Item 1. Business
General
MutualFirst Financial, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“MutualFirst” or the “Company”), is a savings and loan holding company that has as its wholly-owned subsidiary MutualBank (“Mutual” or the “Bank”). MFS Financial was formed in September 1999 to become the holding company of Mutual in connection with Mutual’s conversion from the mutual to stock form of organization on December 29, 1999. In April 2001, MFS Financial formally changed its corporate name to MutualFirst Financial, Inc. (“MutualFirst”). The words “we,” “our” and “us” refer to MutualFirst and MutualBank on a consolidated basis.
At December 31, 2008, we had total assets of $1.4 billion, deposits of $962.5 million and stockholders’ equity of $130.5 million. Our executive offices are located at 110 E. Charles Street, Muncie, Indiana 47305-2400, and our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “MFSF.”
Substantially all of MutualFirst’s business is conducted through Mutual, which is a federal savings bank subject to extensive regulation by the Office of Thrift Supervision (“OTS”). Mutual’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).
Our principal business consists of attracting retail deposits from the general public and investing those funds primarily in loans secured by first mortgages on owner-occupied, one- to four-family residences, a variety of consumer loans, loans secured by commercial and multi-family real estate and commercial business loans. Funds not invested in loans generally are invested in investment securities, including mortgage-backed and mortgage-related securities.
Our profitability depends primarily on net interest income, which is the difference between interest and dividend income on interest-earning assets, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest-earning assets include principally loans, investment securities, including mortgage-backed and related securities and interest-earning deposits in other institutions. Net interest income is dependent upon the level of interest rates and the extent to which such rates are changing. Our profitability is also dependent, to a lesser extent, on the level of noninterest income, provision for loan losses, noninterest expense and income taxes. Our operations and profitability are subject to changes in interest rates, applicable statutes and regulations, and general economic conditions, as well as other factors beyond our control.
We offer deposit accounts having a wide range of interest rates and terms, which generally include passbook and statement savings, money market deposit accounts, NOW and interest checking accounts and certificates of deposit with terms ranging from seven days to 83 months. We solicit most of our deposits in our market areas and we occasionally accept brokered deposits. See “Sources of Funds – Deposits.”
MutualWealth, formerly Community Wealth Management Group, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of MFB Financial, is the wealth management division of the bank that provides a variety of complimentary, fee based financial services including trust, investment, insurance, broker advisory, retirement plan and private banking services in the Bank's market area. As of December 31, 2008, MutualWealth managed assets of $352.0 million.
On July 18, 2008, the Company acquired MFB Corp. ("MFB") and merged MFB’s subsidiary bank, MFB Financial, into MutualBank in accordance with the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 7, 2008 (the "Merger Agreement"). MutualFirst issued an aggregate of 2.9 million shares of its common stock and paid approximately $11.5 million in cash to MFB stockholders in the transaction. MutualFirst also assumed 114,500 MFB stock options, which have converted into approximately 296,555 MutualFirst stock options with a weighted average exercise price of $9.90 per share. As a result of the transaction, MutualBank now has 33 retail financial centers, spanning nine Indiana counties and is the 11th largest depository institution headquartered in Indiana. MutualBank also has trust offices in Carmel and Crawfordsville, Indiana and a loan origination office in New Buffalo, Michigan.
On December 23, 2008, as part of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) Capital Purchase Program, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement and Securities Purchase Agreement (collectively, the “Purchase Agreement”) with the United States Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”), pursuant to which the Company (i) sold 32,382 shares of the Company’s Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) for a purchase price of $32,382,000 in cash and (ii) issued a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase 625,135 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), for a per share price of $7.77 per share. The Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to cumulative dividends at a rate of 5% per annum for the first five years, and 9% per annum thereafter. The Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed by the Company at any time, subject to consultation by the Treasury with the Officer of Thrift Supervision (“OTS”). The Warrant has a 10-year term and is immediately exercisable upon its issuance, with an exercise price, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, equal to $7.77 per share of the Common Stock. If the Series A Preferred Stock is redeemed, the Warrant will be liquidated at the current market price. The Warrant is attached as Exhibit 4.2 hereto and is incorporated herein by reference. Treasury has agreed not to exercise voting power with respect to any shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise of the Warrant that it holds.
Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the ability of the Company to declare or pay dividends or distributions on, or purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire for consideration, shares of its Junior Stock (as defined below) and Parity Stock (as defined below) will be subject to restrictions, including a restriction against increasing dividends from the last quarterly cash dividend per share ($0.16) declared on the Common Stock prior to December 23, 2008. The redemption, purchase or other acquisition of trust preferred securities of the Company or its affiliates also will be restricted. These restrictions will terminate on the earlier of (a) the third anniversary of the date of issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock, (b) the date on which the Series A Preferred Stock has been redeemed in whole; and (c) the date Treasury has transferred all of the Series A Preferred Stock to third parties. In addition, the ability of the Company to declare or pay dividends or distributions on, or repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire for consideration, shares of its Junior Stock and Parity Stock will be subject to restrictions in the event that the Company fails to declare and pay full dividends (or declare and set aside a sum sufficient for payment thereof) on its Series A Preferred Stock. “Junior Stock” means the Common Stock and any other class or series of stock of the Company the terms of which expressly provide that it ranks junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividend rights and/or rights on liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. “Parity Stock” means any class or series of stock of the Company the terms of which do not expressly provide that such class or series will rank senior or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividend rights and/or rights on liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company (in each case without regard to whether dividends accrue cumulatively or non-cumulatively).
The Company placed $29.1 million of TARP proceeds into its wholly-owned subsidiary MutualBank, while maintaining the $3.2 million with the Company. MutualBank placed approximately $20.0 million of the proceeds in highly rated securities. Of the $20.0 million, approximately $14.8 million was placed in mortgage securities, $3.2 million in municipal securities and $2.0 million in corporate bonds. These securities will provide liquidity as needed to meet current and future loan demand. The remaining funds held at MutualBank were placed in working capital, which was used to fund loans and meet the cash needs of MutualBank.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-K contains various forward-looking statements that are based on assumptions and describe our future plans and strategies and our expectations. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by words such as “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” or similar words. Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is uncertain. Factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimated include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, legislative/regulatory changes, monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board, the quality and composition of our loan and investment portfolios, demand for our loan products, deposit flows, our operating expenses, competition, demand for financial services in our market areas and accounting principles and guidelines. These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements, and you should not rely too much on these statements. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
Difficult market conditions and economic trends have adversely affected our industry and our business.
Dramatic declines in the housing market, with decreasing home prices and increasing delinquencies and foreclosures, have negatively impacted the credit performance of mortgage and construction loans and resulted in significant write-downs of assets by many financial institutions. General downward economic trends, reduced availability of commercial credit and increasing unemployment have negatively impacted the credit performance of commercial and consumer credit, resulting in additional write-downs. Concerns over the stability of the financial markets and the economy have resulted in decreased lending by some financial institutions to their customers and to each other. This market turmoil and tightening of credit has led to increased commercial and consumer deficiencies, lack of customer confidence, increased market volatility and widespread reduction in general business activity. Some financial institutions have experienced decreased access to deposits or borrowings.
The resulting economic pressure on the consumer and businesses and the lack of confidence in the financial markets may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation and stock price.
Our ability to assess the creditworthiness of customers and to estimate the losses inherent in our credit exposure is made more complex by these difficult market and economic conditions. We also expect to face increased regulation and government oversight as a result of these downward trends. This increased government action may increase our costs and limit our ability to pursue certain business opportunities. We also may be required to pay even higher Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation premiums than the recently increased level, because financial institutions failures resulting from the depressed market conditions have depleted and may continue to deplete the deposit insurance fund and reduce its ratio of reserves to insured deposits.
We do not believe these difficult conditions are likely to improve in the near future. A worsening of these conditions would likely exacerbate the adverse effects of these difficult market and economic conditions on us, our customers and the other financial institutions in our market. As a result, we may experience increases in foreclosures, delinquencies and customer bankruptcies, as well as more restricted access to funds.
Recent legislative and regulatory initiatives to address these difficult market and economic conditions may not stabilize the US banking system.
The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”) authorizes the United States Department of Treasury, hereafter the Treasury Department, to purchase from financial institutions and their holding companies up to $700 billion in mortgage loans, mortgage-related securities and certain other financial instruments, including debt and equity securities issued by financial institutions and their holding companies in a troubled asset relief program. The purpose of the troubled asset relief program is to restore confidence and stability to the U.S. banking system and to encourage financial institutions to increase their lending to customers and to each other. The Treasury Department has allocated $350 billion towards the troubled asset relief program to the capital purchase program. Under the capital purchase program, the Treasury Department will purchase debt or equity securities from participating institutions. The troubled asset relief program is also expected to include direct purchases or guarantees of troubled assets of financial institutions.
EESA also increased Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation deposit insurance on most accounts from $100,000 to $250,000. This increase is in place until the end of 2009 and is not covered by deposit insurance premiums paid by the banking industry. In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has implemented two temporary programs to provide deposit insurance for the full amount of most non-interest bearing transaction accounts through the end of 2009 and to guarantee certain unsecured debt of financial institutions and their holding companies through June 2012. Financial institutions have until November 12, 2008 to opt out of these two programs. The purpose of these legislative and regulatory actions is to stabilize the volatility in the U.S. banking system.
EESA, the troubled asset relief program and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s recent regulatory initiatives may not stabilize the U.S. banking system or financial markets. If the volatility in the market and the economy continue or worsen, our business, financial condition, results of operations, access to funds and the price of our stock could be materially and adversely impacted.
The recently enacted American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “AARA”) is a broad based economic stimulus bill that contains a broad range of tax revisions and government spending to address the national economic decline. It does not contain any specific provisions governing financial institutions, except for TARP recipients. It imposes new compensation limits and requirements on TARP recipients and allows TARP funds to be returned with the requirements for replacement capital or the passage of set time periods included in the TARP agreement.
Market Area
We are a community-oriented financial institution offering a variety of financial services to meet the needs of the communities we serve. We are headquartered in Muncie, Indiana and we offer our financial services through 33 full service retail financial centers offices in Delaware, Elkhart, Grant, Kosciusko, Randolph, St. Joseph and Wabash counties. MutualBank also has trust offices in Carmel and Crawfordsville, Indiana and a loan origination office in New Buffalo, Michigan. We also originate mortgage loans in the counties contiguous to these counties, and we originate indirect consumer loans throughout Indiana. See “Lending Activities — Consumer and Other Lending.”
Lending Activities
General. Our loans carry either a fixed- or an adjustable-rate of interest. At December 31, 2008, our net loan portfolio totaled $1.1 billion, which constituted 80.1% of our total assets.
Loans up to $600,000 may be approved by individual loan officers. Loans in excess of $600,000, but not in excess of $1.2 million, may be approved by the signature of an Executive Loan Committee member and one other loan officer to the total of their combined individual lending authority. Loans not to exceed $3.0 million, to a borrower whose aggregate debt is not greater than $5.0 million, may be approved by a majority vote of the Executive Loan Committee. All loans in excess of $3.0 million and loans of any amount to a borrower whose aggregate debt will exceed $5.0 million must be approved by the Board of Directors. The aggregate limit may be increased by or decreased by a specific guidance by the Board for a specific borrower.
At December 31, 2008, the maximum amount which we could lend to any one borrower and the borrower’s related entities was approximately $22.5 million. As of December 31, 2008, our largest lending relationship to a single borrower or group of related borrowers consisted of four loans totaling $6.9 million. All of the loans in this relationship are secured by real estate consisting of retail, franchised, auto service centers guaranteed by the principal owners and supported by long term leases to the franchisor. Each of these loans to this group of borrowers was current and performing in accordance with its terms at December 31, 2008.
The following table presents information concerning the composition of our loan portfolio in dollar amounts and in percentages as of the dates indicated.
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Real Estate Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | $ | 521,364 | (1) | | | 46.11 | % | | $ | 431,018 | (2) | | | 53.02 | % | | $ | 433,123 | (3) | | | 53.01 | % | | $ | 451,914 | (4) | | | 54.00 | % | | $ | 385,678 | (5) | | | 52.96 | % |
Multi-family | | | 2,698 | | | | 0.24 | | | | 3,929 | | | | 0.48 | | | | 5,073 | | | | 0.62 | | | | 5,505 | | | | 0.66 | | | | 4,657 | | | | .64 | |
Commercial | | | 250,693 | | | | 22.17 | | | | 82,116 | | | | 10.10 | | | | 73,912 | | | | 9.05 | | | | 77,270 | | | | 9.23 | | | | 68,067 | | | | 9.35 | |
Construction and development | | | 12,232 | | | | 1.08 | | | | 13,560 | | | | 1.67 | | | | 14,451 | | | | 1.77 | | | | 22,938 | | | | 2.74 | | | | 20,745 | | | | 2.85 | |
Total real estate loans | | $ | 786,987 | | | | 69.60 | | | $ | 530,623 | | | | 65.28 | | | $ | 526,559 | | | | 64.45 | | | | 557,627 | | | | 66.63 | | | | 479,147 | | | | 65.80 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consumer Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Automobile | | $ | 22,715 | | | | 2.01 | | | $ | 22,917 | | | | 2.82 | | | $ | 31,336 | | | | 3.84 | | | | 39,802 | | | | 4.76 | | | | 39,475 | | | | 5.42 | |
Home equity | | | 66,460 | | | | 5.88 | | | | 27,232 | | | | 3.35 | | | | 30,051 | | | | 3.68 | | | | 31,962 | | | | 3.82 | | | | 29,464 | | | | 4.05 | |
Home improvement | | | 45,339 | | | | 4.01 | | | | 45,156 | | | | 5.55 | | | | 38,546 | | | | 4.72 | | | | 31,933 | | | | 3.82 | | | | 23,289 | | | | 3.20 | |
Manufactured housing | | | 727 | | | | 0.06 | | | | 992 | | | | 0.12 | | | | 1,422 | | | | 0.17 | | | | 2,106 | | | | 0.25 | | | | 2,879 | | | | .40 | |
R.V. | | | 79,884 | | | | 7.07 | | | | 77,805 | | | | 9.57 | | | | 71,321 | | | | 8.73 | | | | 64,222 | | | | 7.67 | | | | 58,643 | | | | 8.05 | |
Boat | | | 46,928 | | | | 4.15 | | | | 47,816 | | | | 5.88 | | | | 46,311 | | | | 5.67 | | | | 40,631 | | | | 4.85 | | | | 38,382 | | | | 5.27 | |
Other | | | 6,339 | | | | 0.56 | | | | 3,593 | | | | 0.44 | | | | 3,986 | | | | .48 | | | | 4,305 | | | | .51 | | | | 3,325 | | | | .46 | |
Total consumer loans | | | 268,392 | | | | 23.74 | | | | 225,511 | | | | 27.74 | | | | 222,973 | | | | 27.29 | | | | 214,961 | | | | 25.68 | | | | 195,457 | | | | 26.84 | |
Commercial business loans | | | 75,290 | | | | 6.66 | | | | 56,764 | | | | 6.98 | | | | 67,476 | | | | 8.26 | | | | 64,353 | | | | 7.69 | | | | 53,620 | | | | 7.36 | |
Total other loans | | | 343,682 | | | | 30.40 | | | | 282,275 | | | | 34.72 | | | | 290,449 | | | | 35.55 | | | | 279,314 | | | | 33.37 | | | | 249,077 | | | | 34.20 | |
Total loans receivable, gross | | | 1,130,669 | (1) | | | 100.00 | % | | | 812,898 | (2) | | | 100.00 | % | | | 817,008 | (3) | | | 100.00 | % | | | 836,941 | (4) | | | 100.00 | % | | | 728,224 | (5) | | | 100.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Undisbursed portion of loans | | | 4,372 | | | | | | | | 3,984 | | | | | | | | 5,520 | | | | | | | | 7,724 | | | | | | | | 9,237 | | | | | |
Deferred loan fees and costs | | | (3,484 | ) | | | | | | | (3,519 | ) | | | | | | | (3,623 | ) | | | | | | | (3,453 | ) | | | | | | | (3,814 | ) | | | | |
Allowance for losses | | | 15,107 | | | | | | | | 8,352 | | | | | | | | 8,156 | | | | | | | | 8,100 | | | | | | | | 6,867 | | | | | |
Total loans receivable, net | | $ | 1,114,674 | | | | | | | $ | 804,081 | | | | | | | $ | 806,955 | | | | | | | $ | 824,570 | | | | | | | $ | 715,934 | | | | | |
(1) Includes loans held for sale of $1.5 million.
(2) Includes loans held for sale of $1.6 million.
(3) Includes loans held for sale of $1.3 million.
(4) Includes loans held for sale of $2.0 million.
(5) Includes loans held for sale of $2.9 million.
The following table shows the composition of our loan portfolio by fixed- and adjustable-rate at the dates indicated.
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Fixed-Rate Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | $ | 261,969 | (1) | | | 23.17 | % | | $ | 254,235 | (2) | | | 31.28 | % | | $ | 271,405 | (3) | | | 33.22 | % | | $ | 305,911 | (4) | | | 36.55 | % | | $ | 262,716 | (5) | | | 38.08 | % |
Multi-family | | | 2,401 | | | | 0.21 | | | | 3,610 | | | | 0.44 | | | | 4,488 | | | | 0.55 | | | | 4,587 | | | | 0.55 | | | | 3,427 | | | | .47 | |
Commercial | | | 115,922 | | | | 10.25 | | | | 17,281 | | | | 2.13 | | | | 9,408 | | | | 1.15 | | | | 9,375 | | | | 1.12 | | | | 6,918 | | | | .95 | |
Construction and development | | | 9,724 | | | | 0.86 | | | | 10,197 | | | | 1.25 | | | | 8,310 | | | | 1.02 | | | | 12,690 | | | | 1.52 | | | | 15,191 | | | | 2.09 | |
Total real estate loans | | | 390,016 | | | | 34.49 | | | | 285,323 | | | | 35.10 | | | | 293,611 | | | | 35.94 | | | | 332,563 | | | | 39.74 | | | | 288,252 | | | | 39.58 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consumer | | | 229,326 | | | | 20.28 | | | | 198,068 | | | | 24.37 | | | | 192,715 | | | | 23.59 | | | | 182,784 | | | | 21.84 | | | | 165,895 | | | | 22.78 | |
Commercial business | | | 37,865 | | | | 3.35 | | | | 19,842 | | | | 2.44 | | | | 27,093 | | | | 3.32 | | | | 20,000 | | | | 2.39 | | | | 16,347 | | | | 2.24 | |
Total fixed-rate loans | | | 657,207 | | | | 58.12 | | | | 503,233 | | | | 61.91 | | | | 513,419 | | | | 62.85 | | | | 535,347 | | | | 63.97 | | | | 470,494 | | | | 64.61 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjustable-Rate Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | | 259,395 | | | | 22.94 | | | | 176,783 | | | | 21.75 | | | | 161,718 | | | | 19.79 | | | | 146,003 | | | | 17.44 | | | | 122,962 | | | | 16.89 | |
Multi-family | | | 297 | | | | 0.03 | | | | 319 | | | | 0.04 | | | | 585 | | | | .07 | | | | 918 | | | | 0.11 | | | | 1,230 | | | | .17 | |
Commercial | | | 134,771 | | | | 11.92 | | | | 64,835 | | | | 7.98 | | | | 64,504 | | | | 7.90 | | | | 67,895 | | | | 8.11 | | | | 61,149 | | | | 8.40 | |
Construction and development | | | 2,508 | | | | 0.22 | | | | 3,363 | | | | 0.41 | | | | 6,141 | | | | .75 | | | | 10,248 | | | | 1.22 | | | | 5,554 | | | | .76 | |
Total real estate loans | | | 396,971 | | | | 35.11 | | | | 245,300 | | | | 30.18 | | | | 232,948 | | | | 28.51 | | | | 225,064 | | | | 26.88 | | | | 190,895 | | | | 26.21 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consumer | | | 39,066 | | | | 3.46 | | | | 27,443 | | | | 3.38 | | | | 30,258 | | | | 3.70 | | | | 32,177 | | | | 3.85 | | | | 29,562 | | | | 4.06 | |
Commercial business | | | 37,425 | | | | 3.31 | | | | 36,922 | | | | 4.53 | | | | 40,383 | | | | 4.94 | | | | 44,353 | | | | 5.30 | | | | 37,273 | | | | 5.12 | |
Total adjustable-rate loans | | | 473,462 | | | | 41.88 | | | | 309,665 | | | | 38.09 | | | | 303,589 | | | | 37.15 | | | | 301,594 | | | | 36.03 | | | | 257,730 | | | | 35.39 | |
Total loans | | | 1,130,669 | (1) | | | 100.00 | % | | | 812,898 | (2) | | | 100.00 | % | | | 817,008 | (3) | | | 100.00 | % | | | 836,941 | (4) | | | 100.00 | % | | | 728,224 | (5) | | | 100.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Undisbursed portion of loans | | | 4,372 | | | | | | | | 3,984 | | | | | | | | 5,520 | | | | | | | | 7,724 | | | | | | | | 9,237 | | | | | |
Deferred loan fees and costs | | | (3,484 | ) | | | | | | | (3,519 | ) | | | | | | | (3,623 | ) | | | | | | | (3,453 | ) | | | | | | | (3,814 | ) | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses | | | 15,107 | | | | | | | | 8,352 | | | | | | | | 8,156 | | | | | | | | 8,100 | | | | | | | | 6,867 | | | | | |
Total loans receivable, net | | $ | 1,114,674 | | | | | | | $ | 804,081 | | | | | | | $ | 806,955 | | | | | | | $ | 824,570 | | | | | | | $ | 715,934 | | | | | |
(1) Includes loans held for sale of $1.5 million.
(2) Includes loans held for sale of $1.6 million.
(3) Includes loans held for sale of $1.3 million.
(4) Includes loans held for sale of $2.0 million.
(5) Includes loans held for sale of $2.9 million.
The following schedule illustrates the contractual maturity of our loan portfolio at December 31, 2008. Mortgages that have adjustable or renegotiable interest rates are shown as maturing in the period during which the contract is due. The schedule does not reflect the effects of possible prepayments or enforcement of due-on-sale clauses.
| | Real Estate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | One- to Four-Family(1) | | | Multi-family and Commercial | | | Construction and Development(2) | | | Consumer | | | Commercial Business | | | Total | |
| | Amount | | | Weighted Average Rate | | | Amount | | | Weighted Average Rate | | | Amount | | | Weighted Average Rate | | | Amount | | | Weighted Average Rate | | | Amount | | | Weighted Average Rate | | | Amount | | | Weighted Average Rate | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Due During Years Ending December 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2009(3) | | $ | 385 | | | | 7.02 | % | | $ | 69,196 | | | | 5.28 | % | | $ | 1,326 | | | | 6.34 | % | | $ | 8,492 | | | | 6.74 | % | | $ | 35,314 | | | | 3.34 | % | | $ | 114,713 | | | | 4.81 | % |
2010 | | | 401 | | | | 6.38 | | | | 16,578 | | | | 5.85 | | | | 438 | | | | 6.37 | | | | 10,804 | | | | 6.80 | | | | 2,701 | | | | 6.37 | | | | 30,922 | | | | 6.24 | |
2011 | | | 532 | | | | 6.02 | | | | 26,635 | | | | 6.38 | | | | 274 | | | | 7.34 | | | | 17,780 | | | | 7.23 | | | | 7,209 | | | | 5.34 | | | | 52,430 | | | | 6.53 | |
2012 and 2013 | | | 10,706 | | | | 5.88 | | | | 46,989 | | | | 6.32 | | | | 496 | | | | 7.97 | | | | 38,110 | | | | 7.08 | | | | 20,507 | | | | 6.73 | | | | 116,808 | | | | 6.61 | |
2014 to 2015 | | | 9,351 | | | | 6.11 | | | | 21,562 | | | | 6.76 | | | | 104 | | | | 8.62 | | | | 18,685 | | | | 7.17 | | | | 4,798 | | | | 6.57 | | | | 54,500 | | | | 6.78 | |
2016 to 2030 | | | 151,119 | | | | 5.84 | | | | 69,821 | | | | 6.68 | | | | 1,248 | | | | 6.06 | | | | 173,986 | | | | 7.02 | | | | 4,761 | | | | 6.26 | | | | 400,935 | | | | 6.50 | |
2031 and following | | | 347,329 | | | | 5.90 | | | | 2,610 | | | | 4.95 | | | | 8,346 | | | | 6.13 | | | | 535 | | | | 5.97 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 358,820 | | | | 5.90 | |
Total | | $ | 519,823 | | | | 5.89 | % | | $ | 253,391 | | | | 6.13 | % | | $ | 12,232 | | | | 6.28 | % | | $ | 268,392 | | | | 7.03 | % | | $ | 75,290 | | | | 4.95 | % | | $ | 1,129,128 | | | | 6.16 | % |
____________________
(1) Does not include mortgage loans held for sale.
(2) Once the construction phase has been completed, these loans will automatically convert to permanent financing.
(3) Includes demand loans, loans having no stated maturity and overdraft loans.
The total amount of loans due after December 31, 2009 that have predetermined interest rates is $633.1 million, and the total amount of loans due after such date which have floating or adjustable interest rates is $381.3 million.
One- to Four-Family Residential Real Estate Lending. We focus our real estate lending efforts primarily on the origination of loans secured by first mortgages on owner-occupied, one- to four-family residences in our market areas. At December 31, 2008, one- to four-family residential mortgage loans totaled $521.4 million, or 46.1% of our gross loan portfolio.
We generally underwrite our one- to four-family loans based on the loan applicant’s employment and credit history and the appraised value of the subject property. Generally, we lend up to 97% of the lesser of the appraised value or purchase price for one- to four-family residential loans. For loans with a loan-to-value ratio in excess of 80%, we generally require private mortgage insurance in order to reduce our exposure to below 80%. Properties securing our one- to four-family loans are appraised by independent state licensed fee appraisers approved by MutualBank’s Board of Directors. We require borrowers to obtain title insurance in the amount of their mortgage. Hazard insurance and flood insurance, if necessary, are required in an amount of the lesser of the value of the property improvements or our mortgage amount.
We originate one- to four-family mortgage loans on either a fixed- or adjustable-rate basis, as consumer demand dictates. Our pricing strategy for mortgage loans includes setting interest rates that are competitive with the secondary market and other local financial institutions and are consistent with our internal needs. Adjustable-rate mortgage or ARM loans are offered with a one-year, three-year, five-year, seven-year or ten-year term to the initial repricing date. After the initial period, the interest rate for each ARM loan adjusts annually for the remainder of the term of the loan. We use the weekly average of the one-year Treasury Bill Constant Maturity Index to reprice our ARM loans. During fiscal 2008, we originated $33.1 million of one- to four-family ARM loans and $78.0 million of one- to four-family fixed-rate mortgage loans. By way of comparison, prior to the merger of MFB Financial, during fiscal 2007, we originated $28.3 million of one- to four-family ARM loans and $58.3 million of one- to four-family fixed-rate mortgage loans.
Fixed-rate loans secured by one- to four-family residences have contractual maturities of up to 30 years and are generally fully amortizing, with payments due monthly. These loans normally remain outstanding, however, for a substantially shorter period of time because of refinancing and other prepayments. A significant change in interest rates could alter considerably the average life of a residential loan in our portfolio. Our one- to four-family loans are generally not assumable, do not contain prepayment penalties and do not permit negative amortization of principal. Most are written using underwriting guidelines which make them saleable in the secondary market. Our real estate loans generally contain a “due on sale” clause allowing us to declare the unpaid principal balance due and payable upon the sale of the security property.
Our one- to four-family residential ARM loans are fully amortizing loans with contractual maturities of up to 30 years, with payments due monthly. Our ARM loans generally provide for specified minimum and maximum interest rates, with a lifetime cap and floor, and a periodic adjustment on the interest rate over the rate in effect on the date of origination. As a consequence of using caps, the interest rates on these loans may not be as rate sensitive as is our cost of funds.
In order to remain competitive in our market areas, we sometimes originate ARM loans at initial rates below the fully indexed rate. ARM loans generally pose different credit risks than fixed-rate loans, primarily because as interest rates rise, the borrower’s payment rises, increasing the potential for default. Our payment history for ARM loans has not been substantially different from fixed rate loans. See “Asset Quality — Non-performing Assets” and “— Classified Assets.” At December 31, 2008, our one- to four-family ARM loan portfolio totaled $259.4 million, or 22.9% of our gross loan portfolio. At that date, the fixed-rate one- to four-family mortgage loan portfolio totaled $262.0 million, or 23.2% of our gross loan portfolio.
Multi-family and Commercial Real Estate Lending. We offer a variety of multi-family and commercial real estate loans for acquisition, renovation or construction. These loans are secured by the real estate and improvements financed. The collateral securing these loans ranges from industrial commercial buildings to churches, office buildings and multi-family housing complexes. At December 31, 2008, multi-family and commercial real estate loans totaled $253.4 million, or 22.4% of our gross loan portfolio.
Our loans secured by multi-family and commercial real estate are originated with either a fixed or adjustable interest rate. The interest rate on adjustable-rate loans is based on a variety of indices, generally determined through negotiation with the borrower. Loan-to-value ratios on our multi-family and commercial real estate loans typically do not exceed 80% of the current appraised value of the property securing the loan. These loans typically require monthly payments, may not be fully amortizing and generally have maximum maturities of 25 years. Developmental loans are secured by real estate and repaid by the sale of lots.
Loans secured by multi-family and commercial real estate are underwritten based on the income producing potential of the property and the financial strength of the borrower. The net operating income, which is the income derived from the operation of the property less all operating expenses, must be sufficient to cover the payments related to the outstanding debt. We may require personal guarantees of the borrowers in addition to the real estate as collateral for such loans. We also generally require an assignment of rents or leases in order to be assured that the cash flow from the real estate can be used to repay the debt. Appraisals on properties securing multi-family and commercial real estate loans are performed by independent state licensed fee appraisers approved by MutualBank’s Board of Directors. See “Loan Originations, Purchases, Sales and Repayments.”
We generally do not maintain a tax or insurance escrow account for loans secured by multi-family and commercial real estate. In order to monitor the adequacy of cash flows on income-producing properties, the borrower is required to provide periodic financial information.
Loans secured by multi-family and commercial real estate are generally larger and involve a greater degree of credit risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Multi-family and commercial real estate loans typically involve large balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Because payments on loans secured by multi-family and commercial real estate are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. If the cash flow from the project is reduced, or if leases are not obtained or renewed, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. See “Asset Quality — Non-performing Assets.”
Construction and Development Lending. We originate construction loans primarily secured by existing residential building lots. We make construction loans to builders and to individuals for the construction of their residences. Substantially all of these loans are secured by properties located within our market area. At December 31, 2008, we had $12.2 million in construction and development loans outstanding, representing 1.1% of our gross loan portfolio.
Construction and development loans are obtained through continued business with builders who have previously borrowed from us, from walk-in customers and through referrals from realtors and architects. The application process includes submission of complete plans, specifications and costs of the project to be constructed. This information and an independent appraisal is used to determine the value of the subject property. Loans are based on the lesser of the current appraised value and/or the cost of construction, including the land and the building. We generally conduct regular inspections of the construction project being financed. Residential construction loans are done with one closing for both the construction period and the long term financing.
Construction loans for one- to four-family homes are generally granted with a construction period of up to nine months. During the construction phase, the borrower generally pays interest only on a monthly basis. Loan-to-value ratios on our construction and development loans typically do not exceed 90% of the appraised value of the project on an as completed basis. Single family construction loans with loan-to-value ratios over 80% usually require private mortgage insurance.
Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating construction and development costs and the market for the project upon completion, it is difficult to evaluate accurately the total loan funds required to complete a project, the related loan-to-value ratios and the likelihood of ultimate success of the project. These loans also involve many of the same risks discussed above regarding multi-family and commercial real estate loans and tend to be more sensitive to general economic conditions than many other types of loans. In addition, payment of interest from loan proceeds can make it difficult to monitor the progress of a project.
Consumer and Other Lending. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms to maturity, which reduces our exposure to changes in interest rates, and carry higher rates of interest than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. In addition, management believes that offering consumer loan products helps to expand and create stronger ties to our customer base by increasing the number of customer relationships and providing cross-marketing opportunities. At December 31, 2008, our consumer loan portfolio totaled $268.4 million, or 23.7% of our gross loan portfolio. We offer a variety of secured consumer loans, including home equity and lines of credit, home improvement, auto, boat and recreational vehicle loans, and loans secured by savings deposits. We also offer a limited amount of credit card and unsecured loans. We originate our consumer loans both in our market area and throughout Indiana with some customers residing in contiguous states through our indirect lending program.
At December 31, 2008, our home equity loans, including lines of credit and home improvement loans, totaled $111.8 million, or 9.9% of our gross loan portfolio. These loans may be originated in amounts, together with the amount of the existing first mortgage, of up to 100% of the value of the property securing the loan. The term to maturity on our home equity and home improvement loans may be up to 15 years. Most home equity lines of credit have a maximum term to maturity of 20 years and require a minimum monthly payment based on the outstanding loan balance per month, which amount may be reborrowed at any time. A limited number of home equity lines of credit are approved with monthly payments of accrued interest only. Other consumer loan terms vary according to the type of collateral, length of contract and creditworthiness of the borrower.
We directly and indirectly originate auto, boat and recreational vehicle loans. We generally buy indirect auto loans on a rate basis, paying the dealer a cash payment for loans with an interest rate in excess of the rate we require. This premium is amortized over the remaining life of the loan. As specified in written agreements with these dealers, prepayments or delinquencies are charged to future amounts owed to that dealer, with no dealer reserve or other guarantee of payment if the dealer stops doing business with us.
We employ the Fair Isaac’s credit scoring models for all consumer loan applications. These models evaluate credit and application attributes. We originate consumer loans through bank financial centers and indirect channels. These loans are underwritten traditionally, with a review of the borrower’s employment and credit history and an assessment of the borrower’s ability to repay the loan.
At December 31, 2008, auto loans totaled $22.7 million, or 2.0% of our gross loan portfolio. Auto loans may be written for up to six years and usually have a fixed rate of interest. Loan-to-value ratios are up to 100% of the MSRP or 120% of invoice for new autos and 110% of value on used cars, based on valuation from official used car guides.
Loans for boats and recreational vehicles totaled $126.8 million at December 31, 2008, or 11.2% of our gross loan portfolio. We will finance up to 100% of the purchase price for a recreational vehicle and 100% for a boat. Values are based on the applicable official used vehicle guides. The term to maturity for these types of loans is up to 15 years for new and used boats and recreational vehicles. These loans are generally written with a fixed rate of interest.
Consumer loans may entail greater risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, especially consumer loans secured by rapidly depreciable assets, such as automobiles, boats and recreational vehicles. In these cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance. As a result, consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and, thus, are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.
Commercial Business Lending. At December 31, 2008, commercial business loans totaled $75.3 million, or 6.7% of our gross loan portfolio. Most of our commercial business loans have been extended to finance businesses in our footprint. Credit accommodations extended include lines of credit for working capital needs, term loans to purchase capital goods and real estate, development lending to foster residential, business and community growth and agricultural lending for inventory and equipment financing.
The terms of loans extended on the security of machinery and equipment are based on the projected useful life of the machinery and equipment, generally not to exceed seven years. Lines of credit generally are available to borrowers for up to 13 months, and may be renewed by us after an annual review of current financial information.
We issue a few financial-based standby letters of credit which are offered at competitive rates and terms and are generally on a secured basis. We continue to expand our volume of commercial business loans.
Our commercial business lending policy includes credit file documentation and analysis of the borrower’s background, capacity to repay the loan, the adequacy of the borrower’s capital and collateral as well as an evaluation of other conditions affecting the borrower. Analysis of the borrower’s past, present and future cash flows also is an important aspect of our credit analysis. We may obtain personal guarantees on our commercial business loans. Nonetheless, these loans are believed to carry higher credit risk than traditional single family loans.
Unlike residential mortgage loans, commercial business loans are typically made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial business loans may substantially depend on the success of the business itself (which, in turn, often depends in part upon general economic conditions). Our commercial business loans are usually secured by business assets. However, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business.
Loan Originations, Purchases, Sales and Repayments
We originate loans through referrals from real estate brokers and builders, our marketing efforts, and our existing and walk-in customers. We also originate many of our consumer loans through relationships with dealerships. While we originate both adjustable-rate and fixed-rate loans, our ability to originate loans depends upon customer demand for loans in our market areas. Demand is affected by local competition and the interest rate environment. During the last several years, due to low market rates of interest, our dollar volume of fixed-rate, one- to four-family loans has exceeded the dollar volume of the same type of adjustable-rate loans. As part of our interest rate risk management efforts, we have from time to time sold our fixed rate, one- to four-family residential loans. We have also purchased adjustable one- to four-family residential and commercial real estate loans.
In periods of economic uncertainty, the ability of financial institutions, including us, to originate or purchase large dollar volumes of loans may be substantially reduced or restricted, with a resultant decrease in interest income.
The following table shows our loan origination, purchase, sale and repayment activities for the years indicated.
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Originations by type: | | | | | | | | | |
Adjustable rate: | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate - one- to four-family | | $ | 33,083 | | | $ | 28,275 | | | $ | 40,838 | |
- multi-family | | | 1,323 | | | | — | | | | 96 | |
- commercial | | | 7,132 | | | | 11,557 | | | | 7,398 | |
- construction or development | | | 5,617 | | | | 4,894 | | | | 9,396 | |
Non-real estate - consumer | | | 43 | | | | 56 | | | | 148 | |
- commercial business | | | 2,061 | | | | 2,026 | | | | 4,507 | |
Total adjustable-rate | | | 49,259 | | | | 46,808 | | | | 62,383 | |
Fixed rate: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate - one- to four-family | | | 78,040 | | | | 58,338 | | | | 59,794 | |
- multi-family | | | 2,052 | | | | — | | | | — | |
- commercial | | | 12,737 | | | | 2,171 | | | | 351 | |
- construction or development | | | 9,171 | | | | 11,687 | | | | 9,623 | |
Non-real estate - consumer | | | 42,465 | | | | 44,423 | | | | 56,086 | |
- commercial business | | | 5,409 | | | | 3,153 | | | | 8,017 | |
Total fixed-rate | | | 149,874 | | | | 119,772 | | | | 133,871 | |
Total loans originated | | | 199,133 | | | | 166,580 | | | | 196,254 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchases:(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate - one- to four-family | | | 213,441 | | | | 16,058 | | | | 5,447 | |
- commercial | | | 93,479 | | | | — | | | | — | |
- construction or development | | | 1,770 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Non-real estate - consumer | | | 9,677 | | | | — | | | | 1,242 | |
- commercial business | | | 75,496 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total loans purchased | | | 393,863 | (2) | | | 16,058 | | | | 6,689 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales and Repayments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate - one- to four-family | | | 92,914 | | | | 24,113 | | | | 50,853 | |
Total loans sold | | | 92,914 | | | | 24,113 | | | | 50,853 | |
Principal repayments | | | 179,187 | | | | 162,159 | | | | 174,743 | |
Total reductions | | | 272,101 | | | | 186,272 | | | | 225,596 | |
Increase (decrease) in other items, net | | | (3,124 | ) | | | (476 | ) | | | 2,720 | |
Net increase (decreases) | | $ | 317,771 | | | $ | (4,110 | ) | | $ | (19,933 | ) |
____________________
(1) Does not include market value adjustment for loans related to acquisitions of branches from other financial institutions.
(2) Includes $385.3 million of loans acquired as part of the Company’s acquisition of MFB.
Asset Quality
When a borrower fails to make a payment on a mortgage loan on or before the default date, a late charge and delinquency notice is mailed. All delinquent accounts are reviewed by a collector, who attempts to cure the delinquency by contacting the borrower once the loan is 30 days past due. If the loan becomes 30 days delinquent, the collector will generally contact the borrower by phone or send a letter to the borrower in order to identify the reason for the delinquency. Once the loan becomes 60 days delinquent, the borrower is asked to pay the delinquent amount in full, or establish an acceptable repayment plan to bring the loan current. Prior to foreclosure a drive-by inspection is made to determine the condition of the property. If the account becomes 120 days delinquent, and an acceptable repayment plan has not been agreed upon, a collection officer will generally refer the account to legal counsel, with instructions to prepare a notice of intent to foreclose. The notice of intent to foreclose allows the borrower up to 30 days to bring the account current. During this 30 day period, the collector may accept a repayment plan from the borrower which would bring the account current prior to foreclosure. If the loan becomes 120 days delinquent and an acceptable repayment plan has not been agreed upon, the collection officer will turn over the account to our legal counsel with instructions to initiate foreclosure. The Bank has suspended foreclosure activities when directed by government sponsored entities or the Bank’s regulator.
For consumer loans, a similar process is followed, with the initial written contact being made once the loan is 20 days past due.
Delinquent Loans. The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2008, our loans delinquent for 60 to 89 days by type, number, amount and percentage of type.
| | Loans Delinquent For: | |
| | 60-89 Days | |
| | Number | | | Amount | | | Percent of Loan Category | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Real Estate: | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | | 63 | | | $ | 4,848 | | | | .93 | % |
Multi-family | | | 1 | | | | 95 | | | | 3.50 | |
Commercial | | | 10 | | | | 2,096 | | | | .84 | |
Construction and development | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Consumer | | | 133 | | | | 1,764 | | | | .66 | |
Commercial business | | | 3 | | | | 328 | | | | .44 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 210 | | | $ | 9,131 | | | | .81 | % |
Non-performing Assets. The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of non-performing assets in our loan portfolio at the dates indicated. Generally, loans are placed on non-accrual status when the loan becomes more than 90 days delinquent or when collection of interest becomes doubtful. Foreclosed assets owned include assets acquired in settlement of loans.
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Non-accruing loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | $ | 7,917 | | | $ | 2,997 | | | $ | 2,762 | | | $ | 2,967 | | | $ | 1,326 | |
Multi-family | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Commercial real estate | | | 7,723 | | | | 2,656 | | | | 356 | | | | 569 | | | | 370 | |
Construction and development | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Consumer | | | 1,851 | | | | 1,294 | | | | 983 | | | | 628 | | | | 498 | |
Commercial business | | | 2,507 | | | | 2,002 | | | | 1,468 | | | | 1,257 | | | | 1,791 | |
Total | | | 19,998 | | | | 8,949 | | | | 5,569 | | | | 5,421 | | | | 3,985 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | | 1,284 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 67 | | | | — | |
Multi-family | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Commercial real estate | | | 189 | | | | 1,421 | | | | — | | | | 1,858 | | | | — | |
Construction and development | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Consumer | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 35 | | | | 119 | |
Commercial business | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total | | | 1,473 | | | | 1,421 | | | | — | | | | 1,960 | | | | 119 | |
Total nonperforming loans | | | 21,471 | | | | 10,370 | | | | 5,569 | | | | 7,381 | | | | 4,104 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Restructured loans | | | 293 | | | | 107 | | | | 111 | | | | 116 | | | | 120 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreclosed assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | | 1,786 | | | | 927 | | | | 947 | | | | 912 | | | | 285 | |
Multi-family | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Commercial real estate | | | 1,193 | | | | 437 | | | | 326 | | | | 595 | | | | 55 | |
Construction and development | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Consumer | | | 1,861 | | | | 1,137 | | | | 1,322 | | | | 978 | | | | 894 | |
Commercial business | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total | | | 4,840 | | | | 2,501 | | | | 2,595 | | | | 2,485 | | | | 1,234 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-performing assets | | $ | 26,604 | | | $ | 12,978 | | | $ | 8,275 | | | $ | 9,982 | | | $ | 5,458 | |
Total as a percentage of total assets | | | 1.92 | % | | | 1.35 | % | | | 0.86 | % | | | 1.03 | % | | | 0.65 | % |
For the year ended December 31, 2008, gross interest income that would have been recorded had the non-accruing loans been current in accordance with their original terms amounted to $1.4 million. The amount included in interest income on these loans for the year ended December 31, 2008, was $828,000.
At December 31, 2008, foreclosed commercial real estate consisted of two commercial buildings, one in Delaware County and one in Wabash County, which are currently being offered for sale. In addition, forty-one residential properties with a book value of $1.8 million remain as foreclosed assets at December 31, 2008. These properties are being offered for sale. Non-accruing one- to four-family loans increased to $7.9 million at December 31, 2008. Non-accruing commercial real estate loans increased from $2.7 million at December 31, 2007, to $7.7 million at December 31, 2008. At the same time, non-accrual commercial business loans increased from $2.0 million to $2.5 million. These increases are primarily a result of current economic slowdown. Management continues to monitor aggressively and it is management’s opinion that the non-accruing loans are sufficiently reserved as of December 31, 2008.
Other Loans of Concern. In addition to the non-performing assets set forth in the table above, as of December 31, 2008, there was an aggregate of $14.9 million in loans with respect to which known information about the possible credit problems of the borrowers have caused management to have doubts as to the abilities of the borrowers to comply with present loan repayment terms and which may result in the future inclusion of such items in the non-performing asset categories. These loans have been considered in management’s determination of the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses. Management reviews each of these relationships at least quarterly to determine if further downgrades are prudent.
Included in the $14.9 million above are 30 commercial business loans totaling $3.9 million, 24 commercial real estate loans totaling $8.2 million and 41 residential mortgage loans totaling $2.8 million. Loans of $934,000 had specific loan loss reserves established and the majority of these loans were current as of December 31, 2008
Classified Assets. Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets, such as debt and equity securities considered by the OTS to be of lesser quality, as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted.
When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances for loan losses in an amount deemed prudent by management and approved by the board of directors. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge off such amount. An institution’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the OTS and the FDIC, which may order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.
In connection with the filing of MutualBank’s periodic reports with the OTS and in accordance with our classification of assets policy, we regularly review the problem assets in our portfolio to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. On the basis of management’s review, at December 31, 2008, we had classified $30.6 million of MutualBank’s loans as substandard, $2.1 million as doubtful and $1.5 million as loss. Loans classified as loss are fully reserved but not charged off, because there are certain indications that collection is still possible. The total amount classified represented 26.20% of our stockholders’ equity and 2.46% of our assets at December 31, 2008, compared to 16.56% and 1.50%, respectively, at December 31, 2007.
Provision for Loan Losses. We recorded a provision for loan losses during the year ended December 31, 2008 of $7.0 million, compared to $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 and $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The provision for loan losses is charged to income to bring our allowance for loan losses to a level deemed appropriate by management based on the factors discussed below under “— Allowance for Loan Losses.”
Allowance for Loan Losses. We maintain an allowance for loan losses to absorb losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The allowance is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments of the estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Our methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance consists of several key elements, including the general allowance and specific allowances for identified problem loans and portfolio segments. In addition, the allowance incorporates the results of measuring impaired loans as provided in SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan” and SFAS No. 118, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan – Income Recognition and Disclosures.” These accounting standards prescribe the measurement methods, income recognition and disclosures related to impaired loans.
The general allowance is calculated by applying loss factors to outstanding loans based on the internal risk evaluation of such loans or pools of loans. Changes in risk evaluations of both performing and nonperforming loans affect the amount of the general allowance. Loss factors are based on our historical loss experience as well as on significant factors that, in management’s judgment, affect the collectibility of the portfolio as of the evaluation date.
The appropriateness of the allowance is reviewed by management based upon its evaluation of then-existing economic and business conditions affecting our key lending areas and other conditions, such as credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming loans expected to result from existing conditions), collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, specific industry conditions within portfolio segments and recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio that existed as of the balance sheet date and the impact that such conditions were believed to have had on the collectibility of the loan. Senior management reviews these conditions quarterly in discussions with our senior credit officers. To the extent that any of these conditions is evidenced by a specifically identifiable problem credit or portfolio segment as of the evaluation date, management’s estimate of the effect of such condition may be reflected as a specific allowance applicable to such credit or portfolio segment. Where any of these conditions is not evidenced by a specifically identifiable problem credit or portfolio segment as of the evaluation date, management’s evaluation of the loss related to this condition is reflected in the unallocated allowance. The evaluation of the inherent loss with respect to these conditions is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty because they are not identified with specific problem credits or portfolio segments.
The allowance for loan losses is based on estimates of losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Actual losses can vary significantly from the estimated amounts. Our methodology as described permits adjustments to any loss factor used in the computation of the general allowance in the event that, in management’s judgment, significant factors which affect the collectibility of the portfolio as of the evaluation date are not reflected in the loss factors. By assessing the probable incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis, we are able to adjust specific and inherent loss estimates based upon any more recent information that has become available. Due to the loss of numerous manufacturing jobs in the communities we serve during recent years, including 2008, and the increase in higher risk loans, like consumer and commercial loans, as a percentage of total loans, management has concluded that our allowance for loan losses should be greater than historical loss experience and specifically identified losses would otherwise indicate.
At December 31, 2008, our allowance for loan losses was $15.1 million, or 1.34% of the total loan portfolio, and approximately 69.4% of total non-performing loans. Assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective as it requires making material estimates, including the amount and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans, that are susceptible to significant change. In the opinion of management, the allowance, when taken as a whole, is adequate to absorb reasonable estimated loan losses inherent in our loan portfolio.
The following table sets forth an analysis of our allowance for loan losses.
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 8,352 | | | $ | 8,156 | | | $ | 8,100 | | | $ | 6,867 | | | $ | 6,779 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Charge-offs: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | | 480 | | | | 645 | | | | 526 | | | | 303 | | | | 249 | |
Multi-family | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Commercial real estate | | | 1,548 | | | | 44 | | | | 102 | | | | 6 | | | | 34 | |
Construction and development | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Consumer | | | 2,174 | | | | 1,731 | | | | 1,288 | | | | 1,276 | | | | 1,093 | |
Commercial business | | | 230 | | | | 303 | | | | 387 | | | | 954 | | | | 616 | |
| | | 4,432 | | | | 2,723 | | | | 2,303 | | | | 2,539 | | | | 1,992 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Recoveries: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | | 42 | | | | 121 | | | | 81 | | | | 22 | | | | 21 | |
Multi-family | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Commercial real estate | | | 558 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 120 | | | | 326 | |
Construction and development | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Consumer | | | 556 | | | | 357 | | | | 199 | | | | 194 | | �� | | 176 | |
Commercial business | | | 57 | | | | 201 | | | | 11 | | | | 15 | | | | — | |
| | | 1,213 | | | | 679 | | | | 291 | | | | 351 | | | | 523 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | | 3,219 | | | | 2,044 | | | | 2,012 | | | | 2,188 | | | | 1,469 | |
Amount acquired in acquisitions | | | 2,954 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,646 | | | | — | |
Provisions charged to operations | | | 7,020 | | | | 2,240 | | | | 2,068 | | | | 1,775 | | | | 1,557 | |
Balance at end of period | | $ | 15,107 | | | $ | 8,352 | | | $ | 8,156 | | | $ | 8,100 | | | $ | 6,867 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratio of net charge-offs during the period to average loans outstanding during the period | | | 0.34 | % | | | 0.25 | % | | | 0.24 | % | | | 0.29 | % | | | 0.21 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance as a percentage of non-performing loans | | | 69.41 | % | | | 79.72 | % | | | 143.59 | % | | | 109.74 | % | | | 167.32 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance as a percentage of total loans (end of period) | | | 1.34 | % | | | 1.03 | % | | | 1.00 | % | | | 0.98 | % | | | 0.95 | % |
The distribution of our allowance for loan losses at the dates indicated is summarized as follows:
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | Amount of Loan Loss Allowance | | | Loan Amounts by Category | | | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | | | Amount of Loan Loss Allowance | | | Loan Amounts by Category | | | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | | | Amount of Loan Loss Allowance | | | Loan Amounts by Category | | | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | | | Amount of Loan Loss Allowance | | | Loan Amounts by Category | | | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | | | Amount of Loan Loss Allowance | | | Loan Amounts by Category | | | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One- to four-family | | $ | 1,997 | | | $ | 521,364 | 1) | | | 46.11 | % | | $ | 1,200 | | | | 431,018 | (2) | | | 53.02 | % | | $ | 1,219 | | | | 433,123 | (3) | | | 53.01 | % | | $ | 1,267 | | | $ | 451,914 | (4) | | | 54.00 | % | | $ | 1,013 | | | | 385,678 | (5) | | | 52.96 | % |
Multi-family | | | 73 | | | | 2,698 | | | | .24 | | | | 20 | | | | 3,929 | | | | 0.48 | | | | 61 | | | | 5,073 | | | | 0.62 | | | | 68 | | | | 5,505 | | | | .66 | | | | 62 | | | | 4,657 | | | | .64 | |
Commercial real estate | | | 6,869 | | | | 250,693 | | | | 22.17 | | | | 2,158 | | | | 82,116 | | | | 10.10 | | | | 2,000 | | | | 73,912 | | | | 9.05 | | | | 2,039 | | | | 77,270 | | | | 9.23 | | | | 1,479 | | | | 68,067 | | | | 9.35 | |
Construction or development | | | 12 | | | | 12,232 | | | | 1.08 | | | | 14 | | | | 13,560 | | | | 1.67 | | | | 72 | | | | 14,451 | | | | 1.77 | | | | 115 | | | | 22,938 | | | | 2.74 | | | | 104 | | | | 20,745 | | | | 2.85 | |
Consumer | | | 3,990 | | | | 268,392 | | | | 23.74 | | | | 3,885 | | | | 225,511 | | | | 27.74 | | | | 3,801 | | | | 222,973 | | | | 27.29 | | | | 3,605 | | | | 214,961 | | | | 25.68 | | | | 3,155 | | | | 195,457 | | | | 26.84 | |
Commercial business | | | 2,166 | | | | 75,290 | | | | 6.66 | | | | 1,075 | | | | 56,764 | | | | 6.99 | | | | 1,003 | | | | 67,476 | | | | 8.26 | | | | 1,006 | | | | 64,353 | | | | 7.69 | | | | 1,054 | | | | 53,620 | | | | 7.36 | |
Unallocated | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total | | $ | 15,107 | | | $ | 1,130,669 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 8,352 | | | $ | 812,898 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 8,156 | | | $ | 817,008 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 8,100 | | | $ | 836,941 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 6,867 | | | $ | 728,224 | | | | 100.00 | % |
____________________
(1) Includes loans held for sale of $1.5 million.
(2) Includes loans held for sale of $1.6 million.
(3) Includes loans held for sale of $1.3 million.
(4) Includes loans held for sale of $2.0 million.
(5) Includes loans held for sale of $2.9 million.
Investment Activities
MutualBank may invest in various types of liquid assets, including United States Treasury obligations, securities of various federal agencies, including callable agency securities, certain certificates of deposit of insured banks and savings institutions, certain bankers’ acceptances, repurchase agreements and federal funds. Subject to various restrictions, it also may invest in investment grade commercial paper and corporate debt securities and mutual funds the assets of which conform to the investments that a federally chartered savings institution is otherwise authorized to make directly. See “How We Are Regulated - MutualBank” for a discussion of additional restrictions on our investment activities.
The Chief Financial Officer has the basic responsibility for the management of our investment portfolio, subject to the direction and guidance of the Asset and Liability Management Committee. The Chief Financial Officer considers various factors when making decisions, including the marketability, maturity and tax consequences of the proposed investment. The maturity structure of investments will be affected by various market conditions, including the current and anticipated slope of the yield curve, the level of interest rates, the trend of new deposit inflows, and the anticipated demand for funds via deposit withdrawals and loan originations and purchases.
The general objectives of our investment portfolio are to provide liquidity when loan demand is high, to assist in maintaining earnings when loan demand is low and to maximize earnings while satisfactorily managing risk, including credit risk, reinvestment risk, liquidity risk and interest rate risk. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Asset and Liability Management and Market Risk” in Item 7 of this Form 10-K.
Our investment securities currently consist of U.S. Agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, municipal securities, marketable equity securities (which consist of shares in mutual funds that invest in government obligations, corporate obligations, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities) and corporate obligations. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Our mortgage-backed securities portfolio currently consists of securities issued under government-sponsored agency programs.
While mortgage-backed securities carry a reduced credit risk as compared to whole loans, these securities remain subject to the risk that a fluctuating interest rate environment, along with other factors like the geographic distribution of the underlying mortgage loans, may alter the prepayment rate of the mortgage loans and affect both the prepayment speed and value of the securities.
In the past, we also have maintained a trading portfolio of U.S. Government securities. We are permitted by the board of directors to have a portfolio of up to $5.0 million and to trade up to $2.0 million in these securities at any one time. At December 31, 2008, however, we did not have a trading portfolio. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Effective June 30, 2007, MutualBank transferred the management of a portion of its securities portfolio to its wholly owned subsidiary, Mutual Federal Investment Company. Mutual Federal Investment Company, a Nevada corporation, holds, services, manages and invests that portion of the Bank’s investment portfolio as may be transferred from time to time by the Bank to Mutual Federal Investment Company. Mutual Federal Investment Company’s investment policy, for the most part, mirrors that of the Bank. At December 31, 2008, MutualBank had $86.9 million in consolidated investment securities. The portfolio is comprised of $77.2 million in investments held for sale and $9.7 in investments held to maturity. Mutual Federal Investment Company managed $75.7 million of the total held for sale portfolio.
MutualBank evaluates all securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on a quarterly basis. During the year ending December 31, 2008, the Bank determined that three securities met the definition of OTTI. The first security was a Lehman’s corporate bond that was written down $200,000. The other two securities were trust preferred securities that had a total write-down of $1.2 million. Impairment on these securities was determined after analyzing the underlying collateral and determining the amount of additional losses needed to create a shortfall in interest or principal payments. All trust preferred securities were priced using a discounted cash flow analysis as of December 31, 2008.
MutualBank has investments in eight separate Indiana limited partnerships that were organized to construct, own and operate two multi-unit apartment complexes in the Indianapolis area, one in Findley, Ohio, two in Goshen, Indiana, one in Elkhart, Indiana, and two in Niles, Michigan (the Pedcor Projects). The general partner in each of these Pedcor Projects is Pedcor Investments. All of the Pedcor Projects are operated as multi-family, low and moderate-income housing projects, and have been performing as planned for several years. At the inception of the Findley, Ohio Pedcor Project in February 1998, we invested $2.1 million and committed to invest an additional $1.9 million. As of December 31, 2008, $647,000 of this commitment remained payable over the next two years.
A low and moderate-income housing project qualifies for certain federal income tax credits if (1) it is a residential rental property, (2) the units are used on a non-transient basis, and (3) at least 20% of the units in the project are occupied by tenants whose incomes are 50% or less of the area median gross income, adjusted for family size, or alternatively, at least 40% of the units in the project are occupied by tenants whose incomes are 60% or less of the area median gross income. Qualified low-income housing projects generally must comply with these and other rules for 15 years, beginning with the first year the project qualified for the tax credit, or some or all of the tax credit together with interest may be recaptured. The tax credit is subject to the limitation as the use of general business credit, but no basis reduction is required for any portion of the tax credit claimed. As of December 31, 2008, at least 85% of the units in the Pedcor Projects were occupied, and all of the tenants met the income test required for the tax credits.
We received tax credits totaling $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, $811,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007, and $801,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006 from the Pedcor Projects. The Pedcor Projects have incurred operating losses in the early years of their operations primarily due to accelerated depreciation of assets. We have accounted for our investment in the Pedcor Projects on the equity method. Accordingly, we have recorded our share of these losses as reductions to MutualBank’s investment in the Pedcor Projects.
The following summarizes MutualBank’s equity in the Pedcor Projects’ losses and tax credits recognized in our consolidated financial statements.
| | For the Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Investments in Pedcor low income housing projects | | $ | 4,561 | | | $ | 3,246 | | | $ | 3,461 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity in losses, net of income tax effect | | $ | (104 | ) | | $ | (66 | ) | | $ | (109 | ) |
Tax credit | | | 1,214 | | | | 811 | | | | 801 | |
Increase in after-tax income from Pedcor Investments | | $ | 1,110 | | | $ | 745 | | | $ | 692 | |
See Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding our limited partnership investments.
The following table sets forth the composition of our investment and mortgage-related securities portfolio and other investments at the dates indicated. As of December 31, 2008, our investment securities portfolio did not contain securities of any issuer with an aggregate book value in excess of 10% of our equity capital, excluding those issued by the United States Government or its agencies.
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | Amortized Cost | | | Fair Value | | | Amortized Cost | | | Fair Value | | | Amortized Cost | | | Fair Value | |
| | (In thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment securities available-for-sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mutual funds | | $ | 1,635 | | | $ | 1,497 | | | $ | 16,382 | | | $ | 15,914 | | | $ | 16,206 | | | $ | 15,817 | |
Government sponsored entities | | | 570 | | | | 572 | | | | 608 | | | | 605 | | | | 1,117 | | | | 1,099 | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 14,771 | | | | 15,163 | | | | 2,310 | | | | 2,352 | | | | 3,146 | | | | 3,156 | |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | | | 43,821 | | | | 43,639 | | | | 8,327 | | | | 8,322 | | | | 6,860 | | | | 6,762 | |
Corporate obligations | | | 18,797 | | | | 15,527 | | | | 16,655 | | | | 16,399 | | | | 14,332 | | | | 14,236 | |
Municipal obligations | | | 857 | | | | 857 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total investment securities held for sale | | | 80,451 | | | | 77,255 | | | | 44,282 | | | | 43,592 | | | | 41,661 | | | | 41,070 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment securities held to maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 5,498 | | | | 4,983 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | | | 4,178 | | | | 3,545 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total investment securities held to maturity | | | 9,676 | | | | 8,528 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment in limited partnerships | | | 4,561 | | | | N/A | | | | 3,246 | | | | N/A | | | | 3,461 | | | | N/A | |
Investment in insurance company | | | 590 | | | | N/A | | | | 590 | | | | N/A | | | | 590 | | | | N/A | |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | | | 18,632 | | | | N/A | | | | 10,037 | | | | N/A | | | | 9,938 | | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 113,910 | | | $ | 85,783 | | | $ | 58,155 | | | $ | 43,592 | | | $ | 55,650 | | | $ | 41,070 | |
The following table indicates, as of December 31, 2008, the composition and maturities of our investment securities, excluding Federal Home Loan Bank stock.
| | Due in | |
| | Less Than 1 Year | | | 1 to 5 Years | | 5 to 10 Years | | | Over 10 Years | | | Total Investment Securities | |
| | Amortized Cost | | | Amortized Cost | | Amortized Cost | | | Amortized Cost | | | Amortized Cost | | | Fair Value | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate obligations | | $ | 1,800 | | | $ | 8,009 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 8,988 | | | $ | 18,797 | | | $ | 15,527 | |
Government sponsored entities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 560 | | | | 867 | | | | 1,427 | | | | 1,429 | |
Mutual funds | | | 1,635 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,635 | | | | 1,497 | |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Freddie Mac | | | — | | | | 22 | | | | 39 | | | | 28,055 | | | | 28,116 | | | | 28,708 | |
Fannie Mae | | | — | | | | 1,126 | | | | 1,197 | | | | 15,642 | | | | 17,965 | | | | 21,076 | |
Ginnie Mae | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 164 | | | | 164 | | | | 167 | |
Other | | | — | | | | 279 | | | | 2,618 | | | | 9,450 | | | | 12,347 | | | | 8,851 | |
| | $ | 3,435 | | | $ | 9,436 | | | $ | 4,414 | | | $ | 63,166 | | | $ | 80,451 | | | $ | 77,255 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average yield | | | 3.23 | % | | | 5.24 | % | | | 5.58 | % | | | 5.66 | % | | | 5.55 | % | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Held-to-maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Freddie Mac | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 856 | | | $ | 856 | | | $ | 847 | |
Fannie Mae | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,597 | | | | 2,597 | | | | 2,554 | |
Other | | | — | | | | 206 | | | | — | | | | 6,017 | | | | 6,223 | | | | 5,127 | |
| | $ | — | | | $ | 206 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,470 | | | $ | 9,676 | | | $ | 8,528 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average yield | | | | | | | 5.31 | % | | | | | | | 4.68 | % | | | 4.71 | % | | | | |
Sources of Funds
General. Our sources of funds are deposits, borrowings, payment of principal and interest on loans, interest earned on or maturation of other investment securities and funds provided from operations.
Deposits. We offer deposit accounts to consumers and businesses having a wide range of interest rates and terms. Our deposits consist of savings deposit accounts, NOW and demand accounts and certificates of deposit. We solicit deposits in our market areas. We primarily rely on competitive pricing policies, marketing and customer service to attract and retain these deposits. Beginning in 2005, we began accepting brokered deposits. We receive these deposits from one broker without paying a fee to that broker. At December 31, 2008, our brokered deposits totaled $6.0 million with an average interest rate of 3.76% and a seven-month weighted average maturity.
The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in money market and prevailing interest rates, and competition. The variety of our deposit accounts has allowed us to be competitive in obtaining funds and to respond to changes in consumer demand. We have become more susceptible to short-term fluctuations in deposit flows, as customers have become more interest rate conscious. We try to manage the pricing of our deposits in keeping with our asset/liability management, liquidity and profitability objectives, subject to competitive factors. Based on our experience, we believe that our deposits are relatively stable sources of funds. Our ability to attract and maintain these deposits, however, and the rates paid on them, has been and will continue to be affected significantly by market conditions.
The Federal Reserve Board requires all depository institutions to maintain non-interest bearing reserves at specified levels against their transaction accounts, primarily checking, NOW and Super NOW checking accounts. At December 31, 2008, we were in compliance with these reserve requirements.
The following table sets forth the dollar amount of savings deposits in the various types of deposit programs we offered at the dates indicated.
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | Amount | | | Percent of Total | | | Amount | | | Percent of Total | | | Amount | | | Percent of Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Transactions and Savings Deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Noninterest bearing accounts | | $ | 93,393 | | | | 9.70 | % | | $ | 47,172 | | | | 7.08 | % | | $ | 47,142 | | | | 6.70 | % |
Passbook accounts | | | 79,111 | | | | 8.22 | | | | 50,388 | | | | 7.56 | | | | 55,750 | | | | 7.93 | |
Interest-bearing NOW and demand accounts | | | 156,787 | | | | 16.29 | | | | 117,863 | | | | 17.69 | | | | 107,963 | | | | 15.35 | |
Money market accounts | | | 47,584 | | | | 4.94 | | | | 22,664 | | | | 3.40 | | | | 27,788 | | | | 3.95 | |
Total non-certificates | | | 376,875 | | | | 39.16 | | | | 238,087 | | | | 35.73 | | | | 238,643 | | | | 33.93 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Certificates: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0.00 - 1.99% | | | 55,064 | | | | 5.72 | | | | 8,627 | | | | 1.29 | | | | 15,772 | | | | 2.24 | |
2.00 - 3.99% | | | 359,899 | | | | 37.39 | | | | 47,500 | | | | 7.13 | | | | 82,621 | | | | 11.75 | |
4.00 - 5.99% | | | 170,611 | | | | 17.73 | | | | 372,145 | | | | 55.84 | | | | 366,284 | | | | 52.07 | |
6.00 - 7.99% | | | 65 | | | | 0.01 | | | | 48 | | | | 0.01 | | | | 39 | | | | 0.01 | |
8.00 - 9.99% | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
10.00% and over | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total certificates | | | 585,639 | | | | 60.84 | | | | 428,320 | | | | 64.27 | | | | 464,716 | | | | 66.07 | |
Total deposits | | $ | 962,514 | (1) | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 666,407 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 703,359 | | | | 100.00 | % |
(1) Includes $332.1 million due to MFB acquisition
The following table shows rate and maturity information for our certificates of deposit as of December 31, 2008.
| | | 1.00- 1.99% | | | | 2.00- 3.99% | | | | 4.00- 5.99% | | | | 6.00- 7.99% | | | Total | | | Percent of Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Certificate accounts maturing in quarter ending: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2009 | | $ | 30,049 | | | $ | 70,961 | | | $ | 44,084 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 145,094 | | | | 24.78 | % |
June 30, 2009 | | | 8,900 | | | | 58,986 | | | | 14,569 | | | | — | | | | 82,455 | | | | 14.07 | % |
September 30, 2009 | | | 7,618 | | | | 60,772 | | | | 7,454 | | | | — | | | | 75,844 | | | | 12.95 | % |
December 31, 2009 | | | 8,497 | | | | 40,677 | | | | 4,363 | | | | 8 | | | | 53,545 | | | | 9.15 | % |
March 31, 2010 | | | — | | | | 36,167 | | | | 11,972 | | | | — | | | | 48,139 | | | | 8.22 | % |
June 30, 2010 | | | — | | | | 16,061 | | | | 10,659 | | | | — | | | | 26,720 | | | | 4.56 | % |
September 30, 2010 | | | — | | | | 2,422 | | | | 5,224 | | | | — | | | | 7,646 | | | | 1.31 | % |
December 31, 2010 | | | — | | | | 3,729 | | | | 2,015 | | | | — | | | | 5,744 | | | | 0.98 | % |
March 31, 2011 | | | — | | | | 6,329 | | | | 1,299 | | | | — | | | | 7,628 | | | | 1.30 | % |
June 30, 2011 | | | — | | | | 16,117 | | | | 2,263 | | | | — | | | | 18,380 | | | | 3.14 | % |
September 30, 2011 | | | — | | | | 18,255 | | | | 2,766 | | | | — | | | | 21,021 | | | | 3.59 | % |
December 31, 2011 | | | — | | | | 21,628 | | | | 5,672 | | | | 58 | | | | 27,358 | | | | 4.67 | % |
Thereafter | | | — | | | | 7,795 | | | | 58,270 | | | | — | | | | 66,065 | | | | 11.28 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 55,064 | | | $ | 359,899 | | | $ | 170,610 | | | $ | 66 | | | $ | 585,639 | | | | 100.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Percent of total | | | 9.40 | % | | | 61.46 | % | | | 29.13 | % | | | 0.01 | % | | | 100.00 | % | | | | |
The following table indicates, as of December 31, 2008, the amount of our certificates of deposit and other deposits by time remaining until maturity.
| | Maturity | | | | |
| | 3 Months or Less | | | Over 3 to 6 Months | | | Over 6 to 12 Months | | | Over 12 months | | | Total | |
| | (In thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Certificates of deposit less than $100,000 | | $ | 96,596 | | | $ | 57,228 | | | $ | 79,434 | | | $ | 159,936 | | | $ | 393,194 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more | | | 35,759 | | | | 25,209 | | | | 48,851 | | | | 67,036 | | | | 176,855 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Public funds(1) | | | 12,740 | | | | 18 | | | | 1,105 | | | | 1,727 | | | | 15,590 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total certificates of deposit | | $ | 145,095 | | | $ | 82,455 | | | $ | 129,390 | | | $ | 228,699 | | | $ | 585,639 | |
_______________
(1) Deposits from governmental and other public entities.
Borrowings. Although deposits are our primary source of funds, we utilize borrowings when they are a less costly source of funds and can be invested at a positive interest rate spread, when we desire additional capacity to fund loan demand or when they meet our asset/liability management goals. Our borrowings historically have consisted of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis. See Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
We may obtain advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis upon the security of certain of our mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. These advances may be made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate, range of maturities and call features. At December 31, 2008, we had $263.1 million in Federal Home Loan Bank advances outstanding. Based on current collateral levels we could borrow an additional $73.6 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank at prevailing interest rates. We believe that we will continue to have sufficient funds, through deposits and borrowings, to meet our current commitments. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Commitments” contained in Item 7 of this Form 10-K. See Note 14 to Consolidated Financial Statements.
We also have a term note with a balance of $11.5 million and a revolving line of credit with a balance of $0 from Bank of America as of December 31, 2008. See Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
We also are authorized to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago’s “discount window” after we have exhausted other reasonable alternative sources of funds, including Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings. We have never borrowed from our Federal Reserve Bank.
The Company acquired $5.0 million of issued trust preferred securities as part of the acquisition of MFB. The net balance of the note as of December 31, 2008 was $3.8 million due to the purchase accounting adjustment from the acquisition. The securities mature 30 years from the date of issuance, July 29, 2005. The securities bear a fixed rate of interest of 6.22% for the first five years, resetting quarterly thereafter at the prevailing three-month LIBOR rate plus 170 basis points. The Company may redeem the trust preferred securities, in whole or in part, without penalty, on or after September 15, 2010, or earlier upon the occurrence of certain events with the payment of a premium upon redemption. These securities mature on September 15, 2035.
The following table sets forth, for the years indicated, the maximum month-end balance and average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings.
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Maximum Balance: | | | | | | | | | |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | | $ | 300,147 | | | $ | 191,675 | | | $ | 193,345 | |
Notes payable | | | 1,123 | | | | 1,427 | | | | 1,784 | |
Other borrowings | | | 15,967 | | | | 4,311 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average Balance: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | | $ | 224,822 | | | $ | 157,309 | | | $ | 168,001 | |
Notes payable | | | 718 | | | | 1,160 | | | | 1,635 | |
Other borrowings | | | 7,967 | | | | 155 | | | | — | |
The following table sets forth certain information as to our borrowings at the dates indicated.
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | | $ | 263,113 | | | $ | 191,675 | | | $ | 157,425 | |
Notes payable | | | 647 | | | | 1,055 | | | | 1,427 | |
Other borrowings | | | 15,345 | | | | 3,908 | | | | —— | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total borrowings | | $ | 279,105 | | | $ | 196,638 | | | $ | 158,852 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average interest rate of FHLB advances | | | 4.27 | % | | | 4.88 | % | | | 4.67 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average interest rate of notes payable(1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average interest rate of other borrowings(2) | | | 5.28 | % | | | 6.48 | % | | | — | |
_______________________
(1) Our notes payable are capitalized loans with no current interest expense as of December 31, 2008.
(2) Our other borrowings are a line of credit, term loan and subordinate debt as of December 31, 2008.
Subsidiary and Other Activities
As a federally chartered savings bank, MutualBank is permitted by OTS regulations to invest up to 2% of its assets, or $27.8 million at December 31, 2008, in the stock of, or unsecured loans to, service corporation subsidiaries. MutualBank may invest an additional 1% of its assets in service corporations where such additional funds are used for inner-city or community development purposes. Service corporations may engage in activities not permitted for MutualBank and are not required to be controlled by MutualBank. MutualBank also is authorized to invest an unlimited amount in operating subsidiaries that only may engage in activities authorized for MutualBank and must be controlled by MutualBank.
The Bank's insurance agency subsidiary, Mishawaka Financial Services, Inc. ("MFB Insurance"), was acquired in the MFB transaction and currently is engaged in the sale of life insurance and credit-life and health insurance, as agent to the Bank's customers and the general public.
The Bank acquired three additional wholly-owned subsidiaries in the MFB transaction, which manage a portion of its investment portfolio. MFB Investments I, Inc. and MFB Investments II, Inc. are Nevada corporations that jointly own MFB Investments, LP, a Nevada limited partnership that holds and manages investment securities previously owned by MFB Financial prior to the MFB transaction. As of December 31, 2008, these subsidiaries were merged with Mutual Federal Investment Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of MutualBank. The Bank also acquired Community Wealth Management Group, Inc. a subsidiary of MFB Financial. This subsidiary was dissolved and is the MutualWealth division of the Bank.
At December 31, 2008, MutualBank had two active subsidiaries, First M.F.S.B. Corporation, which is a service corporation and Mutual Federal Investment Company, which is an operating subsidiary. The assets of First M.F.S.B. consists of an investment in Family Financial Holdings, Inc., which is an Indiana Corporation that provides debt cancellation products to financial institutions. As of December 31, 2008, MutualBank’s total investment in this subsidiary was $590,000. For the year ended December 31, 2008, First M.F.S.B. reported no income. Mutual Federal Investment Company is a Nevada corporation that holds and manages a portion of MutualBank’s investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2008, the market value of securities managed is $75.7 million. Mutual Federal Investment Company has one active subsidiary, MutualBank REIT, Inc. MutualBank REIT, Inc. is a Maryland corporation holding approximately $116.1 million in one-to four-family mortgage loans.
On January 25, 2003, MutualFirst purchased 26.9% of Indiana Title Insurance Co., LLC (“ITIC”), a full service title insurance company. In 2008, MutualFirst sold its share of ITIC for a loss of $329,000.
Competition
We face strong competition in originating real estate and other loans and in attracting deposits. Competition in originating real estate loans comes primarily from other savings institutions, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers. Other savings institutions, commercial banks, credit unions and finance companies provide vigorous competition in consumer lending.
We attract our deposits through our branch office system. Competition for deposits comes principally from other savings institutions, commercial banks and credit unions located in the same community, as well as mutual funds and other alternative investments. We compete for deposits by offering superior service and a variety of account types at competitive rates.
Employees
At December 31, 2008, we had a total of 365 full-time and 73 part-time employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining group. Management considers its employee relations to be good.
How We Are Regulated
Set forth below is a brief description of certain laws and regulations that apply to us. This description, as well as other descriptions of laws and regulations contained in this Form 10-K, is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable laws and regulations.
Legislation is introduced from time to time in the United States Congress that may affect our operations. In addition, the regulations by which we are governed may be amended from time to time. Any such legislation or regulatory changes could adversely affect us. We cannot assure you as to whether or in what form any such changes will occur.
Recent Legislative and Regulatory Initiatives to Address Financial and Economic Crises
The Congress, Treasury Department and the federal banking regulators, including the FDIC, have taken broad action since early September to address volatility in the U.S. banking system.
The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”) authorizes the Treasury Department to purchase from financial institutions and their holding companies up to $700 billion in mortgage loans, mortgage-related securities and certain other financial instruments, including debt and equity securities issued by financial institutions and their holding companies in a troubled asset relief program (”TARP”). The purpose of TARP is to restore confidence and stability to the U.S. banking system and to encourage financial institutions to increase their lending to customers and to each other. The Treasury Department has allocated $250 billion towards the TARP Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”). Under the CPP, Treasury will purchase debt or equity securities from participating institutions. The TARP also will include direct purchases or guarantees of troubled asset of financial institutions. Participants in the CPP are subject to executive compensation limits and are encouraged to expand their lending and mortgage loan modifications.
EESA also increased FDIC deposit insurance on most accounts from $100,000 to $250,000. This increase is in place until the end of 2009 and is not covered by deposit insurance premiums paid by the banking industry.
Following a systemic risk determination, the FDIC established a Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (“TLGP”) in October 2008. Under the interim rule for the TLGP, there are two parts to the program: the Debt Guarantee Program (“DGP”) and the Transaction Account Guarantee Program (“TAGP”). Eligible entities continue to participate unless they opted out on or before December 5, 2008.
For the DGP, eligible entities are generally US bank holding companies, savings and loan holding companies, and FDIC-insured institutions. Under the DGP, the FDIC guarantees new senior unsecured debt of an eligible entity issued not later than June 30, 2009 and if an application is approved, guarantees certain mandatory convertible debt.
For the TAGP, eligible entities are FDIC-insured institutions. Under the TAGP, the FDIC, provides unlimited deposit insurance coverage through December 31, 2009 for non-interest bearing transaction accounts (typically business checking accounts), NOW accounts bearing interst at 0.5% or less, and certain funds swept into noninterest-bearing savings accounts. NOW accounts and money market deposit accounts are not covered. Participating institutions pay fees of 10 basis points (annualized) on the balance of each covered account in excess of $250,000 during the period through December 31, 2009.
MutualFirst. Pursuant to regulations of the OTS and the terms of MutualFirst’s Maryland articles of incorporation, the purpose and powers of MutualFirst are to pursue any or all of the lawful objectives of a thrift holding company and to exercise any of the powers accorded to a thrift holding company.
MutualFirst is a unitary savings and loan holding company subject to regulatory oversight by the OTS. MutualFirst is required to register and file reports with the OTS and is subject to regulation and examination by the OTS. In addition, the OTS has enforcement authority over us and our non-savings institution subsidiaries.
MutualFirst generally is not subject to activity restrictions. If MutualFirst acquired control of another savings institution as a separate subsidiary, it would become a multiple savings and loan holding company, and its activities and any of its subsidiaries (other than MutualBank or any other savings institution) would generally become subject to additional restrictions.
If MutualBank fails the qualified thrift lender test described below, MutualFirst must obtain the approval of the OTS prior to continuing, directly or through other subsidiaries, any business activity other than those approved for multiple thrift holding companies or their subsidiaries. In addition, within one year of such failure MutualFirst must register as, and will become subject to, the restrictions applicable to bank holding companies. The activities authorized for a bank holding company are more limited than the activities authorized for a unitary or multiple thrift holding company.
MutualBank. MutualBank, as a federally chartered savings institution, is subject to federal regulation, periodic examination and oversight by the OTS extending to all aspects of MutualBank’s operations. MutualBank also is subject to regulation and examination by the FDIC, which insures the deposits of MutualBank to the maximum extent permitted by law. This regulation and supervision primarily is intended for the protection of depositors and not for the purpose of protecting stockholders.
The investment and lending authority of federal savings institutions are prescribed by federal laws and regulations, and federal savings institutions are prohibited from engaging in any activities not permitted by such laws and regulations. In addition, all savings institutions, including MutualBank, are required to maintain qualified thrift lender status to avoid certain restrictions on their operations. This status is maintained by meeting the OTS qualified thrift lender test, which requires a savings institution to have at least 65% of its portfolio assets, as defined by regulation, in qualified thrift investments on a monthly average for nine out of every 12 months on a rolling basis. As an alternative, the savings institution may maintain 60% of its assets in the assets specified in Section 7701(a)(19) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under either test, such assets primarily consist of residential housing related loans and investments. At December 31, 2008, MutualBank met the test and has met the test since its effectiveness. If MutualBank loses qualified thrift status, it becomes subject to national bank investment and activity limits.
The OTS regularly examines MutualBank and prepares reports for the consideration of MutualBank’s board of directors on any deficiencies that it may find in MutualBank’s operations. When these examinations are conducted, the examiners may require MutualBank to provide for higher general or specific loan loss reserves. MutualBank’s relationship with its depositors and borrowers also is regulated to a great extent by both Federal and state laws, especially in such matters as the ownership of savings accounts and the form and content of MutualBank’s mortgage requirements. The OTS also has extensive enforcement authority over all savings institutions and their holding companies, including MutualBank and MutualFirst.
MutualBank’s general permissible lending limit for loans-to-one-borrower is equal to the greater of $500,000 or 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus (except for loans fully secured by certain readily marketable collateral, in which case this limit is increased to 25% of unimpaired capital and surplus). At December 31, 2008 MutualBank’s lending limit under this restriction was $22.5 million. MutualBank is in compliance with the loans-to-one-borrower limitation.
The OTS, as well as the other federal banking agencies, has adopted guidelines establishing safety and soundness standards on such matters as loan underwriting and documentation, asset quality, earnings standards, internal controls and audit systems, interest rate risk exposure and compensation and other employee benefits. Any institution which fails to comply with these standards must submit a compliance plan.
FDIC Regulation and Insurance of Accounts. The Bank’s deposits are insured up to the applicable limits by the FDIC, and such insurance is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. As insurer, the FDIC imposes deposit insurance premiums and is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by FDIC-insured institutions. Our deposit insurance premiums for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $512,000. Those premiums will increase in 2009 due to recent strains on the FDIC deposit insurance fund due to the cost of large bank failures and increase in the number of troubled banks.
In February 2009, the FDIC issued new deposit premium regulations providing for increases in premiums, higher premiums for institutions with secured debt (including FHLBank advances) and brokered deposits, and a special assessment in the second quarter of 2009 to replenish the fund. Under these new deposit insurance premium regulations, the FDIC assesses deposit insurance premiums on all FDIC-insured institutions quarterly based on annualized rates for four risk categories. Each institution is assigned to one of four risk categories based on its capital, supervisory ratings and other factors. Well capitalized institutions that are financially sound with only a few minor weaknesses are assigned to Risk Category I. Risk Categories II, III and IV present progressively greater risks to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF). Under FDIC’s risk-based assessment rules, effective April 1, 2009, the initial base assessment rates prior to adjustments range from 12 to 16 basis points for Risk Category I, and are 22 basis points for Risk Category II, 32 basis points for Risk Category III, and 45 basis points for Risk Category IV. Initial base assessment rates are subject to adjustments based on an institution’s unsecured debt, secured liabilities and brokered deposits, such that the total base assessment rates after adjustments range from 7 to 24 basis points for Risk Category I, 17 to 43 basis points for Risk Category II, 27 to 58 basis points for Risk Category III, and 40 to 77.5 basis points for Risk Category IV.
The rule also includes authority for the FDIC to increase or decrease total base assessment rates in the future by as much as three basis points without formal rulemaking proceeding.
In addition to the regular quarterly assessments, due to losses and projected losses attributed to failed institutions, the FDIC has adopted a rule imposing on every insured institution a special assessment equal to 20 basis points of its assessment base as of June 30, 2009, to be collected on September 30, 2009. The FDIC has indicated that, if its borrowing authority from the United States Treasury is increased, it would reduce the special assessment to 10 basis points. There is legislation pending to increase that borrowing authority from $30 billion to $100 billion (and up to $500 billion under special circumstances). The special assessment rule also authorizes the FDIC to impose additional special assessments if the reserve ratio of the DIF is estimated to fall to a level that the FDIC’s board believes would adversely affect public confidence or that is close to zero or negative. Any additional special assessment would be in an amount up to 10 basis points on the assessment base for the quarter in which it is imposed and would be collected at the end of the following quarter.
The FDIC also may prohibit any FDIC-insured institution from engaging in any activity that it determines by regulation or order to pose a serious risk to the deposit insurance fund. The FDIC also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions against the Bank and may terminate our deposit insurance if it determines that we have engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or is in an unsafe or unsound condition.
Regulatory Capital Requirements. Federally insured savings institutions, such as MutualBank, are required to maintain a minimum level of regulatory capital. The OTS has established capital standards, including a leverage ratio or core capital requirement and a risk-based capital requirement applicable to such savings institutions. These capital requirements must be generally as stringent as the comparable capital requirements for national banks. The OTS also may impose capital requirements in excess of these standards on individual institutions on a case-by-case basis.
The capital standards generally require core capital equal to at least 4.0% of adjusted total assets. Core capital consists of tangible capital plus certain intangible assets, including a limited amount of purchased credit card relationships. At December 31, 2008, MutualBank had core capital equal to $136.6 million, or 9.86% of adjusted total assets, which is $81.2 million above the minimum requirement of 4% in effect on that date.
The OTS also requires savings institutions to have total capital of at least 8.0% of risk-weighted assets. Total capital consists of core capital, as defined above, and supplementary capital. Supplementary capital consists of certain permanent and maturing capital instruments that do not qualify as core capital and general valuation loan and lease loss allowances up to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets. The OTS is also authorized to require a savings institution to maintain an additional amount of total capital to account for concentration of credit risk and the risk of non-traditional activities. In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet items, will be multiplied by a risk weight, ranging from 0% to 100%, based on the risk inherent in the type of asset. As of December 31, 2008, MutualBank had total risk-based capital of $150.2 million and risk-weighted assets of $1.1 billion; or total capital of 13.79% of risk-weighted assets. This amount was $63.1 million above the 8% requirement in effect on that date.
The OTS and the FDIC are authorized and, under certain circumstances, required to take actions against savings institutions that fail to meet their capital requirements. The OTS is generally required to restrict the activities of an “undercapitalized institution,” which is an institution with less than either a 4% core capital ratio, a 4% Tier 1 risked-based capital ratio or an 8.0% risk-based capital ratio. Any such institution must submit a capital restoration plan and, until such plan is approved by the OTS, may not increase its assets, acquire another institution, establish a branch or engage in any new activities, and generally may not make capital distributions.
Any savings institution that fails to comply with its capital plan or has Tier 1 risk-based or core capital ratio of less than 3.0% or a risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0% and is considered “significantly undercapitalized” must be made subject to one or more additional specified actions and operating restrictions which may cover all aspects of its operations and may include a forced merger or acquisition of the institution. An institution that becomes “critically undercapitalized” because it has a tangible capital ratio of 2.0% or less is subject to further restrictions on its activities in addition to those applicable to significantly undercapitalized institutions. In addition, the OTS must appoint a receiver, or conservator with the concurrence of the FDIC, for a savings institution, with certain limited exceptions, within 90 days after it becomes critically undercapitalized. Any undercapitalized institution is also subject to the general enforcement authority of the OTS and the FDIC, including the appointment of a conservator or a receiver.
The OTS is also generally authorized to reclassify an institution into a lower capital category and impose the restrictions applicable to such category if the institution is engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or is in an unsafe or unsound condition.
The imposition by the OTS or the FDIC of any of these measures on MutualBank may have a substantial adverse effect on our operations and profitability.
Limitations on Dividends and Other Capital Distributions. OTS regulations impose various restrictions on distributions of capital, which include dividends, stock redemptions or repurchases, cash-out mergers and other transactions charged to the capital account.
Generally, for savings institutions, such as MutualBank, it is required that before and after the proposed distribution the institution remain well-capitalized. Savings institutions may make capital distributions during any calendar year equal to the greater of 100% of net income for the year-to-date plus retained net income for the two preceding years. However, an institution deemed to be in need of more than normal supervision by the OTS may have its dividend authority restricted by the OTS. MutualBank may pay dividends in accordance with this general authority.
Savings institutions proposing to make any capital distribution need not submit written notice to the OTS prior to such distribution unless they are a subsidiary of a holding company or would not remain well-capitalized following the distribution. Savings institutions that do not, or would not meet their current minimum capital requirements following a proposed capital distribution or propose to exceed these net income limitations must obtain OTS approval prior to making such distribution. The OTS may object to the distribution during that 30-day period based on safety and soundness concerns. See “- Regulatory Capital Requirements.”
Our ability to pay dividends on or repurchase our common stock is subject to limits due to our participation in the TARP Capital Purchase Program. See “General” and Item 1A.
Federal Taxation
General. We are subject to federal income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. The following discussion of federal taxation is intended only to summarize certain pertinent federal income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to us. MutualBank’s federal income tax returns have been closed without audit by the IRS through its year ended December 31, 2004. MutualFirst and MutualBank will file a consolidated federal income tax return for fiscal year 2008.
Taxable Distributions and Recapture. Prior to 1998, bad debt reserves created prior to the year ended December 31, 1997 were subject to recapture into taxable income if MutualBank failed to meet certain thrift asset and definitional tests. Federal legislation eliminated these thrift recapture rules. However, under current law, pre-1988 reserves remain subject to recapture should MutualBank make certain non-dividend distributions or cease to maintain a thrift/bank charter.
Minimum Tax. The Internal Revenue Code imposes an alternative minimum tax at a rate of 20% on a base of regular taxable income plus certain tax preferences, called alternative minimum taxable income. The alternative minimum tax is payable to the extent such alternative minimum taxable income is in excess of an exemption amount. Net operating losses can offset no more than 90% of alternative minimum taxable income. Certain payments of alternative minimum tax may be used as credits against regular tax liabilities in future years. MutualBank is subject to the alternative minimum tax, and has $173,000 available as credits for carryover.
Corporate Dividends-Received Deduction. MutualFirst may eliminate from its income dividends received from MutualBank as a wholly owned subsidiary of MutualFirst if it elects to file a consolidated return with MutualBank. The corporate dividends-received deduction is 100% or 80%, in the case of dividends received from corporations with which a corporate recipient does not file a consolidated tax return, depending on the level of stock ownership of the payor of the dividend. Corporations which own less than 20% of the stock of a corporation distributing a dividend may deduct 70% of dividends received or accrued on their behalf.
State Taxation
MutualBank is subject to Indiana’s financial institutions tax, which is imposed at a flat rate of 8.5% on “adjusted gross income” apportioned to Indiana. “Adjusted gross income,” for purposes of the financial institutions tax, begins with taxable income as defined by Section 63 of the Internal Revenue Code and incorporates federal tax law to the extent that it affects the computation of taxable income. Federal taxable income is then adjusted by several Indiana modifications including only considering members of the combined group which have Indiana nexus.
Other applicable state taxes include generally applicable sales and use taxes plus real and personal property taxes.
Internet Website
We maintain a website with the address of www.bankwithmutual.com. The information contained on our website is not included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other reports, proxy statements and other information, including earnings press releases, filed with the SEC are available on that website through a link to the SEC’s website at “Resource Center – Investor Relations - SEC Filings.” For more information regarding access to these filings on our website, please contact our Corporate Secretary, MutualFirst Financial, Inc., 110 E. Charles Street, Muncie, Indiana, 47305-2419; telephone number (765) 747-2800.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following are certain risk factors that could impact our business, financial results and results of operations. Investing in our common stock involves risks, including those described below. These risk factors should be considered by prospective and current investors in our common stock when evaluating the disclosures in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (particularly the forward-looking statements.) These risk factors could cause actual results and conditions to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements. If the risks we face, including those listed below, actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be negatively impacted, and the trading price of our common stock could decline, which may cause you to lose all or part of your investment.
Difficult market conditions and economic trends have adversely affected our industry and our business.
Dramatic declines in the housing market, with decreasing home prices and increasing delinquencies and foreclosures, have negatively impacted the credit performance of mortgage and construction loans and resulted in significant write-downs of assets by many financial institutions. In addition, the values of real estate collateral supporting many loans have declined and may continue to decline. General downward economic trends, reduced availability of commercial credit and increasing unemployment have negatively affected the credit performance of commercial and consumer credit, resulting in additional write-downs. Concerns over the stability of the financial markets and the economy have resulted in decreased lending by some financial institutions to their customers and to each other. This market turmoil and tightening of credit has led to increased commercial and consumer delinquencies, lack of customer confidence, increased market volatility and widespread reduction in general business activity. Competition among depository institutions for deposits has increased significantly. Some financial institutions have experienced decreased access to deposits and/or borrowings.
The resulting economic pressure on consumers and businesses and the lack of confidence in the financial markets may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price.
Our ability to assess the creditworthiness of customers and to estimate the losses inherent in our credit exposure is made more complex by these difficult market and economic conditions. As a result of the foregoing factors, there is a potential for new laws and regulations regarding lending and funding practices and liquidity standards, and bank regulatory agencies are expected to be very aggressive in responding to concerns and trends identified in examinations. This increased government action may increase our costs and limit our ability to pursue certain business opportunities. We also may be required to pay even higher FDIC premiums than the recently increased level, because financial institution failures resulting from the depressed market conditions have depleted and may continue to deplete the deposit insurance fund and reduce its ratio of reserves to insured deposits.
We do not believe these difficult conditions are likely to improve in the near future. A worsening of these conditions would likely exacerbate the adverse effects of these difficult market and economic conditions on us, our customers and the other financial institutions in our market area. As a result, we may experience increases in foreclosures, delinquencies and customer bankruptcies, as well as more restricted access to funds.
Recent legislative and regulatory initiatives to address difficult market and economic conditions may not stabilize the U.S. banking system.
The recently enacted Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the “EESA”) authorizes Treasury to purchase from financial institutions and their holding companies up to $700 billion in mortgage loans, mortgage-related securities and certain other financial instruments, including debt and equity securities issued by financial institutions and their holding companies, under a troubled asset relief program, or “TARP.” The purpose of TARP is to restore confidence and stability to the U.S. banking system and to encourage financial institutions to increase their lending to customers and to each other. The Treasury has allocated $250 billion towards the TARP Capital Purchase Program. Under the TARP Capital Purchase Program, Treasury is purchasing equity securities from participating institutions. The warrant offered by this prospectus, together with our Series A Preferred Stock, was issued by us to Treasury pursuant to the TARP Capital Purchase Program. The EESA also increased federal deposit insurance on most deposit accounts from $100,000 to $250,000. This increase is in place until the end of 2009 and is not covered by deposit insurance premiums paid by the banking industry.
The EESA followed, and has been followed by, numerous actions by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the U.S. Congress, Treasury, the FDIC, the SEC and others to address the current liquidity and credit crisis that has followed the sub-prime meltdown that commenced in 2007. These measures include homeowner relief that encourage loan restructuring and modification; the establishment of significant liquidity and credit facilities for financial institutions and investment banks; the lowering of the federal funds rate; emergency action against short selling practices; a temporary guaranty program for money market funds; the establishment of a commercial paper funding facility to provide back-stop liquidity to commercial paper issuers; and coordinated international efforts to address illiquidity and other weaknesses in the banking sector. The purpose of these legislative and regulatory actions is to stabilize the U.S. banking system. The EESA and the other regulatory initiatives described above may not have their desired effects. If the volatility in the markets continues and economic conditions fail to improve or worsen, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Current levels of market volatility are unprecedented.
The capital and credit markets have been experiencing volatility and disruption for more than a year. In recent months, the volatility and disruption has reached unprecedented levels. In some cases, the markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices and credit availability for certain issuers without regard to those issuers’ underlying financial strength. If current levels of market disruption and volatility continue or worsen, there can be no assurance that we will not experience an adverse effect, which may be material, on our ability to access capital and on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb probable losses in our loan portfolio.
Lending money is a substantial part of our business. Every loan carries a certain risk that it will not be repaid in accordance with its terms or that any underlying collateral will not be sufficient to assure repayment. This risk is affected by, among other things:
| · | cash flow of the borrower and/or the project being financed; |
| · | in the case of a collateralized loan, the changes and uncertainties as to the future value of the collateral; |
| · | the credit history of a particular borrower; |
| · | changes in economic and industry conditions; and |
| · | the duration of the loan. |
We maintain an allowance for loan losses which we believe is appropriate to provide for potential losses in our loan portfolio. The amount of this allowance is determined by our management through a periodic review and consideration of several factors, including, but not limited to:
| · | an ongoing review of the quality, size and diversity of the loan portfolio; |
| · | evaluation of non-performing loans; |
| · | historical default and loss experience; |
| · | historical recovery experience; |
| · | existing economic conditions; |
| · | risk characteristics of the various classifications of loans; and |
| · | the amount and quality of collateral, including guarantees, securing the loans. |
If our loan losses exceed our allowance for probable loan losses, our business, financial condition and profitability may suffer.
Our loan portfolio possesses increased risk due to our substantial number of multi-family, commercial real estate, consumer and commercial business loans.
Approximately 52.8% of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2008, consists of multi-family, commercial real estate, consumer and commercial business loans. Multi-family and commercial real estate loans accounted for approximately 22.4% of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2008. Our commercial business and consumer loans accounted, respectively, for approximately 6.7% and 23.7% of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2008. Generally, we consider these types of loans to involve a higher degree of risk compared to first mortgage loans on one- to four-family, owner-occupied residential properties. For further information concerning the risks associated with multi-family, commercial real estate, consumer loans and commercial business loans, see “Lending Activities” and “Asset Quality” in Item 1.
Rising interest rates may hurt our profits.
To be profitable, we have to earn more money in interest we receive on loans and investments that we make than we pay to our depositors and lenders in interest. If interest rates rise, our net interest income and the value of our assets could be reduced if interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, increases more quickly than interest received on interest-earning assets, such as loans, other mortgage-related investments and investment securities. This is most likely to occur if short-term interest rates increase at a faster rate than long-term interest rates, which would cause income to go down. In addition, rising interest rates may hurt our income, because they may reduce the demand for loans and the value of our securities. For a further discussion of how changes in interest rates could impact us, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 and “Asset and Liability Management and Market Risk” in Item 7A.
If economic conditions deteriorate, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted as borrowers’ ability to repay loans declines and the value of the collateral securing our loans decreases.
Our financial results may be adversely affected by changes in prevailing economic conditions, including decreases in real estate values, changes in interest rates that cause a decrease in interest rate spreads, adverse employment conditions, the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government and other significant external events. In addition, we have a significant amount of real estate loans. Accordingly, decreases in real estate values could adversely affect the value of collateral securing our loans. Adverse changes in the economy may also have a negative effect on the ability of our borrowers to make timely repayments of their loans. In this regard, a substantial majority of our loans are to individuals and businesses in north and central eastern Indiana. These factors could expose us to an increased risk of loan defaults and losses and have an adverse impact on our earnings.
Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and jeopardize our financial condition.
Liquidity is essential to our business. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities or the terms of which are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry or economy in general. Factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity as a result of a downturn in the markets in which our loans are concentrated or adverse regulatory action against us. Our ability to borrow could also be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry in light of the recent turmoil faced by banking organizations and the continued deterioration in credit markets.
We may elect or be compelled to seek additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available when it is needed.
We are required by federal regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations. In addition, we may elect to raise additional capital to support our business or to finance acquisitions, if any, or we may otherwise elect or be required to raise additional capital. In that regard, a number of financial institutions have recently raised considerable amounts of capital in response to a deterioration in their results of operations and financial condition arising from the turmoil in the mortgage loan market, deteriorating economic conditions, declines in real estate values and other factors. Should we be required by regulatory authorities to raise additional capital, we may seek to do so through the issuance of, among other things, our common stock or preferred stock.
Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets, economic conditions and a number of other factors, many of which are outside our control, and on our financial performance. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of our ability to raise additional capital if needed or on terms acceptable to us. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, it may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
If we are unable to redeem our Series A Preferred Stock after five years, the cost of this capital to us will increase substantially.
If we are unable to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock prior to February 15, 2014, the cost of this capital to us will increase substantially on that date, from 5.0% per annum (approximately $1.6 million annually) to 9.0% per annum (approximately $2.9 million annually). See “Description of Capital Stock—Series A Preferred Stock-Redemption and Repurchases.” Depending on our financial condition at the time, this increase in the annual dividend rate on the Series A Preferred Stock could have a material negative effect on our liquidity.
We operate in a highly regulated environment, and we may be adversely affected by changes in laws and regulations.
The Bank is subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the OTS, its chartering authority, and by the FDIC, as insurer of its deposits. MutualFirst Financial also is subject to regulation and supervision by the OTS. This regulation and supervision governs the activities in which we may engage, and are intended primarily for the protection of the deposit insurance fund and depositors. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the imposition of restrictions on our operations, the classification of our assets and determination of the level of our allowance for loan losses. Any change in this regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a material impact on our operations.
Strong competition within our market area may limit our growth and profitability.
Competition in the banking and financial services industry is intense. In our market area, we compete with commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage brokerage firms, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, and brokerage and investment banking firms operating locally and elsewhere. Many of these competitors have substantially greater resources and lending limits than we do and may offer certain services that we do not or cannot provide. Our profitability depends upon our continued ability to successfully compete in our market.
We rely on dividends from the Bank for substantially all of our revenue.
MutualFirst receives substantially all of its revenue as dividends from the Bank. OTS regulations limit the amount of dividends that the Bank may pay to MutualFirst Financial. See “Regulatory Considerations.” In the event the Bank becomes unable to pay dividends to MutualFirst Financial, MutualFirst Financial may not be able to service its debt, pay its other obligations or pay dividends on its common stock. Accordingly, our inability to receive dividends from the Bank could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and the value of your investment in our common stock. As of December 31, 2008, the Bank is required to receive regulatory approval prior to declaring dividends to the Company.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, and this may make it difficult for you to resell our common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.
We cannot predict how our common stock will trade in the future. The market value of our common stock will likely continue to fluctuate in response to a number of factors including the following, most of which are beyond our control, as well as the other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section:
| · | actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating and financial results; |
| · | developments related to investigations, proceedings or litigation that involve us; |
| · | changes in financial estimates and recommendations by financial analysts; |
| · | dispositions, acquisitions and financings; |
| · | fluctuations in the stock prices and operating results of our competitors; |
| · | regulatory developments; and |
| · | other developments related to the financial services industry. |
The market value of our common stock may also be affected by conditions affecting the financial markets in general, including price and trading fluctuations. These conditions may result in (i) volatility in the level of, and fluctuations in, the market prices of stocks generally and, in turn, our common stock and (ii) sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the market, in each case that could be unrelated or disproportionate to changes in our operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market value of our common stock. Our common stock also has a low average daily trading volume relative to many other stocks, which may limit an investor’s ability to quickly accumulate or divest themselves of large blocks of our stock. This can lead to significant price swings even when a relatively small number of shares are being traded.
There may be future sales of additional common stock or preferred stock or other dilution of our equity, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We are not restricted from issuing additional common stock or preferred stock, including any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock or preferred stock or any substantially similar securities. The market value of our common stock could decline as a result of sales by us of a large number of shares of common stock or preferred stock or similar securities in the market or the perception that such sales could occur.
Anti-takeover provisions could negatively impact our shareholders.
Provisions in our charter and bylaws, the corporate law of the State of Maryland and federal regulations could delay, defer or prevent a third party from acquiring us, despite the possible benefit to our stockholders, or otherwise adversely affect the market price of any class of our equity securities, including our common stock. These provisions include: a prohibition on voting shares of common stock beneficially owned in excess of 10% of total shares outstanding, supermajority voting requirements for certain business combinations with any person who beneficially owns more than 10% of our outstanding common stock; the election of directors to staggered terms of three years; advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our Board of Directors and for proposing matters that stockholders may act on at stockholder meetings, a requirement that only directors may fill a vacancy in our Board of Directors, supermajority voting requirements to remove any of our directors and the other provisions of our charter.” Our charter also authorizes our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock, and preferred stock could be issued as a defensive measure in response to a takeover proposal. For further information, see “Description of Capital Stock—Preferred Stock.” In addition, pursuant to OTS regulations, as a general matter, no person or company, acting individually or in concert with others, may acquire more than 10% of our common stock without prior approval from the OTS.
These provisions may discourage potential takeover attempts, discourage bids for our common stock at a premium over market price or adversely affect the market price of, and the voting and other rights of the holders of, our common stock. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for holders of our common stock to elect directors other than the candidates nominated by our Board of Directors.
The voting limitation provision in our charter could limit your voting rights as a holder of our common stock.
Our charter provides that any person or group who acquires beneficial ownership of our common stock in excess of 10% of the outstanding shares may not vote the excess shares. Accordingly, if you acquire beneficial ownership of more than 10% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, your voting rights with respect to the common stock will not be commensurate with your economic interest in our company.
The securities purchase agreement between us and Treasury limits our ability to pay dividends on and repurchase our common stock.
The securities purchase agreement between us and Treasury provides that prior to the earlier of (i) December 23, 2011 and (ii) the date on which all of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock have been redeemed by us or transferred by Treasury to third parties, we may not, without the consent of Treasury, (a) increase the cash dividend on our common stock or (b) subject to limited exceptions, redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire shares of our common stock or preferred stock (other than the Series A Preferred Stock) or any trust preferred securities then outstanding. In addition, we are unable to pay any dividends on our common stock unless we are current in our dividend payments on the Series A Preferred Stock. These restrictions, together with the potentially dilutive impact of the warrant described in the next risk factor, could have a negative effect on the value of our common stock. Moreover, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends only when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors. Although we have historically paid cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so and our Board of Directors could reduce or eliminate our common stock dividend in the future.
The Series A Preferred Stock impacts net income available to our common shareholders and earnings per common share, and the warrant we issued to Treasury may be dilutive to holders of our common stock.
The dividends declared on the Series A Preferred Stock will reduce the net income available to common shareholders and our earnings per common share. The Series A Preferred Stock will also receive preferential treatment in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of MutualFirst Financial. Additionally, the ownership interest of the existing holders of our common stock will be diluted to the extent the warrant we issued to Treasury in conjunction with the sale to Treasury of the Series A Preferred Stock is exercised. The shares of common stock underlying the warrant represent approximately 8.2% of the shares of our common stock outstanding (including the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant in total shares outstanding). Although Treasury has agreed not to vote any of the shares of common stock it receives upon exercise of the warrant, a transferee of any portion of the warrant or of any shares of common stock acquired upon exercise of the warrant is not bound by this restriction
The amount of common stock we control, our articles of incorporation and bylaws, and state and federal statutory provisions could discourage hostile acquisitions of control.
Our board of directors and executive officers beneficially own 12.38% of our common stock, and have additional stock options for 413,390 shares which are exercisable within 60 days of March 2, 2009. In addition, our employee stock ownership plan(s) and charitable foundation controlled, respectively, 6.4% and 3.2% of our common stock. As of December 31, 2008, 357,902 shares were reserved under various stock benefit plans for future awards for directors, officers and employees of the Company and the Bank. This inside ownership together with provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of discouraging attempts to acquire MutualFirst, pursue a proxy contest for control of MutualFirst, assume control of MutualFirst by a holder of a large block of common stock and remove MutualFirst’s management, all of which certain stockholders might think are in their best interests. These provisions include, among other things: (a) staggered terms of the members of the board of directors; (b) an 80% shareholder vote requirement for approval of any merger or consolidation of MutualFirst into any entity that directly or indirectly owns 5% or more of MutualFirst voting stock if the transaction is not approved in advance by at least a majority of the disinterested members of MutualFirst’s board of directors; (c) supermajority shareholder vote requirements for the approval of certain amendments to MutualFirst’s articles of incorporation and bylaws; (d) a prohibition on any holder of common stock voting more than 10% of the outstanding common stock; (e) elimination of cumulative voting by stockholders in the election of directors; (f) restrictions on the acquisition of our equity securities; and (g) the authorization of 5 million shares of preferred stock that may be issued with stockholder approval on terms or in circumstances that could deter a future takeover attempt. As a Maryland corporation, we are subject to the Maryland business corporation law, which contains certain restrictions on an acquisition of control of MutualFirst. Furthermore, federal law requires regulatory approval of any acquisition of control of MutualFirst and imposes limits on the types of companies that can control us.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None
Item 2. Properties
At December 31, 2008 we had 33 full service offices. We own the office building in which our home office and executive offices are located. At December 31, 2008 we owned all but two of our other branch offices. The net book value of our investment in premises, equipment and leaseholds, excluding computer equipment, was approximately $34.2 million at December 31, 2008. We believe that our current facilities are adequate to meet our present and immediately foreseeable needs.
We utilize a third party service provider to maintain our database of depositor and borrower customer information. At December 31, 2008 the net book value of the data processing and computer equipment utilized by us was $2.3 million.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved as plaintiff or defendant in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. We do not anticipate incurring any material liability as a result of such litigation.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matter was submitted to a vote of security holders, through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the quarter ended December 31, 2008.