Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration Statement No. 333-238172
Prospectus Supplement
(To Prospectus dated June 12, 2020)
11,000 Shares of Series P Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
11,000,000 Shares of Common Stock issuable upon Conversion of Series P Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
We are offering 11,000 shares of our Series P Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, or Series P Preferred Stock (and the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon conversion of the Series P Preferred Stock), pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and securities purchase agreement, at a price of $952.38 per share.
As of February 24, 2022, no shares of our Series P Preferred Stock were issued or outstanding. Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI.” On February 24 2022, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was $0.42 per share.
Concurrently with this offering of Series P Preferred Stock, and pursuant to a separate prospectus supplement, we are offering 11,000 shares of our Series O Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, or Series O Preferred Stock (and the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon conversion of the Series O Preferred Stock), which we refer to herein as the Concurrent Offering, and together with this offering, the “Offerings”.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Per Share | Total | |||||||
Offering price | $ | 952.38 | $ | 10,476,180 | ||||
Placement Agent’s fees(1) | $ | 76.19 | $ | 838,094 | ||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us(2) | $ | 876.19 | $ | 9,638,086 |
(1) | We have agreed to reimburse H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Placement Agent”) for certain of its offering-related expenses. In addition, we have agreed to issue to the Placement Agent warrants (the “Placement Agent’s Warrants”) to purchase up to a number of shares of our common stock equal to 8.0% of the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series P Preferred Stock being offered at an exercise price equal to 125% of the offering price of the shares common stock on an as-converted basis. See “Plan of Distribution” for additional information and a description of the compensation payable to the Placement Agent. |
(2) | We estimate the total expenses of this offering payable by us, excluding the Placement Agent’s fees, will be approximately $200,000. |
We have engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC as our exclusive placement agent to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the shares of Series P Preferred Stock in this offering. The Placement Agent has no obligation to buy any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the securities.
We anticipate that delivery of the shares of Series P Preferred Stock will be made on or about March 1, 2022, subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions.
H.C. Wainwright & Co.
The date of this prospectus supplement is February 24, 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Prospectus Supplement
Prospectus
You should rely only on the information we or the Placement Agent have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Neither we nor the Placement Agent has authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.
This prospectus supplement and any later prospectus supplement is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so.
You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus supplement and in any other prospectus supplement is accurate only as of their respective dates and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement or any other prospective supplement for any sale of securities.
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus relate to the sale of shares of our common stock registered for sale under our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-238172) (the “Registration Statement”), which the Securities Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or the “SEC”) declared effective on June 18, 2020. This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of this offering and also adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. The second part, the accompanying prospectus, provides more general information. Generally, when we refer to this prospectus, we are referring to both parts of this document combined. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the information contained in the accompanying prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein filed prior to the date of this prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement; provided that if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date — for example, a document incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus — the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.
We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.
Neither we nor the Placement Agent have authorized anyone to provide information different from that contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in this offering. When you make a decision about whether to invest in our common stock, you should not rely upon any information other than the information in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, including any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in this offering. Neither the delivery of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, including any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in this offering, nor the sale of our common stock means that information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in this offering, is correct after their respective dates. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you in the sections entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” in this prospectus supplement.
We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our preferred stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the offering of the preferred stock in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the preferred stock and the distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus outside the United States. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not constitute, and may not be used in connection with, an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus by any person in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offer or solicitation.
Unless otherwise stated, all references to “us,” “our,” “AIKI,” “we,” the “Company” and similar designations refer to AIkido Pharma Inc. Our logo, trademarks and service marks are the property of AIkido Pharma Inc. Other trademarks or service marks appearing in this prospectus supplement are the property of their respective holders.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein may contain forward looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, including statements regarding future events, our future financial performance, business strategy, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should,” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we do not make forward looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks outlined under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, which may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a highly regulated, very competitive, and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we address the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Risks that could affect our business also include the duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on the demand for our technology; actions by governments, businesses and individuals taken in response to the pandemic; the length of time of the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibility of its reoccurrence; the timing required to develop effective treatments and a vaccine in the event of future outbreaks; the eventual impact of the pandemic and actions taken in response to the pandemic on global and regional economies; and the pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides.
We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short term and long term business operations, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed (i) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, (ii) in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and in particular, the risks discussed below and under the heading “Risk Factors” and (iii) those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and notes incorporated by reference herein. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statement.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, each of which applies only as of the date of this prospectus supplement. You are advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our reports on Forms 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K filed with the SEC.
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This summary highlights certain information about us, this offering and selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding whether to invest in our shares of preferred stock. For a more complete understanding of our company and this offering, we encourage you to read and consider carefully the more detailed information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, including the information contained under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement, and the information included in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering.
Throughout this prospectus supplement, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our company” refer to AIkido Pharma Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context requires otherwise.
Company Overview
AIkido Pharma Inc. was initially formed in 1967. Since 2017, the Company has operated as a biotechnology company with a diverse portfolio of small-molecule anticancer and antiviral therapeutics in development. The Company’s pipeline consists of patented technology from leading universities and researchers. Our innovative therapeutic drug pipeline is being advanced through strong collaborations with world renowned educational institutions, including the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Maryland, Baltimore and Wake Forest University. Our oncology therapeutics include treatments for pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Company is also developing a broad-spectrum antiviral platform, in which the lead compounds have activity against multiple viruses including Influenza virus, Ebolavirus and Marburg virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19.
As a result of the Company’s biotechnology research and development and associated investments and acquisitions, our business portfolio now focuses on the treatment of three different cancers and multiple types of viral infections. Our pancreatic drug candidate, DHA-dFdC, developed at and licensed from the University of Texas at Austin, is a new compound that we hope will become the next generation of chemotherapy treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. DHA-dFdC overcomes tumor cell resistance to current chemotherapeutic drugs and is well tolerated in preclinical toxicity tests. Preclinical studies have also indicated that DHA-dFdC inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth (up to 100,000-fold more potent that gemcitabine, a current standard therapy), accumulates preferentially in pancreatic tissue, and has demonstrated activities against other cancers, including leukemia, lung and melanoma. Our AML and ALL compound, developed at the Wake Forest University, is a targeted therapeutic designed to overcome multiple resistance mechanisms observed with the current standard of care.
Our broad-spectrum antiviral platform was developed at the University of Maryland Baltimore (“UMB”), which granted the Company an exclusive worldwide Master License Agreement (MLA”) to technology covered by three separate patent applications. The licensed technology comprises broadly acting pan-viral inhibitory compounds targeting multiple viral pathogens. The technology was invented by UMB scientists Drs. Matthew Frieman, Alexander MacKerell and Stuart Watson. The Company has also executed a Sponsored Research Agreement with UMB to support the development of the technology under the direction of these inventors at UMB.
In addition, we are constantly seeking to grow our pipeline of treatments in oncology indications. For example, in January 2021, the Company invested in Convergent Therapeutics, Inc., which has exclusive rights to technology related to next-generation dual-action peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (“PRRT”) for prostate cancer covered by multiple issued U.S. and foreign patents. Convergent is currently conducting advanced human trials relating to prostate cancer treatments utilizing PRRT that targets the prostate-specific membrane antigen (“PSMA”) present on prostate cancer cells. A phase I clinical trial on the next-generation dual-action PRRT we licensed is also currently underway. The technology was developed under the direction of Dr. Neil Bander, Professor of Urologic Oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine.
Additionally, on January 6, 2021 the Company announced that it entered into an exclusive patent license agreement with Silo Pharma Inc. (“Silo Pharma”) pursuant to which Silo Pharma granted the Company a worldwide exclusive, sublicensable, royalty-bearing license to certain Silo Pharma owned provisional patent applications directed to the use of psilocybin in cancer treatment, and any patents issuing therefrom, including all continuations, continuations-in-part, divisions, extensions, substitutions, reissues, re-examinations, and any applications and all patents issuing from any applications and patents that claim domestic benefit or foreign priority to the provisional patent applications. The license is for “Field of Use” (as defined in the exclusive patent license agreement) of “treatment of cancer and symptoms caused by cancer, including but not limited to pain, nausea, neuroinflammation, brain and neural dysfunction, depression, seizures, confusion, dizziness, numbness/tingling, dysfunction of the senses and all other symptoms that are caused by cancer of any type.”
For additional information related to our business, please refer to the reports incorporated by reference, as described under the caption “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”
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Concurrent Offering of Series O Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
Concurrently with this offering of Series P Preferred Stock, and pursuant to a separate prospectus supplement, we are offering 11,000 shares of our Series O Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, or Series O Preferred Stock (and the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon conversion of the Series O Preferred Stock) (the “Concurrent Offering”). The Series O Preferred Stock is being offered at the same offering price as the Series P Preferred Stock and, other than voting rights, on substantially similar terms.
Annual Meeting of the Stockholders
Promptly after the closing of this offering, we intend to call our annual meeting of our stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”), to seek stockholder approval of an amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or the Charter, to effect a reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”), with respect to our issued and outstanding common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, including stock held as treasury shares, at a ratio to be determined at the discretion of our Board of Directors (the “Reverse Stock Split Amendment”). Our Board of Directors approved the Reverse Stock Split and the related contemplated amendment to the Charter and intends to recommend that our stockholders approve and adopt the same at the Annual Meeting.
The approval of the Reverse Stock Split Amendment requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of our outstanding shares entitled to vote on the Reverse Stock Split Amendment, or the “Proposal”, at the Annual Meeting. The common stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series D-1 Preferred Stock, Series O Preferred Stock and the Series P Preferred Stock will vote together on the Proposal.
Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. The Series D Preferred Stock and Series D-1 Preferred Stock are each entitled to ten/nineteenths of one vote per preferred share.
The shares of Series P Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote only with respect to the Reverse Stock Split (and on no other matter, except as required by the Delaware General Corporation Law and with respect to certain other limited matters set forth in the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations governing the Series P Preferred Stock (the “Series P Certificate of Designation”) related thereto) and will be entitled to 30,000 votes per share on the Proposal. The purchasers of the shares of Series P Preferred Stock agreed not to transfer such shares until the Reverse Stock Split is effected and to vote such shares in connection with the Proposal. In addition, for the purpose of determining whether a quorum exists at the Annual Meeting, each share of Series P Preferred Stock will count as the number of shares of common stock it is convertible into (disregarding any limitations on conversion). The shares of Series P Preferred Stock that are entitled to be voted on the Proposal will, when cast, automatically be voted in the same proportion as the shares of common stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series D-1 Preferred Stock and Series O Preferred Stock are entitled to vote (excluding any shares of common stock that are not voted) with respect to the Proposal, or on a “mirrored” basis to the manner in which the Company’s common stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, Series D-1 Preferred Stock and Series O Preferred Stock are entitled to vote on the Proposal.
The shares of Series O Preferred Stock purchased in the Concurrent Offering will be entitled to vote only with respect to the Reverse Stock Split (and on no other matter, except as required by the Delaware General Corporation Law and with respect to certain other limited matters set forth in the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations governing the Series O Preferred Stock (the “Series O Certificate of Designation”) related thereto). The holders of the Series O Preferred Stock will be entitled to a number of votes per share of Series O Preferred Stock equal to the number of shares of common stock which such share is convertible into (disregarding any limitations on conversion thereof), which equals 1,000 votes per share of Series O Preferred Stock. The purchasers of the shares of Series O Preferred Stock agreed not to transfer such shares until the Reverse Stock Split is effected and to vote such shares in connection with the Proposal.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at One Rockefeller Plaza, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10020, and our telephone number is 212-745-1374.
Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”.
Our principal Internet address is http://www.aikidopharma.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website, is not, and shall not be deemed to be, incorporated in this prospectus supplement or considered a part thereof. We make available free of charge on http://www.aikidopharma.com our annual, quarterly and current reports, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.
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Series P Preferred Stock, offered by us | Up to 11,000 shares of Series P Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, convertible into 11,000,000 shares of common stock at $1.00 per share upon conversion. | |
Series P Preferred Stock to be outstanding after this offering | 11,000 shares of Series P Preferred Stock. | |
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering | 89,681,146 shares.1 | |
Offering Price | $10,476,180 in the aggregate or $952.38 per share of Series P Preferred Stock (representing a 5% original issue discount to the Stated Value). | |
Stated Value | $11,000,000 in the aggregate or $1,000 per share. | |
Use of proceeds | We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for the redemption of the Series P Preferred Stock, as and if required, and to the extent not so used, for general corporate purposes, including research and development activities, capital expenditures and working capital. See “Use of Proceeds” on page S-9 of this prospectus supplement. | |
Risk factors | See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement, as well as other information included in this prospectus, for a discussion of factors you should read and consider carefully before investing in our securities. | |
Nasdaq Capital Markets symbol | As of February 24 2022, our Series P Preferred Stock was not listed on any exchange and we do not intend to list our Series P Preferred Stock on any exchange. | |
Transfer Agent | Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. |
1. | The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering as shown above is based on 89,681,146 shares outstanding as of February 24, 2022 and excludes as of that date: |
● | 429,654 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average exercise price of $35.97 per share; |
● | 5,801,701 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $1.86 per share (without giving effect to any of the anti-dilution adjustment provisions thereof); |
● | 688 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of our Series D and D-1 Preferred Stock; |
● | 48,016 shares of our common stock to be reserved for potential future issuance pursuant to our 2012, 2013 and 2014 Equity Incentive Plans in the aggregate; |
● | 880,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Placement Agent’s Warrants to be issued as compensation to the Placement Agent for this offering, with an exercise price of $1.25 per share; |
● | 11,000,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of our Series P Preferred Stock at a conversion price of $1.00; and |
● | 11,000,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of our Series O Preferred Stock issued in the Concurrent Offering at a conversion price of $1.00 per share. |
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Ranking | The shares of Series P Preferred Stock are senior securities that constitute capital stock. The Series P Preferred Stock rank: |
● | senior to shares of our common stock as to the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or the winding-up of our affairs, and upon a Change of Control Transaction or Fundamental Transaction (as defined below in this prospectus supplement, see “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Other Definitions”); |
● | equal in priority with all other series of preferred stock that we have issued or may issue in the future, including the Series O Preferred Stock being offered in the Concurrent Offering, as to the distributions of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or the winding-up of our affairs and upon a Change of Control Transaction or Fundamental Transaction (as defined below in this prospectus supplement, see “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Other Definitions”); and |
● | subordinate in right of payment to the holders of our existing and future indebtedness. |
Redemption Rights: | The proceeds from this offering will be placed in an escrow account until the date the Series P Preferred Stock is no longer redeemable, and will, to the extent not used for purposes of redeeming the Series P Preferred Stock, be distributed to us when the Series P Preferred Stock is no longer redeemable. Each holder of Series P Preferred Stock shall have the right to cause us to redeem all or part of their shares of the Series P Preferred Stock during the Series P Redemption Period (as defined below in this prospectus supplement see “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Redemption”) in cash at a redemption price equal to 105% of the Stated Value. See “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Redemption” in this prospectus supplement. |
Conversion Rights | The shares of Series P Preferred Stock will become convertible at the option of the holder thereof into shares of our common stock on the date on which the Reverse Stock Split of our common stock is consummated and the amendment to our certificate of incorporation is filed and accepted by the State of Delaware, or the Reverse Stock Split Date. |
Subject to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below in this prospectus supplement, see “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation”), unless a holder of Series P Preferred Stock elects to have their shares redeemed, our Company may cause the conversion of all or part of the outstanding shares of Series P Preferred Stock to common stock on the Reverse Stock Split Date if the Equity Conditions (as defined below in this prospectus supplement, see “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Other Definitions - Equity Conditions”) are satisfied on that date, or if all of the Equity Conditions are not satisfied on the Reverse Stock Split Date, on the first such date after the Reverse Stock Split Date, if and only if such date is within and no later than 15 Trading Days (as defined below in this prospectus supplement, see “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Other Definitions - Trading Days”) after the Reverse Stock Split Date, that all of the Equity Conditions are satisfied and as further described in “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Conversion - Mandatory Conversion” in this prospectus supplement. |
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Additionally, and subject to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below in this prospectus supplement, see “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation”), at any time after 120 days following the Series P Mandatory Conversion Date (as defined below in this prospectus supplement, see “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Conversion - Mandatory Conversion”), we may deliver a written notice to each holder of the Series P Preferred Stock to cause each holder to convert all or part of such holder’s Series P Preferred Stock, provided that the Equity Conditions are then satisfied. See “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Conversion – “Forced Conversion” in this prospectus supplement. |
Voting Rights | Except as otherwise provided in the Charter, or as otherwise required by law, each holder of Series P Preferred Stock shall have the right to vote with the holders of the common stock and the Series O Preferred Stock as a single class, and are entitled to 30,000 votes per share, only with respect to the Proposal but shall have no other voting rights, except as required by the Delaware General Corporation Law and for the limited voting rights set forth in the Series P Certificate of Designation. The shares of Series P Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote in a manner that “mirrors” the proportions on which the shares of common stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series D-1 Preferred Stock and Series O Preferred Stock are voted on the Proposal. The Series D Preferred Stock and Series D-1 Preferred Stock will each be entitled to ten/nineteenths of one vote per preferred share. See “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Voting” in this prospectus supplement. |
Concurrent Offering | Concurrently with this offering of Series P Preferred Stock, and pursuant to a separate prospectus supplement, we are offering 11,000 shares of our Series O Preferred Stock (and the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon conversion of the Series O Preferred Stock). The Series O Preferred Stock shall be issued and subject to the same terms as those applicable to Series P Preferred Stock except that the shares of Series O Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote a number of votes equal to the number of shares of our common stock that it is convertible into (disregarding any limitations on conversion therein). |
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Investing in our shares of common stock involves a high degree of risk and uncertainty. You should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, as modified and superseded, before you decide to invest in our securities, including without limitation the risk factors listed under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2020 and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC. The occurrence of any of the following risks could harm our business. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our operations. You should also refer to the other information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including our financial statements and the notes to those statements and the information set forth in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
The issuance of shares with supermajority voting rights could be viewed negatively by our common stockholders.
The Series P Preferred Stock has “supermajority” voting rights in that each share will be entitled to 30,000 votes. The holders of Series P Preferred Stock will be able to vote the shares of Series P Preferred Stock with the shares of common stock and the Series O Preferred Stock, as a single class, on the Reverse Stock Split Amendment.
The issuance of shares with supermajority voting rights could be viewed negatively by holders of our common stock and make it more difficult for us to successfully adopt the Reverse Stock Split Amendment. Supermajority voting rights are an option approved by Nasdaq in only limited circumstances. We cannot be certain that, even with the supermajority voting rights of the Series P Preferred Stock, our stockholders will approve the Reverse Stock Split Amendment. If the Reverse Stock Split is not approved, and our common stock does not otherwise increase to satisfy the minimum bid price rule, our common stock may be subject to delisting by Nasdaq, as described above.
The holders of the Series P and/or Series O Preferred Stock may redeem their shares rather than convert their shares into shares of our common stock which would utilize all funds raised from the offering and the Concurrent Offering.
The shares of Series P Preferred Stock offered hereby and the shares of Series O Preferred Stock offered in the Concurrent Offering are subject to redemption or, only if we obtain, and after stockholder approval of, the Reverse Stock Split Amendment, conversion into our common stock at the holder’s election, subject to our right to compel conversion into our shares of common stock under certain circumstances. The conversion price for each of the Series P and Series O Preferred Stock is above the current market price for our common stock and the benefit to a holder of a conversion to common stock depends, among other factors, on the future trading prices of our common stock. We are offering the Series P and the Series O Preferred Stock at a five percent original issue discount to the stated value of the series. However, the redemption value for each of the Series P and Series O Preferred Stock is 105% of the stated value. Accordingly, it is possible that holders of our Series P and/or Series O Preferred Stock will elect to redeem their shares for cash, at a premium to their investment price, in lieu of converting their shares into shares of our common stock. Such redemptions would reduce or eliminate the proceeds to us from the offer and sale of the Series P and Series O Preferred Stock and require us to utilize some of our other cash. The proceeds of this offering and the Concurrent Offering will be held in escrow until the end of the redemption period and only released to us upon the expiration of the redemption period, subject to any earlier payments to holders upon redemption.
Moreover, holders of the Series P Preferred Stock are not entitled to convert their shares into our common stock unless and until our stockholders approve the Reverse Stock Split Amendment. Accordingly, it is possible that the shares of Series P Preferred Stock will not be convertible into shares of our common stock.
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Because we will have broad discretion and flexibility in how the net proceeds from this offering are used, we may use the net proceeds in ways in which you disagree.
To the extent the net proceeds from this offering are not used to redeem the Series P Preferred Stock, we intend to use such net proceeds for clinical development of our product candidates, working capital and other general corporate purposes. However, we may be required to use all or a portion of such net proceeds to redeem the Series P Preferred Stock. See “Use of Proceeds” on page S-9. We have not allocated specific amounts of the net proceeds from this offering for any of the foregoing purposes. Accordingly, our management may have significant discretion and flexibility in applying the net proceeds of this offering. To the extent we do not use the proceeds to redeem Series P Preferred Stock, you will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. It is possible that such net proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us. The failure of our management to use such funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow.
This offering is being conducted on a “reasonable best efforts” basis.
The placement agent is offering the shares on a “reasonable best efforts” basis, and the placement agent is under no obligation to purchase any shares for its own account. The placement agent is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares of Series P Preferred Stock in this offering but will use its reasonable best efforts to sell all of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement. As a “reasonable best efforts” offering, there can be no assurance that the offering contemplated hereby will ultimately be consummated.
Our common stock is subject to substantial dilution and we are requesting our stockholders’ approval to approve a discretionary reverse split of our common stock.
We intend to call our Annual Meeting to seek stockholder approval of the Reverse Stock Split Amendment. The shareholders will be asked to approve the reverse stock split at an exchange ratio of between 5-to 1 and 30-to-1, the final ratio to be selected by our Board of Directors at its discretion. Our Board of Directors has approved the Reverse Stock Split and the Reverse Stock Split Amendment and intends to recommend that our stockholders approve and adopt the same at the Annual Meeting.
Implementation of the Reverse Split Amendment would not change the total number of shares of our common stock authorized for issuance and the number of shares of our common stock available for issuance following the implementation of the Reverse Split Amendment would increase to the extent the Reverse Stock Amendment reduces the number of outstanding shares of our common stock. Accordingly, the Reverse Stock Amendment would provide us with additional authorized, unissued and otherwise unreserved shares of common stock available for future corporate purposes, including future acquisitions, investment opportunities, the establishment of collaboration or other strategic agreements, capital raising transactions involving equity or convertible debt securities, future at the market offerings of common stock, or issuance under current or future employee equity plans. The issuance of equity securities in connection with such transactions may result in potentially significant dilution of our current stockholders’ ownership interests in our Company.
There is no established public market for the Series P Preferred Stock being offered by us in this offering.
There is no established public trading market for the Series P Preferred Stock being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list either the Series P Preferred Stock on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system, including the Nasdaq Capital Market. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Series P Preferred Stock will be limited.
We have the right to require you to convert your Series P Preferred Stock into common stock in certain circumstances.
We have the right to force the conversion, subject to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation described herein (see “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation”), of all or part of the outstanding shares of Series P Preferred Stock to common stock in certain circumstances. This right is contingent upon the Reserve Stock Split Amendment being approved by our shareholders and satisfaction of the other equity conditions. See “Description of Securities — Series P Preferred Stock — Other Definitions - Equity Conditions” for a description of the Equity Conditions.
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If we compel conversion of the Series P Preferred Stock, your shares of Series P Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of our common stock at a time that you may not desire such conversion, and you would not, after effecting such conversion, be able to have your shares of Series P Preferred Stock redeemed.
We may be unable to maintain compliance with The Nasdaq Marketplace Rules which could cause our common stock to be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market. This could result in the lack of a market for our common stock, cause a decrease in the value of an investment in us, and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, or Nasdaq. To maintain the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq, we are required to meet certain listing requirements, including, among others, a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share.
On August 10, 2021, we received notice from Nasdaq that the closing bid price for our common stock had been below $1.00 per share for the previous 30 consecutive business days, and that we are therefore not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on Nasdaq under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). Nasdaq’s notice had no immediate effect on the listing or trading of our common stock on Nasdaq. The notice indicated that we would have 180 calendar days, until February 7, 2022, to regain compliance with this requirement. On February 8, 2022, we were granted an additional 180-day compliance period and submitted a plan of compliance that involves the Reverse Stock Split. To regain compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid listing requirement, the closing bid price of our common stock must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during the 180-day compliance period. If in the future we are unable to comply with one or more of the Nasdaq listing standards, we could receive a notice of non-compliance and, if we are not able to regain compliance within the requisite time period, Nasdaq could take action to delist us. If our securities are delisted from trading on Nasdaq, and we are not able to list our securities on another exchange or to have them quoted on Nasdaq, our common stock could be quoted on the OTC Markets or on the Pink Open Market. As a result, we could face significant adverse consequences including:
● | a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; |
● | a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock,” which would require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities; |
● | a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and |
● | a decreased ability to issue additional securities (including pursuant to short-form registration statements on Form S-3 or obtain additional financing in the future). |
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We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the Series P Preferred Stock offered under this prospectus supplement, after deducting the placement agent fees and the estimated offering expenses payable by us will be approximately $9.44 million. We estimate that net proceeds from the Concurrent Offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and the estimate offering expenses payable by us will also be approximately $9.44 million, for aggregate net proceeds from both Offerings of approximately $18.88 million.
The proceeds from this offering and from the Concurrent Offering will be placed in an escrow account until the applicable series of Preferred Stock is no longer redeemable and will, to the extent not used for purposes of redeeming shares of the applicable series of Preferred Stock, be distributed to the Company when the applicable series of Preferred Stock is no longer redeemable.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for the redemption of the Series P Preferred Stock, as and if required, and to the extent not used for the redemption of the Series P Preferred Stock, for general corporate purposes, including research and development activities, capital expenditures and working capital. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to us from this offering, if not required for the redemption of Series P Preferred Stock. As a result, our management will have broad discretion regarding the timing and application of any net proceeds from this offering not used to redeem shares of Series P Preferred Stock.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not currently anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends on our common stock or the Series P Preferred Stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to finance operations. Any future determination relating to our dividend will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on a number of factors, including future earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions, future prospects, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board may deem relevant. If we pay dividends on our common stock in the future, the Series P Preferred Stock will be entitled to dividends on an equal (on an as-if-converted-to common stock basis, disregarding for such purpose any conversion limitations on the Series P Preferred Stock) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the common stock.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
Series P Preferred Stock
We are offering up to 11,000 shares of our Series P Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, in this offering, with a stated value of $1,000.00 per share. The following are the principal terms of the Series P Preferred Stock:
Dividends
The holders of Series P Preferred Stock will be entitled to dividends, on an as-if converted basis, equal to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of our common stock, when and if actually paid.
Quorum
For purposes of determining the presence of a quorum at any meeting of the stockholders at which the shares of Series P Preferred Stock are entitled to vote, each share of Series P Preferred Stock shall equal the number of shares of our common stock it is convertible into, disregarding, for such purposes, any limitations on conversion thereof.
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Voting Rights
The Series P Preferred Stock has no voting rights, except to the extent required under the Delaware General Corporation Law and as set forth below:
● | Each share of Series P Preferred Stock will entitle the holder thereof (a) to vote exclusively with respect to (i) the Reverse Stock Split and (ii) the amendment to our Charter, as amended, to effect the Reverse Stock Split, and (b) to 30,000 votes per share of Series P Preferred Stock. The shares of Series P Preferred Stock shall, except as required by law, vote together with the common stock and the Series O Preferred Stock, as a single class. The Series P Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote in the same proportions as the shares of common stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series D-1 Preferred Stock and Series O Preferred Stock are voted (excluding any shares of common stock that are not voted), or on a “mirrored” basis to the votes cast by the shares of common stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series D-1 Preferred Stock and Series O Preferred Stock. |
● | Otherwise, as long as any shares of Series P Preferred Stock are outstanding, the holders of the shares of Series P Preferred Stock will be entitled to approve, by a majority vote of the then-outstanding shares of Series P Preferred Stock if we seek to (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series P Preferred Stock or alter or amend the Series P Certificate of Designation, (b) amend our certificate of incorporation or other Charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders of the Series P Preferred Stock, (c) increase the number of authorized shares of Series P Preferred Stock, or (d) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. |
Liquidation
Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, prior and in preference to the holders of our common stock, the holders of the Series P Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive out of the assets available for distribution to stockholders an amount equal to 105% of the Stated Value of the Series P Preferred Stock and no more. The same preference and terms with respect to distributions to the Series P Preferred Stock upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our Company shall apply mutatis mutandis to any distributions to be made upon the consummation of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined below) or Change of Control Transaction (as defined below).
Conversion
Subject to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below) and, in certain circumstances, certain equity conditions, the Series P Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock, or Series P Conversion Shares. The conversion rate, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Series P Certificate of Designation, is determined by dividing the stated value of the Series P Preferred Stock by $1.00, or the Series P Conversion Price. The Series P Conversion Price (as defined below) is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Series P Certificate of Designation for stock dividends and stock splits or the occurrence of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in below). If any shares of Series P Preferred Stock are converted or reacquired by us, such shares shall resume the status of authorized but unissued shares of our preferred stock and shall no longer be designated as Series P Preferred Stock.
Optional Conversion
Subject to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation, each share of Series P Preferred Stock will be convertible, at any time and from time to time only after the Reverse Stock Split Date, at the option of the holder thereof, into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the stated value of such share of Series P Preferred Stock by the Series P Conversion Price. Stockholders will effect conversions by delivering to our Company a conversion notice, or a “Series P Notice of Conversion”. Each Series P Notice of Conversion will specify the number of shares of Series P Preferred Stock to be converted, the number of shares of Series P Preferred Stock owned prior to the conversion at issue, the number of shares of Series P Preferred Stock owned subsequent to the conversion at issue and the date on which such conversion is to be effected, which date may not be prior to the date the applicable stockholder delivers such Series P Notice of Conversion to our Company, such date, the Series P Conversion Date. If no Series P Conversion Date is specified in a Series P Notice of Conversion, the Series P Conversion Date shall be as of the close of business on the business day that such Series P Notice of Conversion is delivered to us, or if such day is not a business day or if the Series P Notice of Conversion is delivered after regular business hours, the next business day. No ink-original Series P Notice of Conversion shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Series P Notice of Conversion form be required. The calculations and entries set forth in the Series P Notice of Conversion will control in the absence of manifest or mathematical error. From and after the Series P Conversion Date, until presented for transfer or exchange, certificates that previously represented shares of Series P Preferred Stock will represent, in lieu of the number of shares of Series P Preferred Stock previously represented by such certificate, the number of shares of Series P Preferred Stock, if any, previously represented by such certificate that were not converted pursuant to the Series P Notice of Conversion, plus the number of shares of Series P Conversion Shares into which the shares of Series P Preferred Stock previously represented by such certificate were converted. To effect conversions of shares of Series P Preferred Stock, a stockholder will not be required to surrender the certificate(s) representing the shares of Series P Preferred Stock to us unless all of the shares of Series P Preferred Stock represented thereby are so converted, in which case such stockholder will deliver the certificate representing such shares of Series P Preferred Stock promptly following the Series P Conversion Date at issue. Shares of Series P Preferred Stock converted into common stock will be canceled and will not be reissued.
S-10
Conversion Price. The conversion price for the Series P Preferred Stock will be $1.00, subject to adjustment as further described herein, or Series P Conversion Price.
Mechanics of Conversion
● | Delivery of Series P Conversion Shares Upon Conversion. Not later than the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days (as defined below) and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) after each Series P Conversion Date, or Share Delivery Date, we will deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the converting stockholder the number of Series P Conversion Shares being acquired upon the conversion of the Series P Preferred Stock, which Series P Conversion Shares will be free of restrictive legends and trading restrictions. We will use reasonable best efforts to deliver the Series P Conversion Shares required to be delivered by us through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on our Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the common stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Conversion. |
● | Failure to Deliver Series P Conversion Shares. If, in the case of any Series P Notice of Conversion, such Series P Conversion Shares are not delivered to or as directed by the applicable stockholder by the Share Delivery Date, the stockholder will be entitled to elect by written notice to us at any time on or before its receipt of such Series P Conversion Shares, to rescind such conversion, in which event we will promptly return to the stockholder any original Series P Preferred Stock certificate delivered to us and the stockholder will promptly return to us the Series P Conversion Shares issued to such stockholder pursuant to the rescinded Series P Notice of Conversion. |
● | Obligation Absolute; Partial Liquidated Damages. Subject to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation, our Company’s obligation to issue and deliver the Series P Conversion Shares upon conversion of Series P Preferred Stock are absolute and unconditional, irrespective of any action or inaction by a stockholder to enforce the same, any waiver or consent with respect to any provision of the Series P Certificate of Designation, the recovery of any judgment against any person or any action to enforce the same, or any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by such stockholder or any other person of any obligation to our Company or any violation or alleged violation of law by such stockholder or any other person, and irrespective of any other circumstance, other than in connection with the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation, which might otherwise limit such obligation of our Company to such stockholder in connection with the issuance of such Series P Conversion Shares; provided, however, that such delivery shall not operate as a waiver by our Company of any such action that our Company may have against such stockholder. In the event a stockholder elects to convert any or all of the stated value of its Series P Preferred Stock, our Company may not refuse conversion based on any claim that such stockholder or anyone associated or affiliated with such stockholder has been engaged in any violation of law, agreement or for any other reason, other than pursuant to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation, unless an injunction from a court, on notice to stockholder, restraining and/or enjoining conversion of all or part of the Series P Preferred Stock of such stockholder has been sought and obtained, and our Company posts a surety bond for the benefit of such stockholder in the amount of 150% of the stated value of the Series P Preferred Stock which is subject to the injunction, which bond will remain in effect until the completion of arbitration/litigation of the underlying dispute and the proceeds of which shall be payable to the stockholder to the extent it obtains judgment. In the absence of such injunction, subject to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation, our Company will issue Series P Conversion Shares and, if applicable, cash, upon a properly noticed conversion. If our Company fails to deliver to a stockholder such Series P Conversion Shares by the Share Delivery Date applicable to such conversion, other than in accordance with the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation, our Company will pay to such stockholder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $5,000 of stated value of Series P Preferred Stock being converted, $50 per Trading Day (increasing to $100 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day after the Share Delivery Date and increasing to $200 per Trading Day on the sixth Trading Day after the Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after the Share Delivery Date until such Series P Conversion Shares are delivered or the stockholder rescinds such conversion. Nothing will limit a stockholder’s right to pursue actual damages for our failure to deliver Series P Conversion Shares within the period specified herein and such stockholder will have the right to pursue all remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief. |
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● | Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Series P Conversion Shares Upon Conversion. In addition to any other rights available to the stockholder, if we fail for any reason, other than due to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation, to deliver to a stockholder the applicable Series P Conversion Shares by the Share Delivery Date, and if after such Share Delivery Date such stockholder is required by its brokerage firm to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise), or the stockholder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of common stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by such stockholder of the Series P Conversion Shares which such stockholder was entitled to receive upon the conversion relating to such Share Delivery Date, or Buy-In, then we will (A) pay in cash to such stockholder (in addition to any other remedies available to or elected by such stockholder) the amount, if any, by which (x) such stockholder’s total purchase price (including any brokerage commissions) for the common stock so purchased exceeds (y) the product of (1) the aggregate number of shares of common stock that such stockholder was entitled to receive from the conversion at issue multiplied by (2) the actual sale price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed (including any brokerage commissions) and (B) at the option of such stockholder, either reissue (if surrendered) the shares of Series P Preferred Stock equal to the number of shares of Series P Preferred Stock submitted for conversion (in which case, such conversion will be deemed rescinded) or deliver to such stockholder the number of shares of common stock that would have been issued if we had timely complied with our delivery requirements. For example, if a stockholder purchases shares of common stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted conversion of shares of Series P Preferred Stock with respect to which the actual sale price of the Series P Conversion Shares (including any brokerage commissions) giving rise to such purchase obligation was a total of $10,000 under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence, we will pay such stockholder $1,000. The stockholder will provide us written notice indicating the amounts payable to such stockholder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon our request, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing will limit a stockholder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to our failure to timely deliver the Series P Conversion Shares upon conversion of the shares of Series P Preferred Stock. |
● | Reservation of Shares Issuable Upon Conversion. From and after the Reverse Stock Split Date and until no shares of Series P Preferred Stock remain outstanding, our Company will at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued shares of common stock for the sole purpose of issuance upon conversion of the Series P Preferred Stock, free from preemptive rights or any other actual contingent purchase rights of persons other than the stockholder (and the other holders of the Series P Preferred Stock), not less than the aggregate number of shares of the commons stock as would (subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement) be issuable upon the conversion of the then outstanding shares of Series P Preferred Stock. Our Company covenants that all shares of common stock that will be so issuable will, upon issue, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. |
● | Fractional Shares. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares will be issued upon the conversion of the Series P Preferred Stock. As to any fraction of a share which the stockholder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such conversion, we will at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Series P Conversion Price or round up to the next whole share. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, but consistent with the provisions of this subsection with respect to fractional Series P Conversion Shares, nothing will prevent any stockholder from converting fractional shares of Series P Preferred Stock. |
● | Transfer Taxes and Expenses. The issuance of Series P Conversion Shares on conversion of the Series P Preferred Stock will be made without charge to any stockholder for any documentary stamp or similar taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of such Series P Conversion Shares, provided that we will not be required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance and delivery of any such Series P Conversion Shares upon conversion in a name other than that of the stockholders of such shares of Series P Preferred Stock and we will not be required to issue or deliver such Series P Conversion Shares unless or until the person or persons requesting the issuance thereof have paid to us the amount of such tax or have established to our satisfaction that such tax has been paid. We will pay all transfer agent fees required for same-day processing of any Series P Notice of Conversion and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Series P Conversion Shares. |
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Mandatory Conversion
On the Reverse Stock Split Date or, if all of the Equity Conditions (as defined below) are not satisfied on the Reverse Stock Split Date, on the first such date, if and only if such date is within and no later than 15 trading days after the Reverse Stock Split Date, that all of the Equity Conditions are satisfied unless waived in writing by each holder of the Series P Preferred Stock, or Series P Mandatory Conversion Date, our Company may deliver written notice of the Series P Mandatory Conversion (as defined below) to all holders of shares of Series P Preferred Stock on the Series P Mandatory Conversion Date and, on such Series P Mandatory Conversion Date, the Company will convert all of each such stockholder’s shares of Series P Preferred Stock into Series P Conversion Shares at the then effective Series P Conversion Price, or Series P Mandatory Conversion. If any of the Equity Conditions shall cease to be satisfied at any time on or after the Mandatory Conversion Date through and including the actual delivery of all of the Series P Conversion Shares to the holders, a holder may elect to nullify the Series P Mandatory Conversion by notice to us within three Trading Days, after the first day on which any such Equity Condition has not been satisfied. Any Mandatory Conversion shall be subject to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation and the holder’s right to redeem the holder’s shares of Series P Preferred Stock.
Forced Conversion
In addition to the Series P Mandatory Conversion, and subject to the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation, at any time after 120 days following the Series P Mandatory Conversion Date, we may deliver a written notice to all holders of shares of Series P Preferred Stock, or Series P Forced Conversion Notice, and the date such notice is delivered to all such holders, the Series P Forced Conversion Notice Date, to cause each holder of Series P Preferred Stock to convert all or part of such holder’s Series P Preferred Stock (as specified in such Series P Forced Conversion Notice) in accordance with the Series P Certificate of Designation, or Series P Forced Conversion. We may not deliver a Series P Forced Conversion Notice, and any Series P Forced Conversion Notice delivered by us shall not be effective, unless all of the Equity Conditions have been met on the Series P Forced Conversion Notice Date through and including the later of the Series P Forced Conversion Date and the Trading Day (as defined in the Series P Certificate of Designation) after the date that the Series P Conversion Shares issuable pursuant to such conversion are actually delivered to the holders pursuant to the Series P Forced Conversion Notice.
Redemption
After (i) the earlier of (1) the approval by a majority in voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of our Company entitled to vote on the matter, of the Proposal and (2) the date that is 90 days following the original issue date and (ii) before the date that is 120 days after the original issue date, or Series P Redemption Period, each holder of Series P Preferred Stock shall have the right, by delivering written notice thereof, or a Series P Redemption Notice, to cause our Company to redeem all or part of such stockholder’s shares of Series P Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to 105% of such shares’ stated value. The Company will redeem the shares of Series P Preferred Stock in accordance with the Series P Redemption Notice, no later than 5 days after the date on which the Series P Redemption Notice is delivered to our Company. Any redeemed shares of Series P Preferred Stock will no longer be deemed to be outstanding.
Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation
The Series P Preferred Stock cannot be converted to common stock if the holder and its affiliates would beneficially own more than 4.99% or, at the election of the holder, 9.99% of the outstanding common stock, or the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation. However, any holder may increase or decrease the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% upon notice to us, provided that any increase in this limitation will not be effective until 61 days after such notice from the holder to us and such increase or decrease will apply only to the holder providing such notice. The Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation may not be waived by our Company or the stockholder subject thereto.
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Other Definitions
“Change of Control Transaction” means the occurrence of any of (a) an acquisition by an individual or legal entity or “group” (as described in Rule 13d-5(b)(1) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder) of effective control (whether through legal or beneficial ownership of capital stock of our Company, by contract or otherwise) of in excess of 50% of the voting securities of our Company (other than by means of the issuance, sale, conversion or exercise of Series P Preferred Stock or Series O Preferred Stock), (b) our Company merges into or consolidates with any other person, or any person merges into or consolidates with our company and, after giving effect to such transaction, the stockholders of our Company immediately prior to such transaction own less than a majority of its aggregate voting power or the successor entity of such transaction, (c) our Company (and all of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole) sells or transfers all or substantially all of its assets to another person and the stockholders of our Company immediately prior to such transaction own less than a majority of the aggregate voting power of the acquiring entity immediately after the transaction, (d) a replacement at one time or within a one year period of more than one-half of the members of our Board of Directors which is not approved by a majority of those individuals who are members of our Board of Directors on the original issue date (or by those individuals who are serving as members of our Board of Directors on any date whose nomination to our Board of Directors was approved by a majority of the members of our Board of Directors who are members on the original issue date), or (e) the execution by our Company of an agreement to which our Company is a party or by which it is bound, providing for any of the events set forth in clauses (a) through (d) above.
“Equity Conditions” means, during the period in question, (a) our Company shall have paid all liquidated damages and other amounts owing to the applicable holder in respect of the Series P Preferred Stock, (b) (i) there is an effective registration statement pursuant to which either (A) our Company may issue Series P Conversion Shares or (B) the holders are permitted to utilize the prospectus thereunder to resell all of the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents (and our Company believes, in good faith, that such effectiveness will continue uninterrupted for the foreseeable future) or (ii) all of the Series P Conversion Shares issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents (and shares issuable in lieu of cash payments of dividends) may be resold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements as determined by the counsel to our Company as set forth in a written opinion letter to such effect, addressed and reasonably acceptable to the Transfer Agent and the affected Holder or (iii) all of the Series P Conversion Shares may be issued to the Holder pursuant to Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and immediately resold without restriction, (c) the common stock is trading on a Trading Market and all of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series P Preferred Stock are listed or quoted for trading on such Trading Market (and our Company believes, in good faith, that trading of the common stock on a Trading Market will continue uninterrupted for the foreseeable future), (d) there is a sufficient number of authorized, but unissued and otherwise unreserved, shares of common stock for the issuance of all of the shares then issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents, (e) a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of our Company will have approved the Reverse Stock Split Amendment, (f) the issuance of the shares in question to the applicable holder would not violate the Series P Beneficial Ownership Limitation, (g) there has been no public announcement of a pending or proposed Fundamental Transaction or Change of Control Transaction that has not been consummated, (h) the applicable holder is not in possession of any information provided by our Company, any of its subsidiaries, or any of their officers, directors, employees, agents or affiliates, that constitutes, or may constitute, material non-public information and (i) our Company shall have duly honored all conversions scheduled to occur or occurring by virtue of one or more Series P Notices of Conversion of the applicable holder on or prior to the dates so requested or required, if any.
“Fundamental Transaction” means, if at any time while shares of Series P Preferred Stock are outstanding, (i) our Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of our Company with or into another person, (ii) our Company (and all of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole), directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a Series Pf related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by our Company or another person) is completed pursuant to which holders of common stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of at least 50% of the outstanding shares of common stock, (iv) our Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of its common stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the common stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) our Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another person whereby such other person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of common stock of our Company (not including any shares of common stock held by the other person or other persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination).
S-14
“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for business.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the common stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means the Series P Certificate of Designation, the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series O Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock of our Company, the Purchase Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, in each case as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.
Securities Purchase Agreement
The Series P Preferred Stock described in this Prospectus Supplement will be issued subject to, and in accordance with, the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, entered into by and among our Company and each purchaser party thereto, on February 24, 2022. In addition to customary covenants, representations and warranties, the Purchase Agreement contemplates indemnification obligations of our Company in favor of each purchaser thereunder, and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents, each person who controls each such purchaser, and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees of such controlling persons, each, a Purchaser Party, for all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and reasonable expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by our Company in the Purchase Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective affiliates, by any stockholder of our Company who is not an affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
Additionally, under the Purchase Agreement the Company and the purchasers thereunder have agreed as follows:
● | On and after the Reverse Stock Split Date, our Company will maintain a reserve from its duly authorized shares of common stock for issuance in such amount as may then be required to fulfill its obligations in full under the Transaction Documents. If, at any date after the Reverse Stock Split Date, the number of authorized but unissued (and otherwise unreserved) shares of common stock is less than the Required Minimum (as defined below) on such date, then the Board of Directors will use commercially reasonable efforts to amend the certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized but unissued shares of common stock to at least the Required Minimum at such time, as soon as possible, and in any event not later than the 75th day after such date. “Required Minimum” means, as of any date, the maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock then issued or potentially issuable in the future pursuant to the Transaction Documents, including the conversion in full of all shares of Series P Preferred Stock, ignoring any conversion or exercise limits set forth therein. |
● | Until the date the Series P Preferred Stock is no longer outstanding, neither our Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall issue any shares of preferred stock or other securities having rights senior to or pari passu with the Series P Preferred Stock. |
S-15
● | Until the earlier of 120 days after the closing date and the date that the Series P Preferred Stock is no longer outstanding, neither our Company nor any of its subsidiary will make any issuance whatsoever of common stock or Common Stock Equivalents. |
● | From the date of the Purchase Agreement up to and including the Reverse Stock Split Date, each purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other purchasers, agrees to not convert any shares of Series P Preferred Stock and such purchaser will not transfer, offer, sell, contract to sell, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise dispose of (or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or might reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition (whether by actual disposition or effective economic disposition due to cash settlement or otherwise)) any shares of Series P Preferred Stock. |
● | Each purchaser covenants to vote, and will cause its affiliates to vote, all shares of Series P Preferred Stock owned by such purchaser or its affiliates, as applicable, in respect of any resolution presented to the stockholders of our Company for the purpose of approving the amendment of the certificate of incorporation to effect the Reverse Stock Split. |
● | The Company will not offer or grant any consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) to any person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to such Transaction Documents. |
Escrow Agreement
On the original issue date, our Company, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Placement Agent, will enter into an escrow agreement, pursuant to which, the proceeds otherwise payable to our Company under the Purchase Agreement upon the original issuance of the Series P Preferred Stock and Series O Preferred Stock will be deposited in escrow to serve as source of payment in the event the purchasers of shares of Series P Preferred Stock and Series O Preferred Stock exercise their redemption rights as previously described in this Prospectus Supplement and in accordance with the Series P Certificate of Designation. Any funds not payable to the stockholders upon redemption of shares, will be released to our Company upon termination of the Series P Redemption Period.
Common Stock
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders and do not have cumulative voting rights. Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board out of funds legally available therefor. In the event of a dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and any preferential rights of any outstanding preferred stock.
Holders of common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock which may be designated and issued in the future.
S-16
Pursuant to an engagement agreement, dated January 24, 2020, as amended, we have engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Placement Agent”) to act as our exclusive placement agent, on a reasonable best-efforts basis, in connection with this offering of our Series P Preferred Stock pursuant to this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus. The terms of this offering are subject to market conditions and negotiations between us, the Placement Agent, and prospective investors. The engagement agreement does not give rise to any commitment by the Placement Agent to purchase any of our common stock, and the Placement Agent will have no authority to bind us by virtue of the engagement agreement. The Placement Agent is not purchasing the securities offered by us in this offering and is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but will assist us in this offering on a reasonable best-efforts basis. Further, the Placement Agent does not guarantee that it will be able to raise new capital in any prospective offering. The Placement Agent may engage sub-agents or selected dealers to assist with the offering.
We expect to deliver the shares of our Series P Preferred Stock offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement on or about March 1, 2022, subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions.
Fees and Expenses
We have agreed to pay the placement agent a placement agent’s fee of 8.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering. The following table shows the per share and total cash placement agent’s fees we will pay to the placement agent in connection with the sale of the shares of our Series P Preferred Stock offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
Per Share | Total | |||||||
Offering price | $ | 952.38 | $ | 10,476,180 | ||||
Placement Agent’s fees | $ | 76.19 | $ | 838,094 | ||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us | $ | 876.19 | $ | 9,638,086 |
In addition, we have agreed to reimburse the Placement Agent’s expenses up to a total of $50,000 upon closing of the Offerings, representing a pro rata amount of $25,000 for this offering. Additionally, we have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a management fee of 1% of the gross proceeds raised in the offering and a non-accountable expense allowance of $25,000 upon closing of the Offerings, representing a pro rata amount of $12,500 for this offering. We estimate that the total expenses of the Offerings payable by us will be approximately $1,092,857 including the Placement Agent’s fees.
Placement Agent’s Warrants
We have agreed to issue to the Placement Agent warrants (the “Placement Agent’s Warrants”) to purchase 8.0% of the number of shares of common stock issuable in the Offerings. Accordingly, we will issue Placement Agent’s Warrants to the Placement Agent to purchase up to 880,000 shares of our common stock in connection with the offering of the Series P Preferred Stock and Placement Agent’s Warrants to purchase up to 1,760,000 shares of our common stock in the aggregate in connection with the Offerings. The Placement Agent Warrants will have an exercise price equal to $1.25 per share, which represents 125% of the offering price for the common stock sold in this offering. The Placement Agent’s Warrants will be immediately exercisable and have a term of five years from the commencement of sales pursuant to this offering. The Placement Agent Warrants and the shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise thereof are being registered hereby.
Tail
We have also agreed to pay the Placement Agent, subject to certain exceptions, a tail fee equal to the cash and warrant compensation in the Offerings, if any investor, who was contacted or introduced to us by the Placement Agent during the term of its engagement, provides us with capital in any public or private offering or other financing or capital raising transaction during the 12-month period following expiration or termination of our engagement of the Placement Agent.
Nasdaq Capital Market Listing
Our stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”. On February 24, 2022, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $0.42 per share. We do not plan to list the Placement Agent’s Warrants on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other securities exchange or trading market.
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify the Placement Agent and specified other persons against some civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and to contribute to payments that the Placement Agent may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.
S-17
Regulation M
The Placement Agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act and any fees received by it and any profit realized on the sale of the securities by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. The Placement Agent will be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act including, without limitation, Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of our securities by the Placement Agent. Under these rules and regulations, the Placement Agent may not (i) engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and (ii) bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until they have completed their participation in the distribution.
Other Relationships
From time to time, the Placement Agent may provide in the future, various advisory, investment and commercial banking and other services to us in the ordinary course of business, for which it may receive customary fees and commissions.
The validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York.
Marcum LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as set forth in their report. Our consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Marcum LLP’s report, given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC, which are available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, we maintain a website that contains information about us at http://www.aikidopharma.com. The information found on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus supplement or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC.
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-238172) under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus supplement. When used in this prospectus supplement, the term “registration statement” includes amendments to the registration statement as well as the exhibits, schedules, financial statements and notes filed as part of the registration statement or incorporated by reference therein. This prospectus supplement, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, omits some information contained in the registration statement in accordance with SEC rules and regulations. You should review the information and exhibits in the registration statement for further information on us and our consolidated subsidiaries and the common stock we are offering by this prospectus supplement. Statements herein concerning any document we filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive and are qualified by reference to these filings. You should review the complete document to evaluate these statements. You can obtain a copy of the registration statement from the SEC at the address listed above or from the SEC’s website.
S-18
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
This prospectus supplement is part of the registration statement but the registration statement includes and incorporates by reference additional information and exhibits. The SEC permits us to “incorporate by reference” the information contained in documents we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents rather than by including them in this prospectus supplement. Information that is incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement and you should read it with the same care that you read this prospectus supplement. Information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information that is either contained, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus supplement, and will be considered to be a part of this prospectus supplement from the date those documents are filed. We have filed with the SEC, and incorporate by reference in this prospectus supplement:
● | our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 25, 2021; |
● | our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2021, August 11, 2021 and November 10, 2021; |
● | our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 11, 2021, January 19, 2021, January 25, 2021, February 3, 2021, February 18, 2021, March 5, 2021, April 13, 2021, April 16, 2021, May 3, 2021, May 13, 2021, June 10, 2021, June 23, 2021, July 2, 2021, July 19, 2021, August 13, 2021, October 1, 2021, November 2, 2021, November 9, 2021, December 9, 2021, January 24, 2022 and February 11, 2022; and |
● | Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on November 9, 2021. |
In addition, all documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, prior to the termination of the offering (excluding any information furnished rather than filed) shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.
Notwithstanding the statements in the preceding paragraphs, no document, report or exhibit (or portion of any of the foregoing) or any other information that we have “furnished” to the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended shall be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.
We will furnish without charge to you, on written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, including exhibits to these documents. You should direct any requests for documents to:
AIkido Pharma Inc.
One Rockefeller Plaza, 11th Floor
New York, NY 10020
Phone: 212-745-1374
You also may access these filings on our website at http://www.aikidopharma.com. We do not incorporate the information on our website into this prospectus supplement or any supplement to this prospectus and you should not consider any information on, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this prospectus supplement or any supplement to this prospectus (other than those filings with the SEC that we specifically incorporate by reference into this prospectus supplement or any supplement to this prospectus).
Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement will be deemed modified, superseded or replaced for purposes of this prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus supplement modifies, supersedes or replaces such statement. Any statement contained herein or in any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part to the extent that a statement contained in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed to constitute a part of the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part, except as so modified or superseded.
AIkido Pharma Inc.
One Rockefeller Plaza, 11th Floor
New York, NY 10020
Phone: 212-745-1374
S-19
Prospectus
$100,000,000
COMMON STOCK
PREFERRED STOCK
PURCHASE CONTRACTS
WARRANTS
SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS
DEPOSITORY SHARES
DEBT SECURITIES
UNITS
● | common stock; |
● | preferred stock; |
● | purchase contracts; |
● | warrants to purchase our securities; |
● | subscription rights to purchase any of the foregoing securities; |
● | depository shares; |
● | secured or unsecured debt securities consisting of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness which may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities, each of which may be convertible into equity securities; or |
● | units comprised of, or other combinations of, the foregoing securities. |
We may offer and sell these securities separately or together, in one or more series or classes and in amounts, at prices and on terms described in one or more offerings. We may offer securities through underwriting syndicates managed or co-managed by one or more underwriters or dealers, through agents or directly to purchasers. The prospectus supplement for each offering of securities will describe in detail the plan of distribution for that offering. For general information about the distribution of securities offered, please see “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus.
Each time our securities are offered, we will provide a prospectus supplement containing more specific information about the particular offering and attach it to this prospectus. The prospectus supplements may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell securities without a prospectus supplement which includes a description of the method and terms of this offering.
Our common stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”. The last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on May 8, 2020 was $0.7432 per share. The aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates is $25,931,162 based on 34,920,219 shares of outstanding common stock, of which 34,891,230 shares are held by non-affiliates, and a per share price of $0.7432 which was the closing sale price of our common stock as quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market on May 8, 2020.
If we decide to seek a listing of any preferred stock, purchase contracts, warrants, subscriptions rights, depository shares, debt securities or units offered by this prospectus, the related prospectus supplement will disclose the exchange or market on which the securities will be listed, if any, or where we have made an application for listing, if any.
Investing in our securities involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10 and the risk factors in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference herein, as well as in any other recently filed quarterly or current reports and, if any, in the relevant prospectus supplement. We urge you to carefully read this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement, together with the documents we incorporate by reference, describing the terms of these securities before investing.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this Prospectus is May 11, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell, either individually or in combination, in one or more offerings, any of the securities described in this prospectus, for total gross proceeds of up to $100,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement to this prospectus that will contain more specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Incorporation of Documents by Reference,” before investing in any of the securities being offered. You should rely only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, along with the information contained in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so.
The information appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of the document and any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of a security.
This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the section entitled “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
This prospectus contains, or incorporates by reference, trademarks, tradenames, service marks and service names of AIkido Pharma Inc.
ii
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein may contain forward looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein, including statements regarding future events, our future financial performance, business strategy, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should,” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we do not make forward looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks outlined under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, which may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a highly regulated, very competitive, and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we address the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short term and long term business operations, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this prospectus, and in particular, the risks discussed below and under the heading “Risk Factors” and those discussed in other documents we file with the SEC. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and notes incorporated by reference herein. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statement.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, each of which applies only as of the date of this prospectus. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform our statements to actual results or changed expectations.
Any forward-looking statement you read in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any document incorporated by reference reflects our current views with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, operating results, growth strategy and liquidity. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as to the date when made. We assume no obligation to publicly update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future, except as otherwise required by applicable law. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our reports on Forms 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K filed with the SEC. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risk factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.
iii
This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all the information that you should consider before investing in our Company. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including all documents incorporated by reference herein. In particular, attention should be directed to our “Risk Factors”, “Information With Respect to the Company”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statements and related notes thereto contained herein or otherwise incorporated by reference hereto, before making an investment decision.
As used herein, and any amendment or supplement hereto, unless otherwise indicated, “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” “AIKI” or similar terminology means AIkido Pharma Inc.
Business Overview
AIkido Pharma Inc., formerly known as Spherix Incorporated, was initially formed in 1967 and is currently a biotechnology company with a diverse portfolio of small-molecule anti-cancer therapeutics in development. The Company’s platform consists of patented technology from leading universities and researchers and we are currently in the process of developing an innovative therapeutic drug platform through strong partnerships with world renowned educational institutions, including The University of Texas at Austin, the University of Maryland, Baltimore and Wake Forest University. Our diverse pipeline of therapeutics includes therapies for pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Company is also developing a broad spectrum antiviral platform that may potentially inhibit replication of multiple viruses including Influenza virus, SARS-CoV (coronavirus), MERS-CoV, Ebolavirus and Marburg virus.
The Company previously focused its efforts on owning, developing, acquiring and monetizing intellectual property assets. Since May 2016, the Company has received limited funds from its intellectual property monetization. In addition to its patent monetization efforts, since the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company has been transitioning to focus its efforts as a technology and biotechnology development company. These efforts have focused on biotechnology research and blockchain technology research. The Company’s biotechnology research development includes: (i) an investment in Hoth Therapeutics Inc. (“Hoth”), a development stage biopharmaceutical company focused on unique targeted therapeutics for patients suffering from indications such as atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, (ii) an investment in DatChat, Inc. (“DatChat”), a privately held personal privacy platform focused on encrypted communication, internet security and digital rights management, and (iii) the acquisition of assets of CBM BioPharma, Inc. (“CBM”), a pharmaceutical company focusing on the development of cancer treatments.
As a result of the Company’s biotechnology research development and associated investments and acquisitions, our business portfolio now focuses on the treatment of three different cancers, including pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our AML and ALL compounds, developed at the Wake Forest University, are targeted therapeutics designed to overcome multiple resistance mechanisms observed with the current standard of care. DHA-dFdC, our pancreatic drug candidate developed at the University of Texas at Austin, is a new compound that we hope will become the next generation of chemotherapy treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. DHA-dFdC overcomes tumor cell resistance to current chemotherapeutic drugs and is well tolerated in preclinical toxicity tests. Preclinical studies have also indicated that DHA-dFdC inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth (up to 100,000-fold more potent that gemcitabine, a current standard therapy), has documented efficacy against pancreatic tumors in a clinically relevant transgenic mouse model and has demonstrated activities against other cancers, including leukemia, lung and melanoma. In addition, we are constantly seeking to grow our pipe to treat unmet medical needs in oncology.
In addition, the Company owns an exclusive world-wide license to patented technology from the University of Maryland Baltimore (“UMB”). Our license is for a broad spectrum antiviral drug platform. The licensed technology is a broadly acting pan-viral inhibitory compound with efficacy against multiple viral pathogens. The technology works to inhibit replication of multiple viruses including Influenza virus, SARS-CoV (coronavirus), MERS-CoV, Ebolavirus and Marburg virus. The technology is covered by two patent applications already on file with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The UMB inventors are Drs. Matthew Frieman, Alexander MacKerell and Stuart Watson. The Company has also executed a Sponsored Research Agreement with UMB to support the development of the technology.
Our Products and Services
The acquisition of the CBM assets has transformed the Company into an innovative pharmaceutical company dedicated to translating fundamental biological insights into new drugs and treatments that address unmet medical needs. Our drug platform focuses on the treatment of three cancers, including pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Our Drug Platform
DHA-dFdC 4-(N)-Docosahexaenoyl 2´, 2´-Difluorodeoxycytidine, referred to as DHA-dFdC, is patented technology licensed to the Company from the University of Texas at Austin. DHA-dFdC is a new compound poised to become the next generation of second-line chemotherapy treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. DHA-dFdC overcomes tumor cell resistance to current chemotherapeutic drugs and is well tolerated in preclinical toxicity tests. Preclinical studies have also indicated that DHA-dFdC inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth (up to 100,000-fold more potent that gemcitabine, a current standard therapy (for example, the IC50 value of DHA-dFdC is more than 100,000-fold smaller than gemcitabine), has documented efficacy against pancreatic tumors in a clinically relevant transgenic mouse model and has demonstrated activities against other cancer cell lines, including leukemia, lung and melanoma. Our AML and ALL compounds, developed at the Wake Forest University and called KPC34, are next generation targeted therapeutics designed to overcome multiple resistance mechanisms observed with the current standard of care. Combined, the Company’s drug platform offers a robust drug pipeline focused on the development and commercialization of drugs to treat unmet medical needs in oncology. In addition, we are constantly seeking to grow our pipeline to treat unmet medical needs in oncology.
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Background*
Pancreatic cancer is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, surpassing breast cancer. It is expected to become the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States by the year 2020, surpassing colorectal cancer. In fact, pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality rate of all major cancers. Approximately 91% of pancreatic cancer patients will die within five years of diagnosis, only 8% will survive more than five years and 74% of patients die within the first year of diagnosis.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the few cancers for which survival has not improved substantially over nearly 40 years. Treatment options for pancreatic cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, which extend survival or relieve symptoms, but seldom produce a cure. Surgical removal of the tumor is possible in less than 20% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer because detection is often in late stages and has spread beyond the pancreas. The current state of the art chemotherapy treatment is gemcitabine, Folfirinox cocktail or gemcitabine in combination with Abraxane.
* | Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research |
The University of Texas at Austin has identified a new drug, DHA-dFdC, that has shown positive results in preclinical studies, inhibiting pancreatic tumor growth in clinically relevant transgenic mouse models. In preclinical studies, DHA-dFdC has:
● | inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth (up to 100,000-fold more potent that gemcitabine, a current standard therapy); |
● | has documented efficacy against pancreatic tumors in a clinically relevant transgenic mouse model; |
● | has overcome tumor cell resistance to current chemotherapeutic drugs; |
● | is well tolerated in preclinical toxicity test; |
● | has demonstrated activities against other cancers (e.g. leukemia, lung, melanoma); and |
● | may stimulate immunogenic cell death to activate host antitumor immunity. |
Gem-DHA Technology Summary
Gem-DHA is a conjugate molecule containing gemcitabine linked to a fatty acid called docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The structure is:
The DHA structure is illustrated above the dashed line in the graphic above and the gemcitabine structure is illustrated below the dashed line. The DHA patent states that Gem-DHA was more effective than gemcitabine alone in killing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in a certain mouse model. The patent also states that conjugation of gemcitabine with fatty acids other than DHA did not increase effectiveness over gemcitabine.
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Gem-DHA Published Data
The science behind Gem-DHA has been published in the following peer-reviewed scientific journals:
● | Naguib et al. (2016) Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluations of 4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2 ́, 2 ́- difluorodeoxycytidine with potent and broad-spectrum antitumor activity, NeoPlasia 18: 33-48. |
● | Valdes et al. (2017) Preclinical evaluation of the short-term toxicity of 4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2 ́, 2 ́- difluorodeoxycytidine (DHA-dFdC), Pharm. Res. 34: 1224-1232. |
● | Valdes et al. (2019) A solid lipid nanoparticle formulation of 4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2 ́, 2 ́- difluorodeoxycytidine with increased solubility, stability, and antitumor activity, Int. J. Pharm. 570:118609 |
The portions of the published data state the following:
● | The drug unexpectedly concentrates itself in the pancreas relative to other organs. |
● | It significantly increases the lifespan of mice with pancreatic cancer in either mice predisposed to develop the cancer, or into which human pancreatic cancer has been injected. |
● | It significantly decreases the growth of pancreatic tumors in mice, better than gemcitabine, the current standard of care. |
● | An oral formulation using lipid nanoparticles is highly effective and stable and has outstanding bioavailability. |
Gem-DHA Patent Coverage
Gem-DHA has one issued patent on the drug itself and one application on the oral formulation, as listed in the following table:
Number | Priority | Expiration | Title | |||
App. Serial No. 16/576,127, filed 9/19/2019 as continuation of App. Serial No. 15/115,393, filed 1/29/2015 | 1/29/2014 | N/A | Nucleobase Analogue Derivatives and Their Applications | |||
U.S. Patent No. 10,463,684, issued 11/5/2019 from App. Serial No. 15/115,393, filed 1/29/2015 | 1/29/2014 | 10/7/2035 | Nucleobase Analogue Derivatives and Their Applications | |||
Provisional App. Serial No. 62/858,114, filed 6/6/2019 | 6/6/2019 | N/A | Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Pharmaceutical and/or Nutraceutical agents and methods thereof |
All of this technology has been exclusively licensed to the Company for commercial development.
AML & ALL Cancer
Our AML and ALL compounds, developed at the Wake Forest University and called KPC34, are next generation targeted therapeutics designed to overcome multiple resistance mechanisms observed with the current standard of care.
Background
Approximately 70% of all AML patients are over the age of 60 and only 6.6% of patients are still alive 5 years after diagnosis. Gemcitabine and Cytarabine are the backbone of AML and ALL therapy, but life expectancy is poor and relapses are much harder to treat.
Cytarabine (Ara-C) has been a major drug for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment for more than three decades, but KPC34 has shown superior results when tested against Cytarabine.
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KPC34 Technology Summary
KPC34, a conjugate molecule made of a gemcitabine molecule linked to a phospholipid, has the following structure:
Picture in the illustration above, to the left of the dashed line is the phospholipid portion and to the right of the dashed line is gemcitabine.
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug used to treat a wide array of cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and bladder cancer. The drug interferes with DNA and its function of the phospholipid to which the gemcitabine is linked in KPC34, is to inhibit protein kinase C-type enzymes, which are involved in multiple signaling pathways in leukemia.
The strategy behind targeting both DNA synthesis and protein kinase C with one molecule is to double-target different mechanisms of action in leukemia cells and greatly reduce the possibility of development of resistance to the drug.
KPC34 is intended to treat the relatively small population of patients with AML and acute ALL. In 2019, an estimated 21,450 people of all ages (11,650 men and boys and 9,800 women and girls) in the United States will be diagnosed with AML. AML is the second most common type of leukemia diagnosed in adults and children, but most cases occur in adults. AML makes up 32% of all adult leukemia cases (source: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/leukemia-acute-myeloid-aml/statistics). In 2019, an estimated 5,930 people of all ages (3,280 men and boys and 2,650 women and girls) in the United States were diagnosed with ALL (source: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/leukemia-acute-lymphocytic-all/statistics).
The drug is intended for oral application, unlike standard chemotherapy drugs, which are given by injection.
Because of the low patient population, and the imminent expiration of the patent, FDA orphan drug status will be sought, which provides expedited review and seven years of exclusivity from approval of the new drug application.
Preliminary data from preclinical studies at Wake Forest on the drug includes the following results:
● | kills leukemia cells in vitro; |
● | inhibits protein kinase C in biochemical assays; |
● | has efficacy against ALL in a mouse model when given orally; |
● | has efficacy against central nervous system leukemia in a mouse model when given orally; |
● | has efficacy against AML exhibiting phosphorylated protein kinase C in a mouse model when given orally; |
● | based on the mouse models, Wake Forest claims KPC34 exhibited efficacy superior to gemcitabine alone or cytarabine (another chemo drug) alone; and |
● | KPC34 also appears to overcome resistance to gemcitabine; it is effective against gemcitabine-resistant cancer. |
The technology licensed is much broader than KPC34 represents, and includes both anticancer and antiviral conjugates, and could include a much broader range of indications, but we have no such drug candidates in development other than KPC34.
KPC34 Patent Coverage
The KPC34 license includes five issued patents, but only one of them covers KPC34. The patent is US7309696, entitled “Compositions and methods for targeting cancer cells.” It expires on August 11, 2021. All five of the licensed patents will expire by late 2022.
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Licenses
On April 12, 2018, CBM entered into a patent license agreement (the “UT Agreement”) with the University of Texas at Austin on behalf of the Board of Regents of the University of Texas System. The UT Agreement granted to CBM an exclusive, royalty-bearing license to certain patent applications related to nucleobase analogue derivatives and their applications, and specifically to the DHA-dFdC drug candidate. On November 13, 2019, the University of Texas at Austin, the Company and CBM entered into an assignment of agreement, whereby CBM assigned all of its rights, title and interest to, and obligations under the UT Agreement to the Company.
On April 17, 2018, CBM entered into a license agreement (the “WF Agreement”) with Wake Forest University Health Sciences (“WF”). The WF Agreement granted to CBM an exclusive, royalty-bearing license to WF’s and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s patents relating to the KPC34 drug candidate. On November 13, 2019, WF, the Company and CBM entered into an assignment of agreement, whereby CBM assigned all of its rights, title and interest to, and obligations under the WF Agreement to the Company.
On April 13, 2020, the Company executed a Master License Agreement (the “UMB License Agreement”) with UMB. The UMB License Agreement covers certain antiviral compounds discovered by UMB. The compounds seek to inhibit replication of multiple viruses, including Influenza virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebolavirus and Marburg virus. The technology is covered by two patent applications already on file with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The UMB inventors are Drs. Matthew Frieman, Alexander MacKerell and Stuart Watson.
Commercialization
Our business success with our drug portfolio depends not only on the successful development and approval of the products but also on the commercialization. At present, our plan anticipates us making the investments necessary to build an in-house marketing and sales capability for the U.S. market for our drug pipeline, or to partner with a larger drug development company to commercialize our drugs as they move through the FDA approval process. As our drug compounds make their way through clinical development in the U.S., we intend to approach pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies outside the U.S. to negotiate and enter into strategic partnerships that will enable development and commercialization of our platform outside the U.S., where we believe the market opportunity is larger than that of the U.S. albeit far more complex to reach. We have no operations outside the U.S., nor are we planning to have any non-U.S. operations.
Manufacturing and Supply
We do not have any manufacturing capabilities and therefore we will have to engage a third party to assist in manufacturing. Such manufacturing will need to be done in accordance with good manufacturing practice requirements (“cGMP”) regulations, to formulate and manufacture our product candidates. A list of third party manufacturers is currently being developed.
Government Regulation
Governmental authorities in the U.S. and other countries extensively regulate the research, development, testing, manufacture, labeling, promotion, advertising, distribution and marketing of pharmaceutical products such as those being developed by us. In the U.S., the FDA regulates such products under the FDCA and implements related regulations. Failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements, both before and after approval, may subject us to administrative and judicial sanctions, such as a delay in approving or refusal by the FDA to approve pending applications, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions and/or criminal prosecution.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulation
United States Drug Development
In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs, medical devices and combinations of drugs and devices, or combination products, under the FDCA and its implementing regulations. Drugs are also subject to other federal, state and local statutes and regulations. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and the subsequent compliance with appropriate federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with the applicable U.S. requirements at any time during the product development process, approval process or after approval, may subject an applicant to administrative or judicial sanctions. These sanctions could include, among other actions, the FDA’s refusal to approve pending applications, withdrawal of an approval, a clinical hold, untitled or warning letters, requests for voluntary product recalls or withdrawals from the market, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution injunctions, fines, refusals of government contracts, restitution, disgorgement, or civil or criminal penalties. Any agency or judicial enforcement action could have a material adverse effect on us.
The process required by the FDA before a drug may be marketed in the United States generally involves the following:
● | completion of extensive pre-clinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies in accordance with applicable regulations, including the FDA’s Good Laboratory Practice regulations; |
● | submission to the FDA of an IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin; |
● | performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials in accordance with an applicable IND and other clinical study related regulations, sometimes referred to as good clinical practices, or GCPs, to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug for its proposed indication; |
● | submission to the FDA of an NDA; |
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● | satisfactory completion of an FDA pre-approval inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the product, or components thereof, are produced to assess compliance with the FDA’s cGMP requirements; |
● | potential FDA audit of the clinical trial sites that generated the data in support of the NDA; and |
● | FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing or sale. |
Once a pharmaceutical product candidate is identified for development, it enters the pre-clinical testing stage. Pre-clinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, toxicity, formulation and stability, as well as animal studies. An IND sponsor must submit the results of the pre-clinical tests, together with manufacturing information, analytical data and any available clinical data or literature, to the FDA as part of the IND. The sponsor must also include a protocol detailing, among other things, the objectives of the initial clinical trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated if the initial clinical trial lends itself to an efficacy evaluation. Some pre-clinical testing may continue even after the IND is submitted. The IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA raises concerns or questions related to a proposed clinical trial and places the trial on a clinical hold within that 30-day period. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the clinical trial can begin. Clinical holds also may be imposed by the FDA at any time before or during clinical trials due to safety concerns or non-compliance, and may be imposed on all drug products within a certain class of drugs. The FDA also can impose partial clinical holds, for example, prohibiting the initiation of clinical trials of a certain duration or for a certain dose.
All clinical trials must be conducted under the supervision of one or more qualified investigators in accordance with GCP regulations. These regulations include the requirement that all research subjects provide informed consent in writing before their participation in any clinical trial. Further, an IRB must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at any institution, and the IRB must conduct continuing review and reapprove the study at least annually. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks to individuals participating in the clinical trial are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the information regarding the clinical trial and the consent form that must be provided to each clinical trial subject or his or her legal representative and must monitor the clinical trial until completed.
Each new clinical protocol and any amendments to the protocol must be submitted for FDA review, and to the IRBs for approval. Protocols detail, among other things, the objectives of the clinical trial, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitor subject safety.
Human clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases that may overlap or be combined:
● | Phase 1. The product is initially introduced into a small number of healthy human subjects or patients and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion and, if possible, to gain early evidence on effectiveness. In the case of some products for severe or life-threatening diseases, especially when the product is suspected or known to be unavoidably toxic, the initial human testing may be conducted in patients. |
● | Phase 2. Involves clinical trials in a limited patient population to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the product for specific targeted diseases and to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage and schedule. |
● | Phase 3. Clinical trials are undertaken to further evaluate dosage, clinical efficacy and safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites. These clinical trials are intended to establish the overall risk/benefit relationship of the product and provide an adequate basis for product labeling. |
Post-approval trials, sometimes referred to as Phase 4 clinical trials, may be conducted after initial marketing approval. These studies are used to gain additional experience from the treatment of patients in the intended therapeutic indication. In certain instances, the FDA may mandate the performance of Phase 4 trials. Companies that conduct certain clinical trials also are required to register them and post the results of completed clinical trials on a government-sponsored database, such as ClinicalTrials.gov in the United States, within certain timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.
Progress reports detailing the results of the clinical trials, among other information, must be submitted at least annually to the FDA, and written IND safety reports must be submitted to the FDA and the investigators for serious and unexpected adverse events, findings from other studies that suggest a significant risk to humans exposed to the product, findings from animal or in vitro testing that suggest a significant risk to human subjects, and any clinically important increase in the rate of a serious suspected adverse reaction over that listed in the protocol or investigator brochure. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials may not be completed successfully within any specified period, if at all. The FDA or the clinical trial sponsor may suspend or terminate a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Similarly, an IRB can suspend or terminate approval of a clinical trial at its institution if the clinical trial is not being conducted in accordance with the IRB’s requirements or if the product has been associated with unexpected serious harm to patients. Additionally, some clinical trials are overseen by an independent group of qualified experts organized by the clinical trial sponsor, known as a data safety monitoring board or committee. This group provides authorization for whether a trial may move forward at designated check points based on access to certain data from the study. The clinical trial sponsor may also suspend or terminate a clinical trial based on evolving business objectives and/or competitive climate.
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Concurrent with clinical trials, companies usually complete additional animal studies and must also develop additional information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the product and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in commercial quantities in accordance with cGMP requirements. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the product candidate and, among other things, the manufacturer must develop methods for testing the identity, strength, quality and purity of the final product. Additionally, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that the product candidate does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life.
NDA and FDA Review Process
The results of product development, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, along with descriptions of the manufacturing process, analytical tests conducted on the drug, proposed labeling and other relevant information, are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA for a new drug, requesting approval to market the product. The submission of an NDA is subject to the payment of a substantial user fee, and the sponsor of an approved NDA is also subject to an annual program user fee; although a waiver of such fee may be obtained under certain limited circumstances. For example, the agency will waive the application fee for the first human drug application that a small business or its affiliate submits for review.
The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing and may request additional information rather than accepting an NDA for filing. The FDA typically makes a decision on accepting an NDA for filing within 60 days of receipt. The decision to accept the NDA for filing means that the FDA has made a threshold determination that the application is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. Under the goals and policies agreed to by the FDA under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (“PDUFA”), the FDA’s goal to complete its substantive review of a standard NDA and respond to the applicant is ten months from the receipt of the NDA. The FDA does not always meet its PDUFA goal dates, and the review process is often significantly extended by FDA requests for additional information or clarification and may go through multiple review cycles.
After the NDA submission is accepted for filing, the FDA reviews the NDA to determine, among other things, whether the proposed product is safe and effective for its intended use, and whether the product is being manufactured in accordance with cGMPs to assure and preserve the product’s identity, strength, quality and purity. The FDA may refer applications for novel drug products or drug products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy to an advisory committee, typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review, evaluation and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendations of an advisory committee, but it considers such recommendations carefully when making decisions. The FDA will likely re-analyze the clinical trial data, which could result in extensive discussions between the FDA and us during the review process. The review and evaluation of an NDA by the FDA is extensive and time consuming and may take longer than originally planned to complete, and we may not receive a timely approval, if at all.
Before approving an NDA, the FDA will conduct a pre-approval inspection of the manufacturing facilities for the new product to determine whether they comply with cGMPs. The FDA will not approve the product unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications. In addition, before approving an NDA, the FDA may also audit data from clinical trials to ensure compliance with GCP requirements. After the FDA evaluates the application, manufacturing process and manufacturing facilities, it may issue an approval letter or a Complete Response Letter. An approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. A Complete Response Letter indicates that the review cycle of the application is complete and the application will not be approved in its present form. A Complete Response Letter usually describes all the specific deficiencies in the NDA identified by the FDA. The Complete Response Letter may require additional clinical data and/or an additional pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial(s), and/or other significant and time-consuming requirements related to clinical trials, nonclinical studies or manufacturing. If a Complete Response Letter is issued, the applicant may either resubmit the NDA, addressing all the deficiencies identified in the letter, or withdraw the application. Even if such data and information are submitted, the FDA may ultimately decide that the NDA does not satisfy the criteria for approval. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive, and the FDA may interpret data differently than we interpret the same data.
There is no assurance that the FDA will ultimately approve a product for marketing in the United States, and we may encounter significant difficulties or costs during the review process. If a product receives marketing approval, the approval may be significantly limited to specific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. Further, the FDA may require that certain contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling or may condition the approval of the NDA on other changes to the proposed labeling, development of adequate controls and specifications, or a commitment to conduct post-market testing or clinical trials and surveillance to monitor the effects of approved products. For example, the FDA may require Phase 4 clinical trials to further assess drug safety and effectiveness and may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products that have been commercialized. The FDA may also place other conditions on approvals, including the requirement for a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (“REMS”), to assure the safe use of the drug. If the FDA concludes a REMS is needed, the sponsor of the NDA must submit a proposed REMS; the FDA will not approve the NDA without an approved REMS, if required. A REMS could include medication guides, physician communication plans, or elements to assure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries and other risk minimization tools. Any of these limitations on approval or marketing could restrict the commercial promotion, distribution, prescription or dispensing of products. Product approvals may be withdrawn for non-compliance with regulatory requirements or if problems occur following initial marketing.
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Reimbursement
Potential sales of any of our product candidates, if approved, will depend, at least in part, on the extent to which such products will be covered by third-party payors, such as government health care programs, commercial insurance and managed healthcare organizations. These third-party payors are increasingly limiting coverage and/or reducing reimbursements for medical products and services. A third-party payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drug product does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Further, one payor’s determination to provide coverage for a drug product does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage for the drug product. In addition, the U.S. government, state legislatures and foreign governments have continued implementing cost-containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on reimbursement and requirements for substitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost-containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existing controls and measures, could further limit our future revenues and results of operations. Decreases in third-party reimbursement or a decision by a third-party payor to not cover a product candidate, if approved, or any future approved products could reduce physician usage of our products, and have a material adverse effect on our sales, results of operations and financial condition.
In the United States, the Medicare Part D program provides a voluntary outpatient drug benefit to Medicare beneficiaries for certain products. We do not know whether our product candidates, if approved, will be eligible for coverage under Medicare Part D, but individual Medicare Part D plans offer coverage subject to various factors such as those described above. Furthermore, private payors often follow Medicare coverage policies and payment limitations in setting their own coverage policies.
Pediatric Exclusivity and Pediatric Use
The Pediatric Research Equity Act, or PREA, requires a sponsor to conduct pediatric studies for most drugs and biologics, for a new active ingredient, new indication, new dosage form, new dosing regimen or new route of administration. Under PREA, original NDAs, biologics license applications and supplements thereto, must contain a pediatric assessment unless the sponsor has received a deferral or waiver. Unless otherwise required by regulation, PREA does not apply to any drug for an indication for which an orphan drug designation has been granted. The required assessment must assess the safety and effectiveness of the product for the claimed indications in all relevant pediatric subpopulations and support dosing and administration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the product is safe and effective. The sponsor or FDA may request a deferral of pediatric studies for some or all of the pediatric subpopulations. A deferral may be granted for several reasons, including a finding that the drug or biologic is ready for approval for use in adults before pediatric studies are complete or that additional safety or effectiveness data needs to be collected before the pediatric studies begin.
Pediatric exclusivity is another type of non-patent marketing exclusivity in the United States and, if granted, provides for the attachment of an additional six months of marketing protection to the term of any existing regulatory exclusivity, including the non-patent and orphan exclusivity. This six-month exclusivity may be granted if an NDA sponsor submits pediatric data that fairly respond to a written request from the FDA for such data. The data does not need to show the product to be effective in the pediatric population studied; rather, if the clinical trial is deemed to fairly respond to the FDA’s request, the additional protection is granted. If reports of requested pediatric studies are submitted to and accepted by the FDA within the statutory time limits, whatever statutory or regulatory periods of exclusivity or patent protection cover the product are extended by six months.
Healthcare Laws and Regulations
Sales of our product candidates, if approved, or any other future product candidate will be subject to healthcare regulation and enforcement by the federal government and the states and foreign governments in which we might conduct our business. The healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate include the following:
● | The federal Anti-Kickback Statute makes it illegal for any person or entity to knowingly and willfully, directly or indirectly, solicit, receive, offer, or pay any remuneration that is in exchange for or to induce the referral of business, including the purchase, order, lease of any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program, such as Medicare or Medicaid. The term “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value. | |
● | Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, prohibits, among other things, any person or entity from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, for payment to, or approval by, federal programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, claims for items or services, including drugs, that are false or fraudulent. | |
● | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit among other actions, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private third-party payors or making any false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. |
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● | HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 and their implementing regulations, impose obligations on certain types of individuals and entities regarding the electronic exchange of information in common healthcare transactions, as well as standards relating to the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information. | |
● | The federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act requires certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, to report annually to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services information related to payments or other transfers of value made to physicians and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. |
Also, many states have similar laws and regulations, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws that may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs. Additionally, we may be subject to state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the federal government’s and/or pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines, state laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures, as well as state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of health information, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA.
Additionally, to the extent that our product is sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.
Risks Associated with Our Business
Our business is subject to many significant risks, as more fully described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” immediately following this prospectus summary. You should read and carefully consider these risks, together with the risks set forth under the section entitled “Risk Factors” and all of the other information in this prospectus, including the financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. If any of the risks discussed in this prospectus actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially and adversely affected. In particular, our risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
● | failure to obtain FDA approval to commercially sell our product candidates in a timely manner or at all; |
● | whether surgeons and patients in our target markets accept our product candidates, if approved; |
● | our ability to retain and recruit key personnel; |
● | reliance on third party suppliers for certain components of our product candidates; |
● | unanticipated working capital or other cash requirements; |
● | changes in FDA regulations, including testing procedures, of medical devices; |
● | our estimates of our expenses, ongoing losses, future revenue, capital requirements and our needs for, or ability to obtain, additional financing; |
● | our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates; and |
● | changes in our business strategy or an inability to execute our strategy due to unanticipated changes in the medical device industry. |
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Delaware on May 1, 1992. Our principal executive offices are located at One Rockefeller Plaza, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10020, and our telephone number is (703) 992-9325. Our corporate website address is www.aikidopharma.com. The information contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.
Our common stock trades on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”.
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Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with the other risk factors we describe in any prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus for a specific offering of securities, as well as those incorporated by reference into this prospectus or such prospectus supplement. You should also carefully consider other information contained and incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, including our financial statements and the related notes thereto incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The risks and uncertainties described in the applicable prospectus supplement and our other filings with the SEC incorporated by reference herein are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial may also adversely affect us. If any of the described risks occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially harmed. In such case, the value of our securities could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
Because we have a limited operating history to evaluate our company, the likelihood of our success must be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays frequently encountered by an early-stage company.
Since we have a limited operating history in our current business of technology and biotechnology development, it will make it difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate our business and prospects. You must consider our prospects in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties we face as an early stage company with a limited operating history. Investors should evaluate an investment in our securities in light of the uncertainties encountered by early stage companies in an intensely competitive industry. There can be no assurance that our efforts will be successful or that we will be able to become profitable.
Our cancer treatment business is pre-revenue, pre-development and subject to the risks of an early stage biotechnology company.
Since the Company’s primary focus for the foreseeable future will likely be our cancer treatment business, shareholders should understand that we are primarily an early stage biotechnology company with no history of revenue-generating operations, and our only assets consist of our proprietary drug and the know-how of our officers. Therefore we are subject to all the risks and uncertainties inherent in a new business, in particular new businesses engaged in the early detection of certain cancers. DHA-dFdC is in its early stages of development, and we still must establish and implement many important functions necessary to commercialize the biotechnology.
Accordingly, you should consider the Company’s prospects in light of the costs, uncertainties, delays and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in their pre-revenue and pre-development generating stages, particularly those in the biotechnology field. Shareholders should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties that a business with no operating history will face. In particular, shareholders should consider that there is a significant risk that we will not be able to:
● | demonstrate the effectiveness of DHA-dFdC; |
● | implement or execute our current business plan, or that our current business plan is sound; |
● | raise sufficient funds in the capital markets or otherwise to fully effectuate our business plan; |
● | maintain our management team; |
● | conduct the required clinical studies; |
● | determine that the processes and technologies that we have developed or will develop are commercially viable; and/or |
● | attract, enter into or maintain contracts with potential commercial partners such as licensors of technology and suppliers. |
Any of the foregoing risks may adversely affect the Company and result in the failure of our business. In addition, we expect to encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other known and unknown factors. At some point, we will need to transition from a company with a research and development focus to a company capable of supporting commercial activities. We may not be able to reach such achievements, which would have a material adverse effect on our Company.
We continue to incur operating losses and may not achieve profitability.
Our loss from operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $5.7 million and $6.9 million, respectively. Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $4.2 million and our net income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $2.0 million. Our accumulated deficit was $144.3 million at December 31, 2019. We recognized $9,000 and $28,000 in revenue in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our ability to become profitable depends upon our ability to generate revenue from biotechnology products. We do not know when, or if, we will generate any revenue from such biotechnology products. Even though our revenue may increase, we expect to incur significant additional losses while we grow and expand our business. We cannot predict if and when we will achieve profitability. Our failure to achieve and sustain profitability could negatively impact the market price of our common stock.
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We expect to need additional capital to fund our growing operations and if we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, we may be forced to limit the scope of our operations.
We expect that for our business to grow we will need additional working capital. If adequate additional debt and/or equity financing is not available on reasonable terms or at all, we may not be able to continue to expand our business or pay our outstanding obligations, and we will have to modify our business plans accordingly. These factors would have a material adverse effect on our future operating results and our financial condition.
If we reach a point where we are unable to raise needed additional funds to continue as a going concern, we will be forced to cease our activities and dissolve the Company. In such an event, we will need to satisfy various creditors and other claimants, severance, lease termination and other dissolution-related obligations and we may not have sufficient funds to pay to our stockholders.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud and our business may be harmed and our stock price may be adversely impacted.
Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and to effectively prevent fraud. Any inability to provide reliable financial reports or to prevent fraud could harm our business. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires management to evaluate and assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In order to continue to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we are required to continuously evaluate and, where appropriate, enhance our policies, procedures and internal controls. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting, we could be subject to litigation or regulatory scrutiny and investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports. We cannot assure you that in the future we will be able to fully comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or that management will conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. If we fail to fully comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our business may be harmed and our stock price may decline.
Our assessment, testing and evaluation of the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting resulted in our conclusion that, as of December 31, 2019, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective, due to our lack of segregation of duties, and lack of controls in place to ensure that all material transactions and developments impacting the financial statements are reflected. We can provide no assurance as to conclusions of management with respect to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in the future.
Our independent auditors have expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Due to our net losses, negative cash flow and negative working capital, in their report on our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, our independent auditors included an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We may seek to internally develop additional new inventions and intellectual property, which would take time and be costly. Moreover, the failure to obtain or maintain intellectual property rights for such inventions would lead to the loss of our investments in such activities.
Part of our business may include the internal development of new inventions or intellectual property that we will seek to monetize. For example, in December 2019, we acquired substantially all of the assets of CBM, including the acquisition of certain licensing rights with respect to patents and other intellectual property related to pioneering drug compounds that were developed at the University of Wake Forest and the University of Texas at Austin, in the areas of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acral lentiginous melanoma and pancreatic cancer (collectively, the “University Developments”). Should we choose to assist in the development of the University Developments and/or internally develop any other inventions or intellectual property, such aspect of our business will require significant capital and will take time to achieve. Such activities may also distract our management team from its present business initiatives, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business. There is also the risk that our initiatives in this regard would not yield any viable new inventions or technology, which would lead to a loss of our investments in time and resources in such activities.
Our ability to raise additional capital may be adversely affected by certain of our agreements.
Our ability to raise additional capital for use in our operating activities may be adversely impacted by the terms of a securities purchase agreement, dated as of July 15, 2015 (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), between us and the investors who purchased securities in our July 2015 offering of our common stock and warrants for the purchase of our common stock. The Securities Purchase Agreement provides that, until the warrants issued thereunder are no longer outstanding, we will not effect or enter into a variable rate transaction, which includes issuances of securities whose prices or conversion prices may vary with the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of our common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such securities, as well as the entry into agreements where our stock would be issued at a future-determined price. These warrants may remain outstanding as late as January 22, 2021, when the warrants expire in accordance with their terms. These restrictions may have an adverse impact on our ability to raise additional capital, or to use our cash to make certain payments that we are contractually obligated to make.
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We may also identify targets with patent or other intellectual property assets that cost more than we are prepared to spend with our own capital resources. We may incur significant costs to organize and negotiate a structured acquisition that does not ultimately result in an acquisition of any patent assets or, if consummated, proves to be unprofitable for us. Acquisitions involving issuance of our securities could be dilutive to existing stockholders and could be at prices lower than those prices reflected in the trading markets. These higher costs could adversely affect our operating results and, if we incur losses, the value of our securities will decline. The integration of acquired assets may place a significant burden on management and our internal resources. The diversion of management attention and any difficulties encountered in the integration process could harm our business.
As we are targeting technology companies in the development stage, their patents and technologies are in the early stages of adoption. Demand for some of these technologies will likely be untested and may be subject to fluctuation based upon the rate at which our licensees or others adopt our patents and technologies in their products and services. As a result, there can be no assurance as to whether technologies we acquire or develop will have value that can be realized through licensing or other activities.
We are exploring and evaluating strategic alternatives and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in identifying, or completing any strategic alternative or that any such strategic alternative will yield additional value for shareholders.
Our management and board of directors (“Board of Directors”) has commenced a review of strategic alternatives which could result in, among other things, a sale, a merger, consolidation or business combination, asset divestiture, partnering or other collaboration agreements, or potential acquisitions or recapitalizations, in one or more transactions, or continuing to operate with our current business plan and strategy. There can be no assurance that the exploration of strategic alternatives will result in the identification or consummation of any transaction. In addition, we may incur substantial expenses associated with identifying and evaluating potential strategic alternatives. The process of exploring strategic alternatives may be time consuming and disruptive to our business operations and if we are unable to effectively manage the process, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We also cannot assure you that any potential transaction or other strategic alternative, if identified, evaluated and consummated, will provide greater value to our shareholders than that reflected in the current stock price. Any potential transaction would be dependent upon a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including, among other factors, market conditions, industry trends, the interest of third parties in our business and the availability of financing to potential buyers on reasonable terms.
We may be unsuccessful at integrating future acquisitions.
If we find appropriate opportunities in the future, we may acquire businesses to strategically increase the number of patents in our portfolio and pursue monetization. For example, in December 2019, we acquired substantially all of the assets of CBM, including the acquisition of certain licensing rights with respect to patents and other intellectual property related to pioneering drug compounds that were developed at the University of Wake Forest and the University of Texas at Austin, in the areas of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acral lentiginous melanoma and pancreatic cancer. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to successfully integrate the business or assets of CBM into the Company.
As we acquire businesses or substantial stakes in certain businesses, the process of integration may produce unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures, fail to result in expected synergies or other benefits and absorb significant attention of our management that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development of our business. In addition, in the event of any future acquisitions, we may record a portion of the assets we acquire as goodwill, other indefinite-lived intangible assets or finite-lived intangible assets. We do not amortize goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, but rather review them for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. The recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets is dependent on our ability to generate sufficient future earnings and cash flows. Changes in estimates, circumstances or conditions, resulting from both internal and external factors, could have a significant impact on our fair valuation determination, which could then have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to identify suitable acquisition opportunities, consummate any pending or future acquisitions or that we will realize any anticipated benefits from any such acquisitions.
Our pre-CBM acquisition stockholders have a reduced ownership and voting interest after the acquisition of CBM’s assets and exercise less influence over our management and policies than they did prior to the acquisition.
Our pre-acquisition stockholders had the right to vote in the election of our Board of Directors on other matters affecting us. As a result of the CBM Purchase Agreement, because of the issuance of shares of common stock to the CBM shareholders, our pre-acquisition stockholders hold a percentage ownership of the Company that is much smaller than the pre-acquisition stockholder’s previous percentage ownership. Because of this, our pre-acquisition stockholders have less influence over the management and policies of the Company than they now have after the consummation of the acquisition of CBM’s assets.
Any failure to maintain or protect our patent assets or other intellectual property rights could significantly impair our return on investment from such assets and harm our brand, our business and our operating results.
Our ability to operate our new line of business and compete in the intellectual property market largely depends on the superiority, uniqueness and value of our acquired patent assets and other intellectual property. To protect our proprietary rights, we will rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties, and protective contractual provisions. No assurances can be given that any of the measures we undertake to protect and maintain our assets will have any measure of success.
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We are required to spend significant time and resources to maintain the effectiveness of our assets by paying maintenance fees and making filings with the USPTO. We may acquire patent assets, including patent applications, which require us to spend resources to prosecute the applications with the USPTO prior to issuance of patents. Further, there is a material risk that patent related claims (such as, for example, infringement claims (and/or claims for indemnification resulting therefrom), unenforceability claims, or invalidity claims) will be asserted or prosecuted against us, and such assertions or prosecutions could materially and adversely affect our business.
Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, any of the following or similar occurrences may reduce the value of our intellectual property:
● | our applications for patents, trademarks and copyrights may not be granted and, if granted, may be challenged or invalidated; | |
● | issued trademarks, copyrights, or patents may not provide us with any competitive advantages when compared to potentially infringing other properties; | |
● | our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights may not be effective in preventing misappropriation of our technology; or | |
● | our efforts may not prevent the development and design by others of products or technologies similar to or competitive with, or superior to those we acquire and/or prosecute. |
Moreover, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights in certain foreign countries where we may do business or enforce our patents against infringers in foreign countries. If we fail to maintain, defend or prosecute our patent assets properly, the value of those assets would be reduced or eliminated, and our business would be harmed.
We may be at risk for delay in technology development and other economic repercussions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We may be at risk as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Risks that could affect our business include the duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on the demand for our products; actions by governments, businesses and individuals taken in response to the pandemic; the length of time of the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibility of its reoccurrence; the timing required to develop effective treatments and a vaccine in the event of future outbreaks; the eventual impact of the pandemic and actions taken in response to the pandemic on global and regional economies; and the pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides.
Additionally, New York, where our U.S. operations are based, is currently significantly affected by COVID-19, which led to measures taken by the New York government trying to contain the spread of COVID-19, such as shelter in place, closure of schools and travel restrictions. Additional travel and other restrictions may be put in place to further control the outbreak in U.S. Accordingly, our operation and business have been and will continue to be adversely affected as the results of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The extent to which COVID-19 negatively impacts our business is highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. We believe that the coronavirus outbreak and the measures taken to control it may have a significant negative impact on not only our business, but economic activities globally. The magnitude of this negative effect on the continuity of our business operations in the U.S. remains uncertain. These uncertainties impede our ability to conduct our daily operations and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and as a result affect our stock price and create more volatility.
Risks Related to the Product Development, Regulatory Approval, Manufacturing and Commercialization
We are early in our development efforts and currently have no clinical-stage product candidates. If we are unable to clinically develop and ultimately commercialize DHA-dFdC or other product candidates, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially harmed.
We are early in our development efforts and have no clinical-stage product candidates as of the date of this prospectus. We have the exclusive U.S. rights to develop DHA-dFdC for the treatment of cancer in the licensed field. We are presently planning on filing an IND for DHA-dFdC, and we hope to begin human testing for this indication in 2021, although no assurance can be given that we will be able to achieve this goal.
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Therefore, our ability to generate product or royalty revenues, which we do not expect will occur for several years, if ever, will depend heavily on our ability to develop and eventually commercialize our product candidate. The positive development of our product candidate will depend on several factors, including the following:
● | positive commencement and completion of clinical trials; | |
● | successful preparation of regulatory filings and receipt of marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities; | |
● | obtaining and maintaining patent and trade secret protection and potential regulatory exclusivity for our product candidate and protecting our rights in our intellectual property portfolio; | |
● | launching commercial sales of our product, if and when approved for one or more indications, whether alone or in collaboration with others; | |
● | acceptance of the product for one or more indications, if and when approved, by patients, the medical community and third-party payors; | |
● | protection from generic substitution based upon our own or licensed intellectual property rights; | |
● | effectively competing with other therapies; | |
● | obtaining and maintaining adequate reimbursement from healthcare payors; and | |
● | maintaining a continued acceptable safety profile of our product following approval, if any. |
If we do not achieve one or more of these factors in a timely manner or at all, we could experience significant delays or an inability to clinically develop and commercialize DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer, which would materially harm our business.
If we are unable to convince physicians as to the benefits of DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer, if and when it is approved, we may incur delays or additional expense in our attempt to establish market acceptance.
Use of DHA-dFdC as a cancer therapy will require physicians to be informed regarding the intended benefits of the product for a new indication. The time and cost of such an educational process may be substantial. Inability to carry out this physician education process may adversely affect market acceptance of DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer. We may be unable to timely educate physicians in sufficient numbers regarding our intended application of DHA-dFdC to achieve our marketing plans or to achieve product acceptance. Any delay in physician education or acceptance may materially delay or reduce demand for our product candidate. In addition, we may expend significant funds toward physician education before any acceptance or demand for DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer is created, if at all.
Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process, with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our product candidate.
The risk of failure for product candidates in clinical development is high. It is impossible to predict when our sole product candidate, DHA-dFdC for the treatment of cancer, will prove effective and safe in humans or will receive regulatory approval for the treatment of any disease, the indication for which is licensed to us. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of DHA-dFdC as a cancer therapy, we must conduct one or more clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. Moreover, the outcome of early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval of their products.
We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent our ability to receive marketing approval or commercialize our product candidate, including:
● | regulators or institutional review boards may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site; | |
● | we may experience delays in reaching, or fail to reach, agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trial sites; | |
● | clinical trials of our product candidate may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs, which would be time consuming and costly; | |
● | the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidates may be larger than we anticipate, enrollment in these clinical trials may be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate; |
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● | we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidates for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks; | |
● | regulators or institutional review boards may require that we or our investigators suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including noncompliance with regulatory requirements or a finding that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks; | |
● | the cost of clinical trials may be greater than we anticipate; | |
● | the supply or quality of materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our product candidate may be insufficient or inadequate; | |
● | our product candidate may have undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics, causing us or our investigators, regulators or institutional review boards to suspend or terminate the trials; and | |
● | interactions with other drugs. |
If we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing of our product candidate beyond those that we currently contemplate, if we are unable to complete clinical trials of our product candidates or other testing, if the results of these trials or tests are not positive or are only modestly positive or if there are safety concerns, we may:
● | be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate for one or more indications; | |
● | not obtain marketing approval at all for one or more indications; | |
● | obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as intended or desired (particularly, in our case, for different types of cancer); | |
● | obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or safety warnings; | |
● | be subject to additional post-marketing testing requirements; or | |
● | have the product removed from the market after obtaining marketing approval. |
Our product development costs will also increase if we experience delays in testing or marketing approvals. We do not know which, if any, of our clinical trials will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also could shorten any periods during which we may have the right to commercialize our product candidate or allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do and impair our ability to commercialize our product candidate and may harm our business and results of operations.
If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in any future clinical trials, our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.
We may not be able to initiate or continue future clinical trials for DHA-dFdC or our present or future product candidates if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficient number of eligible patients to participate in these trials as required by the FDA or similar regulatory authorities outside the United States. In addition, some of our competitors have ongoing clinical trials for product candidates that treat the same indications as our product candidate, and patients who would otherwise be eligible for our future clinical trials may instead enroll in clinical trials of our competitors’ product candidates.
Patient enrollment is affected by other factors including:
● | the severity of the disease under investigation; | |
● | the eligibility criteria for the study in question; | |
● | the perceived risks and benefits of the product candidate under study; | |
● | the patient referral practices of physicians; | |
● | the ability to monitor patients adequately during and after treatment; and | |
● | the proximity and availability of clinical trial sites for prospective patients. |
Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for any future clinical trials would result in significant delays and could require us to abandon one or more clinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidate, which would cause the value of our company to decline and otherwise materially and adversely affect our company.
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If serious adverse or unacceptable side effects are identified during the development of our product candidate, we may need to abandon or limit such development, which would adversely affect our company.
If clinical testing of our product candidates results in undesirable side effects or demonstrates characteristics that are unexpected, we may need to abandon such development or limit such development to more narrow uses or subpopulations in which the undesirable side effects or other characteristics are less prevalent, less severe or more acceptable from a risk-benefit perspective. Many compounds that initially showed promise in early stage testing for treating cancer have later been found to cause side effects that prevented further development of the compound.
For the foreseeable future, we expect to expend our limited resources primarily to pursue a particular product candidate, leaving us unable to capitalize on other product candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of clinical and commercial development.
Because we have limited financial and managerial resources, we will focus for the foreseeable future primarily on the clinical development of DHA-dFdC for the treatment of prostate cancer. As a result, we may forego or be unable to pursue opportunities with other product candidates or for indications other than those we intend to pursue that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Our resource allocation decisions may cause us to fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities. Our spending on research and development programs related to DHA-dFdC for the treatment of cancer may not yield any commercially viable therapies. Because of this concentration of our efforts, our business will be particularly subject to significant risk of failure of our one current product candidate.
We expect to rely on collaborations with third parties for key aspects of our business. If we are unable to secure or maintain any of these collaborations, or if these collaborations do not achieve their goals, our business would be adversely affected.
We presently have very limited capabilities for drug development and do not yet have any capability for manufacturing, sales, marketing or distribution. Accordingly, we expect to enter into collaborations with other companies that we believe can provide such capabilities. These collaborations may also provide us with important funding for our development programs.
There is a risk that we may not be able to maintain our current collaboration or to enter into additional collaborations on acceptable terms or at all, which would leave us unable to progress our business plan. We will face significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborators. Our ability to reach a definitive agreement for a collaboration will depend, among other things, upon our assessment of the collaborator’s resources and expertise, the terms and conditions of the proposed collaboration and the proposed collaborator’s evaluation of a number of factors. If we are unable to maintain or reach agreements with suitable collaborators on a timely basis, on acceptable terms, or at all, we may have to curtail the development of our product candidate, reduce or delay its development program, delay its potential commercialization or reduce the scope of any sales or marketing activities, or increase our expenditures and undertake development or commercialization activities at our own expense.
Moreover, even if we are able to maintain and/or enter into such collaborations, such collaborations may pose a number of risks, including the following:
● | collaborators may not perform their obligations as expected; | |
● | disagreements with collaborators, including disagreements over proprietary rights, contract interpretation or the preferred course of development, might cause delays or termination of the research, development or commercialization of our product candidate, might lead to additional responsibilities for us with respect to such product candidate, or might result in litigation or arbitration, any of which would be time-consuming and expensive; | |
● | collaborators could independently develop or be associated with products that compete directly or indirectly with our product candidate; | |
● | collaborators could have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to our arrangements with them; | |
● | should our product candidate achieve regulatory approval, a collaborator with marketing and distribution rights to our product candidate may not commit sufficient resources to the marketing and distribution of such product; | |
● | collaborators may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights or may use our proprietary information in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our intellectual property or proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation; | |
● | collaborators may infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, which may expose us to litigation and potential liability; and | |
● | collaborations may be terminated for the convenience of the collaborator and, if terminated, we could be required to either find alternative collaborators (which we may be unable to do) or raise additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of our product candidate on our own. |
Our business could be materially harmed if any of the foregoing or similar risks comes to pass with respect to our key collaborations.
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Even if any of our product candidates receive marketing approval for any indication, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success.
Even if DHA-dFdC for the treatment of cancer receives marketing approval for any indication, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors and others in the medical community. For example, current cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy are well established in the medical community, and doctors may continue to rely on these treatments. If our product candidate does not achieve an adequate level of acceptance, we may not generate significant product revenues and we may not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of DHA-dFdC for the treatment of cancer, if approved for commercial sale, will depend on a number of factors, including:
● | the efficacy and potential advantages compared to alternative treatments; | |
● | our ability to offer our products for sale at competitive prices; | |
● | the convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments; | |
● | the willingness of the target patient population to try new therapies and of physicians to prescribe these therapies; | |
● | the strength of marketing and distribution support; | |
● | the availability of third-party coverage and adequate reimbursement; | |
● | the prevalence and severity of any side effects; and | |
● | any restrictions on the use of our product together with other medications. |
If we are unable to establish sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we may not be able to commercialize our product candidate if and when it is approved.
We currently do not have a sales or marketing infrastructure. To achieve any level of commercial success for any product for which we have obtained marketing approval, we will need to establish a sales and marketing organization or outsource sales and marketing functions to third parties, and achieve the following:
● | successful preparation of regulatory filings and receipt of marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities; | |
● | obtaining and maintaining patent and trade secret protection and potential regulatory exclusivity for our product candidate and protecting our rights in our intellectual property portfolio; | |
● | launching commercial sales of our product, if and when approved for one or more indications, whether alone or in collaboration with others; | |
● | acceptance of the product for one or more indications, if and when approved, by patients, the medical community and third-party payors; | |
● | protection from generic substitution based upon our own or licensed intellectual property rights; | |
● | effectively competing with other therapies; | |
● | obtaining and maintaining adequate reimbursement from healthcare payors; and | |
● | maintaining a continued acceptable safety profile of our product following approval, if any. |
If we do not achieve one or more of these factors in a timely manner or at all, we could experience significant delays or an inability to clinically develop and commercialize DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer, which would materially harm our business.
In addition, given our current limited financial resources, we are currently focusing our efforts on one key cancer indication, namely prostate cancer. We are thus faced with the risk that DHA-dFdC could be ineffective in addressing this particular cancer indication, and if our efforts to demonstrate the efficacy of DHA-dFdC in prostate cancer are not positive, we may lack the resources to expand our efforts into other cancer indications.
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We face substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing products before or more successfully than we do.
The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We face competition with respect to our current product candidate and will face competition with respect to any product candidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future, from major pharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide. There are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that currently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of products for the treatment of cancer. Potential competitors also include academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations that conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements for research, development, manufacturing and commercialization.
Our commercial opportunity could be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and commercialize products that are safer, more effective, have fewer or less severe side effects, are more convenient or are less expensive than any products that we may develop. Our competitors also may obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for their products more rapidly than we may obtain approval for ours, which could result in our competitors establishing a strong market position before we are able to enter the market.
Many of the companies against which we are competing or against which we may compete in the future have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in research and development, manufacturing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing approved products than we do. Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries may result in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of our competitors. Smaller and other early stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. These third parties compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel, establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs, and we may be unable to effectively compete with these companies for these or other reasons.
Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidates, the products may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third-party reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives, which would harm our business.
The regulations that govern marketing approvals, pricing, coverage and reimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Current and future legislation may significantly change the approval requirements in ways that could involve additional costs and cause delays in obtaining approvals.
Our ability to commercialize any product candidate also will depend in part on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement for our product candidate will be available from government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations. Government authorities and third party payors, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations, decide which medications they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels. A primary trend in the U.S. healthcare industry and elsewhere is cost containment. Government authorities and third party payors have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. Increasingly, third-party payors are requiring that drug companies provide them with predetermined discounts from list prices and are challenging the prices charged for medical products. Coverage and reimbursement may not be available for any product that we commercialize and, even if these are available, the level of reimbursement may not be satisfactory. Reimbursement may affect the demand for, or the price of, any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval. Obtaining and maintaining adequate reimbursement for our products may be difficult. We may be required to conduct expensive pharmacoeconomic studies to justify coverage and reimbursement or the level of reimbursement relative to other therapies. If coverage and adequate reimbursement are not available or reimbursement is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to commercialize any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval.
In addition, there may be significant delays in obtaining reimbursement for newly approved drugs, and coverage may be more limited than the purposes for which the drug is approved by the FDA. Moreover, eligibility for reimbursement does not imply that a drug will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers our costs, including research, development, manufacture, sale and distribution. Interim reimbursement levels for new drugs, if applicable, may also not be sufficient to cover our costs and may not be made permanent. Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use of the drug and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on reimbursement levels already set for lower cost drugs and may be incorporated into existing payments for other services. Net prices for drugs may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payors. Third-party payors often rely upon Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement policies. Our inability to promptly obtain coverage and adequate reimbursement rates from both government-funded and private payors for any approved products that we develop could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, our ability to raise capital needed to commercialize products and our overall financial condition.
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Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and to limit commercialization of any products that we may develop.
We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the testing of DHA-dFdC in human clinical trials and will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any products that we may develop. If we cannot defend ourselves against claims that our product candidate or products caused injuries, we will incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:
● | decreased demand for any product candidates or products that we may develop; | |
● | damage to our reputation and significant negative media attention; | |
● | withdrawal of clinical trial participants; | |
● | significant costs to defend the related litigation; | |
● | substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients; | |
● | loss of revenue; | |
● | reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and | |
● | the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop. |
We currently do not have product liability insurance coverage, which leaves us exposed to any product-related liabilities that we may incur. We may be unable to obtain insurance on reasonable terms or at all. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise.
If we fail to comply with healthcare regulations, we could face substantial enforcement actions, including civil and criminal penalties and our business, operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We could be subject to healthcare fraud and abuse laws and patient privacy laws of both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. The laws include:
● | the federal healthcare program anti-kickback law, which prohibits, among other things, persons from soliciting, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce either the referral of an individual, for an item or service or the purchasing or ordering of a good or service, for which payment may be made under federal healthcare programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs; | |
● | federal false claims laws which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party payers that are false or fraudulent, and which may apply to entities like us which provide coding and billing information to customers; | |
● | the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, which prohibits executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters and which also imposes certain requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information; | |
● | the FDCA which among other things, strictly regulates drug manufacturing and product marketing, prohibits manufacturers from marketing drug proucts for off-label use and regulates the distribution of drug sample; and |
● | state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payer, including commercial insurers, and state laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by federal laws, thus complicating compliance efforts. |
If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. Any penalties, damages, fines, curtailment or restructuring of our operations could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. Although compliance programs can mitigate the risk of investigation and prosecution for violations of these laws, the risks cannot be entirely eliminated. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert management’s attention from the operation of our business. Moreover, achieving and sustaining compliance with applicable federal and state privacy, security and fraud laws may prove costly.
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Members of our management team lack experience in the pharmaceutical field.
Members of our management team lack experience in the pharmaceutical field. This lack of experience may impair our ability to commercialize our pharmaceutical products and attain profitability. We will need to hire or engage managerial personnel with relevant experience in the pharmaceutical field; however, there can be no assurance that such personnel will be available to us or, that once engaged, will be retained by us. Failure to establish and maintain an effective management team with experience in the pharmaceutical field and commercialization of pharmaceuticals products would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The marketing approval process of the FDA is lengthy, time consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if were ultimately are unable to obtain marketing approval for the product candidates we intend to develop, our business will be substantially harmed.
None of the product candidates we intend to develop have gained marketing approval in the U.S. and we cannot guarantee that we will ever have marketable products. Our business is substantially dependent on our ability to complete the development of, obtain marketing approval for, and successfully commercialize our product candidates in a timely manner. We cannot commercialize our product candidates in the United States without first obtaining approval from the FDA to market each product candidate. Our product candidates could fail to receive marketing approval for many reasons.
In addition, the process of seeking regulatory clearance or approval to market the product candidates we intend to develop is expensive and time consuming and, notwithstanding the effort and expense incurred, clearance or approval is never guaranteed. If we are not successful in obtaining timely clearance or approval of our product candidates from the FDA, we may never be able to generate significant revenue and may be forced to cease operations. The FDA process is costly, lengthy and uncertain. Any FDA application filed by the Company will have to be supported by extensive data, including, but not limited to, technical, preclinical, clinical trial, manufacturing and labeling data, to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction the safety and efficacy of the product for its intended use.
Obtaining clearances or approvals from the FDA and from the regulatory agencies in other countries is an expensive and time consuming process and is uncertain as to outcome. The FDA and other agencies could ask us to supplement our submissions, collect non-clinical data, conduct additional clinical trials or engage in other time-consuming actions, or it could simply deny our applications. In addition, even if we obtain an FDA approval or pre-market approvals in other countries, the approval could be revoked or other restrictions imposed if post-market data demonstrates safety issues or lack of effectiveness. We cannot predict with certainty how, or when, the FDA will act. If we are unable to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, our financial condition and cash flow may be adversely affected, and our ability to grow domestically and internationally may be limited. Additionally, even if cleared or approved, the Company’s products may not be approved for the specific indications that are most necessary or desirable for successful commercialization or profitability.
Modifications to our products may require new FDA approvals.
Once a particular product receives FDA approval or clearance, expanded uses or uses in new indications of our products may require additional human clinical trials and new regulatory approvals or clearances, including additional IND and FDA submissions and premarket approvals before we can begin clinical development, and/or prior to marketing and sales. If the FDA requires new clearances or approvals for a particular use or indication, we may be required to conduct additional clinical studies, which would require additional expenditures and harm our operating results. If the products are already being used for these new indications, we may also be subject to significant enforcement actions. Conducting clinical trials and obtaining clearances and approvals can be a time consuming process, and delays in obtaining required future clearances or approvals could adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would harm our future growth.
Additional delays to the completion of clinical studies may result from modifications being made to the protocol during the clinical trial, if such modifications are warranted and/or required by the occurrences in the given trial.
Each modification to the protocol during a clinical trial has to be submitted to the FDA. This could result in the delay or halt of a clinical trial while the modification is evaluated. In addition, depending on the quantity and nature of the changes made, the FDA could take the position that the data generated by the clinical trial is not poolable because the same protocol was not used throughout the trial. This might require the enrollment of additional subjects, which could result in the extension of the clinical trial and the FDA delaying clearance or approval of a product. Any such delay could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
There can be no assurance that the data generated from our clinical trials using modified protocols will be acceptable to FDA.
There can be no assurance that the data generated using modified protocols will be acceptable to the FDA or that if future modifications during the trial are necessary, that any such modifications will be acceptable to the FDA. If the FDA believes that its prior approval is required for a particular modification, it can delay or halt a clinical trial while it evaluates additional information regarding the change.
Serious injury or death resulting from a failure of one of our drug candidates during current or future clinical trials could also result in the FDA delaying our clinical trials or denying or delaying clearance or approval of a product.
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Even though an adverse event may not be the result of the failure of our drug candidate, the FDA or an Internal Review Board (“IRB”) could delay or halt a clinical trial for an indefinite period of time while an adverse event is reviewed, and likely would do so in the event of multiple such events.
Any delay or termination of our current or future clinical trials as a result of the risks summarized above, including delays in obtaining or maintaining required approvals from IRBs, delays in patient enrollment, the failure of patients to continue to participate in a clinical trial, and delays or termination of clinical trials as a result of protocol modifications or adverse events during the trials, may cause an increase in costs and delays in the filing of any product submissions with the FDA, delay the approval and commercialization of our products or result in the failure of the clinical trial, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and prospects.
The future results of our current or future clinical trials may not support our product candidate claims or may result in the discovery of unexpected adverse side effects.
Even if our clinical trials are completed as planned, we cannot be certain that their results will support our drug candidate claims or that the FDA or foreign authorities will agree with our conclusions regarding them. Success in preclinical studies and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and we cannot be sure that the later trials will replicate the results of prior trials and preclinical studies. The clinical trial process may fail to demonstrate that our drug candidates are safe and effective for the proposed indicated uses. If the FDA concludes that the clinical trials for DHA-dFdC, or any other product for which we might seek clearance, has failed to demonstrate safety and effectiveness, we would not receive FDA clearance to market that product in the United States for the indications sought.
In addition, such an outcome could cause us to abandon the product candidate and might delay development of others. Any delay or termination of our clinical trials will delay the filing of any product submissions with the FDA and, ultimately, our ability to commercialize our product candidates and generate revenues. It is also possible that patients enrolled in clinical trials will experience adverse side effects that are not currently part of the product candidate’s profile.
Current and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our product candidates and affect the prices we may obtain for such product candidates.
In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes regarding the healthcare system that could prevent or delay marketing approval for our product candidates, restrict or regulate post-approval activities and affect our ability to profitably sell our product candidates. Legislative and regulatory proposals have been made to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for pharmaceutical products. We do not know whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the marketing approvals of our product candidates, if any, may be. In addition, increased scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the FDA’s approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well as subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements.
In the United States, the Medicare Modernization Act (“MMA”) changed the way Medicare covers and pays for pharmaceutical products. As a result of this legislation and the expansion of federal coverage of drug products, we expect that there will be additional pressure to contain and reduce costs. These cost reduction initiatives and other provisions of this legislation could decrease the coverage and price that we receive for our product candidates and could seriously harm our business.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “Health Care Reform Law”) is a sweeping law intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for healthcare and health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. The Health Care Reform Law remains subject to legislative efforts to repeal, modify or delay the implementation of the law. However, if the Health Care Reform Law is repealed or modified, or if implementation of certain aspects of the Health Care Reform Law are delayed, such repeal, modification or delay may materially adversely impact our business, strategies, prospects, operating results or financial condition.
In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the Health Care Reform Law was enacted. We expect that additional federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, and in turn could significantly reduce the projected value of certain development projects and reduce or eliminate our profitability.
Upon commercialization of our products, we may be dependent on third parties to market, distribute and sell our products.
Our ability to receive revenues may be dependent upon the sales and marketing efforts of any future co-marketing partners and third-party distributors. At this time, we have not entered into an agreement with any commercialization partner and only plan to do so after the successful completion of Phase 1 clinical trials and prior to commercialization. If we fail to reach an agreement with any commercialization partner, or upon reaching such an agreement that partner fails to sell a large volume of our products, it may have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Adverse events involving our products may lead the FDA to delay or deny clearance for our products or result in product recalls that could harm our reputation, business and financial results.
Once a product receives FDA clearance or approval, the agency has the authority to require the recall of commercialized products in the event of adverse side effects, material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture. The authority to require a recall must be based on an FDA finding that there is a reasonable probability that the product would cause serious injury or death. Manufacturers may, under their own initiative, recall a product if any material deficiency in a product is found. A government-mandated or voluntary recall by us or one of our distributors could occur as a result of adverse side effects, impurities or other product contamination, manufacturing errors, design or labeling defects or other deficiencies and issues. Recalls of any of our products would divert managerial and financial resources and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The FDA requires that certain classifications of recalls be reported to FDA within ten working days after the recall is initiated. Companies are required to maintain certain records of recalls, even if they are not reportable to the FDA. We may initiate voluntary recalls involving our products in the future that we determine do not require notification of the FDA. If the FDA disagrees with our determinations, they could require us to report those actions as recalls. A future recall announcement could harm our reputation with customers and negatively affect our sales. In addition, the FDA could take enforcement action for failing to report the recalls when they were conducted.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
We face evolving regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure that may result in additional expenses and continuing uncertainty.
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or SOX, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of The Nasdaq Global Market and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time towards maintaining compliance with these requirements. These rules, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest the resources necessary to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us, which could be costly and time-consuming, and our reputation and business may be harmed.
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Our common stock may be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market if we fail to comply with continued listing standards.
Our common stock is currently traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”. If we fail to meet any of the continued listing standards of The Nasdaq Capital Market, our common stock could be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market. These continued listing standards include specifically enumerated criteria, such as:
● | a $1.00 minimum closing bid price; |
● | stockholders’ equity of $2.5 million; |
● | 500,000 shares of publicly-held common stock with a market value of at least $1 million; |
● | 300 round-lot stockholders; and |
● | compliance with Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements, as well as additional or more stringent criteria that may be applied in the exercise of Nasdaq’s discretionary authority. |
On April 28, 2020, we received a staff deficiency notice from Nasdaq informing the Company that its common stock failed to comply with the $1.00 minimum bid price required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). Nasdaq’s letter advised the Company that, based upon the closing bid price during the period from March 16, 2020 to April 27, 2020, the Company no longer meets this test.
Given the current extraordinary market conditions, Nasdaq has determined to toll the compliance periods for the bid price and market value of publicly held shares requirements through June 30, 2020. Pursuant to Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company has been provided with a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until December 28, 2020, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days prior to December 28, 2020.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance and remain in compliance in the future. In particular, our share price may continue to decline for a number of reasons, including many that are beyond our control. If we fail to comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing standards, we may be delisted and our common stock will trade, if at all, only on the over-the-counter market, such as the OTC Bulletin Board or OTCQX market, and then only if one or more registered broker-dealer market makers comply with quotation requirements. In addition, delisting of our common stock could depress our stock price, substantially limit liquidity of our common stock and materially adversely affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Further, delisting of our common stock would likely result in our common stock becoming a “penny stock” under the Exchange Act.
Our share price may be volatile and there may not be an active trading market for our common stock.
There can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock will not decline below its present market price or that there will be an active trading market for our common stock. The market prices of technology or technology related companies have been and are likely to continue to be highly volatile. Fluctuations in our operating results and general market conditions for technology or technology related stocks could have a significant impact on the volatility of our common stock price. We have experienced significant volatility in the price of our common stock. From January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019, the share price of our common stock (on a split-adjusted basis) ranged from a high of $3.92 to a low of $1.05. The reason for the volatility in our stock is not well understood and may continue. Factors that may have contributed to such volatility include, but are not limited to:
● | developments regarding regulatory filings; |
● | our funding requirements and the terms of our financing arrangements; |
● | technological innovations; |
● | introduction of new technologies by us or our competitors; |
● | material changes in existing litigation; |
● | changes in the enforceability or other matters surrounding our patent portfolios; |
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● | government regulations and laws; |
● | public sentiment relating to our industry; |
● | developments in patent or other proprietary rights; |
● | the number of shares issued and outstanding; |
● | the number of shares trading on an average trading day; |
● | performance of companies in the non-performing entity space generally; |
● | announcements regarding other participants in the technology and technology related industries, including our competitors; |
● | block sales of our shares by stockholders to whom we have sold stock in private placements, or the cessation of transfer restrictions with respect to those shares; and |
● | market speculation regarding any of the foregoing. |
We could fail in future financing efforts or be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market if we fail to receive stockholder approval when needed.
We are required under the Nasdaq rules to obtain stockholder approval for any issuance of additional equity securities that would comprise more than 20% of the total shares of our common stock outstanding before the issuance of such securities sold in an offering that is not deemed to be a “public offering” by Nasdaq. Funding of our operations and acquisitions of assets may require issuance of additional equity securities that would comprise more than 20% of the total shares of our common stock outstanding, but we might not be successful in obtaining the required stockholder approval for such an issuance. If we are unable to obtain financing due to stockholder approval difficulties, such failure may have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue operations.
Our shares of common stock are thinly traded and, as a result, stockholders may be unable to sell at or near ask prices, or at all, if they need to sell shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate their shares.
Our common stock has been “thinly-traded” meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common stock at or near ask prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company that is relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we become more seasoned and viable. Our trading volumes are further adversely affected by the 1-for-19 reverse stock split that was effective as of March 4, 2016. In addition, we believe that due to the limited number of shares of our common stock outstanding, an options market has not been established for our common stock, limiting the ability of market participants to hedge or otherwise undertake trading strategies available for larger companies with broader shareholder bases which prevents institutions and others from acquiring or trading in our securities. Consequently, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. We cannot give stockholders any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common shares will develop or be sustained, or that current trading levels will be sustained.
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Because of the Shareholder Rights Plan and “anti-takeover” provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, a third party may be discouraged from making a takeover offer that could be beneficial to our stockholders.
Effective as of January 24, 2013, we adopted a shareholder rights plan which was amended and restated as of June 9, 2017. The effect of this rights plan and of certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, could delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us or replacing members of our Board of Directors, or make more costly any attempt to acquire control of the Company, even if the acquisition or the Board designees would be beneficial to our stockholders. These factors could also reduce the price that certain investors might be willing to pay for shares of the common stock and result in the market price being lower than it would be without these provisions.
Dividends on our common stock are not likely.
During the last five years, we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Investors must look solely to the potential for appreciation in the market price of the shares of our common stock to obtain a return on their investment.
It may be difficult to predict our financial performance because our quarterly operating results may fluctuate.
Our revenues, operating results and valuations of certain assets and liabilities may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. You should not rely on period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations as an indication of our future performance. Our results of operations may fall below the expectations of market analysts and our own forecasts. If this happens, the market price of our common stock may fall significantly. The factors that may affect our quarterly operating results include the following:
● | fluctuations in results of our enforcement and licensing activities or outcome of cases; |
● | fluctuations in duration of judicial processes and time to completion of cases; |
● | the timing and amount of expenses incurred to negotiate with licensees and obtain settlements from infringers; |
● | the impact of our anticipated need for personnel and expected substantial increase in headcount; |
● | fluctuations in the receptiveness of courts and juries to significant damages awards in patent infringement cases and speed to trial in the jurisdictions in which our cases may be brought and the accepted royalty rates attributable to damages analysis for patent cases generally, including the royalty rates for industry standard patents which we may own or acquire; |
● | worsening economic conditions which cause revenues or profits attributable to infringer sales of products or services to decline; |
● | changes in the regulatory environment, including regulation of NPE activities or patenting practices, that may negatively impact our or infringers practices; |
● | the timing and amount of expenses associated with litigation, regulatory investigations or restructuring activities, including settlement costs and regulatory penalties assessed related to government enforcement actions; |
● | Any changes we make in our Critical Accounting Estimates described in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations sections of our periodic reports; | |
● | the adoption of new accounting pronouncements, or new interpretations of existing accounting pronouncements, that impact the manner in which we account for, measure or disclose our results of operations, financial position or other financial measures; and |
● | costs related to acquisitions of technologies or businesses. |
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If we fail to retain our key personnel, we may not be able to achieve our anticipated level of growth and our business could suffer.
Our future depends, in part, on our ability to attract and retain key personnel and the continued contributions of our executive officers, each of whom may be difficult to replace. In particular, Anthony Hayes, our Chief Executive Officer, is important to the management of our business and operations and the development of our strategic direction. The loss of the services of any such individual and the process to replace any key personnel would involve significant time and expense and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.
Because an increasing amount of our outstanding shares may become freely tradable, sales of these shares could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is performing well.
As of May 8, 2020, we had outstanding 34,920,219 shares of common stock, of which our directors and executive officers owned 28,989 shares which are subject to the limitations of Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
In general, Rule 144 provides that any non-affiliate of ours, who has held restricted common stock for at least six-months, is entitled to sell their restricted stock freely, provided that we are then current in our filings with the SEC.
An affiliate of the Company may sell after six months with the following restrictions:
● | we are current in our filings; |
● | certain manner of sale provisions; |
● | filing of Form 144; and |
● | volume limitations limiting the sale of shares within any three-month period to a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of 1% of the total number of outstanding shares or, the average weekly trading volume during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice of sale. |
Because almost all of our outstanding shares are freely tradable (subject to certain restrictions imposed by lockup agreements executed by the holders thereof) and the shares held by our affiliates may be freely sold (subject to the Rule 144 limitations), sales of these shares could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is performing well.
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Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from these sales for general corporate purposes, which includes, without limitation, the continued development of our products to treat pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and working capital. The amounts and timing of these expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the development of our current business initiatives.
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We may sell the securities from time to time to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers. A distribution of the securities offered by this prospectus may also be effected through the issuance of derivative securities, including without limitation, warrants, rights to purchase and subscriptions. In addition, the manner in which we may sell some or all of the securities covered by this prospectus includes, without limitation, through:
● | a block trade in which a broker-dealer will attempt to sell as agent, but may position or resell a portion of the block, as principal, in order to facilitate the transaction; |
● | purchases by a broker-dealer, as principal, and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; or |
● | ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker solicits purchasers. |
A prospectus supplement or supplements with respect to each series of securities will describe the terms of the offering, including, to the extent applicable:
● | the terms of the offering; |
● | the name or names of the underwriters or agents and the amounts of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them, if any; |
● | the public offering price or purchase price of the securities or other consideration therefor, and the proceeds to be received by us from the sale; |
● | any delayed delivery requirements; |
● | any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; |
● | any underwriting discounts or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation; |
● | any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; and |
● | any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed. |
The offer and sale of the securities described in this prospectus by us, the underwriters or the third parties described above may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, including privately negotiated transactions, either:
● | at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
● | in an “at the market” offering within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act; |
● | at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or |
● | at negotiated prices. |
Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.
Underwriters and Agents; Direct Sales
If underwriters are used in a sale, they will acquire the offered securities for their own account and may resell the offered securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate.
Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement, other than securities covered by any over-allotment option. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.
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We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities, and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
Dealers
We may sell the offered securities to dealers as principals. The dealer may then resell such securities to the public either at varying prices to be determined by the dealer or at a fixed offering price agreed to with us at the time of resale.
Institutional Purchasers
We may authorize agents, dealers or underwriters to solicit certain institutional investors to purchase offered securities on a delayed delivery basis pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified future date. The applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be, will provide the details of any such arrangement, including the offering price and commissions payable on the solicitations.
We will enter into such delayed contracts only with institutional purchasers that we approve. These institutions may include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies and educational and charitable institutions.
Indemnification; Other Relationships
We may provide agents, underwriters, dealers and remarketing firms with indemnification against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents, underwriters, dealers and remarketing firms, and their affiliates, may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business. This includes commercial banking and investment banking transactions.
Market-Making; Stabilization and Other Transactions
There is currently no market for any of the offered securities, other than our common stock, which is quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market. If the offered securities are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price, depending upon prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities and other factors. While it is possible that an underwriter could inform us that it intends to make a market in the offered securities, such underwriter would not be obligated to do so, and any such market-making could be discontinued at any time without notice. Therefore, no assurance can be given as to whether an active trading market will develop for the offered securities. We have no current plans for listing of the debt securities, preferred stock, warrants or subscription rights on any securities exchange or quotation system; any such listing with respect to any particular debt securities, preferred stock, warrants or subscription rights will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be.
Any underwriter may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the over-allotment option or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.
Any underwriters or agents that are qualified market makers on The Nasdaq Capital Market may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of our common stock. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
Fees and Commissions
If 5% or more of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by a FINRA member participating in the offering or affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA member, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Rule 5121.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER
General
This prospectus describes the general terms of our capital stock. The following description is not complete and may not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our capital stock. For a more detailed description of these securities, you should read the applicable provisions of Delaware law and our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and our Amended and Restated Bylaws. When we offer to sell a particular series of these securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in a supplement to this prospectus. Accordingly, for a description of the terms of any series of securities, you must refer to both the prospectus supplement relating to that series and the description of the securities described in this prospectus. To the extent the information contained in the prospectus supplement differs from this summary description, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.
The total number of shares of capital stock we are authorized to issue is 150,000,000 shares, of which (a) 100,000,000 are common stock and (b) 50,000,000 are preferred stock.
We, directly or through agents, dealers or underwriters designated from time to time, may offer, issue and sell, together or separately, up to $100,000,000 in the aggregate of:
● | common stock; |
● | preferred stock; |
● | purchase contracts; |
● | warrants to purchase our securities; |
● | subscription rights to purchase our securities; |
● | depository shares; |
● | secured or unsecured debt securities consisting of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness which may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities, each of which may be convertible into equity securities; or |
● | units comprised of, or other combinations of, the foregoing securities. |
We may issue the debt securities as exchangeable for or convertible into shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing. The preferred stock may also be exchangeable for and/or convertible into shares of common stock, another series of preferred stock or other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing. When a particular series of securities is offered, a supplement to this prospectus will be delivered with this prospectus, which will set forth the terms of the offering and sale of the offered securities.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
On April 24, 2014, we filed an Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, which was previously approved by our stockholders at our annual meeting held on February 6, 2014. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, among other things, increased our authorized number of shares of common stock to 200,000,000 shares from 50,000,000 shares.
Additionally, on April 23, 2014, we filed a Certificate of Elimination with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware eliminating our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and returning them to authorized but undesignated shares of our preferred stock.
On March 4, 2016, the Company implemented a reverse stock split with a ratio of 1-for-19. The par value and other terms of the common stock were not affected by the reverse stock split. In addition, the amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation that effected the reverse stock split simultaneously reduced the number of authorized shares of common stock from 200,000,000 to 100,000,000.
Common Stock
As of May 8, 2020, there were 34,920,219 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, held of record by approximately 123 stockholders. Subject to preferential rights with respect to any outstanding preferred stock, all outstanding shares of common stock are of the same class and have equal rights and attributes. Subject to the rights of the preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as are declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends. We presently intend to retain any earnings to fund the development of our business. Accordingly, we do not anticipate paying any dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any future determination as to declaration and payment of dividends will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
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In the event of the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, each outstanding share of our common stock will be entitled to share equally in any of our assets remaining after payment of or provision for our debts and other liabilities.
Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted upon by stockholders. There is no cumulative voting for the election of directors, which means that the holders of shares entitled to exercise more than 50% of the voting rights in the election of directors are able to elect all of the directors.
Holders of common stock have no preemptive rights to subscribe for or to purchase any additional shares of common stock or other obligations convertible into shares of common stock which we may issue after the date of this prospectus.
All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. Holders of our common stock are not liable for further calls or assessments.
The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate in the future.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC, with an address at 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, New York 11598.
Listing
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”. We have not applied to list our common stock on any other exchange or quotation system.
Limitations on Directors’ Liability
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws contain provisions indemnifying our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.
In addition, as permitted by Delaware law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that no director will be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of the director’s fiduciary duty as a director. The effect of this provision is to restrict our rights and the rights of our stockholders in derivative suits to recover monetary damages against a director for breach of the director’s fiduciary duty as a director, except that a director will be personally liable for:
● | any breach of his or her duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders; |
● | acts or omissions not in good faith which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; |
● | the payment of dividends or the redemption or purchase of stock in violation of Delaware law; or |
● | any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. |
This provision does not affect a director’s liability under the federal securities laws.
To the extent that our directors, officers and controlling persons are indemnified under the provisions contained in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or Delaware law against liabilities arising under the Securities Act, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, our Shareholder Rights Plan and Delaware Law that May Have an Anti-Takeover Effect
Certain provisions set forth in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, our Amended and Restated Shareholder Rights Plan and Delaware law could have the effect of discouraging potential acquisition proposals or making a tender offer or delaying or preventing a change in control, including changes a stockholder might consider favorable. Such provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws
In particular, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, among other things:
● | authorize our Board of Directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 50,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock; | |
● | provide that stockholders must provide advance notice to nominate persons for election to our Board of Directors or submit proposals for consideration at stockholder meetings; |
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● | specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our Board of Directors or by any officer instructed by the Board of Directors to a call a special meeting; | |
● | provide that vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of directors in office, although less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director; and | |
● | provide the Board of Directors with the ability to alter the Amended and Restated Bylaws without stockholder approval. |
Shareholder Rights Plan
On January 1, 2013, and as amended and restated on June 9, 2017, we adopted a stockholder rights plan in which rights to purchase shares of Series A Preferred Stock were distributed as a dividend at the rate of one right for each share of common stock. The rights are designed to guard against partial tender offers and other abusive and coercive tactics that might be used in an attempt to gain control of AIkido or to deprive our stockholders of their interest in the long-term value of AIkido. These rights seek to achieve these goals by forcing a potential acquirer to negotiate with our Board of Directors (or go to court to try to force the Board of Directors to redeem the rights), because only the Board of Directors can redeem the rights and allow the potential acquirer to acquire our shares without suffering very significant dilution. However, these rights also could deter or prevent transactions that stockholders deem to be in their interests, and could reduce the price that investors or an acquirer might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
Each right entitles the registered holder to purchase one nineteen-hundredth of a share (a “Unit”) of our Series A Preferred Stock. Each Unit of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to an aggregate dividend of 100 times the dividend declared per share of common stock. In the event of liquidation, the holders of the Units of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to an aggregate payment of 100 times the payment made per share of common stock. Each Unit of Series A Preferred Stock will have 100 votes, voting together with the common stock. Finally, in the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which shares of common stock are exchanged, each Unit of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive 100 times the amount received per share of common stock. These rights are protected by customary anti-dilution provisions.
The rights will be exercisable only if a person or group acquires ten percent (10%) or more of our common stock (subject to certain exceptions stated in the plan) or announces a tender offer the consummation of which would result in ownership by a person or group of ten percent (10%) or more of our common stock. Our Board of Directors may redeem the rights at a price of $0.001 per right. The stockholder rights plan provides that the rights will expire at the close of business on December 31, 2020 unless the expiration date is extended or unless the rights are earlier redeemed or exchanged by the Company.
Delaware Takeover Statute
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) prohibits a Delaware corporation that is a public company from engaging in any “business combination” (as defined below) with any “interested stockholder” (defined generally as an entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with such entity or person) for a period of three years following the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless:
● | before such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; | |
● | upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or | |
● | on or subsequent to such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder. |
Section 203 of the DCGL defines “business combination” to include:
● | any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; | |
● | any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder; | |
● | subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder; | |
● | any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or | |
● | the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation. |
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Preferred Stock
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors is authorized, without further stockholder action, to establish various series of such preferred stock from time to time and to determine the rights, preferences and privileges of any unissued series including, among other matters, any dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms, the number of shares constituting any such series, and the description thereof and to issue any such shares. Although there is no current intent to do so, our Board of Directors may, without stockholder approval, issue shares of an additional class or series of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of the common stock.
One of the effects of the preferred stock may be to enable the Board of Directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby to protect the continuity of the management.
The DGCL provides that the holders of preferred stock will have the right to vote separately as a class on any proposal involving certain fundamental changes in the rights of holders of that series of preferred stock. This right is in addition to any voting rights provided for in the applicable certificate of designation.
Our Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. Preferred stock could be issued quickly with terms designed to delay or prevent a change in control of our Company or make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock.
The Company had designated separate series of its capital stock as of March 11, 2020 as summarized below:
Number of Shares Issued and Outstanding as of March 11, 2020 | Par Value | Conversion Ratio | |||||||
Series “A” | — | $ | 0.0001 | N/A | |||||
Series “C” | — | 0.0001 | 0.05:1 | ||||||
Series “D” | 4,725 | 0.0001 | 0.53:1 | ||||||
Series “D-1” | 834 | 0.0001 | 0.53:1 | ||||||
Series “F-1” | — | 0.0001 | 0.05:1 | ||||||
Series “H” | — | 0.0001 | 0.53:1 | ||||||
Series “I” | — | 0.0001 | 1.05:1 | ||||||
Series “J” | — | 0.0001 | 0.05:1 | ||||||
Series “K” | — | 0.0001 | 263.16:1 | ||||||
Series “L” | — | 0.0001 | 1,000:1 |
On April 23, 2014, the Company filed a Certificate of Elimination with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware eliminating its Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and returning them to authorized but undesignated shares of preferred stock. No shares of the foregoing series of preferred stock were outstanding.
On March 24, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Series L Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to designate a new Series L Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company.
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
In connection with the acquisition of North South’s patent portfolio in September 2013, the Company issued 1,379,685 shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred Stock”) to the stockholders of North South. Each share of Series D Preferred Stock has a stated value of $0.0001 per share and is convertible into ten-nineteenths of a share of common stock. Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company’s business, each holder of Series D Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, for each share of Series D Preferred Stock held, a preferential amount in cash equal to the greater of (i) the stated value or (ii) the amount the holder would receive as a holder of common stock on an “as converted” basis. Each holder of Series D Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote on all matters submitted to its stockholders and shall be entitled to such number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock such shares of Series D Preferred Stock are convertible into at such time, taking into account the beneficial ownership limitations set forth in the governing Certificate of Designation and the conversion limitations described below. At no time may shares of Series D Preferred Stock be converted if such conversion would cause the holder to hold in excess of 4.99% of issued and outstanding common stock, subject to an increase in such limitation up to 9.99% of the issued and outstanding common stock on 61 days’ written notice to the Company. The conversion ratio of the Series D Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, combination of shares and similar recapitalization transactions.
As of December 31, 2019, 4,725 shares of Series D Preferred Stock remained issued and outstanding.
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Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
The Company’s Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series D-1 Preferred Stock”) was established on November 22, 2013. Each share of Series D-1 Preferred Stock has a stated value of $0.0001 per share and is convertible into ten- nineteenths of a share of common stock. Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company’s business, each holder of Series D-1 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, for each share of Series D-1 Preferred Stock held, a preferential amount in cash equal to the greater of (i) the stated value or (ii) the amount the holder would receive as a holder of common stock on an “as converted” basis. Each holder of Series D-1 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote on all matters submitted to the Company’s stockholders and shall be entitled to such number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock such shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock are convertible into at such time, taking into account the beneficial ownership limitations set forth in the governing Certificate of Designation. At no time may shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock be converted if such conversion would cause the holder to hold in excess of 9.99% of issued and outstanding common stock. The conversion ratio of the Series D-1 Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, combination of shares and similar recapitalization transactions. The Company commenced an exchange with holders of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant to which the holders of the Company’s outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock acquired in the Merger could exchange such shares for shares of the Company’s Series D-1 Preferred Stock on a one-for-one basis.
As of December 31, 2019, 834 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock remained issued and outstanding.
Purchase Contracts
We may issue purchase contracts, representing contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and us to sell to the holders, a specific or varying number of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, depositary shares, debt securities, warrants or any combination of the above, at a future date or dates. Alternatively, the purchase contracts may obligate us to purchase from holders, and obligate holders to sell to us, a specific or varying number of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, depositary shares, debt securities, or any combination of the above. The price of the securities and other property subject to the purchase contracts may be fixed at the time the purchase contracts are issued or may be determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the purchase contracts. The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as a part of a unit that consists of (a) a purchase contract and (b) one or more of the other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing, which may secure the holders’ obligations to purchase the securities under the purchase contract. The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to the holders or require the holders to make periodic payments to us. These payments may be unsecured or prefunded and may be paid on a current or on a deferred basis. The purchase contracts may require holders to secure their obligations under the contracts in a manner specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the purchase contracts and purchase contract agreement, if any. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any purchase contracts in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, including, to the extent applicable, the following:
● | whether the purchase contracts obligate the holder or us to purchase or sell, or both purchase and sell, the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract, and the nature and amount of each of those securities, or the method of determining those amounts; |
● | whether the purchase contracts are to be prepaid or not; |
● | whether the purchase contracts are to be settled by delivery, or by reference or linkage to the value, performance or level of the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract; |
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● | any acceleration, cancellation, termination or other provisions relating to the settlement of the purchase contracts; and |
● | whether the purchase contracts will be issued in fully registered or global form. |
Warrants
We may issue warrants to purchase our securities or other rights, including rights to receive payment in cash or securities based on the value, rate or price of one or more specified commodities, currencies, securities or indices, or any combination of the foregoing. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. To the extent warrants that we issue are to be publicly-traded, each series of such warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent.
We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the warrant and warrant agreement, if any. The prospectus supplement relating to any warrants that we may offer will contain the specific terms of the warrants and a description of the material provisions of the applicable warrant agreement, if any. These terms may include the following:
● | the title of the warrants; |
● | the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued; |
● | the designation, amount and terms of the securities or other rights for which the warrants are exercisable; |
● | the designation and terms of the other securities, if any, with which the warrants are to be issued and the number of warrants issued with each other security; |
● | the aggregate number of warrants; |
● | any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of securities receivable upon exercise of the warrants or the exercise price of the warrants; |
● | the price or prices at which the securities or other rights purchasable upon exercise of the warrants may be purchased; |
● | if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the securities or other rights purchasable upon exercise of the warrants will be separately transferable; |
● | a discussion of any material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the exercise of the warrants; |
● | the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence, and the date on which the right will expire; |
● | the maximum or minimum number of warrants that may be exercised at any time; |
● | information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; and |
● | any other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants. |
Each warrant will entitle the holder of warrants to purchase the amount of securities or other rights, at the exercise price stated or determinable in the prospectus supplement for the warrants. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date shown in the applicable prospectus supplement, unless otherwise specified in such prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, if applicable, unexercised warrants will become void. Warrants may be exercised in the manner described in the applicable prospectus supplement. When the warrant holder makes the payment and properly completes and signs the warrant certificate at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent, if any, or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as possible, forward the securities or other rights that the warrant holder has purchased. If the warrant holder exercises less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate, we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining warrants.
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A summary of warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is presented below:
Warrants | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Total Intrinsic Value | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) | |||||||||||||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 | 294,072 | $ | 38.15 | $ | - | 1.92 | ||||||||||
Issued | 301,960 | - | 506,273 | - | ||||||||||||
Exercised | (235,294 | ) | - | 394,940 | - | |||||||||||
Expired | (8,799 | ) | 476.66 | - | - | |||||||||||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019 | 351,939 | $ | 19.96 | 111,332 | 0.94 |
On May 29, 2019, the Company entered into the Master Service Agreement (“MSA”) with a consultant, World Wide Holdings, LLC (“Consultant”). In consideration for services provided by Consultant, the Company paid to Consultant three warrants (the “Consultant Warrant”), with each warrant immediately exercisable for 33,333 shares of common stock with a $0.01 strike price. The Company issued each of the three warrants on June 28, July 28 and August 27, 2019, respectively. The Company recorded $0.3 million in stock-based compensation during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to this arrangement. On July 12, 2019, the Company issued 33,333 shares of common stock upon exercise of one Consultant Warrant which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $333.
Subscription Rights
We may issue rights to purchase our securities. The rights may or may not be transferable by the persons purchasing or receiving the rights. In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement with one or more underwriters or other persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other persons would purchase any offered securities remaining unsubscribed for after such rights offering. In connection with a rights offering to holders of our capital stock a prospectus supplement will be distributed to such holders on the record date for receiving rights in the rights offering set by us.
We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the subscription rights, standby underwriting agreement or other agreements, if any. The prospectus supplement relating to any rights that we offer will include specific terms relating to the offering, including, among other matters:
● | the date of determining the security holders entitled to the rights distribution; |
● | the aggregate number of rights issued and the aggregate amount of securities purchasable upon exercise of the rights; |
● | the exercise price; |
● | the conditions to completion of the rights offering; |
● | the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and the date on which the rights will expire; and |
● | any applicable federal income tax considerations. |
Each right would entitle the holder of the rights to purchase the principal amount of securities at the exercise price set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for the rights provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights will become void.
Holders may exercise rights as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Upon receipt of payment and the rights certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the rights agent, if any, or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the securities purchasable upon exercise of the rights. If less than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby underwriting arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Depositary Shares
General. We may offer fractional shares of preferred stock, rather than full shares of preferred stock. If we decide to offer fractional shares of our preferred stock, we will issue receipts for depositary shares. Each depositary share will represent a fraction of a share of a particular series of our preferred stock, and the applicable prospectus supplement will indicate that fraction. The shares of preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited under a deposit agreement between us and a depositary that is a bank or trust company that meets certain requirements and is selected by us. The depositary will be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each owner of a depositary share will be entitled to all of the rights and preferences of the preferred stock represented by the depositary share. The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement. Depositary receipts will be distributed to those persons purchasing the fractional shares of our preferred stock in accordance with the terms of the offering. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the deposit agreement, form of certificate of designation of underlying preferred stock, form of depositary receipts and any other related agreements.
Dividends and Other Distributions. The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received by it in respect of the preferred stock to the record holders of depositary shares relating to such preferred shares in proportion to the numbers of depositary shares held on the relevant record date.
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In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute securities or property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares in proportion to the numbers of depositary shares held on the relevant record date, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make such distribution. In that case, the depositary may make the distribution by such method as it deems equitable and practicable. One such possible method is for the depositary to sell the securities or property and then distribute the net proceeds from the sale as provided in the case of a cash distribution.
Redemption of Depositary Shares. Whenever we redeem the preferred stock, the depositary will redeem a number of depositary shares representing the same number of shares of preferred stock so redeemed. If fewer than all of the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot, pro rata or by any other equitable method as the depositary may determine.
Voting of Underlying Shares. Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of our preferred stock of any series are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in the notice of the meeting to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to that series of preferred stock. Each record holder of the depositary shares on the record date will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights represented by the number of shares of preferred stock underlying the holder’s depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, to the extent it is practical to do so, to vote the number of whole shares of preferred stock underlying such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions. We will agree to take all action that the depositary may deem reasonably necessary in order to enable the depositary to do so. To the extent the depositary does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares relating to such preferred shares, it will abstain from voting such shares of preferred stock.
Withdrawal of Shares. Upon surrender of depositary receipts representing any number of whole shares at the depositary’s office, unless the related depositary shares previously have been called for redemption, the holder of the depositary shares evidenced by the depositary receipts will be entitled to delivery of the number of whole shares of the related series of preferred stock and all money and other property, if any, underlying such depositary shares. However, once such an exchange is made, the preferred stock cannot thereafter be re-deposited in exchange for depositary shares. Holders of depositary shares will be entitled to receive whole shares of the related series of preferred stock on the basis set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. If the depositary receipts delivered by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares representing more than the number of whole shares of preferred stock of the related series to be withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to the holder at the same time a new depositary receipt evidencing the excess number of depositary shares.
Amendment and Termination of Depositary Agreement. The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the applicable depositary agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between us and the depositary. We may, with the consent of the depositary, amend the depositary agreement from time to time in any manner that we desire. However, if the amendment would materially and adversely alter the rights of the existing holders of depositary shares, the amendment would need to be approved by the holders of at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding.
The depositary agreement may be terminated by us or the depositary if:
● | all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed; or |
● | there has been a final distribution in respect of the shares of preferred stock of the applicable series in connection with our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and such distribution has been made to the holders of depositary receipts. |
Resignation and Removal of Depositary. The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so. We may remove a depositary at any time. Any resignation or removal will take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of appointment.
Charges of Depositary. We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of any depositary arrangements. We will pay all charges of each depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred shares of any series, the initial issuance of the depositary shares, any redemption of such preferred shares and any withdrawals of such preferred shares by holders of depositary shares. Holders of depositary shares will be required to pay any other transfer taxes.
Notices. Each depositary will forward to the holders of the applicable depositary shares all notices, reports and communications from us which are delivered to such depositary and which we are required to furnish the holders of the preferred stock represented by such depositary shares.
Miscellaneous. The depositary agreement may contain provisions that limit our liability and the liability of the depositary to the holders of depositary shares. Both the depositary and we are also entitled to an indemnity from the holders of the depositary shares prior to bringing, or defending against, any legal proceeding. We or any depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or information provided by persons presenting preferred shares for deposit, holders of depositary shares or other persons believed by us to be competent and on documents believed by us or them to be genuine.
Debt Securities
As used in this prospectus, the term “debt securities” means the debentures, notes, bonds and other evidences of indebtedness that we may issue from time to time. The debt securities will either be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt or subordinated debt securities. We may also issue convertible debt securities. Debt securities may be issued under an indenture (which we refer to herein as an Indenture), which are contracts entered into between us and a trustee to be named therein. The Indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We may issue debt securities and incur additional indebtedness other than through the offering of debt securities pursuant to this prospectus. It is likely that convertible debt securities will not be issued under an Indenture.
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The debt securities may be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a secured or unsecured senior or subordinated basis by one or more guarantors, if any. The obligations of any guarantor under its guarantee will be limited as necessary to prevent that guarantee from constituting a fraudulent conveyance under applicable law. In the event that any series of debt securities will be subordinated to other indebtedness that we have outstanding or may incur, the terms of the subordination will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the subordinated debt securities.
We may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, in each case with the same or various maturities, at par or at a discount. Unless indicated in a prospectus supplement, we may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of the issuance. Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of debt securities under the applicable Indenture and will be equal in ranking.
Should an Indenture relate to unsecured indebtedness, in the event of a bankruptcy or other liquidation event involving a distribution of assets to satisfy our outstanding indebtedness or an event of default under a loan agreement relating to secured indebtedness of our company or its subsidiaries, the holders of such secured indebtedness, if any, would be entitled to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments on the unsecured indebtedness issued under an Indenture.
Each prospectus supplement will describe the terms relating to the specific series of debt securities. These terms will include some or all of the following:
● | the title of debt securities and whether the debt securities are senior or subordinated; |
● | any limit on the aggregate principal amount of debt securities of such series; |
● | the percentage of the principal amount at which the debt securities of any series will be issued; |
● | the ability to issue additional debt securities of the same series; |
● | the purchase price for the debt securities and the denominations of the debt securities; |
● | the specific designation of the series of debt securities being offered; |
● | the maturity date or dates of the debt securities and the date or dates upon which the debt securities are payable and the rate or rates at which the debt securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, which may be fixed or variable, or the method by which such rate shall be determined; |
● | the basis for calculating interest; |
● | the date or dates from which any interest will accrue or the method by which such date or dates will be determined; |
● | the duration of any deferral period, including the period during which interest payment periods may be extended; |
● | whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the debt securities may be determined with reference to any index, formula or other method, such as one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices, and the manner of determining the amount of such payments; |
● | the dates on which we will pay interest on the debt securities and the regular record date for determining who is entitled to the interest payable on any interest payment date; |
● | the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the debt securities will be payable, where any securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange or conversion, as applicable, and notices and demands may be delivered to or upon us pursuant to the applicable Indenture; |
● | the rate or rates of amortization of the debt securities; |
● | any terms for the attachment to the debt securities of warrants, options or other rights to purchase or sell our securities; |
● | if the debt securities will be secured by any collateral and, if so, a general description of the collateral and the terms and provisions of such collateral security, pledge or other agreements; |
● | if we possess the option to do so, the periods within which and the prices at which we may redeem the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption provisions, and the other terms and conditions of any such provisions; |
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● | our obligation or discretion, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase debt securities by making periodic payments to a sinking fund or through an analogous provision or at the option of holders of the debt securities, and the period or periods within which and the price or prices at which we will redeem, repay or purchase the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and the other terms and conditions of such obligation; |
● | the terms and conditions, if any, regarding the option or mandatory conversion or exchange of debt securities; |
● | the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any debt securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part at our option and, if other than by a board resolution, the manner in which any election by us to redeem the debt securities shall be evidenced; |
● | any restriction or condition on the transferability of the debt securities of a particular series; |
● | the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of the debt securities which we must pay upon the acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities in connection with any event of default; |
● | the currency or currencies in which the debt securities will be denominated and in which principal, any premium and any interest will or may be payable or a description of any units based on or relating to a currency or currencies in which the debt securities will be denominated; |
● | provisions, if any, granting special rights to holders of the debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events; |
● | any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the events of default or our covenants with respect to the applicable series of debt securities, and whether or not such events of default or covenants are consistent with those contained in the applicable Indenture; |
● | any limitation on our ability to incur debt, redeem stock, sell our assets or other restrictions; |
● | the application, if any, of the terms of the applicable Indenture relating to defeasance and covenant defeasance (which terms are described below) to the debt securities; |
● | what subordination provisions will apply to the debt securities; |
● | the terms, if any, upon which the holders may convert or exchange the debt securities into or for our securities or property; |
● | whether we are issuing the debt securities in whole or in part in global form; |
● | any change in the right of the trustee or the requisite holders of debt securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable because of an event of default; |
● | the depositary for global or certificated debt securities, if any; |
● | any material federal income tax consequences applicable to the debt securities, including any debt securities denominated and made payable, as described in the prospectus supplements, in foreign currencies, or units based on or related to foreign currencies; |
● | any right we may have to satisfy, discharge and defease our obligations under the debt securities, or terminate or eliminate restrictive covenants or events of default in the Indentures, by depositing money or U.S. government obligations with the trustee of the Indentures; |
● | the names of any trustees, depositories, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to the debt securities; |
● | to whom any interest on any debt security shall be payable, if other than the person in whose name the security is registered, on the record date for such interest, the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global debt security will be paid; |
● | if the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities is to be payable in one or more currencies or currency units other than as stated, the currency, currencies or currency units in which it shall be paid and the periods within and terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amounts payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined); |
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● | the portion of the principal amount of any debt securities which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities pursuant to the applicable Indenture; |
● | if the principal amount payable at the stated maturity of any debt security of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the stated maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such debt securities as of any such date for any purpose, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any maturity other than the stated maturity or which shall be deemed to be outstanding as of any date prior to the stated maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined); and |
● | any other specific terms of the debt securities, including any modifications to the events of default under the debt securities and any other terms which may be required by or advisable under applicable laws or regulations. |
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we do not anticipate the debt securities will be listed on any securities exchange. Holders of the debt securities may present registered debt securities for exchange or transfer in the manner described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as limited by the applicable Indenture, we will provide these services without charge, other than any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with the exchange or transfer.
Debt securities may bear interest at a fixed rate or a variable rate as specified in the prospectus supplement. In addition, if specified in the prospectus supplement, we may sell debt securities bearing no interest or interest a t a rate that at the time of issuance is below the prevailing market rate, or at a discount below their stated principal amount. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement any special federal income tax considerations applicable to these discounted debt securities.
We may issue debt securities with the principal amount payable on any principal payment date, or the amount of interest payable on any interest payment date, to be determined by referring to one or more currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity indices or other factors. Holders of such debt securities may receive a principal amount on any principal payment date, or interest payments on any interest payment date, that are greater or less than the amount of principal or interest otherwise payable on such dates, depending upon the value on such dates of applicable currency, commodity, equity index or other factors. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information as to how we will determine the amount of principal or interest payable on any date, as well as the currencies, commodities, equity indices or other factors to which the amount payable on that date relates and certain additional tax considerations.
Units
We may issue units consisting of any combination of the other types of securities offered under this prospectus in one or more series. We may evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we may issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent, if any, may be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of the unit agent, if any, in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units. Specific unit agreements, if any, will contain additional important terms and provisions. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report that we file with the SEC, the form of unit and the form of each unit agreement, if any, relating to units offered under this prospectus.
If we offer any units, certain terms of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following, as applicable:
● | the title of the series of units; |
● | identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units; |
● | the price or prices at which the units will be issued; |
● | the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable; |
● | a discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the units; and |
● | any other material terms of the units and their constituent securities. |
Undesignated Preferred Stock
The ability of our Board of Directors to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences as designated by our Board of Directors could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. These and other provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of our company.
Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals
Our Amended and Restated Bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals to be brought before a stockholder meeting and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors.
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Each security may be represented either by a certificate issued in definitive form to a particular investor or by one or more global securities representing the entire issuance of securities. Certificated securities in definitive form and global securities will be issued in registered form. Definitive securities name you or your nominee as the owner of the security, and in order to transfer or exchange these securities or to receive payments other than interest or other interim payments, you or your nominee must physically deliver the securities to the trustee, registrar, paying agent or other agent, as applicable. Global securities name a depositary or its nominee as the owner of the debt securities, warrants or units represented by these global securities. The depositary maintains a computerized system that will reflect each investor’s beneficial ownership of the securities through an account maintained by the investor with its broker/dealer, bank, trust company or other representative, as we explain more fully below.
Registered Global Securities
We may issue the securities in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that will be deposited with a depositary or its nominee identified in the applicable prospectus supplement and registered in the name of that depositary or nominee. In those cases, one or more registered global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal or face amount of the securities to be represented by registered global securities. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole for securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole by and among the depositary for the registered global security, the nominees of the depositary or any successors of the depositary or those nominees.
The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any securities to be represented by a registered global security will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to those securities. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements.
Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons, called participants, that have accounts with the depositary or persons that may hold interests through participants. Upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective principal or face amounts of the securities beneficially owned by the participants. Any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the securities will designate the accounts to be credited. Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary, with respect to interests of participants, and on the records of participants, with respect to interests of persons holding through participants. The laws of some states may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of these securities in definitive form. These laws may impair your ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.
So long as the depositary, or its nominee, is the registered owner of a registered global security, that depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the securities represented by the registered global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement.
Except as described below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security will not be entitled to have the securities represented by the registered global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders of the securities under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for that registered global security and, if that person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement. We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement, the depositary for the registered global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take that action, and the participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through them to give or take that action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.
Payments to holders with respect to securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee will be made to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the registered global security. None of the Company, the trustees, the warrant agents, the unit agents or any other agent of the Company, agent of the trustees, the warrant agents or unit agents will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to those beneficial ownership interests.
We expect that the depositary for any of the securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, interest or other payment or distribution to holders of that registered global security, will immediately credit participants’ accounts in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in that registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security held through participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of those participants.
If the depositary for any of these securities represented by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and a successor depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act is not appointed by us within 90 days, we will issue securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security that had been held by the depositary. Any securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a registered global security will be registered in the name or names that the depositary gives to the relevant trustee, warrant agent, unit agent or other relevant agent of ours or theirs. It is expected that the depositary’s instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the registered global security that had been held by the depositary.
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Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York. If legal matters in connection with offerings made by this prospectus are passed on by counsel for the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, that counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The financial statements of AIkido Pharma Inc. as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 have been audited by Marcum LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein. Such financial statements are included in this prospectus and registration statement in reliance upon the report (which report includes an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern) of Marcum LLP, appearing elsewhere herein, and upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We file annual, quarter and periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission using the Commission’s EDGAR system. You may inspect these documents and copy information from them at the Commission’s offices at public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Commission maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Commission. The address of such site is http//www.sec.gov.
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
We are “incorporating by reference” in this prospectus certain documents we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information in the documents incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Statements contained in documents that we file with the SEC and that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus will automatically update and supersede information contained in this prospectus, including information in previously filed documents or reports that have been incorporated by reference in this prospectus, to the extent the new information differs from or is inconsistent with the old information. We have filed or may file the following documents with the SEC and they are incorporated herein by reference as of their respective dates of filing.
● | Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2020, March 9, 2020, March 10, 2020, March 25, 2020, March 26, 2020 (with respect to two reports), March 30, 2020, April 15, 2020, April 20, 2020 and May 1, 2020; | |
● | Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on January 31, 2020; and |
● | Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on July 24, 2019. |
All documents that we filed with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, and 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of this registration statement and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to this registration statement that indicates that all securities offered under this prospectus have been sold, or that deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, will be deemed to be incorporated in this registration statement by reference and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents.
Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed modified, superseded or replaced for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, or in any subsequently filed document that also is deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus, modifies, supersedes or replaces such statement. Any statement so modified, superseded or replaced shall not be deemed, except as so modified, superseded or replaced, to constitute a part of this prospectus. None of the information that we disclose under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K or any corresponding information, either furnished under Item 9.01 or included as an exhibit therein, that we may from time to time furnish to the SEC will be incorporated by reference into, or otherwise included in, this prospectus, except as otherwise expressly set forth in the relevant document. Subject to the foregoing, all information appearing in this prospectus is qualified in its entirety by the information appearing in the documents incorporated by reference.
You may requests, orally or in writing, a copy of these documents, which will be provided to you at no cost (other than exhibits, unless such exhibits are specifically incorporate by reference), by contacting Michelle Parisi, c/o AIkido Pharma Inc., at One Rockefeller Plaza, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10020. Our telephone number is (703) 992-9325. Information about us is also available at our website at http://www.aikidopharma.com/. However, the information in our website is not a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference.
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