Anadys Pharmaceuticals 10Q 2005 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)


þ		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2005


o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO .

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-31161

ANADYS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)


Delaware		22-3193172

(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION)		(I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO.)


3115 Merryfield Row San Diego, California		92121

(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)		(ZIP CODE)

Company’s telephone number, including area code: 858-530-3600

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes o No þ

The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the close of business on November 1, 2005:


Class		Number of Shares Outstanding

Common Stock, $0.001 par value		28,327,404

ANADYS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Table of Contents


		Page
		Number
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - As of September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004	4
	Condensed Consolidated Cash Flow Statements – Nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004	5
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	10
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 6.	Exhibits	37
SIGNATURES		38
Exhibit 31.1
Exhibit 31.2
Exhibit 32
EXHIBIT 31.1
EXHIBIT 31.2
EXHIBIT 32

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ANADYS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share amounts)


	September 30,			December 31,
	2005			2004
	(Unaudited)			(Note)
Assets
Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents	$	101,442		$	5,988
Securities available-for-sale		10,895			27,686
Accounts receivable		4,067			186
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		778			1,138

Total current assets		117,182			34,998

Property and equipment, net		3,573			4,030
Other assets, net		1,715			1,921


Total assets	$	122,470		$	40,949


Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	6,154		$	4,727
Current portion of long-term debt		1,007			1,310
Current portion of deferred rent		420			360
Deferred revenue		6,423			600

Total current liabilities		14,004			6,997

Long-term debt, net of current portion		838			1,193
Long-term portion of deferred rent		1,483			1,474
Long-term portion of deferred revenue		24,748			—

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity:

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004.		—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 90,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004; 28,327,404 and 22,334,521 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively.		28			22
Additional paid-in capital		267,198			199,990
Deferred compensation		(1,132	)		(2,862	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(44	)		(68	)
Accumulated deficit		(184,653	)		(165,797	)

Total stockholders’ equity		81,397			31,285


Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	122,470		$	40,949

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note: The balance sheet at December 31, 2004, has been derived from audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements.

ANADYS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2005			2004			2005			2004
Revenues:

Collaborative agreements	$	1,564		$	338		$	2,489		$	1,234
Grants		173			18			391			18


Total revenues		1,737			356			2,880			1,252

Expenses:

Research and development		3,448			5,084			15,912			18,271
General and administrative		1,743			1,577			4,996			4,136
Stock-based compensation:
Research and development		223			358			763			2,188
General and administrative		309			488			890			2,201


Total operating expenses		5,723			7,507			22,561			26,796

Interest income and other, net		635			160			1,092			283
Interest expense		(63	)		(50	)		(267	)		(170	)


Net interest income and other		572			110			825			113


Net loss		(3,414	)		(7,041	)		(18,856	)		(25,431	)
Accretion to redemption value of redeemable convertible preferred stock		—			—			—			(175	)

Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$	(3,414	)	$	(7,041	)	$	(18,856	)	$	(25,606	)


Net loss per share, basic and diluted (1)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.32	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(1.65	)


Shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted (1)		25,819			22,248			23,544			15,504

(1) As a result of the conversion of the Company’s preferred stock into 13,330 shares of its common stock upon completion of the Company’s initial public offering on March 31, 2004, there is a lack of comparability in the basic and diluted net loss per share amounts for the periods presented above. See Note 2 for the calculation of pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented.

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ANADYS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Cash Flow Statements
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2005			2004
Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(18,856	)	$	(25,431	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,107			1,150
Amortization of deferred compensation		1,418			4,189
Compensation related to restricted stock		—			172
Compensation related to stock option issuance		235			43
Rent expense related to warrants issued in connection with lease		39			4
Interest expense related to warrants issued in connection with debt		37			37
Loss on sale/abandonment of property and equipment		2			25
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(3,881	)		413
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		360			(61	)
Other assets, net		206			(1,228	)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,427			1,207
Deferred revenue		30,571			200
Deferred rent		69			228


Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		12,734			(19,052	)
Investing Activities
Purchase of securities available-for-sale		(8,294	)		(30,027	)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of securities available-for-sale		25,109			1,033
Purchase of property and equipment		(652	)		(632	)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment		—			35


Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		16,163			(29,591	)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of issuance costs		66,435			43,736
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan		817			280
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		393			1,198
Principal payments on long-term debt		(1,088	)		(846	)


Net cash provided by financing activities		66,557			44,368

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		95,454			(4,275	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		5,988			11,968


Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	101,442		$	7,693


Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities:

Accretion of costs on redeemable convertible preferred stock	$	—		$	175


Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale	$	24		$	37

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ANADYS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Notes To Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (together with its wholly owned subsidiary, Anadys Pharmaceuticals Europe GmbH, the “Company”) should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2005. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, since they are interim statements, the accompanying financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and notes thereto. A discussion of the Company’s critical accounting policies and management estimates is described in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Revenue Recognition

The Company may receive payments from collaborators for compound licenses, technology access fees, option fees, research services, milestones and royalty obligations. These payments are recognized as revenue or reported as deferred revenue until they meet the criteria for revenue recognition as outlined in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”), No. 104,Revenue Recognition,which provides guidance on revenue recognition in financial statements, and is based on the interpretations and practices developed by the SEC and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue 00-21,Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.The Company recognizes revenue when (1) persuasive evidence of the arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services were rendered; (3) the price is fixed or determinable and (4) the collectibility is reasonably assured. In addition, the Company has followed the following principles in recognizing revenue:

•		Revenue from milestones is recognized when earned, as evidenced by written acknowledgment from the collaborator or other persuasive evidence that the milestone has been achieved, provided that (i) the milestone event is substantive and its achievability was not reasonably assured at the inception of the agreement, (ii) the Company’s performance obligations after the milestone achievement will continue to be funded by the collaborator at the comparable level and (iii) the milestone is not refundable or creditable. If all of these criteria are not met, the milestone payment is recognized over the remaining minimum period of the Company’s performance obligations under the agreement. Upfront fees under collaborations, such as technology access fees, are recognized over the period the related services are provided. Non-refundable upfront fees not associated with the Company’s future performance are recognized when received.

•		Fees the Company receives for research services are generally recognized as the services are provided, as long as the amounts received are not refundable regardless of the results of the research project. Research services may include agreements through which the Company will deploy its internal capabilities to assist a collaborator to advance their target, such as the Company’s medicinal chemistry and screening capabilities.

Net Loss Per Share

The Company calculates basic and diluted net loss per share for all periods presented in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 128,Earnings Per Share. Basic net loss per share was calculated by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share was calculated by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding during the period determined using the treasury-stock method. For purposes of this calculation, common stock subject to repurchase by the Company, options, and warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents and are only included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when their effect is dilutive.

The net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and the three months ended September 30, 2004 includes the full effect of the 13.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock issued upon conversion of its redeemable and convertible preferred stock in conjunction with its initial public offering on March 31, 2004. As a result of the issuance of the 13.3 million common shares, there is a lack of comparability in the basic and diluted net loss per share amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004. In order to provide a more relevant measure of the Company’s operating results, the following unaudited pro forma net loss per share calculation has been provided. The shares used to compute unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share represent the weighted-average common shares used to calculate actual basic and diluted net loss per share, increased to include the assumed conversion of all outstanding shares of preferred stock into shares of common stock using the as-if converted method as of the beginning of each period presented or the date of issuance, if later.


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2005			2004
	(In thousands)
Actual:
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(18,856	)	$	(25,431	)
Accretion to redemption value of redeemable convertible preferred stock		—			(175	)

Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$	(18,856	)	$	(25,606	)


Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares		23,544			15,573
Weighted-average unvested common shares subject to repurchase		—			(69	)

Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share		23,544			15,504

Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.80	)	$	(1.65	)


Pro forma:
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(18,856	)	$	(25,431	)


Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares used to calculate basic and diluted loss per share		23,544			15,504
Pro forma adjustments to reflect weighted-average effect of assumed conversion of preferred stock		—			4,346

Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share		23,544			19,850

Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.80	)	$	(1.28	)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2005		2004
	(In thousands)
Historical outstanding antidilutive securities not included in diluted net loss per share calculation
Common stock subject to repurchase		—		16
Options to purchase common stock		2,293		1,803
Warrants		376		376

		2,669		2,195

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss adjusted for changes in market values in securities available-for-sale. Below is a reconciliation of net loss to comprehensive loss for the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2005			2004			2005			2004
	(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Net loss	$	(3,414	)	$	(7,041	)	$	(18,856	)	$	(25,431	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale		13			12			24			(37	)

Comprehensive loss	$	(3,401	)	$	(7,029	)	$	(18,832	)	$	(25,468	)

Stock-based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 25,Accounting for Stock Issued to Employeesand its related Interpretations, which state that no compensation expense is recorded for stock options or other stock-based awards to employees and directors that are granted with an exercise price equal to or above the fair value per share of the Company’s common stock per share on the grant date. In the event that stock options are granted with an exercise price below the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date, the difference between the fair value of the Company’s common stock and the exercise price of the stock option is recorded as deferred compensation. Deferred compensation is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting period of the stock option. For stock options granted to its employees and directors, the Company has adopted the disclosure-only requirements of SFAS No. 123,Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, which require compensation expense to be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements based on the fair value of the options granted at the date of the grant. Compensation expense for options granted to non-employees other than directors has been determined in accordance with SFAS No. 123 and EITF Issue No. 96-18,Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling Goods or Services. Such expense is based on the fair value of the options issued using the Black-Scholes method and is periodically remeasured as the underlying options vest in accordance with EITF Issue No. 96-18. Deferred compensation for restricted stock granted to employees has been determined as the quoted market value on the date the restricted stock was granted.

The following pro forma information regarding net loss and net loss per share has been determined as-if the Company had accounted for its employee and director stock options under the fair value method prescribed by SFAS No. 123.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2005			2004			2005			2004
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)						(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$	(3,414	)	$	(7,041	)	$	(18,856	)	$	(25,606	)
Add: Stock-based employee compensation included in reported net loss		358			904			1,418			4,189
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation determined under fair value based method for all awards		(1,053	)		(865	)		(3,031	)		(3,847	)

Pro forma net loss	$	(4,109	)	$	(7,002	)	$	(20,469	)	$	(25,264	)

Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted — as reported	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.32	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(1.65	)

Basic and diluted — pro forma	$	(0.16	)	$	(0.31	)	$	(0.87	)	$	(1.63	)

The fair value of options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004 were estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model with the assumptions stated below.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2005			2004			2005			2004
Risk-free interest rate		4.04	%		3.40	%		3.99	%		3.09	%
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%
Volatility factors of the expected market price of the Company’s common stock		70	%		70	%		70	%		70	%
Weighted-average expected life of option (years)		5			5			5			5

The effects of applying SFAS No. 123 for providing pro forma disclosures may not be representative of the effect on reported net loss for future years.

Licensing and Co-Development Agreement

On June 1, 2005, the Company entered into a License and Co-Development Agreement with Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd., a Novartis AG company, for the development and potential commercialization of ANA975 and potentially additional Toll-Like Receptor oral prodrugs for chronic hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections, as well as other potential infectious disease indications. The effectiveness of the collaboration agreement was subject to clearance under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act (“HSR Act”). After approximately 30 days, the waiting period under the HSR Act expired, and as a result the collaboration agreement became effective on July 7, 2005.

During July, the Company received from Novartis an upfront license payment of $20 million, and in September received a $10 million milestone payment triggered by the acceptance of its Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application with the United States Food and Drug Administration for ANA975. The Company could receive up to an additional $540 million for achievement of specified development, regulatory and sales milestones. The Company will defer the up front payment of $20 million and the $10 million IND milestone payment and will amortize both amounts into revenue on a straight-line basis over the estimated development

period for ANA975. The $10 million IND milestone is being amortized over the estimated development period of ANA975 as the Company believed that its achievability was reasonably assured at the execution of the agreement.

Under the collaboration agreement, Novartis will fund 80.5% of the global development costs of the lead product candidate, and the Company will fund 19.5% of the global development costs, subject to certain limitations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005, the Company recorded $3.6 million as an offset to research and development expense, which represents an estimate of Novartis’ share (80.5%) of ANA975 expenses incurred by the Company from June 1, 2005 through September 30, 2005.

Common Stock Offering

On August 10, 2005, the Company completed a public offering in which the Company sold 5,750,000 shares of common stock, including 750,000 shares issued upon the exercise of an option granted to the underwriters to cover over-allotments, at a public offering price of $12.40 per share. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $66.4 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement No. 123 (revised 2004),Share Based Payment(“SFAS No. 123R”), which is a revision of S FAS No. 123. This statement supersedes APB No. 25, and amends SFAS No. 95,Statement of Cash Flows. Generally, the approach in SFAS No. 123R is similar to the approach described in SFAS No. 123; however, SFAS No. 123R requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative.

SFAS No. 123R permits companies to adopt its requirements using either a “modified prospective” method or a “modified retrospective” method. Under the “modified prospective” method, compensation cost is recognized in the financial statements beginning with the effective date of SFAS No. 123R, based on the requirements of SFAS No. 123R for all share-based payments granted after that date, and based on the requirements for SFAS No. 123 for all unvested awards granted prior to the effective date of SFAS No. 123R. Under the “modified retrospective” method, the requirements are the same as under the “modified prospective” method, but also permits companies to restate financial statements of previous periods based on pro forma disclosures made in accordance with SFAS No. 123. The Company currently utilizes the Black-Scholes model to measure the fair value of stock options granted to employees under the pro forma disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123. While SFAS No. 123R permits companies to continue to use such model, it also permits the use of a “lattice” model. The Company has not yet determined which method or model it will use to measure the fair value of employee stock options under the adoption for SFAS No. 123R. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after June 15, 2005, and the Company expects to adopt SFAS No. 123R on January 1, 2006.

The Company currently accounts for share-based payments to employees using APB No. 25’s intrinsic value method and, as such, recognizes no compensation cost for employee stock options granted with exercise prices equal to or greater than the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. Accordingly, the adoption of SFAS No. 123R’s fair value method is expected to result in significant non-cash charges which will increase the Company’s reported operating expenses, however, it will have no impact on the Company’s cash flows. The impact of adoption of SFAS No. 123R cannot be predicted at this time because it will depend on the level of share-based payments granted in the future and the model the Company chooses to use to measure the fair value of such share-based payments. However, had the Company adopted SFAS No. 123R in prior periods, the impact of that standard would have approximated the impact of SFAS No. 123 as described in the disclosure of pro forma net loss above.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) and the audited financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004 included with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2005. Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in future periods.

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements include statements about our strategies, objectives, discoveries, collaborations, clinical trials, internal programs, and other statements that are not historical facts, including statements which may be preceded by the words “intend,” “will,” “plan,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “aim,” “believe,” “hope” or similar words. For such statements, we claim the protection of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers of this Quarterly Report are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially from our expectations. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated or implied by our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risk factors identified in our SEC reports, including this Quarterly Report.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company committed to advancing patient care by discovering, developing and commercializing novel small molecule medicines for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (“HCV”), hepatitis B virus (“HBV”) and other serious infections. To date we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the development of our proprietary drug discovery technologies, general research and development and preclinical and clinical testing of isatoribine, a Toll-Like Receptor 7 agonist, ANA975, which is an oral prodrug of isatoribine, and our other product candidates. In June 2005, we entered into a global license and co-development agreement with Novartis to develop, manufacture and commercialize ANA975 and additional Toll-Like Receptor 7 oral prodrugs for chronic HCV and HBV infections, as well as other potential infectious disease indications. In addition, our therapeutic platform, which includes core capabilities in Toll-Like Receptor-based small molecules and structure-based drug design coupled with medicinal chemistry, is designed to advance a pipeline of drug candidates into the clinic. We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and, as of September 30, 2005, our accumulated deficit was $184.7 million. We expect to incur substantial and increasing losses for at least the next several years as we:

	•		fund our portion of the development of ANA975 for the treatment of HCV and HBV;

	•		fund our portion of the global development costs of ANA380;

	•		continue the development of our other product candidates;

	•		advance our preclinical candidates into clinical development;

	•		develop and scale-up products for clinical trials and potential commercialization;

	•		further our research and development programs;

	•		establish a commercial infrastructure;

	•		commercialize any product candidates that receive regulatory approval; and

	•		potentially in-license technology and acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies that are synergistic with our own.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We review our estimates on an on-going basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition.We may receive payments from collaborators for compound licenses, technology access fees, option fees, research services, milestones and royalty obligations. These payments are recognized as revenue or reported as deferred revenue until they meet the criteria for revenue recognition as outlined in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”), No. 104,Revenue Recognition, which provides guidance on revenue recognition in financial statements, and is based on the interpretations and practices developed by the SEC, and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue 00-21,Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.We recognize revenue when (1) persuasive evidence of the arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services were rendered; (3) the price is fixed or determinable and (4) the collectibility is reasonably assured. In addition, we have followed the following principles in recognizing revenue:

•		Revenue from milestones is recognized when earned, as evidenced by written acknowledgment from the collaborator or other persuasive evidence that the milestone has been achieved, provided that (i) the milestone event is substantive and its achievability was not reasonably assured at the inception of the agreement, (ii) our performance obligations after the milestone achievement will continue to be funded by the collaborator at the comparable level and (iii) the milestone is not refundable or creditable. If all of these criteria are not met, the milestone payment is recognized over the remaining minimum period of our performance obligations under the agreement. Upfront fees under our collaborations, such as technology access fees, are recognized over the period the related services are provided. Non-refundable upfront fees not associated with our future performance are recognized when received.

•		Fees that we receive for research services are generally recognized as the services are provided, as long as the amounts received are not refundable regardless of the results of the research project. Research services may include agreements through which we will deploy our internal capabilities to assist a collaborator to advance their target, such as our medicinal chemistry and screening capabilities.

Drug Development Costs.We account for certain compound manufacturing costs, clinical trial site costs, joint development costs and drug development costs by estimating the services incurred but not reported. We review and accrue drug development costs based on work performed, which relies on estimates of total costs incurred based on patient enrollment, completion of studies and other events. These costs and estimates vary based on the type of clinical trial, the site of the clinical trial and the length of treatment period for each subject as well as other factors. Drug development costs are subject to revisions as trials and studies progress to completion. Revisions are charged to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.

The above listing is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP. There are also areas in which our management’s judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result. See our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which contains accounting policies and other disclosures required by GAAP.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R,Share Based Payment,that addresses the accounting for share-based payment transactions in which a company receives employee services in exchange for either equity instruments of the company or liabilities that are based on the fair value of the company’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments. The statement eliminates the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using the intrinsic method that we currently use and requires that such transactions be accounted for using a fair-value-based method and recognized as expense in our statement of operations. The effective date of the standard is for annual periods beginning after June 15, 2005 and we expect to adopt SFAS No. 123R on January 1, 2006. Upon adoption of this standard we expect that it will have a significant impact on our statement of operations as we will be required to expense the fair value of our stock option grants and stock purchases under our employee stock purchase plan.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2005 and 2004

Revenue.We recorded revenues of $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $356,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2004. Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2005 was attributable to revenues derived from our collaborations with Novartis and Roche and, to a lesser extent, our Phase II SBIR grant from the National Institutes of Health. Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2004 was attributable to our collaboration with Roche and, to a lesser extent, our Phase II SBIR grant from the National Institutes of Health. Fluctuations in our collaboration-related revenue from period to period are expected, as amounts recognized are dependent upon a number of factors including, but not limited to, the timing of agreements, the timing of the workflow under the agreements, our collaborators’ abilities to provide us with the materials and information necessary for us to conduct our portion of the collaboration effort and the occurrence of events that may trigger milestone payments to us. We expect our revenues to continue to fluctuate in future periods as we perform activities under existing agreements and may enter into new agreements.

Research and Development Expenses.Research and development expenses were $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2004. The decrease in research and

development expenses was primarily attributable to the recording of $3.6 million as an offset to research and development expense, which represents an estimate of Novartis’ share (80.5%) of ANA975 expenses incurred by us from June 1, 2005 through September 30, 2005. This decrease was offset by increased costs associated with the development of ANA975 including clinical trial costs and costs associated with compound manufacturing and safety studies. Research and development expenses for the quarter ended September 30, 2005 included $2.0 million of costs associated with our on-going Phase I clinical trials for ANA975.

The following summarizes our research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2005			2004
	(In thousands)
Direct external costs:
Isatoribine and family of compounds, excluding ANA975	$	26		$	661
ANA975		3,119			438
ANA380		172			81
Unallocated direct internal costs		677			536
Unallocated indirect internal costs and overhead		3,046			3,368
Reimbursement of ANA975 costs by Novartis		(3,592	)		—

Total research and development expense	$	3,448		$	5,084

General and Administrative Expenses.General and administrative expenses were $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005, which was relatively consistent with the general and administrative expenses of $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2004.

Stock-based Compensation.Deferred compensation for stock options and stock awards granted has been determined as the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. Options or awards issued to non-employees are recorded at their fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 123 and periodically remeasured in accordance with EITF 96-18 and recognized over the service period. In conjunction with our initial public offering, we reviewed our historical exercise prices through March 25, 2004 and, as a result, revised our estimate of fair value for stock options granted subsequent to July 1, 2002 through the date of our initial public offering. With respect to these options, we recorded deferred stock-based compensation for the difference between the original exercise price per share determined by the Board of Directors and our revised estimate of fair value per shares at the respective grant dates. We recorded these amounts as a component of stockholders’ equity and are amortizing these amounts, on an accelerated basis, as a non-cash charge to operations over the vesting period of the options. We recorded stock-based compensation of $532,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $846,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2004. We had no significant issuances of employee options or warrants during 2005 that required us to record stock-based compensation expenses.

Interest Income and Other, net.Interest income was $635,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $160,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2004. The overall increase in our interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2005 is the direct result of the receipt of the following amounts which were invested into interest bearing securities: the receipt of an up front license payment of $20 million from Novartis in July 2005, the receipt of $66.4 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs, from our follow-on public offering of common stock in August 2005, and the receipt of a $10 million milestone payment from Novartis triggered by the acceptance of our Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in September 2005.

Interest Expense.Interest expense was $63,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2005, which was relatively consistent with the interest expense of $50,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2004.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 and 2004

Revenue.We recorded revenues of $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004. Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was attributable to revenues derived from our collaborations with Novartis and Roche and, to a lesser extent, our collaboration with Daiichi and our Phase II SBIR grant from the National Institutes of Health. Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 was attributable to our collaborations with Daiichi and Roche and, to a lesser extent, our collaboration with Amgen and our Phase II SBIR grant from the National Institutes of Health. Fluctuations in our collaboration-related revenue from period to period are expected, as amounts recognized are dependent upon a number of factors including, but not limited to, the timing of agreements, the timing of the workflow under the agreements, our collaborators’ abilities to provide us with the materials and information necessary for us to conduct our portion of the collaboration effort and the occurrence of events that may trigger milestone payments to us. We expect our revenues to continue to fluctuate in future periods as we perform activities under existing agreements and may enter into new agreements.

Research and Development Expenses.Research and development expenses were $15.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $18.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004. The decrease in research and development expenses was a result of the inclusion of $3.6 million as an offset to research and development expense, which represents an estimate of Novartis’ share (80.5%) of ANA975 expenses incurred by us from June 1, 2005 through September 30, 2005, for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and the inclusion of a one-time $4.0 million license fee paid to LG Life Sciences (“LGLS”) in our research and development expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2004. . This decrease was offset by increased costs associated with the development of ANA975 including clinical trial costs, costs associated with compound manufacturing and safety studies. Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 included $2.8 million associated with our on-going Phase I clinical trials for ANA975.

The following summarizes our research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004:


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2005			2004
	(In thousands)
Direct external costs:
Isatoribine and family of compounds, excluding ANA975	$	567		$	1,723
ANA975		7,262			615
ANA380		194			4,601
Unallocated direct internal costs		2,344			1,490
Unallocated indirect internal costs and overhead		9,137			9,842
Reimbursement of ANA975 costs by Novartis		(3,592	)		—

Total research and development expense	$	15,912		$	18,271

General and Administrative Expenses.General and administrative expenses were $5.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004. The $900,000 increase from the nine months ended September 30, 2004 to the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was primarily related to an increase in our Directors and Officers insurance premium as a result of our initial public offering which was completed in March 2004 and an increase in personnel and recruiting expenses.

Stock-based Compensation.Deferred compensation for stock options and stock awards granted has been determined as the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. Options or awards issued to non-employees are recorded at their fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 123 and periodically remeasured in accordance with EITF 96-18 and recognized over the service period. In conjunction with the our initial public offering, we reviewed our historical exercise prices through March 25, 2004 and, as a result, revised our estimate of fair value for stock options granted subsequent to July 1, 2002 through the date of our initial public offering. With respect to these options, we recorded deferred stock-based compensation for the difference between the original exercise price per share determined by the Board of Directors and our revised estimate of fair value per shares at the respective grant dates. We recorded these amounts as a component of stockholders’ equity and are amortizing these amounts, on an accelerated basis, as a non-cash charge to operations over the vesting period of the options. We recorded stock-based compensation of $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004. We had no significant issuances of employee options or warrants during 2005 that required us to record stock-based compensation expenses.

Interest Income and Other, net.Interest income was $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $283,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2004. The overall increase in our interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 is the direct result of the receipt of the following amounts which were invested into interest bearing securities: the receipt of an up-front license payment of $20 million from Novartis in July 2005, the receipt of $66.4 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs, from our follow-on public offering of common stock in August 2005, and the receipt of a $10 million milestone payment from Novartis triggered by the acceptance of our IND application by the FDA in September 2005.

Interest Expense.Interest expense was $267,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, which was relatively consistent with the interest expense of $170,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2004.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2005, we had cash, cash equivalents, and securities available-for-sale of $112.3 million. To date, we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities and payments received pursuant to our License and Co-Development Agreement with Novartis as well as through equipment financing. Through September 30, 2005, we had received approximately $237.8 million from the sale of equity securities. In addition, as of September 30, 2005, we had financed through loans the purchase of equipment totalling approximately $10.1 million, of which $1.9 million in loans was outstanding at that date. These obligations are secured by the purchased equipment and leasehold improvements, bear interest at rates ranging from approximately 8.6% to 10.0% and are due in monthly installments through August 2009.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities and Investing Activities:

Our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows are summarized as follows:


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2005			2004
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	12,734		$	(19,052	)


Cash provided by (used in) investing activities:

Purchase of securities available-for-sale	$	(8,294	)	$	(30,027	)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of securities available-for-sale		25,109			1,033
Purchase of property and equipment		(652	)		(632	)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment		—			35


Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	16,163		$	(29,591	)

Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities increased by $31.8 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2004 to the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The increase was primarily a result of an increase in deferred revenue attributable to the receipt of an up front license payment of $20 million from Novartis in July 2005 and the receipt of a $10 million milestone payment from Novartis triggered by the acceptance of our IND application by the FDA in September 2005. Both the up front license payment of $20 million and the $10 million IND milestone payment are being recognized into revenue over the estimated development period for ANA975. As of September 30, 2005, the Company has recorded $29.0 million of deferred revenue related to these two payments. The increase in deferred revenue was offset by the $18.9 million net operating loss of the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2005.

Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities increased by $45.8 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2004 to the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The increase was primarily the result of the investment in securities available-for-sale of $43.7 million from our initial public offering during the nine months ended September 30, 2004 offset by the use of the proceeds from our sale and maturity of securities available-for-sale during the nine months ended September 30, 2005 to fund the on-going operations of the Company.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows are summarized as follows:


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2005			2004
	(In thousands)
Cash provided by financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of issuance costs	$	66,435		$	43,736
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan		817			280
Proceeds from long-term debt		393			1,198
Principal payments on long-term debt		(1,088	)		(846	)


Net cash provided by financing activities	$	66,557		$	44,368

Cash flows provided by financing activities increased by $22.2 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2004 to the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The increase was primarily a result of the receipt of $66.4 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs from our follow-on public offering of common stock completed during August 2005 offset by the receipt of $43.7 million from our initial public offering completed during March and April 2004.

Aggregate Contractual Obligations

The following summarizes our long-term contractual obligations as of September 30, 2005 (In thousands):


			Less than		2006 to		2009 to
Contractual Obligations	Total		1 year		2008		2010		Thereafter
Operating leases	$	7,041	$	1,764	$	5,277	$	—	$	—
Equipment financing		1,879		1,042		835		2		—
Minimum royalty commitment		1,025		50		275		200		500


	$	9,945	$	2,856	$	6,387	$	202	$	500

We also enter into agreements with clinical sites and contract research organizations that conduct our clinical trials. We generally make payments to these entities based upon the number of subjects enrolled and the length of their participation in the trials. To date, the majority of our clinical costs have been related to the costs of subjects entering our clinical trials as well as the manufacturing of compounds to be used in our clinical trials. Costs associated with clinical trials will continue to vary as the trials go through their natural phases of enrollment and follow-up. Our portion of the costs will also be influenced by the pace and timing of the development activities conducted under our joint development agreements with our collaborators, including Novartis and LGLS. At this time, due to the risks inherent in the clinical trial process and given the early stage of development of our product development programs, we are unable to estimate with any certainty the total costs we will incur in the continued development of our clinical candidates for potential commercialization. Due to these same factors, we are unable to determine the anticipated completion dates for our current product development programs. Clinical development timelines, probability of success and development costs vary widely. While currently we are focused on advancing each of our discovery, pre-clinical and clinical programs, we anticipate that we will make determinations as to which programs to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program on an ongoing basis in response to the scientific and clinical success of each product candidate, as well as an ongoing assessment of the product candidate’s commercial potential. In addition, we cannot forecast with any degree of certainty which currently un-partnered product candidates will be subject to future partnering, when such arrangements will be secured, if at all, and to what degree such arrangements would affect our development plans and capital requirements. As a result, we cannot be certain when and to what extent we will receive cash inflows from the commercialization of our drug candidates.

We expect our development expenses to be substantial and to increase as we continue the advancement of our development programs. The lengthy process of completing clinical trials and seeking regulatory approval for our product candidates requires the expenditure of substantial resources. Any failure by us or delay in completing clinical trials, or in obtaining regulatory approvals, could cause our research and development expenses to increase and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Overview of Financial Position and Future Cash Requirements

Our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2005, compared to our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2004, was primarily impacted by the increase in cash, cash equivalents and securities available-for-sale of $78.7 million which represents the receipt of funds from the following events: the receipt of an up front license payment of $20 million from Novartis in July 2005, the receipt of $66.4 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs, from our follow-on public offering of common stock in August 2005, and the receipt of a $10 million milestone payment from Novartis triggered by the acceptance of our IND application by the FDA in September 2005. As of September 30, 2005, the Company has recorded $29.0 million of deferred revenue related to the two Novartis payments.

Our future capital uses and requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors include but are not limited to the following:

	•		the progress of our clinical trials;

	•		the progress of our research activities;

	•		the number and scope of our research programs;

	•		the progress of our preclinical development activities;

	•		our ability to establish and maintain strategic collaborations;

	•		the costs involved in enforcing or defending patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

	•		the costs involved in enforcing or defending patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

	•		the pace and timing of development activities conducted under joint development agreements with our collaborators;

	•		the costs and timing of regulatory approvals;

	•		the costs of establishing or expanding manufacturing, sales and distribution capabilities;

	•		the costs related to development and manufacture of pre-clinical, clinical and validation lots for regulatory and commercialization of drug supply;

	•		the success of the commercialization of ANA380 or ANA975; and

	•		the extent to which we acquire or invest in other products, technologies and businesses.

As a component of research and development expense, we have recorded our share of ANA380 development expenses incurred by LGLS, net of LGLS’s portion of our costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005. We estimate our share of joint development costs based on information provided to us by LGLS and based upon the current development plan for ANA380. In connection with the execution of the agreement, we paid a licensing fee of $4 million during May 2004 to LGLS. In addition, we may be required to make additional milestone payments totaling up to $25.5 million, subject to the attainment of product development and commercialization objectives. We will pay royalties on any product sales in our sales territory to LGLS and will receive royalties on any product sales in China from LGLS.

On June 1, 2005, we entered into a License and Co-Development Agreement with Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd., a Novartis AG company, for the development and potential commercialization of ANA975 and potentially additional Toll-Like Receptor (“TLR7”) oral prodrugs for chronic HCV and HBV infections, as well as other potential infectious disease indications. Under the collaboration agreement, the parties will collaborate to develop one or more isatoribine prodrugs or other TLR7 compounds for the treatment of HCV and HBV. Under the collaboration, we may receive up to $540 million for the achievement of specified development, regulatory and sales milestones.

Under the collaboration agreement, Novartis will fund 80.5% of the global development costs of the lead product candidate, and we will fund 19.5% of such development costs, subject to certain limitations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005, we have recorded $3.6 million as an offset to research and development expense, which represents an estimate of Novartis’ share (80.5%) of ANA975 expenses incurred by us from June 1, 2005 through September 30, 2005. As we progress through the development plan for ANA975, more responsibility and related expenses for the clinical trials will transition from us to Novartis with reimbursement for research and development expenditures then flowing from us to Novartis.

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and securities available-for-sale and revenues we may generate from our current collaborations will be sufficient to meet our projected operating requirements for at least the next fiscal year. We expect to incur substantial losses for at least the next several years as we continue our research and development activities, including manufacturing and development expenses for compounds in preclinical and clinical studies. We anticipate that our current cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and funding that we expect to receive from collaborators will enable us to maintain our currently planned operations for at least the next fiscal year. Changes to our current operating plan may require us to consume available capital resources significantly sooner than we expect.

Until we can generate significant cash from our operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with existing cash resources that were primarily generated from the proceeds of offerings of our equity securities, cash receipts from collaboration agreements and from equipment and leasehold improvement financing. In addition, we may finance future cash needs through the sale of other equity securities, strategic collaboration agreements and debt financing. However, we may not be successful in obtaining collaboration agreements, or in receiving milestone or royalty payments under those agreements. In addition, we cannot be sure that our existing cash and securities available-for-sale resources will be adequate or that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or our stockholders. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate some or all of our research or development programs or to relinquish greater or all rights to product candidates at an earlier stage of development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose. Failure to obtain adequate financing also may adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, substantial dilution to existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business.

As of September 30, 2005 and 2004, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts. As such, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these relationships.

Risk Factors

You should consider carefully the following information about the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this Quarterly Report and in our other public filings before making any investment decisions regarding our stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock would likely decline, and you may lose all or part of the money you paid to buy our common stock.

Risks Related to Our Business

We are at an early stage of development, and we may never attain product sales.

Our existing organizational structure was formed in May 2000. Since then, most of our resources have been dedicated to the development of our proprietary drug discovery technologies, research and development and preclinical and early stage clinical testing of compounds. Any compounds discovered or in-licensed by us will require extensive and costly development, preclinical testing and clinical trials prior to seeking regulatory approval for commercial sales. Our most advanced product candidates, ANA380 and ANA975 and any other compounds we discover or in-license, may never be approved for commercial sales. The time required to attain product sales and profitability is lengthy and highly uncertain and we cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve or maintain product sales.

We expect our net operating losses to continue for at least several years and we are unable to predict the extent of future losses or when we will become profitable, if ever.

We have incurred net operating losses since our incorporation in 1992 and through September 30, 2005 we have an accumulated deficit of $184.7 million. Our operating losses are due in large part to the significant research and development costs required to identify and validate potential product candidates and conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials of isatoribine, ANA971 and ANA975. To date, we have generated limited revenues, consisting of one-time or limited payments associated with our collaborations or grants, and we do not anticipate generating product revenues for at least several years, if ever. We expect to increase our operating expenses over at least the next several years as we plan to fund our share of the development costs of ANA975 and ANA380, further our research and development activities and potentially acquire or license new technologies and product candidates. As a result, we expect to continue to incur significant and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with our research and product development efforts, we are unable to predict the extent of any future losses or when we will become profitable, if ever. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on an ongoing basis.

The technologies on which we rely are unproven, and may not result in the discovery or development of commercially viable products.

Our proprietary technologies and methods of identifying, prioritizing and screening molecular targets represent unproven approaches to the identification of drug leads that may possess therapeutic potential. Much of our research focuses on the biology of a specific receptor, or protein, named Toll-like receptor 7, or TLR7, and on structure-based drug design. However, structure-based drug design is difficult, time-onsuming and expensive. Additionally, the interaction between isatoribine and TLR7 represents a new mechanism of action for the treatment of HCV and there is no guarantee that an acceptable balance between therapeutic benefit and risk will be achieved with ANA975 in HCV infected patients. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that TLR biology will result in an acceptable balance between therapeutic benefit and risk in any other therapeutic area, such as cancer, asthma, allergies or vaccine adjuvants. There are no drugs on the market that have been discovered or developed using our proprietary technologies. The process of successfully discovering product candidates is expensive, time-consuming and unpredictable, and the historical rate of failure for drug candidates is extremely high. Research programs to identify product candidates require a substantial amount of our technical, financial and human resources even if no product candidates are identified. If we are unable to identify new product candidates using our proprietary drug discovery technologies or capabilities, we may not be able to establish or maintain a clinical development pipeline or generate product revenue.

We currently depend on one collaboration partner, Novartis, for substantially all our revenues and for commercialization of one of our lead product candidates, and we may depend on Novartis for commercialization of other product candidates. If our development, license and commercialization agreement with Novartis terminates, our business and, in particular, our drug development programs, will be seriously harmed.

In July 2005, we received a $20 million license fee from Novartis in connection with the license of our product candidate ANA 975 under a development, license and commercialization agreement with Novartis, dated June 1, 2005, which we refer to as the collaboration agreement. Novartis has the option to evaluate and potentially license our rights to ANA380 and additional product

candidates from us. If it does so, we are entitled to receive additional license fees and payments. We may derive substantially all of our near term revenues from Novartis. Novartis may terminate the development agreement in any country or with respect to any product or product candidate licensed under the development agreement for any reason. If the development agreement is terminated in whole or in part and we are unable to enter similar arrangements with other collaborators, our business would be materially and adversely affected.

The success of ANA975 depends heavily on our collaboration with Novartis, which was established only recently. If Novartis is unwilling to further develop or commercialize ANA975, or experiences significant delays in doing so, our business may be materially harmed.

As a result of the joint development aspect of our collaboration agreement with Novartis, the future success of our HCV and HBV programs and the continued funding from Novartis will depend in large part on our ability to maintain our relationship with Novartis with respect to ANA975. We do not have a significant history of working together with Novartis and cannot predict the success of the collaboration. We cannot guarantee that Novartis will not reduce or curtail its efforts to develop ANA975 with us because of changes in its research and development budget, its internal development priorities or other factors affecting its business or operations. If we are not able to maintain a positive relationship with Novartis with respect to ANA975, we may not be able to effectively develop or commercialize products based on ANA975, in which case our HCV development and commercialization efforts could be significantly impaired. If we materially breach this agreement and are unable within an agreed time period to cure such breach, the agreement may be terminated by Novartis and we may be required to grant Novartis an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and/or sell such products. Any loss of Novartis as a collaborator in the development or commercialization of ANA975, dispute over terms of, or decisions regarding the collaboration or other adverse developments in our relationship with Novartis would materially harm our business and might accelerate our need for additional capital.

Novartis has the right under certain circumstances to market and sell products that compete with the product candidates and products that we license to it, and any competition by Novartis could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Novartis may under certain circumstances market, sell, promote or license, competitive products. Novartis has significantly greater financial, technical and human resources than we have and is better equipped to discover, develop, manufacture and commercialize products. In addition, Novartis has more extensive experience in preclinical studies and clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and manufacturing and marketing pharmaceutical products. Moreover, any direct or indirect competition with Novartis with respect to products that we have licensed to them could result in confusion in the market. In the event that Novartis competes with us, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

We are dependent on the commercial success of ANA975 or another oral prodrug of isatoribine or other TLR7 agonists and we cannot be certain that ANA975 or any other oral prodrug of isatoribine or other TLR7 agonists will be commercialized.

Our work with ANA975 to date has been limited to pre-clinical studies and early stage clinical trials in a small number of healthy volunteers. However, we have expended significant time, money and effort in the clinical trials of isatoribine and ANA971. Because the underlying mechanism of action for ANA975 is the same as for isatoribine and ANA971, we expect that the knowledge derived from our clinical development of isatoribine and ANA971 should help to accelerate the development of ANA975. Nonetheless, we will have to spend considerable additional time, money and effort before seeking regulatory approval to market any product candidates, including ANA975. Our business prospects depend primarily on our ability to successfully complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory approvals and successfully commercialize ANA975, another oral prodrug of isatoribine or another TLR7 agonist. If we fail to commercialize ANA975, another oral prodrug of isatoribine, or another TLR7 agonist we may be unable to generate sufficient revenues to attain profitability and our reputation in the industry and in the investment community would likely be significantly damaged, each of which would cause our stock price to decrease.

Because the results of preclinical studies and initial clinical trials of isatoribine, ANA975 and ANA380 are not necessarily predictive of future results, we can provide no assurances that ANA975 or ANA380 will have favorable results in later clinical trials, or receive regulatory approval.

Positive results from preclinical studies or early clinical trials should not be relied upon as evidence that later or larger-scale clinical trials will succeed. Initial clinical trials of isatoribine, ANA975 and ANA380 have been conducted only in small numbers of patients that may not fully represent the diversity present in larger populations infected with HCV or HBV. The limited results we have obtained may not predict results from studies in larger numbers of patients drawn from more diverse populations, and also may not predict the ability of isatoribine to achieve a sustained virologic response or the ability of ANA380 to provide a long-term therapeutic benefit. These initial trials have not been designed to assess the long-term therapeutic utility of isatoribine, ANA975 or ANA380. We will be required to demonstrate through larger-scale clinical trials that ANA975 and ANA380 are safe and effective for use in a diverse population before we can seek regulatory approvals for their commercial sale. There is typically an extremely high rate of attrition from the failure of drug candidates proceeding through clinical trials. If ANA975, ANA380, or any other product candidate, fails to demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy in any clinical trial, we would experience potentially significant delays in,

or be required to abandon, development of that product candidate. If we delay or abandon our development efforts related ANA975 or ANA380, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenues to become profitable, and our reputation in the industry and in the investment community would likely be significantly damaged, each of which would cause our stock price to decrease significantly.

Although we have an active IND to conduct clinical trials of ANA975 for HCV in the U.S., we will need to file an additional IND application to conduct trials of ANA975 for HBV in the U.S. and will need to continue our dialogue with the FDA as we conduct additional trials of ANA975 in the U.S. for either indication.

We are currently conducting a clinical trial of ANA975 for HCV in the U.S., under a recently filed and accepted IND and clinical trails in the U.K., in accordance with applicable European Union national regulations. We will need to file an additional IND application, which will be largely based on the existing IND, before commencing clinical trials for the HBV indication in the U.S. Although we view it as unlikely, if we are unable to obtain FDA acceptance of an IND application for ANA975 for HBV, we will not be permitted to conduct clinical trials of ANA975 for HBV in the U.S. and ultimately seek or obtain U.S. regulatory approval for commercialization for this indication. In addition, as we prepare to conduct additional trials of ANA975 for HCV under the existing IND, we will need to continue the dialogue with the FDA to ensure that the FDA concurs with our proposed trial design . Conducting any such dialogue could potentially result in delays in the commencement of future clinical trials. As a result, any delay in either an IND becoming effective for the study of ANA975 as an HBV therapy or the commencement of future clinical trials of ANA975 could delay the further development of our lead product candidate and potential commercialization, adversely affect our collaborative relationship with Novartis and delay our ability to generate product sales.

We may not realize the anticipated benefits of the development and potential commercialization of ANA380.

In April 2004, we entered into an agreement with LGLS for the joint development and potential commercialization of ANA380. Under the terms of the agreement, we and LGLS are equally conducting and funding the global clinical development of ANA380 and LGLS has granted to us an exclusive license to commercialize ANA380 as a therapy for chronic HBV in North America, Europe, Japan and all other countries in the world other than China, Korea, India and countries in Southeast Asia. As a result of the joint development aspect of our agreement with LGLS, the future success of our HBV programs will depend in part on our ability to maintain our relationship with LGLS with respect to ANA380. We cannot guarantee that LGLS will not reduce or curtail its efforts to develop ANA380 with us because of changes in its research and development budget, its development priorities or other factors affecting its business or operations. If we are not able to maintain a positive relationship with LGLS with respect to ANA380, we may not be able to effectively develop or commercialize products based on ANA380, in which case our HBV development and potential commercialization efforts could be significantly impaired and our ability to generate anticipated product revenues may suffer. In addition, given the increased number of currently available treatments for HBV as well as those in development, we and LGLS are evaluating the market opportunity for ANA380. We and LGLS also are evaluating various cost-effective development alternatives for the advancement of ANA380. As part of this evaluation, we are assessing the overall projected costs of our ANA380 program and the potential market opportunity for ANA380 if it is ultimately commercialized as a treatment for HBV. As a result of this assessment, we have chosen to offer an option to our licensing rights in ANA380 to Novartis. For a limited period Novartis retains the exclusive option to evaluate and potentially license our rights to ANA380, which they may or may not choose to exercise. The exercise of this option may affect the collaborative relationship between us, Novartis and LGLS positively or negatively, and may affect the ANA975 Agreement and ultimately our reputation and prospects. If Novartis chooses not to exercise the ANA380 license option, we may look for other potential licensing parties or we may decide to substantially limit our development of ANA380.

Delays in the commencement of clinical testing of our current and potential product candidates could result in increased costs to us and delay our ability to generate revenues.

Our potential drug products and our collaborators’ potential drug products will require preclinical testing and extensive clinical trials prior to submission of any regulatory application for commercial sales. We commenced clinical trials of isatoribine in late 2002 and in February 2004 we commenced clinical trials of ANA971 and our joint development program with LGLS for ANA380. We recently commenced clinical trials of ANA975 in early 2005. As a result, we have very limited experience conducting clinical trials. In part because of this limited experience, we cannot be certain that planned clinical trials will begin or be completed on time, if at all. Delays in the commencement of clinical testing could significantly increase our product development costs and delay product commercialization. In addition, many of the factors that may cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate.

The commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in:

	•		Demonstrating sufficient safety and efficacy to obtain regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial;

	•		Reaching an agreement on acceptable terms with our collaborators on all aspects of the clinical trial, including the contract research organizations and the trial sites;

	•		reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations and trial sites;

	•		Manufacturing sufficient quantities or producing drug meeting our quality standards of a product candidate;

	•		obtaining approval of an IND application or proposed trial design from the FDA; and

	•		obtaining institutional review board approval to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site.

In addition, the commencement of clinical trials may be delayed due to insufficient patient enrollment, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the availability of effective treatments for the relevant disease, and the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial.

Delays in the completion of, or the termination of, clinical testing of our current and potential product candidates could result in increased costs to us and delay or prevent us from generating revenues.

Once a clinical trial has begun, it may be delayed, suspended or terminated by us, our collaborators, or the FDA, or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:

	•		ongoing discussions with the FDA or other regulatory authorities regarding the scope or design of our clinical trials;

	•		failure to conduct clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements;

	•		lower than anticipated enrollment or retention rate of patients in clinical trials;

	•		inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold;

	•		lack of adequate funding to continue clinical trials;

	•		negative results of clinical trials;

	•		requests by the FDA for supplemental information on, or clarification of, the results of clinical trials conducted in other countries;

	•		insufficient supply or deficient quality of drug candidates or other materials necessary for the conduct of our clinical trials; or

	•		serious adverse events or other undesirable drug-related side effects experienced by participants.

Many of the factors that may lead to a delay, suspension or termination of clinical testing of a current or potential product candidate may also ultimately lead to denial of regulatory approval of a current or potential product candidate. If we experience delays in the completion of, or termination of, clinical testing, our financial results and the commercial prospects for our product candidates may be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues will be delayed.

The success of the clinical development program of ANA380 will depend, at least in part, on our or our collaborators’ ability to maintain a positive working relationship with the FDA and other regulatory authorities, and the failure to do so may harm or delay our ability to commercialize ANA380 in the U.S. or other countries.

Although a U.S. IND covering ANA380 has been filed with the FDA, to date no clinical trials of ANA380 have been conducted in the U.S. As a result, if we or our collaborators proceed with the development of ANA380 in the U.S., the FDA may subject the clinical trial design for ANA380 to additional scrutiny and we may incur additional costs and delays responding to potential future FDA requests for supplemental information or clarification. Any delay imposed by the FDA regarding conducting clinical trials of ANA380 in the U.S. could delay the further development of our lead HBV product candidate and its potential commercialization and delay our ability to generate product sales. In addition, due to the structure of our joint development program with LGLS for the clinical development of ANA380, we do not have complete control over the design of the clinical trials of ANA380 and will be affected, at least in part, by decisions previously made by LGLS with respect to clinical trial structure and communications with

regulatory authorities. If we pursue the development of ANA380 in the U.S., we will need to and maintain open communication channels with regulatory authorities, including the FDA. If we are unable to do so within our desired timeframe, our clinical development plan in the U.S. and other countries may be delayed and our ability to generate revenues may suffer.

If our efforts to obtain rights to new products or product candidates from third parties do not yield product candidates for clinical development or are not otherwise successful, we may not generate product revenues or achieve profitability.

Our long term ability to earn product revenue depends on our ability to identify, through internal research programs, potential product candidates that may be developed into new pharmaceutical products and/or obtain new products or product candidates through licenses from third parties. If our internal research programs to discover and develop small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases do not generate sufficient product candidates, we will need to obtain rights to new products or product candidates from third parties. We may be unable to obtain suitable product candidates or products from third parties for a number of reasons, including:

	•		we may be unable to purchase or license products or product candidates on terms that would allow us to make an appropriate return from resulting products;

	•		competitors may be unwilling to assign or license product or product candidate rights to us; or

	•		we may be unable to identify suitable products or product candidates within, or complementary to, our areas of interest relating to small molecule anti-infective medicines and the treatment of HCV, HBV and bacterial infections.

If we are unable to obtain rights to new products or product candidates from third parties, our ability to generate product revenues and achieve profitability may suffer.

As we evolve from a company primarily involved in discovery and development to one also involved in commercialization, we may encounter difficulties in managing our growth and expanding our operations successfully.

We have experienced a period of rapid and substantial growth that has placed a strain on our administrative and operational infrastructure, and we anticipate that our continued growth will have a similar impact. As we advance our product candidates through clinical trials and regulatory approval processes, we will need to expand our development, regulatory, manufacturing, marketing and sales capabilities or contract with third parties to provide these capabilities for us. As our operations expand, we expect that we will need to manage additional relationships with various collaborative partners, suppliers and other third parties. Our ability to manage our operations and growth requires us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures. We may not be able to implement improvements to our management information and control systems in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing systems and controls that could expose us to an increased risk of incurring financial or accounting irregularities or fraud.

Because we acquired isatoribine from Valeant Pharmaceuticals International (formerly known as ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) any dispute with Valeant Pharmaceuticals International may adversely affect our ability to commercialize isatoribine or prodrugs of isatoribine.

In March 2000, we acquired the exclusive worldwide rights to isatoribine and five other compounds from Valeant Pharmaceuticals International (formerly known as ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), or Valeant, as part of an agreement with Valeant and Devron R. Averett, Ph.D. If there is any dispute between Valeant and us regarding our rights under the agreement, our ability to develop and market isatoribine or any other compound licensed from Valeant may be adversely affected. In the past we have been involved in disputes with Valeant regarding patent prosecution matters related to the licensed compounds and entered into a new agreement with Valeant in December 2002 that superseded the original license agreement and resolved these disputes. Valeant may develop technologies and products similar to the drugs we may derive from these compounds, which do not infringe the patents acquired by us. If we are not able to resolve any future license disputes that may arise or obtain adequate patent protection, our ability to develop isatoribine or the other relevant compounds may be compromised and we may not be able to prevent competitors, including Valeant, from making, using and selling competing products, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.

Even if we successfully complete clinical trials of ANA975, ANA380 or any future product candidate, there are no assurances that we will be able to submit, or obtain FDA approval of, a new drug application.

There can be no assurance that if our clinical trials of ANA975, ANA380 or any other potential product candidate are successfully completed, we will be able to submit a new drug application, or NDA, to the FDA or that any NDA we submit will be approved by the FDA in a timely manner, if at all. If we are unable to submit a NDA with respect to ANA975, ANA380 or any future product candidate, or if any NDA we submit is not approved by the FDA, we will be unable to commercialize that product in the U.S. The

FDA can and does reject NDAs and may require additional clinical trials, even when drug candidates performed well or achieved favorable results in large-scale Phase III clinical trials. If we fail to commercialize ANA975, ANA380 or any future product candidate in clinical trials, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenues to attain profitability and our reputation in the industry and in the investment community would likely be damaged, each of which would cause our stock price to decrease.

If we successfully develop products but those products do not achieve and maintain market acceptance, our business will not be profitable.

Even if ANA975, ANA380 or any future product candidates are approved for commercial sale by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, the degree of market acceptance of any approved product candidate by physicians, healthcare professionals and third-party payors and our profitability and growth will depend on a number of factors, including:

	•		our ability to provide acceptable evidence of safety and efficacy;

	•		relative convenience and ease of administration;

	•		the prevalence and severity of any adverse side effects;

	•		availability of alternative treatments;

	•		pricing and cost effectiveness;

	•		effectiveness of our or our collaborators’ sales and marketing strategy; and

	•		our ability to obtain sufficient third-party insurance coverage or reimbursement.

The current standard of care for the treatment of chronic HCV is the combination of pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin. If ANA975 or any future product candidate that we discover and develop for the treatment of HCV does not provide a treatment regimen that is more beneficial than the current standard of care or otherwise provides patient benefit, that product likely will not be accepted favorably by the market. Similarly, if ANA380 does not provide a treatment regime that is more beneficial than any current or proposed therapy for the treatment of HBV, that product will likewise not be accepted favorably by the market. If any products we may develop do not achieve market acceptance, then we will not generate sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability.

In addition, even if our products achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to maintain that market acceptance over time if:

	•		new products or technologies are introduced that are more favorably received than our products, are more cost effective or render our products obsolete; or

	•		complications, such as antibiotic or viral resistance, arise with respect to use of our products.

If we are unable to obtain statutory marketing exclusivity after our patents covering isatoribine or other product candidates expire, we will face increased competition, which may result in reduced potential revenues.

The primary composition of matter patents covering isatoribine will expire in 2007 and 2008. We have filed for patent protection on ANA971 and ANA975, although there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure adequate patent protection. After the patent expirations of isatoribine itself, however, we will have no direct means to prevent third parties from making, selling, using or importing isatoribine in the U.S., Europe or Japan. Instead, if we pursue commercialization of isatoribine, we expect to rely upon the U.S. Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly known as the Hatch-Waxman Act, and applicable foreign legislation, to achieve market exclusivity for isatoribine. For NDAs for new chemical entities not previously approved, the Hatch-Waxman Act provides for marketing exclusivity to the first applicant to gain approval for a particular drug by prohibiting acceptance or approval of an abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA, from a generic competitor for up to five years after approval of the original NDA. This exclusivity only applies to submissions of an ANDA and would not prevent a third party from conducting pivotal clinical trials and thereafter filing a complete NDA regulatory submission for isatoribine after the patent expirations. Our competitors will be free during any period of statutory exclusivity to develop the data necessary either to file an ANDA at the end of the exclusivity period or to conduct studies in support of a complete NDA filing during the period of market exclusivity. Japanese law may provide us with marketing exclusivity in Japan for a period up to six years following Japanese marketing approval. Although statutory market exclusivity in Europe, the U.S. and Japan may apply even when the composition of matter patent has already expired, it is possible that isatoribine will not qualify for such exclusivity, or alternatively, the terms of the Hatch-Waxman Act, or similar foreign statutes, could be amended or interpreted to our disadvantage. If we do not qualify for marketing exclusivity for isatoribine, the competition we face would increase, reducing our potential revenues and adversely affecting our ability to attain or maintain profitability.

We will need additional funding and may be unable to raise capital when needed, which would force us to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs or commercialization efforts.

We will need to raise additional capital at least within the next several years to, among other things:

	•		fund our research and development programs;

	•		fund our share of the further clinical development and regulatory review and approval of ANA975 and ANA380;

	•		establish and maintain manufacturing, sales and marketing operations;

	•		commercialize our product candidates, if any, that receive regulatory approval; and

	•		acquire rights to products or product candidates, technologies or businesses.

Our future funding requirements will depend on, and could increase significantly as a result of, many factors, including:

	•		the progress of our clinical trials;

	•		the progress of our research activities;

	•		the number and scope of our research programs;

	•		the progress of our preclinical development activities;

	•		our ability to establish and maintain strategic collaborations;

	•		the costs involved in enforcing or defending patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

	•		the pace and timing of development activities conducted under joint development arrangements with our collaborators;

	•		the cost and timing of regulatory approvals;

	•		the costs of establishing or expanding manufacturing, sales and distribution capabilities;

	•		the costs related to development and manufacture of pre-clinical, clinical and validation lots for regulatory and commercialization of drug supply;

	•		the success of the commercialization of ANA380 and ANA975; and

	•		the extent to which we acquire or invest in other products technologies, and businesses.

We do not anticipate that we will generate significant continuing revenues for at least several years, if ever. Until we can generate significant continuing revenues, we expect to satisfy our future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements and grant funding, as well as through interest income earned on cash balances. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research or development programs or our commercialization efforts.

Raising additional funds by issuing securities or through collaboration and licensing arrangements may cause dilution to existing stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish proprietary rights.

We may raise additional funds through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or corporate collaborations and licensing arrangements. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders’ ownership will be diluted. Any debt financing we enter into may involve covenants that restrict our operations. These restrictive covenants may include limitations on borrowing, specific restrictions on the use of our assets as well as prohibitions on our ability to create liens, pay dividends, redeem capital stocks or make investments.

In addition, if we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish potentially valuable rights to our potential products or proprietary technologies, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. For example, we might be forced to relinquish all or a portion of our sales and marketing rights with respect to potential products or license intellectual property that enables licensees to develop competing products.

If we fail to establish new collaborations, we may not generate sufficient revenue to attain profitability.

Our near and long-term viability will depend in part on our ability to successfully establish new strategic collaborations with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Since we do not currently possess the resources necessary to independently fully develop and commercialize other potential products that may be based upon our technologies, we will either need to develop or acquire these resources on our own, which will require substantial funding, time and effort, or will need to enter into additional collaborative agreements to assist in the development and commercialization of some of these potential products. Establishing strategic collaborations is difficult and time-consuming. Potential collaborators may reject collaborations based upon their assessment of our financial, regulatory or intellectual property position. If we fail to establish a sufficient number of additional collaborations on acceptable terms, we may not generate sufficient revenue. Even if we successfully establish new collaborations, these relationships may never result in the successful development or commercialization of any product candidates or the generation of sales or royalty revenue.

If we fail to maintain our existing and future collaborations, we may not generate sufficient revenue to attain profitability.

Our future success will also depend in part on our ability to maintain our existing collaborations and any future collaborations we may establish. Our existing collaborators and future collaborators may decide to reduce or curtail their collaborations with us because of changes in their research and development budgets or other factors affecting their business or operations. Our present collaborative arrangements and any future collaboration opportunities could be harmed if:

	•		we or our collaborators do not achieve our respective objectives under our collaboration agreements;

	•		we are unable to obtain patent protection for the product candidates or proprietary technologies we discover in our collaborations;

	•		we are unable to properly manage multiple simultaneous product discovery and development collaborations;

	•		our present or potential collaborators are less willing to expend their resources on our programs due to their focus on other programs or as a result of general market conditions;

	•		our collaborators become competitors of ours or enter into agreements with our competitors;

	•		we or our collaborators encounter regulatory hurdles that prevent commercialization of our product candidates;

	•		we develop products and processes or enter into additional collaborations that conflict with the business objectives of our other collaborators;

	•		consolidation in our target markets or the pharmaceutical or biotechnology industry limits the number of potential collaborators;

	•		the rights granted under our collaboration agreements prove insufficient to adequately develop and commercialize our products and product candidates;

	•		a collaborator breaches, terminates or fails to renew a collaboration with us; or

	•		we are unable to negotiate additional collaboration agreements on terms satisfactory to us.

If any of these events occur, we may not be able to develop or commercialize products or generate sufficient revenue to support our operations and attain and maintain profitability. To the extent that we enter into co-promotion or other collaborative arrangements, our product revenues are likely to be lower than if we directly marketed and sold any products that we may develop.

We are dependent on collaborators allocating adequate resources to our collaborations, and actions taken by collaborators could prevent us from commercializing products and earning milestone and other contingent payments, royalties or other revenue.

Much of the potential revenue from our existing and future collaborations will consist of contingent payments, such as payments for achieving development milestones and royalties payable on sales of drugs developed using our technologies or capabilities. The milestone and royalty revenues that we may receive under these collaborations will depend upon our collaborator’s ability to successfully develop, introduce, market and sell new products. In addition, our existing collaborators may decide to enter into arrangements with third parties to commercialize products developed under our existing or future collaborations using our technologies or capabilities, which could reduce the milestone and royalty revenue that we may receive, if any. In many cases we will not be involved in these processes and accordingly will depend entirely on our collaborators. Our collaboration partners may fail to develop or effectively commercialize products using our products or technologies because they:

	•		decide not to devote the necessary resources due to internal constraints, such as limited personnel with the requisite scientific expertise, limited cash resources or specialized equipment limitations, or other drug development priorities that our collaboration partners believe may have a higher likelihood of obtaining regulatory approval or may potentially generate a greater return on investment;

	•		do not have sufficient resources necessary to carry the product candidate through clinical development, regulatory approval and commercialization;

	•		are unable to allocate sufficient resources due to factors affecting their businesses or operations or as a result of general market conditions;

	•		decide to pursue a competitive potential product developed outside of the collaboration; or

	•		cannot obtain the necessary regulatory approvals.

If our collaboration partners fail to develop or effectively commercialize product candidates or products for any of these reasons, we may not be able to replace the collaboration partner with another partner to develop and commercialize a product candidate or product under the terms of the collaboration or because we are unable to obtain a license from such collaboration partner on terms acceptable to us.

The majority of our current collaboration agreements are directed toward the discovery and development of drug candidates. Under our existing collaboration agreements, we generally would not earn significant milestone payments unless and until our collaborators have advanced product candidates into clinical testing, which may not occur for many years, if ever. In addition, a collaborator may disagree as to whether a particular milestone has been achieved. Consequently, we cannot guarantee that milestone payments will be received or that commercialized drugs will be developed on which royalties will be payable to us. If we are unable to generate significant milestone and royalty revenues from our collaborations, we may never attain profitability.

If any conflicts arise between us and any of our collaborators, our reputation, revenues and cash position could be significantly harmed.

Conflicts may arise between our collaborators and us, such as conflicts concerning the conduct of research, the achievement of milestones or the ownership or protection of intellectual property developed during the collaboration. In addition, in the past we have been involved in disputes with Valeant Pharmaceuticals International (formerly ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) regarding the license of certain compounds, which resulted in us entering into a new agreement with Valeant in December 2002 that superseded the original March 2000 license agreement between us and Valeant and resolved the disputes. Any such disagreement between us and a collaborator could result in one or more of the following, each of which could harm our reputation, result in a loss of revenues and a reduction in our cash position, and cause a decline in our stock price:

	•		unwillingness on the part of a collaborator to pay us research funding, milestone payments or royalties we believe are due to us under our collaboration agreement;

	•		uncertainty regarding ownership of intellectual property rights arising from our collaborative activities, which could result in litigation and prevent us from entering into additional collaborations;

	•		unwillingness on the part of a collaborator to keep us informed regarding the progress of its development and commercialization activities, or to permit public disclosure of the results of those activities;

	•		slowing or cessation of a collaborator’s development or commercialization efforts with respect to our products; or

	•		termination or non-renewal of the collaboration.

In addition, certain of our current or future collaborators may have the right to terminate the collaboration agreement on short notice. Accordingly, in the event of any conflict between the parties, our collaborators may elect to terminate the collaboration prior to completion of its original term. If a collaboration is terminated prematurely, we would not realize the anticipated benefits of the collaboration, our reputation in the industry and in the investment community may be harmed and our stock price may decline.

In addition, in each of our collaborations, we generally have agreed not to conduct independently, or with any third party, directly competitive with the subject matter of our collaborations. Our collaborations may have the effect of limiting the areas of research, development and/or commercialization that we may pursue, either alone or with others. Under certain circumstances, however, our collaborators, may research, develop, and/or commercialize, either alone or with others, products in related fields that are competitive with the products or potential products that are the subject of these collaborations.

We depend on outside parties to conduct our clinical trials, which may result in costs and delays that prevent us from obtaining regulatory approval or successfully commercializing product candidates.

Although we have designed and managed our preclinical studies and clinical trials relating to isatoribine, ANA971 and ANA975 to date, we engaged clinical investigators and medical institutions to enroll patients in these clinical trials and contract research organizations to perform data collection and analysis and other aspects of our preclinical studies and clinical trials. As a result, we depend on these clinical investigators, medical institutions and contract research organizations to properly perform the studies and trials. If these parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated. We may not be able to enter into replacement arrangements without undue delays or excessive expenditures. If there are delays in testing or regulatory approvals as a result of the failure to perform by third-parties, our drug discovery and development costs will increase and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our product candidates. In addition, we may not be able to maintain any of these existing relationships, or establish new ones on acceptable terms, if at all.

We do not have internal manufacturing capabilities, and if we fail to develop and maintain supply relationships with collaborators or other outside manufacturers, we may be unable to develop or commercialize any of our non-partnered products.

Our ability to develop and commercialize future products we may develop will depend in part on our ability to manufacture, or arrange for collaborators or other parties to manufacture, our products at a competitive cost, in accordance with regulatory requirements and in sufficient quantities for clinical testing and eventual commercialization. We currently do not have any significant manufacturing arrangements or agreements, as our current product candidates will not require commercial-scale manufacturing for at least several years, if ever. Our inability to enter into or maintain manufacturing agreements with collaborators or capable contract manufacturers on acceptable terms could delay or prevent the development and commercialization of our products, which would adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and would increase our expenses.

If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to sell and market any products we may develop, we may not be able to generate product revenue.

We do not currently have the capabilities for the sales, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products. In order to commercialize any products, we must build our sales, marketing, distribution, managerial and other non-technical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services. Although we currently expect to commercialize in North America our HCV product candidate and other potential product candidates that are of strategic interest to us, because the most advanced of these product candidates are in early stage clinical development, we have not definitively determined whether we will attempt to establish internal sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to sell and market any products we may develop. The establishment and development of our own sales force to market any products we may develop in North America will be expensive and time consuming and could delay any product launch, and we cannot be certain that we would be able to successfully develop this capacity. If we are unable to establish our sales and marketing capability or any other non-technical capabilities necessary to commercialize any product we may develop, we will need to contract with third parties to market and sell any products we may develop in North America. We will also need to develop a plan to market and sell any products we may develop outside North America. If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, whether independently or with third parties, we may not be able to generate product revenue and may not become profitable.

We will need to increase the size of our organization, and we may encounter difficulties managing our growth, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

We will need to expand and effectively manage our managerial, operational, financial and other resources in order to successfully pursue our research, development and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market and distribute our products. If we continue to grow, it is possible that our management, accounting and scientific personnel, systems and facilities currently in place

may not be adequate to support this future growth. To manage any growth, we will be required to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures and to attract and retain sufficient numbers of talented employees. We may be unable to successfully manage the expansion of our operations or operate on a larger scale and, accordingly, may not achieve our research, development and commercialization goals.

If we are unable to attract and retain key management and scientific staff, we may be unable to successfully develop or commercialize our product candidates.

We are a small company, with under 100 employees, and our success depends on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management and scientific personnel. In particular, our research and drug discovery programs depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled chemists, biologists, and preclinical and clinical personnel, especially in the fields of HCV and structure-based drug design. We may not be able to attract or retain qualified management and scientific personnel in the future due to the intense competition for qualified personnel among biotechnology and pharmaceutical businesses, particularly in the San Diego, California area. If we are not able to attract and retain the necessary personnel to accomplish our business objectives, we may experience constraints that will impede significantly the achievement of our research and development objectives and our ability to meet the demands of our collaborators in a timely fashion. In addition, all of our employees are “at will” employees, which means that any employee may quit at any time and we may terminate any employee at any time. Currently we do not have employment agreements with any employees or members of senior management that provide any guarantee of continued employment by us. We do not carry “key person” insurance covering members of senior management other than Kleanthis G. Xanthopoulos, Ph.D., our President, Chief Executive Officer and a director. The insurance covering Dr. Xanthopoulos is in the amount of $1 million. In particular, if we lose Dr. Xanthopoulos, Stephen T. Worland, Ph.D., our Executive Vice President, Research and Development, or other members of our senior management team, we may not be able to find suitable replacements and our business may be harmed as a result.

Our quarterly results and stock price may fluctuate significantly.

We expect our results of operations to be subject to quarterly fluctuations. The level of our revenues, if any, and results of operations at any given time, will be based primarily on the following factors:

	•		the status of development of ANA380, ANA975 and our other product candidates, including results of preclinical studies and clinical trials;

	•		our recommendation of additional compounds for preclinical development;

	•		our execution of collaborative, licensing or other arrangements, and the timing and accounting treatment of payments we make or receive under these arrangements;

	•		whether or not we achieve specified research or commercialization milestones under any agreement that we enter into or have entered into with collaborators and the timely payment by commercial collaborators of any amounts payable to us;

	•		our collaborators’ termination of any of our collaborative, licensing or other arrangements, or any disputes regarding such arrangements;

	•		our addition or termination of research programs or funding support;

	•		variations in the level of expenses related to our product candidates or potential product candidates during any given period; and

	•		the effect of competing technological and market developments.

These factors, some of which are not within our control, may cause the price of our stock to fluctuate substantially. In particular, if our quarterly operating results fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price could drop suddenly and significantly. In addition, fluctuations in the stock prices of other companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceuticals industries and in the financial markets generally may affect our stock price. We believe that quarterly comparisons of our financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.

If we engage in any acquisition, we will incur a variety of costs, and we may never realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition.

We may attempt to acquire businesses, technologies, services or products or in-license technologies that we believe are a strategic fit with our business, at the appropriate time and as resources permit. We believe that strategic acquisitions of complementary

businesses, technologies, services or products are a material component of our business strategy to provide us with access to new compounds that are potentially synergistic with our existing product candidate portfolio. If we undertake any acquisition in addition to our in-license of ANA380 from LGLS, the process of integrating the acquired business, technology, service or product may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures and may divert significant management attention from our ongoing business operations. These operational and financial risks include:

	•		exposure to unknown liabilities;

	•		disruption of our business and diversion of our management’s time and attention to acquiring and developing acquired products or technologies;

	•		incurrence of substantial debt or dilutive issuances of securities to pay for acquisitions;

	•		higher than expected acquisition and integration costs;

	•		increased amortization expenses;

	•		negative effect on our earnings (or loss) per share;

	•		difficulty and cost in combining and integrating the operations and personnel of any acquired businesses with our operations and personnel;

	•		impairment of relationships with key suppliers, contractors or customers of any acquired businesses due to changes in management and ownership; and

	•		inability to retain key employees of any acquired businesses.

Although we acquired the exclusive worldwide rights to isatoribine as part of a licensing agreement with Valeant Pharmaceuticals International (formerly known as ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and have obtained from LGLS development and commercialization rights to ANA380 in certain territories, we have limited experience in identifying acquisition targets, successfully completing potential acquisition targets and integrating any acquired businesses, technologies, services or products into our current infrastructure. Moreover, we may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition or devote resources to potential acquisitions that are never completed. If we fail to successfully identify strategic opportunities, complete strategic transactions or integrate acquired businesses, technologies, services or products, we may not be able to successfully expand our product candidate portfolio to provide adequate revenue to attain and maintain profitability.

Earthquake damage to our facilities could delay our research and development efforts and adversely affect our business.

Our headquarters and research and development facilities in San Diego, California, are located in a seismic zone, and there is the possibility of an earthquake, which could be disruptive to our operations and result in delays in our research and development efforts. In the event of an earthquake, if our facilities or the equipment in our facilities are significantly damaged or destroyed for any reason, we may not be able to rebuild or relocate our facility or replace any damaged equipment in a timely manner and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Industry

Because our product candidates and development and collaboration efforts depend on our intellectual property rights, adverse events affecting our intellectual property rights will harm our ability to commercialize products.

Our commercial success depends on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our product candidates, proprietary technologies and their uses, as well as successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges. We will only be able to protect our product candidates, proprietary technologies and their uses from unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that valid and enforceable patents or effectively-protected trade secrets cover them.

Due to evolving legal standards relating to the patentability, validity and enforceability of patents covering pharmaceutical inventions and the scope of claims made under these patents, our ability to obtain and enforce patents is uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions. Accordingly, rights under any issued patents may not provide us with sufficient protection for isatoribine, ANA975, ANA380 or other oral prodrugs of isatoribine, or our other drug candidates or provide sufficient protection to afford us a commercial advantage against competitive products or processes. In addition, we cannot guarantee that any patents will issue from any pending or future patent applications owned by or licensed to us. Even with respect to patents that have issued or will

issue, we cannot guarantee that the claims of these patents are, or will be valid, enforceable or will provide us with any significant protection against competitive products or otherwise be commercially valuable to us. For example:

	•		we might not have been the first to make, conceive, or reduce to practice the inventions covered by all or any of our pending patent applications and issued patents;

	•		we might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions;

	•		others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;

	•		it is possible that none of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents;

	•		our issued or acquired patents may not provide a basis for commercially viable products, may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be challenged by third parties;

	•		our issued patents may not be valid or enforceable;

	•		we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or

	•		the patents of others may have an adverse effect on our business.

Patent applications in the U.S. are maintained in confidence for up to 18 months after their filing. Consequently, we cannot be certain that we or our collaborators were the first to invent, or the first to file patent applications on our product candidates. In the event that a third party has also filed a U.S. patent application relating to our product candidates or a similar invention, we may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the U.S. Patent Office to determine priority of invention in the U.S. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial and it is possible that our efforts would be unsuccessful, resulting in a material adverse effect on our U.S. patent position. Furthermore, we may not have identified all U.S. and foreign patents or published applications that affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize our drugs or by covering similar technologies that affect our drug market.

In addition, some countries, including many in Europe, do not grant patent claims directed to methods of treating humans, and in these countries patent protection may not be available at all to protect our drug candidates. Even if patents issue, we cannot guarantee that the claims of those patents will be valid and enforceable or provide us with any significant protection against competitive products, or otherwise be commercially valuable to us. We may be particularly affected by this because we expect that ANA975 and ANA380, if approved, will be marketed in foreign countries with high incidences of HCV and HBV infection.

Other companies may obtain patents and/or regulatory approvals to use the same drugs to treat diseases other than HCV or HBV. As a result, we may not be able to enforce our patents effectively because we may not be able to prevent healthcare providers from prescribing, administering or using another company’s product that contains the same active substance as our products when treating patients infected with HCV or HBV.

If we fail to obtain and maintain patent protection and trade secret protection of ANA380, ANA975, isatoribine or other oral prodrugs of isatoribine or our other product candidates, proprietary technologies and their uses, the competition we face would increase, reducing our potential revenues and adversely affecting our ability to attain or maintain profitability.

If we are sued for infringing intellectual property rights of others, it will be costly and time consuming, and an unfavorable outcome in that litigation would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our commercial success also depends upon our ability to develop, manufacture, market and sell our product candidates and use our proprietary technologies without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. We may be exposed to future litigation by third parties based on claims that our product candidates, technologies or activities infringe the intellectual property rights of others. Numerous U.S. and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications owned by others exist in HCV, HBV and the other fields in which we are developing products. These could materially affect our ability to develop our drug candidates or sell our products. Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications, unknown to us, which may later result in issued patents that our product candidates or technologies may infringe. There also may be existing patents, of which we are not aware, that our product candidates or technologies may inadvertently infringe. Further, there may be issued patents and pending patent applications in fields relevant to our business, of which we may become aware from time to time, that we believe we do not infringe or that we believe are invalid or relate to immaterial portions of our overall drug discovery and development efforts. We cannot assure you that third parties holding any of these patents or patent applications will not assert infringement claims against us for damages or seeking to enjoin our activities. We also cannot assure you that, in the event of litigation, we will be able to successfully assert any belief we may have as to non-infringement, invalidity or immateriality, or that any infringement claims will be resolved in our favor.

There is a substantial amount of litigation involving patent and other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries generally. Any litigation or claims against us, with or without merit, may cause us to incur substantial costs, could place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management from our core business and harm our reputation. In addition, intellectual property litigation or claims could result in substantial damages and force us to do one or more of the following if a court decides that we infringe on another party’s patent or other intellectual property rights:

	•		cease selling, incorporating or using any of our product candidates or technologies that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;

	•		obtain a license from the holder of the infringed intellectual property right, which license may be costly or may not be available on reasonable terms, it at all; or

	•		redesign our processes or technologies so that they do not infringe, which could be costly and time-consuming and may not be possible.

If we find during clinical evaluation that our drug candidates for the treatment of HCV or HBV should be used in combination with a product covered by a patent held by another company or institution, and that a labeling instruction is required in product packaging recommending that combination, we could be accused of, or held liable for, infringement of the third-party patents covering the product recommended for co-administration with our product. In that case, we may be required to obtain a license from the other company or institution to use the required or desired package labeling, which may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all.

If we fail to obtain any required licenses or make any necessary changes to our technologies, we may be unable to develop or commercialize some or all of our product candidates.

We may be involved in lawsuits or proceedings to protect or enforce our patent rights, trade secrets or know-how, which could be expensive and time consuming.

The defense and prosecution of intellectual property suits and related legal and administrative proceedings can be both costly and time consuming. Litigation and interference proceedings could result in substantial expense to us and significant diversion of effort by our technical and management personnel. Further, the outcome of patent litigation is subject to uncertainties that cannot be adequately quantified in advance, including the demeanor and credibility of witnesses and the identity of the adverse party. This is especially true in biotechnology related patent cases that may turn on the testimony of experts as to technical facts upon which experts may reasonably disagree and which may be difficult to comprehend by a judge or jury. An adverse determination in an interference proceeding or litigation, particularly with respect to ANA975, isatoribine or any other oral prodrug of isatoribine or to ANA380, to which we may become a party could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties or require us to seek licenses from third parties. If required, the necessary licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Adverse determinations in a judicial or administrative proceeding or failure to obtain necessary licenses could prevent us from commercializing ANA975, ANA380 or our other product candidates, which could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations.

Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of pre-trial document and witness discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, during the course of this kind of litigation, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.

Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information and may not adequately protect our intellectual property.

We also rely on trade secrets to protect our technology, especially where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, we also rely in part on confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements with our corporate partners, employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information nor result in the effective assignment to us of intellectual property, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or other breaches of the agreements. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such case we could not assert any trade secret rights against such party. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets is difficult, expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the U.S. may be less willing to protect trade secrets. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to seek to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

Many competitors have significantly more resources and experience, which may harm our commercial opportunity.

The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are subject to intense competition and rapid and significant technological change. We have many potential competitors, including major drug and chemical companies, specialized biotechnology firms, academic institutions, government agencies and private and public research institutions. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial resources, experience and expertise in:

	•		research and development;

	•		preclinical testing;

	•		Clinical trials;

	•		regulatory approvals;

	•		manufacturing; and

	•		sales and marketing of approved products.

Smaller or early-stage companies and research institutions may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established pharmaceutical or other companies. We will also face competition from these parties in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel, establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials, and acquiring and in-licensing technologies and products complementary to our programs or potentially advantageous to our business. If any of our competitors succeed in obtaining approval from the FDA or other regulatory authorities for their products sooner that we do or for products that are more effective or less costly than ours, our commercial opportunity could be significantly reduced.

If our competitors develop treatments for HCV, HBV or bacterial infections that are approved faster, marketed better or demonstrated to be more effective than ANA975, ANA380 or any other products that we may develop, our commercial opportunity will be reduced or eliminated.

We believe that a significant number of drugs are currently under development and may become available in the future for the treatment of HCV, HBV, and bacterial infection. Potential competitors may develop treatments for HCV, HBV, bacterial infection or other technologies and products that are more effective or less costly than our product candidates or that would make our technology and product candidates obsolete or non-competitive. Some of these products may use therapeutic approaches that compete directly with ANA975 or with ANA380. In addition, less expensive generic forms of currently marketed drugs could lead to additional competition upon patent expiration or invalidations.

ANA975 is also subject to competition in the treatment of HCV from a number of products already approved and on the market, including the following: Peg-Intron (pegylated interferon-alpha-2b), Rebetol (ribavirin), and Intron-A (interferon-alpha-2a), which are marketed by Schering-Plough, and Pegasys (pegylated interferon-alpha-2a), Copegus (ribavirin USP), and Roferon-A (interferon-alpha-2a), which are marketed by Roche. We expect new products for the treatment of HCV will be introduced that may lead to further competition for ANA975. Additional compounds in late stage clinical trials include, but are not limited to, Viramidine, in development by Valeant Pharmaceuticals, Zadaxin, in development by SciClone Pharmaceuticals, NM283, in development by Idenix Pharmaceuticals and Novartis, and VX-950, in development by Vertex Pharmaceuticals.

Similarly, ANA380 is also subject to competition in the treatment of HBV from other products already approved and on the market. Current small molecule treatments for HBV include lamivudine (Zeffix/ Epivir HBV) from GlaxoSmithKline, and adefovir (Hepsera) from Gilead. In addition, interferon-alpha therapy (Intron-A) from Schering-Plough, Pegasys (pegylated interferon-alpha-2a) from Roche have been endorsed by various regulators for the treatment of HBV. Also, entecavir (Baraclude) from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. has recently received FDA approval for the treatment of HBV in the U.S. and tenofovir (Viread) an approved HIV compound from Gilead is in Phase III trials for HBV. Finally, several other compounds are being studied in Phase III clinical trials. We also face competition from a number of companies working in the field of antibacterials. Many other competitors are developing products for the treatment of our target diseases. If successful, we will compete with these products and others in varying stages of the drug development process.

If we cannot establish pricing of our product candidates acceptable to the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors, any product sales will be severely hindered.

The continuing efforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of health care costs to contain or reduce costs of health care may adversely affect:

•

our ability to set a price we believe is fair for any products we or our collaborators may develop;

	•		our ability to generate adequate revenues and gross margins; and

	•		the availability of capital.

In certain foreign markets, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to government control. In the U.S., given recent federal and state government initiatives directed at lowering the total cost of health care, the U.S. Congress and state legislatures will likely continue to focus on health care reform, the cost of prescription pharmaceuticals and on the reform of the Medicare and Medicaid systems. The trend toward managed health care in the U.S., which could significantly influence the purchase of health care services and products, as well as legislative proposals to reform health care, control pharmaceutical prices or reduce government insurance programs, may result in lower prices for our product candidates. While we cannot predict whether any legislative or regulatory proposals affecting our business will be adopted, the announcement or adoption of these proposals could have a material and adverse effect on our potential revenues and gross margins.

If we cannot arrange for reimbursement policies favorable to our product candidates, their sales will be severely hindered.

Our ability to commercialize ANA975, ANA380 or any other product candidates successfully will depend in part on the extent to which governmental authorities, private health insurers and other organizations establish appropriate reimbursement levels for the cost of ANA975, ANA380 or any other products and related treatments. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical products and services, including treatments for HCV and HBV. Also, the trend toward managed health care in the U.S. as well as legislative proposals to reform health care, control pharmaceutical prices or reduce government insurance programs, may also result in exclusion of our product candidates from reimbursement programs. The cost containment measures that health care payors and providers are instituting and the effect of any health care reform could materially and adversely affect our ability to earn product revenue and generate significant profits and could impact our ability to raise capital.

Product liability claims may damage our reputation and, if insurance proves inadequate, the product liability claims may harm our results of operations.

We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure for claimed injuries related to the testing of our product candidates in human clinical trials, and will face an even greater risk if we or our collaborators sell our product candidates commercially. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we will incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in:

	•		decreased demand for our product candidates;

	•		injury to our reputation;

	•		withdrawal of clinical trial participants;

	•		the inability to establish new collaborations with potential collaborators;

	•		substantial costs of related litigation;

	•		substantial monetary awards to patients; and

	•		the inability to commercialize our product candidates.

We currently have product liability insurance that covers our clinical trials in Europe and plan to increase and expand this coverage as we commence larger scale trials. In addition, we will need to increase and expand coverage prior to commencing any clinical trials in the U.S. We also intend to expand our insurance coverage to include the sale of commercial products if marketing approval is obtained for any of our product candidates. However, insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost and we may not be able to obtain insurance coverage that will be adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise.

Any claims relating to our improper handling, storage or disposal of biological, hazardous and radioactive materials could be time-consuming and costly.

Our research and development involves the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals that cause cancer, volatile solvents, including ethylacetate and acetonitrile, radioactive materials and biological materials including plasma from patients infected with HCV or HBV that have the potential to transmit disease. Our operations also produce hazardous waste products. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and

waste products. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations or with the conditions attached to our operating licenses, the licenses could be revoked, and we could be subjected to criminal sanctions and substantial liability or required to suspend or modify our operations. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines in an amount exceeding our resources, and our clinical trials could be suspended. In addition, we may have to incur significant costs to comply with future environmental laws and regulations. We do not currently have a pollution and remediation insurance policy.

Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. Any system failure, accident or security breach that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption of our drug discovery programs. To the extent that any disruption or security breach results in a loss or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we may incur liability as a result, our drug discovery programs may be adversely affected and the further development of our product candidates may be delayed. In addition, we may incur additional costs to remedy the damages caused by these disruptions or security breaches.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Future sales of our common stock may cause our stock price to decline.

Our current stockholders hold a substantial number of shares of our common stock that they are able to sell in the public market. Significant portions of these shares are held by a small number of stockholders. Sales by our current stockholders of a substantial number of shares or the expectation that such sale may occur, could significantly reduce the market price of our common stock. Moreover, the holders of up to approximately 13,501,676 shares of common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of certain of our warrants, have rights, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements to permit the resale of their shares in the public market or to include their shares in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or other stockholders.

Our stock price may be volatile.

The market price for our common stock is likely to be volatile, in part because our shares have only recently begun to be traded publicly. In addition, the market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, most of which we cannot control, including:

	•		changes in the regulatory status of our product candidates, including results of our clinical trials for ANA975 and ANA380;

	•		significant contracts, new technologies, acquisitions, commercial relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

	•		disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, trade secrets, litigation matters, and our ability to patent or otherwise protect our product candidates and technologies;

	•		conditions or trends in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries;

	•		fluctuations in stock market prices and trading volumes of similar companies or of the markets generally;

	•		variations in our quarterly operating results;

	•		changes in securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance;

	•		failure to meet or exceed securities analysts’ or investors’ expectations of our quarterly financial results, clinical results or our achievement of milestones;

	•		changes in accounting principles including the implementation of SFAS No. 123R,Share-Based Payment,which we are planning to adopt effective January 1, 2006. Upon adoption of this standard we expect that it will have a negative impact on our operating losses and potential earnings in future periods;

	•		sales of large blocks of our common stock, or the expectation that such sales may occur, including sales by our executive officers, directors and significant stockholders;

	•		additions or departures of key personnel;

	•		discussion of our business, products, financial performance, prospects or our stock price by the financial and scientific press and online investor communities such as chat rooms;

	•		regulatory developments in the U.S. and foreign countries;

	•		economic and political factors, including wars, terrorism and political unrest; and

	•		technological advances by our competitors.

Our largest stockholders may take actions that are contrary to your interests, including selling their stock.

A small number of our stockholders hold a significant amount of our outstanding stock. These stockholders may support competing transactions and have interests that are different from yours. In addition, the average number of shares of our stock that trade each day is generally low. As a result, sales of a large number of shares of our stock by these large stockholders or other stockholders within a short period of time could adversely affect our stock price.

Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law may discourage or prevent a change in control, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders, which could affect our stock price adversely and prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may delay or prevent a change in control, discourage bids at a premium over the market price of our common stock and adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock. These provisions include:

	•		dividing our board of directors into three classes serving staggered three-year terms;

	•		prohibiting our stockholders from calling a special meeting of stockholders;

	•		permitting the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or preferred stock without stockholder approval;

	•		prohibiting our stockholders from making certain changes to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws except with 66²/3% stockholder approval; and

	•		requiring advance notice for raising matters of business or making nominations at stockholders’ meetings.

We are also subject to provisions of the Delaware corporation law that, in general, prohibit any business combination with a beneficial owner of 15% or more of our common stock for five years unless the holder’s acquisition of our stock was approved in advance by our board of directors. Although we believe these provisions collectively provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring potential acquirors to negotiate with our board of directors, they would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.

We may incur increased costs as a result of recently enacted and proposed changes in laws and regulations relating to corporate governance matters.

Recently enacted and proposed changes in the laws and regulations affecting public companies, including the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules adopted or proposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission and by the Nasdaq Stock Market, will result in increased costs to us as we evaluate the implications of any new rules and respond to their requirements. The new rules could make it more difficult or more costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. The impact of these events could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers. We are presently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to new and proposed rules and cannot predict or estimate the amount of the additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

We have never paid cash dividends on our capital stock and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have paid no cash dividends on any of our classes of capital stock to date, and we currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. In addition, the terms of any future debt or credit facility may preclude us from paying any dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of potential gain for the foreseeable future.

If our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide us with the attestation of the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which could result in a decrease in the value of your shares.

As directed by Section 404 of the Act, the SEC adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report of management on the company’s internal control over financial reporting in their annual reports on Form 10-K that contains an assessment by management of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. We will be required to include such a report in our annual reports on Form 10-K beginning with the year ending December 31, 2005. In addition, the registered public accounting firm auditing our financial statements must attest to and report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with the year ending December 31, 2005. While we are in the process of conducting a rigorous review of our internal control over financial reporting in order to assure compliance with the Section 404 requirements, if our independent registered public accounting firm interprets the Section 404 requirements and the related rules and regulations differently from us or if our independent registered public accounting firm is not satisfied with our internal control over financial reporting or with the level at which it is documented, operated or reviewed, they may decline to attest to management’s assessment or issue a qualified report that references one or more material weaknesses or significant deficiencies. This could result in a restatement of our financial statements or could otherwise result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which could cause the market price of our shares to decline.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our primary exposure to market risk is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because the majority of our investments are in short-term marketable securities. Due to the nature of our short-term investments, we believe that we are not subject to any material market risk exposure. We do not have any foreign currency or other derivative financial instruments.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Vice President, Finance and Principal Accounting Officer performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-l5(e) and l5d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Vice President, Finance concluded that as of the date of such evaluation, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in our periodic reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Vice President, Finance and Principal Accounting Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and can therefore only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the design will succeed in achieving its stated goals.

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On March 25, 2004, our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 333-110528) to register our Common Stock in our initial public offering was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

We intend to continue to use the net proceeds from our initial public offering for research and development, general corporate purposes and working capital. We continually assess the specific uses and allocations for these funds. As of September 30, 2005, $7.6 million of net proceeds remain available and are primarily invested in short-term marketable securities.

Item 6. Exhibits


EXHIBIT
NO.		DESCRIPTION
10.38*(1)		License and Co-Development Agreement dated June 1, 2005 by and between Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd. and Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

31.1		Section 302 Certification by Anadys’ President and Chief Executive Officer

31.2		Section 302 Certification by Anadys’ Vice President, Finance and Principal Accounting Officer

32		Section 906 Certification by Anadys’ Chief Executive Officer and Vice President, Finance and Principal Accounting Officer


*		Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(1)		Incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, filed on August 12, 2005.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Date: November 10, 2005		ANADYS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

		By: /s/ Kleanthis G. Xanthopoulos, Ph.D.

		Kleanthis G. Xanthopoulos, Ph.D.
		President and Chief Executive Officer

		By: /s/ Jennifer K. Crittenden

		Jennifer K. Crittenden
		Vice President, Finance

EXHIBIT INDEX


EXHIBIT
NO.		DESCRIPTION
10.38*(1)		License and Co-Development Agreement dated June 1, 2005 by and between Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd. and Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

31.1		Section 302 Certification by Anadys’ President and Chief Executive Officer

31.2		Section 302 Certification by Anadys’ Vice President, Finance and Principal Accounting Officer

32		Section 906 Certification by Anadys’ Chief Executive Officer and Vice President, Finance and Principal Accounting Officer


*		Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(1)		Incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, filed on August 12, 2005.

Positive
Negative
Uncertain
Constraining
Legalese
Litigous
Readability	H.S. sophomore Good

Anadys Pharmaceuticals (ANDS) Inactive 10-Q2005 Q3 Quarterly report

Content analysis

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents