Corpay (CPAY) 10-Q 2023 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 __________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

 _________________________________________________________________________________________________

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                     to                     

Commission file number: 001-35004

 __________________________________________________________

FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 __________________________________________________________

Delaware			72-1074903
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3280 Peachtree Road, Suite 2400	Atlanta	Georgia	30305
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (770) 449-0479

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	FLT	NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding at November 2, 2023
Common Stock, $0.001 par value	72,204,127

FLEETCOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

INDEX

 

		Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022	1
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	2
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
	Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	6
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	24
Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	46
Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	46
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	47
Item 1A.	RISK FACTORS	48
Item 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS AND ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES	48
Item 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	48
Item 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	48
Item 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	48
Item 6.	EXHIBITS	50
SIGNATURES		51

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In Thousands, Except Share and Par Value Amounts)

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,094,234	$	1,435,163
Restricted cash	1,221,279		854,017
Accounts and other receivables (less allowance for credit losses of $170,914 at September 30, 2023 and $149,846 at December 31, 2022)	2,655,275		2,064,745
Securitized accounts receivable—restricted for securitization investors	1,396,000		1,287,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	493,470		465,227
Total current assets	6,860,258		6,106,152
Property and equipment, net	329,992		294,692
Goodwill	5,553,546		5,201,435
Other intangibles, net	2,164,999		2,130,974
Investments	67,964		74,281
Other assets	287,708		281,726
Total assets	$	15,264,467	$	14,089,260
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,895,280	$	1,568,942
Accrued expenses	393,439		351,936
Customer deposits	1,783,311		1,505,004
Securitization facility	1,396,000		1,287,000
Current portion of notes payable and lines of credit	949,803		1,027,056
Other current liabilities	320,386		303,517
Total current liabilities	6,738,219		6,043,455
Notes payable and other obligations, less current portion	4,637,211		4,722,838
Deferred income taxes	548,943		527,465
Other noncurrent liabilities	280,643		254,009
Total noncurrent liabilities	5,466,797		5,504,312
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 475,000,000 shares authorized; 128,682,799 shares issued and 72,203,006 shares outstanding at September 30, 2023; and 127,802,590 shares issued and 73,356,709 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022	129		128
Additional paid-in capital	3,227,476		3,049,570
Retained earnings	7,936,802		7,210,769
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,361,934)		(1,509,650)
Less treasury stock, 56,479,793 shares at September 30, 2023 and 54,445,881 shares at December 31, 2022	(6,743,022)		(6,209,324)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,059,451		2,541,493
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	15,264,467	$	14,089,260

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues, net	$	970,892	$	893,000	$	2,820,399	$	2,543,519
Expenses:
Processing	208,217		203,315		618,449		563,097
Selling	85,954		74,005		253,958		230,218
General and administrative	147,839		149,294		461,879		440,262
Depreciation and amortization	84,750		77,213		252,658		232,489
Other operating, net	(845)		3		633		82
Operating income	444,977		389,170		1,232,822		1,077,371
Other expenses:
Investment loss (gain)	30		174		(142)		519
Other (income) expense, net	(13,432)		3,688		(15,110)		6,187
Interest expense, net	88,285		45,410		256,566		90,510
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		—		1,934
Total other expense	74,883		49,272		241,314		99,150
Income before income taxes	370,094		339,898		991,508		978,221
Provision for income taxes	98,598		91,013		265,475		249,213
Net income	$	271,496	$	248,885	$	726,033	$	729,008
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	3.71	$	3.34	$	9.87	$	9.55
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.64	$	3.29	$	9.72	$	9.38
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic shares	73,165		74,461		73,523		76,311
Diluted shares	74,604		75,558		74,733		77,687

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In Thousands)

 

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	271,496	$	248,885	$	726,033	$	729,008
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation losses, net of tax	(157,043)		(252,719)		(16,387)		(228,666)
Reclassification of accumulated foreign currency translation losses to net income as a result of the sale of a foreign entity (see Note 15)	120,269		—		120,269		—
Net change in derivative contracts, net of tax	32,103		6,107		43,834		32,837
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(4,671)		(246,612)		147,716		(195,829)
Total comprehensive income	$	266,825	$	2,273	$	873,749	$	533,179

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In Thousands)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	128	$	3,049,570	$	7,210,769	$	(1,509,650)	$	(6,209,324)	$	2,541,493
Net income	—		—		214,835		—		—		214,835
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		75,634		—		75,634
Acquisition of common stock	—		—		—		—		(9,597)		(9,597)
Stock-based compensation	—		26,096		—		—		—		26,096
Issuance of common stock	—		33,399		—		—		—		33,399
Balance at March 31, 2023	128		3,109,065		7,425,604		(1,434,016)		(6,218,921)		2,881,860
Net income	—		—		239,702		—		—		239,702
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		76,753		—		76,753
Acquisition of common stock	—		—		—		—		(2,376)		(2,376)
Stock-based compensation	—		34,748		—		—		—		34,748
Issuance of common stock	—		32,749		—		—		—		32,749
Balance at June 30, 2023	128		3,176,562		7,665,306		(1,357,263)		(6,221,297)		3,263,436
Net income	—		—		271,496		—		—		271,496
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		(4,671)		—		(4,671)
Acquisition of common stock	—		(13,212)		—		—		(521,725)		(534,937)
Stock-based compensation	—		29,073		—		—		—		29,073
Issuance of common stock	1		35,053		—		—				35,054
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	129	$	3,227,476	$	7,936,802	$	(1,361,934)	$	(6,743,022)	$	3,059,451

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FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In Thousands)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	127	$	2,878,751	$	6,256,442	$	(1,464,616)	$	(4,804,124)	$	2,866,580
Net income	—		—		217,952		—		—		217,952
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		201,179		—		201,179
Acquisition of common stock	—		—		—		—		(422,736)		(422,736)
Stock-based compensation	—		32,631		—		—		—		32,631
Issuance of common stock	—		8,810		—		—		—		8,810
Balance at March 31, 2022	127		2,920,192		6,474,394		(1,263,437)		(5,226,860)		2,904,416
Net income	—		—		262,171		—		—		262,171
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		(150,396)		—		(150,396)
Acquisition of common stock	—		—		—		—		(372,566)		(372,566)
Stock-based compensation	—		34,017		—		—		—		34,017
Issuance of common stock	1		10,026		—		—		—		10,027
Balance at June 30, 2022	128		2,964,235		6,736,565		(1,413,833)		(5,599,426)		2,687,669
Net income	—		—		248,885		—		—		248,885
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		(246,612)		—		(246,612)
Acquisition of common stock	—		—		—		—		(500,342)		(500,342)
Stock-based compensation	—		34,180		—		—		—		34,180
Issuance of common stock	—		3,272		—		—		—		3,272
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	128	$	3,001,687	$	6,985,450	$	(1,660,445)	$	(6,099,768)	$	2,227,052

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In Thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating activities
Net income	$	726,033	$	729,008
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	82,028		67,066
Stock-based compensation	89,917		100,828
Provision for credit losses on accounts and other receivables	103,495		89,976
Amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts	5,417		5,949
Amortization of intangible assets and premium on receivables	170,630		165,423
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		1,934
Deferred income taxes	(18,911)		(7,987)
Gain on disposition of business, net	(13,712)		—
Other non-cash operating expense, net	491		601
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquisitions/disposition):
Accounts and other receivables	(809,487)		(950,237)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	114,237		(25,570)
Derivative assets and liabilities, net	(7,939)		10,756
Other assets	33,090		(16,154)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and customer deposits	428,580		267,014
Net cash provided by operating activities	903,869		438,607
Investing activities
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(429,914)		(160,117)
Purchases of property and equipment	(117,158)		(107,631)
Proceeds from disposal of a business, net of cash disposed	197,025		—
Other	4,401		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(345,646)		(267,748)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	101,202		22,109
Repurchase of common stock	(546,910)		(1,295,644)
Borrowings on securitization facility, net	109,000		364,000
Deferred financing costs	(238)		(10,282)
Proceeds from notes payable	—		3,000,000
Principal payments on notes payable	(70,500)		(2,800,500)
Borrowings from revolver	6,495,000		4,338,000
Payments on revolver	(6,770,000)		(3,658,000)
Borrowings on swing line of credit, net	180,723		194
Other	264		—
Net cash used in financing activities	(501,459)		(40,123)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash	(30,431)		(80,551)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	26,333		50,185
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	2,289,180		2,250,695
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	2,315,513	$	2,300,880
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	327,099	$	138,310
Cash paid for income taxes	$	319,764	$	309,567

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2023

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms "our," "we," "us," and the "Company" refers to FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The Company prepared the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although we believe that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. In our opinion, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation. These adjustments consist of normal recurring accruals and estimates that impact the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty; accordingly, accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. These financial statements were prepared using information reasonably available to us as of September 30, 2023 and through the date of this Quarterly Report. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s interim consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. Actual results may differ from these estimates due to the uncertainty around the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the impact of changes to monetary policy, as well as other factors.

Foreign Currency Translation        

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at period-end. The related translation adjustments are recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss. Income and expenses are translated at the average monthly rates of exchange in effect during the year. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions of these subsidiaries are included in net income. The Company recognized foreign exchange gains and losses, which are recorded within other (income) expense, net in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Foreign exchange losses	$	(6.4)	$	(1.9)	$	(6.2)	$	(4.1)

Foreign exchange losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 include a $5.6 million exchange loss incurred in connection with the Company's disposition of its Russia business upon conversion of the ruble-denominated proceeds to U.S. dollars. See Note 15 for additional information.

The Company recorded foreign currency gains on long-term intra-entity transactions included as a component of foreign currency translation losses, net of tax, in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Foreign currency gains on long-term intra-entity transactions	$	31.0	$	27.8	$	43.4	$	184.1

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash equivalents primarily consist of a) cash on hand, b) highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, such as certificates of deposit and treasury bills, and c) customer deposits repayable on demand without legal restrictions. Restricted cash primarily represents a) customer deposits repayable on demand held in certain geographies with legal restrictions, b) collateral received from customers for cross-currency transactions in our cross-border payments business, which are restricted from use other than to repay customer deposits and secure and settle cross-currency transactions, and c) collateral

7

posted with banks for hedging positions in our cross-border payments business. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company disposed of its Russian net assets, including its cash balances. See Note 15 for additional information. Based on our assessment of the capital market conditions and related impact on our access to cash prior to the Russia disposition, we had reclassified all cash held at our Russia business of $215.8 million at December 31, 2022 to restricted cash.

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses

The Company accounts for financial assets' expected credit losses in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 326, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses". The Company’s financial assets subject to credit losses are primarily trade receivables. The Company utilizes a combination of aging and loss-rate methods to develop an estimate of current expected credit losses, depending on the nature and risk profile of the underlying asset pool, based on product, size of customer and historical losses. Expected credit losses are estimated based upon an assessment of risk characteristics, historical payment experience, and the age of outstanding receivables, adjusted for forward-looking economic conditions. The allowances for remaining financial assets measured at amortized cost basis are evaluated based on underlying financial condition, credit history, and current and forward-looking economic conditions. The estimation process for expected credit losses includes consideration of qualitative and quantitative risk factors associated with the age of asset balances, expected timing of payment, contract terms and conditions, changes in specific customer risk profiles or mix of customers, geographic risk, economic trends and relevant environmental factors.

Revenue

The Company provides payment solutions to our business, merchant, consumer and payment network customers. Our payment solutions are primarily focused on specific commercial spend or geographically defined categories, including Fleet, Corporate Payments, Lodging, Brazil and Other (stored value cards and e-cards). The Company provides solutions that help businesses of all sizes control, simplify and secure payment of various domestic and cross-border payables using specialized payment products. The Company also provides other payment solutions for fleet maintenance, employee benefits and long haul transportation-related services. Revenues from contracts with customers, within the scope of ASC 606, "Revenue Recognition", represent approximately 84% and 85% of total consolidated revenues, net, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. In its cross-border payments business, the Company writes foreign currency forward and option derivative contracts for its customers to facilitate future payments in foreign currencies. These contracts are accounted for in accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging" and represent approximately 9% and 8% of total consolidated revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Additionally, the Company accounts for revenue from late fees and finance charges, in jurisdictions where permitted under local regulations, primarily in the U.S. and Canada in accordance with ASC 310, "Receivables". Such fees are recognized net of a provision for estimated uncollectible amounts, at the time the fees and finance charges are assessed and services are provided and represent approximately 4% and 5% of total consolidated revenues, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company's remaining revenue represents float revenue earned on invested customer funds in jurisdictions where permitted. Our revenue is generally reported net of the cost for underlying products and services purchased through our payment solutions. In this report, we refer to this net revenue as "revenue".

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Disaggregation of Revenues

The Company provides its services to customers across different payment solutions and geographies. The Company's solutions have been merged to align with its segments. Revenue by solution (in millions) for the three and nine months ended September 30, was as follows:

Revenues, net by Solution*	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		%		2022		%		2023		%		2022		%
Fleet	$	365.5	38	%	$	395.2	44	%	$	1,120.8	40	%	$	1,124.2	44	%
Corporate Payments	258.8		27	%	196.9		22	%	733.0		26	%	570.4		22	%
Lodging	141.4		15	%	126.0		14	%	400.3		14	%	337.4		13	%
Brazil	134.2		14	%	108.6		12	%	382.0		14	%	322.9		13	%
Other	71.0		7	%	66.3		7	%	184.3		7	%	188.6		7	%
Consolidated revenues, net	$	970.9	100	%	$	893.0	100	%	$	2,820.4	100	%	$	2,543.5	100	%

*Columns may not calculate due to rounding.

Revenue by geography (in millions) for the three and nine months ended September 30, was as follows:

Revenues, net by Geography*	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		%		2022		%		2023		%		2022		%
United States	$	561.4	58	%	$	558.3	63	%	$	1,609.8	57	%	$	1,557.7	61	%
Brazil	134.2		14	%	108.6		12	%	382.0		14	%	322.9		13	%
United Kingdom	114.5		12	%	90.4		10	%	333.4		12	%	278.4		11	%
Other	160.8		17	%	135.8		15	%	495.2		18	%	384.5		15	%
Consolidated revenues, net	$	970.9	100	%	$	893.0	100	%	$	2,820.4	100	%	$	2,543.5	100	%

*Columns may not calculate due to rounding.

Contract Liabilities

Deferred revenue contract liabilities for customers subject to ASC 606 were $42.6 million and $57.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. We expect to recognize approximately $27.6 million of these amounts in revenues within 12 months and the remaining $15.0 million over the next five years as of September 30, 2023. Revenue recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that was included in the deferred revenue contract liability as of December 31, 2022 was approximately $31.9 million.

9

Spot Trade Offsetting

The Company uses spot trades to facilitate cross-currency corporate payments in its cross-border payments business. The Company applies offsetting to our spot trade assets and liabilities associated with contracts that include master netting agreements, as a right of setoff exists, which the Company believes to be enforceable. As such, the Company has netted spot trade liabilities against spot trade receivables at the counter-party level. The Company recognizes all spot trade assets, net in accounts receivable and all spot trade liabilities, net in accounts payable, each net at the customer level, in its Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. The following table presents the Company’s spot trade assets and liabilities at their fair value at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

	September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross		Offset on the Balance Sheet		Net		Gross		Offset on the Balance Sheet		Net
Assets
Accounts Receivable	$	3,824.6	$	(3,647.4)	$	177.2	$	2,409.8	$	(2,266.0)	$	143.8
Liabilities
Accounts Payable	$	3,736.9	$	(3,647.4)	$	89.5	$	2,332.5	$	(2,266.0)	$	66.5

Reclassifications and Adjustments

Certain disclosures for prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current year presentation, including the breakout of derivatives assets and liabilities, net within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and the presentation of disaggregated revenues by solution to align with our revenues by segment presentation.

2. Accounts and Other Receivables

The Company's accounts and securitized accounts receivable include the following at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Gross domestic accounts receivable	$	1,326,581	$	985,873
Gross domestic securitized accounts receivable	1,396,000		1,287,000
Gross foreign receivables	1,499,608		1,228,718
Total gross receivables	4,222,189		3,501,591
Less allowance for credit losses	(170,914)		(149,846)
Net accounts and securitized accounts receivables	$	4,051,275	$	3,351,745

The Company maintains a $1.7 billion revolving trade accounts receivable securitization facility (as amended from time to time, the "Securitization Facility"). Accounts receivable collateralized within our Securitization Facility primarily relate to trade receivables resulting from charge card activity in the U.S. Pursuant to the terms of the Securitization Facility, the Company transfers in the form of a legal sale certain of its domestic receivables, on a revolving basis, to FLEETCOR Funding LLC (Funding), a wholly-owned bankruptcy remote subsidiary. In turn, Funding transfers in the form of a legal sale, without recourse, on a revolving basis, an undivided percentage ownership interest in this pool of accounts receivable to unrelated transferees i.e., multi-seller banks and asset-backed commercial paper conduits. Funding retains a residual, subordinated interest in cash flow distribution from the transferred receivables and provides to the transferees an incremental pledge of unsold receivables as a form of over-collateralization to enhance the credit of the transferred receivables. Purchases by the banks and conduits are generally financed with the sale of highly-rated commercial paper.

The Company utilizes proceeds from the securitized assets as an alternative to other forms of financing to reduce its overall borrowing costs. The Company has agreed to continue servicing the sold receivables for the financial institution at market rates, which approximates the Company’s cost of servicing. Funding determines the level of funding achieved by the sale of trade accounts receivable, subject to a maximum amount.

The Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and Statements of Income reflect the activity related to securitized accounts receivable and the corresponding securitized debt, including interest income, fees generated from late payments, provision for losses on accounts receivable and interest expense. The cash flows from borrowings and repayments associated with the securitized debt are presented as cash flows from financing activities.

10

A roll forward of the Company’s allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows (in thousands):

	2023		2022
Allowance for credit losses beginning of period	$	149,846	$	98,719
Provision for credit losses	103,495		89,976
Write-offs	(92,406)		(58,284)
Recoveries	8,242		5,329
Impact of foreign currency	1,737		(1,713)
Allowance for credit losses end of period	$	170,914	$	134,027

The provision for credit losses and write-offs increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as customer spend increased due to new sales and higher fuel prices. These new customers tend to have higher loss rates. Additionally, the Company experienced higher losses among micro-SMB (small-medium business) customers who were more severely impacted by negative economic conditions.

3. Fair Value Measurements/

A three-tier value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: 

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar or identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

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The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2023
Assets:
Repurchase agreements	$	207,458	$	—	$	207,458	$	—
Money market mutual funds	154,886		—		154,886		—
Certificates of deposit	226,541		—		226,541		—
Treasury bills	184,625		—		184,625		—
Interest rate swaps	54,125		—		54,125		—
Cross-currency interest rate swap	6,850		—		6,850		—
Foreign exchange contracts	317,084		—		317,084		—
Total assets	$	1,151,569	$	—	$	1,151,569	$	—
Cash collateral for foreign exchange contracts	$	46,100
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	6,526	$	—	6,526		—
Foreign exchange contracts	266,967		—		266,967		—
Total liabilities	$	273,493	$	—	$	273,493	$	—
Cash collateral obligation for foreign exchange contracts	$	187,100
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Repurchase agreements	$	444,216	$	—	$	444,216	$	—
Money market mutual funds	37,821		—		37,821		—
Certificates of deposit	181		—		181		—
Interest rate swaps	11,953		—		11,953		—
Foreign exchange contracts	266,917		—		266,917		—
Total assets	$	761,088	$	—	$	761,088	$	—
Cash collateral for foreign exchange contracts	$	56,103
Liabilities:
Foreign exchange contracts	224,725		—		224,725		—
Total liabilities	$	224,725	$	—	$	224,725	$	—
Cash collateral obligation for foreign exchange contracts	$	148,167

The Company has highly-liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, with original maturities of 90 days or less, included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company utilizes Level 2 fair value determinations derived from directly or indirectly observable (market based) information to determine the fair value of these highly liquid investments. The Company has certain cash and cash equivalents that are invested in highly liquid investments, such as, repurchase agreements, money markets, certificates of deposit and Treasury bills, with purchased maturities ranging from overnight to 90 days or less. The value of overnight repurchase agreements is determined based upon the quoted market prices for the securities associated with the repurchase agreements. The value of money market instruments is determined based upon the financial institutions' month-end statement, as these instruments are not tradable and must be settled directly by us with the respective financial institution. Certificates of deposit and certain U.S. Treasury bills are valued at cost, plus interest accrued. Given the short-term nature of these instruments, the carrying value approximates fair value. Foreign exchange derivative contracts are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair value of the Company's derivatives is derived with reference to a valuation from a derivatives dealer operating in an active market, which approximates the fair value of these instruments. The fair value represents the net settlement if the contracts were terminated as of the reporting date. Cash collateral received for foreign exchange derivatives is recorded within customer deposits liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Cash collateral deposited for foreign exchange derivatives is recorded within restricted cash in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The level within the fair value hierarchy and the measurement technique are reviewed quarterly. Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the end of the quarter. There were no transfers between fair value levels during the periods presented for September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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The Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis or are evaluated with periodic testing for impairment include property, plant and equipment, investments, goodwill and other intangible assets. Estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are generally developed using key inputs such as management’s projections of cash flows on a held-and-used basis (if applicable), discounted as appropriate, management’s projections of cash flows upon disposition and discount rates. Accordingly, these fair value measurements are in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company's derivatives are over-the-counter instruments with liquid markets. The Company determines the fair values of its derivatives based on quoted market prices or pricing models using current market rates. The amounts exchanged are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity rates or other financial indices. See Note 13 for additional information on the fair value of the Company’s derivatives.

The Company regularly evaluates the carrying value of its investments. The carrying amount of investments without readily determinable fair values was $68.0 million at September 30, 2023.

The fair value of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable, securitized accounts receivable and related facility, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, customer deposits and short-term borrowings approximate their respective carrying values due to the short-term maturities of the instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s debt obligations approximates fair value as the interest rates on the debt are variable market based interest rates that reset on a monthly basis. These are each Level 2 fair value measurements, except for cash, which is a Level 1 fair value measurement.

4. Stockholders' Equity

The Company announced on February 4, 2016 that its Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a stock repurchase program (as updated from time to time, the "Program") authorizing the Company to repurchase its common stock from time to time until February 1, 2024. On October 25, 2022, the Company announced the Board increased the aggregate size of the Program by $1.0 billion to $7.1 billion. Since the beginning of the Program through September 30, 2023, 28,314,820 shares have been repurchased for an aggregate purchase price of $6.4 billion, leaving the Company up to $0.7 billion of remaining authorization available under the Program for future repurchases in shares of its common stock.

On August 18, 2023, as part of the Program, the Company entered an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR") agreement ("2023 ASR Agreement") with a third-party financial institution to repurchase $450 million of its common stock. Pursuant to the 2023 ASR Agreement, the Company delivered $450 million in cash and received 1,372,841 shares based on a stock price of $262.23 on August 18, 2023. The 2023 ASR Agreement was completed on September 26, 2023, at which time the Company received 293,588 additional shares based on a final weighted average per share purchase price during the repurchase period of $270.04.

The Company accounted for the 2023 ASR Agreement as two separate transactions: (i) as shares of reacquired common stock for the shares delivered to the Company upon execution of the ASR agreement and (ii) as a forward contract indexed to the Company's common stock for the undelivered shares. The initial delivery of shares was included in treasury stock at cost and resulted in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share. The forward contracts indexed to the Company's own common stock met the criteria for equity classification, and these amounts were initially recorded in additional paid-in capital and reclassified to treasury stock upon settlement based on the final weighted average per share price.

5. Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes the expense recognized within general and administrative expenses in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income related to stock-based payments recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

 

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Stock options	$	4,921	$	17,434	$	18,482	$	53,558
Restricted stock	24,152		16,747		71,435		47,270
Stock-based compensation	$	29,073	$	34,181	$	89,917	$	100,828

The tax benefits recorded on stock-based compensation and upon the exercises of options were $28.6 million and $23.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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The following table summarizes the Company’s total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock based compensation as of September 30, 2023 (cost in thousands):

	Unrecognized Compensation Cost		Weighted Average Period of Expense Recognition (in Years)
Stock options	$	37,281	2.24
Restricted stock	61,573		0.75
Total	$	98,854

Stock Options

The following summarizes the changes in the number of shares of common stock under option for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (shares/options and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):

	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Options Exercisable at End of Period	Weighted Average Exercise Price of Exercisable Options		Weighted Average Fair Value of Options Granted  During the Period		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	5,301	$	188.12	3,512	$	159.46			$	113,681
Granted	186	203.36					$	67.47
Exercised	(573)	171.92							$	33,922
Forfeited	(78)	241.63
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	4,836	$	189.76	3,237	$	163.45			$	324,687
Expected to vest as of September 30, 2023	749	$	222.31

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable at September 30, 2023 was $298.9 million. The weighted average remaining contractual term of options exercisable at September 30, 2023 was 3.3 years.

Restricted Stock

The following table summarizes the changes in the number of shares of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (shares in thousands):

 

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	435	$	237.68
Granted	441	213.36
Issued	(307)	235.55
Cancelled	(21)	232.16
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	548	$	219.52

6. Acquisitions

2023 Acquisitions

In January 2023, the Company acquired 100% of Global Reach, a U.K.-based cross-border payments provider, for approximately $102.9 million, net of cash. In February 2023, the Company acquired the remainder of Mina Digital Limited ("Mina"), a cloud-based electric vehicle ("EV") charging software platform. In February 2023, the Company also acquired 100% of Business Gateway AG, a European-based service, maintenance and repair technology provider. In September 2023, the Company acquired 100% of PayByPhone Technologies, Inc., the world's second largest mobile parking operator, for approximately $303.2 million, net of cash. Each of these 2023 acquisitions provide incremental geographic expansion of our products, with PayByPhone specifically intended to progress the Company's broader strategy to transform our vehicle payments business. Results from these acquisitions have been included in the Company's consolidated results from the respective date of each acquisition.

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The aggregate purchase price of these acquisitions was approximately $438.3 million (inclusive of the $8.5 million previously-held equity method investment in Mina), net of cash of $115 million. The Company financed the acquisitions using a combination of available cash and borrowings under its existing credit facility. Any noncompete agreements signed in conjunction with these acquisitions were accounted for separately from the business acquisition.

Acquisition accounting is preliminary for the 2023 acquisitions as the Company is still completing the valuation for goodwill, intangible assets, income taxes, working capital, and contingencies. As the PayByPhone acquisition occurred near the end of the third quarter of 2023, the Company preliminarily allocated the excess of the purchase price of the acquisition over the estimated assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill and intangibles on a provisional basis, based on historical valuation outcomes. Further, the provisional amounts assigned to such intangibles of $150.5 million were preliminarily assigned to the customer relationship intangible asset.

The following table summarizes the preliminary acquisition accounting, in aggregate, for the business acquisitions noted above (in thousands):

Trade and other receivables	$	20,312
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	120,346
Other long term assets	10,506
Goodwill	372,479
Intangibles	211,117
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(95,180)
Other current liabilities	(139,801)
Other noncurrent liabilities	(61,442)
Aggregate purchase price	$	438,337

Results from the Global Reach Group are included in the Company's Corporate Payments segment and the results for Mina Digital Limited, Business Gateway AG and PayByPhone are included in the Company's Fleet segment.

2022 Acquisitions

In March 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Levarti, a U.S.-based airline software platform company reported in the Lodging segment, for $23.7 million, net of cash. In August 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Accrualify, an accounts payable (AP) automation software company reported in the Corporate Payments segment, for $41.2 million, net of cash. In September 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Plugsurfing, a European EV software and network provider reported in the Fleet segment, for $75.8 million, net of cash. In November 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Roomex, a European workforce lodging provider serving the U.K. and German markets reported in the Lodging segment, for approximately $56.8 million, net of cash. Results from these acquisitions have been included in the Company's consolidated results from the respective date of each acquisition.

The aggregate purchase price of these 2022 acquisitions was approximately $197.6 million, net of cash. The Company financed the acquisitions using a combination of available cash and borrowings under its existing credit facility. In connection with two of these acquisitions, the Company signed noncompete agreements of $1.1 million and $1.2 million with certain parties affiliated with the respective businesses. These noncompete agreements were accounted for separately from the business acquisitions.

Acquisition accounting is preliminary for Roomex (and has been completed for Levarti, Accrualify and Plugsurfing), as the Company is still completing the valuation for goodwill, intangible assets, income taxes, working capital, and contingencies.

The following table summarizes the preliminary acquisition accounting, in aggregate, for the business acquisitions noted above (in thousands):

Trade and other receivables	$	13,349
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,006
Other long term assets	463
Goodwill	164,123
Intangibles	50,145
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(20,273)
Other current liabilities	(4,960)
Other noncurrent liabilities	(9,281)
Aggregate purchase price	$	197,572

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The estimated fair value of intangible assets acquired and the related estimated useful lives consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Useful Lives (in Years)	Value
Trade Name and Trademarks	2 - Indefinite	$	4,705
Proprietary Technology	5 - 10	11,646
Lodging / Supplier Network	10 - 20	1,402
Customer Relationships	5 - 20	32,392
		$	50,145

7. Goodwill and Other Intangibles

A summary of changes in the Company’s goodwill is as follows (in thousands):

 

	December 31, 2022		Acquisitions1		Dispositions2		Acquisition Accounting Adjustments		Foreign Currency		September 30, 2023
Goodwill	$	5,201,435	$	372,479	$	(40,857)	$	3,746	$	16,743	$	5,553,546

1 Reflects the recognition of preliminary goodwill related to acquisitions completed by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Of this amount, $220.0 million was assigned to the Fleet segment and $152.5 million was assigned to the Corporate Payments segment.

2 Reflects goodwill derecognized in connection with the disposition of the Company's operations in Russia. See Note 15 for additional information.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, other intangibles consisted of the following (in thousands):

		September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Weighted- Avg Useful Lives (Years)	Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Customer and vendor relationships	17.1	$	3,073,277	$	(1,438,677)	$	1,634,600	$	2,922,586	$	(1,332,542)	$	1,590,044
Trade names and trademarks—indefinite lived	N/A	423,340		—		423,340		419,270		—		419,270
Trade names and trademarks—other	1.9	50,447		(13,873)		36,574		47,939		(9,111)		38,828
Software	6.0	285,396		(231,227)		54,169		278,460		(216,858)		61,602
Non-compete agreements	4.2	83,822		(67,506)		16,316		80,098		(58,868)		21,230
Total other intangibles		$	3,916,282	$	(1,751,283)	$	2,164,999	$	3,748,353	$	(1,617,379)	$	2,130,974
N/A = Not Applicable

Changes in foreign exchange rates resulted in a $5.7 million increase to the net carrying values of other intangibles in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Amortization expense related to intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $169.5 million and $163.1 million, respectively.

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8. Debt

The Company is party to a $6.4 billion Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and letter of credit issuer, and a syndicate of financial institutions (the "Lenders"). The Credit Agreement includes a term loan A, a term loan B, and a revolving credit facility. As noted in footnote 2, the Company is also party to the Securitization Facility.

The balances of the Company’s debt instruments under the Credit Agreement and the Securitization Facility are as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Term Loan A note payable, net of discounts	$	2,900,963	$	2,956,053
Term Loan B note payable, net of discounts	1,844,159		1,855,891
Revolving line of credit facilities	840,011		935,000
Other obligations	1,881		2,950
Total notes payable and credit agreements	5,587,014		5,749,894
Securitization Facility	1,396,000		1,287,000
Total notes payable, credit agreements and Securitization Facility	$	6,983,014	$	7,036,894
Current portion	$	2,345,803	$	2,314,056
Long-term portion	4,637,211		4,722,838
Total notes payable, credit agreements and Securitization Facility	$	6,983,014	$	7,036,894

On May 3, 2023, the Company entered into the thirteenth amendment to the Credit Facility. The amendment replaced LIBOR on the term B loan with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%.

The Company was in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants under the Credit Agreement and Securitization Facility at September 30, 2023.

9. Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate was 26.6% and 26.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Income tax expense is based on an estimated annual effective rate, which requires the Company to make its best estimate of annual pretax accounting income or loss before consideration of tax or benefit discretely recognized in the period in which such occur. Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state taxes net of federal benefits, additional taxes on undistributed foreign-sourced income, and foreign withholding taxes on interest income from intercompany notes.

10. Earnings Per Share

The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reported period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution related to equity-based incentives using the treasury stock method. The calculation and reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

 

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	271,496	$	248,885	$	726,033	$	729,008
Denominator for basic earnings per share	73,165		74,461		73,523		76,311
Dilutive securities	1,439		1,097		1,210		1,376
Denominator for diluted earnings per share	74,604		75,558		74,733		77,687
Basic earnings per share	$	3.71	$	3.34	$	9.87	$	9.55
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.64	$	3.29	$	9.72	$	9.38

Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 excludes the effect of 0.7 million and 2.5 million shares, respectively, of common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of employee stock options because such effect would be anti-dilutive. Diluted earnings per share also excludes the effect of an immaterial amount of performance-based restricted stock for which the performance criteria have not yet been achieved for the three month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

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11. Segments

The Company reports information about its operating segments in accordance with the authoritative guidance related to segments. We manage and report our operating results through four reportable segments: Fleet, Corporate Payments, Lodging and Brazil. The remaining results are included within Other, which includes our Gift and Payroll Card businesses. These segments align with how the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) allocates resources, assesses performance and reviews financial information.

The Company’s segment results are as follows for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	20231		2022		20231		2022
Revenues, net:
Fleet	$	365,502	$	395,203	$	1,120,823	$	1,124,157
Corporate Payments	258,800		196,941		732,958		570,408
Lodging	141,389		125,961		400,287		337,438
Brazil	134,172		108,583		381,998		322,945
Other2	71,029		66,312		184,333		188,571
	$	970,892	$	893,000	$	2,820,399	$	2,543,519
Operating income:
Fleet	$	186,614	$	192,598	$	547,637	$	547,233
Corporate Payments	102,143		69,669		265,100		193,735
Lodging	74,023		63,463		196,832		161,802
Brazil	61,054		44,646		168,673		123,591
Other2	21,143		18,794		54,580		51,010
	$	444,977	$	389,170	$	1,232,822	$	1,077,371
Depreciation and amortization:
Fleet	$	34,219	$	34,897	$	104,147	$	104,531
Corporate Payments	21,114		15,864		61,458		48,936
Lodging	12,189		10,474		35,247		31,329
Brazil	14,989		13,756		45,065		41,164
Other2	2,239		2,222		6,741		6,529
	$	84,750	$	77,213	$	252,658	$	232,489

1Results from Global Reach Group acquired in the first quarter of 2023 are reported in the Corporate Payments segment from the date of acquisition. Results from Mina Digital Limited, Business Gateway AG and PayByPhone acquired during 2023 are reported in the Fleet segment, from the date of acquisition.

2Other includes Gift and Payroll Card operating segments.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various pending or threatened legal actions, arbitration proceedings, claims, subpoenas, and matters relating to compliance with laws and regulations (collectively, "legal proceedings"). Based on our current knowledge, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition for any particular period.

Derivative Lawsuits

On July 10, 2017, a shareholder derivative complaint was filed against the Company and certain of the Company’s directors and officers in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ("Federal Derivative Action") seeking recovery from the Company. The District Court dismissed the Federal Derivative Action on October 21, 2020, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the dismissal on July 27, 2022, ending the lawsuit. A similar

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derivative lawsuit that had been filed on January 9, 2019 in the Superior Court of Gwinnett County, Georgia (“State Derivative Action”) was likewise dismissed on October 31, 2022.

On January 20, 2023, the previous State Derivative Action plaintiffs filed a new derivative lawsuit in the Superior Court of Gwinnett County, Georgia. The new lawsuit, City of Aventura Police Officers’ Retirement Fund, derivatively on behalf of FleetCor Technologies, Inc. v. Ronald F. Clarke and Eric R. Dey, alleges that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing or permitting the Company to engage in unfair or deceptive marketing and billing practices, making false and misleading public statements concerning the Company’s fee charges and financial and business prospects, and making improper sales of stock. The complaint seeks approximately $118 million in monetary damages on behalf of the Company, including contribution by defendants as joint tortfeasors with the Company in unfair and deceptive practices, and disgorgement of incentive pay and stock compensation. On January 24, 2023, the previous Federal Derivative Action plaintiffs filed a similar new derivative lawsuit, Jerrell Whitten, derivatively on behalf of FleetCor Technologies, Inc. v. Ronald F. Clarke and Eric R. Dey, against Mr. Clarke and Mr. Dey in Gwinnett County, Georgia. The defendants dispute the allegations in the derivative complaints and intend to vigorously defend against the claims.

FTC Investigation

In October 2017, the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") issued a Notice of Civil Investigative Demand to the Company for the production of documentation and a request for responses to written interrogatories. After discussions with the Company, the FTC proposed in October 2019 to resolve potential claims relating to the Company’s advertising and marketing practices, principally in its U.S. direct fuel card business within its North American Fuel Card business. The parties reached impasse primarily related to what the Company believes are unreasonable demands for redress made by the FTC. On December 20, 2019, the FTC filed a lawsuit in the Northern District of Georgia against the Company and Ron Clarke. See FTC v. FLEETCOR and Ronald F. Clarke, No. 19-cv-05727 (N.D. Ga.). The complaint alleges the Company and Clarke violated the FTC Act’s prohibitions on unfair and deceptive acts and practices. The complaint seeks among other things injunctive relief, consumer redress, and costs of suit. The Company continues to believe that the FTC’s claims are without merit. On April 17, 2021, the FTC filed a motion for summary judgment. On April 22, 2021, the United States Supreme Court held unanimously in AMG Capital Management v. FTC that the FTC does not have authority under current law to seek monetary redress by means of Section 13(b) of the FTC Act, which is the means by which the FTC has sought such redress in this case. FLEETCOR cross-moved for summary judgment regarding the FTC’s ability to seek monetary or injunctive relief on May 17, 2021. On August 13, 2021, the FTC filed a motion to stay or to voluntarily dismiss without prejudice the case pending in the Northern District of Georgia in favor of a parallel administrative action under Section 5 of the FTC Act that it filed on August 11, 2021 in the FTC’s administrative process. Apart from the jurisdiction and statutory change, the FTC’s administrative complaint makes the same factual allegations as the FTC’s original complaint filed in December 2019. The Company opposed the FTC’s motion for a stay or to voluntarily dismiss, and the court denied the FTC’s motion on February 7, 2022. In the meantime, the FTC’s administrative action is stayed. On August 9, 2022, the District Court for the Northern District of Georgia granted the FTC's motion for summary judgment as to liability for the Company and Ron Clarke, but granted the Company's motion for summary judgment as to the FTC's claim for monetary relief as to both the Company and Ron Clarke. The Company intends to appeal this decision after final judgment is issued. On October 20-21, 2022, the court held a hearing on the scope of injunctive relief. At the conclusion of the hearing, the Court did not enter either the FTC’s proposed order or the Company’s proposed order, and instead suggested that the parties enter mediation. Following mediation, both parties have filed proposed orders with the Court.

On June 8, 2023, the Court issued an Order for Permanent Injunction and Other Relief. The Company filed its notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit on August 3, 2023. On August 17, 2023, the FTC Commission ordered that the stay of the parallel Section 5 administrative action will remain in place during the pendency of the Eleventh Circuit appeal. The Company has incurred and continues to incur legal and other fees related to this FTC complaint. Any settlement of this matter, or defense against the lawsuit, could involve costs to the Company, including legal fees, redress, penalties, and remediation expenses.

Estimating an amount or range of possible losses resulting from litigation proceedings is inherently difficult and requires an extensive degree of judgment, particularly where, as here, the matters involve indeterminate claims for monetary damages and are in the stages of the proceedings where key factual and legal issues have not been resolved. For these reasons, the Company is currently unable to predict the ultimate timing or outcome of, or reasonably estimate the possible losses or a range of possible losses resulting from, the matters described above.

13. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Foreign Currency Derivatives

The Company uses derivatives to facilitate cross-currency corporate payments by writing derivatives to customers within its cross-border solution. The Company writes derivatives, primarily foreign currency forward contracts, option contracts, and swaps, mostly with small and medium size enterprises that are customers and derives a currency spread from this activity.

Derivative transactions associated with the Company's cross-border solution include:

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•Forward contracts, which are commitments to buy or sell at a future date a currency at a contract price and will be settled in cash.

•Option contracts, which give the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell within a specified time a currency at a contracted price that may be settled in cash.

•Swap contracts, which are commitments to settlement in cash at a future date or dates, usually on an overnight basis.

The credit risk inherent in derivative agreements represents the possibility that a loss may occur from the nonperformance of a counterparty to the agreements. Concentrations of credit and performance risk may exist with counterparties, which includes customers and banking partners, as the Company is engaged in similar activities with similar economic characteristics related to fluctuations in foreign currency rates. The Company performs a review of the credit risk of these counterparties at the inception of the contract and on an ongoing basis. The Company also monitors the concentration of its contracts with any individual counterparty against limits at the individual counterparty level. The Company anticipates that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements, but takes action when doubt arises about the counterparties' ability to perform. These actions may include requiring customers to post or increase collateral, and for all counterparties, if the counterparty does not perform under the term of the contract, the contract may be terminated. The Company does not designate any of its foreign exchange derivatives as hedging instruments in accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging".

The aggregate equivalent U.S. dollar notional amount of foreign exchange derivative customer contracts held by the Company as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions) is presented in the following table:

	Notional
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Foreign exchange contracts:
Swaps	$	194.3	$	160.9
Futures and forwards	19,841.1		15,159.4
Written options	19,671.8		13,701.9
Purchased options	15,983.3		11,474.2
Total	$	55,690.5	$	40,496.4

The majority of customer foreign exchange contracts are written in currencies such as the U.S. dollar, Canadian dollar, British pound, euro and Australian dollar.

The following table summarizes the fair value of derivatives reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

	September 30, 2023
	Fair Value, Gross				Fair Value, Net
	Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives - undesignated:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	607.7	$	557.6	$	317.1	$	267.0
Cash collateral	46.1		187.1		46.1		187.1
Total net of cash collateral	$	561.6	$	370.5	$	271.0	$	79.9

	December 31, 2022
	Fair Value, Gross				Fair Value, Net
	Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives - undesignated:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	582.2	$	540.0	$	266.9	$	224.7
Cash collateral	56.1		148.2		56.1		148.2
Total net of cash collateral	$	526.1	$	391.8	$	210.8	$	76.5

The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities associated with contracts, which include netting terms that the Company believes to be enforceable, have been recorded net within prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets, other current liabilities and other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company receives cash from customers as collateral for trade exposures, which is recorded within cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and customer deposits liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The customer has the right to recall their collateral in the event exposures move in their favor, they perform on all outstanding contracts and have no outstanding amounts due to the Company, or they cease to do business with the Company. The Company has trading lines with several banks, most of which require collateral to be posted if

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certain mark-to-market (MTM) thresholds are exceeded. Cash collateral posted with banks is recorded within restricted cash and can be recalled in the event that exposures move in the Company’s favor or move below the collateral posting thresholds. The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral. Cash flows from the Company's foreign currency derivatives are classified as operating activities within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities, as well as their classification on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions): 

		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Balance Sheet Classification	Fair Value
Derivative Assets	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	222.3	$	204.9
Derivative Assets	Other assets	$	94.8	$	62.0
Derivative Liabilities	Other current liabilities	$	188.8	$	184.1
Derivative Liabilities	Other noncurrent liabilities	$	78.2	$	40.6

Cash Flow Hedges

On January 22, 2019, the Company entered into three interest rate swap cash flow contracts (the "swap contracts"). One contract (which matured in January 2022) had a notional value of $1.0 billion, while the other two contracts (with maturity dates of January 2023 and December 2023) each had a notional value of $500 million. The objective of these swap contracts was to reduce the variability of cash flows in the previously unhedged interest payments associated with $2.0 billion of unspecified variable rate debt, the sole source of which is due to changes in the LIBOR benchmark interest rate. At inception, the Company designated these contracts as hedging instruments in accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging."

During January 2023, the Company entered into five receive-variable SOFR, pay-fixed interest rate swap derivative contracts with a cumulative notional U.S. dollar value of $1.5 billion as shown disaggregated in the table below.

On May 4, 2023, the Company amended the remaining LIBOR-based interest rate swap with a notional amount of $500 million from one-month term LIBOR of 2.55% to one-month term SOFR of 2.50%, without further changes to the terms of the swap. The Company applied certain expedients provided in ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), related to changes in critical terms of the hedging relationships due to reference rate reform, which allowed the change in critical terms without dedesignation of the hedging relationship.

In August 2023, the Company entered into eight additional receive-variable SOFR, pay-fixed interest rate swap derivative contracts with a cumulative notional U.S. dollar value of $2.0 billion as shown disaggregated in the table below.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swap derivatives that qualify as hedging instruments within designated cash flow hedges of variable interest rate risk (in millions):

Notional Amount	Fixed Rates	Maturity Date
$500	2.50%	12/19/2023
$250	4.01%	7/31/2025
$250	4.02%	7/31/2025
$500	3.80%	1/31/2026
$250	3.71%	7/31/2026
$250	3.72%	7/31/2026
$100	4.35%	7/31/2026
$250	4.40%	7/31/2026
$250	4.40%	7/31/2026
$400	4.33%	7/31/2026
$250	4.29%	1/31/2027
$250	4.29%	1/31/2027
$250	4.19%	7/31/2027
$250	4.19%	7/31/2027

The purpose of these contracts is to reduce the variability of cash flows in interest payments associated with the Company's unspecified variable rate debt, the sole source of which is due to changes in the SOFR benchmark interest rate. The Company has designated these derivative instruments as cash flow hedging instruments, which are expected to be highly effective at offsetting changes in cash flows of the related underlying exposure. As a result, changes in fair value of the interest rate swaps

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are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. For each of these swap contracts, the Company pays a fixed monthly rate and receives one month SOFR. The Company reclassified $24.6 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss resulting in a benefit to interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to these interest rate swap contracts. Cash flows related to the Company's interest rate swap derivatives are classified as operating activities within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, as such cash flows relate to hedged interest payments recorded in operating activities.

For derivatives accounted for as hedging instruments, the Company formally designates and documents, at inception, the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, the risk management objective and the strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction. The Company formally assesses, both at the inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the financial instruments used in hedging transactions are effective at offsetting changes in cash flows of the related underlying exposures.

The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap contracts, as well as their classification on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions). See Note 3 for additional information on the fair value of the Company’s swap contracts.

		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Balance Sheet Classification	Fair Value
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Swap contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	45.5	$	12.0
Swap contracts	Other assets	$	8.6	$	—
Swap contracts	Other noncurrent liabilities	$	(6.5)	$	—

As of September 30, 2023, the estimated net amount of the existing gains expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is approximately $45.5 million.

Net Investment Hedge

In February 2023, the Company entered into a cross-currency interest rate swap that is designated as a net investment hedge of our investments in euro-denominated operations. This contract effectively converts $500 million of U.S. dollar equivalent to an obligation denominated in euro, and partially offsets the impact of changes in currency rates on our euro-denominated net investments. This contract also creates a positive interest differential on the U.S. dollar-denominated portion of the swap, resulting in a 1.96% interest rate savings on the USD notional.

Hedge effectiveness is tested based on changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swap due to changes in the USD/euro spot rate. The Company anticipates perfect effectiveness of the designated hedging relationship and records changes in the fair value of the cross-currency interest rate swap associated with changes in the spot rate through accumulated other comprehensive loss. Excluded components associated with the forward differential are recognized directly in earnings as interest expense, net. The Company recognized a benefit of $6.4 million in interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to these excluded components. The cross-currency interest rate swap designated as a net investment hedge is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets at a fair value of $6.9 million as of September 30, 2023. Upon settlement, cash flows attributable to derivatives designated as net investment hedges will be classified as investing activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

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14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCL)

The changes in the components of AOCL, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023
	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(1,518,640)	$	8,990	$	(1,509,650)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(16,387)		71,500		55,113
Amounts reclassified from AOCL	120,269		(24,603)		95,666
Tax effect	—		(3,063)		(3,063)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	103,882		43,834		147,716
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(1,414,758)	$	52,824	$	(1,361,934)

	September 30, 2022
	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation		Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Derivative Instruments		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	(1,441,505)	$	(23,111)	$	(1,464,616)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(228,666)		30,084		(198,582)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL	—		13,582		13,582
Tax effect	—		(10,829)		(10,829)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(228,666)		32,837		(195,829)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	(1,670,171)	$	9,726	$	(1,660,445)

Amounts reclassified that relate to foreign currency translation during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 are related to the Company's Russia business disposed of during the quarter ended September 30, 2023. See Note 15 for additional information regarding the Company's disposition of its Russia business.

15. Russia Disposition

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company signed definitive documents to sell its Russia business to a third party. At June 30, 2023, the Company concluded that the sale was not considered probable due to continued uncertainty regarding regulatory approvals and ongoing discussions regarding the nature and timing of deal completion. As such, the assets and liabilities associated with the Company's Russian business were not classified as held for sale prior to the completion of the transaction. During August 2023, the Company received the outstanding regulatory approvals, and the sale was completed on August 15, 2023.

The sale includes the entirety of the Company's operations in Russia and results in a complete exit from the Russia market. The Russia business was historically reported within the Company's Fleet segment and did not meet the criteria to be presented as discontinued operations. The Company received total proceeds, net of cash disposed and net of a $5.6 million foreign exchange loss upon conversion of the ruble-denominated proceeds to U.S. dollars, of $197.0 million, which have been recorded within investing activities in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In connection with the sale, the Company recorded a net gain on disposal of approximately $13.7 million during the third quarter of 2023, which represents the proceeds received less the derecognition of the related net assets, the reclassification of accumulated foreign currency translation losses, and the foreign exchange loss upon conversion of the ruble-denominated proceeds to U.S. dollars. The net gain is included within other (income) expense, net in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The business in Russia accounted for approximately $62.0 million and $59.1 million of the Company's consolidated income before income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's assets in Russia were approximately 3.2% of consolidated assets at December 31, 2022.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those described in Item 1A "Risk Factors" appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and in Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All foreign currency amounts that have been converted into U.S. dollars in this discussion are based on the exchange rate as reported by Oanda for the applicable periods.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations generally discusses the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, with period-over-period comparisons between these periods. A detailed discussion of 2022 items and period-over-period comparisons between the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 that are not included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part I, Item 2 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

Executive Overview

FLEETCOR trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker FLT. FLEETCOR is a leading global business payments company that helps businesses spend less by enabling them to better manage their expense-related purchasing and vendor payments processes. FLEETCOR’s smarter payment and spend management solutions are delivered in a variety of ways depending on the needs of the customer. From physical payment cards to software that includes customizable controls and robust payment capabilities, we provide businesses with a better way to pay.

Businesses spend an estimated $135 trillion each year in transactions with other businesses. In many instances, businesses lack the proper tools to monitor what is being purchased, and employ manual, paper-based, disparate processes and methods to both approve and make payments for their business-to-business purchases. This often results in wasted time and money due to unnecessary or unauthorized spending, fraud, receipt collection, data input and consolidation, report generation, reimbursement processing, account reconciliations, employee disciplinary actions, and more.

FLEETCOR’s vision is that every payment is digital, every purchase is controlled, and every related decision is informed. Digital payments are faster and more secure than paper-based methods such as checks, and provide timely and detailed data that can be utilized to effectively reduce unauthorized purchases and fraud, automate data entry and reporting, and eliminate reimbursement processes. Combining this payment data with analytical tools delivers powerful insights, which managers can use to better run their businesses. Our wide range of modern, digitized solutions generally provides control, reporting, and automation benefits superior to many of the payment methods businesses often use such as cash, paper checks, general purpose credit cards, as well as employee pay and reclaim processes.

Impact of Russia's Invasion of Ukraine and Other Geo-Political Events on Our Business

The current military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, as well as within the Middle East continue to create substantial uncertainty about the global economy in the future. Although the length, impact and outcome of the ongoing military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and within the Middle East is highly unpredictable, these conflicts could lead to significant market and other disruptions. We have recently exited the Russia market via the disposition of our Russia business, which closed in the third quarter of 2023 (see "Russia Disposition" section below). Additionally, we do not have operations in Israel or Gaza. However, the escalation or continuation of these conflicts presents heightened risks and has resulted and could continue to result in volatile commodity markets, supply chain disruptions, increased risk of cyber incidents or other disruptions to information systems, heightened risks to employee safety, limitations on access to credit markets, increased operating costs (including fuel and other input costs), the frequency and volume of failures to settle securities transactions, inflation, potential for increased volatility in commodity, currency and other financial markets, and safety risks. We cannot predict how and the extent to which the conflicts will affect our customers, operations or business partners or the demand for our products and our global business. Depending on the actions we take or are required to take, the ongoing conflicts could also result in loss of cash, assets or impairment charges. Additionally, we may also face negative publicity and reputational risk based on the actions we take or are required to take as a result of these conflicts, which could damage our brand image or corporate reputation.

The extent of the impact of these tragic events on our business remains uncertain and will continue to depend on numerous evolving factors that we are not able to accurately predict, including the extent, severity, duration and outcome of the conflicts. We are actively monitoring the situations and assessing the impact on our business, and are continuing to refine our business continuity plan, which includes crisis response materials designed to mitigate the impact of disruptions to our business. Further, there can be no assurance that our plan will successfully mitigate all disruptions. To date we have not experienced any material interruptions in our infrastructure, technology systems or networks needed to support our operations. The extent, severity,

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duration and outcome of the military conflicts, sanctions and resulting market disruptions could be significant and could potentially have substantial impact on the global economy and our business for an unknown period of time. Any such disruptions may also magnify the impact of other risks described herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Russia Disposition

During the second quarter of 2023, we signed definitive documents to sell our Russia business to a third party. At June 30, 2023, we concluded that the sale was not considered probable due to continued uncertainty regarding regulatory approvals and ongoing discussions regarding the nature and timing of deal completion. As such, the assets and liabilities associated with our Russian business were not classified as held for sale prior to the completion of the transaction. During August 2023, we received the outstanding regulatory approvals, and the sale was completed on August 15, 2023.

The sale includes the entirety of our operations in Russia and results in a complete exit from the Russia market. The Russia business was historically reported within our Fleet segment and did not meet the criteria to be presented as discontinued operations. We received total proceeds, net of cash disposed and net of a $5.6 million foreign exchange loss upon conversion of the ruble-denominated proceeds to U.S. dollars, of $197.0 million, which have been recorded within investing activities in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In connection with the sale, we recorded a net gain on disposal of approximately $13.7 million during the third quarter of 2023, which represents the proceeds received less the derecognition of the related net assets, the reclassification of accumulated foreign currency translation losses and the foreign exchange loss upon conversion of the ruble-denominated proceeds to U.S. dollars. The net gain is included within other (income) expense, net in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Our business in Russia accounted for approximately $62.0 million and $59.1 million of our consolidated income before income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our assets in Russia were approximately 3.2% of our consolidated assets at December 31, 2022.

Impact of Recent Bank Failures

Recent failures of several financial institutions have created uncertainty in the global financial markets and a greater focus on the potential failure of other banks in the future. Although we did not experience losses as a result of these failures, we regularly maintain cash balances with financial institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit or the equivalent outside the U.S. A disruption in financial markets could impair our banking partners, which could affect our ability to access our cash or cash equivalents; our ability to provide services to our customers; and our customers' ability to access their cash to fulfill their payment obligations to us, their vendors, and other third parties. The occurrence of these events could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Results

Revenues, net, Net Income and Net Income Per Diluted Share. Set forth below are revenues, net, net income and net income per diluted share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (in millions, except per share amounts).

 

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues, net	$	970.9	$	893.0	$	2,820.4	$	2,543.5
Net income	$	271.5	$	248.9	$	726.0	$	729.0
Net income per diluted share	$	3.64	$	3.29	$	9.72	$	9.38

Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Net Income Per Diluted Share, EBITDA and EBITDA margin. Set forth below are adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share, EBITDA and EBITDA margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in millions, except per share amounts).

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Adjusted net income	$	335.1		$	320.7		$	932.5		$	936.5
Adjusted net income per diluted share	$	4.49		$	4.24		$	12.48		$	12.06
EBITDA	$	528.9		$	466.4		$	1,486.1		$	1,309.9
EBITDA margin	54.5		%	52.2		%	52.7		%	51.5		%

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Adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share, EBITDA and EBITDA margin are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of operating performance. See the heading entitled "Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for more information and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. We use adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share, EBITDA and EBITDA margin to eliminate the effect of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance on a consistent basis. These non-GAAP measures are presented solely to permit investors to more fully understand how our management assesses underlying performance and are not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP measures, and should be viewed in conjunction with our GAAP financial measures.

Sources of Revenue

FLEETCOR offers a variety of business payment solutions that help to simplify, automate, secure, digitize and effectively control the way businesses manage and pay their expenses. We provide our payment solutions to our business, merchant, consumer and payment network customers in more than 150 countries around the world today, although we operate primarily in three geographies, with 83% of our revenues generated in the U.S., Brazil, and the U.K. Our customers may include commercial businesses (obtained through direct and indirect channels), partners for whom we manage payment programs, as well as individual consumers.

We report information about our operating segments in accordance with the authoritative guidance related to segments. We manage and report our operating results through four reportable segments: Fleet, Corporate Payments, Lodging, and Brazil. The remaining results are included within Other, which includes our Gift and Payroll Card businesses. These segments align with how the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) allocates resources, assesses performance and reviews financial information.

Our revenue is generally reported net of the cost for underlying products and services purchased. In this report, we refer to this net revenue as “revenue" or "revenues, net." See “Results of Operations” for additional segment information.

Revenues, net, by Segment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our segments generated the following revenue (in millions).

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023				2022				2023				2022
(Unaudited)*	Revenues, net		% of Total Revenues, net		Revenues, net		% of Total Revenues, net		Revenues, net		% of Total Revenues, net		Revenues, net		% of Total Revenues, net
Fleet	$	365.5	38	%	$	395.2	44	%	$	1,120.8	40	%	$	1,124.2	44	%
Corporate Payments	258.8		27	%	196.9		22	%	733.0		26	%	570.4		22	%
Lodging	141.4		15	%	126.0		14	%	400.3		14	%	337.4		13	%
Brazil	134.2		14	%	108.6		12	%	382.0		14	%	322.9		13	%
Other	71.0		7	%	66.3		7	%	184.3		7	%	188.6		7	%
Consolidated revenues, net	$	970.9	100	%	$	893.0	100	%	$	2,820.4	100	%	$	2,543.5	100	%

*Columns may not calculate due to rounding. Other includes our Gift and Payroll Card businesses.

Segment and solutions reporting have converged to be the same. The Fuel solution is now included with the Fleet segment, with the exception of Brazil fuel, which is included in the Brazil segment. Vehicle maintenance, telematics, and Mexico benefits were included in the Other solution category previously, and are now included in the Fleet segment. The Brazil segment includes Brazil benefits from the Other solution category and the Tolls solution category. The Gift and Payroll Card solution categories are now included in Other.

We generate revenue in our Fleet segment through a variety of program fees, including transaction fees, card fees, network fees and charges, as well as from interchange. These fees may be charged as fixed amounts, costs plus a mark-up, based on a percentage of the transaction purchase amounts, or a combination thereof. Our programs also include other fees and charges associated with late payments and based on customer credit risk.

In our Corporate Payments segment, we primarily earn revenue from the difference between the amount charged to the customer and the amount paid to the third party for a given transaction, as interchange or spread revenue. Our programs may also charge fixed fees for access to the network and ancillary services provided. In our cross-border payments business, the majority of revenue is from exchanges of currency at spot rates, which enables customers to make cross-currency payments. Our performance obligation in our foreign exchange payment services is providing a foreign currency payment to a customer’s

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designated recipient and therefore, we recognize revenue on foreign exchange payment services when the underlying payment is made. Revenues from foreign exchange payment services are primarily comprised of the difference between the exchange rate we set for the customer and the rate available in the wholesale foreign exchange market.

In our Lodging segment, we primarily earn revenue from the difference between the amount charged to the customer and the amount paid to the hotel for a given transaction and commissions paid by hotels. We may also charge fees for access to the network and ancillary services provided.

In our Brazil segment, we primarily earn revenue from fixed fees for access to the network and ancillary services provided. We also earn interchange and merchant discounts on certain non-toll products. The primary measure of volume is average monthly tags active during the period.

The remaining revenues represent other solutions in our Gift and Payroll card businesses. In these businesses, we primarily earn revenue from the processing of transactions. We may also charge fixed fees for ancillary services provided.

Revenues, net by Geography. Revenue by geography for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023				2022				2023				2022
Revenues, net by Geography*	Revenues, net		% of Total Revenues, net		Revenues, net		% of Total Revenues, net		Revenues, net		% of Total Revenues, net		Revenues, net		% of Total Revenues, net
United States	$	561.4	58	%	$	558.3	63	%	$	1,609.8	57	%	$	1,557.7	61	%
Brazil	134.2		14	%	108.6		12	%	382.0		14	%	322.9		13	%
United Kingdom	114.5		12	%	90.4		10	%	333.4		12	%	278.4		11	%
Other	160.8		17	%	135.8		15	%	495.2		18	%	384.5		15	%
Consolidated revenues, net	$	970.9	100	%	$	893.0	100	%	$	2,820.4	100	%	$	2,543.5	100	%

*Columns may not calculate due to rounding.

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Organic Revenues, net by Segment and KPI. The following table presents organic revenue growth by segment and per key performance metric for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in millions except revenues, net per key performance metric).*

	As Reported								Pro Forma and Macro Adjusted2
	Three Months Ended September 30,								Three Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023		2022		Change		% Change		2023		2022		Change		% Change
FLEET
'- Revenues, net	$365.5		$395.2		(29.7)		(8)	%	$396.7		$381.1		$15.6		4	%
'- Transactions	122.0		123.4		(1.4)		(1)	%	122.0		124.1		(2.1)		(2)	%
'- Revenues, net per transaction	$2.99		$3.20		$(0.21)		(6)	%	$3.25		$3.07		$0.18		6	%
CORPORATE PAYMENTS
'- Revenues, net	$258.8		$196.9		$61.9		31	%	$256.8		$213.7		$43.1		20	%
'- Spend volume	39,446		30,609		8,837		29	%	39,446		32,828		6,618		20	%
'- Revenue, net per spend $	0.66	%	0.64	%	0.01	%	2	%	0.65	%	0.65	%	—	%	—	%
LODGING
'- Revenues, net	$141.4		$126.0		$15.4		12	%	$141.0		$128.6		$12.4		10	%
'- Room nights	9.2		9.9		(0.7)		(7)	%	9.2		10.0		(0.9)		(9)	%
'- Revenues, net per room night	$15.41		$12.78		$2.62		21	%	$15.36		$12.81		$2.55		20	%
BRAZIL
'- Revenues, net	$134.2		$108.6		$25.6		24	%	$126.0		$108.6		$17.4		16	%
'- Tags (average monthly)	6.7		6.2		0.4		7	%	6.7		6.2		0.4		7	%
'- Revenues, net per tag	$20.16		$17.47		$2.69		15	%	$18.94		$17.47		$1.47		8	%
OTHER1
'- Revenues, net	$71.0		$66.3		$4.7		7	%	$70.5		$66.3		$4.2		6	%
'- Transactions	296.6		249.4		47.1		19	%	296.6		249.4		47.1		19	%
'- Revenues, net per transaction	$0.24		$0.27		$(0.03)		(10)	%	$0.24		$0.27		$(0.03)		(11)	%
FLEETCOR CONSOLIDATED REVENUES, NET
'- Revenues, net	$970.9		$893.0		$77.9		9	%	$991.1		$898.3		$92.8		10	%

1 Other includes Gift and Payroll Card operating segments.

2 See heading entitled "Managements' Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of pro forma and macro adjusted revenue by solution and metric non-GAAP measures to the comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP.

* Columns may not calculate due to rounding.

Organic revenue growth is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure of operating performance. Organic revenue growth is calculated as revenue in the current period adjusted for the impact of changes in the macroeconomic environment (to include fuel price, fuel price spreads and changes in foreign exchange rates) over revenue in the comparable prior period adjusted to include or remove the impact of acquisitions and/or divestitures and non-recurring items that have occurred subsequent to that period. See the heading entitled "Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for more information and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. We believe that organic revenue growth on a macro-neutral, one-time item, and consistent acquisition/divestiture/non-recurring item basis is useful to investors for understanding the performance of FLEETCOR.

Revenue per relevant key performance indicator (KPI), which may include transaction, spend volume, monthly tags, room nights, or other metrics, can vary based on geography, the relevant merchant relationship, the payment product utilized and the types of products or services purchased, the mix of which would be influenced by our acquisitions, organic growth in our business, and the overall macroeconomic environment, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, fuel prices and fuel price spreads. Revenue per KPI per customer may change as the level of services we provide to a customer increases or decreases, as macroeconomic factors change and as adjustments are made to merchant and customer rates. See "Results of Operations" for further discussion.

Sources of Expenses

We incur expenses in the following categories: 

•Processing—Our processing expense consists of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing our customers and merchants, credit losses and cost of goods sold related to our hardware and card sales in certain businesses.

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•Selling—Our selling expenses consist primarily of wages, benefits, sales commissions (other than merchant commissions) and related expenses for our sales, marketing and account management personnel and activities.

•General and administrative—Our general and administrative expenses include compensation and related expenses (including stock-based compensation and bonuses) for our finance and accounting, information technology, human resources, legal and other administrative personnel. Also included are facilities expenses, third-party professional services fees, travel and entertainment expenses, and other corporate-level expenses.

•Depreciation and amortization—Our depreciation expenses include depreciation of property and equipment, consisting of computer hardware and software (including proprietary software development amortization expense), card-reading equipment, furniture, fixtures, vehicles and buildings and leasehold improvements related to office space. Our amortization expenses include amortization of intangible assets related to customer and vendor relationships, trade names and trademarks, software and non-compete agreements. We are amortizing intangible assets related to business acquisitions and certain private label contracts associated with the purchase of accounts receivable.

•Other operating, net—Our other operating, net includes other operating expenses and income items that do not relate to our core operations or that occur infrequently.

•Other (income) expense, net—Our other (income) expense, net includes gains or losses from the following: sales of assets or businesses, foreign currency transactions, extinguishment of debt, and investments. This category also includes other miscellaneous non-operating costs and revenue. Certain of these items may be presented separately on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

•Interest expense, net—Our interest expense, net includes interest expense on our outstanding debt, interest income on our cash and cash equivalents balances and interest on our interest rate and cross-currency swaps.

•Provision for income taxes—Our provision for income taxes consists of corporate income taxes related primarily to profits resulting from the sale of our products and services on a global basis.

Factors and Trends Impacting our Business

We believe that the following factors and trends are important in understanding our financial performance: 

•Global economic conditions—Our results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the economy generally, in North America, Brazil, and in other locations internationally, including the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine and other geopolitical events in the Middle East, as discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Factors affected by the economy include our transaction volumes, the credit risk of our customers and changes in tax laws across the globe. These factors affected our businesses in each of our segments.

•Foreign currency changes—Our results of operations are significantly impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates; namely, by movements of the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound, Canadian dollar, Czech koruna, euro, Mexican peso, New Zealand dollar and Russian ruble (for periods prior to the disposition of our Russian business), relative to the U.S. dollar. Approximately 57% and 61% of our revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, was derived in U.S. dollars and was not affected by foreign currency exchange rates. See "Results of Operations" for information related to foreign currency impact on our total revenue, net.

Our cross-border foreign currency trading business aggregates foreign exchange exposures arising from customer contracts and economically hedges the resulting net currency risks by entering into offsetting contracts with established financial institution counterparties. These contracts are subject to counterparty credit risk.

•Fuel prices—Our fleet customers use our products and services primarily in connection with the purchase of fuel. Accordingly, our revenue is affected by fuel prices, which are subject to significant volatility. A change in retail fuel prices could cause a decrease or increase in our revenue from several sources, including fees paid to us based on a percentage of each customer’s total purchase. Changes in the absolute price of fuel may also impact unpaid account balances and the late fees and charges based on these amounts. We estimate approximately 10% and 13% of revenues, net were directly impacted by changes in fuel price in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We estimate approximately 11% and 13% of revenues, net were directly impacted by changes in fuel price in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See "Results of Operations" for information related to the fuel price impact on our total revenues, net.

•Fuel-price spread volatility—A portion of our revenue involves transactions where we derive revenue from fuel price spreads, which is the difference between the price charged to a fleet customer for a transaction and the price paid to the merchant for the same transaction. In these transactions, the price paid to the merchant is based on the wholesale cost of fuel. The merchant’s wholesale cost of fuel is dependent on several factors including, among others, the factors described above affecting fuel prices. The fuel price that we charge to our customer is dependent on several factors including, among others, the fuel price paid to the merchant, posted retail fuel prices and competitive fuel prices. We

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experience fuel price spread contraction when the merchant’s wholesale cost of fuel increases at a faster rate than the fuel price we charge to our customers, or the fuel price we charge to our customers decreases at a faster rate than the merchant’s wholesale cost of fuel. The inverse of these situations produces fuel price spread expansion. We estimate approximately 4% and 6% of revenues, net were directly impacted by fuel price spreads in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We estimate approximately 5% and 6% of revenues, net were directly impacted by fuel price spreads in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See "Results of Operations" for information related to the fuel price spread impact on our total revenues, net.

•Acquisitions—Since 2002, we have completed over 95 acquisitions of companies and commercial account portfolios. Acquisitions have been an important part of our growth strategy, and it is our intention to continue to seek opportunities to increase our customer base and diversify our service offering through further strategic acquisitions. The impact of acquisitions has, and may continue to have, a significant impact on our results of operations and may make it difficult to compare our results between periods.

•Interest rates—From January 1, 2022 to July 27, 2023, the U.S. Federal Open Market Committee has increased the benchmark rate eleven times for a total rate increase of 5.25%. Additional increases are possible in future periods. We are exposed to market risk changes in interest rates on our cash investments and debt, particularly in rising interest rate environments, which is partially offset by incremental interest income earned on cash and restricted cash. On January 22, 2019, we entered into three swap contracts. The objective of these swap contracts is to reduce the variability of cash flows in the previously unhedged interest payments associated with $2.0 billion of variable rate debt, the sole source of which is due to changes in the LIBOR benchmark interest rate. For each of these swap contracts, we paid a fixed monthly rate and received one month LIBOR. In January 2022 and 2023, $1.0 billion and $500 million, respectively, of our interest rate swaps matured. On May 4, 2023, we amended the remaining LIBOR-based swap. The amendment replaced LIBOR on the swap with one-month term SOFR resulting in a pay-fixed monthly rate of 2.50%, without further changes to the terms of the swap. In January 2023, we entered into five swap contracts totaling $1.5 billion. In August 2023, we entered into eight additional interest rate swap contracts totaling $2.0 billion. The objective of these swap contracts is to reduce the variability of cash flows in the previously unhedged interest payments associated with variable rate debt, the sole source of which is due to changes in the SOFR interest rate. For each of these swap contracts, we pay a fixed monthly rate and receive one-month term SOFR.

•Expenses—Over the long term, we expect that our expense will decrease as a percentage of revenue as our revenue increases, except for expenses related to transaction volume processed. To support our expected revenue growth, we plan to continue to incur additional sales and marketing expense by investing in our direct marketing, third-party agents, internet marketing, telemarketing and field sales force.

•Taxes—We pay taxes in various taxing jurisdictions, including the U.S., most U.S. states and many non-U.S. jurisdictions. The tax rates in certain non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions are different than the U.S. tax rate. Consequently, as our earnings fluctuate between taxing jurisdictions, our effective tax rate fluctuates.

Acquisitions and Investments

2023

•In January 2023, we acquired Global Reach, a U.K.-based cross-border payments provider, for approximately $102.9 million, net of cash.

•In February 2023, we acquired the remainder of Mina Digital Limited, a cloud-based electric vehicle ("EV") charging software platform, and we also acquired Business Gateway AG, a European-based vehicle maintenance provider, for a total of approximately $32.2 million, net of cash.

•In September 2023, we acquired PayByPhone Technologies, Inc., a global mobile parking payment application, for approximately $303.2 million, net of cash.

Each of these 2023 acquisitions provide incremental geographic expansion of our products, with PayByPhone specifically intended to progress our broader strategy to transform our vehicle payments business.

2022

•In November 2022, we completed the acquisition of Roomex, a European workforce lodging provider serving the U.K. and German markets for approximately $56.8 million, net of cash.

•In September 2022, we made an investment of $6.1 million in a U.K. based EV search and pay mapping service.

•In September 2022, we completed the acquisition of Plugsurfing, a European EV software and network provider, for $75.8 million, net of cash.

•In August 2022, we completed the acquisition of Accrualify, an accounts payable (AP) automation software company, for $41.2 million, net of cash.

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•In March 2022, we completed the acquisition of Levarti, a U.S.-based airline software platform company, for $23.7 million, net of cash.

•In February 2022, we made an investment of $7.8 million in Mina Digital Limited, an EV charging payments business and $5.0 million in an EV data analytics business.

Results from our Levarti acquisition are included in our Lodging segment, results from our Accrualify and Global Reach acquisitions are reported in our Corporate Payments segment, and results from our Plugsurfing, Business Gateway AG, Mina and PayByPhone acquisitions are reported in our Fleet segment, from the date of acquisition.

Results of Operations

Three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022

The following table sets forth selected unaudited consolidated statements of income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in millions, except percentages)*.

(Unaudited)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		% of Total Revenues, net		Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		% of Total Revenues, net		Increase (decrease)		% Change
Revenues, net:
Fleet	$	365.5	37.6	%	$	395.2	44.3	%	$	(29.7)	(7.5)	%
Corporate Payments	258.8		26.7	%	196.9		22.1	%	61.9		31.4	%
Lodging	141.4		14.6	%	126.0		14.1	%	15.4		12.2	%
Brazil	134.2		13.8	%	108.6		12.2	%	25.6		23.6	%
Other	71.0		7.3	%	66.3		7.4	%	4.7		7.1	%
Total revenues, net	970.9		100.0	%	893.0		100.0	%	77.9		8.7	%
Consolidated operating expenses:
Processing	208.2		21.4	%	203.3		22.8	%	4.9		2.4	%
Selling	86.0		8.9	%	74.0		8.3	%	11.9		16.1	%
General and administrative	147.8		15.2	%	149.3		16.7	%	(1.5)		(1.0)	%
Depreciation and amortization	84.8		8.7	%	77.2		8.6	%	7.5		9.8	%
Other operating, net	(0.8)		(0.1)	%	—		—	%	(0.8)		NM
Operating income	445.0		45.8	%	389.2		43.6	%	55.8		14.3	%
Investment loss (gain)	—		—	%	0.2		—	%	(0.1)		NM
Other (income) expense, net	(13.4)		(1.4)	%	3.7		0.4	%	(17.1)		NM
Interest expense, net	88.3		9.1	%	45.4		5.1	%	42.9		94.4	%
Provision for income taxes	98.6		10.2	%	91.0		10.2	%	7.6		8.3	%
Net income	$	271.5	28.0	%	$	248.9	27.9	%	$	22.6	9.1	%
Operating income by segment:
Fleet	$	186.6			$	192.6			$	(6.0)	(3.1)	%
Corporate Payments	102.1				69.7				32.5		46.6	%
Lodging	74.0				63.5				10.6		16.6	%
Brazil	61.1				44.6				16.4		36.8	%
Other	21.1				18.8				2.3		12.5	%
Total operating income	$	445.0			$	389.2			$	55.8	14.3	%

NM = Not Meaningful

*The sum of the columns and rows may not calculate due to rounding.

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Consolidated Results

Consolidated revenues, net

Consolidated revenues were $970.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 8.7% compared to the prior period. The increase in consolidated revenues was due primarily to organic growth of 10%, driven by increases in transaction volumes and new sales growth and net revenue growth of 1% from acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023, partially offset by the macroeconomic environment that negatively impacted revenue growth by 2%. Revenues were also negatively impacted compared to the prior period by the disposition of our Russia business in August 2023.

Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a negative impact on our consolidated revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023 over the comparable period in 2022, driven primarily by lower fuel price spreads and fuel prices that lowered revenue by approximately $23 million and $12 million, respectively. These decreases were partially offset by favorable foreign exchange rates of approximately $15 million, mostly in our U.K., Brazil and European businesses.

Consolidated operating expenses

Processing. Processing expenses were $208.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 2.4% compared to the prior period. Increases were primarily due to approximately $10 million of expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023, the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates of $5 million and higher variable expenses driven by increased transaction volumes, partially offset by lower bad debt of $10 million.

Selling. Selling expenses were $86.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 16.1% from the prior period. Increases in selling expenses were primarily associated with commissions from higher sales volume and approximately $6 million of expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023.

General and administrative. General and administrative expenses were $147.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of 1.0% from the prior period. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to lower stock based compensation expense, partially offset by the impact of acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023 of approximately $7 million and other increases associated with the growth of our business over the comparable prior period.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $84.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 9.8% from the prior period. Increases in depreciation and amortization expenses were primarily due to incremental investments in capital expenditures, namely technology over the past three years, as well as approximately $4 million due to acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023.

Consolidated operating income 

Consolidated operating income was $445.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 14.3% compared to the prior period. The increase in operating income was primarily due to the reasons discussed above and disciplined expense management, resulting in EBITDA margin expansion of 225 basis points over the prior period.

Other (income) expense, net. Other (income) expense, net was $13.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, which primarily represents the net gain of approximately $13.7 million resulting from the disposal of our Russia business during the third quarter of 2023.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense, net was $88.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $42.9 million from the prior period. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to rising interest rates on our borrowings and net cash used in financing activities, partially offset by the benefit of higher cash balances in certain foreign jurisdictions and an increase in interest income from higher interest rates. The following table sets forth the average interest rates paid on borrowings under our Credit Facility, excluding the related unused facility fees and swaps.

	Three Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023		2022
Term loan A	6.73	%	3.60	%
Term loan B	7.10	%	3.96	%
Revolving line of credit A & B (USD)	6.75	%	3.73	%
Revolving line of credit B (GBP)	5.71	%	2.60	%

We have a portfolio of interest rate swaps which are designated as cash flow hedges and one cross-currency interest rate swap, which is designated as a net investment hedge. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, as a result of these swap contracts and net investment hedge, we recorded a benefit to interest expense, net of $14.7 million.

Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes and effective tax rate were $98.6 million and 26.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $91.0 million and 26.8% for the prior period. The increase in the provision for

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income taxes of 8% is driven by the similar increase in income before income taxes. Income tax expense is based on an estimated annual effective rate, which requires us to make our best estimate of annual pretax accounting income or loss before consideration of tax or benefit discretely recognized in the period in which such occur. Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate due primarily to the unfavorable impact of state taxes net of federal benefits, additional taxes on undistributed foreign-sourced income, and foreign withholding taxes on interest income from intercompany notes.

Net income. For the reasons discussed above, our net income increased to $271.5 million, or 9.1%, from the prior period, during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Segment Results

Fleet

Fleet revenues were $365.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of 7.5% from the prior period. Fleet revenues were negatively impacted by the macroeconomic environment by approximately $31 million, driven primarily by unfavorable fuel price spreads of $23 million, lower fuel prices of $11 million, partially offset by favorable changes in foreign exchange rates on revenue of $3 million. The decrease in revenue was also due to the disposition of our Russia business in August 2023 of $17 million and softness in our small fleet customers based in the U.S. Our shift away from micro clients in the U.S. affected our sales and overall results, including lower late fees revenue, which were down 21% from the comparable prior period. These negative impacts were partially offset by organic revenue growth of 4%, driven by new sales growth in our international markets, higher revenue per transaction, as well as the impact of acquisitions, which contributed approximately $3 million in revenue.

Fleet operating income was $186.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of 3.1% from the prior period due to the reasons discussed above and the flow through impact of the disposition of our Russia business, which resulted in lower operating income of approximately $12 million. These unfavorable impacts were partially offset by lower bad debt of approximately $16 million, as we shift to higher credit quality customers in the U.S. The decline in bad debt expense more than offset the drag on revenue from shifting away from micro clients, resulting in a net positive impact on operating income.

Corporate Payments

Corporate Payments revenues were $258.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 31.4%, from the prior period. Corporate Payments revenues increased primarily due to organic revenue growth of 20%, driven by 20% organic growth in spend volume, strong new sales in our AP and cross-border solutions and the impact of acquisitions, which contributed approximately $17 million in revenue.

Corporate Payments operating income was $102.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 46.6% from the prior period. Corporate Payments operating income and margin increased primarily due to revenue growth and operating leverage and integration synergies, as revenues grew faster than expenses, partially offset by higher selling expenses driven by growth of the business.

Lodging

Lodging revenues were $141.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 12.2% from the prior period. Lodging revenues increased primarily due to organic revenue growth of 10% driven by our insurance and airline verticals, as well as the impact of acquisitions, which contributed approximately $3 million in revenue. Lodging revenues grew due to sales success across industry verticals, in addition to higher revenue per room night driven primarily from our distressed passenger product and higher hotel commission revenues. Offsetting this growth was softness in our construction and transportation verticals as the weaker macroeconomic environment is impacting these sectors, resulting in lower room nights.

Lodging operating income was $74.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 16.6% from the prior period. Lodging operating income and margin increased primarily due to revenue growth and our operating leverage, as revenues grew faster than expenses.

Brazil

Brazil revenues were $134.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 23.6% from the prior period. Brazil revenues increased primarily due to organic revenue growth of 16% driven by increases in toll tags sold and expanded product utility, with the differentiated value proposition of our products, as well as the positive impact of foreign exchange rates on revenues of approximately $9 million.

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Brazil operating income was $61.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 36.8% from the prior period. Brazil operating income increased primarily due revenue growth and our operating leverage, as revenues grew faster than expenses and the flow through impact of the favorable impact of macroeconomic environment on operating income of approximately $3 million.

Other

Other revenues were $71.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 7.1% from the prior period, primarily due to organic revenue growth of 6% driven by the timing of gift card sales and increased transactions volume over the prior period.

Other operating income was $21.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 12.5% from the prior period, with the increase primarily due to revenue growth and our operating leverage, as revenues grew faster than expenses.

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022

The following table sets forth selected unaudited consolidated statements of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in millions, except percentages)*.

(Unaudited)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		% of Total Revenues, net		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022		% of Total Revenues, net		Increase (decrease)		% Change
Revenues, net:
Fleet	$	1,120.8	39.7	%	$	1,124.2	44.2	%	$	(3.3)	(0.3)	%
Corporate Payments	733.0		26.0	%	570.4		22.4	%	162.6		28.5	%
Lodging	400.3		14.2	%	337.4		13.3	%	62.8		18.6	%
Brazil	382.0		13.5	%	322.9		12.7	%	59.1		18.3	%
Other	184.3		6.5	%	188.6		7.4	%	(4.2)		(2.2)	%
Total revenues, net	2,820.4		100.0	%	2,543.5		100.0	%	276.9		10.9	%
Consolidated operating expenses:
Processing	618.4		21.9	%	563.1		22.1	%	55.4		9.8	%
Selling	254.0		9.0	%	230.2		9.1	%	23.7		10.3	%
General and administrative	461.9		16.4	%	440.3		17.3	%	21.6		4.9	%
Depreciation and amortization	252.7		9.0	%	232.5		9.1	%	20.2		8.7	%
Other operating, net	0.6		—	%	0.1		—	%	0.6		672	%
Operating income	1,232.8		43.7	%	1,077.4		42.4	%	155.5		14.4	%
Investment (gain) loss	(0.1)		—	%	0.5		—	%	(0.7)		NM
Other (income) expense, net	(15.1)		(0.5)	%	6.2		0.2	%	(21.3)		NM
Interest expense, net	256.6		9.1	%	90.5		3.6	%	166.1		183.5	%
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		1.9		0.1	%	(1.9)		NM
Provision for income taxes	265.5		9.4	%	249.2		9.8	%	16.3		6.5	%
Net income	$	726.0	25.7	%	$	729.0	28.7	%	$	(3.0)	(0.4)	%
Operating income by segment:
Fleet	$	547.6			$	547.2			$	0.4	0.1	%
Corporate Payments	265.1				193.7				71.4		36.8	%
Lodging	196.8				161.8				35.0		21.6	%
Brazil	168.7				123.6				45.1		36.5	%
Other	54.6				51.0				3.6		7.0	%
Total operating income	$	1,232.8			$	1,077.4			$	155.5	14.4	%

NM = Not Meaningful

*The sum of the columns and rows may not calculate due to rounding.

34

Consolidated Results

Consolidated revenues, net

Consolidated revenues were $2,820.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 10.9% compared to the prior period. The increase in consolidated revenues was due primarily to organic growth of 11%, driven by increases in transaction volumes and new sales growth and net revenue growth of 2% from acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023, partially offset by the macroeconomic environment that negatively impacted revenue growth by 2%. Revenues were also negatively impacted compared to the prior period by the disposition of our Russia business in August 2023.

Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a negative impact on our consolidated revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 over the comparable period in 2022, driven primarily by the unfavorable impact of fuel prices of approximately $31 million, unfavorable fuel price spreads of approximately $9 million and unfavorable foreign exchange rates of approximately $4 million, mostly in our U.K. and European businesses.

Consolidated operating expenses

Processing. Processing expenses were $618.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 9.8% compared to the prior period. Increases were primarily due to approximately $29 million of expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023, incremental bad debt of $13 million and higher variable expenses driven by increased transaction volumes. Bad debt expense increased over the prior period as customer spend increased due to new sales and higher fuel prices in previous periods. These new customers tend to have higher collection loss rates. Additionally, we experienced higher losses among micro-SMB (small-medium business) customers during the first half of 2023 who were more severely impacted by negative economic conditions, which we addressed by shifting away from micro clients.

Selling. Selling expenses were $254.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 10.3% from the prior period. Increases in selling expenses were primarily associated with approximately $17 million of expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023 and commissions from higher sales volume.

General and administrative. General and administrative expenses were $461.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 4.9% from the prior period. Increases in general and administrative expenses were primarily due to the impact of acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023 of approximately $24 million and other increases associated with the growth of our business over the comparable prior period. These increases were partially offset by $10 million of lower stock based compensation expense.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $252.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 8.7% from the prior period. Increases in depreciation and amortization expenses were primarily due to incremental capital investments over the past three years, as well as approximately $13 million due to acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023.

Consolidated operating income 

Operating income was $1,232.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 14.4% compared to the prior period. The increase in operating income was primarily due to the reasons discussed above and disciplined expense management, resulting in EBITDA margin expansion of 120 basis points over the prior period. These favorable effects were partially offset by the flow through impact on operating income of unfavorable changes in foreign exchange rates of approximately $5 million.

Other (income) expense, net. Other (income) expense, net was $15.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which primarily represents the net gain of approximately $13.7 million resulting from the disposal of our Russia business during the third quarter of 2023.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense, net was $256.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $166.1 million from the prior period. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to rising interest rates on our borrowings and net cash used in financing activities, partially offset by the benefit of higher cash balances in certain foreign jurisdictions and an increase in interest income from higher interest rates. The following table sets forth the average interest rates paid on borrowings under our Credit Facility, excluding the related unused facility fees and swaps.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(Unaudited)	2023		2022
Term loan A	6.39	%	2.56	%
Term loan B	6.73	%	2.80	%
Revolving line of credit A & B (USD)	6.40	%	2.73	%
Revolving line of credit B (GBP)	5.49	%	2.06	%

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We have a portfolio of interest rate swaps which are designated as cash flow hedges and one cross-currency interest rate swap, which is designated as a net investment hedge. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as a result of these swap contracts and net investment hedges, we recorded a benefit to interest expense, net of $31.0 million.

Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes and effective tax rate were $265.5 million and 26.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $249.2 million and 25.5% for the prior period. Income tax expense is based on an estimated annual effective rate, which requires us to make our best estimate of annual pretax accounting income or loss before consideration of tax or benefit discretely recognized in the period in which such occur. Our provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased primarily due to higher income before income taxes and less excess tax benefit on stock option exercises and an increase of $1.6 million incurred from an uncertain tax position related to previous years. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the determination that certain foreign income was permanently reinvested resulted in a $9.0 million tax benefit that lowered the tax rate by 0.9%.

Net income. For the reasons discussed above, our net income decreased to $726.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of 0.4% from the prior period.

Segment Results

Fleet

Fleet revenues were relatively flat at $1,120.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Fleet revenues were negatively impacted by the macroeconomic environment by approximately $40 million, driven primarily by lower fuel prices of $27 million, unfavorable fuel price spreads of $9 million and unfavorable changes in foreign exchange rates on revenue of $4 million. The decrease in revenue was also due to the disposition of our Russia business in August 2023 of $17 million and softness in our small fleet customers based in the U.S. Our shift away from micro clients in the U.S. affected our sales and overall results, including lower late fees revenue. These negative impacts were offset by organic revenue growth of 4%,driven by new sales growth in our international markets, higher revenue per transaction, as well as the impact of acquisitions, which contributed approximately $5 million in revenue.

Fleet operating income was also relatively flat at $547.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from the prior period due to the reasons discussed above, the flow through impact of the disposition of our Russia business, which resulted in lower operating income of approximately $12 million and incremental bad debt of $3 million.

Corporate Payments

Corporate Payments revenues were $733.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 28.5%, from the prior period. Corporate Payments revenues increased primarily due to organic revenue growth of 20%, driven by 19% organic growth in spend volume, strong new sales in our AP and cross-border solutions, as well as the impact of acquisitions which contributed approximately $45 million in revenue. These increases were partially offset by the negative impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $9 million, primarily driven by unfavorable foreign exchange rates on revenues.

Corporate Payments operating income was $265.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 36.8% from the prior period. Corporate Payments operating income and margin increased primarily due to revenue growth and our operating leverage and integration synergies, as revenues grew faster than expenses. These increases were partially offset by higher selling expenses driven by growth of the business and the flow through impact of the unfavorable macroeconomic environment, which negatively impacted operating income by approximately $4 million.

Lodging

Lodging revenues were $400.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 18.6% from the prior period. Lodging revenues increased primarily due to organic revenue growth of 16% driven in our insurance and airline verticals, as well as the impact of acquisitions, which contributed $8 million in revenue. Lodging revenues grew due to sales success across industry verticals, in addition to higher revenue per room night driven primarily from our distressed passenger product and higher hotel commission revenues. Offsetting this growth was softness in our construction and transportation verticals as the weaker macroeconomic environment is impacting these sectors, resulting in lower room nights.

Lodging operating income was $196.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 21.6% from the prior period. Lodging operating income and margin increased primarily due to revenue growth and our operating leverage, as revenues grew faster than expenses.

Brazil

Brazil revenues were $382.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 18.3% from the prior period. Brazil revenues increased primarily due to organic revenue growth of 16% driven by increases in toll tags sold and expanded product utility, with the differentiated value proposition of our products, as well as the positive impact of foreign exchange rates on revenues of approximately $9 million. These increases were partially offset by the impact of unfavorable fuel prices of approximately $2 million.

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Brazil operating income was $168.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 36.5% from the prior period due to revenue growth and our operating leverage, as revenues grew faster than expenses and due to the flow through impact of the favorable macroeconomic environment on operating income of approximately $2 million.

Other

Other revenues were $184.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of 2.2% from the prior period, driven by the timing of gift card sales.

Other operating income was $54.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 7.0% from the prior period, with the increase primarily due to our operating leverage and disciplined expense management.

Liquidity and capital resources

Our principal liquidity requirements are to service and repay our indebtedness, make acquisitions of businesses and commercial account portfolios, repurchase shares of our common stock and meet working capital, tax and capital expenditure needs.

Sources of liquidity. We believe that our current level of cash and borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility and Securitization Facility (each defined below), together with expected future cash flows from operations, will be sufficient to meet the needs of our existing operations and planned requirements for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future, based on our current assumptions. At September 30, 2023, we had approximately $1.8 billion in total liquidity, consisting of approximately $0.7 billion available under our Credit Facility and unrestricted cash of $1.1 billion, of which approximately $0.6 billion is required for working capital purposes. Restricted cash primarily represents customer deposits repayable on demand held in certain geographies with legal restrictions, collateral received from customers for cross-currency transactions in our cross-border payments business, which are restricted from use other than to repay customer deposits and secure and settle cross-currency transactions, and collateral posted with banks for hedging positions in our cross-border payments business.

We also utilize the Securitization Facility to finance a portion of our domestic receivables, to lower our cost of borrowing and more efficiently use capital. Accounts receivable collateralized within our Securitization Facility relate to trade receivables resulting primarily from charge card activity and receivables related to our Lodging business in the U.S. We also consider the available and undrawn amounts under our Securitization Facility and Credit Facility as funds available for working capital purposes and acquisitions. At September 30, 2023, we had no additional liquidity under our Securitization Facility.

We have determined that outside basis differences associated with our investments in foreign subsidiaries would not result in a material deferred tax liability, and, consistent with our assertion that these amounts continue to be indefinitely invested, have not recorded incremental income taxes for the additional outside basis differences.

Cash flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in millions).

 

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	903.9	$	438.6
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(345.6)	$	(267.7)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(501.5)	$	(40.1)

Operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $903.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $438.6 million in the comparable prior period. The increase in operating cash flows was primarily due to favorable movements in working capital in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 over the comparable period in 2022.

Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $345.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $267.7 million in the comparable prior period. The increased use of cash was primarily due to incremental spending on acquisitions completed in 2023 over the comparable period in 2022, partially offset by net proceeds of $197.0 million received for the disposition of our Russian business. Our capital expenditures were $117.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $9.5 million, or 8.9%, from $107.6 million in the comparable prior period due to the impact of acquisitions and continued investments in technology.

Financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $501.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $40.1 million in the comparable prior period. The increase in net cash used by financing activities was primarily due to an increase in net repayments on our credit facility and securitization facility of $1,289 million, offset by a decrease in repurchases of common stock of $749 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 over the comparable period in 2022.

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Credit Facility

FLEETCOR Technologies Operating Company, LLC, and certain of our domestic and foreign owned subsidiaries, as designated co-borrowers (the "Borrowers"), are parties to a $6.4 billion Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and letter of credit issuer, and a syndicate of financial institutions (the "Lenders"), which has been amended multiple times. The Credit Agreement provides for senior secured credit facilities (collectively, the "Credit Facility") consisting of a revolving credit facility in the amount of $1.5 billion, a term loan A facility in the amount of $3.0 billion and a term loan B facility in the amount of $1.9 billion. The revolving credit facility consists of (a) a revolving A credit facility in the amount of $1 billion, with sublimits for letters of credit and swing line loans and (b) a revolving B facility in the amount of $500 million with borrowings in U.S. dollars, euros, British pounds, Japanese yen or other currency as agreed in advance, and a sublimit for swing line loans. The Credit Agreement also includes an accordion feature for borrowing an additional $750 million in term loan A, term loan B, revolving A or revolving B facility debt and an unlimited amount when the leverage ratio on a pro-forma basis is less than 3.75 to 1.00. Proceeds from the credit facilities may be used for working capital purposes, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes. The maturity date for the term loan A and revolving credit facilities A and B is June 24, 2027. The term loan B has a maturity date of April 30, 2028. On May 3, 2023, we entered into the thirteenth amendment to the Credit Facility. The amendment replaced LIBOR on the term B loan with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%.

At September 30, 2023, the interest rate on the term loan A was 6.79%, the interest rate on the term loan B was 7.17%, the interest rate on the revolving A and B facilities (USD borrowings) was 6.79%, and the interest rate on the revolving B facility (GBP borrowings) was 6.59%. The unused credit facility fee was 0.25% at September 30, 2023.

At September 30, 2023, we had $2.9 billion in borrowings outstanding on the term loan A, net of discounts, and $1.8 billion in borrowings outstanding on the term loan B, net of discounts and debt issuance costs. We have unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.9 million related to the revolving facilities as of September 30, 2023 recorded within other assets in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs of $20.3 million related to our term loans at September 30, 2023 recorded in notes payable and other obligations, net of current potion within the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we made principal payments of $70.5 million on the term loans and net repayments of $94.3 million on the revolving facilities.

As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with each of the covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Securitization Facility

We are party to a $1.7 billion receivables purchase agreement among FLEETCOR Funding LLC, as seller, PNC Bank, National Association as administrator, and various purchaser agents, conduit purchasers and related committed purchasers parties thereto (the "Securitization Facility"). The Securitization Facility matures on August 18, 2025. At September 30, 2023, the interest rate on the Securitization Facility was 6.38%.

The Securitization Facility provides for certain termination events, which includes nonpayment, upon the occurrence of which the administrator may declare the facility termination date to have occurred, may exercise certain enforcement rights with respect to the receivables, and may appoint a successor servicer, among other things.

We were in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenant requirements related to our Securitization Facility as of September 30, 2023.

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Cross-Border Facilities

We carefully monitor and manage initial and variation margin requirements for our cross-border solutions, which can result in transitory periods of elevated liquidity needs in cases where the currency market experiences disruption. In order to help mitigate that liquidity risk, we have recently entered into facilities intended to provide additional means to manage working capital needs for our cross-border solutions.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we entered into an $80.0 million unsecured overdraft facility which may be accessible via written request and corresponding authorization from the lender. There is no guarantee the uncommitted capacity will be available to us on a future date. Interest on drawn balances accrues at a fixed rate equal to the lender's reference rate (as defined in the agreement) plus 1%. As of September 30, 2023, we had no borrowings outstanding under the uncommitted credit facility.

During October 2023, we entered into a 364-day committed revolving credit facility with a total commitment of $40.0 million. This committed facility matures on October 10, 2024. Borrowings under the new facility will bear interest at the borrower’s option at a rate equal to (a) Term SOFR (as defined in the agreement) plus 1.25% or (b) the Base Rate (determined by reference to the greatest of (i) the Federal Funds Effective Rate, at that time, plus 0.50%, (ii) the Prime Rate, at that time, and (iii) Term SOFR (as defined in the agreement) at such time plus 1.00%).

Cash Flow Hedges

On January 22, 2019, we entered into three LIBOR-based swap contracts. One contract (which matured in January 2022) had a notional value of $1.0 billion, one contract (which matured in January 2023) had a notional value of $500 million and the remaining contract, which will mature on December 19, 2023, has a notional value of $500 million. The objective of these swap contracts was to reduce the variability of cash flows in the previously unhedged interest payments associated with $2.0 billion of variable rate debt, the sole source of which is due to changes in the LIBOR benchmark interest rate. These swap contracts qualify as hedging instruments and have been designated as cash flow hedges. On May 4, 2023, we amended the remaining LIBOR-based swap. The amendment replaced LIBOR on the swap with one-month term SOFR resulting in a pay-fixed monthly rate of 2.50%, without further changes to the terms of the swap.

During January 2023, we entered into five receive-variable SOFR, pay-fixed interest rate swap derivative contracts with a cumulative notional U.S. dollar value of $1.5 billion as shown disaggregated in the table below.

In August 2023, we entered into eight additional receive-variable SOFR, pay-fixed interest rate swap derivative contracts with a cumulative notional U.S. dollar value of $2.0 billion, as shown disaggregated in the table below.

As of September 30, 2023, we had the following outstanding interest rate swap derivatives that qualify as hedging instruments within designated cash flow hedges of variable interest rate risk (in millions):

Notional Amount	Fixed Rates	Maturity Date
$500	2.50%	12/19/2023
$250	4.01%	7/31/2025
$250	4.02%	7/31/2025
$500	3.80%	1/31/2026
$250	3.71%	7/31/2026
$250	3.72%	7/31/2026
$100	4.35%	7/31/2026
$250	4.40%	7/31/2026
$250	4.40%	7/31/2026
$400	4.33%	7/31/2026
$250	4.29%	1/31/2027
$250	4.29%	1/31/2027
$250	4.19%	7/31/2027
$250	4.19%	7/31/2027

The purpose of these contracts is to reduce the variability of cash flows in interest payments associated with $4.0 billion of unspecified variable rate debt, the sole source of which is due to changes in the SOFR benchmark interest rate. For each of these swap contracts, we pay a fixed monthly rate and receive one month SOFR.

Our cash flow hedges resulted in a $24.6 million reduction in interest expense, net during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Net Investment Hedge

In February 2023, we entered into a cross-currency interest rate swap that we designated as a net investment hedge of our investments in euro-denominated operations. This contract effectively converts $500 million of U.S. dollar equivalent to an obligation denominated in euro, and partially offsets the impact of changes in currency rates on our euro-denominated net investments. This contract also creates a positive interest differential on the U.S. dollar-denominated portion of the swap, resulting in a 1.96% interest rate savings on the USD notional.

Hedge effectiveness is tested based on changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swap due to changes in the USD/euro spot rate. We anticipate perfect effectiveness of the designated hedging relationship and record changes in the fair value of the cross-currency interest rate swap associated with changes in the spot rate through accumulated other comprehensive loss. Excluded components associated with the forward differential are recognized directly in earnings as interest expense, net. We recognized a benefit of $6.4 million in interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to these excluded components. The cross-currency interest rate swap designated as a net investment hedge is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets at a fair value of $6.9 million as of September 30, 2023.

Stock Repurchase Program

On February 4, 2016, we announced that our Board approved a stock repurchase program (as updated from time to time, the "Program") authorizing us to repurchase our common stock from time to time until February 1, 2024. On October 25, 2022, we announced the Board increased the aggregate size of the Program by $1.0 billion to $7.1 billion. Since the beginning of the Program through September 30, 2023, 28,314,820 shares have been repurchased for an aggregate purchase price of $6.4 billion, leaving us up to $0.7 billion of remaining authorization available under the Program for future repurchases in shares of our common stock.

On August 18, 2023, as part of the Program, we entered an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR') agreement ("2023 ASR Agreement") with a third-party financial institution to repurchase $450 million of its common stock. Pursuant to the 2023 ASR Agreement, we delivered $450 million in cash and received 1,372,841 shares based on a stock price of $262.23 on August 18, 2023. The 2023 ASR Agreement was completed on September 26, 2023, at which time we received 293,588 additional shares based on a final weighted average per share purchase price during the repurchase period of $270.04.

Any stock repurchases may be made at times and in such amounts as deemed appropriate. The timing and amount of stock repurchases, if any, will depend on a variety of factors including the stock price, market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, and any additional constraints related to material inside information we may possess. Any repurchases have been and are expected to be funded by a combination of available cash flow from the business, working capital and debt.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

In applying the accounting policies that we use to prepare our consolidated financial statements, we necessarily make accounting estimates that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Some of these estimates require us to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time we make the accounting estimates. We base these assumptions and the resulting estimates on historical information and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis. In many instances, however, we reasonably could have used different accounting estimates and, in other instances, changes in our accounting estimates could occur from period to period, with the result in each case being a material change in the financial statement presentation of our financial condition or results of operations. We refer to estimates of this type as critical accounting estimates.

Accounting estimates necessarily require subjective determinations about future events and conditions. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we have not adopted any new critical accounting policies that had a significant impact upon our consolidated financial statements, have not changed any critical accounting policies and have not changed the application of any critical accounting policies from the year ended December 31, 2022. For critical accounting policies, refer to the Critical Accounting Estimates in Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and our summary of significant accounting policies in Note 1 of our Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

40

Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We have included in the discussion above certain financial measures that were not prepared in accordance with GAAP. Any analysis of non-GAAP financial measures should be used only in conjunction with results presented in accordance with GAAP. Below, we define the non-GAAP financial measures, provide a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, and discuss the reasons that we believe this information is useful to management and may be useful to investors. Because our non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized measures, they may not be directly comparable with the non-GAAP financial measures of other companies using the same or similar non-GAAP financial measures. Although management uses these non-GAAP measures to set goals and measure performance, they have no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. These non-GAAP measures are presented solely to permit investors to more fully understand how our management assesses underlying performance. These non-GAAP measures are not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP measures, and should be viewed in conjunction with our GAAP financial statements and financial measures. As a result, such non-GAAP measures have limits in their usefulness to investors.

Organic Revenues, net by KPI. Organic revenue growth is calculated as revenue in the current period adjusted for the impact of changes in the macroeconomic environment (to include fuel price, fuel price spreads and changes in foreign exchange rates) over revenue in the comparable prior period adjusted to include or remove the impact of acquisitions and/or divestitures and non-recurring items that have occurred subsequent to that period. We define the pro forma and macro adjusted revenue as revenue, net as reflected in our statement of income, adjusted to eliminate the impact of the macroeconomic environment and the impact of acquisitions and dispositions. The macroeconomic environment impact includes the impact that market fuel price spreads, fuel prices and foreign exchange rates have on our business. We use pro forma and macro adjusted revenue and transactions to evaluate the organic growth in our revenue and the associated transactions. We believe that organic revenue growth is useful to investors for understanding the performance of FLEETCOR.

41

Set forth below is a reconciliation of pro forma and macro adjusted revenue and key performance metric by segment, used to calculate organic revenue growth, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, revenue, net and key performance metric (in millions):*

	Revenues, net				Key Performance Metric
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023		2022		2023		2022
FLEET - TRANSACTIONS
Pro forma and macro adjusted	$	396.7	$	381.1	122.0		124.1
Impact of acquisitions/dispositions	—		14.1		—		(0.7)
Impact of fuel prices/spread	(34.4)		—		—		—
Impact of foreign exchange rates	3.2		—		—		—
As reported	$	365.5	$	395.2	122.0		123.4
CORPORATE PAYMENTS - SPEND
Pro forma and macro adjusted	$	256.8	$	213.7	$	39,446	$	32,828
Impact of acquisitions/dispositions	—		(16.8)		—		(2,219)
Impact of fuel prices/spread	(0.2)		—		—		—
Impact of foreign exchange rates	2.2		—		—		—
As reported	$	258.8	$	196.9	$	39,446	$	30,609
BRAZIL - TAGS
Pro forma and macro adjusted	$	126.0	$	108.6	6.7		6.2
Impact of acquisitions/dispositions	—		—		—		—
Impact of fuel prices/spread	(1.0)		—		—		—
Impact of foreign exchange rates	9.1		—		—		—
As reported	$	134.2	$	108.6	6.7		6.2
LODGING - ROOM NIGHTS
Pro forma and macro adjusted	$	141.0	$	128.6	9.2		10.0
Impact of acquisitions/dispositions	—		(2.6)		—		(0.2)
Impact of fuel prices/spread	—		—		—		—
Impact of foreign exchange rates	0.4		—		—		—
As reported	$	141.4	$	126.0	9.2		9.9
OTHER1- TRANSACTIONS
Pro forma and macro adjusted	$	70.5	$	66.3	296.6		249.4
Impact of acquisitions/dispositions	—		—		—		—
Impact of fuel prices/spread	—		—		—		—
Impact of foreign exchange rates	0.5		—		—		—
As reported	$	71.0	$	66.3	296.6		249.4
FLEETCOR CONSOLIDATED REVENUES, NET
Pro forma and macro adjusted	$	991.1	$	898.3	Intentionally Left Blank
Impact of acquisitions/dispositions	—		(5.3)
Impact of fuel prices/spread2	(35.6)		—
Impact of foreign exchange rates2	15.4		—
As reported	$	970.9	$	893.0
* Columns may not calculate due to rounding.
1 Other includes Gift and Payroll Card operating segments.
2 Revenues reflect an estimated $23 million and $12 million negative impact from fuel price spreads and fuel prices, respectively, partially offset by the positive impact of movements in foreign exchange rates of approximately $15 million.

Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share. We have defined the non-GAAP measure adjusted net income as net income as reflected in our statement of income, adjusted to eliminate (a) non-cash stock based compensation expense related to share based compensation awards, (b) amortization of deferred financing costs, discounts, intangible assets, and amortization of the premium recognized on the purchase of receivables, (c) integration and deal related costs, and (d) other non-recurring items, including the impact of discrete tax items, the impact of business dispositions, impairment charges, asset write-offs, restructuring and related costs, loss on extinguishment of debt, and legal settlements and regulatory-related legal fees. We adjust net income for the tax effect of adjustments using our effective income tax rate, exclusive of discrete tax items. We calculate adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share to eliminate the effect of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance.

We have defined the non-GAAP measure adjusted net income per diluted share as the calculation previously noted divided by the weighted average diluted shares outstanding as reflected in our statement of income.

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Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share are supplemental measures of operating performance that do not represent and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, net income per diluted share or cash flow from operations, as determined by GAAP. We believe it is useful to exclude non-cash share based compensation expense from adjusted net income because non-cash equity grants made at a certain price and point in time do not necessarily reflect how our business is performing at any particular time and share based compensation expense is not a key measure of our core operating performance. We also believe that amortization expense can vary substantially from company to company and from period to period depending upon their financing and accounting methods, the fair value and average expected life of their acquired intangible assets, their capital structures and the method by which their assets were acquired; therefore, we have excluded amortization expense from our adjusted net income. Integration and deal related costs represent business acquisition transaction costs, professional services fees, short-term retention bonuses and system migration costs, etc., that are not indicative of the performance of the underlying business. We also believe that certain expenses, discrete tax items, gains on business disposition, impairment charges, asset write-offs, restructuring and related costs, losses on extinguishment of debt, and legal settlements and regulatory-related legal fees do not necessarily reflect how our business is performing. We adjust net income for the tax effect of each of these adjustments using our effective income tax rate during the period, exclusive of discrete tax items.

Management uses adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share, organic revenue growth and EBITDA:

•as measurements of operating performance because they assist us in comparing our operating performance on a consistent basis;

•for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budget;

•to allocate resources to enhance the financial performance of our business; and

•to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our operational strategies.

Set forth below is a reconciliation of adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income and net income per diluted share (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)*:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	271,496	$	248,885	$	726,033	$	729,008
Net income per diluted share	$	3.64	$	3.29	$	9.72	$	9.38
Stock-based compensation	29,073		34,180		89,917		100,828
Amortization1	58,304		55,748		176,047		171,372
Integration and deal related costs	9,269		4,861		24,734		14,071
Legal settlements/litigation	1,473		2,783		1,957		4,685
Restructuring, related and other2 costs	2,314		507		3,017		1,270
Gain on disposition of business	(13,712)		—		(13,712)		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		—		1,934
Total pre-tax adjustments	86,721		98,079		281,960		294,160
Income taxes	(23,104)		(26,262)		(75,540)		(86,667)
Adjusted net income	$	335,113	$	320,702	$	932,453	$	936,501
Adjusted net income per diluted share	$	4.49	$	4.24	$	12.48	$	12.06
Diluted shares	74,604		75,558		74,733		77,687

1 Includes amortization related to intangible assets, premium on receivables, deferred financing costs and debt discounts.

 2 Includes impact of foreign currency transactions; prior amounts were not material for recast ($1.9 million) and ($4.1 million) for the quarter and year to date, respectively.

*Columns may not calculate due to rounding.

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EBITDA and EBITDA margin. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, income taxes, interest expense, net, other expense (income), depreciation and amortization, loss on extinguishment of debt, investment loss/gain and other operating, net.

The following table reconciles EBITDA and EBITDA margin to net income (in millions)*:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income	$	271.5		$	248.9		$	726.0		$	729.0
Provision for income taxes	98.6			91.0			265.5			249.2
Interest expense, net	88.3			45.4			256.6			90.5
Other (income) expense	(13.4)			3.7			(15.1)			6.2
Investment loss (gain)	—			0.2			(0.1)			0.5
Depreciation and amortization	84.8			77.2			252.7			232.5
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			—			—			1.9
Other operating, net	(0.8)			—			0.6			0.1
EBITDA	$	528.9		$	466.4		$	1,486.1		$	1,309.9
Revenues, net	$	970.9		$	893.0		$	2,820.4		$	2,543.5
EBITDA margin	54.5		%	52.2		%	52.7		%	51.5		%
* Columns may not calculate due to rounding.

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Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about FLEETCOR’s beliefs, expectations and future performance, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "anticipate," "intend," "believe," "estimate," "plan," "seek," "project" or "expect," "may," "will," "would," "could" or "should," the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.

These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of performance, and you should not place undue reliance on such statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events. Forward-looking statements are subject to many uncertainties and other variable circumstances, including those discussed in "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2023, many of which are outside of our control, that could cause our actual results and experience to differ materially from any forward-looking statement.

Forward-looking statements may not be realized due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation:

•our ability to successfully execute our strategic plan and portfolio review, manage our growth and achieve our performance targets;

•regulatory measures, voluntary actions, or changes in consumer preferences, that impact our transaction volume;

•adverse changes in program fees or charges we may collect, whether through legal, regulatory or contractual changes;

•the impact of macroeconomic conditions and the current inflationary environment and whether expected trends, including retail fuel prices, fuel price spreads, fuel transaction patterns, electric vehicle, and retail lodging price trends develop as anticipated and we are able to develop successful strategies in light of these trends;

•the international operational and political risks and compliance and regulatory risks and costs associated with international operations, including the impact of the global military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East, on our business and operations;

•our ability to attract new and retain existing partners, fuel merchants, and lodging providers, their promotion and support of our products, and their financial performance;

•the failure of management assumptions and estimates, as well as differences in, and changes to, economic, market, interest rate, interchange fees, foreign exchange rates, and credit conditions, including changes in borrowers’ credit risks and payment behaviors;

•the risk of higher borrowing costs and adverse financial market conditions impacting our funding and liquidity, and any reduction in our credit ratings;

•our ability to successfully manage our credit risks and the sufficiency of our allowance for expected credit losses;

•our ability to securitize our trade receivables;

•the occurrence of fraudulent activity, data breaches or failures of our information security controls or cybersecurity-related incidents that may compromise our systems or customers’ information;

•any disruptions in the operations of our computer systems and data centers;

•our ability to develop and implement new technology, products, and services;

•any alleged infringement of intellectual property rights of others and our ability to protect our intellectual property;

•the regulation, supervision, and examination of our business by foreign and domestic governmental authorities, as well as litigation and regulatory actions, including the lawsuit filed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC);

•the impact of regulations relating to privacy, information security and data protection; use of third-party vendors and ongoing third-party business relationships; and failure to comply with anti-money laundering (AML) and anti-terrorism financing laws;

•changes in our senior management team and our ability to attract, motivate and retain qualified personnel consistent with our strategic plan;

•tax legislation initiatives or challenges to our tax positions and/or interpretations, and state sales tax rules and regulations;

•the risks of mergers, acquisitions and divestitures, including, without limitation, the related time and costs of implementing such transactions, integrating operations as part of these transactions and possible failures to achieve expected gains, revenue growth and/or expense savings from such transactions; and

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•the other factors and information in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings that we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Exchange Act and Securities Act. See "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2023.

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date hereof. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to update any such statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of such statements to reflect future events or developments.

You may get FLEETCOR’s SEC filings for free by visiting the SEC web site at www.sec.gov.

This report includes non-GAAP financial measures, which are used by FLEETCOR and investors as supplemental measures to evaluate the overall operating performance of companies in our industry. By providing these non-GAAP financial measures, together with reconciliations, we believe we are enhancing investors' understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing strategic initiatives. See "Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding these GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation to the nearest corresponding GAAP measure.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As of September 30, 2023, there have been no material changes to our market risk from that disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of September 30, 2023, management carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms and are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in those reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various pending or threatened legal actions, arbitration proceedings, claims, subpoenas, and matters relating to compliance with laws and regulations (collectively, "legal proceedings"). Based on our current knowledge, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition for any particular period.

Derivative Lawsuits

On July 10, 2017, a shareholder derivative complaint was filed against the Company and certain of the Company’s directors and officers in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ("Federal Derivative Action") seeking recovery from the Company. The District Court dismissed the Federal Derivative Action on October 21, 2020, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the dismissal on July 27, 2022, ending the lawsuit. A similar derivative lawsuit that had been filed on January 9, 2019 in the Superior Court of Gwinnett County, Georgia (“State Derivative Action”) was likewise dismissed on October 31, 2022.

On January 20, 2023, the previous State Derivative Action plaintiffs filed a new derivative lawsuit in the Superior Court of Gwinnett County, Georgia. The new lawsuit, City of Aventura Police Officers’ Retirement Fund, derivatively on behalf of FleetCor Technologies, Inc. v. Ronald F. Clarke and Eric R. Dey, alleges that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing or permitting the Company to engage in unfair or deceptive marketing and billing practices, making false and misleading public statements concerning the Company’s fee charges and financial and business prospects, and making improper sales of stock. The complaint seeks approximately $118 million in monetary damages on behalf of the Company, including contribution by defendants as joint tortfeasors with the Company in unfair and deceptive practices, and disgorgement of incentive pay and stock compensation. On January 24, 2023, the previous Federal Derivative Action plaintiffs filed a similar new derivative lawsuit, Jerrell Whitten, derivatively on behalf of FleetCor Technologies, Inc. v. Ronald F. Clarke and Eric R. Dey, against Mr. Clarke and Mr. Dey in Gwinnett County, Georgia. The defendants dispute the allegations in the derivative complaints and intend to vigorously defend against the claims.

FTC Investigation

In October 2017, the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") issued a Notice of Civil Investigative Demand to the Company for the production of documentation and a request for responses to written interrogatories. After discussions with the Company, the FTC proposed in October 2019 to resolve potential claims relating to the Company’s advertising and marketing practices, principally in its U.S. direct fuel card business within its North American Fuel Card business. The parties reached impasse primarily related to what the Company believes are unreasonable demands for redress made by the FTC. On December 20, 2019, the FTC filed a lawsuit in the Northern District of Georgia against the Company and Ron Clarke. See FTC v. FLEETCOR and Ronald F. Clarke, No. 19-cv-05727 (N.D. Ga.). The complaint alleges the Company and Clarke violated the FTC Act’s prohibitions on unfair and deceptive acts and practices. The complaint seeks among other things injunctive relief, consumer redress, and costs of suit. The Company continues to believe that the FTC’s claims are without merit and these matters are not and will not be material to the Company’s financial performance. On April 17, 2021, the FTC filed a motion for summary judgment. On April 22, 2021, the United States Supreme Court held unanimously in AMG Capital Management v. FTC that the FTC does not have authority under current law to seek monetary redress by means of Section 13(b) of the FTC Act, which is the means by which the FTC has sought such redress in this case. FLEETCOR cross-moved for summary judgment regarding the FTC’s ability to seek monetary or injunctive relief on May 17, 2021. On August 13, 2021, the FTC filed a motion to stay or to voluntarily dismiss without prejudice the case pending in the Northern District of Georgia in favor of a parallel administrative action under Section 5 of the FTC Act that it filed on August 11, 2021 in the FTC’s administrative process. Apart from the jurisdiction and statutory change, the FTC’s administrative complaint makes the same factual allegations as the FTC’s original complaint filed in December 2019. The Company opposed the FTC’s motion for a stay or to voluntarily dismiss, and the court denied the FTC’s motion on February 7, 2022. In the meantime, the FTC’s administrative action is stayed. On August 9, 2022, the District Court for the Northern District of Georgia granted the FTC's motion for summary judgment as to liability for the Company and Ron Clarke, but granted the Company's motion for summary judgment as to the FTC's claim for monetary relief as to both the Company and Ron Clarke. The Company intends to appeal this decision after final judgment is issued. On October 20-21, 2022, the court held a hearing on the scope of injunctive relief. At the conclusion of the hearing, the Court did not enter either the FTC’s proposed order or the Company’s proposed order, and instead suggested that the parties enter mediation. Following mediation, both parties have filed proposed orders with the Court.

On June 8, 2023, the Court issued an Order for Permanent Injunction and Other Relief. The Company filed its notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit on August 3, 2023. On August 17, 2023, the FTC Commission ordered that the stay of the parallel Section 5 administration action will remain in place during the pendency of the Eleventh Circuit appeal. The Company has incurred and continues to incur legal and other fees related to this FTC complaint. Any

47

settlement of this matter, or defense against the lawsuit, could involve costs to the Company, including legal fees, redress, penalties, and remediation expenses.

Estimating an amount or range of possible losses resulting from litigation proceedings is inherently difficult and requires an extensive degree of judgment, particularly where, as here, the matters involve indeterminate claims for monetary damages and are in the stages of the proceedings where key factual and legal issues have not been resolved. For these reasons, the Company is currently unable to predict the ultimate timing or outcome of, or reasonably estimate the possible losses or a range of possible losses resulting from, the matters described above.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The information presented below supplements the risk factors set forth in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, from time to time, all of which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed under the caption "Item 1A. Risk factors" to our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Securities

The Company announced on February 4, 2016 that its Board approved a stock repurchase program (as updated from time to time, the "Program") authorizing the Company to repurchase its common stock from time to time until February 1, 2024. On October 25, 2022, the Company announced the Board increased the aggregate size of the Program by $1.0 billion to $7.1 billion. Since the beginning of the Program through September 30, 2023, 28,314,820 shares have been repurchased for an aggregate purchase price of $6.4 billion, leaving the Company up to $0.7 billion of remaining authorization available under the Program for future repurchases in shares of its common stock.

On August 18, 2023, as part of the Program, the Company entered an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR') agreement ("2023 ASR Agreement") with a third-party financial institution to repurchase $450 million of its common stock. Pursuant to the 2023 ASR Agreement, the Company delivered $450 million in cash and received 1,372,841 shares based on a stock price of $262.23 on August 18, 2023. The 2023 ASR Agreement was completed on September 26, 2023, at which time the Company received 293,588 additional shares based on a final weighted average per share purchase price during the repurchase period of $270.04.

The following table presents information as of September 30, 2023, with respect to purchases of common stock of the Company made during the three months ended September 30, 2023 by the Company as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act.

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased1	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Plan	Maximum Value that May Yet be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Plan (in thousands)
July 1, 2023 through July 31, 2023	2,205	$	252.53	—
August 1, 2023 through August 31, 2023	1,676,985	$	268.90	1,675,905
September 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023	296,726	$	270.06	293,588	$	702,117

1 During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, pursuant to our Stock Incentive Plan, we withheld 6,423 shares, at an average price per share of $258.10, in order to satisfy employees' tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of awards of restricted stock.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

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During the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, no director or executive officer of the Company adopted, modified or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.
3.1	FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws, adopted June 9, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 001-35004, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2022)
10.1	Cooperation Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2023, by and among FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc., D.E. Shaw Oculus Portfolios, L.L.C. and D.E. Shaw Valence Portfolios, L.L.C. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 001-35004, filed with the SEC on March 20, 2023)
10.2	Offer letter, dated February 24, 2023, between FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc. and Tom Panther (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 001-35004, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2023)
10.3	Thirteenth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of May 3, 2023 among FLEETCOR Technologies Operating Company, LLC, as the Company, FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc., as the Parent, Cambridge Mercantile Corp. (USA) as the additional borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, a domestic swing line lender, the foreign swing line lender and the L/C issuer, and the other lenders party hereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 001-35004, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2023)
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101*	The following financial information for the Registrant formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*Filed Herein

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned; thereunto duly authorized, in their capacities indicated on November 9, 2023.

 

	FLEETCOR Technologies, Inc.
	(Registrant)
Signature	Title
/s/ Ronald F. Clarke	President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Executive Officer)
Ronald F. Clarke
/s/ Tom Panther	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Tom Panther

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