings, Inc., Alberta Investments, Inc. and USC Atlantic, Inc. As a result, the pledge of the capital stock of these subsidiaries as it relates to the Convertible Notes is limited to capital stock of each such subsidiary with an applicable value of less than 20% of the outstanding principal amount of the Convertible Notes, or $11.0 million. The aggregate percentage of consolidated assets and revenues represented by these excluded subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 is estimated to be 86% and 90%, respectively. As described above, assets of the excluded subsidiaries have been separately pledged as security for the Convertible Notes. The list of excluded subsidiaries was determined based upon internal company estimates of fair value and did not include third-party valuation of the subsidiaries, and should not be considered an indication as to what such subsidiaries might be able to be sold for in the market. The list of excluded subsidiaries may change as the applicable value of such capital stock or the outstanding principal amount of Convertible Notes changes. Obligations under the 2012 Revolving Facility and those in respect of hedging and cash management obligations owed to the lenders (and their affiliates) that are a party to the 2012 Credit Agreement; which we collectively refer to as the 2012 Revolving Facility Obligations, are secured by a second-priority lien on such collateral.
The Convertible Notes and related guarantees are also secured by a second-priority lien on the assets of the Company and the guarantors securing the 2012 Revolving Facility Obligations on a first-priority basis, including, inventory (including as extracted collateral), accounts, certain specified mixer trucks, general intangibles (other than collateral securing the Convertible Notes on a first-priority basis), instruments, documents, cash, deposit accounts, securities accounts, commodities accounts, letter of credit rights and all supporting obligations and related books and records and all proceeds and products of the foregoing, subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, trade payables, long-term debt, other long-term obligations, and derivative liabilities. We consider the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables to be representative of their respective fair values because of their short-term maturities or expected settlement dates. The carrying value of outstanding amounts under our 2012 Revolving Facility approximates fair value due to the floating interest rate, and the fair value of our Convertible Notes was approximately $68.8 million, including the embedded derivative of $17.2 million, at December 31, 2012, and was $53.8 million, including the embedded derivative of $1.6 million, at December 31, 2011. The fair value of issued Warrants was $4.9 million and $0.7 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The fair value of our long-term incentive plan associated with our acquisition of the Bode Companies during 2012 was $8.6 million, including the discount of $1.6 million. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our derivative liabilities, Note 12 regarding the long-term incentive plan related to the Bode Companies acquisition, and Note 13 regarding our fair value disclosure.
Cash Flow
The net cash provided by or used in our operating, investing and financing activities is presented below (in thousands):
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Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | ||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 10,722 | $ | (1,544 | ) | |||
| Investing activities | (4,806 | ) | (3,929 | ) | ||||
| Financing activities | (5,394 | ) | 4,412 | |||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash | $ | 522 | $ | (1,061 | ) | |||
Our net cash provided by or (used in) operating activities generally reflects the cash effects of transactions and other events used in the determination of net income or loss. Net cash provided by operating activities was $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $1.5 million in 2011. The 2012 period was favorably impacted by higher non-cash expenses included in our 2012 net loss, primarily the non-cash loss from derivative of $19.7 million, $16.3 million in depreciation, depletion, and amortization, the non-cash loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.6 million, $2.5 million in non-cash stock-based compensation, and $4.1 million in non-cash amortization of debt issuance costs, partially offset by $2.8 million in gains from sales of assets, and $4.0 million of non-cash income tax benefit, partially resulting from the acquisition of the Bode Companies which resulted in the reduction of our valuation allowance on our net deferred tax asset. During the 2011 period, our net cash used in operating activities primarily reflected the net loss for the period, favorably impacted by non-cash expenses included in our net loss for the period consisting primarily of $19.7 million of depreciation, depletion and amortization, $3.7 million in non-cash amortization of debt issuance costs, and $2.1 million of non-cash stock-based compensation, partially offset by a $13.4 million non-cash gain on our derivative.
We used $4.8 million of cash in investing activities in 2012 and used $3.9 million in 2011. During 2012, we received $27.0 million in proceeds from the sale of our California and Phoenix, Arizona precast operating units. In addition, we paid $28.6 million for acquisitions in our west Texas and northern California markets. Cash used in investing activities in 2011 generally reflected purchases of property, plant and equipment, partially offset by disposals of certain excess land and equipment.
Our net cash used in financing activities was $5.4 million in 2012 compared to $4.4 million provided by financing activities in 2011. During 2012, we reduced our borrowings under our credit facilities by $2.0 million and incurred $1.8 million of financing costs in conjunction with new credit arrangements. Our financing activities in 2011 consisted primarily of $6.8 million of net borrowings necessary to operate our business. These net borrowings in 2011 were partially offset by $1.6 million of note payments related to the acquisition of assets in our west Texas market and a redemption payment of our interest in the Michigan joint venture.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not currently have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors. From time to time, we may enter into noncancelable operating leases that would not be reflected on our balance sheet. For additional discussion on our operating leases, see Note 23 to our consolidated financial statements in this report.
Commitments
The following are our contractual commitments associated with our indebtedness and our lease obligations as of December 31, 2012 (in millions):
Contractual obligations | Total | 1 year or less | 2-3 years | 4-5 years | After 5 years | |||||||||||||||
| Principal on debt | $ | 72.3 | $ | 1.9 | $ | 70.4 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
Interest on debt (1) | 14.3 | 5.2 | 9.1 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | 43.5 | 8.8 | 13.5 | 10.2 | 11.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 130.1 | $ | 15.9 | $ | 93.0 | $ | 10.2 | $ | 11.0 | ||||||||||
| (1) | Interest payments due under the Convertible Notes. |
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The following are our commercial commitment expirations as of December 31, 2012 (in millions):
Other commercial commitments | Total | Less Than 1 year | 1-3 years | 4-5 years | After 5 years | |||||||||||||||
| Standby letters of credit | $ | 12.2 | $ | 12.2 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
| Performance bonds | 55.0 | 55.0 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 67.2 | $ | 67.2 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
The standby letters of credit and performance bonds have not been drawn upon as of December 31, 2012. The following long-term liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet are excluded from the table above: accrued employment costs, income tax contingencies, insurance accruals and other accruals. Due to the nature of these accruals, the estimated timing of such payments (or contributions in the case of certain accrued employment costs) for these items is not predictable. As of December 31, 2012, the total unrecognized tax benefit related to uncertain tax positions was $6.6 million. It is likely no reduction will occur within the next 12 months.
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Sale of California Precast Operations
On August 2, 2012, we executed a definitive asset purchase agreement to sell substantially all of the Company's California precast operations to Oldcastle for $21.3 million in cash, plus net working capital adjustments. The assets purchased by Oldcastle included certain facilities, fixed assets, and working capital items. The transaction was completed on August 20, 2012. The results of operations for these units have been included in discontinued operations for the periods presented.
Purchase of Colorado River Concrete Assets
On September 14, 2012, we purchased four ready-mixed concrete plants and related assets and inventory from CRC in our west Texas market for $2.4 million in cash and a $1.9 million promissory note at an annual interest rate of 4.5%, which will be paid in twenty-four equal monthly installments beginning in January 2013. The purchase of these assets allows us to expand our business in two of our major markets; west Texas and north Texas. We acquired plant and equipment valued at $3.2 million, inventory valued at $0.2 million, and goodwill valued at $1.0 million. No liabilities were assumed in the purchase. The goodwill ascribed to the purchase is related to the synergies we expect to achieve with expansion of these areas in which we already operate. We expect the goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes.
Purchase of Bode Gravel and Bode Concrete Equity Interests
On October 30, 2012, we completed the acquisition of all the outstanding equity interests of the Bode Companies pursuant to an equity purchase agreement, dated October 17, 2012. The Bode Companies operated two ready-mixed concrete plants, one new portable plant, and 41 mixer trucks in the San Francisco area and produced approximately 243,000 cubic yards of ready-mixed concrete in 2011. The purchase price for the acquisition, which is subject to specified post-closing adjustments, was $24.5 million in cash, plus working capital and closing adjustments of $1.6 million, plus potential earn-out payments, contingent upon reaching negotiated volume hurdles, with an aggregate present value of up to $7.0 million in cash payable over a six-year period, resulting in total consideration fair value of $33.1 million. We funded the acquisition from cash on hand and borrowings under our 2012 Credit Facility.
Sale of Smith Precast Operations
On December 17, 2012, we completed the sale of substantially all of our assets associated with our Smith operations, located in Phoenix, Arizona, to Jensen for $4.3 million in cash and the assumption of certain obligations. The assets purchased by Jensen included certain facilities, fixed assets, and working capital items. In addition, Jensen assumed the obligations of a capital lease previously held by Smith. The results of operations for this unit have been included in discontinued operations for the periods presented.
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Other
In October 2006, we acquired certain aggregates assets located in New Jersey. As a condition of the purchase agreement, additional consideration would be due if we were able to receive permits that allowed us to mine the minerals from certain areas. In April 2012, we obtained the permits necessary to allow us to mine this area of property. Accordingly, we accrued $1.4 million in additional purchase consideration during the quarter ended June 30, 2012. On October 5, 2012, we signed an agreement with the seller to pay a total of $1.0 million in lieu of the $1.4 million contractual payment due to a lower volume of aggregate assets available to mine than originally contemplated in the agreement. We signed a promissory note for the $1.0 million settlement, payable in eight equal quarterly installments at an annual interest rate of 2.5%, which began in November 2012. We made cash payments on these notes of approximately $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2012.
During the third quarter of 2012, we made the decision to sell certain of our land and buildings in northern California and classified these assets as held for sale. These assets were recorded at the estimated fair value less costs to sell, which approximated net book value of $2.6 million. This transaction closed during the fourth quarter of 2012 and we received $3.2 million in proceeds. Accordingly, we recorded a gain on sale of assets of $0.6 million, which is included in our statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012.
In April 2011, we purchased the assets of a one-plant ready-mixed concrete operation in our west Texas market for $0.2 million in cash. In October 2010, we acquired three ready-mixed concrete plants and related assets in our west Texas market for approximately $3.0 million, plus the value of the inventory on hand at closing. We made cash payments of $0.4 million at closing and issued promissory notes for the remaining $2.6 million, at an annual interest rate of 5%. We made cash payments on these notes of approximately $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2012.
During the second quarter of 2010, we made the decision to dispose of some of our transport equipment in northern California, and classified these assets as held for sale. These assets were recorded at the estimated fair value less costs to sell of approximately $0.8 million. In March 2011, we completed the sale of our transport equipment for approximately $0.9 million.
In August 2010, we entered into a redemption agreement to have our 60% interest in our Michigan subsidiary, Superior Materials Holdings, LLC, or Superior, redeemed by Superior. At the closing of the redemption on September 30, 2010, the Company and certain of our subsidiaries paid $640,000 in cash and issued a $1.5 million promissory note to Superior as partial consideration for certain indemnifications and other consideration provided by the minority owner and their new joint venture partner pursuant to the redemption agreement. In each of January 2011 and January 2012, we made payments of $750,000 to complete payment of the promissory note.
For additional discussion on our acquisitions and divestitures, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in this report.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this report describes the significant accounting policies we use in preparing those statements. We believe the most complex and sensitive judgments, because of their significance to our financial statements, result primarily from the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. We have listed below those policies which we believe are critical and involve complex judgment in their application to our financial statements. Actual results in these areas could differ from our estimates.
Goodwill
We record as goodwill the amount by which the total purchase price we pay in our acquisition transactions exceeds our estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets we acquire. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more often if events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. Generally, we test for goodwill impairment in the fourth quarter of each year, using a two-step process, which requires us to make certain judgments and assumptions in our calculations. The first step of the process involves estimating the fair value of our reporting units and comparing the result to the reporting unit's carrying value. We estimate fair value using an equally weighted combination of discounted cash flows and multiples of revenue and EBITDA. The discounted cash flow model includes forecasts for revenue and cash flows discounted at our weighted average cost of capital. Multiples of revenue and EBITDA are calculated using the trailing twelve months results compared to the enterprise value of the Company, which is determined based on the combination of the market value of our capital stock and total outstanding
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debt. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, the second step is not performed and no impairment is recorded. If however, the fair value is below the carrying value, a second step is performed to calculate the amount of the impairment by measuring the goodwill at an implied fair value. We tested for impairment during the fourth quarter of 2012 and 2011 for our reporting unit with existing goodwill and determined that the fair value for the reporting unit well exceeded the carrying value, thus there was no impairment. Our fair value estimate was determined using estimates and assumption we believed to be reasonable at the time. Changes in those assumptions or estimates could impact the calculated fair value of the reporting unit. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in this report for additional information about our goodwill.
Insurance Programs
We maintain third-party insurance coverage in amounts and against the risks we believe are reasonable. We share the risk of loss with our insurance underwriters by maintaining high deductibles subject to aggregate annual loss limitations. We believe our workers’ compensation, automobile and general liability per occurrence retentions are consistent with industry practices, although there are variations among our business units. We fund these deductibles and record an expense for losses we expect under the programs. We determine the expected losses using a combination of our historical loss experience and subjective assessments of our future loss exposure. The estimated losses are subject to uncertainty from various sources, including changes in claims reporting and settlement patterns, judicial decisions, new legislation and economic conditions. Although we believe the estimated losses are reasonable, significant differences related to the items we have noted above could materially affect our insurance obligations and future expense. The amount accrued for self-insurance claims was $9.0 million as of December 31, 2012, compared to $9.9 million as of December 31, 2011, which is currently classified in accrued liabilities. The decrease in 2012 was primarily attributable to improved loss experience.
Income Taxes
We use the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, we record deferred income taxes based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and use enacted tax rates and laws that we expect will be in effect when we recover those assets or settle those liabilities, as the case may be, to measure those taxes. In cases where the expiration date of tax loss carryforwards or the projected operating results indicate that realization is not likely, we provide for a valuation allowance.
We have deferred tax assets, resulting from deductible temporary differences that may reduce taxable income in future periods. A valuation allowance is required when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we estimate future taxable income, considering the feasibility of ongoing tax-planning strategies and the realizability of tax loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets can be impacted by changes in tax laws, changes in statutory tax rates and future taxable income levels. If we were to determine that we would not be able to realize all or a portion of our deferred tax assets in the future, we would reduce such amounts through a charge to income in the period in which that determination is made. Conversely, if we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net carrying amounts, we would decrease the recorded valuation allowance through an increase to income in the period in which that determination is made. Based on the assessment, we recorded a valuation allowance of $44.9 million at December 31, 2012 and $38.8 million at December 31, 2011. In determining the valuation allowance in 2012 and 2011, we used such factors as (i) cumulative federal taxable losses, (ii) the amount of deferred tax liabilities that we generally expect to reverse in the same period and jurisdiction that are of the same character as the temporary differences giving rise to our deferred tax assets and (iii) certain tax contingencies under authoritative accounting guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes which, should they materialize, would be offset by our net operating loss generated in 2008 through 2012. We provided a valuation allowance in 2012 and 2011 related to certain federal and state income tax attributes we did not believe we could utilize within the tax loss carryforward periods.
In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions. We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have recorded the highest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. See Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets when changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. We compare the carrying values of long-lived assets to our projection of future undiscounted cash flows attributable to those assets. If the carrying value of a long-lived asset exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows we project to be derived from that asset, we record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value. Actual useful lives and future cash flows could be different from those we estimate. These differences could have a material effect on our future operating results.
Derivative Instruments
We are exposed to certain risks relating to our ongoing business operations. However, derivative instruments are not used to hedge these risks. We are required to account for derivative instruments as a result of the issuance of the Warrants and Convertible Notes on August 31, 2010. None of our derivatives manage business risk or are executed for speculative purposes. All derivatives are required to be recorded on the balance sheet at their fair values. Each quarter, we determine the fair value of our derivative liabilities, and changes result in income or loss. Fair value is estimated using a lattice model for the Convertible Notes embedded derivative and a Black-Scholes model for the Warrants. The key inputs in determining fair value of our derivative liabilities of $22.0 million and $2.3 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, include our stock price, stock price volatility, risk free interest rates and interest rates for conventional debt of similarly situated companies. Changes in these inputs will impact the valuation of our derivatives and result in income or loss each quarterly period. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included in this report for additional information about our derivatives.
Other
We record accruals for legal and other contingencies when estimated future expenditures associated with those contingencies become probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. However, new information may become available, or circumstances (such as applicable laws and regulations) may change, thereby resulting in an increase or decrease in the amount required to be accrued for such matters (and, therefore, a decrease or increase in reported net income in the period of such change).
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of recently adopted accounting standards, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this report.
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Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2011
The following table sets forth selected historical statement of operations information and that information as a percentage of revenue for each of the periods indicated, as well as the increase or decrease from the prior year in dollars and percent.
| (amounts in thousands, except selling prices) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase / (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 531,047 | 100.0 | % | $ | 445,804 | 100.0 | $ | 85,243 | 19.1 | % | ||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization: | 455,825 | 85.8 | 393,719 | 88.3 | 62,106 | 15.8 | |||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 58,978 | 11.1 | 49,152 | 11.0 | 9,826 | 20.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets | (649 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (1,221 | ) | (0.3 | ) | 572 | 46.8 | |||||||||||
| Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 15,676 | 3.0 | 18,586 | 4.2 | (2,910 | ) | (15.7 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 1,217 | 0.2 | (14,432 | ) | (3.2 | ) | 15,649 | 108.4 | |||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | (11,344 | ) | (2.1 | ) | (11,057 | ) | (2.5 | ) | (287 | ) | 2.6 | ||||||||||
| Derivative (loss) income | (19,725 | ) | (3.7 | ) | 13,422 | 3.0 | (33,147 | ) | (247.0 | ) | |||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | (2,630 | ) | (0.5 | ) | — | — | (2,630 | ) | — | ||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 2,973 | 0.6 | 1,138 | 0.3 | 1,835 | 161.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | (29,509 | ) | (5.6 | ) | (10,929 | ) | (2.5 | ) | (18,580 | ) | (170.0 | ) | |||||||||
| Income tax benefit | (3,760 | ) | (0.7 | ) | (779 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (2,981 | ) | (382.7 | ) | |||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | (25,749 | ) | (4.8 | ) | (10,150 | ) | (2.3 | ) | (15,599 | ) | (153.7 | ) | |||||||||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | 10 | — | (1,553 | ) | (0.3 | ) | 1,563 | 100.6 | |||||||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | (25,739 | ) | (4.8 | )% | $ | (11,703 | ) | (2.6 | )% | $ | (14,036 | ) | (119.9 | )% | ||||||
| Ready-mixed Concrete Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Average selling price per cubic yard | $ | 97.59 | $ | 94.48 | $ | 3.11 | 3.3 | % | |||||||||||||
| Sales volume in cubic yards | 4,839 | 4,047 | 792 | 19.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Aggregates Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Average selling price per ton | $ | 7.89 | $ | 7.46 | $ | 0.43 | 5.8 | % | |||||||||||||
| Sales volume in tons | 3,407 | 2,741 | 666 | 24.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue. Our 2012 total revenue increased by $85.2 million, or 19.1%, from $445.8 million in the 2011 period to $531.0 million in the 2012 period, due to increased sales of ready-mixed concrete. Ready-mixed sales increased $85.8 million, or 22.1%, from $388.1 million in the 2011 period to $473.8 million in the 2012 period, driven by a 19.6% volume increase and a 3.3% increase in our average selling price. Sales of aggregates increased to $32.0 million in the 2012 period from $23.9 million in the 2011 period, an increase of $8.1 million, or 34.0%, due to a 24.3% increase in volume and a 5.8% increase in average selling price. Other product revenues and eliminations, which includes our building materials, precast concrete products, lime slurry, hauling business, and eliminations of our intersegment sales, decreased $8.6 million, or 25.5%, to $25.2 million in the 2012 period from $33.9 million in the 2011 period, primarily due to increased intersegment eliminations for aggregate sales made to our ready-mixed concrete segment.
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Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization. Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization, or DD&A, increased $62.1 million, or 15.8%, from $393.7 million in the 2011 period to $455.8 million in the 2012 period. Our costs increased primarily due to volume growth in our two segments - ready-mixed concrete and aggregates - resulting in higher material costs, delivery costs, and plant variable costs, which includes primarily labor and benefits, utilities, and repairs and maintenance. Plant fixed costs, which primarily consists of leased equipment costs, property taxes, dispatch costs, and plant management, remained relatively flat year over year.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses increased $9.8 million, or 20.0%, in the 2012 period. Our increased SG&A costs were primarily a result of approximately $2.5 million of costs associated with the relocation of our corporate headquarters from Houston, Texas to Euless, Texas during 2012, as well as $3.4 million for higher bonus accruals, $1.9 million in higher legal fees, which included fees related to our acquisitions and divestitures during the year, and $0.4 million in higher non-cash stock compensation. SG&A expenses in 2011 included approximately $2.8 million of costs related to the departure of our former President and Chief Executive Officer and the costs related to the hiring of our new President and Chief Executive Officer in August 2011. As a percentage of total revenue, SG&A expenses were relatively flat at 11.1% in 2012 versus 11.0% in 2011.
Gain on sale of assets. We recorded a gain on sale of assets of $0.6 million in 2012 versus $1.2 million in 2011. In 2012, we sold certain of our land and buildings in northern California during the fourth quarter of 2012, for which we recorded a gain of $0.6 million. Our gain on sale of assets in 2011 included sales of excess vehicles, land and equipment.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for 2012 decreased $2.9 million, or 15.7%, to $15.7 million, from $18.6 million for 2011, primarily due to certain assets becoming fully depreciated during 2012.
Income (loss) from operations. Income (loss) from operations increased $15.6 million, or 108.4%, to $1.2 million for 2012 from ($14.4) million for 2011. Increased revenue from both higher volume and higher pricing resulted in increased efficiencies that led to improvements in income from operations as a percentage of revenue, which we refer to as operating margins. Operating margins increased to 0.2% for 2012 compared to (3.2%) for 2011.
Interest expense, net. Net interest expense for 2012 was relatively flat at $11.3 million for 2012, compared to $11.1 million for 2011, reflecting interest on borrowings under our credit facilities, interest on our Convertible Notes, and non-cash amortization of our deferred financing costs and the discount on our Convertible Notes.
Derivative income (loss). For the 2012 period, we recorded a non-cash loss on derivative of $19.7 million related to fair value changes in our embedded Convertible Notes derivative and the Warrants. This was a $33.1 million change from the 2011 period, when we recorded a non-cash gain on derivative of $13.4 million. All derivatives are required to be recorded on the balance sheet at their fair values in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or U.S. GAAP. Each quarter, we determine the fair value of our derivative liabilities and any changes result in income or loss for the period. The key inputs in determining fair value of our derivative liabilities include our stock price, stock price volatility, risk free interest rates and interest rates for conventional debt of similarly situated companies. Changes in these inputs will impact the valuation of our derivatives and result in income or loss each quarterly period. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a non-cash loss from fair value changes in our Convertible Notes embedded derivative of approximately $15.5 million, primarily due to an increase in the price of our common stock and changes in our stock price volatility. In addition, we recorded a non-cash loss from fair value changes in the Warrants during 2012 of approximately $4.2 million due primarily to the increase in the price of our common stock.
Loss on extinguishment of debt. In the third quarter of 2012, we recorded a $2.6 million non-cash charge to write-off the unamortized balance of our deferred costs associated with the 2010 Credit Agreement that was terminated concurrently with the August 2012 signing of the 2012 Credit Agreement.
Other income, net. Other income for the 2012 period was $3.0 million compared to $1.1 million for the 2011 period. The increase in 2012 was primarily due to the receipt of $0.5 million in royalty payments related to mineral rights on a property in west Texas received during the second quarter of 2012, and the receipt of $0.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2012 for an insurance settlement related to litigation filed in previous years for which no benefit was expected to be received by the Company.
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Income tax benefit. We recorded an income tax benefit allocated to continuing operations of approximately $3.8 million and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Our effective tax rate differs substantially from the federal statutory rate primarily due to the application of a valuation allowance that reduced the recognized benefit of our deferred tax assets. In addition, certain state income taxes are calculated on bases different than pre-tax income (loss). This resulted in recording income tax expense in certain states that experience a pre-tax loss.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the recognized value of deferred tax assets must be reduced to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized in future periods. The ultimate realization of the benefit of deferred tax assets from deductible temporary differences or tax carryovers depends on the generation of sufficient taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on these considerations, we relied upon the reversal of certain deferred tax liabilities to realize a portion of our deferred tax assets and established a valuation allowance as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, for other deferred tax assets because of uncertainty regarding their ultimate realization. Our total net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $0.5 million and $1.1 million for each year, respectively.
We reorganized pursuant to Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code under the terms of our Plan with an effective date of August 31, 2010. Under our Plan, our previously outstanding 8.375% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014 were cancelled, giving rise to cancellation of indebtedness income, or CODI. The Internal Revenue Code, or IRC, provides that CODI arising under a plan of bankruptcy reorganization is excludible from taxable income, but the debtor must reduce certain of its tax attributes by the amount of CODI realized under the Plan. Our CODI and required tax attribute reduction did not cause a significant change in our recorded deferred tax liability. Our required reduction in tax attributes, or deferred tax assets, was accompanied by a corresponding release of valuation allowance that is currently reducing the carrying value of such tax attributes.
We underwent a change in ownership for purposes of Section 382 of the IRC as a result of our Plan and emergence from Chapter 11 on August 31, 2010. As a result, the amount of our pre-change net operating losses, or NOL's, and other tax attributes that are available to offset future taxable income are subject to an annual limitation. The annual limitation is based on the value of the corporation as of the effective date of the Plan. The ownership change and the resulting annual limitation on use of NOLs are not expected to result in the expiration of our NOL carryforwards if we are able to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carryforward periods. However, the limitation on the amount of NOLs available to offset taxable income in a specific year may result in the payment of income taxes before all NOLs have been utilized. Additionally, a subsequent ownership change may result in further limitation on the ability to utilize existing NOLs and other tax attributes.
Gain (loss) from discontinued operations. On August 2, 2012, we executed a definitive asset purchase agreement to sell substantially all of the Company's California precast operations to Oldcastle for $21.3 million in cash, plus net working capital adjustments. The assets purchased by Oldcastle included certain facilities, fixed assets, and working capital items. The transaction was completed on August 20, 2012. For 2012, we recognized a $1.5 million gain from the sale of these operations. The gain, results of operations, and income tax expense for these units have been included in discontinued operations for the periods presented.
On December 17, 2012, we completed the sale of substantially all of our assets associated with Smith located in Phoenix, Arizona, to Jensen for $4.3 million in cash and the assumption of certain obligations. The assets purchased by Jensen included certain facilities, fixed assets, and working capital items. In addition, Jensen assumed the obligations of a capital lease previously held by Smith. We recognized a $0.6 million gain in the fourth quarter of 2012 from the sale of these operations. The results of operations for this unit have been included in discontinued operations for the periods presented.
36
Segment information
Ready-mixed concrete
The following table sets forth key financial information for our ready-mixed concrete segment for the periods indicated:
| (amounts in thousands, except selling prices) | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Increase / (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | $ or cubic yards, as applicable | % | ||||||||||||
| Ready-mixed Concrete Segment | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 473,807 | $ | 388,056 | $ | 85,751 | 22.1 | % | |||||||
| Segment revenue as a percentage of total revenue | 89.2 | % | 87.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 41,486 | $ | 22,205 | $ | 19,281 | 86.8 | % | |||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue | 8.8 | % | 5.7 | % | |||||||||||
| Ready-mixed Concrete Data: | |||||||||||||||
| Average selling price per cubic yard | $ | 97.59 | $ | 94.48 | $ | 3.11 | 3.3 | % | |||||||
| Sales volume in thousands of cubic yards | 4,839 | 4,047 | 792 | 19.6 | % | ||||||||||
Revenue. Our ready-mixed concrete sales provided 89.2% of our total revenue in 2012, versus 87.0% in 2011. Segment revenue increased $85.8 million, or 22.1%, over 2011 levels. This increase was driven primarily by a 19.6% increase in sales volume, or 0.8 million cubic yards. Increased volume provided $74.8 million, or approximately 87.3%, of our ready-mixed concrete revenue growth. We also experienced an approximate 3.3% increase in our ready-mix average selling price per cubic yard during 2012 when compared to 2011. Increased selling price contributed $12.6 million, or 14.7%, of our revenue growth. Increased sales reserves reduced our revenues by $1.3 million, or 1.4%. Our volume was higher in all of our major markets, excluding the New York/New Jersey area, which was down slightly versus prior year and was impacted by Hurricane Sandy. Our average selling price increased in all of our major markets.
Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA for our ready-mixed concrete segment increased from $22.2 million in the 2011 period to $41.5 million in the 2012 period, an increase of $19.3 million, or 86.8%. Driving this increase was a 19.6% increase in sales volume plus a 3.3% increase in our average selling price, which increased total revenue by $85.8 million. Partially offsetting the higher revenue was the increased cost of goods sold associated with the higher volume of sales. Our variable costs, which include primarily material costs, labor and benefits costs, utilities, and delivery costs, were all higher due to the higher volume. Conversely, we were able to spread our fixed plant costs, which consist primarily of property taxes, equipment rental, and plant management costs, which were flat year over year, over a higher volume, resulting in greater efficiencies and higher segment Adjusted EBITDA. Segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenues increased to 8.8% in 2012 from 5.7% in the 2011 period, reflecting primarily the higher revenues and greater efficiencies.
37
Aggregate Products
The following table sets forth key financial information for our aggregate products segment for the periods indicated:
| (amounts in thousands, except selling prices) | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Increase / (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | $ or tons, as applicable | % | ||||||||||||
| Aggregate Products Segment | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 31,997 | $ | 23,877 | $ | 8,120 | 34.0 | % | |||||||
| Segment revenue as a percentage of total revenue | 6.0 | % | 5.4 | % | |||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 4,142 | $ | 3,203 | $ | 939 | 29.3 | % | |||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue | 12.9 | % | 13.4 | % | |||||||||||
| Aggregates Data: | |||||||||||||||
| Average selling price per ton | $ | 7.89 | $ | 7.46 | $ | 0.43 | 5.8 | % | |||||||
| Sales volume in thousands of tons | 3,407 | 2,741 | 666 | 24.3 | % | ||||||||||
Revenue. Sales of our aggregate products provided 6.0% of our total revenue in 2012, compared to 5.4% in 2011. Segment revenue increased $8.1 million, or 34.0%, over prior year sales. We sell our aggregates to external customers and also sell them internally to our ready-mixed concrete segment at a market price. Approximately 42.9% of our 2012 aggregates sales, or $13.7 million, were to our ready-mixed segment, versus 43.8%, or $10.5 million, in 2011. Contributing to our overall aggregates revenue growth was a volume increase of 0.7 million tons, which provided $5.0 million, or 61.2%, of our aggregates revenue growth. Our average selling price rose 5.8%, which provided $1.2 million, or 14.5%, of our aggregates revenue increase. In addition, freight charges to deliver the aggregates to the external customer, which are included in revenue, increased $1.4 million during 2012 and contributed 16.9% to our aggregates revenue growth.
Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA for our aggregates segment increased to $4.1 million in the 2012 period from $3.2 million in the 2011 period, primarily reflecting the higher sales volume, partially offset by the related higher cost of goods sold. Our variable costs associated with cost of goods sold, which includes quarry labor and benefits, utilities, repairs and maintenance, pit costs to prepare the stone and gravel for use, and delivery costs, all increased due to the higher sales volumes. Our quarry fixed costs, which includes primarily property taxes, equipment rental, and plant management costs, increased slightly over the prior year, primarily due to higher overhead costs. Overall, our segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue decreased to 12.9% in 2012 from 13.4% in 2011, primarily due to the increase in fixed costs.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to certain risks relating to our ongoing business operations. However, derivative instruments are not used to hedge these risks. We are required to account for derivative instruments as a result of the issuance of the Warrants and Convertible Notes associated with our Plan of Reorganization. None of our derivatives manage business risk or are executed for speculative purposes.
All derivatives are required to be recorded on the balance sheet at their fair values. Each quarter, we determine the fair value of our derivative liabilities, and changes result in income or loss. The key inputs in determining fair value of our derivative liabilities of $22.0 million and $2.3 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, include our stock price, stock price volatility, risk free interest rates and interest rates for conventional debt of similarly situated companies. Changes in these inputs will impact the valuation of our derivatives and result in income or loss each quarterly period. A 5% increase in the stock price, volatility and risk free interest rates would increase the value of our warrant derivative liability by approximately $1.1 million, resulting in a loss in the same amount. A 5% decrease would result in a decrease in the warrant derivative liability of approximately $1.1 million, and an increase in income of the same amount. A 5% increase in the stock price, volatility and conventional debt interest rates would
38
increase the value of our embedded Convertible Notes derivative liability by approximately $1.3 million, resulting in a loss in the same amount. A 5% decrease would result in a decrease in the value of our embedded Convertible Notes derivative liability of approximately $2.1 million, and an increase in income of the same amount. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded losses from fair value changes in our embedded Convertible Notes derivative of approximately $15.5 million, due primarily to an increase in the price of our common stock. Additionally, we recorded income from fair value changes in our Warrants of approximately $4.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, due primarily to the increase in the price of our common stock.
Borrowings under our 2012 Revolving Facility expose us to certain market risks. Interest on amounts drawn varies based on the floating rates under the agreement. Based on the $13.3 million outstanding under this facility as of December 31, 2012, a one percent change in the applicable rate would change our annual interest expense by $0.1 million.
Our operations are subject to factors affecting the overall strength of the U.S. economy and economic conditions impacting financial institutions, including the level of interest rates, availability of funds for construction and level of general construction activity. A significant decrease in the level of general construction activity in any of our market areas has had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated revenues and earnings.
39
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page | |
40
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Shareholders
U.S. Concrete, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of U.S. Concrete, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of U.S. Concrete, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 8, 2013
41
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of U.S. Concrete, Inc.:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2011 and the related consolidated statement of operations, changes in equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011 present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of U.S. Concrete, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2011 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Houston, Texas
March 14, 2012, except for the effects of discontinued operations discussed in Note 3 and the changes in reportable segments discussed in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is March 8, 2013
42
U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, including share amounts)
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 4,751 | $ | 4,229 | ||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | 84,034 | 82,195 | ||||||
| Inventories | 25,001 | 33,156 | ||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 2,835 | 4,573 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses | 3,651 | 3,785 | ||||||
| Other receivables | 4,414 | 3,224 | ||||||
| Other current assets | 3,080 | 2,738 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 127,766 | 133,900 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 120,871 | 126,225 | ||||||
| Goodwill | 10,717 | 1,481 | ||||||
| Purchased intangible assets, net | 15,033 | — | ||||||
| Other assets | 5,337 | 8,048 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 279,724 | $ | 269,654 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 1,861 | $ | 615 | ||||
| Accounts payable | 48,880 | 46,749 | ||||||
| Accrued liabilities | 36,430 | 31,233 | ||||||
| Derivative liabilities | 22,030 | 2,305 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 109,201 | 80,902 | ||||||
| Long-term debt, net of current maturities | 61,598 | 60,471 | ||||||
| Other long-term obligations and deferred credits | 13,114 | 6,547 | ||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 3,287 | 5,654 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 187,200 | 153,574 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 23) | ||||||||
| Equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share (10,000 shares authorized; none issued) | — | — | ||||||
| Common stock, $0.001 par value per share (100,000 shares authorized; 13,358 and 12,867 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively) | 13 | 13 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 136,451 | 133,939 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (43,196 | ) | (17,457 | ) | ||||
| Cost of treasury stock (118 and 60 common shares as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively) | (744 | ) | (415 | ) | ||||
| Total equity | 92,524 | 116,080 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 279,724 | $ | 269,654 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
43
U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Revenue | $ | 531,047 | $ | 445,804 | ||||
| Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization | 455,825 | 393,719 | ||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 58,978 | 49,152 | ||||||
| Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 15,676 | 18,586 | ||||||
| Gain on sale of assets | (649 | ) | (1,221 | ) | ||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 1,217 | (14,432 | ) | |||||
| Interest expense, net | (11,344 | ) | (11,057 | ) | ||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | (2,630 | ) | — | |||||
| Derivative (loss) income | (19,725 | ) | 13,422 | |||||
| Other income, net | 2,973 | 1,138 | ||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | (29,509 | ) | (10,929 | ) | ||||
| Income tax benefit | (3,760 | ) | (779 | ) | ||||
| Loss from continuing operations | (25,749 | ) | (10,150 | ) | ||||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | 10 | (1,553 | ) | |||||
| Net loss | $ | (25,739 | ) | $ | (11,703 | ) | ||
| Loss per share: | ||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | $ | (2.11 | ) | $ | (0.84 | ) | ||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax | — | (0.13 | ) | |||||
| Net loss per share - basic and diluted | $ | (2.11 | ) | $ | (0.97 | ) | ||
| Weighted average shares outstanding: | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted | 12,203 | 12,029 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in thousands)
| Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||
# of Shares | Par Value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Treasury Stock | Total Equity (Deficit) | ||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, January 1, 2011 | 11,928 | $ | 12 | $ | 131,875 | $ | (5,754 | ) | $ | — | $ | 126,133 | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | 1 | 2,064 | — | — | 2,065 | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock unit vesting | 164 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock grants | 835 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of treasury shares | (60 | ) | — | — | — | (415 | ) | (415 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | (11,703 | ) | — | (11,703 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, December 31, 2011 | 12,867 | $ | 13 | $ | 133,939 | $ | (17,457 | ) | $ | (415 | ) | $ | 116,080 | ||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 2,512 | — | — | 2,512 | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock unit vesting | 117 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock grants | 432 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of treasury shares | (58 | ) | — | — | — | (329 | ) | (329 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | (25,739 | ) | — | (25,739 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, December 31, 2012 | 13,358 | $ | 13 | $ | 136,451 | $ | (43,196 | ) | $ | (744 | ) | $ | 92,524 | ||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
45
U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (25,739 | ) | $ | (11,703 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 16,328 | 19,662 | ||||||
| Debt issuance cost amortization | 4,089 | 3,723 | ||||||
| Amortization of discount on long-term incentive plan and other accrued interest | 104 | — | ||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | 2,630 | — | ||||||
| Amortization of facility exit costs | (89 | ) | — | |||||
| Net gain on sale of assets | (2,803 | ) | (1,221 | ) | ||||
| Net loss (gain) on derivative | 19,725 | (13,422 | ) | |||||
| Deferred income taxes | (4,014 | ) | 374 | |||||
| Provision for doubtful accounts | 1,304 | 1,970 | ||||||
| Facility exit costs | 358 | — | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 2,512 | 2,065 | ||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (4,858 | ) | (9,631 | ) | ||||
| Inventories | (209 | ) | (3,460 | ) | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (2,405 | ) | 879 | |||||
| Other assets and liabilities, net | (338 | ) | (152 | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 4,127 | 9,372 | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 10,722 | (1,544 | ) | |||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (8,405 | ) | (6,361 | ) | ||||
| Payments for acquisitions | (28,578 | ) | (250 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment | 5,155 | 2,682 | ||||||
| Proceeds from disposals of business units | 27,022 | — | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (4,806 | ) | (3,929 | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings | 172,546 | 150,239 | ||||||
| Repayments of borrowings | (174,509 | ) | (143,442 | ) | ||||
| Debt issuance costs | (1,825 | ) | (375 | ) | ||||
| Payments for seller financed debt and joint venture | (1,277 | ) | (1,595 | ) | ||||
| Purchase of treasury shares | (329 | ) | (415 | ) | ||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (5,394 | ) | 4,412 | |||||
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 522 | (1,061 | ) | |||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 4,229 | 5,290 | ||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 4,751 | $ | 4,229 | ||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | 7,258 | $ | 7,180 | ||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 263 | $ | 324 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
46
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
Our Company, a Delaware corporation, provides ready-mixed concrete, aggregates and concrete-related products and services to the construction industry in several major markets in the United States. U.S. Concrete, Inc. is a holding company and conducts its businesses through its consolidated subsidiaries. In these notes to consolidated financial statements, or these Notes, we refer to U.S. Concrete, Inc. and its subsidiaries as “we,” “us,” “the Company,” or “U.S. Concrete” unless we specifically state otherwise or the context indicates otherwise.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements consist of the accounts of U.S. Concrete, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated.
On August 20, 2012, we completed the sale of substantially all of the Company's California precast operations to Oldcastle Precast, Inc., or Oldcastle (see Note 2). The results of operations for these units have been included in discontinued operations for the periods presented.
On September 14, 2012, we purchased four ready-mixed concrete plants and related assets and inventory from Colorado River Concrete L.P., Cindy & Robin Concrete, L.P. and E&R Artecona Family Limited Partnership, collectively CRC (see Note 2). Accordingly, all of the assets acquired were recorded at their respective fair values as of the date of the acquisition, and the results of operations are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
On October 30, 2012, we completed the acquisition of all the outstanding equity interests of Bode Gravel Co., a California subchapter S corporation, or Bode Gravel, and Bode Concrete LLC, a California limited liability company, or Bode Concrete, and, together with Bode Gravel, the Bode Companies, pursuant to an equity purchase agreement (see Note 2). Accordingly, all of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their respective fair values as of the date of the acquisition, and the results of operations are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
On December 17, 2012, we completed the sale of substantially all of our assets associated with our Smith Precast operations, or Smith, located in Phoenix, Arizona, to Jensen Enterprises, Inc., or Jensen (see Note 2). The results of operations for this unit have been included in discontinued operations for the periods presented.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We record as cash equivalents all highly liquid investments having maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. Cash held as collateral or escrowed for contingent liabilities is included in other current and noncurrent assets based on the expected release date of the underlying obligation. As of December 31, 2012 our cash balances, excluding de minimus petty cash funds, were held in bank accounts which were fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC.
Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of cement and other raw materials, aggregates at our pits and quarries, precast concrete products and building materials that we hold for sale or use in the ordinary course of business. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or fair market value using the average cost and first-in, first-out methods. We reduce the carrying value of our inventories for estimated excess and obsolete inventories equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and its estimated realizable value based upon assumptions about future product demand and market conditions. Once the new cost basis is established, the value is not increased with any changes in circumstances that would indicate an increase after the remeasurement. If actual product demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, inventory write-downs may be required that could result in a material change to our consolidated results of operations or financial position.
47
U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Prepaid Expenses
Prepaid expenses primarily include amounts we have paid for insurance, licenses, taxes, rent and maintenance contracts. We expense or amortize all prepaid amounts as used or over the period of benefit, as applicable.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
We state property, plant and equipment at cost and use the straight-line method to compute depreciation of these assets other than mineral deposits over the following estimated useful lives: buildings and land improvements, from 10 to 40 years; machinery and equipment, from 10 to 30 years; mixers, trucks and other vehicles, from one to 12 years; and other, from three to 10 years. We capitalize leasehold improvements on properties held under operating leases and amortize those costs over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the applicable lease term. We compute depletion of mineral deposits as such deposits are extracted utilizing the units-of-production method. We expense maintenance and repair costs when incurred and capitalize and depreciate expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of our existing assets. When we retire or dispose of property, plant or equipment, we remove the related cost and accumulated depreciation from our accounts and reflect any resulting gain or loss in our statements of operations.
Impairment of Long-lived assets
We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Such evaluations for impairment are significantly impacted by estimates of future prices for our products, capital needs, economic trends in the applicable construction sector and other factors. If we consider such assets to be impaired, the impairment we recognize is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reflected at the lower of their carrying amounts, or fair values, less cost to sell. We test for impairment using a multi-tiered approach that incorporates an equal weighting to a multiple of earnings and an equal weighting to discounted estimated future cash flows.
Intangible Assets Including Goodwill
Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. They are amortized on a straight-line approach based on the estimated useful life of each asset. Goodwill represents the amount by which the total purchase price we have paid for acquisitions exceeds our estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment within the reporting unit on an annual basis. We generally test for intangible asset impairment in the fourth quarter of each year, because this period gives us the best visibility of the reporting units’ operating performances for the current year (seasonally, April through October are our highest revenue and production months), and our outlook for the upcoming year, since much of our customer base is finalizing operating and capital budgets during the fourth quarter. The impairment test we use involves estimating the fair value of our reporting units and comparing the result to the reporting unit's carrying value. We estimate fair value using an equally weighted combination of discounted cash flows and multiples of revenue and EBITDA. The discounted cash flow model includes forecasts for revenue and cash flows discounted at our weighted average cost of capital. Multiples of revenue and EBITDA are calculated using the trailing twelve months results compared to the enterprise value of the Company, which is determined based on the combination of the market value of our capital stock and total outstanding debt. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, the second step is not performed and no impairment is recorded. If however, the fair value is below the carrying value, a second step is performed to calculate the amount of the impairment by measuring the goodwill at an implied fair value. See Note 4 for further discussion of our goodwill and purchased intangible assets.
Debt Issue Costs
We amortize debt issue costs related to our $80.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility, or 2012 Revolving Facility, and our 9.5% Convertible Secured Notes due 2015, or Convertible Notes, as interest expense over the scheduled maturity period of the debt. Unamortized debt issuance costs were $4.2 million and $7.2 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We include unamortized debt issue costs in other assets. See Note 9 for additional information regarding our debt, and Note 10 regarding our extinguishment of debt during 2012.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We provide an allowance for accounts receivable we believe may not be collected in full. A provision for bad debt expense recorded to selling, general and administrative expenses increases the allowance. Accounts receivable are written off when we determine the receivable will not be collected. Accounts receivable that we write off our books decrease the allowance. We determine the amount of bad debt expense we record each period and the resulting adequacy of the allowance at the end of each period by using a combination of historical loss experience, a customer-by-customer analysis of our accounts receivable balances each period and subjective assessments of our bad debt exposure.
Revenue and Expenses
We derive substantially all of our revenue from the production and delivery of ready-mixed concrete, aggregates, precast concrete products, and related building materials. We recognize revenue, net of sales tax, when products are delivered, selling price is fixed or determinable, pursuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, and collection is reasonably assured. Amounts billed to customers for delivery costs are classified as a component of total revenues and the related delivery costs (excluding depreciation) are classified as a component of total cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of product costs and operating expenses (excluding depreciation, depletion and amortization). Operating expenses consist primarily of wages, benefits, insurance and other expenses attributable to plant operations, repairs and maintenance, and delivery costs. Selling expenses consist primarily of sales commissions, salaries of sales managers, travel and entertainment expenses, and trade show expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of executive and administrative compensation and benefits, office rent, utilities, communication and technology expenses, provision for doubtful accounts, and legal and professional fees.
Deferred Rent
We recognize escalating lease payments on a straight-line basis over the term of each respective lease with the difference between cash payment and rent expense recognized being recorded as deferred rent (included in accrued liabilities) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Insurance Programs
We maintain third-party insurance coverage against certain risks. Under our insurance programs, we share the risk of loss with our insurance underwriters by maintaining high deductibles subject to aggregate annual loss limitations. In connection with these automobile, general liability and workers’ compensation insurance programs, we have entered into standby letters of credit agreements totaling $12.2 million at December 31, 2012. We fund our deductibles and record an expense for losses we expect under the programs. We determine expected losses using a combination of our historical loss experience and subjective assessments of our future loss exposure. The estimated losses are subject to uncertainty from various sources, including changes in claim reporting patterns, claim settlement patterns, judicial decisions, legislation and economic conditions. The amounts accrued for self-insured claims were $9.0 million as of December 31, 2012 and $9.9 million as of December 31, 2011. We include these accruals in accrued liabilities.
Income Taxes
We use the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, we record deferred income taxes based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and use enacted tax rates and laws that we expect will be in effect when we recover those assets or settle those liabilities, as the case may be, to measure those taxes. We record a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We have a valuation allowance of $44.9 million and $38.8 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, trade payables, long-term debt, other long-term obligations, and derivative liabilities. We consider the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables to be representative of their respective fair values because of their short-term maturities or expected settlement dates. The carrying value of outstanding amounts under our 2012 Revolving Facility approximates fair value due to the floating interest rate, and the fair value of our Convertible Notes was approximately $68.8 million at December 31, 2012. The fair value of the embedded derivative in our Convertible Notes that was bifurcated and separately valued was $17.2 million at December 31,
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
2012 and the fair value of issued Warrants was $4.9 million at the same date. The fair value of our long-term incentive plan associated with the acquisition of the Bode Companies was $7.0 million at December 31, 2012. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our derivative liabilities, Note 12 regarding our other long-term obligations, and Note 13 regarding our fair value disclosures.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, requires the use of estimates and assumptions by management in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions that we consider significant in the preparation of our financial statements include those related to our allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill, intangibles, accruals for self-insurance, income taxes, the valuation of inventory and the valuation and useful lives of property, plant and equipment.
Stripping Costs
We include post-production stripping costs in the cost of inventory produced during the period these costs are incurred. Post-production stripping costs represent stripping costs incurred after the first salable minerals are extracted from the mine.
Loss Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period after giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. See Note 19 for additional information regarding our earnings (loss) per share.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income represents all changes in equity of an entity during the reporting period, except those resulting from investments by and distributions to stockholders. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, no differences existed between our consolidated net income and our consolidated comprehensive income.
Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based employee compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award. We recognize expense over the employee’s requisite service period, generally the vesting period of the award, or in the case of performance-based awards, over the life of the derived service period. The related excess tax benefit received upon exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted stock, if any, is reflected in the statement of cash flows as a financing activity rather than an operating activity. See Note 18 for additional information regarding our stock-based compensation plans.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued an amendment to its indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment testing guidance to simplify how entities test for indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments. The objective of the amendment is to reduce cost and complexity by providing an entity with the option to make a qualitative assessment about the likelihood that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired to determine whether it should perform a quantitative impairment test. The amendment also enhances the consistency of impairment testing guidance amount long-lived asset categories by permitting an entity to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to calculate the asset's fair value when testing an indefinite-lived intangible asset for impairment, which is equivalent to the impairment testing requirements for other long-lived assets. The amendment is effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, although early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance on the first day of fiscal year 2013 to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In September 2011, the FASB issued authoritative accounting guidance related to “Disclosures about an Employer's Participation in a Multiemployer Plan,” which amended existing authoritative accounting guidance related to “Compensation-
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Retirement Benefits-Multiemployer Plans.” The update requires additional disclosures regarding the significant multiemployer plans in which an employer participates, the level of an employer's participation including contributions made, and whether the contributions made represent more than five percent of the total contributions made to the plan by all contributing employers. The expanded disclosures also address the financial health of significant multiemployer plans including the funded status and existence of funding improvement plans, the existence of imposed surcharges on contributions to the plan, as well as the nature of employer commitments to the plan. The guidance was effective for annual periods for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2011. The amendments have been applied for all prior periods presented. See Note 24 for this disclosure.
In September 2011, the FASB issued authoritative accounting guidance, which relates to testing goodwill for impairment and amends current guidance to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. The guidance permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in existing authoritative accounting guidance. Under this amendment, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. This pronouncement became effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
2. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Sale of California Precast Operations
On August 2, 2012, we executed a definitive asset purchase agreement to sell substantially all of the Company's California precast operations to Oldcastle for $21.3 million in cash, plus net working capital adjustments. The assets purchased by Oldcastle included certain facilities, fixed assets, and working capital items. The transaction was completed on August 20, 2012. The results of operations for these units have been included in discontinued operations for the periods presented.
In conjunction with the Oldcastle agreement, we also entered into certain sublease and license agreements with Oldcastle for certain land and property that is leased or owned by us. As the sublease and license agreements provide payment for the full amount of our obligation under the leases, we did not record any liability for exit obligations associated with these agreements.
Purchase of Colorado River Concrete Assets
On September 14, 2012, we purchased four ready-mixed concrete plants and related assets and inventory from CRC in our west Texas market for $2.4 million in cash and a $1.9 million promissory note at an annual interest rate of 4.5%, which will be paid in twenty-four equal monthly installments beginning in January 2013. The purchase of these assets allows us to expand our business in two of our major markets; west Texas and north Texas. We acquired plant and equipment valued at $3.2 million, inventory valued at $0.2 million, and goodwill valued at $1.0 million. No liabilities were assumed in the purchase. The goodwill ascribed to the purchase is related to the synergies we expect to achieve with expansion of these areas in which we already operate. We expect the goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes.
Purchase of Bode Gravel and Bode Concrete Equity Interests
On October 30, 2012, we completed the acquisition of all the outstanding equity interests of the Bode Companies pursuant to an equity purchase agreement, dated October 17, 2012. Bode Gravel and Bode Concrete operated two ready-mixed concrete plants, one new portable plant, and 41 mixer trucks in the San Francisco area and produced approximately 243,000 cubic yards of ready-mix concrete in 2011. The purchase price for the acquisition, which is subject to specified post-closing adjustments, was $24.5 million in cash, plus working capital and closing adjustments of $1.6 million, plus potential earn-out payments, contingent upon reaching negotiated volume hurdles, with an aggregate present value of up to $7.0 million in cash payable over a six-year period, resulting in total consideration fair value of $33.1 million. We funded the acquisition from cash on hand and borrowings under our 2012 Credit Facility.
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date based upon their respective fair values are summarized below (in thousands):
| Bode Companies | |||
| October 30, 2012 | |||
| Accounts receivable | $ | 7,194 | |
| Inventory | 156 | ||
| Property, plant and equipment | 9,284 | ||
| Customer relationships | 13,500 | ||
| Trade name | 1,300 | ||
| Backlog | 800 | ||
| Other assets | 245 | ||
| Assets acquired | $ | 32,479 | |
| Accounts payable | 2,920 | ||
| Accrued expenses | 1,329 | ||
| Deferred tax liability | 3,385 | ||
| Long-term incentive plan | 7,000 | ||
| Liabilities assumed | $ | 14,634 | |
| Goodwill | 8,254 | ||
| Net assets acquired | $ | 26,099 | |
The purchase price allocation has been prepared and recorded on a preliminary basis and may change as additional information becomes available regarding the fair value and tax basis of the assets and liabilities acquired. Changes to the purchase price allocation will be made as soon as practical, but no later than one year from the acquisition date of October 30, 2012. The excess of purchase price over the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed represents the goodwill resulting from the acquisition. The goodwill ascribed to the purchase is related to the synergies we expect to achieve, as well as expansion of our business in the San Francisco, California area in which we already operate. We expect a portion of the goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. See Note 4 for additional information regarding the goodwill and finite-lived intangible assets. See Note 12 for additional information regarding the long-term incentive plan. See Note 17 for additional information regarding income taxes.
The following unaudited pro forma information presents the combined financial results for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 as if the acquisition had been completed on January 1, 2011 (in thousands, except per share information):
| For the year ended December 31, | |||||||
| (unaudited) | |||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | ||||||
| Revenue from continuing operations | $ | 563,706 | $ | 477,778 | |||
| Net loss | $ | (23,966 | ) | $ | (11,858 | ) | |
| Loss per share, basic and diluted | $ | (1.96 | ) | $ | (0.99 | ) | |
The above pro forma results were prepared based on the historical GAAP results of the Company and the Bode Companies, and are not necessarily indicative of what the Company's actual results would have been had the transaction occurred on January 1, 2011. The unaudited pro forma net loss and net loss per share amounts above reflect an adjustment for inclusion of an additional $0.9 million and $2.3 million in amortization of intangibles for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively; exclusion of $0.6 million for severance and related costs for former employees of the Bode Companies; and exclusion of $0.3 million of legal costs incurred by the Company in 2012 related to the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma results do not reflect any operational efficiencies or potential cost savings that may occur as a result of consolidation of the operations.
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Sale of Smith Precast Operations
On December 17, 2012, we completed the sale of substantially all of our assets associated with Smith located in Phoenix, Arizona, to Jensen for $4.3 million in cash and the assumption of certain obligations. The assets purchased by Jensen included certain facilities, fixed assets, and working capital items. In addition, Jensen assumed the obligations of a capital lease previously held by Smith. The results of operations for this unit have been included in discontinued operations for the periods presented.
Other
In October 2006, we acquired certain aggregates product related assets located in New Jersey. As a condition of the purchase agreement, additional consideration would be due if we were able to receive permits that allowed us to mine the minerals from certain areas. In April 2012, we obtained the permits necessary to allow us to mine this area of property. Accordingly, we accrued $1.4 million in additional purchase consideration during the quarter ended June 30, 2012. On October 5, 2012, we signed an agreement with the seller to pay a total of $1.0 million in lieu of the $1.4 million contractual payment due to a lower volume of aggregate assets available to mine than originally contemplated in the agreement. We signed a promissory note for the $1.0 million settlement, payable in eight equal quarterly installments which began in November 2012 at an annual interest rate of 2.5%. We made cash payments on the promissory notes of approximately $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2012.
During the third quarter of 2012, we made the decision to sell certain of our land and buildings in northern California and classified these assets as held for sale. These assets were recorded at the estimated fair value less costs to sell, which approximated net book value of $2.6 million. This transaction closed during the fourth quarter of 2012 and we received $3.2 million in proceeds. Accordingly, we recorded a gain on sale of assets of $0.6 million, which is included in our statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012.
In April 2011, we purchased the assets of a one-plant ready-mixed concrete operation in our west Texas market for $0.2 million in cash. In October 2010, we acquired three ready-mixed concrete plants and related assets in our west Texas market for approximately $3.0 million, plus the value of the inventory on hand at closing. We made cash payments of $0.4 million at closing and issued promissory notes for the remaining $2.6 million at an annual interest rate of 5%. We made cash payments on these notes of approximately $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2012.
During the second quarter of 2010, we made the decision to dispose of some of our transport equipment in northern California, and classified these assets as held for sale. These assets were recorded at the estimated fair value less costs to sell of approximately $0.8 million. In March 2011, we completed the sale of our transport equipment for approximately $0.9 million.
In August 2010, we entered into a redemption agreement to have our 60% interest in our Michigan subsidiary, Superior Materials Holdings, LLC, or Superior, redeemed by Superior. At the closing of the redemption on September 30, 2010, the Company and certain of our subsidiaries paid $640,000 in cash and issued a $1.5 million promissory note to Superior as partial consideration for certain indemnifications and other consideration provided by the minority owner and their new joint venture partner pursuant to the redemption agreement. In each of January 2011 and January 2012, we made payments of $750,000 to complete payment of the promissory note.
The pro forma impacts of our 2012 and 2011 acquisitions, excluding the Bode Companies, have not been included as they were immaterial to our financial statements individually and in the aggregate.
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
As disclosed in Note 2, we completed the sale of our California and Arizona precast units in August 2012 and December 2012, respectively. We have presented the results of operations for all periods as discontinued operations.
The results of discontinued operations included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Revenue | $ | 34,055 | $ | 49,204 | ||||
| Depreciation, depletion and amortization, or DD&A | (652 | ) | (1,076 | ) | ||||
| Operating expenses, excluding DD&A, and other income | (35,553 | ) | (49,684 | ) | ||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | (2,150 | ) | (1,556 | ) | ||||
| Gain on disposal of assets | 2,154 | — | ||||||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations, before income taxes | 4 | (1,556 | ) | |||||
| Income tax benefit | 6 | 3 | ||||||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations | $ | 10 | $ | (1,553 | ) | |||
Below is a summary of the assets and liabilities from our California precast operations on the date of sale with comparable balances as of December 31, 2011 (in thousands):
| August 20, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 85 | $ | 317 | ||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | 7,864 | 8,742 | ||||||
| Inventories | 7,090 | 6,870 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 6,965 | 7,203 | ||||||
| Other assets | 674 | 482 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 22,678 | $ | 23,614 | ||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 2,062 | $ | 3,412 | ||||
| Accrued liabilities | 596 | 1,819 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 2,658 | $ | 5,231 | ||||
Trade accounts receivable was net of allowances of $41 thousand and $0.1 million as of August 20, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Property, plant and equipment was net of accumulated depreciation of $1.4 million and $1.1 million as of August 20, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Below is a summary of the assets and liabilities from our Smith operations on the date of sale with comparable balances as of December 31, 2011(in thousands):
| December 17, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | 2 | ||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | 1,045 | 1,125 | ||||||
| Inventories | 1,642 | 2,003 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,365 | 1,393 | ||||||
| Other assets | — | 89 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 4,052 | $ | 4,612 | ||||
| Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 156 | $ | 147 | ||||
| Accounts payable | 463 | 539 | ||||||
| Accrued liabilities | 98 | 139 | ||||||
| Long-term debt | 137 | 293 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 854 | $ | 1,118 | ||||
Trade accounts receivable was net of allowances of $31 thousand and $0.1 million as of December 17, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Property, plant and equipment was net of accumulated depreciation of $0.5 million and $0.3 million as of December 17, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
4. GOODWILL AND PURCHASED INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Goodwill
We record as goodwill the amount by which the total purchase price we pay in our acquisition transactions exceeds our estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets we acquire. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more often if events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. We generally test for goodwill impairment in the fourth quarter of each year, because this period gives us the best visibility of the reporting units’ operating performances for the current year (seasonally, April through October are our highest revenue and production months) and our outlook for the upcoming year, since much of our customer base is finalizing operating and capital budgets during the fourth quarter. The impairment test we use involves estimating the fair value of our reporting units and comparing the result to the reporting unit's carrying value. We estimate fair value using an equally weighted combination of discounted cash flows and multiples of revenue and EBITDA. The discounted cash flow model includes forecasts for revenue and cash flows discounted at our weighted average cost of capital. Multiples of revenue and EBITDA are calculated using the trailing twelve months results compared to the enterprise value of the Company, which is determined based on the combination of the market value of our capital stock and total outstanding debt.
We acquired three ready-mix concrete plants during October 2010 and four ready mix concrete plants during September 2012 which resulted in the recording of approximately $1.5 million and $1.0 million of goodwill, respectively, for our west Texas operations. We also acquired two ready-mixed concrete plants, one new portable plant, and 41 mixer trucks in the San Francisco area during October 2012 which resulted in the recording of approximately $8.2 million of goodwill. We completed our annual assessment of impairment during the fourth quarter of 2012, and there was no impairment.
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
All goodwill relates to our ready-mixed concrete reportable segment. The change in goodwill from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012 is as follows (in thousands):
| Total | ||||
| Balance at January 1, 2011: | ||||
| Goodwill | $ | 1,481 | ||
| Accumulated impairment | — | |||
| Balance at December 31, 2011 | $ | 1,481 | ||
| Balance on January 1, 2012: | ||||
| Goodwill | $ | 1,481 | ||
| Accumulated impairment | — | |||
| 1,481 | ||||
| Acquisitions (See Note 2) | 9,236 | |||
| Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 10,717 | ||
Intangible Assets
Our intangible assets, which were fair valued and recorded as part of the acquisition of the Bode Companies, completed on October 30, 2012, are as follows (in thousands) as of December 31, 2012:
| Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net | Weighted Average Remaining Life (in years) | |||||||||||
| Customer relationships | $ | 13,500 | $ | (225 | ) | $ | 13,275 | 9.83 | ||||||
| Trade name | 1,300 | (22 | ) | 1,278 | 9.83 | |||||||||
| Backlog | 800 | (320 | ) | 480 | 0.25 | |||||||||
| Total intangible assets | $ | 15,600 | $ | (567 | ) | $ | 15,033 | 9.52 | ||||||
The values of the customer relationships and trade name are being amortized over a 10 year period from the date of acquisition. The backlog is being amortized over a period of five months from the date of acquisition. We recorded $0.6 million of amortization on our intangibles for the year ended December 31, 2012, which is included in our consolidated statement of operations.
The estimated remaining amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2012, is as follows (in thousands):
| Total for year | |||
| 2013 | $ | 1,960 | |
| 2014 | 1,480 | ||
| 2015 | 1,480 | ||
| 2016 | 1,480 | ||
| 2017 | 1,480 | ||
| Thereafter | 7,153 | ||
| Total | $ | 15,033 | |
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
5. INVENTORIES
Inventory at December 31 consists of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Raw materials | $ | 22,082 | $ | 22,936 | ||||
| Precast products | — | 6,772 | ||||||
| Building materials for resale | 1,645 | 1,992 | ||||||
| Other | 1,274 | 1,456 | ||||||
| $ | 25,001 | $ | 33,156 | |||||
6. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
A summary of property, plant and equipment is as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Land and mineral deposits | $ | 41,922 | $ | 43,108 | ||||
| Buildings and improvements | 12,922 | 14,069 | ||||||
| Machinery and equipment | 65,448 | 62,100 | ||||||
| Mixers, trucks and other vehicles | 36,100 | 31,138 | ||||||
| Other, including construction in progress | 2,752 | 879 | ||||||
| 159,144 | 151,294 | |||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation and depletion | (38,273 | ) | (25,069 | ) | ||||
| $ | 120,871 | $ | 126,225 | |||||
As of December 31, the net carrying amounts of mineral deposits were $13.2 million in 2012 and $12.9 million in 2011.
7. ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS
Activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts receivable consists of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | 2,537 | $ | 567 | ||||
| Provision for doubtful accounts | 1,304 | 1,970 | ||||||
| Uncollectible receivables written off, net of recoveries | (1,473 | ) | — | |||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | 2,368 | $ | 2,537 | ||||
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
8. ACCRUED LIABILITIES
A summary of accrued liabilities is as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Accrued insurance reserves | $ | 9,816 | $ | 10,649 | ||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | 7,381 | 4,496 | ||||||
| Accrued materials | 5,745 | 4,907 | ||||||
| Accrued property, sales and other taxes | 4,632 | 4,251 | ||||||
| Accrued rent | 1,904 | 1,933 | ||||||
| Accrued interest | 547 | 664 | ||||||
| Other | 6,405 | 4,333 | ||||||
| $ | 36,430 | $ | 31,233 | |||||
9. DEBT
A summary of our debt and capital leases is as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Senior secured credit facility due 2015 | $ | 13,300 | $ | — | ||||
| Senior secured credit facility due 2014 | — | 15,116 | ||||||
| Convertible secured notes due 2015, net of discount | 46,142 | 43,844 | ||||||
| Notes payable and other financing | 4,017 | 1,687 | ||||||
| Capital leases | — | 439 | ||||||
| 63,459 | 61,086 | |||||||
| Less: current maturities | 1,861 | 615 | ||||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | 61,598 | $ | 60,471 | ||||
The carrying value of outstanding amounts under our 2012 Revolving Facility and 2010 Credit Agreement (as defined below) approximates fair value due to the floating interest rate, and the fair value of our Convertible Notes was approximately $68.8 million, including the embedded derivative of $17.2 million, at December 31, 2012, and was $53.8 million, including the embedded derivative of $1.6 million, at December 31, 2011. The weighted average interest rate for the 2012 Credit Agreement was 4.08% as of December 31, 2012. The weighted average interest rate for the Convertible Notes was 17.38% as of December 31, 2012.
The principal amounts due under our debt agreements as of December 31, 2012, for the next five years are as follows (in thousands):
| Year ending December 31, | ||||
| 2013 | $ | 1,861 | ||
| 2014 | 1,807 | |||
| 2015 | 68,649 | |||
| 2016 | — | |||
| 2017 | — | |||
| Later years | — | |||
| $ | 72,317 | |||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Senior Secured Credit Facility due 2015
On August 31, 2012, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, or the 2012 Credit Agreement, with certain financial institutions named therein, as lenders, or the Lenders, and Bank of America, N.A. as agent and sole lead arranger, or the Administrative Agent, which provides for an $80.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility, referred to as the 2012 Revolving Facility. The 2012 Credit Agreement expires on July 1, 2015 and may be prepaid from time to time without penalty or premium. As of December 31, 2012, we had $13.3 million of outstanding borrowings and $12.2 million of undrawn standby letters of credit under the 2012 Revolving Facility. As of December 31, 2012, we had net borrowing availability of $52.4 million.
Our actual maximum credit availability under the 2012 Revolving Facility varies from time to time and is determined by calculating a borrowing base, which is based on the value of our eligible accounts receivable, inventory and vehicles, which serve as priority collateral on the facility, minus reserves imposed by the Lenders and other adjustments, all as specified in the 2012 Credit Agreement. The 2012 Credit Agreement also contains a provision for discretionary over-advances and involuntary protective advances by Lenders of up to $8 million in excess of the 2012 Revolving Facility commitments. The 2012 Credit Agreement provides for swingline loans, up to a $10 million sublimit, and letters of credit, up to a $30 million sublimit. The 2012 Credit Agreement also includes an uncommitted accordion feature of up to $45 million in the aggregate allowing for future incremental borrowings, subject to certain conditions, including the modification of the Indenture.
Advances under the 2012 Revolving Facility are in the form of either base rate loans or “LIBOR Loans” denominated in U.S. dollars. The interest rate for base rate loans denominated in U.S. dollars fluctuates and is equal to the greater of (a) Bank of America’s prime rate; (b) the Federal funds rate, plus 0.50%; or (c) the rate per annum for a 30 days interest period equal to the British Bankers Association LIBOR Rate, as published by Reuters at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) two business days prior (“LIBOR”), plus 1.0%; in each case plus 1.50%. The interest rate for LIBOR Loans denominated in U.S. dollars is equal to the rate per annum for the applicable interest period equal to LIBOR, plus 2.75%. Issued and outstanding letters of credit are subject to a fee equal to 2.75%, a fronting fee equal to 0.125% per annum on the stated amount of such letter of credit, and customary charges associated with the issuance and administration of letters of credit. Among other fees, we pay a commitment fee of 0.375% per annum (due monthly) on the aggregate unused revolving commitments under the 2012 Revolving Facility.
Up to $30 million of the 2012 Revolving Facility is available for the issuance of letters of credit, and any such issuance of letters of credit will reduce the amount available for loans under the 2012 Revolving Facility. Advances under the 2012 Revolving Facility are limited by a borrowing base of (a) 90% of the face amount of eligible accounts receivable (reduced to 85% under certain circumstances), plus (b) ) the lesser of (i) 55% of the value of eligible inventory or (ii) 85% of the product of (x) the net orderly liquidation value of inventory divided by the value of the inventory and (y) multiplied by the value of eligible inventory, and (c) the lesser of (i) $20.0 million or (ii) the sum of (A) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value (as determined by the most recent appraisal) of eligible trucks plus (B) 80% of the cost of newly acquired eligible trucks since the date of the latest appraisal of eligible trucks minus (C) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value of eligible trucks that have been sold since the latest appraisal date and 85% of the depreciation amount applicable to eligible trucks since the date of the latest appraisal of eligible trucks, minus (D) such reserves as the Administrative Agent may establish from time to time in its permitted discretion. The Administrative Agent may, in its permitted discretion, reduce the advance rates set forth above, adjust reserves or reduce one or more of the other elements used in computing the borrowing base.
The 2012 Credit Agreement contains usual and customary negative covenants for transactions of this type, including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability to consolidate or merge; substantially change the nature of our business; sell, lease or otherwise transfer any of our assets; create or incur indebtedness; create liens; pay dividends; and make investments or acquisitions. The negative covenants are subject to certain exceptions as specified in the 2012 Credit Agreement. The 2012 Credit Agreement also requires that we, upon the occurrence of certain events, maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.0 to 1.0 for each period of twelve calendar months, as determined in accordance with the 2012 Credit Agreement. For the trailing twelve month period ended December 31, 2012, our fixed charge coverage ratio was 2.97 to 1.0. As of December 31, 2012 the Company was in compliance with all covenants.
The 2012 Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default, including, among other things, payment default, covenant default, breach of representation or warranty, bankruptcy, cross-default, material ERISA events, a change of control of the Company, material money judgments and failure to maintain subsidiary guarantees.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Senior Secured Credit Facility due 2014
Simultaneously with entering into the 2012 Credit Agreement referenced above, we terminated the credit agreement that governed our Senior Secured Credit Facility due 2014, or the 2010 Credit Agreement, which previously provided for a $75.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility. See Note 10 for additional information.
Convertible Secured Notes due 2015
On August 31, 2010, we issued $55.0 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes pursuant to a subscription offering contemplated by the Plan of Reorganization, also referred to as our Plan. The Convertible Notes are governed by the Indenture, dated as of August 31, 2010. Under the terms of the Indenture, the Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 9.5% per annum and will mature on August 31, 2015. Interest payments are payable quarterly in cash in arrears. Additionally, we recorded a discount of approximately $13.6 million related to an embedded derivative that was bifurcated and separately valued (see Note 11). This discount is being accreted over the term of the Convertible Notes and included in interest expense.
Under the terms of the Indenture, we are required to meet a consolidated secured debt ratio test (as defined in the Indenture), which could restrict our ability to borrow the amount available under the 2012 Credit Agreement. The maximum consolidated secured debt ratio, as of the last day of each fiscal month, is shown below:
| Consolidated | ||
| Period | Secured Debt Ratio | |
| April 1, 2012 — March 31, 2013 | 7.50 : 1.00 | |
| April 1, 2013 — March 31, 2014 | 7.00 : 1.00 | |
| April 1, 2014 — March 31, 2015 | 6.75 : 1.00 | |
| April 1, 2015 — and thereafter | 6.50 : 1.00 | |
The consolidated secured debt ratio is the ratio of (a) our consolidated total indebtedness (as defined in the Indenture) on the date of determination that constitutes the Convertible Notes, any other pari passu lien obligations and any indebtedness incurred under the 2012 Credit Agreement (including any letters of credit issued thereunder) to (b) the aggregate amount of consolidated cash flow (as defined in the Indenture) for our most recent four fiscal quarters available at the date of determination. Based on our consolidated cash flows for the four fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2012, our consolidated secured debt ratio was 3.22 to 1.00. In the event that we are not able to meet this ratio in the future, we would need to seek an amendment to the Indenture to provide relief from this covenant.
The Convertible Notes are convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time on or prior to maturity, into shares of our common stock, at an initial conversion rate of 95.23809524 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (the “Conversion Rate”). The Conversion Rate is subject to adjustment to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. In connection with any such conversion, holders of the Convertible Notes to be converted shall also have the right to receive accrued and unpaid interest on such Convertible Notes to the date of conversion (the “Accrued Interest”). We may elect to pay the Accrued Interest in cash or in shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Indenture.
In addition, if a “Fundamental Change of Control” (as defined in the Indenture) occurs prior to the maturity date, in addition to any conversion rights the holders of Convertible Notes may have, each holder of Convertible Notes will have (i) a make-whole provision calculated as provided in the Indenture pursuant to which each holder may be entitled to additional shares of Common Stock upon conversion; which we refer to as the Make Whole Premium, and (ii) an amount equal to the interest on such Convertible Notes that would have been payable from the date of the occurrence of such Fundamental Change of Control; which we refer to as the Fundamental Change of Control Date, through the third anniversary of the Effective Date, plus any accrued and unpaid interest from the Effective Date to the Fundamental Change of Control Date (the amount in this clause (ii); which we refer to as the Make Whole Payment). We may elect to pay the Make Whole Payment in cash or in shares of Common Stock.
If the closing price of the Common Stock exceeds 150% of the Conversion Price (defined as $1,000 divided by the Conversion Rate) then in effect for at least 20 trading days during any consecutive 30-days trading period, or the Conversion Event, we may provide, at our option, a written notice, or the Conversion Event Notice, of the occurrence of the Conversion Event to each holder of Convertible Notes in accordance with the Indenture. Except as set forth in an Election Notice (as defined below), the right to
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
convert Convertible Notes with respect to the occurrence of the Conversion Event shall terminate on the date that is 46 days following the date of the Conversion Event Notice, or the Conversion Termination Date, such that the holder shall have a 45-days period in which to convert its Convertible Notes up to the amount of the Conversion Cap (as defined below). Any Convertible Notes not converted prior to the Conversion Termination Date as a result of the Conversion Cap shall be, at the holder’s election and upon written notice to the Company, or the Election Notice, converted into shares of Common Stock on a date or dates prior to the date that is 180 days following the Conversion Termination Date. The “Conversion Cap” means the number of shares of Common Stock into which the Convertible Notes are convertible and that would cause the related holder to “beneficially own” (as such term is used in the Exchange Act) more than 9.9% of the Common Stock at any time outstanding.
Any Convertible Notes not otherwise converted prior to the Conversion Termination Date or specified for conversion in an Election Notice shall be redeemable, in whole or in part, at our election at any time prior to maturity at par plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Conversion Termination Date.
The Indenture contains certain covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things,
| • | incur additional indebtedness or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock; |
| • | pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our stock or subordinated indebtedness or make investments; |
| • | sell assets and issue capital stock of our restricted subsidiaries; |
| • | incur liens; |
| • | enter into transactions with affiliates; and |
| • | consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets. |
The Convertible Notes are guaranteed by each of our existing, and will be guaranteed by each of our future, direct or indirect domestic restricted subsidiaries. In connection with the Indenture, on August 31, 2010, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a Pledge and Security Agreement, or the Pledge and Security Agreement, with the noteholder collateral agent. Pursuant to the Pledge and Security Agreement, the Convertible Notes and related guarantees are secured by first-priority liens on certain of the property and assets directly owned by the Company and each of the guarantors, including material owned real property, fixtures, intellectual property, capital stock of subsidiaries and certain equipment, subject to permitted liens (including a second-priority lien in favor of the Administrative Agent) with certain exceptions, including a limitation that the capital stock will constitute collateral securing the Convertible Notes only if the inclusion of such capital stock as collateral will not require us to file separate financial statements with the SEC pursuant to Rule 3-16 of Regulation S-X; which we refer to as the collateral cutback provision. In accordance with the collateral cutback provision, the collateral securing the Convertible Notes includes capital stock only to the extent that the applicable value of such capital stock is less than 20% of the principal amount of the notes outstanding. The applicable value of the capital stock of any subsidiary is deemed to be the greatest of its par value, book value or market value. Although we have not had an external third-party market valuation conducted as to the capital stock of our subsidiaries, we estimate that the value of the capital stock of the following subsidiaries and their respective parent companies exceeded 20% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2012: Redi-Mix, LLC, Ingram Concrete, LLC, Eastern Concrete Materials, Inc., Central Concrete Supply Co., Inc., Bode Gravel Co., Bode Concrete, LLC, U.S. Concrete Texas Holdings, Inc., Alberta Investments, Inc. and USC Atlantic, Inc. As a result, the pledge of the capital stock of these subsidiaries as it relates to the Convertible Notes is limited to capital stock of each such subsidiary with an applicable value of less than 20% of the outstanding principal amount of the Convertible Notes, or $11.0 million. The aggregate percentage of consolidated assets and revenues represented by these excluded subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 is estimated to be 86% and 90%, respectively. As described above, assets of the excluded subsidiaries have been separately pledged as security for the Convertible Notes. The list of excluded subsidiaries was determined based upon internal company estimates of fair value and did not include third-party valuation of the subsidiaries, and should not be considered an indication as to what such subsidiaries might be able to be sold for in the market. The list of excluded subsidiaries may change as the applicable value of such capital stock or the outstanding principal amount of Convertible Notes changes. Obligations under the 2012 Revolving Facility and those in respect of hedging and cash management obligations owed to the lenders (and their affiliates) that are a party to the 2012 Credit Agreement; which we collectively refer to as the 2012 Revolving Facility Obligations, are secured by a second-priority lien on such collateral.
The Convertible Notes and related guarantees are also secured by a second-priority lien on the assets of the Company and the guarantors securing the 2012 Revolving Facility Obligations on a first-priority basis, including, inventory (including as extracted collateral), accounts, certain specified mixer trucks, general intangibles (other than collateral securing the Convertible Notes on a first-priority basis), instruments, documents, cash, deposit accounts, securities accounts, commodities accounts, letter of credit
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
rights and all supporting obligations and related books and records and all proceeds and products of the foregoing, subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions.
10. EXTINGUISHMENT OF DEBT
As described in Note 9 above, in connection with entering into the 2012 Credit Agreement, we terminated our 2010 Credit Agreement. As such, during the third quarter of 2012, we wrote-off $2.6 million of previously deferred financing costs associated with the terminated 2010 Credit Agreement and recorded the charge as loss on extinguishment of debt on the accompanying condensed statements of operations.
In connection with the 2012 Credit Agreement, we have incurred $1.4 million of deferred financing costs, which are classified as Other Assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet, and are being amortized over the term of the 2012 Credit Agreement using the straight line method, which approximates the effective interest method.
11. DERIVATIVES
General
We are exposed to certain risks relating to our ongoing business operations. However, derivative instruments are not used to hedge these risks. We are required to account for derivative instruments as a result of the issuance of the Warrants and Convertible Notes on August 31, 2010. Due to the conversion features contained within our Convertible Notes, they are deemed to be an embedded derivative under Accounting Standards Codification, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or ASC 815. In accordance with ASC 815, an embedded derivative related to the conversion features requires bifurcation from the debt component of the Convertible Notes and a separate valuation. We recognize the embedded derivative as a liability on our balance sheet, measure it at its estimated fair value and recognize changes in its estimated fair value within our results of operations each quarter. None of our derivative contracts manage business risk or are executed for speculative purposes.
Our derivative instruments are summarized as follows:
| Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Derivative Instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 | Balance Sheet Location | December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Warrants | Current derivative liabilities | $ | 4,857 | $ | 662 | |||||
| Convertible Note embedded derivative | Current derivative liabilities | 17,173 | 1,643 | |||||||
| $ | 22,030 | $ | 2,305 | |||||||
The following table presents the effect of derivative instruments on the statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 excluding income tax effects:
| Derivative Instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 | Location of Income/(Loss) Recognized | December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Warrants | Derivative income (loss) | $ | (4,195 | ) | $ | 2,562 | ||||
| Convertible Note embedded derivative | Derivative income (loss) | (15,530 | ) | 10,860 | ||||||
| $ | (19,725 | ) | $ | 13,422 | ||||||
Warrant and Convertible Note volume positions are presented in the number of shares underlying the respective instruments. The table below presents our volume positions as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
| Derivative Instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 | Number of Shares | |
| Warrants | 3,000,000 | |
| Convertible Note embedded derivative | 5,238,095 | |
| 8,238,095 | ||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
We do not have any derivative instruments with credit features requiring the posting of collateral in the event of a credit downgrade or similar credit event.
12. OTHER LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS AND DEFERRED CREDITS
Other long-term obligations and deferred credits are comprised primarily of the Long-Term Incentive Plan, or LTIP, that we entered into with the former equity owners of the Bode Companies, as part of the acquisition of the Bode Companies during the fourth quarter of 2012. In accordance with the agreement, we are obligated to make certain annual payments to the former owners of the Bode Companies upon the achievement of certain pre-defined incremental sales volume milestones. The LTIP was valued based on the net present value of the expected future payments, using a discount rate of 7.0% and is capped at a net present value of $7.0 million. The total obligation of $7.0 million is classified as a long-term liability on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2012, and reflects the portion we expect to pay beyond 2013 and within the six year term of the agreement. The discount on the LTIP will be accreted to interest expense over the period during which payments are expected to be made. Our first payment will be due in January 2014. We expect our obligation to cease during 2018.
The remaining other long-term obligations and deferred credits balances consists primarily of the long-term portion of our income tax liability (see Note 17).
13. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Accounting guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of us. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. We review the fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain securities within the fair value hierarchy.
The following table presents our fair value hierarchy for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||
| Derivative – Warrants(1) | $ | 4,857 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4,857 | ||||||||
| Derivative – Convertible Notes Embedded Derivative(2) | 17,173 | — | — | 17,173 | ||||||||||||
| Other Obligations - Long-Term Incentive Plan (3) | 7,000 | — | — | 7,000 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 29,030 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 29,030 | |||||||||
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| As of December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||
| Derivative – Warrants(1) | $ | 662 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 662 | ||||||||
| Derivative – Convertible Notes Embedded Derivative(2) | 1,643 | — | — | 1,643 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 2,305 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,305 | |||||||||
| (1) | Represents the Warrants issued in conjunction with our Plan of Reorganization. |
| (2) | Represents the compound embedded derivative included in our Convertible Notes (see Note 11). The compound embedded derivative includes the value associated with the noteholders’ conversion option, as well as certain rights to receive “make-whole” amounts. The “make-whole” provision(s) provides that, upon certain contingent events, if conversion is elected on the Convertible Notes, we may be obligated to pay such holder an amount in cash, or shares of common stock to compensate noteholders who have converted early as a result of these contingent events, interest and time value of the conversion option foregone via the conversion. |
| (3) | Represents the fair value of our obligations to the Bode Companies' former owners as part of the acquisition of the Bode Companies in October 2012. The fair value was determined based on expected payouts that will be due to the former owners based on the achievement of certain incremental sales volume milestones, using a contractual discount rate of 7.0%. These payments are capped at a fair value of $7.0 million. |
The Convertible Notes embedded derivative liability was valued using a lattice model for instruments with the option to convert into common equity. The liability for the Warrants was valued utilizing a Black-Scholes model. Inputs into the model were based upon observable market data where possible. Where observable market data did not exist, the Company modeled inputs based upon similar observable inputs. The key inputs in determining fair value of our derivative liabilities include our stock price, stock price volatility, risk free interest rates and interest rates for conventional debt of similarly situated companies.
A reconciliation of the changes in Level 3 fair value measurements is as follows for December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):
| Warrants | Convertible Notes Embedded Derivative | Long-Term Incentive Plan, or LTIP | ||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2011 | $ | 3,224 | $ | 12,503 | $ | — | ||||||
| Purchases, issuances, and settlements | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Total (gains) losses included in net loss | (2,562 | ) | (10,860 | ) | — | |||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2011 | 662 | 1,643 | — | |||||||||
| Purchases, issuances, and settlements | — | — | — | |||||||||
| LTIP liability recorded with acquisition of the Bode Companies | — | — | 7,000 | |||||||||
| LTIP payments | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Total (gains) losses included in net loss | 4,195 | 15,530 | — | |||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 4,857 | $ | 17,173 | $ | 7,000 | ||||||
Our other financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, trade payables and long-term debt. We consider the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables to be representative of their respective fair values because of their short-term maturities or expected settlement dates. The carrying value of outstanding amounts under our 2012 Credit Agreement approximates fair value due to the floating interest rate and the fair value of our Convertible Notes was approximately $68.8 million, including $17.2 million related to the embedded derivative at December 31, 2012.
14. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock and Preferred Stock
The following table presents information regarding U.S. Concrete’s common stock (in thousands):
64
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||
| Shares authorized | 100,000 | 100,000 | ||||
| Shares outstanding at end of period | 13,358 | 12,867 | ||||
| Shares held in treasury | 118 | 60 | ||||
Under our restated certificate of incorporation, we are authorized to issue 100.0 million shares of common stock, par value $0.001, and 10.0 million shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value. Additionally, we are authorized to issue “blank check” preferred stock, which may be issued from time to time in one or more series upon authorization by our board of directors, or the Board. The Board, without further approval of the stockholders, is authorized to fix the dividend rights and terms, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption rights and terms, liquidation preferences, and any other rights, preferences and restrictions applicable to each series of the preferred stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes could, among other things, adversely affect the voting power of the holders of the Common Stock and, under certain circumstances, make it more difficult for a third party to gain control of us, discourage bids for our common stock at a premium or otherwise affect the market price of our common stock. There was no preferred stock issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.
Treasury Stock
Employees may elect to satisfy their tax obligations on the vesting of their restricted stock by having the required tax payments withheld based on a number of vested shares having an aggregate value on the date of vesting equal to the tax obligation. As a result of such employee elections, we withheld approximately 58,000 shares during the year ended December 31, 2012, at a total value of approximately $0.3 million. We accounted for the withholding of these shares as treasury stock.
15. WARRANTS
On August 31, 2010, or the Effective Date, we issued warrants to acquire Common Stock in two tranches: Class A Warrants to purchase an aggregate of approximately 1.5 million shares of common stock, and Class B Warrants to purchase an aggregate of approximately 1.5 million shares of common stock, collectively the Warrants. The Warrants were issued to holders of our predecessor common stock pro rata based on a holder’s stock ownership as of the Effective Date. The Warrants have been included in derivative liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with the authoritative accounting guidance (see Note 11).
In connection with the issuance of the Class A Warrants, we entered into a Class A Warrant Agreement with American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as warrant agent, or AST. Subject to the terms of the Class A Warrant Agreement, holders of Class A Warrants are entitled to purchase shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $22.69 per share. In connection with the issuance of the Class B Warrants, the Company entered into a Class B Warrant Agreement, and, together with the Class A Warrant Agreement, collectively the Warrant Agreements, with AST. Subject to the terms of the Class B Warrant Agreement, holders of Class B Warrants are entitled to purchase shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $26.68 per share. Subject to the terms of the Warrant Agreements, both classes of Warrants will have a seven−year term and will expire on the seventh anniversary of the Effective Date. The Warrants may be exercised for cash or on a net issuance basis.
If, at any time before the expiration date of the Warrants, we pay or declare a dividend or make a distribution on the Common Stock payable in shares of our capital stock, or make subdivisions or combinations of our outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater or lesser number of shares or issue any shares of our capital stock by reclassification of Common Stock, then the exercise price and number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants will be adjusted so that the holders of the Warrants will be entitled to receive the aggregate number and kind of shares that they would have received as a result of the event if their Warrants had been exercised immediately before the event. In addition, if we distribute to holders of the Common Stock an Extraordinary Distribution (defined in each Warrant Agreement to include assets, securities or warrants to purchase securities), then the exercise price of the Warrants will be decreased by the amount of cash and/or the fair market value of any securities or assets paid or distributed on each share of Common Stock; however, no adjustment to the exercise price will be made if, at the time of an Extraordinary Distribution, we make the same distribution to holders of Warrants as we make to holders of Common Stock pro rata based on the number of shares of Common Stock for which the Warrants are exercisable.
In the event of a Fundamental Change (defined in each Warrant Agreement to include transactions such as mergers, consolidations, sales of assets, tender offers, exchange offers, reorganizations, reclassifications, compulsory share exchanges or
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liquidations in which all or substantially all of the outstanding Common Stock is converted into or exchanged for stock, other securities, cash or assets), if the consideration paid consists 90% or more of publicly traded securities, each holder of a New Warrant will have the right upon any subsequent exercise to receive the kind and amount of stock, other securities, cash and assets that such holder would have received if the New Warrant had been exercised immediately prior to such Fundamental Change. If a Fundamental Change occurs (other than a Fundamental Change in which the consideration paid consists at least 90% of publicly traded securities), then each holder of a New Warrant will be entitled to receive an amount equal to the Fair Market Value (as defined in each of the Warrant Agreements) of their New Warrant on the date the Fundamental Change is consummated.
No adjustment in the exercise price of Warrants shall be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least $0.05 in the exercise price; provided that any adjustments that are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment.
16. CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS RELOCATION AND LEASE EXIT COSTS
During the first quarter of 2012, we made the decision to relocate our corporate headquarters from Houston, Texas to Euless, Texas. The move was completed in July 2012. As a result of this decision, we have paid severance costs to employees that did not relocate with the Company and have paid or will pay other employee-related and general moving costs. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded approximately $2.2 million, for these moving costs, which are included in SG&A expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
In connection with the relocation, we ceased use of our leased corporate office space in Houston effective July 21, 2012. Thus, during the third quarter of 2012, we recorded a $0.4 million non-cash charge to SG&A expenses for the net present value of the difference between the remaining lease payments and the market value we think we could obtain for a sublease of the space over the remainder of the term. We will continue to incur rent expense for the remainder of the lease term, which we include in SG&A expenses; however, the expense will be reduced by the amortization of the cease-use obligation over the remaining lease term. The associated nominal accretion expense will be included as a charge to SG&A expenses over the remaining lease term. We did not sublease the office space during 2012, thus no rental income is recorded during the period for this space. The lease ends in April of 2014.
As of December 31, 2012, the net present value of the difference between the remaining lease payments and the market value we think we could obtain for a sublease of the space over the remainder of the term is $0.3 million.
17. INCOME TAXES
Our consolidated federal and state income tax returns include the results of operations of acquired businesses from their dates of acquisition.
A reconciliation of our effective income tax rate to the amounts calculated by applying the federal statutory corporate tax rate of 35% is as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Tax (benefit) expense at statutory rate | $ | (10,328 | ) | $ | (3,825 | ) | ||
| Add (deduct): | ||||||||
| State income taxes | (1,552 | ) | 1 | |||||
| Nondeductible items | 2,095 | 1,949 | ||||||
| Valuation Allowance | 6,165 | 1,719 | ||||||
| Unrecognized tax benefit | (51 | ) | (1,226 | ) | ||||
| Other | (89 | ) | 603 | |||||
| Income tax provision (benefit) | $ | (3,760 | ) | $ | (779 | ) | ||
| Effective income tax rate | 12.7 | % | 7.1 | % | ||||
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The amounts of our consolidated federal and state income tax provision (benefit) from continuing operations are as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Current: | ||||||||
| Federal | $ | — | $ | (371 | ) | |||
| State | 304 | (782 | ) | |||||
| 304 | (1,153 | ) | ||||||
| Deferred: | ||||||||
| Federal | $ | (3,623 | ) | $ | 169 | |||
| State | (441 | ) | 205 | |||||
| (4,064 | ) | 374 | ||||||
| Income tax provision (benefit) from continuing operations | $ | (3,760 | ) | $ | (779 | ) | ||
Deferred income tax provisions result from temporary differences in the recognition of expenses for financial reporting purposes and for tax reporting purposes. We present the effects of those differences as deferred income tax liabilities and assets, as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
| Derivatives | $ | 2,176 | $ | — | ||||
| Goodwill and other intangibles | 11,822 | 14,962 | ||||||
| Receivables | 1,208 | 1,862 | ||||||
| Inventory | 3,275 | 4,483 | ||||||
| Accrued insurance | 3,972 | 4,370 | ||||||
| Other accrued expenses | 6,027 | 3,899 | ||||||
| Capital loss carryforwards | 4,232 | 5,315 | ||||||
| Net operating loss carryforwards | 28,683 | 25,934 | ||||||
| Other | 291 | 291 | ||||||
| Total gross deferred tax assets | 61,686 | 61,116 | ||||||
| Valuation allowance | (44,926 | ) | (38,769 | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets | 16,760 | 22,347 | ||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities: | ||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 17,212 | 17,516 | ||||||
| Derivatives | — | 5,912 | ||||||
| Total gross deferred tax liabilities | 17,212 | 23,428 | ||||||
| Net deferred tax liability | $ | 452 | $ | 1,081 | ||||
| The allocation of deferred taxes between current and long-term as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 is as follows: | ||||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
| Current deferred tax asset, net | $ | 2,835 | $ | 4,573 | ||||
| Long-term deferred tax liability, net | 3,287 | 5,654 | ||||||
| Net deferred tax liability | $ | 452 | $ | 1,081 | ||||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the recognized value of deferred tax assets must be reduced to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized in future periods. The ultimate realization of the benefit of deferred tax assets from deductible temporary differences or tax carryovers depends on the generation of sufficient taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on these considerations, we relied upon the reversal of certain deferred tax liabilities to realize a portion of our deferred tax assets and established valuation allowances as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 in the amount of $44.9 million and $38.8 million, respectively, for other deferred tax assets because of uncertainty regarding their ultimate realization. Our total net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $0.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
We reorganized pursuant to Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code under the terms of our Plan with an effective date of August 31, 2010. Under our Plan, our Old Notes were canceled, giving rise to cancellation of indebtedness income, or CODI. The Internal Revenue Code, or IRC, provides that CODI arising under a plan of bankruptcy reorganization is excludable from taxable income, but the debtor must reduce certain of its tax attributes by the amount of CODI realized under the Plan. Based on the estimate of CODI and required tax attribute reduction, the effects of the Plan did not cause a significant change in our recorded net deferred tax liability. Our required reduction in tax attributes, or deferred tax assets, was accompanied by a corresponding release of valuation allowance that was reducing the carrying value of such tax attributes.
We underwent a change in ownership for purposes of Section 382 of the IRC as a result of our Plan and emergence from Chapter 11 on August 31, 2010. As a result, the amount of our pre-change net operating losses, or NOLs, and other tax attributes that are available to offset future taxable income are subject to an annual limitation. The annual limitation is based on the value of the corporation as of the effective date of the Plan. As of December 31, 2012, approximately $27.5 million of our $64.7 million federal NOL’s are subject to annual Section 382 limitations. The ownership change and the resulting annual limitation on use of NOLs are not expected to result in the expiration of our NOL carryforwards if we are able to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carryforward periods. However, the limitation on the amount of NOL available to offset taxable income in a specific year may result in the payment of income taxes before all NOLs have been utilized. Additionally, a subsequent ownership change may result in further limitation on the ability to utilize existing NOLs and other tax attributes.
As of December 31, 2012, we had deferred tax assets related to federal and state NOL and tax credit carryforwards of $33.2 million. We have federal NOLs of approximately $64.7 million that are available to offset federal taxable income and will expire in the years 2028 through 2032, if not fully utilized.
At December 31, 2012, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $6.6 million of which $0.9 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. It is likely no reduction of unrecognized tax benefits will occur within the next 12 months. The unrecognized tax benefits are included as a component of other long-term obligations. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we recorded interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits of $(0.1) million and $(0.6) million, respectively. Total accrued penalties and interest at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
| Balance as of January 1, 2011 | $ | 8,016 | ||
| Additions for tax positions related to prior years | 102 | |||
| Reductions for tax positions of prior years | (844 | ) | ||
| Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | (718 | ) | ||
| Balance as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 6,556 | ||
| Additions for tax positions related to current year | 145 | |||
| Additions for tax positions related to prior years | 508 | |||
| Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | (611 | ) | ||
| Balance as of December 31, 2012 | $ | 6,598 | ||
We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
We conduct business domestically and, as a result, U.S. Concrete, Inc. or one or more of our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and local jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and generally in state jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local tax examinations for years before 2009.
18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Management Equity Incentive Plan
We adopted a management equity incentive plan, or the Incentive Plan, on the Effective Date, under which 9.5%of the equity of the Company, on a fully-diluted basis, is reserved for issuance as equity-based awards to management and employees, and 0.5% of such equity, on a fully-diluted basis, is reserved for issuance to directors of the Company. The Incentive Plan enables us to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, cash awards and performance awards.
We reserved 2.2 million shares of common stock for use in connection with the Incentive Plan and as of December 31, 2012, there were 0.5 million shares remaining for future issuance. By no later than the fifth anniversary of the Effective Date, all shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Incentive Plan are required to be subject to an outstanding award or to have been delivered pursuant to the settlement of an award. Within thirty days following the Effective Date, thirty-five percent of the shares of common stock available for delivery pursuant to awards were required to be allocated to employee awards. No more than five percent of the shares of Common Stock available for delivery pursuant to awards were to be allocated to director awards. Each participant who receives an award in the form of restricted stock units will also concurrently receive an award for an equal amount of incentive restricted stock units (which represent the right to receive 0.35020 of a share of common stock upon satisfaction of certain criteria).
Stock-Based Compensation
Under authoritative accounting guidance, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award. The expense is recognized over the employee’s requisite service period, generally the vesting period of the award. We have elected to use the long-form method of determining our pool of windfall tax benefits as prescribed under authoritative accounting guidance.
For the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we recognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock options of $2.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is reflected in SG&A expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, there was approximately $3.5 million and $5.0 million, respectively, of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units, restricted stock awards and stock options which we expect to recognize over a weighted average period of approximately 1.2 years.
Restricted Stock Units
Since August 31, 2010, we have issued restricted stock units under our Incentive Plan that generally vest over three years on a quarterly basis. The restricted stock units are subject to restrictions on transfer and certain conditions to vesting. During the restriction period, the holders of restricted stock units are not entitled to vote and receive dividends on those restricted units as the restricted stock units do not represent outstanding shares of our Common Stock.
Restricted stock unit activity for the years ending December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was as follows (shares in thousands):
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
| Number of Units | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | Number of Units | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock units outstanding at beginning of period | 166 | $ | 8.03 | 406 | $ | 8.00 | ||||||||
| Granted | 9 | 5.00 | 6 | 9.11 | ||||||||||
| Vested | (117 | ) | 7.78 | (164 | ) | 8.01 | ||||||||
| Canceled | (21 | ) | 7.99 | (82 | ) | 8.00 | ||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock units outstanding at end of period | 37 | $ | 8.09 | 166 | $ | 8.03 | ||||||||
For every restricted stock unit that is granted, there is an equivalent number of incentive restricted stock units, or IRSU's, issued. These IRSU's represent the right to receive 0.35020 of a share of common stock upon satisfaction of certain criteria. The fair value of our restricted stock units was determined based upon the stock price of our common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense associated with awards of restricted stock units was $0.7 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual term for the restricted stock units was 0.39 years at December 31, 2012.
Restricted Stock Awards
We have issued restricted stock awards under our Incentive Plan. The restricted stock awards are subject to restrictions on transfer and certain conditions to vesting. The restricted stock awards issued to date consist of a 60% time-vested component and a 40% stock performance hurdle component. The time-vested component vests over a three or four year period. The stock performance hurdle component triggers vesting upon our stock price reaching certain thresholds. During the restriction period, the holders of restricted stock are entitled to vote and receive dividends, thus these awards are included in our outstanding shares of common stock.
Restricted stock award activity for the year ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was as follows (shares in thousands):
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
| Number of Shares | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | Number of Shares | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock awards outstanding at beginning of period | 750 | $ | 4.74 | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Granted | 492 | 3.51 | 836 | 4.87 | ||||||||||
| Vested | (112 | ) | 6.00 | (86 | ) | 6.00 | ||||||||
| Canceled | (60 | ) | 3.40 | — | — | |||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock awards outstanding at end of period | 1,070 | $ | 4.18 | 750 | $ | 4.74 | ||||||||
The fair value of restricted stock awards subject only to time-vesting restrictions was determined based upon the stock price of our common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock subject to our common stock reaching certain price thresholds was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo financial valuation model which is appropriate for path-dependent options. Compensation expense determined utilizing the Monte Carlo simulation will be recognized regardless of whether the common stock reaches the defined thresholds. During 2012, we modified the terms of one of our restricted stock awards issued during 2011, resulting in a change in the stock performance hurdle and the valuation of the related shares. The incremental compensation expense associated with the modification of these 0.2 million of restricted stock awards was negligible for 2012. Compensation
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
expense associated with restricted stock awards under our incentive compensation plan was $1.8 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
Stock Options
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options are credited to common stock at par value, and the excess is credited to additional paid-in capital. We estimated the fair value of each of our stock option awards on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. We determined the expected volatility using the historical and implied volatilities of a peer group of companies given the limited trading history of our successor common stock. For each option awarded, the risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the option. The expected life of an option represents the weighted average period of time that an option grant is expected to be outstanding, giving consideration to its vesting schedule and historical exercise patterns. We granted approximately 245,000 stock options during the fourth quarter of 2010.
There were no stock option grants in 2012, and stock option grants in 2011 were not material. Compensation expense related to stock options was $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2012 and $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2011. Stock option activity information for the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 is as follows (shares in thousands):
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||
| Number of Shares Underlying Options | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | Number of Shares Underlying Options | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | |||||||||||
| Options outstanding at beginning of year | 178 | $ | 17.23 | 240 | $ | 17.23 | ||||||||
| Granted | — | — | 5 | 17.23 | ||||||||||
| Exercised | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||
| Canceled | (71 | ) | 17.23 | (67 | ) | 17.23 | ||||||||
| Options outstanding at end of year | 107 | $ | 17.23 | 178 | $ | 17.23 | ||||||||
| Options exercisable at end of year | 77 | $ | 17.23 | 88 | $ | 17.23 | ||||||||
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2012 (shares in thousands):
| Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||
| Range of exercise prices | Number of Shares Outstanding | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Number of Shares Outstanding | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||
| $12.00 - $12.00 | 35 | 6.5 | $12.00 | 25 | $12.00 | |||||||
| $15.00 - $15.00 | 36 | 6.5 | 15.00 | 26 | 15.00 | |||||||
| $22.69 - $22.69 | 18 | 6.5 | 22.69 | 13 | 22.69 | |||||||
| $26.68 - $26.68 | 18 | 6.5 | 26.68 | 13 | 26.68 | |||||||
| $12.00 - $26.68 | 107 | 6.5 | $17.23 | 77 | $17.23 | |||||||
The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options and exercisable options at December 31, 2012 was zero.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
19. NET (LOSS) EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic (loss) earnings per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted (loss) earnings per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period after giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period.
For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, our potentially dilutive shares include the shares underlying our Convertible Notes, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock options, and Warrants. The Convertible Notes may be converted into 5.2 million shares of our common stock. The following table shows the type and number (in thousands) of potentially dilutive shares excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations for the periods presented as their effect would have been anti-dilutive:
| December 31, 2012 | December 31, 2011 | |||||
| Potentially dilutive shares: | ||||||
| Convertible notes | 5,238 | 5,238 | ||||
| Unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units | 1,107 | 916 | ||||
| Stock options | 107 | 178 | ||||
| Warrants | 3,000 | 3,000 | ||||
| Total potentially dilutive shares | 9,452 | 9,332 | ||||
20. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The sale of our California and Arizona precast operations during 2012 represented a disposal of a significant majority of our previously reported precast operating segment. These disposals were part of our strategy to become the premier focused domestic supplier of ready-mixed concrete in the United States. As such, during the 4th quarter of 2012 we made changes to better align our operating and reportable segments with our overall strategy and the manner in which we organize and manage our business. Our two reportable segments now consist of ready-mixed concrete and aggregate products as described below. Historical segment results have been reclassified to conform with these changes.
Our ready-mixed concrete segment produces and sells ready-mixed concrete. This segment serves the following principal markets: north and west Texas, California, New Jersey, New York, Washington, D.C. and Oklahoma. Our aggregate products segment includes crushed stone, sand and gravel products and serves the north and west Texas, New Jersey, and New York markets in which our ready-mixed concrete segment operates. Other products not associated with a reportable segment include our building materials stores, hauling operations, lime slurry, Aridus® rapid-drying concrete technology, brokered product sales, a recycled aggregates operation, and one remaining precast concrete plant in Pennsylvania.
In the fourth quarter of 2012, we changed the income measure used to evaluate performance of our segments to more closely align our reporting with the measure used to calculate the Company's compliance with debt covenants. Historical segment reporting has been recast to conform with this change.
We evaluate segment performance and allocate resources based on Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) from continuing operations excluding interest, income taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization, derivative gain (loss), and loss on extinguishment of debt. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is adjusted for items similar to certain of those used in calculating the Company’s compliance with debt covenants. The additional items that are adjusted to determine our Adjusted EBITDA are:
| • | Non-cash stock compensation expense; |
| • | Expenses associated with the relocation of our corporate headquarters; and |
| • | Expenses associated with the departure of our former President and Chief Executive Officer and hiring of our new President and Chief Executive Officer. |
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
We consider Adjusted EBITDA an indicator of the operational strength and performance of our business. We have included Adjusted EBITDA because it is a key financial measure used by our management to (i) internally measure our operating performance and (ii) assess our ability to service our debt, incur additional debt and meet our capital expenditure requirements.
Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an alternative to, or a better indicator of, operating income or loss, is not based on GAAP, and is not necessarily a measure of our cash flows or ability to fund our cash needs. Our measurements of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar titled measures reported by other companies.
We account for inter-segment sales at market prices. Corporate includes executive, administrative, financial, legal, human resources, business development and risk management activities which are not allocated to reportable segments and are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA. Eliminations include transactions to account for intercompany activity.
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The following table sets forth certain financial information relating to our continuing operations by reportable segment (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, 2012 | Year Ended December 31, 2011 | |||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||||
| Ready-mixed concrete | ||||||||
| Sales to external customers | $ | 473,767 | $ | 387,979 | ||||
| Intersegment sales | 40 | 77 | ||||||
| Aggregate products | ||||||||
| Sales to external customers | 18,261 | 13,419 | ||||||
| Intersegment sales | 13,736 | 10,458 | ||||||
| Total Reportable Segment Revenue | 505,804 | 411,933 | ||||||
| Other products and eliminations | 25,243 | 33,871 | ||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 531,047 | $ | 445,804 | ||||
| Loss from Continuing Operations: | ||||||||
| Reportable Segment Adjusted EBITDA: | ||||||||
| Ready-mixed concrete | $ | 41,486 | $ | 22,205 | ||||
| Aggregate products | 4,142 | 3,203 | ||||||
| Total reportable segment adjusted EBITDA | 45,628 | 25,408 | ||||||
| Other products and eliminations income (loss) from operations | 116 | (2,054 | ) | |||||
| Corporate overhead, net of insurance allocations | (30,057 | ) | (22,274 | ) | ||||
| Depreciation, depletion and amortization for reportable segments | (12,549 | ) | (14,610 | ) | ||||
| Interest expense, net | (11,344 | ) | (11,057 | ) | ||||
| Corporate loss on early extinguishment of debt | (2,630 | ) | — | |||||
| Corporate derivative (loss) income | (19,725 | ) | 13,422 | |||||
| Corporate, other products and eliminations other income, net | 1,052 | 236 | ||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (29,509 | ) | $ | (10,929 | ) | ||
| Capital Expenditures: | ||||||||
| Ready-mixed concrete | $ | 5,232 | $ | 5,197 | ||||
| Aggregate products | 1,752 | 478 | ||||||
| Other products and corporate | 1,036 | 248 | ||||||
| Total capital expenditures | $ | 8,020 | $ | 5,923 | ||||
| Revenue by Product: | ||||||||
| Ready-mixed concrete | $ | 473,767 | $ | 387,979 | ||||
| Aggregate products | 18,261 | 13,419 | ||||||
| Precast concrete products | 13,826 | 17,768 | ||||||
| Building materials | 11,363 | 10,647 | ||||||
| Lime | 6,762 | 6,531 | ||||||
| Hauling | 4,729 | 6,169 | ||||||
| Other | 2,339 | 3,291 | ||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 531,047 | $ | 445,804 | ||||
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
| 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
| Identifiable Assets (as of December 31): | ||||||||
| Ready-mixed concrete | $ | 75,469 | $ | 69,508 | ||||
| Aggregate products | 34,316 | 35,289 | ||||||
| Other products and corporate | 11,086 | 21,428 | ||||||
| Total Identifiable assets | $ | 120,871 | $ | 126,225 | ||||
21. RISK CONCENTRATION
We grant credit, generally without collateral, to our customers, which include general contractors, municipalities and commercial companies located primarily in Texas, California, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Washington D.C., and Oklahoma. Consequently, we are subject to potential credit risk related to changes in business and economic factors in those states. We generally have lien rights in the work we perform, and concentrations of credit risk are limited because of the diversity of our customer base. Further, our management believes that our contract acceptance, billing and collection policies are adequate to limit potential credit risk.
Several of our subsidiaries are parties to various collective bargaining agreements with labor unions having multi-year terms. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 606 of our employees, or 32.7% of our workforce, were represented by labor unions having collective bargaining agreements with us. Generally, these agreements have multi-year terms and expire on a staggered basis between 2013 and 2016. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 94 of our employees, or 5.1% of our workforce, were represented by agreements that expire within one year.
22. SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS
We did not have any customers that accounted for more than 10% of our revenues or any suppliers that accounted for more than 10% of our cost of goods sold in 2012 or 2011.
23. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, and currently, we are subject to various claims and litigation brought by employees, customers and other third parties for, among other matters, personal injuries, property damages, product defects and delay damages that have, or allegedly have, resulted from the conduct of our operations. As a result of these types of claims and litigation, we must periodically evaluate the probability of damages being assessed against us and the range of possible outcomes. In each reporting period, if we determine that the likelihood of damages being assessed against us is probable, and, if we believe we can estimate a range of possible outcomes, then we will record a liability. The amount of the liability will be based upon a specific estimate, if we believe a specific estimate to be likely, or it will reflect the low end of our range.
In May 2008, we received a letter from a multi-employer pension plan to which one of our subsidiaries is a contributing employer, providing notice that the Internal Revenue Service had denied applications by the plan for waivers of the minimum funding deficiency from prior years, and requesting payment of our allocable share of the minimum funding deficiency.
In April 2010, the multi-employer pension plan filed a civil complaint in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey to collect approximately $1.8 million for this minimum funding deficiency. During the third quarter of 2011, we entered into a settlement agreement with the multi-employer pension plan to pay the $1.8 million over three years plus interest. The $1.8 million was accrued in prior periods. We may receive future funding deficiency demands from this particular multi-employer pension plan, or other multi-employer plans to which we contribute. We are unable to estimate the amount of any potential future funding deficiency demands because the actions of each of the other contributing employers in the plans has an effect on each of the other contributing employers, the development of a rehabilitation plan by the trustees and subsequent submittal to and approval by the Internal Revenue Service is not predictable, and the allocation of fund assets and return assumptions by trustees are variable, as are actual investment returns relative to the plan assumptions.
As of March 8, 2013, there are no material product defect claims pending against us. Accordingly, our existing accruals for claims against us do not reflect any material amounts relating to product defect claims. While our management is not aware of
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
any facts that would reasonably be expected to lead to material product defect claims against us that would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, it is possible that claims could be asserted against us in the future. We do not maintain insurance that would cover all damages resulting from product defect claims. In particular, we generally do not maintain insurance coverage for the cost of removing and rebuilding structures, or so-called “rip and tear” coverage. In addition, our indemnification arrangements with contractors or others, when obtained, generally provide only limited protection against product defect claims. Due to inherent uncertainties associated with estimating unasserted claims in our business, we cannot estimate the amount of any future loss that may be attributable to unasserted product defect claims related to ready-mixed concrete we have delivered prior to December 31, 2012.
We believe that the resolution of all litigation currently pending or threatened against us or any of our subsidiaries will not materially exceed our existing accruals for those matters. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there is a risk that we may have to increase our accruals for one or more claims or proceedings to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party as more information becomes available or proceedings progress, and any such increase in accruals could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. We expect in the future that we and our operating subsidiaries will, from time to time, be a party to litigation or administrative proceedings that arise in the normal course of our business.
We are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other matters, air emissions and wastewater discharge. Our management believes we are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. From time to time, we receive claims from federal and state environmental regulatory agencies and entities asserting that we may be in violation of environmental laws and regulations. Based on experience and the information currently available, our management does not believe that these claims will materially exceed our related accruals. Despite compliance and experience, it is possible that we could be held liable for future charges, which might be material, but are not currently known to us or cannot be estimated by us. In addition, changes in federal or state laws, regulations or requirements, or discovery of currently unknown conditions, could require additional expenditures.
As permitted under Delaware law, we have agreements that provide indemnification of officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is or was serving at our request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments that we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is not limited; however, we have a director and officer insurance policy that potentially limits our exposure and enables us to recover a portion of future amounts that may be paid. As a result of the insurance policy coverage, we believe the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have not recorded any liabilities for these agreements as of December 31, 2012.
We and our subsidiaries are parties to agreements that require us to provide indemnification in certain instances when we acquire businesses and real estate and in the ordinary course of business with our customers, suppliers, lessors and service providers.
Lease Payments
We lease certain mobile and other equipment, land, facilities, office space and other items which, in the normal course of business, are renewed or replaced by subsequent leases. Total expense for such operating leases amounted to $13.8 million in 2012 and $12.6 million in 2011.
Future minimum rental payments with respect to our lease obligations as of December 31, 2012, are as follows:
| Operating Leases | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||
| Year ending December 31: | ||||
| 2013 | $ | 8.8 | ||
| 2014 | 7.5 | |||
| 2015 | 6.1 | |||
| 2016 | 5.2 | |||
| Later years | 15.9 | |||
| $ | 43.5 | |||
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Insurance Programs
We maintain third-party insurance coverage against certain risks. Under certain components of our insurance program, we share the risk of loss with our insurance underwriters by maintaining high deductibles subject to aggregate annual loss limitations. Generally, our deductible retentions per occurrence for auto, workers’ compensation and general liability insurance programs are $1.0 million, although certain of our operations are self-insured for workers’ compensation. We fund these deductibles and record an expense for expected losses under the programs. The expected losses are determined using a combination of our historical loss experience and subjective assessments of our future loss exposure. The estimated losses are subject to uncertainty from various sources, including changes in claims reporting patterns, claims settlement patterns, judicial decisions, legislation and economic conditions. Although we believe that the estimated losses we have recorded are reasonable, significant differences related to the items noted above could materially affect our insurance obligations and future expense. The amount accrued for self-insurance claims was $9.0 million as of December 31, 2012, compared to $9.9 million as of December 31, 2011, which is currently classified in accrued liabilities.
Performance Bonds
In the normal course of business, we and our subsidiaries are contingently liable for performance under $55.0 million in performance bonds that various contractors, states and municipalities have required as of December 31, 2012. The bonds principally relate to construction contracts, reclamation obligations and licensing and permitting. We and our subsidiaries have indemnified the underwriting insurance company against any exposure under the performance bonds. No material claims have been made against these bonds.
24. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS AND MULTI-EMPLOYER PENSION PLANS
Defined Contribution 401(k) Plan
We maintain a defined contribution 401(k) profit sharing plan for employees meeting various employment requirements. Eligible employees may contribute amounts up to the lesser of 60% of their annual compensation or the maximum amount IRS regulations permit. During 2012, we matched 50% of employee contributions up to a maximum of 5% of their compensation. We paid matching contributions of $1.0 million in 2012 and $0.6 million in 2011.
.
Multi-employer Pension Plans
Several of our subsidiaries are parties to various collective bargaining agreements with labor unions having multi-year terms that expire on a staggered basis. Under these agreements, our applicable subsidiaries pay specified wages to covered employees, observe designated workplace rules and make payments to multi-employer pension plans and employee benefit trusts rather than administering the funds on behalf of these employees. The risks of participating in these multi-employer pension plans are different from single-employer plans. Assets contributed to the multi-employer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers. If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers. If we choose to stop participating in some of these multi-employer plans, we may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability. We did not have to record a liability in fiscal 2012 or 2011 for full and partial withdrawals from any multi-employer pension plans. For additional information regarding our potential future obligations, see Note 23.
The required disclosures and our participation in significant multi-employer pension plans are presented in the table below. The EIN/Pension Plan Number column provides the Employer Identification Number (“EIN”) and the three-digit plan number, if applicable. The Pension Protection Act zone status is based on information available from the plan or the plan’s public filings. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65 percent funded, plans in the orange or yellow zones are less than 80 percent funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80 percent funded. The FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan (“FIP”) or a rehabilitation plan (“RP”) is either pending or has been implemented. The last column lists the expiration date(s) of the collective-bargaining agreements to which the plans are subject. Our contributions did not represent more than 5% percent of total contributions to any of the significant plans shown below.
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
| Pension Fund | EIN/ PPN | Pension Protection Act Zone Status | FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented | Contributions (in Thousands) | Surcharge Imposed | Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement | ||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
| Western Conference Teamster Pension Plan | 91-6145047/001 | Green | No | $ | 2,514 | $ | 2,382 | No | 6/30/2013 | |||||||||
| Operating Engineers Pension Trust Fund | 94-60907064/001 | Orange | No | 534 | 511 | No | 7/1/2014 | |||||||||||
| Local 282 Pension Trust Fund | 011-6245313/001 | Green | Yes | 584 | 508 | No | 6/30/2016 | |||||||||||
| Trucking Employees of New Jersey Pension Fund | 22-6063701/001 | Red | Yes | 426 | 377 | Yes | 4/30/2013 | |||||||||||
| Westchester Teamsters Pension Fund | 13-6123973/001 | Green | No | 150 | 190 | No | 5/31/2014 | |||||||||||
| Teamsters Local 445 Construction Division Pension Fund | 22-1864489/001 | Yellow | Yes | 165 | 187 | No | 6/30/2014 | |||||||||||
| Pension Fund of OE 825 | 22-6033380/001 | Orange | Yes | 124 | 129 | No | 5/31/2013 to 3/31/2016 | |||||||||||
| Local No. 863 Pension Plan | 22-1598194/001 | Red | Yes | 134 | 117 | Yes | 4/30/2013 | |||||||||||
| Other | Various | Various | Various | 316 | 347 | Various | 4/30/2013 to 8/31/2016 | |||||||||||
| $ | 4,947 | $ | 4,748 | |||||||||||||||
25. QUARTERLY SUMMARY (unaudited)
| 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
| First Quarter | Second Quarter | Third Quarter | Fourth Quarter | |||||||||||||
| Revenue - continuing operations | $ | 110,915 | $ | 138,177 | $ | 147,046 | $ | 134,909 | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (10,230 | ) | $ | (308 | ) | $ | (3,211 | ) | $ | (11,990 | ) | ||||
| Net income (loss) per share-basic | $ | (0.84 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.26 | ) | $ | (0.98 | ) | ||||
| Net income (loss) per share-diluted | $ | (0.84 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.26 | ) | $ | (0.98 | ) | ||||
| 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
| First Quarter | Second Quarter | Third Quarter | Fourth Quarter | |||||||||||||
| Revenue - continuing operations | $ | 78,023 | $ | 117,439 | $ | 132,554 | $ | 117,788 | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (24,714 | ) | $ | 2,548 | $ | 9,609 | $ | 854 | |||||||
| Net income (loss) per share-basic | $ | (2.07 | ) | $ | 0.21 | $ | 0.80 | $ | 0.07 | |||||||
| Net income (loss) per share-diluted | $ | (2.07 | ) | $ | 0.21 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 0.07 | |||||||
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U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
During the fourth quarter of 2011, we reclassified $1.5 million of activity on the consolidated statement of cash flows to cash used in financing activities that had previously been included in cash used in investing activities in varying amounts during the first three quarters of 2011. This activity related to $0.7 million of principal note payments on the seller financed portion of the acquisition of assets in our west Texas market and a $0.8 million payment on the redemption of Superior. The amounts previously included in investing activities was approximately $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.
26. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On February 6, 2013, we commenced an offer to exchange up to $69.3 million aggregate principal amount of newly issued 9.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2015, referred to as the New Notes, for all $55.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company's existing, outstanding Convertible Notes due 2015. The exchange offer and related consent solicitation, referred to as the Exchange Offer, was made upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the company's Preliminary Prospectus, dated February 6, 2013, and the related Letter of Transmittal & Consent. The Exchange Offer will expire at 12:00 midnight, New York City time, on Thursday, March 21, 2013, unless it is extended or earlier terminated by the Company, which we refer to as the Expiration Date. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Exchange Offer, holders of the Convertible Notes who validly tender and do not properly withdraw their Convertible Notes prior to 5:00 pm, New York City time, on the Expiration Date, will receive, for each $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes accepted for exchange, $1,260 principal amount of New Notes.
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Effective January 1, 2012 and following the completion of our 2011 audit, we changed the accounting firm engaged to complete our annual financial audit from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP to Grant Thornton LLP.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of December 31, 2012, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), which are designed to provide reasonable assurance that we are able to record, process, summarize and report the information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer have concluded that we have reasonable assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2012. We note that in May 2012, we failed to file a Form 8-K with the SEC to disclose the voting results of our 2012 annual meeting of stockholders. This was an isolated instance, the Form 8-K has since been filed on February 27, 2013 and we have enhanced our existing procedures to better ensure that required reports will be filed on a timely basis.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive, financial and accounting officers, we have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2012 and the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting has been remediated as described below.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. During 2011, we did not maintain effective controls over the analysis and application of accounting principles associated with significant, unusual and infrequently occurring transactions in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Specifically, the Company did not have effective review and approval practices relating to the accounting and disclosure of such transactions. This control deficiency resulted in prior year audit adjustments related to the classification of cash activity between investing and financing activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows that were discovered during the 2011 audit. Specifically, the adjustments resulted in the reclassification of $0.7 million of payments on the seller financed portion of an acquisition of assets in our west Texas market and a $0.8 million payment on the redemption of Superior, from investing activities to financing activities. These adjustments have been reflected appropriately in our Form 10-K. See below for information regarding the remediation of this material weakness.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Remediation of Material Weakness
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During the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2011, a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting was identified and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. We developed controls surrounding the analysis and application of accounting principles associated with significant, unusual and infrequently occurring transactions. Specifically, we developed a detailed checklist of our significant, unusual and infrequently occurring transactions that was used to review these transactions for appropriate accounting treatment and disclosures. In addition, we continued to obtain signed certifications from our financial and operating personnel regarding the existence of significant, unusual and infrequently occurring transactions. As a result of our changed procedures, this material weakness has been remediated as of December 31, 2012. Management will continue to monitor and update controls to ensure the accurate analysis, application and disclosure of accounting principles associated with significant, unusual and infrequently occurring transactions in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Item 9B. Other Information
Not applicable.
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PART III
In Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 below, pursuant to the General Instructions to Form 10-K, we intend to incorporate by reference the information we refer to in those Items from the definitive proxy statement for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, as our 2013 Annual Proxy Statement. We intend to file that definitive proxy statement with the SEC on or about April 5, 2013, but in any event within 120 days after the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
For the information this Item requires, please see the information under the headings “Proposal No. 1—Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Information Concerning the Board of Directors and Committees” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the 2013 Annual Proxy Statement, which is incorporated in this Item by this reference.
We have a code of ethics applicable to all our employees and directors. In addition, our principal executive, financial and accounting officers are subject to the provisions of the Code of Ethics of U.S. Concrete, Inc. for chief executive officer and senior financial officers, a copy of which is available on our Web site at www.us-concrete.com. In the event that we amend or waive any of the provisions of these codes of ethics applicable to our principal executive, financial and accounting officers, we intend to disclose that action on our website.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
For the information this Item requires, please see the information under the headings “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Director Compensation,” “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Program and Risk Management,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation Committee Report” in the 2013 Annual Proxy Statement, which is incorporated in this Item by this reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
For the information this Item requires, please see the information (1) under the heading “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in Item 5 of this report and (2) under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the 2013 Annual Proxy Statement, which is incorporated in this Item by this reference.
All shares of common stock issuable under our compensation plans are subject to adjustment to reflect any increase or decrease in the number of shares outstanding as a result of stock splits, combination of shares, recapitalizations, mergers or consolidations.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
For the information this Item requires, please see the information under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the 2013 Annual Proxy Statement, which is incorporated in this Item by this reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
For the information this Item requires, please see the information appearing under the heading “Fees Incurred by U.S. Concrete to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the 2013 Annual Proxy Statement, which is incorporated in this Item by this reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) Financial Statements.
For the information this item requires, please see Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page 40 of this report.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
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All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not required or the required information is shown in our consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits.
Exhibit Number | Description | |
| 2.1* | —Debtors’ Joint Plan of Reorganization filed pursuant to Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code filed on July 27, 2010 with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware in Case No. 10-11407 (Jointly Administered) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 30, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 2.2* | —Debtors’ Disclosure Statement filed pursuant to Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code filed on June 2, 2010 with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware in Case No. 10-11407(Jointly Administered) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 30, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 2.3* | Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2012, by and between Randolph R. Boardman and Terri L. Boardman, Trustees under the Randolph R. Boardman and Terri L. Boardman Family Trust Agreement dated January 21, 1997, Douglas H. Boardman and Lauren Boardman, Trustees of the Douglas H. Boardman and Lauren Boardman Family Trust, Danvers M. Boardman, III, Trustee under the DMB III Trust Agreement dated July 12, 2008 and Kathy M. Boardman, Trustee under the KMSB Trust Agreement dated June 26, 2008, as Sellers, and Randolph R. Boardman, Terri L. Boardman, Douglas H. Boardman, Lauren Boardman, Danvers M. Boardman III and Kathy M. Boardman, on the one hand, and Central Concrete Supply Co., Inc., and U.S. Concrete, Inc., on the other hand (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 18, 2012 (File No. 001-34530.)) | |
| 3.1* | —Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of U.S. Concrete, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on August 31, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 3.2* | —Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of U.S. Concrete, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on August 31, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 3.3* | Certificate of Change of Registered Agent and/or Registered Office, dated January 24, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2013 (File No. 000-34530)). | |
| 4.1* | —Form of common stock certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed August 31, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 4.2* | —Indenture, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., the Guarantors named therein, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee and Noteholder Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 4.3* | —Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., the Guarantors named therein and the Holders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 4.4* | —Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc.,subsidiaries named therein, and U.S. Bank National Association, as noteholder collateral agent(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 4.5* | —Form of Convertible Secured Note, included in Exhibit 4.2 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 4.6* | —Credit Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., certain of U.S.Concrete’s domestic subsidiaries as guarantors, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.,as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 4.7* | —Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc.,subsidiaries named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 4.8* | —Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and among JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee and noteholder collateral agent and each of the loan parties party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 4.9* | —Class A Warrant Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., subsidiaries named therein, and U.S. Bank National Association, as noteholder collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on August 31, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
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| 4.10* | —Class B Warrant Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., subsidiaries named therein, and U.S. Bank National Association, as noteholder collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on August 31, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 4.11* | —First Lien Patent Security Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc. and San Diego Precast Concrete, Inc., as grantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee and noteholder collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010 filed on November 9, 2010 (File No. 000-34530)). | |
| 4.12* | —First Lien Trademark Security Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2010, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc., as grantor, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee and noteholder collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010 filed on November 9, 2010 (File No. 000-34530)). | |
| 4.13* | —First First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of November 3, 2011, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., the other Loan Parties party thereto, the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as the administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 4, 2011 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 4.14* | —Loan and Security Agreement dated August 31, 2012 by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries party thereto as borrowers, certain subsidiaries party thereto as guarantors, certain financial institutions party thereto as lenders, and Bank of America, N.A., as Agent and Sole Lead Arranger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 31, 2012 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 4.15* | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 30, 2012, by and among Bode Gravel Co., and Bode Concrete LLC, as new guarantors, U.S. Concrete, Inc., as issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee. | |
| 10.1* | —Purchase Letter, dated as of July 20, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., Monarch Alternative Capital,L.P., Whitebox Advisors, LLC and York Capital Management Global Advisors, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 22, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.2* | —Pledge Commitment Letter, dated as of July 27, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., JPMorgan Securities Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.3* | —Redemption Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., Kurtz Gravel Company, Superior Holdings, Inc., BWB, Inc. of Michigan, Builders’ Redi-Mix, LLC, USC Michigan,Inc., Superior Materials Holding, LLC, and Edw. C. Levy Co (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.4* | —Joinder Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., Kurtz Gravel Company, Superior Holdings, Inc., BWB, Inc. of Michigan, Builders’ Redi-Mix, LLC, USC Michigan,Inc., Superior Materials Holding, LLC, Edw. C. Levy Co., VCNA Prairie, Inc. and Votorantim Cement North America, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.5* | —Promissory Note of U.S. Concrete, Inc., Kurtz Gravel Company, Superior Holdings, Inc., BWB, Inc. of Michigan, Builders’ Redi-Mix, LLC, USC Michigan, Inc., dated September 30, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.6*† | —Amended and Restated Executive Severance Agreement, effective as of October 1, 2010, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Michael W. Harlan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.7*† | —Amended and Restated Executive Severance Agreement, effective as of October 1, 2010, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Curt M. Lindeman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.8*† | —Executive Severance Agreement, effective as of October 1, 2010, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and James C. Lewis (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.9*† | —Executive Severance Agreement, effective as of October 1, 2010, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Gary J. Konnie. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.10*† | —Severance Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2007, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Jeff L. Davis. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.11*† | —First Amendment to Severance Agreement, effective as of December 31, 2008, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Jeff L. Davis. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
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| 10.12*† | —U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Subsidiaries 2010 Annual Team Member Incentive Plan. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.13*† | —U.S. Concrete, Inc. Management Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.14*† | —U.S. Concrete, Inc. Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.15*† | —U.S. Concrete, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.16*† | —Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.17* | —Support Agreement, dated as of August 16, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., the affiliates of Monarch Alternative Capital, LP set forth on the signature pages thereto, the affiliates of Whitebox Advisors, LLC set forth on the signature pages thereto and the affiliates of York Capital Management Global Advisors, LLC set forth on the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 16, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.18* | —Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2010, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., the guarantors set forth on the signature pages thereto, the Subscription Parties set forth in Annex I thereto and the Put Option Parties set forth on Annex II thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 27, 2010 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.19* | —Contribution Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2007, by and among, BWB, Inc. of Michigan Builders’, Redi-Mix, LLC, Kurtz Gravel Company, Superior Materials, Inc. USC Michigan, Inc., Edw. C. Levy Co. and Superior Joint Venture LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 26, 2007 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.20* | —Operating Agreement of Superior Materials, LLC dated effective as of April 1, 2007, by and between Kurtz Gravel Company, Superior Materials, Inc. and Edw. C. Levy Co., together with related Joinder Agreement dated effective April 2, 2007 by BWB, Inc. of Michigan Builders’, Redi-Mix, LLC, USC Michigan, Inc. and Superior Material Holdings LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 1, 2007 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.21* | —Guaranty dated as of April 1, 2007 by U.S. Concrete, Inc. in favor of Edw. C. Levy Co. and Superior Materials Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 1, 2007 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.22* | —Consulting Agreement dated February 23, 2007 by and between U.S. Concrete and Eugene P. Martineau (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 23, 2007 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.23*† | —Executive Severance Agreement Amendment, effective as of March 30, 2011, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Michael W. Harlan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 30, 2011 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.24* | —U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Subsidiaries 2011 Annual Team Member Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 6, 2011 (File No. 011-34530)). | |
| 10.25*† | —Term Sheet dated as of July 14, 2011 between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and William J. Sandbrook (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2011 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.26*† | —Severance Benefit Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2011, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. (and Michael W. Harlan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 5, 2011 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.27*† | —Executive Severance Agreement, effective as of August 22, 2011 between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and William J. Sandbrook (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.28*† | —Indemnification Agreement, effective as of August 22, 2011 between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and William J. Sandbrook (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.29*† | —Indemnification Agreement, as of February 28, 2011, by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Kent D. Cauley (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company ' s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2012 (Filed No. 001-34530) | |
| 10.30*† | —Executive Severance Agreement, effective as of February 28, 2011, between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Kent D. Cauley (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.2 to the Company ' s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2012 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
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| 10.31*† | —Management Consulting Agreement dated June 25, 2012 by and between U.S. Concrete and Gary J. Konnie (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 29, 2012 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 10.32* | —Asset Purchase Agreement dated August 2, 2012 by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Central Precast Concrete, Inc., San Diego Precast Concrete, Inc., Sierra Precast Inc. and Oldcastle Precast, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 2, 2012 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.33* | —Letter Agreement dated August 2, 2012, among U.S. Concrete, Inc., the other Loan Parties party thereto, the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 2, 2012 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.34*† | —Offer Letter to William Matthew Brown, dated August 7, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 7, 2012 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.35*† | —Executive Severance Agreement dated August 8, 2012 by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and William Matthew Brown (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 7, 2012 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.36*† | —Indemnification Agreement dated August 8, 2012 by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and William Matthew Brown (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 7, 2012 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 10.37† | —Executive Severance Agreement dated January 23, 2013 by and between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and Niel L. Poulsen. | |
| 10.38* | —Exchange and Consent Agreement dated December 20, 2012 between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and the affiliates of Whippoorwill Associates, Inc. party thereto. | |
| 10.39* | —Exchange and Consent Agreement dated December 20, 2012 between U.S. Concrete, Inc. and the affiliates of Monarch Alternative Capital, LP party thereto. | |
| 10.40* | —Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March [6], 2013 (File No. 0001-34530)). | |
| 12* | —Statement regarding computation of ratios (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2006 (File No. 000-26025)). | |
| 16.1* | Letter from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP regarding change in certifying accountant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 19, 2012 (File No. 001-34530)). | |
| 21 | —Subsidiaries. | |
| 23.1 | —Consent of Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. | |
| 23.2 | —Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. | |
| 31.1 | —Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of William J. Sandbrook. | |
| 31.2 | —Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of William M. Brown. | |
| 32.1 | —Section 1350 Certification of William J. Sandbrook. | |
| 32.2 | —Section 1350 Certification of William M. Brown. | |
| 99.1 | —Reporting Requirements Regarding Coal or Other Mine Safety. | |
| 101.INS | —Instance Document | |
| 101.SCH | —XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101.CAL | —XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.DEF | —XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB | —XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
| 101.PRE | —XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
* Incorporated by reference to the filing indicated.
† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| U.S. CONCRETE, INC. | ||
| Date: March 8, 2013 | By: | /s/ William J. Sandbrook |
William J. Sandbrook President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 8, 2013.
| Signature | Title | |
| /s/ William J. Sandbrook | President and Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | |
| William J. Sandbrook | ||
| /s/ William M. Brown | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |
| William M. Brown | ||
| /s/ Kurt M. Cellar | Director | |
| Kurt M. Cellar | ||
| /s/ Eugene I. Davis | Director | |
| Eugene I. Davis | ||
| /s/ Michael D. Lundin | Director | |
| Michael D. Lundin | ||
| /s/ Robert M. Rayner | Director | |
| Robert M. Rayner | ||
| /s/ Theodore P. Rossi | Director | |
| Theodore P. Rossi | ||
| /s/ Colin M. Sutherland | Director | |
| Colin M. Sutherland | ||
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