UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2006
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-31396
LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant, As Specified in its Charter)
| | |
Delaware | | 95-4652013 |
(State of Incorporation) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
6401 Hollis Street, Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608-1071
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (510) 420-5000
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated Filer x Non-accelerated Filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The number of shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001, and Class B common stock, par value $0.0001, outstanding as of April 28, 2006, was 35,277,614 and 27,614,176, respectively.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I
Financial Information
i
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | (Note 1) | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 97,624 | | | $ | 35,343 | | | $ | 48,422 | |
Short term investments | | | 104,650 | | | | 150,794 | | | | 23,650 | |
Restricted cash | | | — | | | | — | | | | 150 | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,601, $2,353, and $1,328 at March 31, 2006 and 2005 and December 31, 2005, respectively | | | 50,257 | | | | 69,305 | | | | 257,747 | |
Inventories, net | | | 163,733 | | | | 129,289 | | | | 169,072 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 16,403 | | | | 13,715 | | | | 21,319 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 11,141 | | | | 34,153 | | | | 10,715 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 443,808 | | | | 432,599 | | | | 531,075 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 23,253 | | | | 22,915 | | | | 23,817 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 19,295 | | | | 7,087 | | | | 16,588 | |
Intangible assets, net | | | 27,153 | | | | 29,024 | | | | 27,574 | |
Other assets | | | 9,844 | | | | 3,979 | | | | 6,775 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 523,353 | | | $ | 495,604 | | | $ | 605,829 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 22,532 | | | $ | 32,169 | | | $ | 74,329 | |
Accrued liabilities | | | 33,658 | | | | 36,278 | | | | 43,811 | |
Deferred revenue | | | 413 | | | | 332 | | | | 414 | |
Income taxes payable | | | 375 | | | | 6,811 | | | | 1,781 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 56,978 | | | | 75,590 | | | | 120,335 | |
Deferred rent and other long term liabilities | | | 19,714 | | | | 1,212 | | | | 19,171 | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001; 139,500 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: 34,862; 33,962 and 34,853 at March 31, 2006 and 2005 and December 31, 2005, respectively | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | |
Class B common stock, par value $0.0001; 40,500 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: 27,614 at March 31, 2006 and 2005 and December 31, 2005, respectively | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | |
Treasury Stock | | | (185 | ) | | | — | | | | (148 | ) |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 336,462 | | | | 323,218 | | | | 342,595 | |
Deferred compensation | | | — | | | | (1,899 | ) | | | (9,855 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 1,174 | | | | 2,056 | | | | 925 | |
Retained earnings | | | 109,204 | | | | 95,421 | | | | 132,800 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 446,661 | | | | 418,802 | | | | 466,323 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 523,353 | | | $ | 495,604 | | | $ | 605,829 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes.
1
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Net sales | | $ | 66,548 | | | $ | 71,859 | |
Cost of sales | | | 41,759 | | | | 44,087 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | 24,789 | | | | 27,772 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 32,851 | | | | 33,209 | |
Research and development | | | 12,440 | | | | 14,739 | |
Advertising | | | 6,158 | | | | 6,493 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 2,529 | | | | 2,430 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 53,978 | | | | 56,871 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Loss from operations | | | (29,189 | ) | | | (29,099 | ) |
Interest expense | | | (98 | ) | | | (4 | ) |
Interest income | | | 1,376 | | | | 853 | |
Other income (expense), net | | | 462 | | | | 55 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Loss before benefit for income taxes | | | (27,449 | ) | | | (28,195 | ) |
Benefit for income taxes | | | 3,853 | | | | 8,316 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (23,596 | ) | | $ | (19,879 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss per common share: | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (0.38 | ) | | $ | (0.32 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | (0.38 | ) | | $ | (0.32 | ) |
Shares used in calculating net loss per common share: | | | | | | | | |
Basic and Diluted | | | 62,469 | | | | 61,187 | |
See accompanying notes.
2
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Net loss | | $ | (23,596 | ) | | $ | (19,879 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation | | | 4,699 | | | | 3,833 | |
Amortization | | | 421 | | | | 472 | |
Unrealized foreign currency loss | | | 894 | | | | 3,538 | |
Loss (Gain) on disposal of property and equipment | | | (393 | ) | | | 74 | |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | (344 | ) | | | (124 | ) |
Deferred income taxes | | | (3,134 | ) | | | (9,612 | ) |
Deferred rent and deferred revenue | | | 542 | | | | (118 | ) |
Stock-based compensation related to employees | | | 2,364 | | | | — | |
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options | | | — | | | | 1,034 | |
Other changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | 207,833 | | | | 158,059 | |
Inventories | | | 5,339 | | | | 1,545 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 4,916 | | | | (407 | ) |
Other assets | | | (3,070 | ) | | | — | |
Accounts payable | | | (51,797 | ) | | | (30,515 | ) |
Accrued and other liabilities | | | (10,150 | ) | | | (17,454 | ) |
Income taxes payable | | | (1,406 | ) | | | (143 | ) |
Other | | | 12 | | | | 289 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 133,130 | | | | 90,592 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of property and equipment | | | (3,742 | ) | | | (2,023 | ) |
Purchases of short-term investments | | | (179,673 | ) | | | (190,665 | ) |
Sale of short-term investments | | | 98,823 | | | | 76,483 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (84,592 | ) | | | (116,205 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Cash used to purchase treasury stock | | | (37 | ) | | | — | |
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan | | | 1,346 | | | | 3,201 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 1,309 | | | | 3,201 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | | | (645 | ) | | | (2,804 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 49,202 | | | | (25,216 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 48,422 | | | | 60,559 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 97,624 | | | $ | 35,343 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid during the period for income taxes, net of refunds | | $ | 788 | | | $ | 376 | |
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of restricted stock to employees | | $ | — | | | $ | 289 | |
See accompanying notes.
3
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States applicable to interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and interim results of LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) as of and for the periods presented have been included. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Because the Company’s business is seasonal, results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those that may be expected for a full year.
Certain amounts in the financial statements for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.
The balance sheet at December 31, 2005 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. The financial information included herein should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes in its 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2006 (our “2005 Form 10-K”).
2. | Stock-Based Compensation |
At March 31, 2006, the Company had stock-based compensation plans for employees and nonemployee directors which authorized the granting of various equity-based incentives including stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units. The number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under these plans was 9,840 at March 31, 2006.
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company accounted for the plans under the measurement and recognition provisions of APB Opinion No.25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related Interpretations, permitted under Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (SFAS 123). As a result, employee stock option-based compensation was included as a pro forma disclosure in the Notes to the Company’s financial statements for prior year periods.
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123 (R), “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS 123(R)), using the modified-prospective transition method. Under this transition method, compensation cost in 2006 includes the portion vesting in the period for (1) all share-based payments granted prior to, but not vested, as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS 123, and (2) all share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R). Results for the prior periods have not been restated.
The Company recognized total equity-based compensation expense of $2,364 for the quarter ended March 31, 2006, of which $1,534 and $830 were recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, respectively. Compensation costs related to share-based compensation is generally amortized over the vesting period in selling, general and administrative, and research and development expenses in the statement of operations. During the quarter ended March 31, 2005, the Company recorded equity-based expense of $272.
Of the $2,364 of stock-based compensation expenses recorded in the first quarter ended March 31, 2006, $650 before tax ($391 after tax or $0.01 per share) related to employee stock options. There was no corresponding expense in the quarter ended March 31, 2005. As of March 31, 2006, the Company had $6,049 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock option-based compensation that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.7 years.
In addition, the Company had previously recorded additional paid in capital and deferred compensation in shareholder’s equity for the unamortized portion of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. These amounts were reclassified on January 1, 2006 in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R). Of the $2,364 of stock-based compensation discussed above, $1,714 before tax ($1,032 after tax or $0.02 per share) was attributable to restricted stock units, restricted stock awards, and performance share awards. As of March 31, 2006, the Company had $8,954 of
4
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units and restricted stock awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.6 years.
Prior to adopting SFAS 123(R), the Company presented all benefits from tax deductions arising from equity-based compensation as operating cash flows in the statement of cash flows. SFAS 123(R) requires that the tax benefits in excess of the compensation cost recognized for those exercised options and vested restricted stock units and restricted stock awards be classified as financing cash flows. No excess tax benefit was included in net cash provided by financing activities for the first quarter ended March 31, 2006.
The following table illustrates the effect on net loss and net loss per common share if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to stock-based employee compensation during the stated period:
| | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2005 | |
Net loss as reported | | $ | (19,879 | ) |
Add: Stock based employee compensation expense included in reported net loss, net of related tax effects | | | 94 | |
Deduct: Total stock based employee compensation expense determined under fair value method for all awards, net of related tax effects | | | (2,157 | ) |
| | | | |
Pro forma net loss | | $ | (21,942 | ) |
| | | | |
Net loss per common share as reported: | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (0.32 | ) |
| | | | |
Diluted | | $ | (0.32 | ) |
| | | | |
Pro forma net loss per common share: | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (0.36 | ) |
| | | | |
Diluted | | $ | (0.36 | ) |
| | | | |
Stock Options
Stock options to purchase Class A common stock were granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant. Each stock option generally has a vesting period of four years and is generally exercisable for a period of up to ten years from the date of the grant. The fair value of each stock option granted is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The table below presents the weighted-average assumption used in the model for the quarters ended March 31, 2006 and 2005. The expected life of the options represent the period of time the options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the guidance provided in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 on Share-Based Payment. Expected stock price volatility is based on consideration of historical and implied volatilities as well as the volatilities of other entities in the Company’s industry. The risk–free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and that has a term equal to the expected life.
5
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Weighted-average assumptions
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Expected life of options (years) | | 6.25 | | | 4.00 | |
Expected stock price volatility | | 40.79 | % | | 57.15 | % |
Risk-free interest rate | | 4.66 | % | | 4.07 | % |
Expected dividend yield | | 0 | % | | 0 | % |
A summary of the activity under the stock option plans for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Optioned Class A Shares |
| | Number of Shares | | | Price per Share | | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
Balances, December 31, 2005 | | 5,522 | | | $ | 2.37 - $44.60 | | $ | 16.34 |
Options granted | | 218 | | | | 10.60 - 13.93 | | | 11.42 |
Options exercised | | (160 | ) | | | 5.00 - 11.04 | | | 6.62 |
Options canceled | | (237 | ) | | | 11.04 - 38.00 | | | 16.98 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Balances, March 31, 2006 | | 5,343 | | | $ | 2.37 - $44.60 | | $ | 16.33 |
| | | | | | | | | |
The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options as of March 31, 2006.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class A Options Outstanding | | Class A Options Exercisable |
Range of Exercise Price | | Number Outstanding | | Weighted - Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) | | Weighted - Average Exercise Price | | Number Exercisable | | Weighted - Average Exercise Price |
$2.37 - $2.37 | | 46 | | 0.75 | | $ | 2.37 | | 46 | | $ | 2.37 |
5.00 - 10.00 | | 959 | | 5.64 | | | 7.58 | | 917 | | | 7.47 |
10.01 - 14.00 | | 2,187 | | 8.33 | | | 12.03 | | 730 | | | 12.37 |
17.43 - 20.60 | | 652 | | 7.74 | | | 19.68 | | 640 | | | 19.68 |
21.37 - 29.30 | | 1,124 | | 7.82 | | | 25.57 | | 1,116 | | | 25.59 |
29.74 - 44.60 | | 375 | | 7.72 | | | 31.96 | | 332 | | | 32.25 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
$2.37 - $44.60 | | 5,343 | | 7.56 | | $ | 16.33 | | 3,781 | | $ | 17.94 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The intrinsic value of stock options is defined as the difference between the current market value and the exercise price. As of March 31, 2006, the total intrinsic value of the stock options outstanding and exercisable was $3,469 and $3,399, respectively. Cash received from stock options exercised during the quarter was $1,062 and no tax benefit was realized for tax deductions from stock options. As a result, no excess tax benefit was included in net cash provided by financing activities.
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units generally vest over three and four years, respectively. They are
6
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
payable in shares of Class A common stock. The shares are valued using the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period.
A summary of the activity of the Company’s restricted stock and restricted stock units is presented in the following table.
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
| | Number of Shares | | | Weighted-average grant-date value |
Not vested at December 31, 2005 | | 970 | | | $ | 11.24 |
Granted | | 98 | | | | 11.53 |
Vested | | (8 | ) | | | 11.56 |
Forfeited | | (75 | ) | | | 12.16 |
| | | | | | |
Not vested at March 31, 2006 | | 985 | | | $ | 11.20 |
| | | | | | |
Performance Shares
Certain executives have restricted stock awards that are performance based. Performance shares are received by participants at the end of each three-year cycle, and are generally tied to the Company’s performance against pre-established annual financial measures. A portion of these performance shares is dependent on whether the Company’s stock price meets certain milestones over the three-year cycle. The Company recorded pre-tax compensation expense of $941 for the portion of the performance stock award linked to the stock price milestones during the three months ended March 31, 2006. No compensation expense was accrued based on achieving the Company’s annual financial targets.
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
| | Number of Shares | | | Weighted-average grant-date value |
Not vested at December 31, 2005 | | 315 | | | $ | 16.21 |
Granted | | 70 | | | | 10.60 |
Vested | | — | | | | — |
Forfeited | | (61 | ) | | | 16.86 |
| | | | | | |
Not vested at March 31, 2006 | | 324 | | | $ | 14.09 |
| | | | | | |
Shares Reserved For Future Issuance
The following table summarizes the number of shares of Class A common stock that are reserved for future issuance at March 31, 2006.
| | |
Class A | | Number of shares |
Options and stock awards available and outstanding | | 9,944 |
Shares issuable under the employee stock purchase plan | | 1,533 |
| | |
| | 11,477 |
| | |
3. | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, certificate of deposits, and money market funds.
7
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Short-term investments consist primarily of auction rate preferred securities and certificates. Interest rates on these securities reset at every auction date, generally every seven to ninety days, depending on the security or certificate. Although original maturities of these instruments are generally longer than one year, the Company has the right to sell these securities each auction date.
Long-term investments consist of municipal bonds with greater than one-year maturities. At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had no long-term investments. At March 31, 2005, the Company had long-term investments totaling $3,730, which were included in “Other assets” in the balance sheet.
The Company classifies all investments as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at estimated fair value, based on available market information. There were no unrealized gains or losses at March 31, 2006, March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2005. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.
Concentration of credit risk is managed by diversifying investments among a variety of high credit-quality issuers.
Inventories consist of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
Raw materials | | $ | 30,148 | | | $ | 37,572 | | | $ | 31,954 | |
Work in process | | | 13,387 | | | | 7,460 | | | | 11,220 | |
Finished goods | | | 141,723 | | | | 103,228 | | | | 150,629 | |
Allowances | | | (21,525 | ) | | | (18,971 | ) | | | (24,731 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Inventories, net | | $ | 163,733 | | | $ | 129,289 | | | $ | 169,072 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
At March 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company accrued liabilities for cancelled purchase orders totaling $4,030 and $4,463, respectively. At December 31, 2005, the Company accrued $4,937 for cancelled purchase orders.
The income tax benefit rate recognized in the statement of operations was 13.9% and 29.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The differences between the provision for income taxes and the income tax determined by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% was as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Income tax (benefit) at the statutory rate | | (35.0 | )% | | (35.0 | )% |
State income taxes | | 2.4 | % | | (2.6 | )% |
International operations | | 15.1 | % | | 8.3 | % |
Tax exempt interest | | 2.1 | % | | 0.9 | % |
Nondeductible items | | (2.3 | )% | | (0.7 | )% |
Research and development credits | | 6.3 | % | | 0 | % |
Other | | (2.5 | )% | | (0.4 | )% |
| | | | | | |
Income tax benefit | | (13.9 | )% | | (29.5 | )% |
| | | | | | |
8
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and currency translation adjustment.
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Net loss | | $ | (23,596 | ) | | $ | (19,879 | ) |
Currency translation adjustment | | | (249 | ) | | | (342 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss | | $ | (23,845 | ) | | $ | (20,221 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
8. | Derivative Financial Instruments |
At March 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts, all with maturities of approximately one month, to purchase and sell the equivalent of approximately $53,221 and $19,500, respectively in foreign currencies, including British Pounds, Canadian Dollars, Euros and Mexican Pesos. The fair market value of these instruments at March 31, 2006, of $181 was recorded in accrued liabilities and the fair market value at March 31, 2005 was $586. The Company believes the counterparties to these contracts are creditworthy multinational commercial banks and thus the risks of counterparty nonperformance associated with these contracts are not considered to be material. Notwithstanding the Company’s efforts to manage foreign exchange risk, there can be no assurances that its hedging activities will adequately protect against the risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations.
The Company recorded a net loss of $637 and a net gain of $1,084 on the foreign currency forward contracts for the quarters ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company also recorded a net gain of $940 and a net loss of $683 on the underlying transactions denominated in foreign currencies for the quarters ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The Company follows the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 128, “Earnings Per Share” (SFAS 128), which requires the presentation of basic net income (loss) per common share and diluted net income (loss) per common share. Basic net income (loss) per common share excludes any dilutive effects of options, warrants and convertible securities.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Numerator: | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (23,596 | ) | | $ | (19,879 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Denominator: | | | | | | | | |
Basic and Diluted | | | | | | | | |
Class A and B — weighted average shares | | | 62,469 | | | | 61,187 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss per Class A and B share: | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (0.38 | ) | | $ | (0.32 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Diluted | | $ | (0.38 | ) | | $ | (0.32 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
9
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
If the Company had reported net income for the quarters ended March 31, 2006, and 2005, the calculations of diluted net income per Class A and B share would have included as of March 31, 2006 and 2005 additional common equivalent shares of 436 and 537, respectively, related to outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock.
The Company’s reportable segments include U.S. Consumer, International and Education and Training. The Company records all indirect expenses and assets as a part of the U.S. Consumer segment, and does not allocate these expenses or items to its International and Education and Training segments.
The U.S. Consumer segment includes the design, production and marketing of electronic educational toys and books, sold primarily through the retail channels. For the International segment, the Company designs, markets and sells products primarily in the non-U.S. Consumer product market. The Education and Training segment includes the design, production and marketing of educational books and technology platforms sold primarily to school systems.
| | | | | | | |
| | Net Sales | | Income (Loss) from Operations | |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 | | | | | | | |
U.S. Consumer | | $ | 46,800 | | $ | (25,973 | ) |
International | | | 12,041 | | | (2,037 | ) |
Education and Training | | | 7,707 | | | (1,179 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 66,548 | | $ | (29,189 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 | | | | | | | |
U.S. Consumer | | $ | 44,260 | | $ | (30,018 | ) |
International | | | 17,533 | | | 728 | |
Education and Training | | | 10,066 | | | 191 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 71,859 | | $ | (29,099 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Due to the seasonal nature of our business, the first quarter sales trend and product mix is not necessarily indicative of our expected full year results.
11. | Commitments and Contingencies |
In March 2006, the Company amended the lease for its corporate headquarters located in Emeryville, California, to acquire additional space, effective January 1, 2007 or earlier at the Company’s option. The Company’s minimum lease obligation over the term of the lease which terminates in 2016 is $5,216.
Legal Proceedings
The Company is a party to various pending claims and lawsuits. The Company intends to defend or pursue these suits vigorously.
10
LEAPFROG ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Tinkers & Chance v. LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc.
In August 2005, a complaint was filed against the Company in the federal district court for the eastern district of Texas by Tinkers & Chance, a Texas partnership. The complaint alleges that the Company has infringed, and induced others to infringe, United States Patent No. 6,739,874 by making, selling and/or offering for sale in the United States and/or importing the Company’s LeapPad and Leapster platforms and other unspecified products. Tinkers & Chance seeks unspecified monetary damages, including triple damages based on its allegation of willful and deliberate infringement, attorneys’ fees and injunctive relief. On February 28, 2006, Tinkers & Chance filed a motion to amend the original complaint to add a claim that the Company is infringing United States Patent No. 7,006,786, and on March 28, 2006, Tinkers & Chance filed a motion to add a claim that the Company is infringing United States Patent No. 7,018,213. Both of these motions have been granted. On April 18, 2006, Tinkers & Chance filed a motion to further amend the complaint to add a claim that the Company is infringing United States Patent No. 7,029,283. Discovery has just begun, and trial is scheduled for June 2007.
The Company has not accrued any amount related to this matter based on its belief that it is not probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of liability, if any, is not currently estimable.
LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. v. Fisher-Price, Inc. and Mattel, Inc.
In October 2003, the Company filed a complaint in the federal district court for the district of Delaware against Fisher-Price, Inc., alleging that the Fisher-Price PowerTouch learning system violates United States Patent No. 5,813,861. In September 2004, Mattel, Inc. was joined as a defendant. The Company is seeking damages and injunctive relief. Following a trial the district court declared a mistrial because the jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict, and the parties stipulated to have the case decided by the court based on the seven-day trial record. On March 30, 2006, the district court issued an order entering judgment in favor of Fisher-Price, Inc. with respect to patent infringement and invalidated claim 25 of the Company’s United States Patent No. 5,813,861. On May 1, 2006, the Company filed a notice of appeal with the court of appeal for the Federal Circuit Court.
LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. v. Lexington Insurance Co.
In October 2004, the Company filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Alameda, against Lexington Insurance Co., alleging breach of contract and bad faith in denying the Company coverage for the Company’s costs with respect to patent infringement claims filed against the Company in three prior litigations. The Company is seeking approximately $3.5 million in damages to recover the Company’s defense fees and indemnity payments. On January 4, 2006, the court granted the Company’s motion for summary adjudication on three causes of action. The parties have scheduled formal mediation for July 2006 as a means of arriving at a settlement of this matter.
Stockholder Class Actions
In December 2003, April 2005 and June 2005, six purported class action lawsuits were filed in federal district court for the northern district of California against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors alleging violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These actions have since been consolidated into a single proceeding captionedIn Re LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. Securities Litigation.
On January 27, 2006, the lead plaintiffs in this action filed an amended and consolidated complaint. This complaint purports to be a class action seeking unspecified damages on behalf of persons who acquired the Company’s Class A common stock during the period July 24, 2003 through October 18, 2004. The complaint alleges that the defendants caused the Company to make false and misleading statements about the Company’s business and forecasts about the Company’s financial performance, that certain of its individual officers and directors sold portions of their stock holdings while in the possession of adverse, non-public information, and that certain of the Company’s financial statements were false and misleading. On March 27, 2006, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended and consolidated complaint.The motion is scheduled to be heard on July 21, 2006. Discovery has not commenced and a trial date has not been set.
The Company has not accrued any amount related to this matter because it is not probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of liability, if any, is not currently estimable.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The following discussion and analysis should be read with our financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “planned,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” and “would” or any variations of words with similar meanings. These forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Specific factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, risks and uncertainties discussed in this report, including those discussed in Part II, Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors” and those that are or may be discussed from time to time in our public announcements and filings with the SEC, such as in our 2005 Form 10-K , under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our future Forms 8-K, 10-Q and 10-K. We undertake no obligation to revise the forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of the filing of this report.
OVERVIEW
LeapFrog’s mission is to become the leading brand for quality, technology-based educational products for home, school and work for all ages around the world. To date, we have established our brand and products largely focused on infants, toddlers and children in preschool through grade school and primarily in the U.S. retail market. While we believe that LeapFrog is, first and foremost, an educational products company, we use the toy form and price points to make learning fun and cost-effective. As a result, our sales in our U.S. Consumer and International segments, our largest business segments, currently are generated in the toy aisles of retailers. We have sold the products of our Education and Training segment predominantly to educational institutions.
We design, develop and market technology-based educational platforms, related interactive content research-based curriculum, and stand-alone products for sale to retailers, distributors and schools. We operate three business segments, which we refer to as U.S. Consumer, International, and Education and Training. For further information regarding our three business segments, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this report.
Our U.S. Consumer segment represented 70% of our first quarter 2006 sales. The majority of this segment’s sales by retailers occurs in the toy aisle of several major U.S. retailers. The market for toy retailers has seen, and continues to see, consolidation. In addition to the traditional channel of specialty toy retailers, of which Toys “R” Us has become the major player, the mass-market retail channel has grown in importance. For example, Wal-Mart, Target and a number of regional mass-market retailers have seen growth in their market shares within the U.S. toy retail market. The mass-market retailers have certain competitive advantages in the highly seasonal toy market because they have the ability to dedicate a significant amount of shelf space to toys during the fall holiday season, and then reduce the allocated shelf space for toys during the rest of the year. In addition, these mass-market retailers have greater financial resources and lower operating expenses than traditional specialty toy retailers and have driven down pricing and reduced profit margins for us and other players in the retail toy industry. We anticipate that the toy industry’s dependence on mass-market retailers will continue to grow. Partially as a result of the influence of the mass-market retailers, Toys “R” Us conducted a strategic evaluation of its worldwide assets, and in July 2005 was acquired by a private investment group. In January 2006, Toys “R” Us announced it will close 75 store locations and convert another 12 locations into Babies “R” Us stores and it expects these store closings to be completed during the first half of 2006. This restructuring will result in a reduction of the number of products that Toys “R” Us purchases from us, though the dollar impact is currently unknown.
In our International segment, we sell our products outside the United States directly to retailers and through various distribution and strategic arrangements. We have four direct sales offices in the United Kingdom, Canada, France and Mexico. We also maintain various distribution and strategic arrangements in countries such as Australia, Japan, Germany and Spain among others. The International segment represented approximately 18% of our total net sales during the first quarter of 2006.
Our Education and Training segment, which is represented almost entirely by our SchoolHouse division, currently targets the pre-kindergarten through 8th grade school market in the United States, including sales directly to educational institutions, to teacher supply stores and through catalogs aimed at educators. The Education and Training segment represented approximately 12% of our total net sales during the first quarter of 2006.
12
Business Update
We continue to focus on the three objectives listed below.
| • | | Managing our cost structure to improve long-term profitability; |
| • | | Strengthening our infrastructure and business processes; and |
| • | | Introducing new products and programs that strengthen the product line for the long-term. |
Although we have made significant progress, there remains work to be completed and additional actions need to be taken to further strengthen our infrastructure and business processes.
Specifically, we are taking the following steps to further improve our cost structure and our business processes by:
| • | | Installing the second phase of an Oracle 11i enterprise resource planning, or ERP, system. This system will improve the linkage between sales forecasting and inventory planning, and improve service levels as well as the quality and timeliness of information available on which to make decisions. |
| • | | Continuing our transition to a turnkey mode of operations, whereby contract manufacturers will manage the supply of raw materials into the manufacturing process. These “turnkey” operations provide a more effective supply chain process by allowing our engineering resources to focus on product design and manufacturability while our contract manufacturers manage the supply of raw materials into the process. |
| • | | Rationalizing creative and business processes to drive innovation and reduce bureaucracy. |
To introduce new products and programs that strengthen the product line we will be:
| • | | Introducing Little Leaps and Leapster TV in 2006 - our first simultaneous domestic and international launches. |
| • | | Introducing Spanish and French version of Leapster, and expanding the number of Leapster software titles available in other markets. |
| • | | Introducing five new products to the SchoolHouse market, including LeapTrack Reading Pro, a classroom solution for slow readers, and Picture Dictionary, an interactive book for English learners. |
| • | | Expanding software offerings for the FLY Pentop Computer. |
| • | | Pursuing third-party outbound licensing opportunities. |
| • | | Expanding our international markets. |
Laying the foundation for profitable growth will require us to increase our investment in research and development over 2005 levels, while continuing to support strong marketing programs. The impact of these investments will not be realized until after 2006.
Summary of Current Results
Our consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2006 were $66.5 million, a decrease of $5.4 million or 7% compared to the same period in 2005. On a constant currency basis which assumes that foreign currency exchange rates were the same in 2006 as 2005, total company net sales decreased 7% from 2005 to 2006. Net sales declined in our International and Education and Training segments partially offset by a net sales increase in our U.S. Consumer segment. The U.S. Consumer business increased primarily due to increased sales of our Leapster products including related software and accessories. This net sales increase was partially offset by continuing declines in our LeapPad family of products in the U.S. Consumer segment. The decline in our International segment was driven by lower sales in the U.K. market. The sales decline in our Education and Training segment was primarily due to a continuation of prior year trends.
As we ended 2005, inventory levels at our U.S. retailers increased over the prior year, due in part to the stocking of the FLY Pentop Computer for the 2005 holiday season. We believe overall retail inventories will be reduced in 2006, which would unfavorably impact our 2006 sales.
Our first quarter gross margin decreased by 1.3 percentage points to 37.3% in 2006 from 38.6 % in the same period of 2005. The unfavorable segment mix contributed to the overall decline in gross margin. The International and Education and Training segments typically have higher gross margins than the U.S. Consumer segment. These segments were proportionately less of total company sales mix compared to the first quarter of 2005. In our International segment there was a decline of 9.4 percentage points primarily due to higher sales allowances and discounts, unfavorable product mix and the impact of fixed warehouse costs on a lower sales base. Gross margin improved in the U.S. Consumer segment by 2.9 percentage points
13
primarily due to improved product mix and lower allowances for defective products. The decrease in our Education and Training segment’s gross margin of 1.0 percentage point was primarily due to unfavorable product mix and the impact of fixed warehouse costs on reduced sales volume.
Our selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 1%, during the first quarter of 2006 compared to the same period in 2005. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related employee benefits, legal fees, marketing expenses, systems costs, rent, office equipment, supplies and professional fees. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction of legal fees. This reduction was partially offset by compensation expense resulting from the recognition of stock-based payments under the provisions of SFAS 123(R) for stock options for the first time and for other equity-based programs.
Total stock-based compensation expense was $2.4 million and $0.3 million during the first quarter of 2006 and 2005, respectively. Included in the $2.4 million was $0.6 million related to employee stock options of which $0.4 million was in selling general and administrative expense and $0.2 million was in research and development expense. There was no corresponding expense for the first quarter of 2005. For the first quarter of 2006, stock-based compensation expense of $1.5 million was recorded in selling general and administrative expense compared to $0.1 million for the same period in 2005, and the remainder was recorded in research and development expense. We expect equity-based compensation expense for the full year to be approximately $6 million higher than in 2005.
Our research and development expenses decreased by $2.2 million, or 15%, in the first quarter of 2006 compared to same period in 2005. The decrease was primarily due to timing as we expect the full year research and development costs to exceed 2005 levels. Included in research and development expenses in the first quarter of 2006 was $0.8 million of equity-based compensation compares to $0.3 million in 2005. Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs associated with content development, product development and product engineering.
Our loss from operations increased by $0.1 million to $29.2 million during the first quarter of 2006 from $29.1 million during the first quarter of 2005. The increased loss was primarily due to lower sales and lower gross margin, partially offset by lower operating expenses.
Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and reported disclosures. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, allowances for accounts receivable, inventory valuation, intangible assets and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on complex and subjective judgments often resulting from determining estimates about the impact of events and conditions that are inherently uncertain. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in our 2005 Form 10-K. Certain accounting policies are particularly important to the presentation of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management. We believe the following critical accounting policies are the most significant in affecting judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when products are shipped and title passes to the customer provided that there are no significant post-delivery obligations to the customer and collection is reasonably assured. Net sales represent gross sales less negotiated price allowances based primarily on volume purchasing levels, estimated returns, allowances for defective products, markdowns and other sales allowances for customer promotions. A small portion of our revenue related to training and subscriptions is deferred and recognized as revenue over a period of one to 18 months.
14
Allowances for Accounts Receivable
We reduce accounts receivable by an allowance for amounts we believe will become uncollectible. This allowance is an estimate based primarily on our management’s evaluation of the customer’s financial condition, past collection history and aging of the accounts receivable balances. If the financial condition of any of our customers deteriorates, resulting in impairment of its ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.
We provide estimated allowances for product returns, chargebacks, promotions and defectives on product sales in the same period that we record the related revenue. We estimate our allowances by utilizing historical information for existing products. For new products, we estimate our allowances for product returns on specific terms and our experience with similar products. We continually assess our historical experience and adjust our allowances as appropriate, and consider other known factors. If actual product returns, chargebacks, promotions and defective products are greater than our estimates, additional allowances may be required. Historically, our estimated allowances for accounts receivables, returns, chargebacks, promotions and defectives have been adequate to cover actual charges.
We disclose our allowances for doubtful accounts on the face of the balance sheet. Our other receivable allowances include allowances for product returns, chargebacks, defective products and promotional markdowns. These other allowances totaled $25.6 million, $30.7 million and $44.4 million at March 31, 2006, March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2005, respectively. The decrease in other receivable allowances was primarily due to lower allowance for price corrections, offset by higher promotional allowances. These allowances are recorded as reductions of gross accounts receivable.
Inventory Valuation
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, measured on a first-in, first-out basis, or market value. Our estimate of the allowance for slow-moving, excess and obsolete inventories is based on our management’s review of on hand inventories compared to their estimated future usage, demand for our products, anticipated product selling prices and products planned for discontinuation. If actual future usage, demand for our products and anticipated product selling prices are less favorable than those projected by our management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Management monitors these estimates on a quarterly basis. When considered necessary, management makes additional adjustments to reduce inventory to its net realizable value, with corresponding increases to cost of goods sold. Allowances for excess and obsolete inventory were $21.1 million, $17.6 million and $24.2 million at March 31, 2006, March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2005, respectively, and are recorded as a reduction of gross inventories.
Valuation of work-in-process inventory is an estimation of our liability for products in production at the end of each fiscal period. This estimation is based upon normal production lead-times for products we have scheduled to receive in subsequent periods, plus a valuation of products we specifically know are either completed or delayed in production beyond the normal lead-time flow. To the extent that actual work-in-process differs from our estimates, inventory and accounts payable may need to be adjusted.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets include the excess purchase price over the cost of net assets acquired, or goodwill. Goodwill arose from our September, 1997 acquisition of substantially all the assets and business of our predecessor, LeapFrog RBT, and our acquisition of substantially all the assets of Explore Technologies in July 1998. Our intangible assets had a net balance of $27.2 million, $29.0 million and $27.6 million at March 31, 2006, March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2005, respectively and is allocated to our U.S. Consumer segment. Pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (SFAS 142), goodwill and other intangibles with indefinite lives are tested for impairment at least annually. At March 31, 2006, March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2005, we had $19.5 million of goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives. We tested our goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment during the fourth quarter of 2005 by comparing their carrying values to their estimated fair values. As a result of this assessment, we determined that no adjustments were necessary to the stated values.
Intangible assets with other than indefinite lives include patents, trademarks and licenses, one of which is a ten-year technology license agreement entered into in January 2004 to jointly develop and customize our optical scanning technology. The determination of related useful lives and whether the intangible assets are impaired involves significant judgment. Changes in strategy or market conditions could significantly impact these judgments and require that adjustments be recorded to asset balances. We review intangible assets, as well as other long-lived assets, for impairment at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be fully recoverable.
15
Stock-Based Compensation
At March 31, 2006, we had stock-based compensation plans for employees and nonemployee directors which authorized the granting of various equity-based incentives including restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock options. The vesting periods for restricted stock and restricted stock units are generally three and four years, respectively. We also grant stock options to certain of our employees for a fixed number of shares with an exercise price generally equal to the fair value of the shares on the date of grant. These options generally vest over a four year period.
Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for the stock-based compensation plans under the measurement and recognition provisions of APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related Interpretations, permitted under Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (SFAS 123). As a result, stock-based compensation was included as a pro forma disclosure in the Notes to the financial statements.
Effective, January 1, 2006, we adopted the recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123 (R), “Share-Based Compensation” (SFAS 123(R)), using the modified-prospective transition method. Under this transition method, compensation cost in 2006 included the portion vesting in the period for (1) all share-based payments granted prior to, but not vested, as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS 123, and (2) all share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R). Results for the prior periods have not been restated.
The fair value of each stock option granted is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The total grant date fair value is recognized over the vesting period of the options. The weighted-average assumptions for the expected life and the expected stock price volatility used in the model require the exercise of judgment. The expected life of the options represent the period of time the options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the guidance provided in the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 on Share-Based Payment. Expected stock price volatility is based on a consideration of historical and implied volatilities, as well as the volatilities of others public entities in our industry. The risk–free interest rate used in the model is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and has a term equal to the expected life.
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units are payable in shares of our Class A common stock. The fair value of each restricted stock or unit is equal the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant. The grant date fair value is recognized in income over the vesting period of these stock-based awards. The cost of our performance-based equity awards are expensed based on achieving pre-established financial measures, including certain stock price milestones. Stock-based compensation arrangements to non-employees are accounted for using a fair value approach. The compensation costs of these arrangements are subject to re-measurement over the vesting terms.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is warranted, we take into account such factors as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carryback and carryforward periods, and tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of realization of a deferred tax asset.
Our financial statements include sufficient accruals for probable future assessments that may result from the examination of federal, state or international tax returns. Our tax accruals, tax provision, deferred tax assets or income tax liabilities may be adjusted if there are changes in circumstances, such as changes in tax law, tax audits or other factors, which may cause management to revise its estimates. The amounts ultimately paid on any probable future assessments may differ from the amounts accrued and may result in an increase or reduction to the effective tax rate in the year of resolution.
16
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth selected information concerning our results of operations as a percentage of consolidated net sales for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Net sales | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % |
Cost of sales | | 62.7 | | | 61.4 | |
| | | | | | |
Gross profit | | 37.3 | | | 38.6 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative | | 49.3 | | | 46.2 | |
Research and development | | 18.8 | | | 20.5 | |
Advertising | | 9.3 | | | 9.0 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | 3.8 | | | 3.4 | |
| | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | 81.2 | | | 79.1 | |
| | | | | | |
Loss from operations | | (43.9 | ) | | (40.5 | ) |
Interest and other income (expense) net | | 2.6 | | | 1.3 | |
| | | | | | |
Loss before benefit for income taxes | | (41.3 | ) | | (39.2 | ) |
Benefit for income taxes | | (5.8 | ) | | (11.6 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net loss | | (35.5 | )% | | (27.6 | )% |
| | | | | | |
Net Sales
Net sales decreased by $5.4 million, or 7% to $66.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2006 from $71.9 million in the comparable period of 2005. On a constant currency basis, which assumes that the foreign currency rates were the same in the first quarter of 2006 as in the same period of 2005, our net sales decreased by 7%. A net sales increase in our U.S. Consumer segment was exceeded by the net sales decrease in our International and Education and Training segments.
Net sales for each segment, in dollars and as a percentage of total company net sales, were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
Segment | | $ (1) | | % of Total Company Sales | | | $ (1) | | % of Total Company Sales | | | $ (1) | | | % | |
U.S. Consumer | | $ | 46.8 | | 70 | % | | $ | 44.3 | | 62 | % | | $ | 2.5 | | | 6 | % |
International | | | 12.0 | | 18 | % | | | 17.5 | | 24 | % | | | (5.5 | ) | | (31 | )% |
Education and Training | | | 7.7 | | 12 | % | | | 10.1 | | 14 | % | | | (2.4 | ) | | (24 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Company | | $ | 66.5 | | 100 | % | | $ | 71.9 | | 100 | % | | $ | (5.4 | ) | | (7 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
17
U.S. Consumer.
Net sales of platform, software and stand-alone products in dollars and as a percentage of the segment’s net sales were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Net Sales | | | | | | | | % of Total | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | Change | | | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2006 (1) | | 2005 (1) | | $ (1) | | | % | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Platform | | $ | 10.9 | | $ | 11.6 | | $ | (0.7 | ) | | (6 | )% | | 23 | % | | 26 | % |
Software | | | 22.8 | | | 17.9 | | | 4.9 | | | 27 | % | | 49 | % | | 41 | % |
Stand-alone | | | 13.1 | | | 14.8 | | | (1.7 | ) | | (11 | )% | | 28 | % | | 33 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Sales | | $ | 46.8 | | $ | 44.3 | | $ | 2.5 | | | (6 | )% | | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The net sales increase in the U.S. Consumer segment during the first quarter of 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 was a due to strong sales of Leapster and Leapster L-MAX products, partially offset by continuing declines in the LeapPad family of products.
International.Foreign currency exchange rates unfavorably impacted our International segment’s results. Had foreign exchange rates been unchanged from those during the same time period in 2005, our International segment’s sales decline would have been 28% instead of 31%. The net sales decrease in this segment was primarily due to:
| • | | Lower sales in the U.K. due to higher retail inventories of Leapster and LeapPad products. |
| • | | Significant competition in the U.K. market. |
| • | | Higher discounts and allowances in Canada and Mexico. |
Education and Training.Our Education and Training segment’s net sales decrease was due to lower sales of our classroom solutions.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for each segment and the related percentage of the segment’s net sales (gross margin) were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
Segment | | $ (1) | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | | % | |
U.S. Consumer | | $ | 15.7 | | 33.5 | % | | $ | 13.6 | | 30.6 | % | | $ | 2.1 | | | 15 | % |
International | | | 4.2 | | 34.6 | % | | | 7.7 | | 44.0 | % | | | (3.5 | ) | | (45 | )% |
Education and Training | | | 4.9 | | 63.6 | % | | | 6.5 | | 64.6 | % | | | (1.6 | ) | | (25 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Company | | $ | 24.8 | | 37.3 | % | | $ | 27.8 | | 38.6 | % | | $ | (3.0 | ) | | (11 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Consumer.The 2.9 percentage point increase in our gross profit margin for the first quarter of 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 was primarily due to improved product mix from higher software sales and reduced sales of lower-margin and stand-alone products.
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International. The 9.4 percentage point decline in gross profit margin was primarily due to higher sales allowances and discounts, unfavorable product mix, and the impact of fixed warehouse costs on a lower sales base, partially offset by lower product cost.
Education and Training.The 1.0 percentage point decrease in our Education and Training segment’s gross margin year-over-year was primarily due to unfavorable product mix and the impact of fixed warehouse costs on reduced sales volume, partially offset by lower content amortization expense.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for each segment and the related percentage of the segment’s net sales were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
Segment | | $ (1) | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | | % | |
U.S. Consumer | | $ | 23.9 | | 51.1 | % | | $ | 23.4 | | 53.0 | % | | $ | 0.5 | | | 2 | % |
International | | | 4.0 | | 33.3 | % | | | 4.2 | | 23.7 | % | | | (0.2 | ) | | (5 | )% |
Education and Training | | | 4.9 | | 63.6 | % | | | 5.6 | | 55.4 | % | | | (0.7 | ) | | (12 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Company | | $ | 32.8 | | 49.3 | % | | $ | 33.2 | | 46.2 | % | | $ | (0.4 | ) | | (1 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
We record all of our indirect expenses in our U.S. Consumer segment and do not allocate these expenses to our International and Education and Training segments.
The overall $0.4 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to:
| • | | Lower legal expenses of approximately $3.0 million primarily attributable to litigation costs we incurred in the first quarter of 2005, which did not repeat during the first quarter of 2006. |
| • | | Benefits of cost reduction resulting from the 2005 workforce reduction. |
These factors were partially offset by:
| • | | Higher compensation expense due to adoption of SFAS 123 (R) effective January 1, 2006, requiring expense recognition of stock options granted to employees for the first time as well as higher compensation expense for performance shares, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards. Total equity-based compensation expense for the first quarter of 2006 was $1.5 million compared to $0.1 million for the same period in 2005. |
| • | | Higher information technology expenses of approximately $2.0 million for employee and consulting costs associated with our ERP system. |
For the full year, we expect to recognize $6.0 million more in expense for equity-based compensation in 2006, than in 2005, of which a portion will be included in research and development expenses relating to employees working in that department.
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Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses for each segment and the related percentage of the segment’s net sales were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
Segment | | $ (1) | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | | % | |
U.S. Consumer | | $ | 10.6 | | 22.6 | % | | $ | 13.2 | | 29.9 | % | | $ | (2.6 | ) | | (20 | )% |
International | | | 0.8 | | 6.7 | % | | | 0.8 | | 4.6 | % | | | 0.0 | | | 0 | % |
Education and Training | | | 1.1 | | 14.3 | % | | | 0.7 | | 6.9 | % | | | 0.4 | | | 57 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Company | | $ | 12.5 | | 18.8 | % | | $ | 14.7 | | 20.5 | % | | $ | (2.2 | ) | | (15 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
We record all of our indirect expenses in our U.S. Consumer segment and do not allocate these expenses to our International and Education and Training segments.
Research and development expenses decreased in relation to the prior year due to spending related to the FLY platform in the first quarter of 2005 in preparation for the Fall release, while the Education and Training segment had slightly increased spending. In addition, during the first quarter of 2006, we capitalized approximately $1.4 million of our content development costs. During the same period of 2005, we capitalized $0.5 million. Offsetting these decreases we recorded $0.8 million for equity-based compensation expense in the first quarter of 2006, compared to $0.2 million for the first quarter of 2005.
We expect to increase our overall spending on research and development in 2006 over 2005 levels to support development of new offerings and the expansion of current product lines.
Research and development expenses, which we classify into two categories, product development and content development, were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
| | $ (1) | | % of Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | % of Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | | % | |
Product development | | $ | 7.1 | | 10.7 | % | | $ | 6.9 | | 9.6 | % | | $ | 0.2 | | | 3 | % |
Content development | | | 5.4 | | 8.1 | % | | | 7.8 | | 10.9 | % | | | (2.4 | ) | | (31 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and Development | | $ | 12.5 | | 18.8 | % | | $ | 14.7 | | 20.5 | % | | $ | (2.2 | ) | | (15 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Advertising Expense
Advertising expenses during the quarter for each segment and related percentage of our total net sales were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
Segment | | $ (1) | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | | % | |
U.S. Consumer | | $ | 4.8 | | 10.3 | % | | $ | 4.5 | | 10.1 | % | | $ | 0.3 | | | 7 | % |
International | | | 1.4 | | 11.7 | % | | | 2.0 | | 11.2 | % | | | (0.6 | ) | | (30 | )% |
Education and Training | | | 0.0 | | 0.0 | % | | | 0.0 | | 0.0 | % | | | 0.0 | | | 0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Company | | $ | 6.2 | | 9.3 | % | | $ | 6.5 | | 9.0 | % | | $ | (0.3 | ) | | (5 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The decrease in advertising expense for the first quarter of 2006 as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year was primarily due to lower television advertising in the U.K. and Canada. Although we did an advertising campaign in the U.K. to launch new spring products during the quarter, our U.K. advertising expense declined by $0.5 million compared to the same period in 2005. The decrease in Canada was due to plans to shift all television advertising to Fall of 2006.
Historically, our advertising expense increases significantly in dollars and as a percentage of net sales starting in the third and most heavily in the fourth quarters due to the concentration of our television advertising in the pre-holiday selling period. We anticipate that this seasonal trend will continue in 2006, but we expect that our full-year advertising spending will be consistent as a percentage of sales with historical levels.
Depreciation and Amortization Expenses (excluding depreciation of tooling and amortization of content development expenses, which are included in cost of sales)
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $0.1 million, or 4%, from $2.4 million in the first quarter of 2005, to $2.5 million in the first quarter of 2006. As a percentage of net sales, depreciation and amortization expenses increased to 3.8% in the first quarter of 2006 compared to 3.4% for the same period in 2005.
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Income (Loss) From Operations
Income or loss from operations for each segment and the related percentage of segment net sales were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
Segment | | $ (1) | | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | | % of Segment Net Sales | | | $ (1) | | | % | |
U.S. Consumer | | $ | (26.0 | ) | | (55.6 | )% | | $ | (30.0 | ) | | (67.8 | )% | | $ | 4.0 | | | (13 | )% |
International | | | (2.0 | ) | | (16.7 | )% | | | 0.7 | | | 4.2 | % | | | (2.7 | ) | | (386 | )% |
Education and Training | | | (1.2 | ) | | (15.6 | )% | | | 0.2 | | | 1.9 | % | | | (1.4 | ) | | (700 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Company | | $ | (29.2 | ) | | (43.9 | )% | | $ | (29.1 | ) | | (40.5 | )% | | $ | (0.1 | ) | | 0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
We record all of our indirect expenses in our U.S. Consumer segment and do not allocate these expenses to our International and Education and Training segments.
U.S. Consumer.The lower loss from operations in our U.S. Consumer segment is primarily due to higher net sales, higher gross margin and lower operating expenses.
International.Our International loss from operations is primarily due to lower net sales and lower gross margin.
Education and Training.The Education and Training segment’s loss from operations was primarily due to lower net sales and lower gross margin.
Other
Net interest income increased by $0.5 million from $0.9 million in the first quarter of 2005 to $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2006. This increase was due to higher market interest rates and from increasing the percentage of investments in higher–rate taxable interest securities compared to tax-exempt securities.
Other income (expense), net consisted primarily of foreign currency and related activities, increased by $0.4 million, from income of $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2005 to income of $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2006.
Our effective tax rate was 13.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to 29.5% for the same period in 2005. The lower effective tax rate in 2006 was primarily due to the benefits resulting from our international sourcing arrangements and research and development credits. We currently anticipate our effective income tax rate for the full-year to be approximately 14%.
Net Loss
In the first quarter of 2006, our net loss was $23.6 million, or 35% of net sales, as a result of the factors described above. In the same period of 2005, our net loss was $19.9 million, or 28% of net sales.
SEASONALITY
Our business is subject to significant seasonal fluctuations. The substantial majority of our net sales and almost all of our net income are realized during the third and fourth calendar quarters. In addition, our quarterly results of operations have fluctuated significantly in the past, and can be expected to continue to fluctuate significantly in the future, as a result of many factors, including:
| • | | seasonal influences on our sales, such as the holiday shopping season and back-to-school purchasing; |
| • | | unpredictable changes in consumer preferences and spending trends; |
| • | | the need to increase inventories in advance of our primary selling season; and |
| • | | the timing of orders by our customers and timing of introductions of our new products. |
For a discussion of these and other factors affecting seasonality, see - “Our business is seasonal, and therefore our annual operating results will depend, in large part, on sales relating to the brief holiday season” discussed in Part II, Item 1A, under the heading “Risk Factors.”
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
LeapFrog’s primary sources of liquidity during the three months ended March 31, 2006 have been:
| • | | Existing cash and cash equivalents balances. |
| • | | Cash received from the collection of accounts receivable balances generated from sales in the fourth quarter of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006. |
Cash and related balances are:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | | |
| | 2006(1) | | | 2005(1) | | | Change(1) | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 97.6 | | | $ | 35.3 | | | $ | 62.3 | |
Short-term investments | | | 104.7 | | | | 150.8 | | | | (46.1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 202.3 | | | $ | 186.1 | | | $ | 16.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
% of total assets | | | 39 | % | | | 38 | % | | | | |
Financial Condition
We believe our current cash and short-term investments, anticipated cash flow from operations and future seasonal borrowings, if any, will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital requirements through at least the end of 2006.
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $49.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to a decrease of $25.2 million during the same period in 2005. The change in cash and cash equivalents was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | | |
| | 2006(1) | | | 2005(1) | | | Change(1) | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 133.1 | | | $ | 90.6 | | | $ | 42.5 | |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | | (84.6 | ) | | | (116.2 | ) | | | 31.6 | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 1.3 | | | | 3.2 | | | | (1.9 | ) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | | | (0.6 | ) | | | (2.8 | ) | | | 2.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 49.2 | | | $ | (25.2 | ) | | $ | 74.4 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our cash flow is very seasonal and the vast majority of our sales historically occur in the last two quarters of the year as retailers expand inventories for the holiday selling season. Our accounts receivable balances are generally the highest in the last two months of the fourth quarter, and payments are not due until the first quarter of the following year. Cash used in operations is typically the highest in the third quarter as we increase inventory to meet the holiday season demand. The following table shows certain quarterly cash flows from operating activities data that illustrate the seasonality of our business:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cash Flow From Operating Activities | |
| | 2006 (1) | | 2005 (1) | | | 2004 (1) | |
1st Quarter | | $ | 133.1 | | $ | 90.6 | | | $ | 108.3 | |
2nd Quarter | | | NA | | | 65.3 | | | | (31.8 | ) |
3rd Quarter | | | NA | | | (20.6 | ) | | | (48.5 | ) |
4th Quarter | | | NA | | | (110.6 | ) | | | (27.9 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | NA | | $ | (24.7 | ) | | $ | 0.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
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In November 2005 we entered into a $75.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility with Bank of America. Availability under this agreement was $23.9 million as of March 31, 2006. The borrowing availability varies according to the levels of our accounts receivable, inventory and cash and investment securities deposited in secured accounts with the administrative agent or other lenders.
The revolving credit facility contains customary events of default, including payment failures; failure to comply with covenants; failure to satisfy other obligations under the credit agreements or related documents; defaults in respect of other indebtedness; bankruptcy, insolvency and inability to pay debts when due; material judgments; change in control provisions and the invalidity of the guaranty or security agreements. The cross-default provision applies if a default occurs on other indebtedness in excess of $5.0 million and the applicable grace period in respect of the indebtedness has expired, such that the lender of, or trustee for, the defaulted indebtedness has the right to accelerate. If an event of default occurs, the lenders may terminate their commitments, declare immediately all borrowings under the credit facility as due and foreclose on the collateral.
Operating Activities
The $42.5 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 was primarily due to the following factors:
| • | | Higher collections of accounts receivable in the first quarter of 2006 compared to the same period in 2005. |
| • | | Reduced raw material purchases. |
Working Capital – Major Components
Accounts receivable
Gross accounts receivable was $51.9 million at March 31, 2006, $71.7 million at March 31, 2005 and $259.1 million at December 31, 2005. Allowances for doubtful accounts were $1.6 million at March 31, 2006, $2.4 million at March 31, 2005 and $1.3 million at December 31, 2005. Our days-sales-outstanding, or DSO, at March 31, 2006 was 67 days compared to 86.8 days at March 31, 2005. Our DSO at December 31, 2005 was 93.3 days. The improved level of days sales outstanding is generally due to the segment mix of accounts receivable. Our international markets generally have longer payment terms. We have also improved the timeliness of resolution of disputed sales discounts and allowances over the same period last year.
Allowances for doubtful accounts, as a percentage of gross accounts receivable, was 3.1% at March 31, 2006 compared to 3.3% at March 31, 2005. At December 31, 2005, allowances for accounts receivable were 0.5% of gross accounts receivable.
Inventory
Inventory, net of allowances, was $163.7 million at March 31, 2006, $129.3 million at March 31, 2005 and $169.1 million at December 31, 2005. Inventory decreased by $5.4 million, or 3%, from December 31, 2005 to March 31, 2006. This decrease from year end is consistent with the seasonality of our business and overall sales growth. Our inventory levels have been higher than desired therefore, we are implementing strategies to better forecast and control our inventories.
Deferred income taxes
We recorded a current deferred tax asset of $11.1 million at March 31, 2006, $34.2 million at March 31, 2005 and $10.7 million at December 31, 2005. The year-over-year decrease in our deferred income tax asset was primarily due to the timing of realizing other deferred tax assets and the receipt of a tax refund during the fourth quarter of 2005.
We recorded a non-current deferred tax asset of $19.3 million at March 31, 2006, $7.1 million at March 31, 2005 and $16.6 million at December 31, 2005. The increase was primarily due to additional research and development credits available to be carried forward in future periods.
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Accounts payable
Accounts payable was $22.5 million at March 31, 2006, $32.2 million at March 31, 2005 and $74.3 million at December 31, 2005. The decreases in accounts payable reflect reduced inventory purchases in the first quarter of 2006.
Income taxes payable
Income taxes payable was $0.4 million at March 31, 2006, $6.8 million at March 31, 2005 and $1.8 million at December 31, 2005. The decrease from March 31, 2005 to March 31, 2006 was primarily due to changes in estimates of our liability based on our assessment of current conditions.
In the first three months of 2006, $0.8 million in income tax payments were made. We paid $0.4 million in the same period of 2005. The income tax payments were primarily due to foreign income taxes resulting from taxable income in our International business segment.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $84.6 million in the first quarter ended March 31, 2006, compared to a use of $116.2 million for the same period in 2005. The primary components of net cash used in investing activities for the first quarter of 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 were:
| • | | Net purchases of investments of $179.7 million in 2006 compared with purchases of $190.7 million in 2005. |
| • | | Sale of short-term investments of $98.8 million in 2006 compared to $76.5 million in 2005. |
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.3 million in the first quarter ended March 31, 2006 compared to $3.2 million for the same period in 2005. The primary component of cash provided by financing activities in both years was proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and purchases of our Class A common stock pursuant to our employee stock purchase plan.
Commitments
In March 2006, we amended the lease for our corporate headquarters located in Emeryville, California, to acquire additional space, effective January 1, 2007 or earlier at our option. Our minimum lease obligation over the term of the lease which terminates in 2016 is $5.2 million.
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. |
We develop products in the United States and market our products primarily in North America and, to a lesser extent, in Europe and the rest of the world. We are billed by and pay our third-party manufacturers in U.S. dollars. Sales to our international customers are transacted primarily in the country’s local currency. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets.
We manage our foreign currency transaction exposure by entering into short-term forward contracts. The purpose of this hedging program is to minimize the foreign currency exchange gain or loss reported in our financial statements. We recorded a net loss of $0.6 and a net gain of $1.1 on the foreign currency forward contracts for the quarters ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. We also recorded a net gain of $0.9 and a net loss of $0.7 on the underlying transactions denominated in foreign currencies for the quarters ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
25
Our foreign exchange forward contracts generally have original maturities of one month or less. A summary of all foreign exchange forward contracts that were outstanding as of March 31, 2006 follows:
| | | | | | | | |
Currency | | Average Forward Exchange Rate | | Notional Amount | | Fair Value (1) | |
British Pound | | 1.73430 | | 10,233,125 | | $ | 11,167 | |
Euro | | 1.19680 | | 9,477,000 | | | (126,818 | ) |
Canadian Dollar | | 1.16530 | | 17,869,936 | | | (9,273 | ) |
Mexican Peso | | 10.93050 | | 96,154,000 | | | (49,373 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | $ | (174,297 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
(1) | In exact U.S. dollars. |
Cash equivalents and short-term investments are presented at fair value on our balance sheets. We invest our excess cash in accordance with our investment policy. At March 31, 2006, March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2005, our cash was invested primarily in money market funds, municipal auction rate securities and auction preferred securities. Any adverse changes in interest rates or securities prices may decrease the value of our short-term investments and operating results.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures. |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures or “disclosure controls.” This controls evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Disclosure controls are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
The evaluation of our disclosure controls included a review of the controls’ objectives and design, our implementation of the controls and the effect of the controls on the information generated for use in this report. In the course of the controls evaluation, we reviewed and identified data errors and control problems and sought to confirm that appropriate corrective actions, including process improvements, were being undertaken. This type of evaluation is performed on a quarterly basis so that the conclusions of management, including the CEO and CFO, concerning the effectiveness of the disclosure controls can be reported in our periodic reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K.
Based upon the controls evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as a result of the matters discussed below with respect to our internal control over financial reporting, our disclosure controls as of March 31, 2006 were not effective.
CEO and CFO Certifications
Attached as exhibits to this quarterly report, there are “Certifications” of the CEO and the CFO required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications. This Controls and Procedures section of the quarterly report includes the information concerning the Controls Evaluation referred to in the Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications and it should be read in conjunction with the Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.
Remediation Actions to Address Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, the end of our fiscal year. Based on this assessment, management identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to the review and analysis of account reconciliations. Management believes that actions that we have taken or expect to take in 2006 will address this material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. Some of these remediation actions are discussed below.
26
Remediation Actions Taken During the Quarter Ended March 31, 2006
| • | | Enhanced the review process and increased structured communication with our international finance controllers, including regularly scheduled calls to discuss accounting and operational issues and timely review of operating results and financial condition. |
| • | | Increased emphasis on receiving timely and accurate international data in order to facilitate a more effective monthly close process. |
| • | | Implemented process improvements to support timely reconciliation of all major balance sheet accounts on a monthly basis. |
| • | | Worked with our information technology staff to ensure that adequate information for reviewing transactions posted by users with incompatible access rights is sufficient to detect inconsistent or unusual activity. |
| • | | Planned ERP supply chain systems upgrade by the third quarter of 2006. |
Remediation Actions Taken or to be Taken After the Quarter Ended March 31, 2006
| • | | Continue to identify and hire appropriate personnel with accounting experience commensurate with responsibilities. |
| • | | Clearly define roles and responsibilities throughout the accounting/finance organization. |
| • | | Work with the information technology organization to ensure that accounting/finance staff has appropriate training in Oracle 11i applications. |
| • | | Implement ERP supply chain systems upgrade by the end of third quarter of 2006. |
| • | | Continue strengthening of personnel through training of existing staff and recruitment of seasoned professionals to supplement existing staff. |
| • | | Increase utilization of systems to strengthen and automate primary controls. |
| • | | Continue to improve processes and procedures to manage oversight of control activities. |
| • | | Rationalize the number of manual primary controls and increase reliance on automated controls. |
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
LeapFrog’s management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Except as noted above under the heading, “Remediation Actions to Address Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting—Actions Taken During the Quarter Ended March 31, 2006,” there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2006 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings. |
We are party to various pending claims and lawsuits. We intend to defend or pursue these suits vigorously.
Tinkers & Chance v. LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc.
In August 2005, a complaint was filed against us in the federal district court for the eastern district of Texas by Tinkers & Chance, a Texas partnership. The complaint alleges that we have infringed, and induced others to infringe, United States Patent No. 6,739,874 by making, selling and/or offering for sale in the United States and/or importing our LeapPad and Leapster platforms and other unspecified products. Tinkers & Chance seeks unspecified monetary damages, including triple damages based on their allegation of willful and deliberate infringement, attorneys’ fees and injunctive relief. On February 28, 2006, Tinkers & Chance filed a motion to amend the original complaint to add a claim that we are infringing United States Patent No. 7,006,786, and on March 28, 2006, Tinkers & Chance filed a motion to add a claim that we are infringing United States Patent No. 7,018,213. Both of these motions have been granted. On April 18, 2006, Tinkers & Chance filed a motion to further amend the complaint to add a claim that we are infringing United States Patent No. 7,029,283. Discovery has just begun, and trial is scheduled for June 2007.
We have not accrued any amount related to this matter based on our belief that it is not probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of liability, if any, is not currently estimable.
LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. v. Fisher-Price, Inc. and Mattel, Inc.
In October 2003, we filed a complaint in the federal district court for the district of Delaware against Fisher-Price, Inc., alleging that the Fisher-Price PowerTouch learning system violates United States Patent No. 5,813,861. In September 2004, Mattel, Inc. was joined as a defendant. We are seeking damages and injunctive relief. Following a trial the district court declared a mistrial because the jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict, and the parties stipulated to have the case decided by the court, based on the seven-day trial record. On March 30, 2006, the district court issued an order entering judgment in favor of Fisher-Price, Inc. with respect to patent infringement and invalidated claim 25 of our United States Patent No. 5,813,861. On May 1, we filed a notice of appeal with the court of appeal for the Federal Circuit Court.
LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. v. Lexington Insurance Co.
In October 2004, we filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Alameda, against Lexington Insurance Co., alleging breach of contract and bad faith in denying us coverage for our costs with respect to patent infringement claims filed against us in three prior litigations. We are seeking approximately $3.5 million in damages to recover our defense fees and indemnity payments. On January 4, 2006, the court granted our motion for summary adjudication on three causes of action. The parties have scheduled formal mediation for July 2006 as a means of arriving at a settlement of this matter.
Stockholder Class Actions
In December 2003, April 2005 and June 2005, six purported class action lawsuits were filed in federal district court for the northern district of California against Leapfrog and certain of our current and former officers and directors alleging violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These actions have since been consolidated into a single proceeding captionedIn Re LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. Securities Litigation.
On January 27, 2006, the lead plaintiffs in this action filed an amended and consolidated complaint. This complaint purports to be a class action seeking unspecified damages on behalf of persons who acquired our Class A common stock during the period July 24, 2003 through October 18, 2004. The complaint alleges that the defendants caused us to make false and misleading statements about our business and forecasts about Leapfrog’s financial performance, that certain of our individual officers and directors sold portions of their stock holdings while in the possession of adverse, non-public information, and that certain of our financial statements were false and misleading. On March 27, 2006, we filed a motion to dismiss the amended and consolidated complaint.The motion is scheduled to be heard on July 21, 2006. Discovery has not commenced and a trial date has not been set.
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We have not accrued any amount related to this matter because it is not probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of liability, if any, is not currently estimable.
Our business and the results of its operations are subject to many factors, some of which are beyond our control. The following is a description of some of the risks and uncertainties that may affect our future financial performance.
If we fail to predict consumer preferences and trends accurately, develop and introduce new products rapidly or enhance and extend our existing core products, our sales will suffer.
Sales of our platforms, related software and stand-alone products typically have grown in the periods following initial introduction, but we expect sales of specific products to decrease as they mature. For example, net sales of the Classic LeapPad and My First LeapPad in our U.S. Consumer business peaked in 2002 and have been declining since. Therefore, the introduction of new products and the enhancement and extension of existing products, through the introduction of additional software or by other means, is critical to our future sales growth. To remain competitive, we must continue to develop new technologies and products and enhance existing technologies and product lines, as well as successfully integrate third-party technology with our own.
The successful development of new products and the enhancement and extension of our current products will require us to anticipate the needs and preferences of consumers and educators and to forecast market and technological trends accurately. Consumer preferences, and particularly children’s preferences, are continuously changing and are difficult to predict. In addition, educational curricula change as states adopt new standards.
In 2005, we introduced a number of new platforms, stand-alone products, interactive books and other software for each of our three business segments, including our FLY Pentop Computer, which is targeted at an older age group of consumers than we have focused on in the past, and our Leapster L-MAX handheld for television-based learning. We cannot assure you that these products will be successful or that other products will be introduced or, if introduced, will be successful. The failure to enhance and extend our existing products or to develop and introduce new products that achieve and sustain market acceptance and produce acceptable margins would harm our business and operating results.
Our advertising and promotional activities may not be successful.
Our products are marketed through a diverse spectrum of advertising and promotional programs. Our ability to sell products is dependent in part upon the success of such programs. If we do not successfully market our products, or if media or other advertising or promotional costs increase, these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
If we are unable to compete effectively with existing or new competitors, our sales and market share could decline.
We currently compete primarily in the infant and toddler category, preschool category and electronic learning aids category of the U.S. toy industry and, to some degree, in the overall U.S. and international toy industry. We believe that we are also beginning to compete, and will increasingly compete in the future, with makers of popular game platforms and smart mobile devices such as personal digital assistants. Our SchoolHouse division of our Education and Training group competes in the U.S. supplemental educational materials market. Each of these markets is very competitive and we expect competition to increase in the future. Many of our direct, indirect and potential competitors have significantly longer operating histories, greater brand recognition and substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. These competitors may be able to respond more rapidly than we can to changes in consumer requirements or preferences or to new or emerging technologies. They may also devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete effectively in our markets.
Our business depends on three retailers that together accounted for approximately 64% of our consolidated net sales in 2005, and 80% of the U.S. Consumer segment sales, and our dependence upon a small group of retailers may increase.
Wal-Mart (including Sam’s Club), Toys “R” Us and Target accounted in the aggregate for approximately 64% of our net sales in 2005. In 2005, sales to Wal-Mart (including Sam’s Club), Toys “R” Us and Target accounted for approximately 29%, 20% and 15%, respectively, of our consolidated net sales. We expect that a small number of large retailers will continue to account for a significant majority of our sales and that our sales to these retailers may increase as a percentage of our total sales.
We do not have long-term agreements with any of our retailers. As a result, agreements with respect to pricing, shelf space, cooperative advertising or special promotions, among other things, are subject to periodic negotiation with each retailer. Retailers make no binding long-term commitments to us regarding purchase volumes and make all purchases by delivering one-time purchase orders. If any of these retailers reduce their purchases from us, change the terms on which we conduct business with them or experience a future downturn in their business, our business and operating results could be harmed.
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Our business is seasonal, and therefore our annual operating results depend, in large part, on sales relating to the brief holiday season.
Sales of consumer electronics and toy products in the retail channel are highly seasonal, causing the substantial majority of our sales to retailers to occur during the third and fourth quarters. In 2005, approximately 75% of our total net sales occurred during the latter half of the year. This percentage of total sales may increase as retailers become more efficient in their control of inventory levels through just-in-time inventory management systems. Generally, retailers time their orders so that suppliers like us will fill the orders closer to the time of purchase by consumers, thereby reducing their need to maintain larger on-hand inventories throughout the year to meet demand.
Failure to predict accurately and respond appropriately to retailer and consumer demand on a timely basis to meet seasonal fluctuations, or any disruption of consumer buying habits during this key period, would harm our business and operating results. In addition, due to this seasonality, our quarterly operating results are susceptible to fluctuations. Historically, our quarterly operating results have fluctuated significantly. For example, our net loss for first quarter of 2006 was $(23.6) million. Our net income (loss) for the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2005 was $(19.9) million, $(9.8) million, $32.8 million and $14.4 million, respectively. We expect that we will continue to incur losses during the first and second quarters of each year for the foreseeable future.
If we do not maintain sufficient inventory levels, or if we are unable to deliver our product to our customers in sufficient quantities, or if our retailer’s inventory levels are too high, our operating results will be adversely affected.
The high degree of seasonality of our business places stringent demands on our inventory forecasting and production planning processes. If we fail to meet tight shipping schedules, we could damage our relationships with retailers, increase our shipping costs or cause sales opportunities to be delayed or lost. In order to be able to deliver our merchandise on a timely basis, we need to maintain adequate inventory levels of the desired products. If our inventory forecasting and production planning processes result in us manufacturing inventory in excess of the levels demanded by our customers, our operating results could be adversely affected due to additional inventory write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory. If the inventory of our products held by our retailers is too high, they will not place orders for additional products, which would unfavorably impact our future sales and adversely affect our operating results.
We depend on our suppliers for our components and raw materials, and our production or operating margins would be harmed if these suppliers are not able to meet our demand and alternative sources are not available.
Some of the components used to make our products, including our application-specific integrated circuits, or ASICs, currently come from a single supplier. Additionally, the demand for some components such as liquid crystal displays, integrated circuits or other electronic components is volatile, which may lead to shortages. If our suppliers are unable to meet our demand for our components and raw materials and if we are unable to obtain an alternative source or if the price available from our current suppliers or an alternative source is prohibitive, our ability to maintain timely and cost-effective production of our products would be seriously harmed and our operating results would suffer. In addition, as we do not have long-term agreements with our major suppliers, they may stop manufacturing our components at any time.
We rely on a limited number of manufacturers, virtually all of which are located in China, to produce our finished products, and our reputation and operating results could be harmed if they fail to produce quality products in a timely and cost-effective manner and in sufficient quantities.
We outsource substantially all of our finished goods assembly, using several Asian manufacturers, most ofwho manufacture our products at facilities in the Guangdong province in the southeastern region of China. We depend on these manufacturers to produce sufficient volumes of our finished products in a timely fashion, at satisfactory quality and cost levels and in accordance with our and our customers’ terms of engagement. If our manufacturers fail to produce quality finished products on time, at expected cost targets and in sufficient quantities, our reputation and operating results would suffer. In addition, as we do not have long-term agreements with our manufacturers, they may stop manufacturing for us at any time, with little or no notice. We may be unable to manufacture sufficient quantities of our finished products and our business and operating results could be harmed.
Increases in our component or manufacturing costs could reduce our gross margins.
Cost increases for our components or manufacturing services, whether resulting from shortages of materials, labor or otherwise, including, but not limited to rising cost of materials, transportation, services, labor, commodity price increases including oil and the impact of foreign currency fluctuations could negatively impact our gross margins. Because of market condition and other factors, we may not be able to offset any such increased costs by adjusting the price of our products.
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Any errors or defects contained in our products, or our failure to comply with applicable safety standards, could result in delayed shipments or rejection of our products, damage to our reputation and expose us to regulatory or other legal action.
We have experienced, and in the future may experience, delays in releasing some models and versions of our products due to defects or errors in our products. Our products may contain errors or defects after commercial shipments have begun, which could result in the rejection of our products by our retailers, damage to our reputation, lost sales, diverted development resources and increased customer service and support costs and warranty claims, any of which could harm our business. Individuals could sustain injuries from our products, and we may be subject to claims or lawsuits resulting from such injuries. There is a risk that these claims or liabilities may exceed, or fall outside the scope of, our insurance coverage. Moreover, we may be unable to retain adequate liability insurance in the future. We are subject to the Federal Hazardous Substances Act, the Flammable Fabrics Act, regulation by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, or CPSC, and other similar federal, state and international rules and regulatory authorities. Our products could be subject to involuntary recalls and other actions by such authorities. Concerns about potential liability may lead us to recall voluntarily selected products. Any recalls or post-manufacture repairs of our products could harm our reputation, increase our costs or reduce our net sales.
We have had significant challenges to our management systems and resources, particularly in our supply chain and information systems, and as a result we may experience difficulties managing our business.
In recent years, we grew rapidly, both domestically and internationally. We have more than doubled our net sales from $314.2 million in 2001 to $649.8 million in 2005. During this period, the number of different products we offered at retail also increased significantly, and we have opened offices in the U.K., Canada, France, Macau and Mexico. We now sell our products in over 25 countries. This expansion presented, and continues to present, significant challenges for our management systems and resources and has resulted in a significant adverse impact on our operating and financial results. If we fail to improve and maintain management systems and resources sufficient to keep pace with our business needs, our operating results could continue to suffer.
We depend on key personnel, and we may not be able to hire, retain and integrate sufficient qualified personnel to maintain and expand our business.
Our future success depends partly on the continued contribution of our key executives, product and content development, sales, marketing, manufacturing, information technology and administrative personnel. The loss of services of any of our key personnel could harm our business. Recruiting and retaining skilled personnel is highly competitive. If we fail to retain, hire, train and integrate qualified employees and contractors, we will not be able to maintain and expand our business. There can be no assurance that the members of our existing management team will be able to manage our company or our long-term growth.
Part of our compensation package includes stock and/or stock options. If our stock performs poorly, it may adversely affect our ability to retain or attract key employees. In addition, because we are required to treat all stock-based compensation as an expense as of January 1, 2006, we may experience increased compensation costs. Changes in compensation packages or costs could impact our profitability and/or our ability to attract and retain sufficient qualified personnel.
Our international consumer business may not succeed and subjects us to risk associated with international operations.
We derived approximately 20% of our net sales from markets outside the United States in 2005. In 2006, we are planning to expand our international product offerings and markets. However, these and other efforts may not help increase sales of our products outside the United States, or achieve expected margins.
Our business is, and will increasingly be, subject to risks associated with conducting business internationally, including:
| • | | developing successful products that appeal to the international markets; |
| • | | political and economic instability, military conflicts and civil unrest; |
| • | | greater difficulty in staffing and managing foreign operations; |
| • | | transportation delays and interruptions; |
| • | | greater difficulty enforcing intellectual property rights and weaker laws protecting such rights; |
| • | | complications in complying with laws in varying jurisdictions and changes in governmental policies; |
| • | | trade protection measures and import or export licensing requirements; |
| • | | currency conversion risks and currency fluctuations; and |
| • | | limitations, including taxes, on the repatriation of earnings. |
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Any difficulty with our international operations could harm our future sales and operating results.
Our future growth will depend in part on our Education and Training group, which may not be successful.
We launched our Education and Training group in June 1999 to deliver classroom instructional programs to the pre-kindergarten through 8th grade school market and explore adult learning opportunities. To date, the SchoolHouse division, which accounts for substantially all of the results of our Education and Training segment, has incurred cumulative operating losses. Sales from our SchoolHouse division’s curriculum-based products will depend principally on broadening market acceptance of those products, which in turn depends on a number of factors, including:
| • | | our ability to demonstrate to decision-makers the usefulness of our products to supplement traditional teaching practices; |
| • | | the willingness of teachers, administrators, parents and students to use products in a classroom setting from a company that may be perceived as a toy manufacturer; |
| • | | the effectiveness of our sales force; |
| • | | our ability to generate recurring revenue from existing customers through various marketing channels; and |
| • | | the availability of state and federal government funding to defray, subsidize or pay for the costs of our products which may be severely limited due to budget shortfalls and other factors. |
If we cannot continue to increase market acceptance of our SchoolHouse division’s supplemental educational products our future sales could suffer.
Our intellectual property rights may not prevent our competitors from using our technologies or similar technologies to develop competing products, which could weaken our competitive position and harm our operating results.
Our success depends in large part on our proprietary technologies that are used in our learning platforms and related software. We rely, and plan to continue to rely, on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, confidentiality provisions and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. The contractual arrangements and the other steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property or deter independent third-party development of similar technologies. The steps we have taken may not prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property, particularly in foreign countries where we do not hold patents or trademarks or where the laws may not protect our intellectual property as fully as in the United States. Some of our products and product features have limited intellectual property protection, and, as a consequence, we may not have the legal right to prevent others from reverse engineering or otherwise copying and using these features in competitive products. In addition, monitoring the unauthorized use of our intellectual property is costly, and any dispute or other litigation, regardless of outcome, may be costly and time-consuming and may divert our management and key personnel from our business operations. However, if we fail to protect or to enforce our intellectual property rights successfully, our rights could be diminished and our competitive position could suffer, which could harm our operating results. For additional discussion of litigation related to the protection of our intellectual property, see “Part II, Item 1.—Legal Proceedings.—LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. v. Fisher-Price, Inc. and Mattel, Inc.”
Third parties have claimed, and may claim in the future, that we are infringing their intellectual property rights, which may cause us to incur significant litigation or licensing expenses or to stop selling some of our products or using some of our trademarks.
In the course of our business, we periodically receive claims of infringement or otherwise become aware of potentially relevant patents, copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights held by other parties. Responding to any infringement claim, regardless of its validity, may be costly and time-consuming, and may divert our management and key personnel from our business operations. If we, our distributors or our manufacturers are adjudged to be infringing the intellectual property rights of any third-party, we or they may be required to obtain a license to use those rights, which may not be obtainable on reasonable terms, if at all. We also may be subject to significant damages or injunctions against the development and sale of some of our products or against the use of a trademark or copyright in the sale of some of our products. Our insurance may not cover potential claims of this type or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all the liability that could be imposed. For more information regarding this see “Part II, Item 1.—Legal Proceedings —Tinkers & Chance v. LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc.”
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We are subject to international, federal, state and local laws and regulations that could impose additional costs or changes on the conduct of our business.
We operate in a highly regulated environment in the U.S. and international markets. U.S. federal, state and local governmental entities regulate many aspects of our business, including products and the importation of products. Such regulations may include accounting standards, taxation requirements, trade restrictions, safety and other administrative and regulatory restrictions. Compliance with or changes in these and other laws and regulations could impose additional costs on the conduct of our business, and failure to comply with these and other laws and regulations or changes in these and other laws and regulations may impose additional costs or cause us to change the conduct of our business.
From time to time, we are involved in litigation, arbitration or regulatory matters where the outcome is uncertain and which could entail significant expense.
We are subject from time to time to regulatory investigations, litigation and arbitration disputes. As the outcome of these matters is difficult to predict, it is possible that the outcomes of any of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the business. For more information regarding litigation see “Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings,” in this report.
Weak economic conditions, armed hostilities, terrorism, natural disasters, labor strikes or public health issues could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Weak economic conditions in the U.S. or abroad as a result of lower consumer spending, lower consumer confidence, higher inflation, higher commodity prices, such as the price of oil, political conditions, natural disaster, labor strikes or other factors could negatively impact our sales or profitability. Furthermore, armed hostilities, terrorism, natural disasters, or public health issues, whether in the U.S. or abroad, could cause damage and disruption to our company, our suppliers or our customers or could create political or economic instability, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business. Although it is impossible to predict the consequences of any such events, they could result in a decrease in demand for our products or create delay or inefficiencies in our supply chain, by making it difficult or impossible for us to deliver products to our customers, or for our manufacturers to deliver products to us, or suppliers to provide component parts.
Notably, our U.S. distribution centers, including our distribution center in Fontana, California and our corporate headquarters are located in California near major earthquake faults that have experienced earthquakes in the past. In addition to the factors noted above, our existing earthquake insurance relating to our distribution center may be insufficient and does not cover any of our other operations.
If we are unable to improve our system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our future financial results and our management may not be able to provide its report on the effectiveness of our internal controls as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004. The assessment for 2005 identified a material weakness in our internal controls in our financial statement close process as of December 31, 2005 and the 2004 assessment identified material weaknesses in our internal controls for the areas of accounts receivable, information technology and cost of goods sold and inventory. Discussion of the weakness in 2005 and our responsive measures are summarized in “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” of our 2005 Form 10-K and “Item 4. Controls and Procedures in this report. Although we received an unqualified opinion on our 2005 and 2004 financial statements, the efficacy of the steps we have taken to date and the steps we are still in the process of taking to improve the reliability of our financial statements in the future are subject to continued management review supported by confirmation and testing by our internal auditors, as well as oversight by the audit committee of our board of directors. We cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that we implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could harm our operating results or prevent us from accurately reporting our financial results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations in the future. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will not in the future identify further material weaknesses in our internal controls that we have not discovered to date. Insufficient internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could result in the decrease of the market price of our Class A common stock.
One stockholder controls a majority of our voting power as well as the composition of our board of directors.
Holders of our Class A common stock will not be able to affect the outcome of any stockholder vote. Our Class A common stock entitles its holders to one vote per share, and our Class B common stock entitles its holders to ten votes per share on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. As of December 31, 2005, Lawrence J. Ellison and entities controlled by him beneficially owned approximately 16.6 million shares of our Class B common stock, which represents approximately 53% of the combined voting power of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As a result, Mr. Ellison controls all stockholder voting power, including with respect to:
| • | | the composition of our board of directors and, through it, any determination with respect to our business direction and policies, including the appointment and removal of officers; |
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| • | | any determinations with respect to mergers, other business combinations, or changes in control; |
| • | | our acquisition or disposition of assets; |
| • | | our financing activities; and |
| • | | the payment of dividends on our capital stock, subject to the limitations imposed by our credit facility. |
This control by Mr. Ellison could depress the market price of our Class A common stock or delay or prevent a change in control of LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc.
The limited voting rights of our Class A common stock could negatively affect its attractiveness to investors and its liquidity and, as a result, its market value.
The holders of our Class A and Class B common stock generally have identical rights, except that holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. The holders of our Class B common stock have various additional voting rights, including the right to approve the issuance of any additional shares of Class B common stock and any amendment of our certificate of incorporation that adversely affects the rights of our Class B common stock. The difference in the voting rights of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock could diminish the value of our Class A common stock to the extent that investors or any potential future purchasers of our Class A common stock attribute value to the superior voting or other rights of our Class B common stock.
Provisions in our charter documents, Delaware law and our credit facility agreement may delay or prevent an acquisition of our company, which could decrease the value of our Class A common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could make it harder for a third-party to acquire us without the consent of our board of directors. These provisions include limitations on actions by our stockholders by written consent and the voting power associated with our Class B common stock. In addition, our board of directors has the right to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could be used by our board of directors to affect a rights plan or “poison pill” that could dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer and may have the effect of delaying, discouraging or preventing an acquisition of our company. Delaware law also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock. Although we believe these provisions provide for an opportunity to receive a higher bid by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our board of directors, these provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, under the terms of our credit agreement, we may need to seek the written consent of our lenders for the acquisition of our company.
Our stockholders may experience significant additional dilution upon the exercise of options or issuance of stock awards.
As of December 31, 2005, there were outstanding awards under our equity incentive plans that could result in the issuance of approximately 6.8 million shares of Class A common stock. To the extent we issue shares upon the exercise of any of options, performance-based stock awards or other equity incentive awards issued under our 2002 Equity Incentive Plan, investors in our Class A common stock will experience additional dilution.
Our stock price could become more volatile and your investment could lose value.
All the factors discussed in this section could affect our stock price. The timing of announcements in the public markets regarding new products, product enhancements by us or our competitors or any other material announcements could affect our stock price. Speculation in the media and analyst community, changes in recommendations or earnings estimates by financial analysts, changes in investors’ or analysts’ valuation measures for our stock and market trends unrelated to our stock can cause the price of our stock to change. A significant drop in the price of our stock could also expose us to the risk of securities class action lawsuits, which could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business.
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3.03*(a) | | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. |
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3.04*(a) | | Amended and Restated Bylaws. |
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4.01*(b) | | Form of Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate. |
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4.02**(c) | | Fourth Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated May 30, 2003, among LeapFrog and the investors named therein. |
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10.41 | | Separation and Consulting Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2006, between Jerome Perez and LeapFrog. |
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10.42 | | Sixth Amendment, dated March 22, 2006, to Net Lease, dated November 14, 2000, between Hollis Street Investors, LLC and LeapFrog. |
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31.01 | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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31.02 | | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.01 | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
*(a) | Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit previously filed with the company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No. 333-86898). |
*(b) | Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit previously filed with the company’s report on Form 10-K filed on March 7, 2006 (SEC File No. 001-31396). |
**(c) | Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit previously filed with the company’s report on Form 10-Q filed on August 12, 2003 (SEC File No. 001-31396). |
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. |
(Registrant) |
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/s/ Thomas J. Kalinske |
Thomas J. Kalinske |
Chief Executive Officer (Authorized Officer) |
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Dated: May 9, 2006 |
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/s/ William B. Chiasson |
William B. Chiasson |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
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Dated: May 9, 2006 |
EXHIBIT INDEX
| | |
| |
3.03*(a) | | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. |
| |
3.04*(a) | | Amended and Restated Bylaws. |
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4.01*(b) | | Form of Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate. |
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4.02**(c) | | Fourth Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated May 3, 2003, among LeapFrog and the investors named therein. |
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10.41 | | Separation and Consulting Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2006, between Jerome Perez and LeapFrog. |
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10.42 | | Sixth Amendment, dated March 22, 2006, to Net Lease, dated November 14, 2000, between Hollis Street Investors, LLC and LeapFrog. |
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31.01 | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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31.02 | | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.01 | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
*(a) | Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit previously filed with Leapfrog’s registration statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No. 333-86898). |
*(b) | Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit previously filed with the company’s report on Form 10-K filed on March 7, 2006 (SEC File No. 001-31396). |
**(c) | Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit previously filed with Leapfrog’s report on Form 10-Q filed on August 12, 2003 (SEC File No. 001-31396). |