UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark one)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-32147
Greenhill & Co., Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 51-0500737 | ||
(State of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||
300 Park Avenue, 23rd Floor | 10022 | ||
New York, New York | (Zip Code) | ||
(Address of principal executive offices) | |||
Registrant’s telephone number (212) 389-1500
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of ‘‘accelerated filer and large accelerated filer’’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | Accelerated filer | Non-accelerated filer | ||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No
As of July 28, 2006, there were 28,782,268 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Greenhill & Co., Inc. files current, annual and quarterly reports, proxy statements and other information required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the ‘‘Exchange Act’’), with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference room located at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, U.S.A. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public from the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of these reports, proxy statements and other information can also be inspected at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005, U.S.A.
Our public internet site is http://www.greenhill-co.com. We will make available free of charge through our internet site, via a link to the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed on behalf of directors and executive officers and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Also posted on our website in the ‘‘Corporate Governance’’ section, and available in print upon request of any stockholder to the Investor Relations Department, are charters for the company’s Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics governing our directors, officers and employees. You will need to have Adobe Acrobat Reader software installed on your computer to view these documents, which are in PDF format.
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Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)
As of | ||||||||||||
June 30, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | |||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 43,830,828 | $ | 83,240,865 | ||||||||
Securities | 9,584,895 | — | ||||||||||
Financial advisory fees receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1.1 million as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively | 56,546,055 | 27,336,205 | ||||||||||
Other receivables | 1,960,716 | 933,468 | ||||||||||
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $27.2 million and $27.6 million as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively | 13,801,342 | 8,638,632 | ||||||||||
Investments | 95,695,399 | 104,135,337 | ||||||||||
Due from affiliates | 829,469 | 260,537 | ||||||||||
Other assets | 10,288,093 | 10,396,077 | ||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 232,536,797 | $ | 234,941,121 | ||||||||
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||
Compensation payable | $ | 46,200,779 | $ | 61,219,698 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 12,978,317 | 15,984,768 | ||||||||||
Bank loans payable | 3,000,000 | — | ||||||||||
Taxes payable | 42,736,233 | 38,346,740 | ||||||||||
Due to affiliates | 1,445,044 | 1,445,044 | ||||||||||
Total liabilities | 106,360,373 | 116,996,250 | ||||||||||
Minority interest in net assets of affiliates | 2,561,161 | 3,229,537 | ||||||||||
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 31,012,321 and 30,880,024 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively | 310,122 | 308,800 | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units | 14,822,583 | 8,931,618 | ||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 115,236,968 | 109,961,120 | ||||||||||
Retained earnings | 89,307,269 | 57,595,530 | ||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (618,417 | ) | (3,025,186 | ) | ||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost; 2,230,650 and 1,650,496 shares as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively | (95,443,262 | ) | (59,056,548 | ) | ||||||||
Stockholders’ equity | 123,615,263 | 114,715,334 | ||||||||||
Total liabilities, minority interest and stockholders’ equity | $ | 232,536,797 | $ | 234,941,121 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended June 30, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial advisory fees | $ | 53,805,027 | $ | 16,316,783 | $ | 103,120,543 | $ | 55,787,498 | ||||||||||||||||
Merchant banking revenue | 4,894,220 | 12,328,021 | 55,841,349 | 16,262,628 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 644,857 | 817,834 | 1,303,183 | 1,340,019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | 59,344,104 | 29,462,638 | 160,265,075 | 73,390,145 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 26,408,125 | 11,732,768 | 73,576,399 | 31,653,161 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy and equipment rental | 2,324,013 | 1,631,539 | 4,250,239 | 2,963,745 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 622,022 | 646,038 | 1,192,825 | 1,274,161 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Information services | 1,335,528 | 940,560 | 2,166,352 | 1,808,306 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Professional fees | 906,316 | 1,651,947 | 1,653,470 | 2,275,815 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Travel related expenses | 1,577,849 | 1,413,937 | 2,660,877 | 2,404,384 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 4,460,912 | 1,504,300 | 5,856,683 | 3,781,577 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total Expenses | 37,634,765 | 19,521,089 | 91,356,845 | 46,161,149 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income before Tax and Minority Interest | 21,709,339 | 9,941,549 | 68,908,230 | 27,228,996 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Minority interest in net income of affiliate | 43,190 | 130,717 | 1,662,530 | 228,975 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income before Tax | 21,666,149 | 9,810,832 | 67,245,700 | 27,000,021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for taxes | 8,388,704 | 3,557,565 | 25,757,776 | 9,995,017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net Income | $ | 13,277,445 | $ | 6,253,267 | $ | 41,487,924 | $ | 17,005,004 | ||||||||||||||||
Average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 29,494,257 | 30,986,722 | 29,545,870 | 30,950,653 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted | 29,729,213 | 31,080,138 | 29,757,056 | 31,021,351 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.20 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 0.55 | ||||||||||||||||
Diluted | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.20 | $ | 1.39 | $ | 0.55 | ||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in
Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 | Year Ended December 31, 2005 | |||||||||||
Common stock, par value $0.01 | ||||||||||||
Common stock, beginning of the year | $ | 308,800 | $ | 307,500 | ||||||||
Common stock issued | 1,322 | 1,300 | ||||||||||
Common stock, end of the period | 310,122 | 308,800 | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units | ||||||||||||
Restricted stock units, beginning of the year | 8,931,618 | 3,396,714 | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units recognized | 8,720,404 | 9,023,251 | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units delivered | (2,829,439 | ) | (3,488,347 | ) | ||||||||
Restricted stock units, end of the period | 14,822,583 | 8,931,618 | ||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital, beginning of the year | 109,961,120 | 106,743,051 | ||||||||||
Common stock issued | 2,900,557 | 2,344,158 | ||||||||||
Tax benefit from the delivery of restricted stock units | 2,375,291 | 873,911 | ||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital, end of the period | 115,236,968 | 109,961,120 | ||||||||||
Retained earnings | ||||||||||||
Retained earnings, beginning of the year | 57,595,530 | 15,781,529 | ||||||||||
Dividends | (9,776,185 | ) | (13,718,283 | ) | ||||||||
Net income | 41,487,924 | 55,532,284 | ||||||||||
Retained earnings, end of the period | 89,307,269 | 57,595,530 | ||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | ||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, beginning of the year | (3,025,186 | ) | 1,222,235 | |||||||||
Currency translation adjustment | 2,406,769 | (4,247,421 | ) | |||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income, end of the period | (618,417 | ) | (3,025,186 | ) | ||||||||
Treasury Stock, at cost, par value $0.01 per share | ||||||||||||
Treasury stock, beginning of the year | (59,056,548 | ) | (211,926 | ) | ||||||||
Repurchased | (36,386,714 | ) | (58,844,622 | ) | ||||||||
Treasury stock, end of the period | (95,443,262 | ) | (59,056,548 | ) | ||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 123,615,263 | $ | 114,715,334 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements Cash Flows (Unaudited)
For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
Operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 41,487,924 | $ | 17,005,004 | ||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Adjustments to net income: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,192,825 | 1,274,161 | ||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses on investments | (48,693,064 | ) | (11,726,067 | ) | ||||||||
Restricted stock units recognized and common stock issued | 8,792,845 | 4,909,824 | ||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Financial advisory fees receivable | (29,209,850 | ) | 11,990,154 | |||||||||
Due from affiliates | (568,932 | ) | 62,114 | |||||||||
Other receivables and assets | (655,098 | ) | 262,502 | |||||||||
Compensation payable | (15,018,919 | ) | (18,694,656 | ) | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (3,006,451 | ) | (3,399,027 | ) | ||||||||
Minority interest in net assets of affiliates | (668,376 | ) | 959,634 | |||||||||
Taxes payable | 4,389,493 | 1,581,077 | ||||||||||
Cash settlement of restricted stock units | — | (1,988,870 | ) | |||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (41,957,603 | ) | 2,235,850 | |||||||||
Investing activities: | ||||||||||||
Purchase of investments | (2,371,115 | ) | (14,104,193 | ) | ||||||||
Distribution from investments | 59,504,117 | 5,999,994 | ||||||||||
Purchase of securities | (9,584,895 | ) | (99,581,476 | ) | ||||||||
Sale of securities | — | 151,998,146 | ||||||||||
Purchase of property and equipment | (6,619,701 | ) | (780,329 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by investing activities | 40,928,406 | 43,532,142 | ||||||||||
Financing activities: | ||||||||||||
Proceeds of revolving bank debt | 20,500,000 | — | ||||||||||
Repayment of revolving bank debt | (17,500,000 | ) | — | |||||||||
Dividends paid | (9,776,185 | ) | (6,356,384 | ) | ||||||||
Purchase of treasury stock | (36,386,714 | ) | (4,473,415 | ) | ||||||||
Net tax benefit from the delivery of restricted stock units | 2,375,291 | 717,187 | ||||||||||
Net cash used in financing activities | (40,787,608 | ) | (10,112,612 | ) | ||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 2,406,768 | (2,042,922 | ) | |||||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (39,410,037 | ) | 33,612,458 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 83,240,865 | 60,806,951 | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 43,830,828 | $ | 94,419,409 | ||||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | ||||||||||||
Cash paid for interest | $ | 46,361 | $ | — | ||||||||
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds | $ | 19,266,083 | $ | 7,586,460 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
7
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1 — Organization
Greenhill & Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the ‘‘Company’’), is an independent investment banking firm. The Company has clients located throughout the world, with offices located in New York, London, Frankfurt, Toronto and Dallas.
The Company’s activities as an investment banking firm constitute a single business segment, with two principal sources of revenue:
• | Financial advisory, which includes advice on mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters; and |
• | Merchant banking, which includes the management of outside capital invested in the Company’s merchant banking funds, primarily Greenhill Capital Partners (‘‘GCP I’’), Greenhill Capital Partners II (‘‘GCP II’’), (collectively ‘‘GCP’’), and Greenhill Silicon Alley Venture Partners (‘‘GSAVP’’), and the Company’s principal investments in GCP, GSAVP and other merchant banking funds. |
The Company’s U.S. and international wholly-owned subsidiaries include Greenhill & Co., LLC (‘‘G&Co’’), Greenhill Capital Partners, LLC (‘‘GCPLLC’’), Greenhill Aviation Co., LLC (‘‘GAC’’) and Greenhill & Co. Europe Limited (‘‘GCE’’).
G&Co is a registered broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is registered with the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. G&Co is engaged in the investment banking business principally in North America.
GCE is a U.K. based holding company. GCE controls Greenhill & Co. International LLP (‘‘GCI’’), through its controlling membership interest. GCI is engaged in investment banking activities, principally in Europe, and is subject to regulation by the U.K. Financial Services Authority (‘‘FSA’’).
GCPLLC is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. GCPLLC provides investment advisory services to GCP, our private equity funds that invest in a diversified portfolio of private equity and equity related investments. The majority of the investors in GCP are third parties. However, the Company and its employees have also made investments in GCP.
GAC owns and operates an aircraft, which is used for the exclusive benefit of the Company’s employees and their immediate family members.
Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Financial Information
These condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions regarding future events that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and these footnotes, including investment valuations, compensation accruals and other matters. Management believes that the estimates used in preparing its condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include all consolidated accounts of Greenhill & Co., Inc. and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling interest, including GCI, after eliminations of all significant inter-company accounts and transactions. In accordance with revised FASB Interpretation No. 46 (‘‘FIN 46-R’’), ‘‘Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,’’ the Company consolidates the general partners of its merchant banking funds in which it has a majority of the economic interest. The Company does not consolidate the merchant banking funds since the Company, through its general partner and limited partner interests, does not have a majority of the economic interest in such funds and under EITF No. 04-5, ‘‘Accounting for an
8
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Investment in a Limited Partnership When the Investor Is the Sole General Partner and the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights,’’ is subject to removal by a simple majority of unaffiliated third-party investors.
These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2005 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The condensed consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2005 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included herein. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year.
Minority Interest
The portion of the consolidated interests in the general partners of our merchant banking funds which are held directly by employees of the Company are represented as minority interest in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Financial Advisory Fees
The Company recognizes advisory fee revenue when the services related to the underlying transactions are completed in accordance with the terms of its engagement letters. Retainer fees are recognized as advisory fee income over the period in which the related service is rendered.
The Company’s clients reimburse certain expenses incurred by the Company in the conduct of financial advisory engagements. Expenses are reported net of such client reimbursements. Reimbursed expenses totaled $0.9 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively and $2.0 million and $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Merchant Banking Revenues
Merchant banking revenue consists of (i) management fees on the Company’s merchant banking activities, (ii) gains (or losses) on investments in the Company’s investment in merchant banking funds and other principal investment activities, and (iii) merchant banking profit overrides.
Management fees earned from the Company’s merchant banking activities are recognized over the period of related service.
The Company recognizes revenue on investments in its merchant banking funds based on its allocable share of realized and unrealized gains (or losses) reported by such investments.
The Company recognizes merchant banking profit overrides when certain financial returns are achieved over the life of the fund. Profit overrides are calculated as a percentage of the profits over a specified threshold earned by each fund on investments managed on behalf of unaffiliated investors for GCP I and principally all investors, except the Company, in GCP II and GSAVP, and are subject to clawback. Future losses (if any) in the value of the fund’s investments may require amounts previously recognized as profit overrides to be adjusted downward. Accordingly, merchant banking profit overrides are recognized as revenue only after material contingencies have been resolved. See ‘‘Note 3 — Investments’’ for further discussion of the merchant banking revenues recognized.
Investments
The Company’s investments in merchant banking funds are recorded at estimated fair value based upon the Company’s proportionate share of the changes in the fair value of the underlying merchant banking fund’s net assets. Investments primarily include investments in GCP.
9
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Financial Advisory Fees Receivables
Receivables are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The estimate for the allowance for doubtful accounts is derived by the Company by utilizing past client transaction history and an assessment of the client’s creditworthiness. The Company had no bad debt expense for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and recorded bad debt expense of approximately $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005.
Restricted Stock Units
In accordance with the fair value method prescribed by FASB Statement No, 123(R), ‘‘Share-Based Payment’’, which is a revision of FASB Statement No. 123, ‘‘Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation’’, restricted stock units with future service requirements are recorded as compensation expense and generally is amortized over a five-year service period following the date of grant. Compensation expense is determined at the date of grant. As the Company expenses the awards, the restricted stock units recognized are recorded within stockholders’ equity. The Company records dividend equivalents in stockholders’ equity on outstanding restricted stock units that are expected to vest. The Company adopted FASB Statement 123(R) as of January 1, 2005, and it did not have a material effect on the Company's accounting for awards of restricted stock units in its financial statements.
Earnings per Share
The Company calculates earnings per share (‘‘EPS’’) in accordance with FASB Statement No. 128, ‘‘Earnings per Share.’’ Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS plus the dilutive effect of the common stock deliverable pursuant to restricted stock units for which future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. For assets acquired on or after January 1, 2005, depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over the life of the assets. For assets acquired prior to January 1, 2005, depreciation is computed principally by an accelerated method over the life of the assets. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed by the straight-line method over the lesser of the life of the asset or the term of the lease. The change in depreciation method in 2005 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations.
Provision for Taxes
The Company accounts for taxes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 109, ‘‘Accounting for Income Taxes’’, which requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses on the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of its assets and liabilities. The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented as a component of other assets and taxes payable, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign currency assets and liabilities have been translated at rates of exchange prevailing at the end of the periods presented. Income and expenses transacted in foreign currency have been translated at average monthly exchange rates during the period. Translation gains and losses are included in the foreign currency translation adjustment included as a component of other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity.
10
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments approximated fair value.
Securities
Securities represents municipal auction rate securities held by the Company which are treated as available for sale securities under FASB Statement No. 115, ‘‘Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities’’. Auction rate securities have legal maturities in excess of 20 years when issued, but have periodic interest rate resets, generally every seven, twenty-eight or thirty-five days. At June 30, 2006, the Company had a highly diversified portfolio of AAA-rated auction rate securities which generally provide liquidity at par, as they can be sold at regularly scheduled auctions on the interest reset dates. At December 31, 2005, the Company did not hold any municipal auction rate securities.
Accounting Developments
In June 2005, the EITF reached consensus on Issue No. 04-5, ‘‘Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights,’’ which requires general partners (or managing members in the case of limited liability companies) to consolidate their partnerships or to provide limited partners with rights to remove the general partner or to terminate the partnership. The Company, as the general partner of merchant banking partnerships, is required to adopt the provisions of EITF 04-5(i) immediately for partnerships formed or modified after June 29, 2005 and (ii) in the first quarter of 2006 for partnerships formed on or before June 29, 2005 that have not been modified. The Company provides the unaffiliated limited partners in these funds with simple majority rights to remove the general partner or rights to terminate the partnerships and, therefore, the adoption of EITF 04-5 on January 1, 2006 did not have an effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (‘‘FASB’’) issued Interpretation No. 48 (’’FIN 48’’), ’’Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes’’. The Interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, ’’Accounting for Income Taxes’’. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating whether FIN 48 will have an impact to the consolidated financial statements.
Note 3 — Investments
Affiliated Merchant Banking Investments
The Company invests in merchant banking funds for which it also acts as the general partner. In addition to recording its direct investments in the funds, the Company consolidates each general partner in which it has a majority of the economic interest.
The Company recognizes revenue on investments in merchant banking funds based on its allocable share of realized and unrealized gains (or losses) reported by such funds on a quarterly basis. Investments held by merchant banking funds are recorded at estimated fair value. Investments in privately held companies are initially carried at cost as an approximation of fair value and generally adjusted after being held by the fund for one year to the estimated fair value as determined by the general partner of the fund after giving consideration to the cost of the security, the pricing of other sales of securities by the portfolio company, the price of securities of other companies comparable to
11
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
the portfolio company, purchase multiples paid in other comparable third-party transactions, the original purchase price multiple, market conditions, liquidity, operating results and other financial data. Discounts are generally applied to the funds’ privately held investments to reflect the lack of liquidity and other transfer restrictions. Investments in publicly traded securities are valued using quoted market prices discounted for any legal or contractual restrictions on sale. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuations as well as the discounts applied, the estimated fair values of investment in privately held companies may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the securities existed. The values at which the investments are carried are adjusted to fair value at the end of each quarter and volatility in general economic conditions, stock markets and commodity prices may result in significant changes in the fair value of the investments and consequently also that portion of the revenues attributable to the Company’s merchant banking investments.
The Company’s management fee income consists of fees paid by its merchant banking funds and other transaction fees paid by the portfolio companies.
Investment gains from the merchant banking activities are comprised of investment income, realized and unrealized gains from the Company’s investment in GCP and GSAVP, and the consolidated earnings of the respective general partners in which they have a majority economic interest, offset by allocated expenses of the funds. That portion of the earnings of the general partner which are held by employees and former employees of the Company is recorded as minority interest.
The Company makes investment decisions for GCP and GSAVP and is entitled to receive from principally all of the limited partners an override of the profits realized from the funds. The Company includes in consolidated merchant banking revenue all realized and unrealized profit overrides it earns from GCP and GSAVP. This includes profit overrides of the managing general partner of GCP I with respect to all investments it made after January 1, 2004 and the profit overrides of the general partners of GCP II and GSAVP for all investments. From an economic perspective, profit overrides in respect of the investments made after January 1, 2004 are allocated 50% to the Company and 50% to employees of the Company. In addition, the Company also includes in merchant banking revenue its portion and certain employees’ portion of the profit overrides of GCP I with respect to investments made prior to January 1, 2004. The economic share of the profit overrides allocated to the employees of the Company is recorded as compensation expense.
The Company’s Merchant Banking revenue, by source, is as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 3,786 | $ | 3,405 | $ | 7,148 | $ | 4,537 | ||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains on merchant banking investments | 196 | 5,388 | 19,296 | 6,617 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Merchant banking overrides | 1,000 | 3,300 | 29,300 | 4,800 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other unrealized investment income | (88 | ) | 235 | 97 | 309 | |||||||||||||||||||
Merchant banking revenue | $ | 4,894 | $ | 12,328 | $ | 55,841 | $ | 16,263 | ||||||||||||||||
12
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The carrying values of the Company’s investments are as follows:
As of June 30, 2006 | As of December 31, 2005 | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Investment in GCP I | $ | 78,812 | $ | 85,293 | ||||||||
Investment in GCP II | 14,666 | 17,272 | ||||||||||
Investment in GSAVP | 550 | — | ||||||||||
Other investments | 1,667 | 1,570 | ||||||||||
Investments | $ | 95,695 | $ | 104,135 | ||||||||
At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, included in investment in GCP I is $2.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively, related to the interests in the managing general partner of GCP I held directly by various employees of the Company. At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, included in investment in GCP II is $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, related to the interests in the general partner of GCP II held directly by various employees of the Company. At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, approximately $17.1 million and $17.7 million, respectively, of the Company’s compensation payable related to profit overrides for unrealized gains of GCP. This amount may increase or decrease depending on the change in the fair value of the GCP funds portfolio and is payable, subject to claw back, at the time the funds realize cash proceeds.
At June 30, 2006, the Company had unfunded commitments of $6.5 million, $71.8 million and $10.5 million to GCP I, GCP II and GSAVP, respectively. These commitments are expected to be drawn on from time to time over a period of up to five years from the relevant commitment dates.
At June 30, 2006 consolidated subsidiaries of GCP had outstanding borrowings of $168 million from a financial institution pursuant to credit agreements secured by the shares of common stock in a portfolio company owned by them and backed, under limited circumstances, by a recourse agreement issued by GCPLLC.
Summarized financial information for the combined GCP I funds, in their entirety, is as follows:
As of June 30, 2006 | As of December 31, 2005 | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Portfolio Investments | $ | 967,745 | $ | 860,974 | ||||||||
Total Assets | 990,110 | 911,175 | ||||||||||
Total Liabilities | 159,032 | 72,235 | ||||||||||
Partners’ Capital | 831,078 | 838,940 | ||||||||||
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments | $ | (73,206 | ) | $ | 64,635 | $ | 133,873 | $ | 81,285 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized gain on investments | 82,171 | 53,609 | 206,082 | 64,729 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income | 8,591 | 2,189 | 15,998 | 10,578 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses | (4,092 | ) | (2,087 | ) | (6,164 | ) | (4,615 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | 13,464 | 118,346 | 349,789 | 151,977 | ||||||||||||||||||||
13
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Summarized financial information for the combined GCP II funds, in their entirety, is as follows:
As of June 30, 2006 | As of December 31, 2005 | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Portfolio Investments | $ | 164,539 | $ | 152,585 | ||||||||
Total Assets | 172,663 | 162,589 | ||||||||||
Total Liabilities | 30,480 | 3,564 | ||||||||||
Partners’ Capital | 142,183 | 159,025 | ||||||||||
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments | $ | (8,145 | ) | $ | 8,053 | $ | (3,645 | ) | $ | 8,053 | ||||||||||||||
Investment income | 469 | — | 874 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses | (3,973 | ) | (4,526 | ) | (7,061 | ) | (4,526 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | (11,649 | ) | 3,527 | (9,832 | ) | 3,527 | ||||||||||||||||||
On March 31, 2006, the Company completed the initial closing of GSAVP, its first venture capital fund, which will focus on early stage investments in companies in the greater New York Tri-State area. Total committed capital for GSAVP as of its initial closing is $80 million. The Company committed $11 million of the capital raised and the Company’s managing directors committed $20 million of the capital raised. Committed capital is expected to be drawn down from time to time over an investment period of up to five years.
Other Investments
In June 2005, the Company committed $5.0 million to Barrow Street Capital III, LLC (’’Barrow Street III’’), of which $4.8 million remains unfunded at June 30, 2006. The remaining commitment to Barrow Street III will be funded as required through April 2009. Included above in other investments at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, is $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, related to the investment in Barrow Street III.
In 2004, GCP LLC was granted stock options as a transaction fee from a GCP I portfolio company. The options were exercised for common stock, and the fair value of the common stock of $1.4 million and $1.3 million is included in other investments above at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.
Note 4 — Related Parties
At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had a receivable of $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively, due from GCP relating to expense reimbursements, which is included in due from affiliates. At June 30, 2006, the Company had a receivable of $0.2 million due from GSAVP relating to expense reimbursements, which is included in due from affiliates.
Barrow Street Capital, a real estate investment management company, subleases office space from the Company, and reimburses the Company for the use of other facilities and participation in the Company’s health care plans.
A firm owned by an executive of the Company also subleases airplane and office space from the Company.
In April 2005, the Company accelerated the vesting of the restricted stock units granted to the controlling parties of Barrow Street Capital, and in May 2005, the Company settled these restricted
14
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
stock units for cash of $2.0 million. Included in compensation and benefits is $1.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 in expenses related to the restricted stock units granted to the controlling parties of Barrow Street Capital as part of the Company’s initial public offering.
Due to affiliates at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 represents undistributed earnings to the U.K. members of GCI from the period prior to the Reorganization. Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, is $0.1 million in interest payable on the undistributed earnings to the U.K. members of GCI.
Note 5 — Revolving Bank Loan Facility
On January 31, 2006, the Company obtained from a U.S. commercial bank an unsecured $20.0 million revolving loan facility to provide for working capital needs, facilitate the funding of short-term investments and other general corporate purposes. Interest on borrowings is based on one month LIBOR plus 1.875% and interest is payable monthly. The revolving bank loan facility matures on August 1, 2007, but may be extended by a written agreement of lender and borrower. In addition, at least once during the period from January 31, 2006 through August 1, 2007, the Company must repay all loans borrowed under the facility, and it may not borrow again under the facility for a 30-day period following repayment, or demonstrate sufficient liquidity to accomplish the out of debt requirement without the necessity of repaying the outstanding borrowing. On June 30, 2006, the Company had borrowings of $3.0 million outstanding under the facility.
Note 6 — Stockholders’ Equity
On June 14, 2006, a dividend of $0.16 per share was paid to shareholders of record on May 24, 2006. Dividend equivalents of $0.2 million were paid on the restricted stock units that are expected to vest. Additionally, in July 2006, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.19 per share. The dividend will be payable on September 13, 2006 to the common stockholders of record on August 23, 2006.
During the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company repurchased in open market transactions 482,000 shares of its common stock at an average price of $63.46. In July 2006, the Board of Directors of the Company increased the authorization to repurchase up to $40.0 million of common stock in open market transactions. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2006, the Company closed the repurchase of 195,222 shares at a price of $46.80 per share from a former employee. The Company also purchased an additional 48,806 shares of common stock from the same former employee at a price of $48.75 per share. Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company is deemed to have repurchased 49,348 shares of its common stock at an average price of $69.26 per share in conjunction with the payment of tax liabilities in respect of stock delivered to its employees in settlement of restricted stock units.
During the six months ended June 30, 2005, the Company repurchased in open market transactions 99,368 shares of its common stock at an average price of $32.56. Additionally, during the first six months of 2006 the Company is deemed to have repurchased 35,022 shares of its common stock at $35.35 per share in conjunction with the payment of tax liabilities in respect of stock delivered to its employees in settlement of restricted stock units.
15
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 7 — Earnings Per Share
The computations of basic and diluted EPS are set forth below:
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Numerator for basic and diluted EPS – Earnings available to common stockholders | $ | 13,277 | $ | 6,253 | $ | 41,488 | $ | 17,005 | ||||||||||||||||
Denominator for basic EPS – weighted average number of common shares | 29,494 | 30,987 | 29,546 | 30,951 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock units | 235 | 93 | 211 | 70 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Denominator for diluted EPS – weighted average number of common shares anddilutive potential common shares | 29,729 | 31,080 | 29,757 | 31,021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.20 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 0.55 | ||||||||||||||||
Diluted | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.20 | $ | 1.39 | $ | 0.55 | ||||||||||||||||
Note 8 — Income Taxes
The Company’s effective rate will vary depending on the source of the income. Investment and certain foreign sourced income are taxed at a lower effective rate than U.S. trade or business income.
Note 9 — Regulatory Requirements
Certain subsidiaries of the Company are subject to various regulatory requirements in the United States and United Kingdom, which specify, among other requirements, minimum net capital requirements for registered broker-dealers.
G&Co is subject to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Uniform Net Capital requirements under Rule 15c3-1 (the ‘‘Rule’’), which specifies, among other requirements, minimum net capital requirements for registered broker-dealers. The Rule requires G&Co to maintain a minimum net capital of the greater of $5,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined in the Rule. As of June 30, 2006, G&Co’s net capital was $3.1 million, which exceeded its requirement by $1.7 million. G&Co’s aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio was 7.10 to 1 at June 30, 2006. Certain advances, distributions and other capital withdrawals of G&Co are subject to certain notifications and restrictive provisions of the Rule.
GCI is subject to capital requirements of the FSA. As of June 30, 2006, GCI was in compliance with its local capital adequacy requirements.
Note 10 — Business Information
The Company’s activities as an investment banking firm constitute a single business segment, with two principal sources of revenue:
• | Financial advisory, which includes advice on mergers, acquisitions, restructuring and similar corporate finance matters; and |
• | Merchant banking, which includes the management of outside capital invested in GCP and GSAVP and the Company’s principal investments in such funds. |
16
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following provides a breakdown of our aggregate revenues by source for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively:
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
June 30, 2006 | June 30, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||
Amount | % of Total | Amount | % of Total | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial Advisory | $ | 53,805 | 91% | $ | 16,317 | 55% | ||||||||||||
Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other | 5,539 | 9% | 13,146 | 45% | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | $ | 59,344 | 100% | $ | 29,463 | 100% | ||||||||||||
Six Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
June 30, 2006 | June 30, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||
Amount | % of Total | Amount | % of Total | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial Advisory | $ | 103,121 | 64% | $ | 55,787 | 76% | ||||||||||||
Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other | 57,144 | 36% | 17,603 | 24% | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | $ | 160,265 | 100% | $ | 73,390 | 100% | ||||||||||||
The Company’s financial advisory and merchant banking activities are closely aligned and have similar economic characteristics. A similar network of business and other relationships upon which the Company relies for financial advisory opportunities also generate merchant banking opportunities. Generally, the Company’s professionals and employees are treated as a common pool of available resources and the related compensation and other Company costs are not directly attributable to either particular revenue source. In reporting to management, the Company distinguishes the sources of its investment banking revenues between financial advisory and merchant banking. However, management does not evaluate other financial data or operating results such as operating expenses, profit and loss or assets by its financial advisory and merchant banking activities.
Note 11 — Contingencies
In February 2003, the Company was retained to perform services on behalf of Loral Space & Communications, Inc. (’’Loral’’). Loral subsequently sought protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (’’Chapter 11’’). The fees paid by Loral to the Company were approved periodically, on an interim basis, by the court in which Loral's Chapter 11 cases were pending. Loral's plan of reorganization was confirmed in late 2005. In early 2006, representatives of certain Loral securityholders objected to the Company's fees. The objections of one group of securityholders have been denied by the Bankruptcy Court. The Bankruptcy Court, in an order (’’Order’’) entered on July 24, 2006, denied the Company’s motion for summary judgment in respect of the remaining objections (those of the unsecured creditors’ committee (’’UCC’’)) and granted the UCC’s motion for summary judgment in part. One issue relating to the UCC’s objections remains pending before the Bankruptcy Court. Pursuant to the Order, the Company has placed in excess of $4.6 million in escrow, which is the amount the UCC has argued the Company should repay out of the full amount of fees paid to it in connection with the Loral assignment. The UCC has indicated that it will also seek interest on this amount from the time it was paid until it was placed in escrow. The Company intends to continue to contest the UCC’s objections vigorously and to appeal the denial of its summary judgment motion. However, if the UCC’s objections are ultimately sustained by the bankruptcy court and/or the Company’s appeal is denied, the Company may be required to pay to Loral the escrowed amount plus interest.
17
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 12 — Subsequent Events
On July 7, 2006, the Company through a newly formed, wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, Greenhill & Co. Holding Canada Ltd., acquired Beaufort Partners, a Toronto based investment banking firm. The acquired company will operate as Greenhill & Co. Canada Ltd.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, ‘‘we’’, ‘‘our’’, ‘‘firm’’ and ‘‘us’’ refer to Greenhill & Co., Inc.
Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this report. We have made statements in this discussion that are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as ‘‘may’’, ‘‘might’’, ‘‘will’’, ‘‘should’’, ‘‘expect’’, ‘‘plan’’, ‘‘anticipate’’, ‘‘believe’’, ‘‘estimate’’, ‘‘predict’’, ‘‘potential’’ or ‘‘continue’’, the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance, based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Report on Form 10-K under the caption ’’Risk Factors’’.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date hereof.
Overview
Greenhill is an independent investment banking firm that (i) provides financial advice on significant mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters and (ii) manages merchant banking funds and commits capital to those funds. We act for clients located throughout the world from offices in New York, London, Frankfurt, Toronto and Dallas. Our activities constitute a single business segment with two principal sources of revenue:
• | Financial advisory, which includes advice on mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters; and |
• | Merchant banking fund management, which currently consists primarily of management of Greenhill’s private equity funds, Greenhill Capital Partners or GCP, and Greenhill’s venture capital fund, Greenhill Silicon Alley Venture Partners or GSAVP, and principal investments by Greenhill in those funds. |
Historically, the majority of our revenues sources from our financial advisory business and we expect that to remain so for the near to medium term, although there may be periods such as the first quarter of 2006 in which merchant banking results outweighed our financial advisory earnings. The main driver of the Financial Advisory business is overall mergers and acquisitions, or M&A, and restructuring volume, particularly in the industry sectors and geographic markets in which we focus. In addition, new managing director hires add incrementally to our revenue and income growth potential. The principal drivers of our merchant banking fund management revenues are realized and unrealized gains on investments and profit overrides, the size and timing of which are tied to a number of different factors including general economic conditions in the debt and equity markets and other factors which affect the industries in which we invest, such as commodity prices.
Business Environment
Economic and global financial market conditions can materially affect our financial performance. See the ’’Risk Factors’’ in our Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Net income and revenues in any period may not be indicative of full-year results or the results of any other period and may vary significantly from year to year and quarter to quarter.
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Financial advisory revenues were $53.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to $16.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005, which represents an increase of 230%. Financial advisory revenues were $103.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to $55.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005, which represents an increase of 85%. Global volume of completed M&A transactions was $1,280 billion in the first six months of 2006 compared to $854 billion in the first six months of 2005, a 50% increase1 ..
Although we may benefit from any sustained increase in M&A volume, we have been and will continue to be constrained by the relatively small size of our firm and we may not grow as rapidly as our principal competitors. In addition, some of the benefits we expect to experience in connection with the recent increase in M&A volume will be partially offset by the current modest level of restructuring activity.
Merchant banking fund management and other revenues were $5.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to $13.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005, which represents a decrease of 58%. Merchant banking fund management and other revenues were $57.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to $17.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005, which represents an increase of 225%. Merchant banking revenues principally consisted of realized and unrealized gains on investments in GCP, merchant banking profit overrides and management fees. While the amount of management fees earned from our existing merchant banking funds is principally a function of the amount of capital invested (in the case of GCP I) or committed (in the case of GCP II and GSAVP), those portions of merchant banking revenues consisting of gains and profit overrides may vary considerably depending on economic conditions. During the six months ended June 30, 2006, several GCP portfolio companies benefited from favorable conditions in the financing markets. GCP’s energy investments also benefited from strong commodity prices. Conversely, several GCP portfolio companies’ share prices were adversely affected by movements in the public markets in the quarter ended June 30, 2006. Adverse changes in general economic conditions, commodity prices, credit and public equity markets could impact negatively the amount of merchant banking revenue realized by the firm.
Results of Operations
Summary
Our second quarter 2006 revenues of $59.3 million compare with revenues of $29.5 million for the second quarter of 2005, which represents an increase of $29.8 million or 101%. The increase in revenue in the second quarter 2006 revenue as compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily attributable to higher advisory revenue, partially offset by a decline in merchant banking revenue . On a year-to-date basis, revenue through June 30, 2006 was $160.3 million, compared to $73.4 million for the comparable period in 2005, representing an increase of $86.9 million or 118%. The increase in year-to-date revenues is due to both higher advisory fee revenue and higher merchant banking revenue in 2006 compared to 2005.
Our second quarter net income of $13.3 million compares with net income of $6.3 million for the second quarter of 2005, which represents an increase of $7.0 million or 111%. The increase was primarily due to increased financial advisory revenue, partially offset by greater compensation expense and an increase in non-compensation expense. On a year-to-date basis, net income was $41.5 million through June 30, 2006, compared to net income of $17.0 million for the comparable period in 2005, which represents an increase of 144%. This increase was primarily due to increased financial advisory and merchant banking revenues, partially offset by greater compensation expense.
Our quarterly revenues can fluctuate materially depending on the number and size of completed transactions on which it advised and the levels of gain realized on our merchant banking investments, as well as other factors. Accordingly, the revenues in any particular quarter may not be indicative of future results.
1 | Source: Thomson Financial as of July 27, 2006. |
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Revenues By Source
The following provides a breakdown of our aggregate revenues by source for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively:
Revenue by Principal Source of Revenue
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
June 30, 2006 | June 30, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||
Amount | % of Total | Amount | % of Total | |||||||||||||||
(in millions, unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial Advisory | $ | 53.8 | 91% | $ | 16.3 | 55% | ||||||||||||
Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other | 5.5 | 9% | 13.2 | 45% | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | $ | 59.3 | 100% | $ | 29.5 | 100% | ||||||||||||
Six Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
June 30, 2006 | June 30, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||
Amount | % of Total | Amount | % of Total | |||||||||||||||
(in millions, unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial Advisory | $ | 103.1 | 64% | $ | 55.8 | 76% | ||||||||||||
Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other | 57.2 | 36% | 17.6 | 24% | ||||||||||||||
Total Revenues | $ | 160.3 | 100% | $ | 73.4 | 100% | ||||||||||||
Financial Advisory Revenues
Financial advisory revenues consist of retainers and success fees earned in connection with advising companies in mergers, acquisitions, restructurings or similar transactions. We earned $53.8 million in financial advisory revenues in the second quarter of 2006 compared to $16.3 million in the second quarter of 2005, which represents an increase of 230%. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, Financial Advisory Revenues were $103.1 million compared to $55.8 million for the comparable period in 2005, representing an increase of 85%. The increase in our financial advisory revenues in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same periods in the prior year reflected our continuing business development efforts and generally high levels of M&A volume.
Completed assignments in the second quarter of 2006 included:
• | the sale by Akzo Nobel N.V. of its Ink and Adhesive Resins business to Hexion Specialty Chemicals Inc.; |
• | the acquisition by Bayer AG of Schering AG; |
• | the sale by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding AG of its Textile Effects business to Huntsman Corporation; and |
• | the sale by Daily Mail and General Trust plc of Aberdeen Journals Limited to D.C. Thomson & Co Limited. |
We also benefited from a high level of retainer and other advisory fees unrelated to transaction completions.
We also announced the following personnel additions during the second quarter of 2006: the recruitment of a new advisory managing director, Philip Meyer-Horn (Frankfurt-based former head of corporate finance activities for BNP Paribas) and the acquisition of Beaufort Partners, a Toronto-based investment banking firm led by Bradley J. Crompton (the former President of Morgan Stanley Canada) and George C. Estey (the former Chairman and CEO of Goldman Sachs Canada). The acquisition of Beaufort Partners, which now operates under the Greenhill name, closed on July 7, 2006.
Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other Revenues
Our merchant banking fund management activities currently consist primarily of the management of and our investment in Greenhill’s merchant banking funds, GCP I, GCP II and GSAVP. We
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generate merchant banking revenue from (i) management fees paid by the funds, (ii) gains (or losses) on our investments in the merchant banking funds, and (iii) profit overrides. The following table sets forth additional information relating to our merchant banking and interest income:
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 3.8 | $ | 3.5 | $ | 7.2 | $ | 4.5 | ||||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains on merchant banking investments | 0.2 | 5.4 | 19.3 | 6.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Merchant banking overrides | 1.0 | 3.3 | 29.3 | 4.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other unrealized investment income | (0.1 | ) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Merchant banking & other income | $ | 5.5 | $ | 13.2 | $ | 57.2 | $ | 17.6 | ||||||||||||||||
We earned $5.5 million in merchant banking fund management & other revenues in the second quarter of 2006 compared to $13.2 million in the second quarter of 2005, representing a decrease of 58%. This decrease is primarily due to lower realized and unrealized principal investment gains in the Greenhill Capital Partners (‘‘GCP’’) portfolio, a decrease in the recognized amounts of profit overrides associated with gains in the GCP portfolio and a decrease in interest income, offset partially by higher asset management fees resulting from greater assets under management.
For the first six months of 2006, we earned $57.2 million in Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other Revenues compared to $17.6 million in the first six months of 2005, an increase of 225%. These increases are primarily due to higher realized and unrealized principal investment gains in the Greenhill Capital Partners (GCP) portfolio, an increase in the profit overrides associated with gains in the GCP portfolio, higher asset management fees resulting from greater assets under management and higher dividend income and distributions of earnings from portfolio companies. GCP gains and losses relating to investments made in 2004 or later have a larger impact on the our revenue because of our increased investment in, and increased participation in profit overrides relating to, GCP starting in early 2004. The gains recognized in the first six months of 2006 were principally derived from investments made in 2004. As of June 30, 2006, we have recognized gains on a significant number of the portfolio companies in which GCP invested prior to 2005.
The values at which our investments are carried on our books are adjusted to fair value at the end of each quarter based upon a number of factors including the length of time the investments have been held, the trading price of the shares (in the case of publicly traded securities), restrictions on transfer and other recognized valuation methodologies. Significant changes in general economic conditions, stock markets and commodity prices, as well as capital events at the portfolio companies such as initial public offerings or sales, may result in significant movements in the fair value of such investments. Accordingly, any such changes or capital events may have a material effect, positive or negative, on our revenues and results of operations. The frequency and timing of such changes or capital events and their impact on our results are by nature unpredictable and will vary from period to period.
During the second quarter of 2006, one GCP portfolio company completed a secondary public offering, one portfolio company was recapitalized and GCP received quarterly dividends from several of its portfolio companies. In April 2006, Hercules Offshore (NASDAQ: HERO) completed a secondary public offering. GCP sold 32% of its original position in this secondary offering. Including proceeds from the sale of a portion of GCP’s stock in the initial public offering of Hercules, GCP has returned cash significantly in excess of its invested capital in Hercules. In total, GCP (and the firm) earned revenue related to 5 portfolio companies and incurred losses relating to 4 portfolio companies in the second quarter of 2006.
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In terms of new investment activity during the second quarter of 2006, GCP invested an additional $13 million (11% of which was firm capital) (consisting of add-on investments in existing portfolio companies) compared to $74 million (11% of which was firm capital) invested in the same period of 2005.
On March 31, 2006, we announced the initial closing of GSAVP, our first venture capital fund, which will focus on early stage investments in companies in the greater New York Tri-State area. Total committed capital for GSAVP as of its initial closing is $80 million. The firm committed $11 million of the capital raised and the firm’s managing directors have personally committed a further $20 million. The remainder of the committed capital was raised from a variety of institutional investors, as well as from wealthy families and corporate executives. Committed capital is expected to be drawn down from time to time over an investment period of up to five years to fund investments. During the second quarter of 2006 we funded $550,000 of our commitment.
The investment gains or losses in our investment portfolio may fluctuate significantly over time due to factors beyond our control, such as individual portfolio company performance, equity market valuations and merger and acquisition opportunities. Revenue recognized from gains recorded in the first three and six months of 2006 and 2005 are not necessarily indicative of revenue that may be realized in future periods.
Operating Expenses
We classify operating expenses as compensation and benefits expense and non-compensation expenses.
Our operating expenses for the second quarter of 2006 were $37.6 million, which compares to $19.5 million of operating expenses for the second quarter of 2005. This represents an increase in operating expenses of $18.1 million or 93%, which relates principally to an increase in compensation expense and is described in more detail below. The pre-tax income margin was 37% in the second quarter of 2006 compared to 33% for the second quarter of 2005.
For the six months ended June 30, 2006, total operating expenses were $91.4 million, which compares to total operating expenses of $46.2 million for the comparable period in 2005. The increase of $45.2 million or 98% relates principally to an increase in compensation expense and is described in more detail below. The pre-tax income margin for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was 42% compared to 37% for the comparable period in 2005.
The following table sets forth information relating to our operating expenses, which are reported net of reimbursements of certain expenses by our clients and merchant banking portfolio companies:
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee Compensation & Benefits Expense | $ | 26.4 | $ | 11.7 | $ | 73.6 | $ | 31.7 | ||||||||||||||||
% of Revenues | 45 | % | 40 | % | 46 | % | 43 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Non-Compensation Expense | 11.2 | 7.8 | 17.8 | 14.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
% of Revenues | 19 | % | 26 | % | 11 | % | 20 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Total Operating Expense | 37.6 | 19.5 | 91.4 | 46.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
% of Revenues | 63 | % | 66 | % | 57 | % | 63 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Minority Interest in Net Income of Affiliates | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total Income Before Tax | 21.7 | 9.8 | 67.2 | 27.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-tax Income Margin | 37 | % | 33 | % | 42 | % | 37 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Compensation and Benefits
Our employee compensation and benefits expense in the second quarter of 2006 was $26.4 million, which reflects a 45% ratio of compensation to revenues. This amount compares to $11.7 million for the second quarter of 2005, which reflected a 40% ratio of compensation to revenues.
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The increase of $14.7 million or 126% is primarily due to the higher level of revenues in the second quarter of 2006 and a higher ratio of compensation to revenues as well as the impact of increased amortization of previously issued restricted stock units. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, our employee compensation and benefits expense was $73.6 million, which compares against $31.7 million of compensation and benefits expense for the six months ended June 30, 2005. The increase of $41.9 million or 132% is primarily due to the higher level of revenues in the first six months of 2006 compared to the comparable period in 2005 and a higher ratio of compensation to revenues as well as the impact of increased amortization of previously issued restricted stock units. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, the ratio of compensation to revenues was 46%, compared to a 43% ratio of compensation to revenues for the comparable period in 2005.
Our compensation expense is generally based upon revenue and can fluctuate materially in any particular quarter depending upon the amount of revenue recognized as well as other factors. Accordingly, the amount of compensation expense recognized in any particular quarter may not be indicative of compensation expense in a future period.
Non-Compensation Expense
Our non-compensation expense includes the costs for occupancy and rental, communications, information services, professional fees, travel and entertainment, insurance, recruitment, depreciation and other operating expenses. Reimbursable client expenses are netted against non-compensation expenses.
Our non-compensation expenses were $11.2 million in the second quarter of 2006, which compared to $7.8 million in the second quarter of 2005, representing an increase of 44%. The increase is related principally to increases in expenses and provisions for legal contingencies, increases in occupancy and other costs associated with new office space in London and New York, and increases in information services, travel and communications primarily as a result of additional personnel and business development activities, offset in part by the absence of the third-party fee related to fundraising for GCP II in the second quarter of 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005.
For the first six months of 2006, our non-compensation expenses were $17.8 million, which compared to $14.5 million in the first six months of 2005, representing an increase of 23%. The increase is related principally to increases in expenses and provisions for legal contingencies, increases in occupancy and other costs associated with new office space in London, New York and Dallas, and greater information services, travel and communications primarily as a result of additional personnel and business development activities, offset in part by the absence of the third-party fee related to fundraising for GCP II in 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005 and the absence of uncollectible accounts in 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005.
Non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 were 19% and 11%, respectively, compared to 26% and 20% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005. The decrease in these non-compensation expenses as a percentage of revenue in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same periods in 2005 reflects a modest increase in non-compensation expenses compared to significantly greater revenue.
Our non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue can vary as a result of a variety of factors including fluctuation in quarterly revenue amounts, the amount of recruiting and business development activity, the amount of reimbursement of engagement-related expenses by clients, currency movements and other factors. Accordingly, the non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue in any particular quarter may not be indicative of the non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue in future periods.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for taxes in the second quarter of 2006 was $8.4 million, which reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 39%. This compares to a provision for taxes in the second quarter of 2005 of $3.6 million based on an effective tax rate of approximately 36% for the period. The increase in the
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provision for taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the same period in the prior year resulted primarily from higher pre-tax income and a higher effective tax rate applied to a greater proportion of our income that was earned in higher tax rate jurisdictions in the second quarter of 2006 as compared to the second quarter of 2005.
For the six months ended June 30, 2006, the provision for taxes was $25.8 million, which reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 38%. This compares to a provision for taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2005 of $10.0 million based on an effective tax rate of approximately 37% for the period. The increase in the provision for taxes in the first six months of 2006 primarily resulted from higher pre-tax income in the period and a higher effective tax rate primarily due to the fact that a greater proportion of our 2006 year-to-date income was earned in higher tax rate jurisdictions than in the same period in the prior year.
The effective tax rate can fluctuate as a result of variations in the relative amounts of advisory and merchant banking income earned in the tax jurisdictions in which the firm operates and invests. Accordingly, the effective tax rate in any particular quarter may not be indicative of the effective tax rate in future periods.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity position is monitored by our Management Committee, which generally meets monthly. The Management Committee monitors cash, other significant working capital assets and liabilities, debt, principal investment commitments and other matters relating to liquidity requirements. As cash accumulates it is invested in short term liquid investments.
We generate cash from both our operating activities in the form of advisory fees and our merchant banking investments in the form of distributions of investment proceeds and profit overrides. We use our cash primarily for operating purposes, compensation of our employees, payment of income taxes, investments in merchant banking funds, payment of dividends, repurchase of shares of our stock and leasehold improvements.
A large portion of our liabilities (including accrued bonuses related to profit overrides for unrealized gains of GCP and tax liabilities that are deferred until the gains from the GCP investments are realized) are associated with unrealized earnings (i.e., recorded on our books but for which cash proceeds have not yet been received) from our merchant banking investments. The amounts payable for these liabilities may increase or decrease depending on the change in the fair value of the GCP funds and are payable, subject to clawback, at the time the funds realize cash proceeds.
To increase our financial flexibility, on January 31, 2006, we obtained from a U.S. commercial bank an unsecured $20.0 million revolving loan facility to provide for working capital needs, facilitate the funding of merchant banking investments and other general corporate purposes. Interest on borrowings is based on LIBOR plus 1.875%. The revolving bank loan facility matures on August 1, 2007. At June 30, 2006, $3.0 million of borrowings were outstanding on the loan facility.
As of June 30, 2006, we had total commitments (not reflected on our balance sheet) relating to future principal investments in GCP, GSAVP and other merchant banking activities of $93.5 million. These commitments are expected to be drawn on from time to time and be substantially invested over a period of up to five years from the relevant commitment dates.
During the six months ended June 30, 2006, the firm repurchased in open market transactions 482,000 shares of its common stock at an average price of $63.46. In July 2006, the Board of Directors of Greenhill & Co. Inc. increased the authorization to repurchase up to $40.0 million of common stock in open market transactions. Additionally, in early 2006, we closed the repurchase of 195,222 shares at a price of $46.80 per share from a former employee. We also purchased an additional 48,806 shares of common stock from the same former employee at a price of $48.75 per share. Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2006, we are deemed to have repurchased 49,348 shares of its common stock at an average price of $69.26 per share in conjunction with the payment of tax liabilities in respect of stock delivered to its employees in settlement of restricted stock units.
In connection with the legal proceeding described in Part II — Other Information, Item 1 — Legal Proceedings , we placed in escrow $4.6 million on July 28, 2006.
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Cash Flows
In the first six months of 2006, our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $39.4 million from December 31, 2005. We used $42.0 million in operating activities, including a net decrease in working capital of $45.0 million (principally from the payment of annual bonuses and an increase in accounts receivable), partially offset by $3.0 million from net income after giving effect to the non-cash items. We generated $41.0 million in investing activities, including $59.5 million from distributions from our merchant banking investments, partially offset by $9.6 million used for the purchase of auction rate securities and $6.6 million for leasehold improvements and equipment purchases. We used $40.8 million for financing activities, including $36.4 million for the repurchase of our common stock and $9.8 million for the payment of dividends which were partially funded through net borrowings of $3.0 million.
In the first six months of 2005, our cash and cash equivalents increased by $33.6 million from December 31, 2004. We generated $43.5 million in investing activities, including $52.4 million from the net sale of securities and $6.0 million from distributions from our merchant banking investments, partially offset by $14.1 million in new investments in our merchant banking funds. We generated $2.2 million from operating activities, including $11.5 from net income after giving effect to the non-cash items, partially offset by a net decrease in working capital of $9.2 million (principally from the payment of annual bonuses). We used $10.1 million for financing activities, including $6.4 million for the payment of dividends and $4.5 million for the repurchase of our common stock.
Contractual Obligations
On March 31, 2006, affiliates of GCP amended one existing credit agreement and entered into one new credit agreement with Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital, Inc., as administrative agent, and pursuant to which they have borrowed in the aggregate $168 million, secured by the shares of Global Signal Inc. common stock owned by them (which comprises substantially all of their assets). Under the terms of a separate recourse agreement, the lenders will have recourse to Greenhill Capital Partners, LLC in the event of fraud or intentional or grossly negligent misrepresentations by the borrowers or the institution of insolvency proceedings by or against the borrower, Greenhill Capital Partners LLC or the general partners of GCP. Proceeds from the loans were used to fund distributions to GCP’s limited partners, which include executive officers of Greenhill and the firm. The credit agreements mature in September 2007.
Market Risk
We limit our investments to (1) short-term cash investments and other securities, which we believe do not face any material interest rate risk, equity price risk or other market risk and (2) principal investments in Greenhill Capital Partners and other merchant banking funds.
We have invested our cash in short duration, highly rates fixed income investments including highly rated short-term debt securities and money market funds. Changes in interest rates and other economic and market conditions could affect these investments adversely; however, we do not believe that any such changes will have a material effect on our results of operations. Our short-term cash investments are primarily denominated in US dollars, UK sterling and Euros, and we face modest foreign currency risk in our cash balances held in non-US dollar denominated accounts. To the extent that the cash balances in local currency exceed our short term obligations, we may hedge our foreign currency exposure.
With regard to our principal investments (including our portion of any profit overrides earned on such investments), we face exposure to changes in the estimated fair value of the companies in which our merchant banking funds invest, which historically has been volatile. Significant changes in the public equity markets may have a material effect on our results of operations. We have analyzed our potential exposure to general equity market risk by performing sensitivity analyses on our principal investments. Significant volatility in the general equity markets would impact our operations primarily because of changes in the fair value of our merchant banking investments that are publicly traded
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securities or are privately held securities owned for more than one year. Our analysis showed that if we assume that at June 30, 2006, the market prices of all public securities, and therefore, the general equity market, were 10% lower, the impact on our operations would be a decrease in revenues of $8.5 million. We do not believe there would be any other material impact. We meet on a quarterly basis to determine the fair value of the investments held in our merchant banking portfolio and to discuss the risks associated with those investments. The Investment Committee manages the risks associated with the merchant banking portfolio by closely monitoring and managing the types of investments made as well as the monetization and realization of existing investments.
In addition, the reported amounts of our revenues may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between the euro and pound sterling (in which 33% of our revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2006 were denominated) and the dollar, in which our financial statements are denominated. We do not currently hedge against movements in these exchange rates. We analyzed our potential exposure to a decline in exchange rates by performing a sensitivity analysis on our net income. We do not believe we face any material risk in this respect.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions regarding investment valuations, compensation accruals and other matters that affect the condensed consolidated financial statements and related footnote disclosures. Management believes that the estimates used in preparing its consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. We believe that the following discussion addresses Greenhill’s most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.
Basis of Financial Information
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions regarding future events that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and related footnotes, including investment valuations, compensation accruals and other matters. We believe that the estimates used in preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the firm include all consolidated accounts and Greenhill & Co., Inc. and all other entities in which we have a controlling interest, including Greenhill & Co. International LLP, after eliminations of all significant inter-company accounts and transactions. In accordance with revised Financial Accounting Standards Board (‘‘FASB’’) Interpretation No. 46 (‘‘FIN 46-R’’), ‘‘Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities’’, the firm consolidates the general partners of our merchant banking funds in which we have a majority of the economic interest. The firm does not consolidate the merchant banking funds since the firm, through its general partner and limited partner interests, does not have a majority of the economic interest in such funds and under EITF No. 04-5, ‘‘Accounting for an Investment in a Limited Partnership When the Investor Is the Sole General Partner and the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights,’’ is subject to removal by a simple majority of unaffiliated third-party investors.
Revenue Recognition
Financial Advisory Fees
We recognize advisory fee revenue when the services related to the underlying transactions are completed in accordance with the terms of the respective engagement letters. Retainer fees are generally recognized as advisory fee income over the period the services are rendered.
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Our clients reimburse certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by us in the conduct of advisory engagements. Expenses are reported net of such client reimbursements.
Merchant Banking Fund Management Revenues
Merchant Banking Fund Management revenue consists of (i) management fees on our merchant banking activities, (ii) gains (or losses) on investments in our merchant banking funds and other principal investment activities and (iii) merchant banking profit overrides.
Fund management fees are recognized over the period of related service.
We recognize revenue on investments in merchant banking funds based on our allocable share of realized and unrealized gains (or losses) reported by such funds on a quarterly basis. Investments held by merchant banking funds are recorded at estimated fair value. Investments in privately held companies are initially carried at cost as an approximation of fair value and generally adjusted after being held by the fund for one year to the estimated fair value as determined by the general partner of the fund after giving consideration to the cost of the security, the pricing of other sales of securities by the portfolio company, the price of securities of other companies comparable to the portfolio company, purchase multiples paid in other comparable third-party transactions, the original purchase price multiple, market conditions, liquidity, operating results and other financial data. Discounts are generally applied to the funds’ privately held investments to reflect the lack of liquidity and other transfer restrictions. Investments in publicly traded securities are valued using quoted market prices discounted for any legal or contractual restrictions on sale. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuations as well as the discounts applied, the estimated fair values of investment in privately held companies may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the securities existed. The values at which our investments are carried on our books are adjusted to fair value at the end of each quarter and the volatility in general economic conditions, stock markets and commodity prices may result in significant changes in the fair value of the investments.
We recognize merchant banking profit overrides when certain financial returns are achieved over the life of the fund. Profit overrides are calculated as a percentage of the profits over a specified threshold earned by such funds on investments managed on behalf of unaffiliated investors of GCP I, principally all investors, except the firm, in GCP II and GSAVP, and are subject to clawback. Future losses in the value of the fund’s investments may require amounts previously recognized as profit overrides to be reversed to the fund in future periods. Accordingly, merchant banking profit overrides are recognized as revenue only after material contingencies have been resolved.
Restricted Stock Units
In accordance with the fair value method prescribed by FASB Statement No. 123(R), ‘‘Share-Based Payment’’, which is a revision of FASB Statement No. 123, ‘‘Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation’’, restricted stock units with future service requirements are recorded as compensation expense and generally is amortized over a five-year service period following the date of grant. Compensation expense is determined at the date of grant. As the firm expenses the awards, the restricted stock units recognized are recorded within stockholders’ equity. The firm records dividend equivalents in stockholders’ equity on outstanding restricted stock units that are expected to vest. The firm adopted Statement 123(R) as of January 1, 2005, and it did not have a material effect on the accounting for restricted stock units in its consolidated financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We do not believe we face any material interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange risk, equity price risk or other market risk except as disclosed in Item 2 — ‘‘Market Risk’’ above.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of the firm’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the
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firm’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the ‘‘Exchange Act’’)). Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
No change in the firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) occurred during the period covered by this report that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the firm’s internal control over financial reporting.
Part II — Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In February 2003, the firm was retained to perform services on behalf of Loral Space & Communications, Inc. (‘‘Loral’’). Loral subsequently sought protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (’’Chapter 11’’). The fees paid by Loral to Greenhill were approved periodically, on an interim basis, by the court in which Loral's Chapter 11 cases were pending. Loral's plan of reorganization was confirmed in late 2005. In early 2006, representatives of certain Loral securityholders objected to Greenhill's fees. The objections of one group of securityholders have been denied by the Bankruptcy Court. The Bankruptcy Court, in an order (’’Order’’) entered on July 24, 2006, denied Greenhill’s motion for summary judgment in respect of the remaining objections (those of the unsecured creditors’ committee (’’UCC’’)) and granted the UCC’s motion for summary judgment in part. One issue relating to the UCC’s objections remains pending before the Bankruptcy Court. Pursuant to the Order, Greenhill has placed in excess of $4.6 million in escrow, which is the amount the UCC has argued Greenhill should repay out of the full amount of fees paid to it in connection with the Loral assignment. The UCC has indicated that it will also seek interest on this amount from the time it was paid until it was placed in escrow. Greenhill intends to continue to contest the UCC’s objections vigorously and to appeal the denial of its summary judgment motion. However, if the UCC’s objections are ultimately sustained by the bankruptcy court and/or Greenhill’s appeal is denied, Greenhill may be required to pay to Loral the escrowed amount plus interest.
Item 1A: Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Share Repurchases in the Second Quarter of 2006:
Period | Total Number of Shares Repurchased2 | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan or Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
April 1 – April 30 | 33,600 | $ | 70.16 | 33,600 | $ | 34,169,148 | ||||||||||||||||||
May 1 – May 30 | 244,350 | 65.59 | 244,350 | 18,141,440 | ||||||||||||||||||||
June 1 – June 30 | 142,900 | 61.10 | 142,900 | 9,410,401 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Excludes 44,929 shares the Company is deemed to have repurchased at $70.37 from employees in conjunction with the payment of tax liabilities in respect of stock delivered to employees in settlement of restricted stock units. |
3 | These shares were purchased pursuant to the authorization granted by our Board of Directors to purchase up to $40,000,000 in shares of our common stock, as announced on January 25, 2006. Our Board of Directors subsequently, on July 27, 2006, granted a new authorization to purchase up to $40,000,000 of shares of our common stock. |
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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibits:
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date: August 4, 2006
GREENHILL & CO., INC. |
By: /s/ ROBERT F. GREENHILL |
Name: Robert F. Greenhill Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
By: /s/ JOHN D. LIU |
Name: John D. Liu Title: Chief Financial Officer |
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