Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 29, 2014
1933 Act Registration File No. 333-________
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-14
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 [X]
[ ] Pre-Effective Amendment No. ___
[ ] Post-Effective Amendment No. ___
(Check appropriate box or boxes.)
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53233
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (414) 299-2295
Constance Dye Shannon
UMB Fund Services, Inc.
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53233
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copy to:
Michael Glazer
Bingham McCutchen LLP
355 South Grand Avenue, Suite 4400
Los Angeles, CA 90071-3106
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the Registration Statement becomes effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
It is proposed that this filing will become effective on June 30, 2014, pursuant to Rule 488.
Title of Securities Being Registered:
Class I shares of beneficial interest of Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund
No filing fee is required because an indefinite number of shares will be registered pursuant to Rule 24f-2 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Investment Managers Series Trust
Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
(314) 446-6747
_________, 2014
Dear Shareholders:
The Board of Trustees of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”) is asking the shareholders of the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund (the “Fund”), a series of the Trust, to approve the exchange of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund for a newly formed class of shares of the Fund, Class I (the “New Class”). For this purpose, you are invited to a Special Meeting of Shareholders of the Fund (the “Special Meeting”) to be held on July [16], 2014.
The proposed exchange is described in more detail in the attached Prospectus/Proxy Statement. You should review the Prospectus/Proxy Statement carefully and retain it for future reference. If the shareholders of the Fund approve the proposed exchange, the exchange is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2014.
The Fund is currently registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Advisory Research, Inc. (the “Advisor”), the investment advisor of the Fund, has recommended to the Board of Trustees of the Trust that shares of the Fund also be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, so that the Fund may offer its shares to the public. The Board of Trustees has approved such registration. Under the Investment Company Act, the Fund may not issue multiple classes of shares that differ by virtue of registration under the Securities Act. The Advisor therefore wishes the Fund to exchange the currently outstanding shares of the Fund for shares of the New Class, which have been newly created for this purpose and will be registered under the Securities Act.
There will be no change to the Fund’s investment objectives, investment strategies or policies in connection with the proposed exchange. The Fund’s current investment advisor and portfolio managers will continue in their respective roles after the exchange. In addition, there will be no change to the Fund’s investment advisory fee and the Advisor has agreed to continue to maintain the Fund’s current expense ratio (after fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements) at least until July 31, 2015. The exchange is not expected to result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes by the Fund or the Fund’s shareholders. We anticipate that the proposed acquisition will result in benefits to the shareholders of the Fund as discussed more fully in the Prospectus/Proxy Statement.
The Trustees have given careful consideration to the proposed exchange and have concluded that the exchange is in the best interests of the Fund. The Trustees unanimously recommend that you vote “for” the proposed exchange of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund for the shares of the New Class.
If the exchange is approved by its shareholders, each shareholder will receive Class I shares of the Fund. These shares will have an aggregate net asset value (“NAV”) equal to the aggregate NAV of the shareholder’s currently outstanding shares of the Fund. The current class of the Fund would then be closed. Shareholders of the Fund will not be assessed any sales charges or other individual shareholder fees in connection with the proposed exchange.
We welcome your attendance at the Special Meeting. If you are unable to attend, we encourage you to authorize proxies to cast your votes. If we have not received your proxy as the date of the Special Meeting approaches, you may receive a telephone call from the Advisor to remind you to submit your proxy. No matter how many shares you own, your vote is important.
Sincerely,
John P. Zader |
President |
2
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
ADVISORY RESEARCH MLP & ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FUND
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
(314) 446-6747
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
TO BE HELD July [16], 2014
To the Shareholders of Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund:
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that a Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) of the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”), is to be held at [2:00 p.m.] Central time at the offices of [Advisory Research, Inc., at is 8235 Forsyth Boulevard, Suite 700, Saint Louis, Missouri 63105], on July [16], 2014.
At the Special Meeting you will be asked to consider and approve the following proposals:
(1) To approve a Plan of Exchange (the “Plan”) providing for the distribution to Fund shareholders of shares of beneficial interest of the newly created Class I shares of the Fund (the “New Class”) in exchange for their current shares of the Fund; and
(2) To transact such other business as may properly come before the Special Meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof.
Record owners of shares of the Fund as of the close of business on [June 2], 2014, are entitled to vote at the Special Meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof. If you attend the Special Meeting, you may vote your shares in person. If you do not attend the Special Meeting, you may vote by proxy by completing, signing and returning the enclosed proxy card by fax, email or mail in the envelope provided.
Your vote is important. If you have any questions, please contact us at (314) 446-6747 for additional information.
By order of the Board of Trustees
Sincerely,
John P. Zader
Trustee and President
[_________________], 2014
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Special Meeting of Shareholders to be Held on July [16], 2014, or any adjournment or postponement thereof. This Notice and Prospectus/Proxy Statement are available on the internet at www.______________. On this website, you will be able to access the Notice, the Prospectus/Proxy Statement, any accompanying materials and any amendments or supplements to the foregoing material that are required to be furnished to shareholders. We encourage you to access and review all of the important information contained in the proxy materials before voting.
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
ADVISORY RESEARCH MLP & ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FUND
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT!
Dated: June ___, 2014
Question: What is this document and why did you send it to me?
Answer: The attached document is a proxy statement to solicit votes from shareholders of the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”), and a prospectus for the new Class I shares of the Fund (the “New Class”). This combined prospectus/proxy statement is referred to below as the “Proxy Statement.”
The Proxy Statement is being provided to you by the Trust in connection with the solicitation of proxies to vote to approve a Plan of Exchange (the “Plan”), the form of which is attached as Appendix A, regarding the proposed exchange of the outstanding shares of the Fund for shares of the New Class (the “Exchange”) at a special meeting of the Fund’s shareholders (the “Special Meeting”). The Proxy Statement contains the information that shareholders of the Fund should know before voting on the Plan.
Approval of the shareholders of the Fund is needed to proceed with the Exchange, and the Special Meeting will be held on July [16], 2014, to consider the Exchange. If the shareholders of the Fund do not approve the proposed Exchange, then the Exchange will not be implemented.
We are sending this document to you for your use in deciding whether to approve the Plan. This document includes a Notice of Special Meeting of Shareholders, the Proxy Statement and a Proxy Card.
Question: What is the purpose of the Exchange?
Answer: Currently shares of the Fund are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), which means that the shares of the Fund may not be offered to the public and holders of the Fund’s shares may not freely resell them to other persons. Advisory Research, Inc. (the “Advisor), the Fund’s investment advisor, has recommended that the Trust register the Fund’s shares under the Securities Act so that the shares may be publicly offered. The Board of Trustees has approved such registration. Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) the Fund may not offer multiple classes of the Fund that differ by virtue of their registration under the Securities Act. Because all of the Fund’s shares must therefore be registered under the Securities Act, the Advisor has recommended and the Board of the Trustees of the Trust has approved the exchange of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund for the New Class shares, which will be registered under the Securities Act.
The investment objective, policies and strategies of the Fund will not change, and there will be no change to the Fund’s investment advisor, portfolio managers or day-to-day management, in connection with the Exchange. In addition, the advisory fees will remain the same and the Fund’s expense cap will continue in effect at least until July 31, 2015. The Exchange will not change the Trust’s Board of Trustees or the service providers providing co-administration, custody, accounting, transfer agency, distribution and compliance services with respect to the Fund.
2
Upon the recommendation of the Advisor, the Board of Trustees of the Trust has approved the Advisor’s recommendation that the Fund designate the new Class I shares of the Fund. If shareholders of the Fund approve the Exchange, then your shares of the Fund will be exchanged for shares of the New Class.
Question: How will the Exchange work?
Answer: Subject to the approval of the shareholders of the Fund, pursuant to the Plan, the Fund will distribute to Fund shareholders shares of beneficial interest of the New Class in exchange for their current shares of the Fund. Shareholders of the Fund will therefore become shareholders of the New Class, and immediately after the Exchange each shareholder will hold a number of full and fractional shares of the New Class equal in aggregate value at the time of the Exchange to the aggregate value of such shareholder’s shares of the Fund immediately prior to the Exchange. Subsequently, the current class of shares of the Fund will be closed.
We do not expect the transaction will result in the recognition of gain or loss by the Fund or its shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Please refer to the Proxy Statement for a detailed explanation of the proposal.
If the Plan is approved by shareholders of the Fund at the Special Meeting, the Exchange presently is expected to be effective after the close of business (i.e., 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on or about July [18], 2014.
Question: How will the proposed Exchange affect the fees and expenses I pay as a shareholder of the Fund?
Answer: There will be no change to the current annual advisory fee rate paid by the Fund in connection with the Exchange. In addition, the Advisor has agreed that the total operating expenses attributable to the New Class shares of the Fund will continue to be capped at the Fund’s current expense cap level at least until July 31, 2015.
Question: What will happen if the Plan is not approved?
Answer: If the shareholders of the Fund do not approve the proposed Exchange then the Exchange will not be implemented. In such case, the Board, with the recommendation of the Advisor, will consider what further actions to take with respect to the Fund, which may include continuing to offer shares of the Fund through private placements or termination of the Fund.
Question: Why do I need to vote?
Answer: Your vote is needed to ensure that a quorum is present at the Special Meeting so that the applicable proposal can be acted upon. Your immediate response on the enclosed Proxy Card will help prevent the need for any further solicitations for a shareholder vote, which will result in additional expenses. Your vote is very important to us regardless of the amount of shares you own.
Question: What action has the Board of Trustees taken?
Answer: After careful consideration and upon recommendation of the Advisor, the Board has approved the Exchange and authorized the solicitation of proxies “FOR” the Plan.
Question: Who is paying for expenses related to the Special Meeting and the Exchange?
Answer: The Advisor will pay all costs relating to the proposed Exchange, including the costs relating to the Special Meeting and the Proxy Statement. The Fund will not incur any expenses in connection with the Exchange.
3
Question: How do I cast my vote?
Answer: You may return your Proxy Card by fax, email or mail using the enclosed postage-paid envelope. Please follow the enclosed instructions to use these methods of voting. We encourage you to vote via fax or email, which will reduce the time associated with this proxy solicitation.
Question: Who do I call if I have questions?
Answer: We will be happy to answer your questions about the proxy solicitation. Please call (314) 446-6747.
4
COMBINED PROSPECTUS AND PROXY STATEMENT
_________, 2014
FOR THE EXCHANGE OF
Shares of Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
(314) 446-6747
FOR
Class I Shares of Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
(314) 446-6747
This Combined Prospectus and Proxy Statement (this “Proxy Statement”) is being sent to you in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Trustees of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”) for use at a Special Meeting of Shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) of Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund (the “Fund”), a series of the Trust, to be held at the offices of Advisory Research, Inc., at is 8235 Forsyth Boulevard, Suite 700, Saint Louis, Missouri 63105, on July [16], 2014, at 2:00 p.m. Central time. At the Special Meeting, you and the other shareholders of the Fund will be asked to consider and vote separately upon the following proposals, as applicable:
1. To approve a Plan of Exchange providing for the distribution to each shareholder of Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Investment Managers Series Trust, of the number of shares of the newly created Class I shares of the Fund (the “New Class”) equal to and with an aggregate net asset value (“NAV”) equal to the NAV of the Fund shares held by such shareholder; and
2. To transact such other business as may properly come before the Special Meeting or any adjournments thereof.
Shareholders who execute proxies may revoke them at any time before they are voted, either by writing to the Trust, in person at the time of the Special Meeting, or by submitting a later dated Proxy Card.
The Fund is a series of the Trust, an open-end management investment company registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and organized as a Delaware statutory trust.
The following Fund document has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement (which means this document is considered legally to be part of this Proxy Statement):
· | Annual Report to Shareholders of the Fund, dated November 30, 2013. |
The Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, containing audited financial statements, has been previously mailed to shareholders. Copies of this document are available upon request and without charge by writing to the Trust or by calling (314) 446-6747.
This Proxy Statement sets forth the basic information you should know before voting on the applicable proposal. You should read it and keep it for future reference. Additional information is set forth in the Statement of Additional Information dated June ___, 2014, relating to this Proxy Statement, which is also incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement. The Statement of Additional Information is available upon request and without charge by calling (314) 446-6747.
The Trust expects that this Proxy Statement will be mailed to shareholders on or about July [3], 2014.
Date: _________, 2014
The shares offered by this Combined Prospectus and Proxy Statement are not deposits or obligations of any bank, and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. An investment in the Fund involves investment risk, including the possible loss of principal.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. | Proposal - To Approve the Plan of Exchange | 4 |
A. | Overview | 4 |
B. | Fee Table and Example | 5 |
D. | Information About the Proposed Transaction | 8 |
E. | Certain Information About the Fund | 10 |
II. | Voting Information | 18 |
III. | Miscellaneous Information | 19 |
APPENDIX A - Form of Plan of Exchange | A-1 | |
APPENDIX B - Capitalization | B-1 | |
APPENDIX C - Certain Information Regarding Pricing of Shares and How to Purchase and Redeem Shares | C-1 | |
APPENDIX D - Financial Highlights | D-1 | |
APPENDIX E - Voting Securities and Principal Holders | E-1 |
3
I. | Proposal - To Approve the Plan of Exchange |
A. | Overview |
Based on the recommendation of Advisory Research, Inc., (the “Advisor”), the investment advisor for the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”), the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has called the Special Meeting to ask shareholders to consider and vote on the proposed exchange (the “Exchange”) of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund (referred to herein as the “Current Class”) for the newly formed Class I shares of the Fund (the “New Class”). The Board (including a majority of the independent trustees, meaning those trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) believes that the Exchange is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Board considered and approved the Exchange at a Board meeting held on May 20, 2014, subject to the approval of the Fund’s shareholders.
Currently shares of the Fund are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), which means that the shares of the Fund may not be offered to the public and may not be freely resold by Fund shareholders. Pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, shares of the Fund are currently offered only in private offerings to a limited number of qualified persons. The Advisor has recommended that the Fund’s shares be registered under the Securities Act so that the shares may be publicly offered, and the Board has approved such registration. Under the 1940 Act the Fund may not offer multiple classes of the Fund that differ by virtue of their registration under the Securities Act. Because all of the Fund’s shares must therefore be registered under the Securities Act, the Advisor has recommended, and the Board of the Trustees of the Trust has approved, the exchange of shares of the Current Class for shares of the New Class.
The investment objective, policies and strategies of the Fund will not change, and there will be no change to the Fund’s investment advisor, portfolio managers or day-to-day management in connection with the Exchange. The Fund’s advisory fees will remain the same after the Exchange and the Fund’s expense cap will continue at least until July 31, 2015. In addition, the Exchange will not change the Fund’s distribution, purchase and redemption procedures and exchange rights, except that shareholders will no longer have to be qualified or limited in number. Further, the Exchange will not change the Board or the service providers providing co-administration, custody, accounting, transfer agency, distribution and compliance services with respect to the Fund. These services are provided to the Trust by Mutual Fund Administration Corporation (“MFAC”) (co-administration), UMB Fund Services, Inc. (“UMBFS”) (co-administration, fund accounting and transfer agency), UMB Bank, n.a. (custody), and IMST Distributors, LLC (distribution).
Upon the recommendation of the Advisor, the Board has approved the Advisor’s recommendation that the Fund designate the new Class I shares of the Fund. If shareholders of the Fund approve the Exchange of the Fund, then the Fund will distribute to each Fund shareholder shares of the New Class equal in number to, and with an aggregate net asset value (“NAV”) equal to the NAV of, the Fund shares held by such shareholder. The shares of the New Class you receive in connection with the Exchange will be identical in all respects to the shares of the Fund you currently hold except the shares of the New Class will be registered under the Securities Act, which means that the shares will be freely transferrable, and the Fund will be required to disclose certain information that it was not previously required to disclose.
The Trust believes that the Exchange will not result in the recognition of any gain or loss by the Fund or its shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Furthermore, the Fund will not pay for the costs of the Exchange or the Special Meeting. The Advisor will bear the costs associated with the Exchange, Special Meeting, and solicitation of proxies, including the expenses associated with preparing and filing the registration statement that includes this Proxy Statement and the cost of copying, printing and mailing proxy materials. In addition to solicitations by mail, the Advisor also may solicit proxies, without special compensation, by telephone, facsimile or otherwise.
The Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust, believes that the terms of the Exchange are fair and reasonable and that the interests of existing shareholders of the Fund will not be diluted as a result of the proposed Exchange. In approving the Exchange, the Board considered, among other things, that: (1) the Exchange was recommended by the Advisor; (2) over time, the registration of the Fund’s shares under the Securities Act would likely result in growth of the Fund’s assets and, as a result, potentially reduce the Fund’s expenses; (3) the investment objective, policies and strategies of the Fund will not change in connection with the Exchange; (4) the Advisor and the same portfolio managers will continue to provide the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio; (5) the Advisor has agreed that the Fund’s total operating expenses will be capped at the Fund’s current level at least until July 31, 2015; (6) the Fund not will bear the cost of the Exchange; and (7) the Exchange is not expected to result in the recognition of any gain or loss by the Fund or its shareholders for federal income tax purposes.
4
Based on the Advisor’s recommendation, the Board approved the solicitation of the shareholders of the Fund to vote “FOR” the approval of the Plan of Exchange (the “Plan”), the form of which is attached to this Proxy Statement in Appendix A.
B. | Fee Table and Example |
The following table shows the fees for the Fund based on the Fund’s fiscal year ended November 30, 2013. There will be no change to the Fund’s fees and expenses in connection with the Exchange.
Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases | None |
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) | None |
Redemption fee if redeemed within 90 days of purchase (as a percentage of amount redeemed) | 2.00% |
Wire fee | $20 |
Overnight check delivery fee | $15 |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management fees | 0.75% |
Distribution (Rule 12b-1) fees | None |
Other expenses | 0.65% |
Total annual fund operating expenses1 | 1.40% |
Fees waived and/or expenses reimbursed | (0.40%) |
Total annual fund operating expenses after waiving fees and/or reimbursing expenses1 | 1.00% |
1 | The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Fund to ensure that total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.00% of average daily net assets of the Fund. This agreement is in effect until July 31, 2015, and may be terminated before that date only by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. The Advisor is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Fund, subject to certain limitations, of fees waived or payments made to the Fund for a period of three years from the date of the waiver or payment. |
5
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. There will be no change to this example in connection with the Exchange.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
One Year | Three Years | Five Years | Ten Years |
$102 | $404 | $728 | $1,645 |
C. | Principal Risks of Investing |
Risk is inherent in all investing. A summary description of certain risks of investing in the Fund is set forth below. Before you decide whether to invest in the Fund, carefully consider these risk factors associated with investing in the Fund, which may cause investors to lose money. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives. There will be no change to the Fund’s principal risks in connection with the Exchange.
· | Market Risk. The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. |
· | Sector Concentration Risk. The Fund may invest a larger portion of its assets in one or more sectors than many other mutual funds, and thus may be more susceptible to negative events affecting those sectors. |
· | Equity Risk. The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests. |
· | MLP Units Risk. An investment in MLP units involves some risks which differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units generally have limited control and voting rights on matters affecting the partnership. The value of the Fund’s investment in MLPs depends largely on the MLPs being treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If an MLP does not meet current legal requirements to maintain partnership status, or if it is unable to do so because of tax law changes, it would be taxed as a corporation and there could be a material decrease in the value of its securities. |
· | General MLP Risk. MLPs historically have shown sensitivity to interest rate movements. In an increasing interest rate environment, MLPs may experience upward pressure on their yields in order to stay competitive with other interest rate sensitive securities. Also, a significant portion of the market value of an MLP may be based upon its current yield. Accordingly, the prices of MLP units may be sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates and may decline when interest rates rise. |
· | Energy and Natural Resource Company Risk. Under normal circumstances, the Fund concentrates its investments in the energy infrastructure sector and may invest a significant portion of its assets in the natural resources sector of the economy, which includes a number of risks, including the following: supply and demand risk, depletion and exploration risk, marine transportation companies risk, regulatory risk, commodity pricing risk, weather risk, cash flow risk, affiliated party risk, catastrophe risk, acquisition risk, and natural resources sector risk. |
6
· | Small-Cap and Mid-Cap Company Risk. The securities of small-capitalization and mid-capitalization companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements and may have lower trading volumes or more erratic trading than securities of larger, more established companies or market averages in general. In addition, such companies typically are more likely to be adversely affected than large capitalization companies by changes in earning results, business prospects, investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions. |
· | Fixed Income Securities Risk. The prices of fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to changes in an issuer’s credit rating or market perceptions about the creditworthiness of an issuer. Generally fixed income securities decrease in value if interest rates rise and increase in value if interest rates fall, and longer-term and lower rated securities are more volatile than shorter-term and higher rated securities. |
· | Credit Risk. If an issuer or guarantor of a debt security held by the Fund or a counterparty to a financial contract with the Fund defaults or is downgraded or is perceived to be less creditworthy, or if the value of the assets underlying a security declines, the value of the Fund’s portfolio will typically decline. |
· | High Yield (“Junk”) Bond Risk. High yield bonds are debt securities rated below investment grade (often called “junk bonds”). Junk bonds are speculative, involve greater risks of default, downgrade, or price declines and are more volatile and tend to be less liquid than investment-grade securities. Companies issuing high yield bonds are less financially strong, are more likely to encounter financial difficulties, and are more vulnerable to adverse market events and negative sentiments than companies with higher credit ratings. |
· | Tax Risk. The Fund has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify each year for treatment, as a “regulated investment company” under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”). To maintain qualification for federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company under the Code, the Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements, as discussed in detail below under “Federal Income Tax Consequences.” |
Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to the Fund from investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the Fund’s taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the Fund’s income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deductions were taken by the Fund, and even though those shareholders will not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. In order to distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, the Fund may need to liquidate investments, which may lead to additional recapture income.
· | Derivatives Risk. Derivatives include instruments and contracts that are based on and valued in relation to one or more underlying securities, financial benchmarks, indices, or other reference obligations or measures of value. Major types of derivatives include futures, options, swaps and forward contracts. Using derivatives can have a leveraging effect and increase fund volatility. Derivatives can be highly illiquid and difficult to unwind or value, and changes in the value of a derivative held by the Fund may not correlate with the value of the underlying instrument or the Fund’s other investments. Many of the risks applicable to trading the instruments underlying derivatives are also applicable to derivatives trading. However, additional risks are associated with derivatives trading that are possibly greater than the risks associated with investing directly in the underlying instruments. These additional risks include illiquidity risk and counterparty credit risk. A small investment in derivatives could have a potentially large impact on the Fund’s performance. Financial reform laws have changed many aspects of financial regulation applicable to derivatives. Once implemented, new regulations, including margin, clearing, and trade execution requirements, may make derivatives more costly, may limit their availability, may present different risks or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of these instruments. The extent and impact of these regulations are not yet fully known and may not be known for some time. |
7
· | Options Risk. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. The Fund may not fully benefit from or may lose money on an option if changes in its value do not correspond as anticipated to changes in the value of the underlying securities. If the Fund is not able to sell an option held in its portfolio, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of the underlying securities. Ownership of options involves the payment of premiums, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance. To the extent that the Fund invests in over-the-counter options, the Fund may be exposed to counterparty risk. |
· | Futures Risk. The Fund’s use of futures contracts (and related options) exposes the Fund to leverage and tracking risks because a small investment in futures contracts may produce large losses and futures contracts may not be perfect substitutes for securities. |
· | Leveraging Risk. Certain transactions, including the use of derivatives, may give rise to a form of leverage. To mitigate leveraging risk, the Fund’s custodian will segregate or identify liquid assets or otherwise cover the transactions that may give rise to such risk. |
· | Hedging Risk. It is not possible to hedge fully or perfectly against any risk. While hedging can reduce losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains or cause losses if the market moves in a different manner than anticipated by the Fund or if the cost of the derivative outweighs the benefit of the hedge. Hedging also involves the risk that changes in the value of the derivative will not match those of the holdings being hedged as expected by the Fund, in which case any losses on the holdings being hedged may not be reduced or may be increased. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s hedging strategies will be effective or that hedging transactions will be available to the Fund. The Fund is not required to engage in hedging transactions at any given time or from time to time, even under volatile market environment and the Fund may choose not to do so from time to time. |
· | Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. Investment in securities of a limited number of issuers exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potential losses than if its assets were diversified among the securities of a greater number of issuers. |
· | Management and Strategy Risk. The value of your investment depends on the judgment of the Fund’s advisor about the quality, relative yield, value or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, which may prove to be incorrect. Investment strategies employed by the Fund’s advisor in selecting investments for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other investments. |
D. | Information about the Proposed Transaction |
The following is a summary of key information concerning the Exchange. Keep in mind that more detailed information appears in the Plan, the form of which is attached to this Proxy Statement as Appendix A.
Summary of the Proposed Exchange
At the Special Meeting, the shareholders of the Fund will be asked to approve the Plan. The New Class is a newly designated class of the Fund that will commence operations upon consummation of the Exchange. If the Plan is approved by the shareholders of the Fund and the Exchange is consummated, the Fund will distribute to each Fund shareholder the number of shares of the New Class equal to and with an aggregate NAV equal to the aggregate NAV of the Fund shares held by such shareholder. This will be effected by the Fund’s transfer agent recording the transfer of such New Class shares to each such shareholder in the Fund’s records and cancelling the shares of the Current Class in the Fund’s records. The Current Class will then be closed. The expenses associated with the Exchange will not be borne by the Fund’s shareholders. Shares will be held in book entry form only. Paper certificates will not be issued.
8
Until the Closing, shareholders of the Fund will continue to be able to redeem their shares at the NAV per share next determined after receipt by the Fund’s transfer agent of a redemption request in proper form. Redemption and purchase requests received by the transfer agent after the Closing will be treated as requests received for the redemption of shares of the New Class received by the shareholder in connection with the Exchange or the purchase of New Class shares. After the Exchange, all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Current Class will be canceled on the books of the Fund. If the Exchange is consummated, shareholders will be free to redeem the shares of the New Class that they receive in the transaction at their then-current NAV per share. Shareholders would also be able to sell their shares of the Fund to other persons without any restrictions imposed by the Securities Act if they wished to do so, although the Fund currently does not have procedures in place to allow for such sales. Shareholders of the Fund may wish to consult their tax advisors as to any different consequences of redeeming their shares prior to the Exchange or exchanging such shares for shares of the New Class in the Exchange.
The Exchange is subject to a number of conditions, including the approval of the Plan by the shareholders of the Fund. Assuming satisfaction of the conditions in the Plan, the closing date of the Exchange is expected to be July [18], 2014, or another date agreed to by the Trust.
The Advisor has agreed to pay all direct costs relating to the Exchange, including the costs relating to preparing and filing the registration statement that includes this Proxy Statement. The Advisor also will incur the direct costs associated with the solicitation of proxies, including the cost of copying, printing and mailing proxy materials. Expenses relating to the Exchange are estimated to be approximately $60,000.
The Plan may be amended by the Board notwithstanding approval thereof by the Fund’s shareholders, provided that no such amendment after that approval may have a material adverse effect on those shareholders’ interests. In addition, the Plan may be terminated at or before the Closing by the Board for any reason.
Description of the Shares to be Issued
New Class shares of the Fund issued to the shareholders of the Fund pursuant to the Exchange will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable when issued and will be transferable without restriction and will have no preemptive or conversion rights. New Class shares will be sold and redeemed based upon their NAV per share next determined after receipt of the purchase or redemption request, as described in Appendix B to this Proxy Statement.
Reasons for the Exchange
At the Trust’s Board Meeting held on May 20, 2014, Trust management indicated that the Advisor had recommended that the Trustees approve and recommend to Fund shareholders for their approval the proposed Plan and the Exchange. At the meeting, the Trustees reviewed information provided by the Advisor and the factors discussed below from the point of view of the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. After careful consideration, the Trustees (including all Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund, the Advisor or its affiliates) determined that the Exchange would be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Trustees approved the Plan and the Exchange and recommended that the shareholders of the Fund vote in favor of the Exchange by approving the Plan.
The Board considered that currently shares of the Fund may not be offered to the public, and that the Advisor had recommended that the Trust register the Fund’s shares under the Securities Act so that the shares may be publicly offered. The Board noted that under the 1940 Act the Fund may not offer multiple classes of the Fund that differ by virtue of their registration under the Securities Act. Because all of the Fund’s shares would therefore be required to be registered under the Securities Act, the Advisor had recommended the exchange of the shares of the Current Class for shares of the New Class. The Board considered that over time, the Advisor expected the Fund’s shareholders would benefit from the Exchange because the registration of the Fund’s shares under the Securities Act would likely result in growth of the Fund’s assets and, as a result, potentially reduce the Fund’s expenses.
9
In recommending the proposed Acquisition, the Trustees (with the advice and assistance of independent counsel) also considered, among other things,
· | the terms of the proposed Exchange, including the anticipated tax-free nature of the transaction for the Fund and its shareholders; |
· | that the Fund’s investment objectives and investment strategies and policies would not change in connection with the Exchange; |
· | that the Advisor and the portfolio managers of the Fund will continue in their respective roles after the Exchange; |
· | that the advisory fees to be paid to the Advisor under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement would not change in connection with the Exchange and that the Advisor had agreed to maintain the Fund’s current expense limitation at least until July 31, 2015; |
· | that the Exchange would not result in the dilution of shareholders’ interests; and |
· | that the Advisor will bear the costs of the proposed Exchange. |
Based on the foregoing and additional information presented at the Board meeting discussed above, the Trustees determined that registration of the Fund under the Securities Act and effecting the Exchange would be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Trustees approved 1) registration of the Fund’s shares under the Securities Act, 2) the Exchange, subject to approval by shareholders of the Fund, and 3) the solicitation of the shareholders of the Fund to vote “FOR” the approval of the Plan.
Federal Income Tax Consequences
The Exchange is not expected to result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes by the Fund or the Fund’s shareholders. Shareholders of the Fund are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the Exchange in light of their individual circumstances. Because the foregoing only relates to the federal income tax consequences of the Exchange, those shareholders also should consult their tax advisors as to foreign, state and local tax consequences, if any, of the Exchange.
Capitalization Information
For information on the existing capitalization of the Current Class and pro forma capitalization of the New Class, see Appendix B.
E. | Certain Information About the Fund |
SUMMARY INFORMATION
Investment Objectives |
The investment objectives of the Fund are primarily to seek current income and secondarily to seek long-term capital appreciation.
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 56% of the average value of its portfolio.
10
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets in equity and debt securities of master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) focused in the energy infrastructure sector, and in equity and debt securities of other companies focused in the energy infrastructure sector. Companies focused in the energy infrastructure include MLP parent companies and other MLP affiliates (together with MLPs, “MLP Entities”), which may invest their assets in varying degrees in MLPs. Some of these parent companies and other affiliates primarily own equity interests in MLPs, while others may jointly own assets with MLPs, and still others may only invest small portions of their assets in equity interests of MLPs. The Fund’s Advisor considers the energy infrastructure sector to be comprised of companies that engage in one or more aspects of exploration, production, gathering, processing, refining, transmission, marketing, storage and delivery of energy products such as natural gas, natural gas liquids (including propane), crude oil, refined petroleum products or coal; oilfield services, including drilling, cementing and stimulations; the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity; water and wastewater treatment, distribution and disposal; or the generation, transportation and sale of alternative, non-fossil fuel based energy sources including, but not limited to, biodiesel, ethanol, biomass, geothermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar or wind energy. The Advisor considers a company to be focused in the energy infrastructure sector if at least 50% of the company’s assets are utilized in one or more of these activities. The Fund will also invest in MLP Entities and other companies operating in the natural resources sector, which includes companies principally engaged in owning or developing non-energy natural resources (including timber and minerals) and industrial materials, or supplying goods or services to such companies.
The Fund intends to limit its direct investment in MLP equity units to no more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets. However, the Advisor will seek to invest the Fund’s remaining assets in such a way as to provide, in total, a high level of correlation with MLP equities. These other investments may include equity and debt securities of entities that own interests in MLPs or assets owned in common with MLPs. The Fund will also invest in securities of entities that operate in industries similar to MLPs, such as energy infrastructure, even though such entities have no direct affiliation with an MLP.
The Fund will purchase securities across the capital structure of MLP Entities, including equity and debt securities of MLPs and their affiliates. The Fund may invest in equity securities of MLP Entities and other issuers without regard for their market capitalizations.
The Advisor intends to allocate the Fund’s assets towards the mix of equity and debt securities it deems appropriate based upon its view of economic, market, and political conditions. As a result of this asset allocation, the Fund’s portfolio may, at times, be significantly invested in either equity or debt securities, or both. The Fund will only purchase debt securities which, at the time of acquisition, are rated at least B3 by Moody’s or B- by Standard & Poor’s or are comparably rated by another statistical rating organization, or , if unrated, are determined by the Fund’s advisor to be of comparable credit quality. The Fund may invest in debt securities of any maturity. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers.
In certain market environments, the Fund may, but is not required to, use various hedging techniques, such as the buying and selling of options and futures contracts, to seek to mitigate one or more risks associated with investments in MLPs and energy infrastructure assets including market risk and interest rate risk, which, among other factors, could adversely affect market valuations of specific securities or certain sectors of the energy MLP and energy infrastructure market place, or the Fund’s overall portfolio.
Performance
The bar chart and table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with the average annual total returns of a broad-based market index. The Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
11
Calendar-Year Total Return (before taxes)
For each calendar year at NAV
The year-to-date return as of March 31, 2014, was 4.43%.
Highest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV | 16.83% | Quarter Ended 12/31/2011 |
Lowest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV | (8.63)% | Quarter Ended 9/30/2011 |
Average Annual Total Returns ended December 31, 2013 | One Year | Since Inception | Inception Date |
Return Before Taxes | 20.14% | 15.58% | September 9, 2010 |
Return After Taxes on Distributions* | 18.20% | 13.80% | September 9, 2010 |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* | 12.85% | 12.24% | September 9, 2010 |
Alerian MLP Index (does not reflect deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 27.58% | 17.64% | September 9, 2010 |
* | After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After–tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. |
Investment Advisor
The Investment Advisor is Advisory Research, Inc. (“ARI”). ARI’s MLP & Energy Infrastructure Team (formerly FAMCO MLP and hereinafter referred to as the “MLP Team”) is responsible for investment of the Fund’s assets.
Portfolio Managers
James J. Cunnane, Jr., CFA, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of the MLP Team, and Quinn T. Kiley, Managing Director and Senior Portfolio Manager of the MLP Team, have been portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in August 2010.
12
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
To purchase shares of the Fund, you must invest at least the minimum amount.
Minimum Investments | To Open Your Account | To Add to Your Account |
Direct Regular Accounts | $5,000,000 | $500 |
Direct Retirement Accounts | $5,000,000 | $500 |
Automatic Investment Plan | $5,000,000 | $100 |
Gift Account For Minors | $5,000,000 | $500 |
Fund shares are redeemable on any business day the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open for business, by written request or by telephone.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable, and will ordinarily be taxed as ordinary income, qualified dividend income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Shareholders investing through such tax-deferred accounts may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those accounts. A portion of the Fund’s distributions may be treated as a tax-deferred return of capital for federal income tax purposes.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
MORE ABOUT THE FUND’S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
Investment Objectives
The Fund’s investment objectives are primarily to seek current income and secondarily to seek long-term capital appreciation. The Fund’s investment objectives are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval, upon at least 60 days’ written notice to shareholders. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets in equity and debt securities of master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) focused in the energy infrastructure sector, and in equity and debt securities of other companies focused in the energy infrastructure sector. Companies focused in the energy infrastructure include MLP parent companies and other MLP affiliates (together with MLPs, “MLP Entities”), which may invest their assets in varying degrees in MLPs. Some of these parent companies and other affiliates primarily own equity interests in MLPs, while others may jointly own assets with MLPs, and still others may only invest small portions of their assets in equity interests of MLPs. The Advisor considers the energy infrastructure sector to be comprised of companies that engage in one or more aspects of exploration, production, gathering, processing, refining, transmission, marketing, storage and delivery of energy products such as natural gas, natural gas liquids (including propane), crude oil, refined petroleum products or coal; oilfield services, including drilling, cementing and stimulations; the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity; water and wastewater treatment, distribution and disposal; or the generation, transportation and sale of alternative, non-fossil fuel based energy sources including, but not limited to, biodiesel, ethanol, biomass, geothermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar or wind energy. The Advisor considers a company to be focused in the energy infrastructure sector if at least 50% of the company’s assets are utilized in one or more of these activities. The Fund will also invest in MLP Entities and other companies operating in the natural resources sector, which includes companies principally engaged in owning or developing non-energy natural resources (including timber and minerals) and industrial materials, or supplying goods or services to such companies.
13
The Advisor believes the Fund’s performance will be highly, but not exactly, correlated to the same fundamentals that drive MLP equity returns. By allocating the Fund’s investments among equity and debt securities, the Advisor expects that, over time, the Fund will tend to benefit from a high level of current income with greater liquidity and less volatility than a similarly sized portfolio comprised solely of MLP equities. The Advisor further believes that in strong positive MLP equity markets the Fund may not achieve as favorable returns as a portfolio comprised solely of MLP equities; conversely, in weak MLP equity markets the Fund may have more favorable returns than such a portfolio.
The Fund intends to limit its direct investment in MLP equity units to no more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets. However, the Advisor will seek to invest the Fund’s remaining assets in such a way as to provide, in total, a high level of correlation with MLP equities. These other investments may include equity and debt securities of entities that own interests in MLPs or assets owned in common with MLPs. The Fund will also invest in securities of entities that operate in industries similar to MLPs, such as energy infrastructure, even though such entities have no direct affiliation with an MLP.
The Fund will purchase securities across the capital structure of MLP Entities, including equity and debt securities of MLPs and their affiliates. The Fund may invest in equity securities of MLP Entities and other issuers without regard for their market capitalizations.
The Advisor intends to allocate the Fund’s assets towards the mix of equity and debt securities it deems appropriate based upon its view of economic, market, and political conditions. As a result of this asset allocation, the Fund’s portfolio may, at times, be significantly invested in either equity or debt securities, or both.
The Advisor’s MLP-dedicated investment committee conducts fundamental and quantitative research on specific MLPs and on the energy infrastructure sector for the purpose of identifying potential investment ideas for the Fund. The Advisor will typically sell a position held by the Fund due to changes in the Advisor’s strategic outlook or fundamental changes at a specific MLP. The Advisor also may sell a position because of the Fund’s risk controls concerning position concentrations or the performance of an MLP relative to its particular sub-sector or to the MLP group as a whole.
Master Limited Partnerships
An MLP is an entity receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code, the partnership interests or “units” of which are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. To qualify for treatment as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, “publicly traded partnership,” such as an MLP, must receive at least 90% of its income from qualifying sources such as interest, dividends, income and gain from mineral or natural resources activities, income and gain from the transportation or storage of certain fuels, and, in certain circumstances, income and gain from commodities or futures, forwards and options with respect to commodities. For this purpose, mineral or natural resources activities include exploration, development, production, mining, refining, marketing and transportation (including pipelines), of oil and gas, minerals, geothermal energy, fertilizer, timber or industrial source carbon dioxide.
A typical MLP consists of a general partner and limited partners; however, some entities receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code are established as limited liability companies (LLCs). The general partner manages the partnership, and has an ownership stake in the partnership, and in some cases the general partners are eligible to receive incentive distributions. The limited partners provide capital to the partnership, receive common units of the partnership, have a limited role in the operation and management of the partnership and are entitled to receive cash distributions with respect to their units. Currently, most MLPs operate in the energy, natural resources and real estate sectors. Due to their partnership structure, MLPs generally do not pay income taxes. Thus, unlike investors in corporate securities, direct MLP investors are generally not subject to double taxation (i.e., corporate level tax and tax on corporate dividends).
14
The Advisor believes that MLPs are attractive investments for several reasons, including: higher yields relative to most common equity and investment grade debt, generally low correlation to other asset classes, cash flows that remain relatively stable regardless of broader market conditions, and the potential for deferred taxation for taxable investors. Many of these characteristics of MLPs stem from the underlying assets in the energy infrastructure sector. In the Advisor’s opinion, those assets are generally in demand and are critical components in a fully-functioning economy. These characteristics tend to reduce the extent to which MLP fundamentals correlate to broader market conditions over the long term. In addition, assets held by MLPs depreciate in value, which provides the potential for taxable investors to benefit from tax-deferred growth of their investments.
MLP I-Shares
MLP I-shares (“I-Shares”) represent ownership interests issued by MLP affiliates. The returns of these equity securities have historically correlated very highly with the returns of MLP equities.. The affiliate issuing the I-Shares uses the proceeds from the sale of the I-Shares to purchase limited partnership interests in an MLP in the form of I-units, which have similar features as MLP common units in terms of voting rights, liquidation preferences and distributions, except that distributions by an MLP to an I-unit holder are made in the form of additional I-units, generally equal in value to the cash distributed to a common unit holder of the MLP. Distributions to an I-Share holder are made in the form of additional I-Shares, generally equal in value to the value of I-units distributed to the I-Share issuer.
Common Stock of Energy Infrastructure Companies
The Fund may increase its equity exposure to companies in the energy infrastructure sector by purchasing the common stock of entities that, in the Advisor’s opinion, are likely to perform similarly to MLPs because they generally own and operate energy infrastructure. These companies are generally treated as corporations for tax purposes, but in some cases they have low effective tax rates. In making these types of investments for the Fund, the Advisor will seek to identify companies with the potential to produce a high level of yield.
Fixed Income Securities
The Fund may invest in the debt securities of MLP Entities and other issuers. These include both investment grade debt securities and high yield debt securities (often called “junk bonds”), which are securities rated below investment grade (that is, rated Ba or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or BB or lower by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”), comparably rated by another statistical rating organization, or, if unrated, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable credit quality). Junk bonds are speculative in nature. The Fund will only purchase debt securities which, at the time of acquisition, are rated at least B3 by Moody’s or B- by S&P, comparably rated by another statistical rating organization, or, if unrated, are determined by the Advisor to be of comparable credit quality. The Fund may invest in debt securities of any maturity.
Hedging Techniques
In certain market environments, the Fund may, but is not required to, use various hedging techniques, such as the buying and selling of options and futures contracts, to seek to mitigate one or more risks associated with investments in MLPs and energy infrastructure assets including market risk and interest rate risk, which, among other factors, could adversely affect market valuations of specific securities or certain sectors of the energy MLP and energy infrastructure market place, or the Fund’s overall portfolio.
It is not possible to hedge fully or perfectly against any risk. While hedging can reduce losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains or cause losses if the market moves in a different manner than anticipated by the Fund or if the cost of the derivative outweighs the benefit of the hedge. Hedging also involves the risk that changes in the value of the derivative will not match those of the holdings being hedged as expected by the Fund, in which case any losses on the holdings being hedged may not be reduced or may be increased. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s hedging strategies will be effective or that hedging transactions will be available to the Fund. The Fund is not required to engage in hedging transactions at any given time or from time to time, even under volatile market environment and the Fund may choose not to do so from time to time.
15
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, including securities that are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or that otherwise may not be sold in a public offerings, which are commonly known as “restricted” securities. The Fund will typically acquire restricted securities in directly negotiated transactions. In addition these restricted securities may be issued by companies that otherwise do not have a class of securities registered with the SEC. In some instances, the Advisor may invest the Fund’s assets in such securities with the expectation that such a non-public company’s assets will be contributed to a newly-formed MLP Entity or sold to or merged with an existing MLP Entity in the future.
Other Securities
The Fund may invest in American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), corporate investment grade and high yield debt securities, Yankee bonds and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). ADRs are receipts that represent interests in foreign securities held on deposit by U.S. banks. Yankee bonds are denominated in U.S. dollars that are publicly issued in the United States by foreign banks and corporations. ETFs are investment companies that generally seek to track the performance of specific indices, shares of which are traded on exchanges.
Temporary Defensive Positions
When the Advisor believes that current market, economic, political or other conditions are unsuitable and would impair the pursuit of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund may invest some or all of its assets in cash or cash equivalents, including but not limited to obligations of the U.S. Government, money market fund shares, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and/or bankers acceptances; repurchase agreements; and other interest bearing or discount obligations or debt instruments that carry an investment grade rating by a national rating agency. When the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
Non-Diversification
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act, which means that it may focus its investments in the securities of relatively few issuers. The Fund intends, however, to diversify its assets to the extent necessary to qualify for tax treatment as a regulated investment company under the Code. This requires, among other things, that at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year no more than 25% of the Fund’s assets be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) or in the securities of all MLPs combined, and at least 50% of the Fund’s assets be represented by (i) cash, (ii) securities of other regulated investment companies, (iii) U.S. government securities, and (iv) other securities limited, with respect to any single issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Investment Advisor
Advisory Research, Inc., located at Two Prudential Plaza, 180 N. Stetson Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601, acts as the investment advisor to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with the Trust. Advisory Research, Inc., founded in 1974, is a Delaware corporation, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Piper Jaffray Companies. Advisory Research, Inc. is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment advisor. The MLP Team, which is responsible for management of the Fund’s assets, is located at 8235 Forsyth Blvd., Suite 700, St. Louis, Missouri 63105.
16
The Advisor manages approximately $4.5 billion in MLP and other energy infrastructure assets for investment companies, institutions and high net worth individuals as of December 31, 2013. For more than 18 years the Advisor has managed MLP and energy infrastructure accounts.
The Advisor provides the Fund with advice on buying and selling securities. The Advisor also furnishes the Fund with office space and certain administrative services. For its services, the Advisor is entitled to receive an annual management fee of 0.75%, calculated daily and payable monthly of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, the Advisor received advisory fees of 0.35%, net of the fee waiver described above in the “Annual Fund Operating Expenses” table.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s Annual Report dated November 30, 2013.
Portfolio Managers
James J. Cunnane, Jr. and Quinn T. Kiley are the co-portfolio managers of the Fund. Each portfolio manager has authority over all aspects of the Fund’s investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio construction techniques, portfolio risk assessment and the management of daily cash flows. The portfolio managers work as a team in considering securities for selection and implementing portfolio strategies. Mr. Cunnane, as Chief Investment Officer of the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure team (formerly FAMCO MLP), has final approval of all companies in the portfolio.
James J. Cunnane Jr., CFA | Managing Director, Chief Investment Officer
Jim Cunnane, with 21 years of investment experience, is Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure team (formerly FAMCO MLP). He oversees the firm’s MLP and energy infrastructure product lines and chairs the Risk Management Committee. He joined the MLP team in 1996 and currently serves as a portfolio manager for three publicly traded closed-end mutual funds: the Fiduciary/Claymore MLP Opportunity Fund, the Nuveen Energy MLP Total Return Fund and the Nuveen All Cap Energy MLP Opportunities Fund. He also serves as a portfolio manager for the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Income Fund, an open-end mutual fund. Mr. Cunnane holds a B.S. in finance from Indiana University and is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) charterholder. He serves on the finance council and investment committee of the Archdiocese of St. Louis and on the Board of Directors of St. Patrick’s Center.
Quinn T. Kiley | Managing Director, Senior Portfolio Manager
Quinn Kiley, with 13 years of investment experience, is Managing Director and Senior Portfolio Manager of the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure team (formerly FAMCO MLP) and his responsibilities include portfolio management of various energy infrastructure assets and oversight of the energy infrastructure research process. He joined the MLP team in 2005. Mr. Kiley serves as a portfolio manager for three publicly traded closed-end mutual funds: the Fiduciary/Claymore MLP Opportunity Fund, the Nuveen Energy MLP Total Return Fund and the Nuveen All Cap Energy MLP Opportunities Fund. He also serves as a portfolio manager for the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Income Fund, an open-end mutual fund. Prior to joining the MLP team, Mr. Kiley served as Vice President of Corporate & Investment Banking at Banc of America Securities in New York. He was responsible for executing strategic advisory and financing transactions for clients in the Energy & Power sectors. Mr. Kiley holds a B.S. with Honors in Geology from Washington & Lee University, a M.S. in Geology from the University of Montana, a Juris Doctorate from Indiana University School of Law, and a M.B.A. from the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. Mr. Kiley has been admitted to the New York State Bar.
The SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s method of compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in the Fund.
17
Other Service Providers
IMST Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) is the Trust’s principal underwriter and acts as the Trust’s distributor in connection with the offering of Fund shares. The Distributor may enter into agreements with banks, broker-dealers, or other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase or redeem shares. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust, the Advisor, or any other service provider for the Fund.
Fund Expenses
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses (all of which will be borne directly or indirectly by the Fund’s shareholders), including among others, legal fees and expenses of counsel to the Fund and the Fund’s independent trustees; insurance (including trustees’ and officers’ errors and omissions insurance); auditing and accounting expenses; taxes and governmental fees; listing fees; fees and expenses of the Fund’s custodians, administrators, transfer agents, registrars and other service providers; expenses for portfolio pricing services by a pricing agent, if any; expenses in connection with the issuance and offering of shares; brokerage commissions and other costs of acquiring or disposing of any portfolio holding of the Fund; and any litigation expenses. The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Fund to ensure that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with Form N-1A) expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.00% of average daily net assets of the Fund. This agreement is effective until July 31, 2015, and may be terminated before that date only by the Trust’s Board of Trustees.
Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of the Fund’s expenses made by the Advisor in a fiscal year may be reimbursed by the Fund for a period of three years from the date of reduction or payment if the Advisor so requests. This reimbursement may be requested from the Fund if the aggregate amount of operating expenses for such fiscal year, as accrued each month, in addition to the reimbursement amount, does not exceed the lesser of (a) the limitation on Fund expenses in effect at the time of the relevant reduction in advisory fees or payment of the Fund’s expenses, or (b) the limitation on Fund expenses at the time of the request. The reimbursement amount may not exceed the total amount of fees waived and/or Fund expenses paid by the Advisor and will not include any amounts previously reimbursed to the Advisor by the Fund. Any such reimbursement is contingent upon the Board’s subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed amounts and no reimbursement may cause the total operating expenses paid by the Fund in a fiscal year to exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The Fund must pay current ordinary operating expenses before the Advisor is entitled to any reimbursement of fees and/or Fund expenses.
Certain information regarding pricing, purchase and redemption of Fund shares is included in Appendix C.
The Fund’s financial highlights for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, are included in Appendix D.
II. | Voting Information |
The Trustees have fixed the close of business on [June 2], 2014, as the Record Date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Special Meeting and at any adjournments thereof. As of the Record Date, the Fund had ___________ shares issued and outstanding. Appendix E to this Proxy Statement identifies holders of more than five percent of the Fund’s shares, and contains information about any holdings of the shares of the Fund by the executive officers and Trustees of the Trust.
18
Those shareholders who hold shares directly and not through a broker or nominee (that is, a shareholder of record) may vote by appearing in person at the Special Meeting, by returning the enclosed Proxy Card by fax, email or mail. To submit your vote, please follow the instructions found on the Proxy Card. Owners of shares held through a broker or nominee (who is the shareholder of record for those shares) should follow directions provided to the shareholder by the broker or nominee to submit voting instructions.
A shareholder of record may revoke that shareholder’s proxy at any time prior to exercise thereof by notifying the Secretary of the Trust in writing at 803 West Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, or by returning a proxy with a later date. You also can revoke a proxy by voting in person at the Special Meeting.
All properly executed proxies received prior to the Special Meeting will be voted in accordance with the instructions marked thereon or otherwise as provided therein. Unless instructions to the contrary are marked, proxies will be voted “FOR” the approval of the Exchange.
Properly executed proxies may be returned with instructions to abstain from voting or to withhold authority to vote (an "abstention") or may represent a broker "non-vote" (which is a proxy from a broker or nominee indicating that the broker or nominee has not received instructions from the beneficial owner or other person entitled to vote shares on a particular matter with respect to which the broker or nominee does not have discretionary power to vote).
Approval of the Exchange requires the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
Abstentions and broker non-votes will be considered present for purposes of determining the existence of a quorum for the transaction of business but will have the effect of a vote against the Exchange.
If any proposal, other than the Exchange, to be voted on by the shareholders of the Fund properly comes before the Special Meeting, the shares represented by proxies will be voted on all such proposals in the discretion of the person or persons voting the proxies. The Fund has not received notice of, and is not otherwise aware of, any other matter to be presented at the Special Meeting.
A quorum for the transaction of business by the shareholders of the Fund at the Special Meeting will consist of the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of one-third of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at the Special Meeting. If a quorum is not represented at the Special Meeting or, even if a quorum is so present, if sufficient votes are not received by the date of the Special Meeting, or for any other reason, a person named as proxy may propose one or more adjournments from time to time to permit further solicitation of proxies.
III. | Miscellaneous Information |
Other Business
The Board knows of no other business to be brought before the Special Meeting. If any other matters come before the Special Meeting, the Board intends that proxies that do not contain specific restrictions to the contrary will be voted on those matters in accordance with the judgment of the persons named in the enclosed proxy card.
Next Meeting of Shareholders
The Fund is not required and does not intend to hold annual or other periodic meetings of shareholders except as required by the 1940 Act. By observing this policy, the Fund seeks to avoid the expenses customarily incurred in the preparation of proxy material and the holding of shareholder meetings, as well as the related expenditure of staff time. If the Exchange is not completed, the next meeting of the shareholders of the Fund will be held at such time as the Board may determine or at such time as may be legally required. Any shareholder proposal intended to be presented at such meeting must be received by the Trust at its office at a reasonable time before the Trust begins to print and mail its proxy statement, as determined by the Board, to be included in the Fund’s proxy statement and form of proxy relating to that meeting, and must satisfy all other legal requirements.
19
Experts |
The financial statements of the Fund for the year ended November 30, 2013, contained in the Fund’s 2013 Annual Report to Shareholders, have been audited by Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, which are incorporated herein by reference, and have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
Information Filed with the SEC |
The Trust is subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the 1940 Act and in accordance therewith, file reports and other information, including proxy materials and charter documents, with the SEC. Reports, proxy statements, registration statements and other information filed by the Trust may be inspected without charge and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549, and at the following regional offices of the SEC: Northeast Regional Office, 3 World Financial Center, Suite 400, New York, New York 10281; Southeast Regional Office, 801 Brickell Avenue, Suite 1800, Miami, Florida 33131; Midwest Regional Office, 175 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 900, Chicago, Illinois 60604; Central Regional Office, 1801 California Street, Suite 1500, Denver, Colorado 80202; and Pacific Regional Office, 5670 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1100, Los Angeles, California 90036. Copies of such materials may also be obtained from the Public Reference Branch, Office of Consumer Affairs and Information Services, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549 at prescribed rates.
_________, 2014
20
APPENDIX A
PLAN OF EXCHANGE
THIS PLAN OF EXCHANGE (the “Plan”) of the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund series (the “Fund”) of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust which is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), is intended to accomplish the distribution to Fund shareholders of shares of beneficial interest (“shares”) of the newly created Class I of the Fund (the “New Class”) in exchange for their current shares of the Fund (the “Old Fund Shares”) (the “Exchange”).
WHEREAS, the Fund currently offers a single class of shares, the Old Fund Shares; in the future, the Fund will offer shares of the New Class (“New Class Shares”); the Old Fund Shares have characteristics substantially similar to the New Class Shares except that the New Class Shares will be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; and immediately following the Closing (as defined in paragraph 2.1), the only issued and outstanding shares of the Fund will be the New Class Shares; and
WHEREAS, the Trust’s Board of Trustees has determined that it is in the best interests of the Fund and the shareholders of the Fund to effect the Exchange; and
WHEREAS, the Trust’s Board of Trustees has adopted this Plan as the method of effecting the Exchange;
NOW, THEREFORE, the Exchange shall be carried out in the manner hereinafter set forth:
1. | PLAN OF EXCHANGE |
1.1. Subject to the requisite approval of the Fund’s shareholders and the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Fund shall issue and deliver to each Fund shareholder the number of full and fractional (all references herein to “fractional” shares meaning fractions rounded to the third decimal place) New Class Shares equal to the number of full and fractional Old Fund Shares then held by such shareholder in exchange for such shareholder’s Old Fund Shares. Those transactions shall take place as of the Closing (as defined in paragraph 2.1).
1.2 The Exchange shall be accomplished by the Trust’s transfer agent’s transferring the New Class Shares to the Fund’s shareholder records in the Shareholders’ names. Pursuant to such transfer, each Shareholder’s account shall be credited with the number of full and fractional New Class Shares equal to the number of full and fractional Old Fund Shares that Shareholder holds at the Effective Time. The aggregate net asset value (“NAV”) of New Class Shares to be so credited to each Shareholder’s account shall equal the aggregate NAV of the Old Fund Shares that such Shareholder holds at the Effective Time. All issued and outstanding Old Fund Shares, including any represented by certificates, shall simultaneously be canceled on the Fund’s shareholder records. The Trust shall not issue certificates representing the New Class Shares issued in connection with the Exchange.
21
2. | CLOSING AND EFFECTIVE TIME |
2.1 Unless the Board determines otherwise, all acts necessary to consummate the Exchange (the “Closing”) shall be deemed to take place as of the date and time that the amendment to the Trust’s registration statement on Form N-1A registering the New Class Shares (the “Registration Statement”) becomes effective (the “Effective Time”).
2.2 The Trust shall direct its transfer agent to deliver to the Trust at or as soon as reasonably practicable after the Closing a Certificate, certified by the Trust’s transfer agent, certifying that the necessary changes to the Fund’s shareholder records to effect the Exchange have been made.
3. | SHAREHOLDER MEETING |
The Trust shall call a meeting of the Fund’s shareholders to consider and act on this Plan and to take all other action reasonably necessary to obtain approval of the transaction contemplated hereby (“Shareholder Meeting”).
4. | POWER OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES |
The Board of Trustees and, subject to the direction of the Board of Trustees, the Trust’s officers, shall have authority to do or authorize any or all acts and things as provided for in the Plan and any and all such further acts and things as they may consider necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of the Plan, including, without limitation, the execution and filing of all certificates, documents, information returns, tax returns, forms, and other papers which may be necessary or appropriate to implement the Plan or which may be required by the provisions of the 1940 Act or any other applicable laws.
The death, resignation or other disability of any trustee or any officer of the Trust shall not impair the authority of the surviving or remaining trustees or officers to exercise any of the powers provided for in the Plan.
5. | AMENDMENT OR ABANDONMENT OF THE PLAN |
The Board of Trustees and any authorized officer of the Trust shall have the authority to authorize such variations from or amendments of the provisions of the Plan at any time, if the Board of Trustees or such officer determines that such action would be advisable and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders, as may be necessary or appropriate to effect the Exchange in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware and the purposes to be accomplished by the Plan. In addition, the Board of Trustees may abandon this Plan, with or without shareholder approval, at any time if it determines that abandonment would be advisable and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
22
6. | EXPENSES |
Advisory Research, Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser, has agreed to bear all expenses incurred in connection with the Exchange, including the following, in each case related to the Exchange: (1) costs associated with obtaining any necessary order of exemption from the 1940 Act, preparing and filing the Fund’s prospectus supplements and the Registration Statement, and printing and distributing the Fund’s prospectus and proxy materials, (2) legal and accounting fees, including fees of counsel to the Fund and its Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act), (3) transfer agent conversion costs, (4) proxy solicitation costs, and (5) expenses of holding the Shareholder Meeting (including any adjournments thereof).
7. | FILINGS |
As soon as practicable following the Closing, the Trust shall take such steps as the Board of Trustees or any authorized officer of the Trust shall determine may be necessary to effect or record the Exchange, in accordance with the requirements of the Trust’s governing documents, Delaware law, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, any applicable securities laws, and any rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities commission, including, without limitation, filing of documents and preparation and filing of any tax returns.
8. | RECORDS |
The Trust shall maintain all records related to this Plan as required by the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.
9. | GOVERNING LAW |
This Plan shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.
23
APPENDIX B - CAPITALIZATION
The capitalization of the Fund as of May 21, 2014, and the pro forma combined capitalization of the New Class as of that date after giving effect to the proposed Exchange are as follows:
(unaudited) | Fund | Pro forma New Class |
Net Assets | ||
$36,216,132.51 | $36,216,132.51 | |
Shares Outstanding | ||
2,626,406.569 | 2,626,406.569 | |
Net Asset Value per Share | ||
$13.79 | $13.79 |
24
APPENDIX C - CERTAIN INFORMATION REGARDING PRICING OF SHARES
AND HOW TO PURCHASE AND REDEEM SHARES
Share Price
The offering price of the Fund’s shares is the net asset value per share (“NAV”) (plus any sales charges, as applicable). The NAV is determined by dividing (a) the difference between the value of the Fund’s securities, cash and other assets and the amount of the Fund’s expenses and liabilities by (b) the number of shares outstanding (assets – liabilities / # of shares = NAV). The NAV takes into account all of the expenses and fees of the Fund, including management fees and administration fees, which are accrued daily. The Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the close of regular trading (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day that the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open for unrestricted business. The Fund’s NAV may be calculated earlier if trading on the NYSE is restricted or if permitted by the SEC. The NYSE is closed on weekends and most U.S. national holidays. However, foreign securities listed primarily on non-U.S. markets may trade on weekends or other days on which the Fund does not value its shares, which may significantly affect the Fund’s NAV on days when you are not able to buy or sell Fund shares.
The Fund’s securities generally are valued at market price. Securities are valued at fair value when market quotations are not readily available. The Board has adopted procedures to be followed when the Fund must utilize fair value pricing, including when reliable market quotations are not readily available, when the Fund’s pricing service does not provide a valuation (or provides a valuation that, in the judgment of the Advisor, does not represent the security’s fair value), or when, in the judgment of the Advisor, events have rendered the market value unreliable (see, for example, the discussion of fair value pricing of foreign securities in the paragraph below). Valuing securities at fair value involves reliance on the judgment of the Advisor and the Board (or a committee thereof), and may result in a different price being used in the calculation of the Fund’s NAV from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Fair value determinations are made in good faith in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. There can be no assurance that the Fund will obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it sells the security.
In certain circumstances, the Fund employs fair value pricing to ensure greater accuracy in determining daily NAV and to prevent dilution by frequent traders or market timers who seek to exploit temporary market anomalies. Fair value pricing may be applied to foreign securities held by the Fund upon the occurrence of an event after the close of trading on non-U.S. markets but before the close of trading on the NYSE when the Fund’s NAV is determined. If the event may result in a material adjustment to the price of the Fund’s foreign securities once non-U.S. markets open on the following business day (such as, for example, a significant surge or decline in the U.S. market), the Fund may value such foreign securities at fair value, taking into account the effect of such event, in order to calculate the Fund’s NAV.
Other types of portfolio securities that the Fund may fair value include, but are not limited to: (1) investments that are illiquid or traded infrequently, including “restricted” securities and private placements for which there is no public market; (2) investments for which, in the judgment of the Advisor, the market price is stale; (3) securities of an issuer that has entered into a restructuring; (4) securities for which trading has been halted or suspended; and (5) fixed income securities for which there is no current market value quotation.
Buying Fund Shares
This Prospectus offers one class of shares of the Fund.
25
To purchase shares of the Fund, you must invest at least the minimum amount indicated in the following table.
Minimum Investments | To Open Your Account | To Add to Your Account |
Direct Regular Accounts | $5,000,000 | $500 |
Direct Retirement Accounts | $5,000,000 | $500 |
Automatic Investment Plan | $5,000,000 | $100 |
Gift Account For Minors | $5,000,000 | $500 |
Shares of the Fund may be purchased by check, by wire transfer of funds via a bank or through an approved financial intermediary (i.e., a supermarket, investment advisor, financial planner or consultant, broker, dealer or other investment professional and their agents) authorized by the Fund to receive purchase orders. A financial intermediary may charge additional fees and may require higher minimum investments or impose other limitations on buying and selling Fund shares. You may make an initial investment in an amount greater than the minimum amounts shown in the preceding table. The Fund is intended for institutional-sized investors. The Fund may, under exceptional circumstances, reduce or waive the minimum initial investment amounts. Examples of such circumstances include a small number of related accounts of an institution or family that in sum meet the minimum initial investment amount. The minimum initial investment may also be waived for accounts that expect to invest the minimum required amount within a specified period of time. The minimum initial investment amount is automatically waived for Fund shares purchased by Trustees of the Trust and current or retired directors and employees of the Advisor and its affiliates.
To the extent allowed by applicable law, the Fund reserves the right to discontinue offering shares at any time or to cease operating entirely.
In-Kind Purchases and Redemptions
The Fund reserves the right to accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Fund. The Fund also reserves the right to pay redemptions by an “in-kind” distribution of portfolio securities (instead of cash) from the Fund. In-kind purchases and redemptions are taxable events and may result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. See the SAI for further information about the terms of these purchases and redemptions.
Additional Investments
Additional subscriptions in the Fund generally may be made by investing at least the minimum amount shown in the table above. Exceptions may be made at the Fund’s discretion. You may purchase additional shares of the Fund by sending a check together with the investment stub from your most recent account statement to the Fund at the applicable address listed in the table below. Please ensure that you include your account number on the check. If you do not have the investment stub from your account statement, list your name, address and account number on a separate sheet of paper and include it with your check. You may also make additional investments in the Fund by wire transfer of funds or through an approved financial intermediary. The minimum additional investment amount is automatically waived for shares purchased by Trustees of the Trust and current or retired directors and employees of the Advisor and its affiliates. Please follow the procedures described in this Prospectus.
Dividend Reinvestment
You may reinvest dividends and capital gains distributions in shares of the Fund. Such shares are acquired at NAV (without a sales charge) on the applicable payable date of the dividend or capital gain distribution. Unless you instruct otherwise, dividends and distributions on Fund shares are automatically reinvested in shares of the same class of the Fund paying the dividend or distribution. This instruction may be made by writing to the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) or by telephone by calling 1-314-446-6747. You may, on the account application form or prior to any declaration, instruct that dividends and/or capital gain distributions be paid in cash or be reinvested in the Fund at the next determined NAV. If you elect to receive dividends and/or capital gain distributions in cash and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver the check, or if a check remains outstanding for six months or more, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account at the Fund’s current NAV and to reinvest all subsequent distributions.
26
Customer Identification Information
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open an account, you will be asked for your name, date of birth (for a natural person), your residential address or principal place of business, and mailing address, if different, as well as your Social Security Number or Taxpayer Identification Number. Additional information is required for corporations, partnerships and other entities. Applications without such information will not be considered in good order. The Fund reserves the right to deny any application if the application is not in good order.
This Prospectus should not be considered a solicitation to purchase or as an offer to sell shares of the Fund in any jurisdiction where it would be unlawful to do so under the laws of that jurisdiction. Please note that the value of your account may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law.
Automatic Investment Plan
If you intend to use the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”), you may open your account with the initial minimum investment amount. Once an account has been opened, you may make additional investments in the Fund at regular intervals through the AIP. If elected on your account application, funds can be automatically transferred from your checking or savings account on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th or 25th of each month. In order to participate in the AIP, each additional subscription must be at least $100, and your financial institution must be a member of the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) network. The first AIP purchase will be made 15 days after the Transfer Agent receives your request in good order. The Transfer Agent will charge a $25 fee for any ACH payment that is rejected by your bank. Your AIP will be terminated if two successive mailings we send to you are returned by the U.S. Postal Service as undeliverable. You may terminate your participation in the AIP at any time by notifying the Fund at 1-314-446-6747 at least five days prior to the date of the next AIP transfer. The Fund may modify or terminate the AIP at any time without notice.
Timing and Nature of Requests
The purchase price you will pay for the Fund’s shares will be the next NAV (plus any sales charge, as applicable) calculated after the Transfer Agent or your authorized financial intermediary receives your request in good order. “Good order” means that your purchase request includes: (1) the name of the Fund, (2) the dollar amount of shares to be purchased, (3) your purchase application or investment stub, and (4) a check payable to Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund. All requests received in good order before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on any business day will be processed on that same day. Requests received after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) will be transacted at the next business day’s NAV. All purchases must be made in U.S. Dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions.
27
Methods of Buying | ||
Through a broker- dealer or other financial intermediary | The Fund is offered through certain approved financial intermediaries (and their agents). The Fund is also offered directly. A purchase order placed with a financial intermediary or its authorized agent is treated as if such order were placed directly with the Fund, and will be deemed to have been received by the Fund when the financial intermediary or its authorized agent receives the order and executed at the next NAV (plus any sales charge, as applicable) calculated by the Fund. Your financial intermediary will hold your shares in a pooled account in its (or its agent’s) name. The Fund may pay your financial intermediary (or its agent) to maintain your individual ownership information, maintain required records, and provide other shareholder services. The financial intermediary which offers shares may require payment of additional fees from its individual clients. If you invest through your financial intermediary, its policies and fees may be different than those described in this Prospectus. For example, the financial intermediary may charge transaction fees or set different minimum investments. Your financial intermediary is responsible for processing your order correctly and promptly, keeping you advised of the status of your account, confirming your transactions and ensuring that you receive copies of the Fund’s Prospectus. Please contact your financial intermediary to determine whether it is an approved financial intermediary of the Fund or for additional information. | |
By mail | The Fund will not accept payment in cash, including cashier’s checks. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third party checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks, money orders or starter checks for the purchase of shares. All checks must be made in U.S. Dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions. | |
To buy shares directly from the Fund by mail, complete an account application and send it together with your check for the amount you wish to invest to the Fund at the address indicated below. To make additional investments once you have opened your account, write your account number on the check and send it to the Fund together with the most recent confirmation statement received from the Transfer Agent. If your check is returned for insufficient funds, your purchase will be canceled and a $25 fee will be assessed against your account by the Transfer Agent. | ||
Regular Mail Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund P.O. Box 2175 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 | Overnight Delivery Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund 803 West Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233-2301 | |
The Fund does not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be its agents. | ||
By telephone | To make additional investments by telephone, you must authorize telephone purchases on your account application. If you have given authorization for telephone transactions and your account has been open for at least 15 days, call the Fund at 1-314-446-6747 and you will be allowed to move money in amounts of at least $500, from your bank account to the Fund’s account upon request. Only bank accounts held at U.S. institutions that are ACH members may be used for telephone transactions. If your order is placed before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day shares will be purchased in your account at the NAV (plus any sales charge, as applicable) calculated on that day. Orders received after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) will be transacted at the next business day’s NAV. For security reasons, requests by telephone will be recorded. |
28
By wire | To open an account by wire, a completed account application form must be received by the Fund before your wire can be accepted. You may mail or send by overnight delivery your account application form to the Transfer Agent. Upon receipt of your completed account application form, an account will be established for you. The account number assigned to you will be required as part of the wiring instruction that should be provided to your bank to send the wire. Your bank must include the name of the Fund, the account number, and your name so that monies can be correctly applied. Your bank should transmit monies by wire to: UMB Bank, n.a. ABA Number 101000695 For credit to Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund A/C #_____________ For further credit to: “Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund” Your account number Name(s) of investor(s) Social Security Number or Taxpayer Identification Number Before sending your wire, please contact the Fund at 1-314-446-6747 to notify it of your intention to wire funds. This will ensure prompt and accurate credit upon receipt of your wire. Your bank may charge a fee for its wiring service. Wired funds must be received prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day to be eligible for same day pricing. The Fund and UMB Bank, n.a. are not responsible for the consequences of delays resulting from the banking or Federal Reserve wire system, or from incomplete wiring instructions. |
Selling (Redeeming) Fund Shares | |
Through a broker- dealer or other financial intermediary | If you purchased your shares through an approved financial intermediary, your redemption order must be placed through the same financial intermediary. The Fund will be deemed to have received a redemption order when a financial intermediary (or its authorized agent) receives the order. The financial intermediary must receive and transmit your redemption order to the Transfer Agent prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day for the redemption to be processed at the current day’s NAV. Orders received after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day or on a day when the Fund does not value its shares will be transacted at the next business day’s NAV. Please keep in mind that your financial intermediary may charge additional fees for its services. In the event your approved financial intermediary is no longer available or in operation, you may place your redemption order directly with the Fund as described below. |
29
By mail | You may redeem shares purchased directly from the Fund by mail. Send your written redemption request to Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund at the address indicated below. Your request must be in good order and contain the Fund name, the name(s) on the account, your account number and the dollar amount or the number of shares to be redeemed. The redemption request must be signed by all shareholders listed on the account. Additional documents are required for certain types of shareholders, such as corporations, partnerships, executors, trustees, administrators, or guardians (i.e., corporate resolutions dated within 60 days, or trust documents indicating proper authorization). | |
Regular Mail Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund P.O. Box 2175 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 | Overnight Delivery Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund 803 West Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233-2301 |
A Medallion signature guarantee must be included if any of the following situations apply: | |
·You wish to redeem more than $50,000 worth of shares; ·When redemption proceeds are sent to any person, address or bank account not on record; ·If a change of address was received by the Transfer Agent within the last 15 days; ·If ownership is changed on your account; or ·When establishing or modifying certain services on your account. | |
By telephone | To redeem shares by telephone, call the Fund at 1-314-446-6747 and specify the amount of money you wish to redeem. You may have a check sent to the address of record, or, if previously established on your account, you may have proceeds sent by wire or electronic funds transfer through the ACH network directly to your bank account. Wire transfers are subject to a $20 fee paid by the shareholder and your bank may charge a fee to receive wired funds. Checks sent via overnight delivery are subject to a $15 charge. You do not incur any charge when proceeds are sent via the ACH network; however, credit may not be available for two to three business days. |
If you are authorized to perform telephone transactions (either through your account application form or by subsequent arrangement in writing with the Fund), you may redeem shares worth up to $50,000, by instructing the Fund by phone at 1-314-446-6747. Unless noted on the initial account application, a Medallion signature guarantee is required of all shareholders in order to qualify for or to change telephone redemption privileges. | |
Note: The Fund and all of its service providers will not be liable for any loss or expense in acting upon instructions that are reasonably believed to be genuine. To confirm that all telephone instructions are genuine, the caller must verify the following: | |
·The Fund account number; ·The name in which his or her account is registered; ·The Social Security Number or Taxpayer Identification Number under which the account is registered; and ·The address of the account holder, as stated in the account application form. |
30
Medallion Signature Guarantee
In addition to the situations described above, the Fund reserves the right to require a Medallion signature guarantee in other instances based on the circumstances relative to the particular situation.
Shareholders redeeming more than $50,000 worth of shares by mail should submit written instructions with a Medallion signature guarantee from an eligible institution acceptable to the Transfer Agent, such as a domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency or savings association, or from any participant in a Medallion program recognized by the Securities Transfer Association. The three currently recognized Medallion programs are Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, Stock Exchanges Medallion Program and New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Medallion Signature Program. Signature guarantees that are not part of these programs will not be accepted. Participants in Medallion programs are subject to dollar limitations which must be considered when requesting their guarantee. The Transfer Agent may reject any signature guarantee if it believes the transaction would otherwise be improper. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
You may request that a predetermined dollar amount be sent to you on a monthly or quarterly basis. Your account must maintain a value of at least $2,500 for you to be eligible to participate in the Systematic Withdrawal Plan (“SWP”). The minimum withdrawal amount is $1,000. If you elect to receive redemptions through the SWP, the Fund will send a check to your address of record, or will send the payment via electronic funds transfer through the ACH network, directly to your bank account on record. You may request an application for the SWP by calling the Fund at 1-314-446-6747. The Fund may modify or terminate the SWP at any time. You may terminate your participation in the SWP by calling the Transfer Agent at least five business days before the next withdrawal.
Payment of Redemption Proceeds
You may redeem shares of the Fund at a price equal to the NAV next determined after the Transfer Agent and/or authorized agent receives your redemption request in good order. Generally your redemption request cannot be processed on days the NYSE is closed. All requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent and/or authorized agent before the close of the regular trading session of the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) will usually be sent to the bank you indicate or wired on the following business day using the wire instructions on record. Except as specified below, the Fund will process your redemption request and send your proceeds within seven calendar days after the Fund receives your redemption request.
If you purchase shares using a check and request a redemption before the check has cleared, the Fund may postpone payment of your redemption proceeds up to 15 calendar days while the Fund waits for the check to clear. Furthermore, the Fund may suspend the right to redeem shares or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than seven calendar days: (1) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE is restricted; (2) for any period during which an emergency exists affecting the sale of the Fund’s securities or making such sale or the fair determination of the value of the Fund’s net assets not reasonably practicable; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund’s shareholders.
31
Other Redemption Information
Shareholders who hold shares of the Fund through an IRA or other retirement plan must indicate on their redemption requests whether to withhold federal income tax. Redemption requests failing to indicate an election not to have taxes withheld will generally be subject to a 10% federal income tax withholding. In addition, if you are a resident of certain states, state income tax also applies to non-Roth IRA distributions when federal withholding applies. Please consult with your tax professional.
The Fund generally pays sale (redemption) proceeds in cash. However, under unusual conditions, the Fund may pay all or part of a shareholder’s redemption proceeds in portfolio securities with a market value equal to the redemption price (redemption-in-kind) in lieu of cash in order to protect the interests of the Fund’s remaining shareholders. If the Fund redeems your shares in kind, you will bear any market risks associated with investment in these securities, and you will be responsible for the costs (including brokerage charges) of converting the securities to cash.
The Fund may redeem all of the shares held in your account if your balance falls below the Fund’s minimum initial investment amount due to your redemption activity. In these circumstances, the Fund will notify you in writing and request that you increase your balance above the minimum initial investment amount within 30 days of the date of the notice. If, within 30 days of the Fund’s written request, you have not increased your account balance, your shares will be automatically redeemed at the current NAV. The Fund will not require that your shares be redeemed if the value of your account drops below the investment minimum due to fluctuations of the Fund’s NAV.
Cost Basis Information
Federal law requires that open-end regulated investment companies report their shareholders’ cost basis, gain/loss, and holding period to the IRS on the Fund’s shareholders’ Consolidated Form 1099s when “covered” shares of the regulated investment companies are sold. Covered shares are shares acquired (including pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan) on or after January 1, 2012.
The Fund has chosen “first-in, first-out” (“FIFO”) as its standing (default) tax lot identification method for all shareholders, which means this is the method the Fund will use to determine which specific shares are deemed to be sold when there are multiple purchases on different dates at differing net asset values and the entire position is not sold at one time. The Fund’s standing tax lot identification method is the method it will use to report the sale of covered shares on your Consolidated Form 1099 if you do not select a specific tax lot identification method. Subject to certain limitations, you may choose a method other than the Fund’s standing method at the time of your purchase or upon the sale of covered shares. Please refer to the appropriate Treasury regulations or consult your tax advisor with regard to your personal circumstances.
Tools to Combat Frequent Transactions
The Trust’s Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures with respect to frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares by Fund shareholders. The Trust discourages excessive, short-term trading and other abusive trading practices that may disrupt portfolio management strategies and harm the Fund’s performance. The Trust takes steps to reduce the frequency and effect of these activities in the Fund. These steps may include monitoring trading activity and using fair value pricing. In addition, the Trust may take action, which may include using its best efforts to restrict a shareholder’s trading privileges in the Fund, if that shareholder has engaged in four or more “round trips” in the Fund during a 12-month period. Although these efforts (which are described in more detail below) are designed to discourage abusive trading practices, these tools cannot eliminate the possibility that such activity may occur. Further, while the Trust makes efforts to identify and restrict frequent trading, the Trust receives purchase and sale orders through financial intermediaries and cannot always know or detect frequent trading that may be facilitated by the use of intermediaries or the use of group or omnibus accounts by those intermediaries. The Trust seeks to exercise its judgment in implementing these tools to the best of its ability in a manner that the Trust believes is consistent with the interests of Fund shareholders.
32
Redemption Fee | You will be charged a redemption fee of 2.00% of the value of the Fund shares being redeemed if you redeem your shares of the Fund within 90 days of purchase. The “first in, first out” (“FIFO”) method is used to determine the holding period; this means that if you bought shares on different days, the shares purchased first will be redeemed first for the purpose of determining whether the redemption fee applies. The redemption fee is deducted from the sale proceeds and is retained by the Fund for the benefit of its remaining shareholders. The fee will not apply to redemptions (i) due to a shareholder’s death or disability, (ii) from certain omnibus accounts with systematic or contractual limitations, (iii) of shares acquired through reinvestments of dividends or capital gains distributions, (iv) through certain employer-sponsored retirement plans or employee benefit plans or, with respect to any such plan, to comply with minimum distribution requirements, (v) effected pursuant to asset allocation programs, wrap fee programs, and other investment programs offered by financial institutions where investment decisions are made on a discretionary basis by investment professionals, (vi) effected pursuant to an automatic non-discretionary rebalancing program, (vii) effected pursuant to the SWP, or (viii) by the Fund with respect to accounts falling below the minimum initial investment amount. The Trust reserves the right to waive this fee in other circumstances if the Advisor determines that doing so is in the best interests of the Fund. |
Monitoring Trading Practices | The Trust may monitor trades in Fund shares in an effort to detect short-term trading activities. If, as a result of this monitoring, the Trust believes that a shareholder of the Fund has engaged in excessive short-term trading, it may, in its discretion, ask the shareholder to stop such activities or refuse to process purchases in the shareholder’s accounts. In making such judgments, the Trust seeks to act in a manner that it believes is consistent with the best interest of Fund shareholders. Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying abusive trading activity, there can be no assurance that the Trust’s efforts will identify all trades or trading practices that may be considered abusive. |
General Transaction Policies
Some of the following policies are mentioned above. In general, the Fund reserves the right to:
· | vary or waive any minimum investment requirement; | |
· | refuse, change, discontinue, or temporarily suspend account services, including purchase or telephone redemption privileges (if redemption by telephone is not available, you may send your redemption order to the Fund via regular or overnight delivery), for any reason; |
· | reject any purchase request for any reason (generally the Fund does this if the purchase is disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund due to the timing of the investment or an investor’s history of excessive trading); | |
· | delay paying redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days after receiving a request, if an earlier payment could adversely affect the Fund; |
· | reject any purchase or redemption request that does not contain all required documentation; and | |
· | subject to applicable law and with prior notice, adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances. |
33
If you elect telephone privileges on the account application or in a letter to the Fund, you may be responsible for any fraudulent telephone orders as long as the Fund and/or its service providers have taken reasonable precautions to verify your identity. In addition, once you place a telephone transaction request, it cannot be canceled or modified.
During periods of significant economic or market change, telephone transactions may be difficult to complete. If you are unable to contact the Fund by telephone, you may also mail your request to the Fund at the address listed under “Methods of Buying.”
Your broker or other financial intermediary may establish policies that differ from those of the Fund. For example, the organization may charge transaction fees, set higher minimum investments, or impose certain limitations on buying or selling shares in addition to those identified in this Prospectus. Contact your broker or other financial intermediary for details.
Please note that the value of your account may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law.
Exchange Privilege
Shareholders may exchange shares of the Fund for shares of another Advisory Research Fund, including the Advisory Research All Cap Value Fund, the Advisory Research Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund, the Advisory Research Global Value Fund, the Advisory Research International All Cap Value Fund, the Advisory Research International Small Cap Value Fund, the Advisory Research Small Company Opportunities Fund, the Advisory Research Strategic Income Fund and the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Income Fund. The amount of the exchange must be equal to or greater than the required minimum initial investment (see “Minimum Investment” table). You may realize either a gain or loss on those shares and will be responsible for paying the appropriate taxes. If you exchange shares through a broker, the broker may charge you a transaction fee. You may exchange shares by sending a written request to the Funds or by telephone. Be sure that your written request includes the dollar amount or number of shares to be exchanged, the name(s) on the account, the account number(s), and is signed by all shareholders on the account. In order to limit expenses, the Funds reserve the right to limit the total number of exchanges you can make in any year.
Availability of Information
In order to reduce the amount of mail you receive and to help reduce expenses, we generally send a single copy of any shareholder report and Prospectus to each household. If you do not want the mailing of these documents to be combined with those of other members of your household, please contact your authorized dealer or the Transfer Agent.
Additional Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
The Fund or the Advisor may pay service fees to intermediaries such as banks, broker-dealers, financial advisors or other financial institutions, some of which may be affiliates, for sub-administration, sub-transfer agency and other shareholder services associated with shareholders whose shares are held of record in omnibus accounts, other group accounts or accounts traded through registered securities clearing agents.
The Advisor, out of its own resources, and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide additional cash payments or non-cash compensation to broker-dealers or intermediaries that sell shares of the Fund. These additional cash payments are generally made to intermediaries that provide shareholder servicing, marketing support and/or access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the intermediary. The Advisor may pay cash compensation for inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or in other sales programs, or may pay an expense reimbursement in cases where the intermediary provides shareholder services to the Fund’s shareholders. The Advisor may also pay cash compensation in the form of finder’s fees that vary depending on the dollar amount of the shares sold.
34
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will make distributions of net investment income quarterly and net capital gains, if any, at least annually, typically in December. The Fund intends to make distributions generally similar in nature to those of the MLP and energy infrastructure investments of the Fund, calculated so that the Fund’s quarterly distributions grow at a rate determined by the Advisor (currently an annualized rate of 3%). The Fund may make additional payments of dividends or distributions if it deems it desirable at any other time during the year.
If you buy shares of the Fund just before it makes a distribution (on or before the record date), you will receive some of the purchase price back in the form of a taxable distribution.
All dividends and distributions will be reinvested in Fund shares unless you choose one of the following options: (1) to receive net investment income dividends in cash, while reinvesting capital gain distributions in additional Fund shares; or (2) to receive all dividends and distributions in cash. If you wish to change your distribution option, please write to the Transfer Agent before the payment date of the distribution.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following discussion is very general. Because each shareholder’s circumstances are different and special tax rules may apply, you should consult your tax advisor about your investment in the Fund.
The Fund has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify each year for treatment, as a regulated investment company under the Code. If the Fund so qualifies, it will not pay federal income tax on the net investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders. If the Fund fails to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, it would be subject to federal income taxes, and possibly state and local taxes, on such income and gains, and the Fund’s distributions to shareholders would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits.
Income and losses of the Fund will not flow through to shareholders as would be the case in connection with a direct investment in MLPs. The Fund will report its taxable distributions to shareholders annually on Forms 1099. Shareholders will not, solely by virtue of their status as Fund shareholders, be treated as engaged in the business conducted by the Fund or by underlying MLPs for purposes of the federal income tax, state income taxes or the tax on unrelated business income of tax-exempt organizations.
Qualification as a regulated investment company generally requires, among other things, (1) that at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income be derived from (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in stocks and securities, or (b) interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (generally including MLPs), and (2) that at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year (a) at least 50% of the Fund’s assets consists of cash, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to no more than 5% of the Fund’s assets and no more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the Fund’s assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), in the securities of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (generally including MLPs). If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company (e.g., by investing more than 25% of its assets in MLPs), it would be subject to federal income tax as a corporation, and its distributions to shareholders would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. Under certain circumstances, the Fund could cure a failure to qualify as a regulated investment company, but in order to do so, the Fund could incur significant Fund-level taxes and could be forced to dispose of certain assets.
35
The Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income and capital gains to shareholders. Shareholders are generally required to pay federal income tax on dividends and other taxable distributions received. This applies whether dividends or distributions are received in cash or additional shares. If you buy shares of the Fund shortly before it makes a distribution (on or before the record date), you will receive some of the purchase price back in the form of a taxable distribution. Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to the Fund from investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the Fund’s taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the Fund’s income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deductions were taken by the Fund, and even though those shareholders will not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. In addition, because the Fund expects to receive cash distributions from certain MLPs that exceed the net taxable income allocated to the Fund from such MLPs, the Fund may recognize larger taxable gains (or smaller losses) with respect to such MLPs in a later period or when investments in those MLPs are liquidated. If you hold shares in the Fund when such gains or losses are recognized, you may be required to pay tax on one or more Fund distributions even though you may not have economically benefitted from the associated MLP cash distributions.
Distributions out of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, including distributions of net short-term capital gain, are generally taxable as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Distributions in excess of earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, constitute a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in his or her Fund shares, and constitute a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds his or her shares of the Fund as capital assets). A distribution treated as a return of capital will reduce the shareholder’s basis in his or her shares.
Distributions of net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) are taxable for federal income tax purposes as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long the shareholder has held Fund shares. Distributions reported as qualified dividend income are taxed to individuals and other non-corporate investors at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain holding period and other requirements contained in the Code are satisfied. Dividends paid by a Fund may qualify in part for the dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied.
Dividends declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record as of a date in such month and paid during the following January are treated as if received on December 31 of the calendar year when the dividends were declared. Information on the federal income tax status of dividends and distributions is provided annually.
36
Dividends and distributions from the Fund and net gain from redemptions of Fund shares will generally be taken into account in determining a shareholder’s “net investment income” for purposes of the Medicare contribution tax applicable to certain individuals, estates and trusts.
If you redeem your Fund shares or exchange them for shares of another fund, it is generally considered a taxable event for you. Depending on the adjusted tax basis and the redemption price of the shares you sell (or the value of shares received in an exchange), you may have a gain or a loss on the transaction. The gain or loss will generally be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if you held your shares for more than one year. If you held your shares for one year or less, the gain or loss will generally be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss. You are responsible for any tax liabilities generated by your transaction.
If you are neither a citizen nor resident of the United States, the Fund will be required to withhold federal income tax at the rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be determined in accordance with an applicable tax treaty) on ordinary dividends and other payments that are subject to withholding. Dividends that are reported by the Fund as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends” will generally be exempt from such withholding for taxable years of the Fund that began before January 1, 2014.
The Fund will be required to apply “backup withholding” (currently at a rate of 28%) on distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder, including a U.S. citizen or resident, who does not provide certain required information and certifications. Backup withholding will not, however, be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States.
Prospective shareholders of the Fund should consult their own tax advisors concerning the effect of owning shares of the Fund in light of their particular tax situations.
37
APPENDIX D - FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following table is intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total return figures represent the percentage that an investor in the Fund would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The financial information for the period shown has been audited by Tait, Weller & Baker, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s annual report, which is available upon request.
Per share operating performance.
For a capital share outstanding throughout each period.
For the Year Ended November 30, 2013 | For the Year Ended November 30, 2012 | For the Year Ended November 30, 2011 | For the Period September 9, 2010* through November 30, 2010 | |||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 11.91 | $ | 11.25 | $ | 10.48 | $ | 10.00 | ||||||||
Income from Investment Operations: | ||||||||||||||||
Net investment income1 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments | 1.71 | 1.06 | 1.19 | 0.51 | ||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 1.90 | 1.28 | 1.37 | 0.58 | ||||||||||||
Less distributions: | ||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.10 | ) | (0.22 | ) | (0.13 | ) | (0.03 | ) | ||||||||
From net realized gain | (1.26 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.04 | ) | ||||||||
From return of capital | - | - | (0.11 | ) | (0.03 | ) | ||||||||||
Total distributions | (1.36 | ) | (0.62 | ) | (0.60 | ) | (0.10 | ) | ||||||||
Redemption fee proceeds | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 12.45 | $ | 11.91 | $ | 11.25 | $ | 10.48 | ||||||||
Total return2 | 17.32 | % | 11.60 | % | 13.26 | % | 5.80 | % | 3 | |||||||
Ratios and Supplemental Data: | ||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 31,819 | $ | 26,845 | $ | 22,368 | $ | 8,432 | ||||||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets: 4 | ||||||||||||||||
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | 1.40 | % | 1.47 | % | 2.13 | % | 5.89 | % | 5 | |||||||
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 5 | |||||||
Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Before fees waived and expenses absorbed | 1.12 | % | 1.36 | % | 0.50 | % | (1.25 | %) | 5 | |||||||
After fees waived and expenses absorbed | 1.52 | % | 1.83 | % | 1.63 | % | 3.64 | % | 5 | |||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 56 | % | 103 | % | 99 | % | 25 | % | 3 |
38
* | Commencement of operations. |
1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding for the period. |
2 | Total returns would have been lower had expenses not been waived or absorbed by the Advisor. Returns shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares. |
3 | Not Annualized. |
4 | The Advisor has contractually agreed to limit the operating expenses to 1.00%. |
5 | Annualized. |
39
APPENDIX E - VOTING SECURITIES AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS
Shareholders of the Fund at the close of business on the Record Date will be entitled to be present and vote on the proposal at the Special Meeting. As of that date, _________________ shares were outstanding for the Fund.
There were no outstanding shares of the New Class on the Record Date, as the New Class had not yet commenced operations.
As of the Record Date, the Fund’s shareholders of record and/or beneficial owners (to the Trust’s knowledge) who owned 5% or more of the Fund’s shares are set forth below:
Name and Address | Class | No. of Shares Owned | % of Shares |
As of the Record Date, [________] may be deemed to “control” the Fund. “Control” for this purpose is the ownership of more than 25% of the Fund’s voting securities.
As of the Record Date, the Officers and Trustees of the Trust, as a group, owned of record and beneficially less than 1.00% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
40
Statement of Additional Information
___________, 2014
ADVISORY RESEARCH MLP & ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FUND
CLASS I (MLPPX)
(formerly FAMCO MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund)
a series of Investment Managers Series Trust
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus, and it should be read in conjunction with the Combined Prospectus/Proxy Statement dated ________, 2014 (the “Prospectus”), for the Special Meeting of Shareholders of the Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”) a Delaware statutory trust, to be held on _________, 2014. A copy of the Prospectus is available by calling the above number.
Advisory Research, Inc. (“ARI” or the “Advisor”) is the investment advisor to the Fund. ARI’s MLP & Energy Infrastructure Team (formerly FAMCO MLP and hereinafter referred to as the “MLP Team”) is responsible for investment of the Fund’s assets. The Fund’s Annual Report to shareholders for the fiscal year ending November 30, 2013 (filed via EDGAR on January 29, 2014, Accession No. 0001398344-14-000625), is incorporated by reference herein. A copy of the Fund’s Annual Report can be obtained by contacting the Fund at the address or telephone number specified below.
Advisory Research MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund
P.O. Box 2175
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
1-314-446-6747
THE TRUST AND THE FUND | B-2 |
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS | B-2 |
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND | B-27 |
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE | B-40 |
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER | B-42 |
PROXY VOTING POLICY | B-42 |
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM | B-43 |
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION | B-43 |
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | B-45 |
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES | B-46 |
FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS | B-48 |
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS | B-54 |
GENERAL INFORMATION | B-55 |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | B-57 |
APPENDIX “A” - DESCRIPTION OF SHORT-TERM RATINGS | B-58 |
APPENDIX “B” - TRUST PROXY VOTING POLICY AND ADVISORY RESEACH, INC. PROXY VOTING POLICY | B-65 |
B-1
THE TRUST AND THE FUND
The Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 15, 2005. The Trust currently consists of several other series of shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. This SAI relates only to the Fund and not to the other series of the Trust.
The Fund is a non-diversified fund, which means it is not subject to the diversification requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). Under the 1940 Act, a diversified fund may not, with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one issuer (and in not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer), excluding cash, Government securities, and securities of other investment companies. Although the Fund is not required to comply with the above requirement, the Fund intends to diversify its assets to the extent necessary to qualify for tax treatment as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
The Trust is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an open-end management investment company. Such a registration does not involve supervision of the management or policies of the Fund. The Prospectus of the Fund and this SAI omit certain of the information contained in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC. Copies of such information may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fee.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS
The discussion below supplements information contained in the Fund’s Prospectus pertaining to the investment policies of the Fund.
Market Conditions
The equity and debt capital markets in the United States and internationally experienced unprecedented volatility from 2008 through 2012. These conditions caused a significant decline in the value and liquidity of many securities and other instruments. It is impossible to predict whether such conditions will recur. Because such situations may be widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of such events.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS
Master Limited Partnerships
An MLP is an entity receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code, and whose interests or “units” are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. A typical MLP consists of a general partner and limited partners; however, some entities receiving partnership taxation treatment under the Code are established as limited liability companies. The general partner manages the partnership; has an ownership stake in the partnership (typically a 2% general partner equity interest and additional common units and subordinated units); and in many cases is eligible to receive an incentive distribution. The limited partners provide capital to the partnership, have a limited (if any) role in the operation and management of the partnership, and are entitled to receive cash distributions with respect to their units. An MLP typically pays an established minimum quarterly distribution to common unit holders, as provided under the terms of its partnership agreement. Common units have arrearage rights in distributions to the extent that the MLP fails to make minimum quarterly distributions. Once the MLP distributes the minimum quarterly distribution to common units, subordinated units then are entitled to receive distributions of up to the minimum quarterly distribution, but have no arrearage rights. At the discretion of the general partner, any distributable cash that exceeds the minimum quarterly distribution that the MLP distributed to the common and subordinated units is then distributed to both common and subordinated units, typically on a pro rata basis. Incentive distributions are often paid to the general partner such that as the distribution to limited partnership interests increases, the general partner may receive a proportionately larger share of the total distribution. Incentive distributions are designed to encourage the general partner, who controls and operates the partnership, to maximize the partnership’s cash flow and increase distributions to the limited partners.
B-2
To qualify for treatment as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a “publicly traded partnership,” such as an MLP, must receive at least 90% of its income from qualifying sources such as interest, dividends, real estate rents, gain from the sale or disposition of real property, income and gain from certain mineral or natural resources activities, income and gain from the transportation or storage of certain fuels, and, in certain circumstances, income and gain from commodities or futures, forwards and options with respect to commodities, and gain from the sale of other disposition of a capital asset held for the production of such income. Mineral or natural resources activities include exploration, development, production, mining, processing, refining, marketing and transportation (including pipelines) of oil and gas, minerals, geothermal energy, fertilizer, timber or industrial source carbon dioxide. Currently, most MLPs operate in the energy, natural resources, or real estate sectors. The Fund anticipates that a substantial portion of the MLP entities in which the Fund invests will be engaged primarily in the energy, natural resources and real estate sectors. The Fund may, however, invest in MLP entities in any sector of the economy. Due to their federal income tax treatment as partnerships, MLPs generally do not pay income taxes but investors holding interests in MLPs are generally subject to tax on their shares of the MLPs’ income and gains.
Certain MLPs in which the Fund may invest depend upon their parent or sponsor entities for the majority of their revenues. If their parent or sponsor entities were to fail to make such payments or satisfy their obligations, the revenues and cash flows of such MLPs and the ability of such MLPs to make distributions to unit holders, such as the Fund, would be adversely affected.
Holders of MLP units are exposed to a remote possibility of liability for all of the obligations of that MLP in the event that a court determines that the rights of the unitholders to take certain action under the limited partnership agreement would constitute “control” of the business of that MLP, or if a court or governmental agency determines that the MLP is conducting business in a state without complying with the limited partnership statute of that state.
B-3
EQUITY SECURITIES
Common Stock
Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company’s stock price.
The fundamental risk of investing in common stock is that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. While common stocks have historically provided greater long-term returns than preferred stocks, fixed-income and money market investments, common stocks have also experienced significantly more volatility than the returns from those other investments.
Small- and Mid-Cap Stocks
The Fund may invest in stock of companies with market capitalizations that are small compared to other publicly traded companies. Investments in larger companies present certain advantages in that such companies generally have greater financial resources, more extensive research and development, manufacturing, marketing and service capabilities, and more stability and greater depth of management and personnel. Investments in smaller, less seasoned companies may present greater opportunities for growth but also may involve greater risks than customarily are associated with more established companies. The securities of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than larger, more established companies. These companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent upon a limited management group. Their securities may be traded in the over-the-counter market or on a regional exchange, or may otherwise have limited liquidity. As a result of owning large positions in this type of security, the Fund is subject to the additional risk of possibly having to sell portfolio securities at disadvantageous times and prices if redemptions require the Fund to liquidate its securities positions. In addition, it may be prudent for the Fund, as its asset size grows, to limit the number of relatively small positions it holds in securities having limited liquidity in order to minimize its exposure to such risks, to minimize transaction costs, and to maximize the benefits of research. As a consequence, as the Fund’s asset size increases, the Fund may reduce its exposure to illiquid small capitalization securities, which could adversely affect performance.
The Fund may also invest in stocks of companies with medium market capitalizations (i.e., mid-cap companies). Such investments share some of the risk characteristics of investments in stocks of companies with small market capitalizations described above, although mid cap companies tend to have longer operating histories, broader product lines and greater financial resources and their stocks tend to be more liquid and less volatile than those of smaller capitalization issuers.
B-4
Warrants and Rights
The Fund may invest in warrants or rights (including those acquired in units or attached to other securities) that entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time but will do so only if such equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Advisor. Warrants do not have voting rights, do not earn dividends, and do not entitle the holder to any rights with respect to the assets of the corporation that has issued them. They do not represent ownership of the underlying companies but only the right to purchase shares of those companies at a specified price on or before a specified exercise date. Warrants tend to be more volatile than the underlying stock, and if at a warrant’s expiration date the stock is trading at a price below the price set in the warrant, the warrant will expire worthless. Conversely, if at the expiration date the stock is trading at a price higher than the price set in the warrant, the Fund can acquire the stock at a price below its market value. The prices of warrants do not necessarily parallel the prices of the underlying securities. An investment in warrants or rights may be considered speculative.
DEBT SECURITIES
Debt Securities
Debt securities are used by issuers to borrow money. Generally, issuers pay investors periodic interest and repay the amount borrowed either periodically during the life of the security and/or at maturity. Some debt securities, such as zero coupon bonds, do not pay current interest, but are purchased at a discount from their face values and accrue interest at the applicable coupon rate over a specified time period. Some debt securities pay a periodic coupon that is not fixed, instead payments “float” relative to a reference rate, such as LIBOR. This “floating rate” debt may pay interest at levels above or below the previous interest payment of the previous period. The market prices of debt securities fluctuate depending on such factors as interest rates, credit quality and maturity. In general, market prices of debt securities decline when interest rates rise and increase when interest rates fall. Certain additional risk factors related to debt securities are sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes, payment expectations, and liquidity and valuation.
Lower rated debt securities, those rated Ba or below by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s) and/or BB or below by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”) or unrated but determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality, are described by the rating agencies as speculative and involve greater risk of default or price changes than higher rated debt securities due to changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness or the fact that the issuer may already be in default. The market prices of these securities may fluctuate more than higher quality securities and may decline significantly in periods of general economic difficulty. It may be more difficult to sell or to determine the value of lower rated debt securities.
B-5
Certain additional risk factors related to debt securities are discussed below:
Sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes. Debt securities may be sensitive to economic changes, political and corporate developments, and interest rate changes. In addition, during an economic downturn or periods of rising interest rates, issuers that are highly leveraged may experience increased financial stress that could adversely affect their ability to meet projected business goals, obtain additional financing, and service their principal and interest payment obligations. Furthermore, periods of economic change and uncertainty can be expected to result in increased volatility of market prices and yields of certain debt securities. For example, prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties (such as derivatives) related to the security or other assets or indices.
Payment expectations. Debt securities may contain redemption or call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a lower interest rate environment, the Fund would have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in decreased income to investors. If the issuer of a debt security defaults on its obligations to pay interest or principal or is the subject of bankruptcy proceedings, the Fund may incur losses or expenses in seeking recovery of amounts owed to it.
Liquidity and valuation. There may be limited trading in the secondary market for particular debt securities, which may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to accurately value or sell such debt securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or liquidity of debt securities. The Advisor attempts to reduce the risks described above through diversification of the Fund’s portfolio, credit analysis of each issuer, and by monitoring broad economic trends as well as corporate and legislative developments, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so. Credit ratings of debt securities provided by rating agencies indicate a measure of the safety of principal and interest payments, not market value risk. The rating of an issuer is a rating agency’s view of past and future potential developments related to the issuer and may not necessarily reflect actual outcomes. There can be a lag between corporate developments and the time a rating is assigned and updated. In addition, decreases since 2007 in fixed income dealer market-making capacity may persist in the future, potentially leading to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets.
Changing Fixed Income Market Conditions. Following the financial crisis that began in 2007, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) has attempted to stabilize the U.S. economy and support the U.S. economic recovery by keeping the federal funds rate at or near zero percent. In addition, the Federal Reserve has purchased large quantities of securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities on the open market (“Quantitative Easing”). As the Federal Reserve “tapers” or reduces Quantitative Easing, and when the Federal Reserve raises the federal funds rate, there is a risk that interest rates across the U.S. financial system will rise. These policy changes may expose fixed-income and related markets to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain Fund investments, which could cause the value of the Fund’s investments and share price to decline. Because the Fund invests in derivatives tied to fixed income markets it may be more substantially exposed to these risks than a fund that does not invest in derivatives. To the extent the Fund experiences high redemptions because of these policy changes, the Fund may experience increased portfolio turnover, which will increase the costs that the Fund incurs and may lower the Fund’s performance. The liquidity levels of the Fund’s portfolio may also be affected. In addition, decreases since 2007 in fixed income dealer market-making capacity may persist in the future, potentially leading to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets.
B-6
Bond rating agencies may assign modifiers (such as +/–) to ratings categories to signify the relative position of a credit within the rating category. Investment policies that are based on ratings categories should be read to include any security within that category, without considering the modifier. Please refer to Appendix A for more information about credit ratings.
Lower-Rated Debt Securities. The Fund may invest in lower-rated fixed-income securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”). The lower ratings reflect a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer or in general economic conditions, or both, or an unanticipated rise in interest rates, may impair the ability of the issuer to make payments of interest and principal. The inability (or perceived inability) of issuers to make timely payment of interest and principal would likely make the values of securities held by the Fund more volatile and could limit the Fund’s ability to sell its securities at prices approximating the values the Fund had placed on such securities. In the absence of a liquid trading market for securities held by it, the Fund at times may be unable to establish the fair value of such securities. Securities ratings are based largely on the issuer’s historical financial condition and the rating agencies’ analysis at the time of rating. Consequently, the rating assigned to any particular security is not necessarily a reflection of the issuer’s current financial condition, which may be better or worse than the rating would indicate. In addition, the rating assigned to a security by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s (or by any other nationally recognized securities rating agency) does not reflect an assessment of the volatility of the security’s market value or the liquidity of an investment in the security. Like those of other fixed-income securities, the values of lower-rated securities fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. A decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of the Fund’s fixed-income assets. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of the Fund’s fixed-income assets will generally decline. The values of lower-rated securities may often be affected to a greater extent by changes in general economic conditions and business conditions affecting the issuers of such securities and their industries. Negative publicity or investor perceptions may also adversely affect the values of lower-rated securities. Changes by nationally recognized securities rating agencies in their ratings of any fixed-income security and changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of portfolio securities generally will not affect income derived from these securities, but will affect the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund will not necessarily dispose of a security when its rating is reduced below its rating at the time of purchase. However, the Advisor will monitor the investment to determine whether its retention will assist in meeting the Fund’s investment objective. Issuers of lower-rated securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. Such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them and may be unable to repay outstanding obligations at maturity by refinancing.
B-7
The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or repayment of principal by such issuers is significantly greater because such securities frequently are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. It is possible that, under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities when the Advisor believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than if they were more widely held. Under these circumstances, it may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the Fund’s net asset value. In order to enforce its rights in the event of a default, the Fund may be required to participate in various legal proceedings or take possession of and manage assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities. This could increase the Fund’s operating expenses and adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value. The ability of a holder of a tax-exempt security to enforce the terms of that security in a bankruptcy proceeding may be more limited than would be the case with respect to securities of private issuers. In addition, the Fund’s intention to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under the Internal Revenue Code may limit the extent to which the Fund may exercise its rights by taking possession of such assets. To the extent the Fund invests in securities in the lower rating categories, the achievement of the Fund’s investment objectives is more dependent on the Advisor’s investment analysis than would be the case if the Fund were investing in securities in the higher rating categories.
U.S. Government Obligations
The Fund may invest in U.S. Government securities. U.S. Government securities include (a) Treasury bills (maturity of one year or less), U.S. Treasury notes (maturity of one to ten years) and U.S. Treasury bonds (maturities generally greater than ten years) and (b) obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities which are supported by any of the following: (i) the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (such as Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) certificates); (ii) the right of the issuer to borrow an amount limited to a specific line of credit from the U.S. Government (such as obligations of the Federal Home Loan Banks); (iii) the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of agencies or instrumentalities (such as securities issued by Fannie Mae (formally known as Federal National Mortgage Association)); or (iv) only the credit of the instrumentality (such as securities issued by Freddie Mac (formally known as Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation)).
U.S. Government securities also include issues by non-governmental entities (like financial institutions) that carry direct guarantees from U.S. government agencies as part of government initiatives in response to the 2008 market crisis or otherwise.
B-8
In the case of U.S. Government obligations backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities, including government-sponsored enterprises, if it is not obligated to do so.
Neither the U.S. Government nor any of its agencies or instrumentalities guarantees the market values of the securities it issues. Therefore, the market values of such securities will fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. As a general matter, the values of debt instruments, including U.S. Government obligations, decline when market interest rates increase and rise when market interest rates decrease. Certain types of U.S. Government obligations are subject to fluctuations in yield or value due to their structure or contract terms.
As of September 7, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) has been appointed as the conservator of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae for an indefinite period. In accordance with the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 and the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as conservator the FHFA will control and oversee these entities until the FHFA deems them financially sound and solvent. During the conservatorship, each entity’s obligations are expected to be paid in the normal course of business. Although no express guarantee exists for the debt or mortgage-backed securities issued by these entities, the U.S. Department of Treasury, through a secured lending facility and a senior preferred stock purchase agreement, has attempted to enhance the ability of the entities to meet their obligations. There can be no guarantee that the federal government will continue to provide assistance to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac or that it will not change the terms of its obligations.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
Foreign Investments
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers and other non-U.S. investments may involve risks in addition to those normally associated with investments in the securities of U.S. issuers or other U.S. investments. All foreign investments are subject to risks of foreign political and economic instability, adverse movements in foreign exchange rates, and the imposition or tightening of exchange controls and limitations on the repatriation of foreign capital. Other risks stem from potential changes in governmental attitude or policy toward private investment, which in turn raises the risk of nationalization, increased taxation or confiscation of foreign investors’ assets.
The financial problems in global economies over the past several years, including the European sovereign debt crisis, may continue to cause high volatility in global financial markets. In addition, global economies are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact a different country or region. The severity or duration of these conditions may also be affected if one or more countries leave the euro currency or by other policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations.
B-9
Additional non-U.S. taxes and expenses may also adversely affect the Fund’s performance, including foreign withholding taxes on foreign securities’ dividends. Brokerage commissions and other transaction costs on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than in the United States. Foreign companies may be subject to different accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards. To the extent securities held by the Fund are not registered with the SEC or any other U.S. regulator, the issuers thereof will not be subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC or any other U.S. regulator. Accordingly, less information may be available about foreign companies and other investments than is generally available on issuers of comparable securities and other investments in the United States. Foreign securities and other investments may also trade less frequently and with lower volume and may exhibit greater price volatility than U.S. securities and other investments.
Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value in U.S. dollars of all foreign currency-denominated securities and other investments held by the Fund. Exchange rates are influenced generally by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign currency markets and by numerous other political and economic events occurring outside the United States, many of which may be difficult, if not impossible, to predict.
Income from foreign securities and other investments will be received and realized in foreign currencies, and the Fund is required to compute and distribute income in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, a decline in the value of a particular foreign currency against the U.S. dollar occurring after the Fund’s income has been earned and computed in U.S. dollars may require the Fund to liquidate portfolio securities and other investments to acquire sufficient U.S. dollars to make a distribution. Similarly, if the exchange rate declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the Fund may be required to liquidate additional portfolio securities or other investments to purchase the U.S. dollars required to meet such expenses.
Emerging Markets. The Fund may invest in emerging market countries or developing countries as defined by the World Bank, International Financial Corporation or the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) emerging market indices or other comparable indices. Developing countries may impose restrictions on the Fund’s ability to repatriate investment income or capital. Even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation of investment income or capital, the mechanics of repatriation may affect certain aspects of the operations of the Fund.
Some of the currencies in emerging markets have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. Dollar, and major adjustments have been made periodically in certain of such currencies. Certain developing countries face serious exchange constraints.
Governments of some developing countries exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In some countries, the government owns or controls many companies. Therefore, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing countries, which could affect the private sector companies in which the Fund invests.
B-10
Depository Receipts. American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) are negotiable receipts issued by a United States bank or trust company that evidence ownership of securities in a foreign company which have been deposited with such bank or trust company’s office or agent in a foreign country. Investing in ADRs presents risks that may not be equal to the risk inherent in holding the equivalent shares of the same companies that are traded in the local markets even though the Fund will purchase, sell and be paid dividends on ADRs in U.S. dollars. These risks include fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which are affected by international balances of payments and other economic and financial conditions; government intervention; speculation; and other factors. With respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political and social upheaval, and economic instability. The Fund may be required to pay foreign withholding or other taxes on certain ADRs that it owns, but investors may or may not be able to deduct their pro rata share of such taxes in computing their taxable income, or take such shares as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax. See “Federal Income Tax Matters.” ADRs may be sponsored by foreign issuers or may be unsponsored. Unsponsored ADRs are organized independently and without the cooperation of the foreign issuer of the underlying securities. Unsponsored ADRs are offered by companies which are not prepared to meet either the reporting or accounting standards of the United States. While readily exchangeable with stock in local markets, unsponsored ADRs may be less liquid than sponsored ADRs. Additionally, there generally is less publicly available information with respect to unsponsored ADRs.
Investment Company Securities
The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies (each, an “Underlying Fund”), including open-end funds, closed-end funds, unit investment trusts (“UITs”) and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), to the extent permitted by applicable law and subject to certain restrictions set forth in this SAI. Generally, under the 1940 Act and SEC rules adopted pursuant to the 1940 Act, the Fund’s acquisition of the securities of affiliated and unaffiliated funds is subject to the following guidelines and restrictions:
• | The Fund may own an unlimited amount of the securities of any registered open-end fund or registered unit investment trust that is affiliated with the Fund, so long as any such Underlying Fund has a policy that prohibits it from acquiring any securities of registered open-end funds or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on certain sections of the 1940 Act. |
• | The Fund and its “affiliated persons” may own up to 3% of the outstanding stock of any fund, subject to the following restrictions: |
• | the Underlying Fund is not obligated to redeem more than 1% of its total outstanding securities during any period less than 30 days; and |
B-11
• | the purchase or acquisition of the Underlying Fund is made pursuant to an arrangement with the Underlying Fund or its principal underwriter whereby the Fund is obligated either to (i) seek instructions from its shareholders with regard to the voting of all proxies with respect to the Underlying Fund and to vote in accordance with such instructions, or (ii) to vote the shares of the Underlying Fund held by the Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other shareholders of the Underlying Fund. |
Acquired funds typically incur fees that are separate from those fees incurred directly by the Fund. The Fund’s purchase of such investment company securities results in the layering of expenses as Fund shareholders would indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating expenses of such investment companies, including advisory fees, in addition to paying Fund expenses. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to certain leverage risks. The net asset value and market value of leveraged securities will be more volatile and the yield to shareholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged securities. Investment companies may have investment policies that differ from those of the Fund.
Under certain circumstances an open-end investment company in which the Fund invests may determine to make payment of a redemption by the Fund wholly or in part by a distribution in kind of securities from its portfolio, instead of in cash. As a result, the Fund may hold such securities until the Advisor determines it is appropriate to dispose of them. Such disposition will impose additional costs on the Fund.
Investment decisions by the investment advisors to the registered investment companies in which the Fund invests are made independently of the Fund. At any particular time, one Underlying Fund may be purchasing shares of an issuer whose shares are being sold by another Underlying Fund. As a result, under these circumstances the Fund indirectly would incur certain transactional costs without accomplishing any investment purpose.
DERIVATIVES
The Fund may utilize a variety of financial instruments, such as derivatives, options, and forward contracts, both for investment purposes and for hedging purposes. Hedging involves special risks including the possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Advisor’s assessment of certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of hedging could result in losses greater than if hedging had not been used. Nonetheless, with respect to certain investment positions, the Fund may not be sufficiently hedged against market fluctuations, in which case an investment position could result in a loss greater than if the Advisor had been sufficiently hedged with respect to such position.
The Advisor will not, in general, attempt to hedge all market or other risks inherent in the Fund’s positions, and will hedge certain risks, if at all, only partially. Specifically, the Advisor may choose not, or may determine that it is economically unattractive, to hedge certain risks, either in respect of particular positions or in respect of the Fund’s overall portfolio. Moreover, it should be noted that the Fund’s portfolio always will be exposed to unidentified systematic risk factors and to certain risks that cannot be completely hedged, such as credit risk (relating both to particular securities and to counterparties). The Fund’s portfolio composition may result in various directional market risks remaining unhedged, although the Advisor may rely on diversification to control such risks to the extent that the Advisor believes it is desirable to do so.
B-12
Recent legislation calls for new regulation of the derivatives markets. The extent and impact of the regulation is not yet fully known and may not be for some time. Any new regulations could adversely affect the value, availability and performance of derivative instruments, may make them more costly, and may limit or restrict their use by the Funds.
Options on Securities and Securities Indices
A call option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities at a specified price during the option period. A put option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to sell specified securities during the option period. The Fund may invest in both European-style or American-style options. A European-style option is only exercisable immediately prior to its expiration. American-style options are exercisable at any time prior to the expiration date of the option.
Writing Call Options. The Fund may write covered call options. A call option is “covered” if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in such amounts as held in a segregated account by the Fund’s custodian. The writer of a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a “closing purchase transaction.” This is accomplished by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
Effecting a closing transaction in a written call option will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
B-13
In addition to covered call options, the Fund may write uncovered (or “naked”) call options on securities, including ETFs, and indices; however, SEC rules require that the Fund segregates assets on its books and records with a value equal to the value of the securities or the index that the holder of the option is entitled to call. Segregated securities cannot be sold while the option strategy is outstanding, unless they are replaced with other suitable assets. As a result, there is a possibility that segregation of a large percentage of the Fund’s assets could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Writing Covered Index Call Options. The Fund may sell index call options. The Fund may also execute a closing purchase transaction with respect to the option it has sold and then sell another option with either a different exercise price and/or expiration date. The Fund’s objective in entering into such closing transactions is to increase option premium income, to limit losses or to protect anticipated gains in the underlying stocks. The cost of a closing transaction, while reducing the premium income realized from the sale of the option, should be offset, at least in part, by the appreciation in the value of the underlying index, and by the opportunity to realize additional premium income from selling a new option.
When the Fund sells an index call option, it does not deliver the underlying stocks or cash to the broker through whom the transaction is effected. In the case of an exchange-traded option, the Fund establishes an escrow account. The Custodian (or a securities depository acting for the Custodian) acts as the Fund’s escrow agent. The escrow agent enters into documents known as escrow receipts with respect to the stocks included in the Fund (or escrow receipts with respect to other acceptable securities). The escrow agent releases the stocks from the escrow account when the call option expires or the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction. Until such release, the underlying stocks cannot be sold by the Fund. The Fund may enter into similar collateral arrangements with the counterparty when it sells over-the-counter index call options.
When the Fund sells an index call option, it is also required to “cover” the option pursuant to requirements enunciated by the staff of the SEC. The staff has indicated that a mutual fund may “cover” an index call option by (1) owning and holding for the term of the option a portfolio of stocks substantially replicating the movement of the index underlying the call option; (2) purchasing an American-style call option on the same index with an exercise price not greater than the exercise price of the written option; or (3) establishing and maintaining for the term of the option a segregated account consisting of cash, U.S. Government securities or other high-grade debt securities, equal in value to the aggregate contract price of the call option (the current index value times the specific multiple). The Fund generally “covers” the index options it has sold by owning and holding stocks substantially replicating the movement of the applicable index. As an alternative method of “covering” the option, the Fund may purchase an appropriate offsetting option.
B-14
The purchaser of an index call option sold by the Fund may exercise the option at a price fixed as of the closing level of the index on exercise date. Unless the Fund has liquid assets sufficient to satisfy the exercise of the index call option, the Fund would be required to liquidate portfolio securities to satisfy the exercise. The market value of such securities may decline between the time the option is exercised and the time the Fund is able to sell the securities. If the Fund fails to anticipate an exercise, it may have to borrow from a bank (in amounts not exceeding 5% of the Fund’s total assets) pending settlement of the sale of the portfolio securities and thereby incur interest charges. If trading is interrupted on the index, the Fund would not be able to close out its option positions.
Risks of Transactions in Options. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and indices. Options may be more volatile than the underlying securities and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation in value than an investment in the underlying securities themselves. There are also significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objective. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or clearing corporation may not be adequate to handle current trading volume at all times; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The extent to which the Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by the requirements of the Code, for qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company.
Over-the-Counter Options. The Fund may engage in transactions involving over-the-counter options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are specific to over-the-counter options. The Fund may engage a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, but if the Fund purchased an over-the-counter option, it must then rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option if the option is exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while over-the-counter options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize the value of an over-the-counter option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes an over-the-counter option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter into over-the-counter options only with dealers who will agree to and are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate an over-the-counter option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a covered over-the-counter call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate an over-the-counter option. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, since the Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair the Fund’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
B-15
The SEC has taken the position that purchased over-the-counter options are illiquid securities. The Fund may treat the cover used for written over-the-counter options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the over-the-counter option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the over-the-counter option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Fund will treat over-the-counter options as subject to the Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of over-the-counter options, the Fund will change the treatment of such instruments accordingly.
Stock Index Options. The Fund may invest in options on indices, including broad-based security indices. Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on other investments except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities. When a fund writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the call times a specified multiple (“multiplier”), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference. When a fund buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights as to such call as are indicated above. When a fund buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the fund’s exercise of the put, to deliver to the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When a fund writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the fund to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.
B-16
The risks of investment in options on indices may be greater than options on securities. Because index options are settled in cash, if a fund writes a call on an index it cannot provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying index. A fund can offset some of the risk of writing a call index option by holding a diversified portfolio of securities or instruments similar to those on which the underlying index is based. However, a fund cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities or instruments as underlie the index and, as a result, bears a risk that the value of the securities or instruments held will vary from the value of the index.
Even if the Fund could assemble a portfolio that exactly reproduced the composition of the underlying index, it still would not be fully covered from a risk standpoint because of the “timing risk” inherent in writing index options. When an index option is exercised, the amount of cash that the holder is entitled to receive is determined by the difference between the exercise price and the closing index level on the date when the option is exercised. As with other kinds of options, a fund as the call writer will not learn of the assignment until the next business day at the earliest. The time lag between exercise and notice of assignment poses no risk for the writer of a covered call on a specific underlying security or instrument, such as common stock, because there the writer’s obligation is to deliver the underlying security or instrument, not to pay its value as of a fixed time in the past. So long as the writer already owns the underlying security or instrument, it can satisfy its settlement obligations by simply delivering it, and the risk that its value may have declined since the exercise date is borne by the exercising holder. In contrast, even if the writer of an index call holds investments that exactly match the composition of the underlying index, it will not be able to satisfy its assignment obligations by delivering those investments against payment of the exercise price. Instead, it will be required to pay cash in an amount based on the closing index value on the exercise date. By the time it learns that it has been assigned, the index may have declined, with a corresponding decline in the value of its portfolio. This “timing risk” is an inherent limitation on the ability of index call writers to cover their risk exposure by holding security or instrument positions.
If the Fund has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of the underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall out-of-the-money, the Fund will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.
Leveraging Risk
Certain transactions, including the use of derivatives, may give rise to a form of leverage. To mitigate leveraging risk, the Fund’s custodian will segregate or identify liquid assets or otherwise cover the transactions that may give rise to such risk. Leveraging may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions to satisfy its obligations or to meet segregation requirements when it may not be advantageous to do so. Leveraging may cause the Fund to be more volatile than if the Fund had not been leveraged. This is because leveraging tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s securities.
B-17
The Fund does not intend to borrow funds for investment purposes. The Fund may, from time to time, borrow funds over the short term for working capital needs to provide liquidity for distributions or redemption requests in a timely manner so as to avoid short term trading activity that may be harmful to Fund shareholders.
B-18
Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”)
ETFs are pooled investment vehicles that generally seek to track the performance of specific indices. ETFs may be organized as open-end funds or as unit investment trusts. Their shares are listed on stock exchanges and can be traded throughout the day at market-determined prices.
An ETF generally issues index-based investments in aggregations of 50,000 shares known as “Creation Units” in exchange for a “Portfolio Deposit” consisting of (a) a portfolio of securities substantially similar to the component securities (“Index Securities”) of the applicable index (the “Index”), (b) a cash payment equal to a pro rata portion of the dividends accrued on the ETF’s portfolio securities since the last dividend payment by the ETF, net of expenses and liabilities, and (c) a cash payment or credit (“Balancing Amount”) designed to equalize the net asset value of the Index and the net asset value of a Portfolio Deposit.
Shares of ETFs are not individually redeemable, except upon termination of the ETF. To redeem shares of an ETF, an investor must accumulate enough shares of the ETF to reconstitute a Creation Unit. The liquidity of small holdings of ETF shares, therefore, will depend upon the existence of a secondary market for such shares. Upon redemption of a Creation Unit, the portfolio will receive Index Securities and cash identical to the Portfolio Deposit required of an investor wishing to purchase a Creation Unit that day.
The price of ETF shares is based upon (but not necessarily identical to) the value of the securities held by the ETF. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of ETF shares is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for ETF shares is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying ETF shares purchased or sold by the Fund could result in losses on such shares. There is no assurance that the requirements of the national securities exchanges necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any ETF will continue to be met.
Exchange Traded Notes (“ETNs”)
An investment in an Exchange Traded Note (ETN) involves risks, including possible loss of principal. ETNs are unsecured debt securities issued by a bank that are linked to the total return of a market index. Risks of investing in ETNs also include limited portfolio diversification, uncertain principal payment, and illiquidity. Additionally, the investor fee will reduce the amount of return on maturity or at redemption, and as a result the investor may receive less than the principal amount at maturity or upon redemption, even if the value of the relevant index has increased. An investment in an ETN may not be suitable for all investors.
Initial Public Offerings
The Fund may purchase securities of companies in initial public offerings (“IPOs”). By definition, IPOs have not traded publicly until the time of their offerings. Special risks associated with IPOs may include limited numbers of shares available for trading, unseasoned trading, lack of investor knowledge of the companies, and limited operating history, all of which may contribute to price volatility. Many IPOs are issued by undercapitalized companies of small or micro-cap size. The effect of IPOs on the Fund's performance depends on a variety of factors, including the number of IPOs the Fund invests in relative to the size of the Fund and whether and to what extent a security purchased in an IPO appreciates or depreciates in value. As the Fund's asset base increases, IPOs often have a diminished effect on the Fund's performance.
B-19
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, including (i) securities for which there is no readily available market; (ii) securities in which the disposition would be subject to legal restrictions (so called “restricted securities”); and (iii) repurchase agreements having more than seven days to maturity. However, the Fund will not acquire illiquid securities if, as a result, such securities would comprise more than 15% of the value of the Fund’s net assets. The Board or its delegate has the ultimate authority to determine, to the extent permissible under the federal securities laws, which securities are liquid or illiquid for purposes of this 15% limitation. The Board has delegated to the Advisor the day-to-day determination of the illiquidity of any security held by the Fund, although it has retained oversight and ultimate responsibility for such determinations. Although no definitive liquidity criteria are used, the Board has directed the Advisor to consider to such factors as (a) frequency of trading and availability of quotations; (b) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the availability of buyers; (c) the willingness of dealers to be market makers in the security; and (d) the nature of trading activity including (i) the time needed to dispose of a position or part of a position and (ii) offer and solicitation methods. A considerable period of time may elapse between the Fund’s decision to sell such securities and the time when the Fund is able to sell them, during which time the value of the securities could decline. Illiquid securities will usually be priced at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or its delegate. If, through the appreciation of illiquid securities or the depreciation of liquid securities, more than 15% of the value of the Fund’s net assets is invested in illiquid securities, including restricted securities which are not readily marketable, the Fund will take such steps as is deemed advisable, if any, to protect liquidity.
Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than that which prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act that have a readily available market usually are not deemed illiquid for purposes of this limitation by the Fund. However, investing in Rule 144A securities could result in increasing the level of the Fund’s illiquidity if qualified institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities.
B-20
OTHER INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment in the event a company is liquidated, although preferred stock is usually subordinate to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as call/redemption provisions prior to maturity, a negative feature when interest rates decline. In addition, a fund may receive stocks or warrants as result of an exchange or tender of fixed income securities.
The Fund’s investment in preferred stocks is subject to the credit risk related to the financial condition of the issuers of those securities. Credit ratings attempt to evaluate the safety of principal and dividend or interest payments and do not evaluate the risks of fluctuations in market value.
Futures and Options on Futures
The Fund may use interest rate, foreign currency, index and other futures contracts. The Fund may use options on futures contracts. A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of the security or other financial instrument at a specified price and time. A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract originally was written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, physical delivery of these securities is not always made. A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indexes, as well as financial instruments, including, without limitation: U.S. Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; GNMA Certificates; three-month U.S. Treasury bills; 90-day commercial paper; bank certificates of deposit; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; the Australian dollar; the Canadian dollar; the British pound; the Japanese yen; the Swiss franc; the Mexican peso; and certain multinational currencies, such as the euro. It is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future.
The Fund may purchase and write call and put futures options. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price upon expiration of, or at any time during the period of, the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true.
B-21
When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by the Fund, the Fund is required to deposit with its futures commission merchant a specified amount of liquid assets (“initial margin”). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract that is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Fund expects to earn taxable interest income on its initial margin deposits.
A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called “variation margin”, equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as “marking to market”. Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open futures positions. The Fund also is required to deposit and to maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option and other futures positions held by the Fund. Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (involving the same exchange, underlying security or index and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs also must be included in these calculations.
The Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a call and a put written on the same underlying futures contract. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Fund’s immediate obligations. The Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options if the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or if the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Fund also will segregate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is “in the money.”
Stock Index Futures
The Fund may invest in stock index futures only as a substitute for a comparable market position in the underlying securities. A stock index future obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to accept), effectively, an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times the difference between the value of a specific stock index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical delivery of the underlying stocks in the index is made. With respect to stock indices that are permitted investments, the Fund intends to purchase and sell futures contracts on the stock index for which it can obtain the best price with consideration also given to liquidity.
B-22
When-Issued or Delayed-Delivery Securities
The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. For example, delivery of and payment for these securities can take place a month or more after the date of the purchase commitment. The purchase price and the interest rate payable, if any, on the securities are fixed on the purchase commitment date or at the time the settlement date is fixed. The value of such securities is subject to market fluctuations and, in the case of fixed income securities, no interest accrues to the Fund until settlement takes place. When purchasing a security on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations. Accordingly, at the time the Fund makes the commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, it will record the transaction, reflect the value each day of such securities in determining its net asset value and, if applicable, calculate the maturity for the purposes of average maturity from that date. At the time of its acquisition, a when-issued security may be valued at less than the purchase price. The Fund will make commitments for such when-issued transactions only when it has the intention of actually acquiring the securities. To facilitate such acquisitions, the Fund will maintain with the Custodian a segregated account with liquid assets, consisting of cash, United States Government securities or other appropriate securities, in an amount at least equal to such commitments. On delivery dates for such transactions, the Fund will meet its obligations from maturities or sales of the securities held in the segregated account and/or from cash flow. If, however, the Fund chooses to dispose of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition, it could, as with the disposition of any other portfolio obligation, incur a taxable capital gain or loss due to market fluctuation. Also, the Fund may be disadvantaged if the other party to the transaction defaults. It is the current policy of the Fund not to enter into when- issued commitments exceeding in the aggregate 25% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets, less liabilities other than the obligations created by when-issued commitments.
Swap Agreements
The Fund may enter into interest rate, currency and index swaps and the purchase or sale of related caps, floors and collars. The Fund may enter into these transactions to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio, to protect against currency fluctuations or to protect against any increase in the price of securities it anticipates purchasing at a later date. Swaps may be used in conjunction with other instruments to offset interest rate, currency or other underlying risks. For example, interest rate swaps may be offset with “caps,” “floors” or “collars”. A “cap” is essentially a call option which places a limit on the amount of floating rate interest that must be paid on a certain principal amount. A “floor” is essentially a put option which places a limit on the minimum amount that would be paid on a certain principal amount. A “collar” is essentially a combination of a long cap and a short floor where the limits are set at different levels.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis; that is, the two payment streams will be netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. To the extent obligations created thereby may be deemed to constitute senior securities, the Fund will maintain required collateral in a segregated account consisting of U.S. government securities or cash or cash equivalents. If the Fund were assigned an exercise notice on a call it has written, it would be required to liquidate portfolio securities in order to satisfy the exercise, unless it has other liquid assets that are sufficient to satisfy the exercise of the call. If the Fund has written a call, there is also a risk that the market may decline between the time the Fund has a call exercised against it, at a price which is fixed as of the closing level of the index on the date of exercise, and the time it is able to sell securities in its portfolio. As with stock options, the Fund will not learn that an index option has been exercised until the day following the exercise date but, unlike a call on stock where it would be able to deliver the underlying securities in settlement, the Fund may have to sell part of its securities portfolio in order to make settlement in cash, and the price of such securities might decline before they can be sold. For example, even if an index call which the Fund has written is “covered” by an index call held by the Fund with the same strike price, it will bear the risk that the level of the index may decline between the close of trading on the date the exercise notice is filed with the Options Clearing Corporation and the close of trading on the date the Fund exercises the call it holds or the time it sells the call, which in either case would occur no earlier than the day following the day the exercise notice was filed.
B-23
Total Return Swaps. The Fund may enter into total return swap contracts for investment purposes. Total return swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments based on the change in market value of the underlying assets, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or security indexes during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate of the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or market, including in cases in which there may be disadvantages associated with direct ownership of a particular security. In a typical total return equity swap, payments made by the Fund or the counterparty are based on the total return of a particular reference asset or assets (such as an equity security, a combination of such securities, or an index). That is, one party agrees to pay another party the return on a stock, basket of stocks, or stock index in return for a specified interest rate. By entering into an equity index swap, for example, the index receiver can gain exposure to stocks making up the index of securities without actually purchasing those stocks. Total return swaps involve not only the risk associated with the investment in the underlying securities, but also the risk of the counterparty not fulfilling its obligations under the agreement.
Interest Rate Swaps. The Fund may enter into an interest rate swap in an effort to protect against declines in the value of fixed income securities held by the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund may agree to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) while a counterparty agrees to pay a floating rate (multiplied by the same notional amount). If interest rates rise, resulting in a diminution in the value of the fund’s portfolio, the fund would receive payments under the swap that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value.
B-24
Over the Counter Transactions
Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) transactions differ from exchange-traded transactions in several respects. OTC transactions are transacted directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation. Without the availability of a clearing corporation, OTC transaction pricing is normally done by reference to information from market makers, which information is carefully monitored by the Advisor and verified in appropriate cases. As OTC transactions are transacted directly with dealers, there is a risk of nonperformance by the dealer as a result of the insolvency of such dealer or otherwise. An OTC transaction may only be terminated voluntarily by entering into a closing transaction with the dealer with whom the Fund originally dealt. Any such cancellation may require the Fund to pay a premium to that dealer. In those cases in which the Fund has entered into a covered transaction and cannot voluntarily terminate the transaction, the Fund will not be able to sell the underlying security until the transaction expires or is exercised or different cover is substituted. The Fund intends to enter into OTC transactions only with dealers which agree to, and which are expected to be capable of, entering into closing transactions with the Fund. There is also no assurance that the Fund will be able to liquidate an OTC transaction at any time prior to expiration.
Certain additional risk factors related to derivatives are discussed below:
Derivatives Risk. Under recently adopted rules by the CFTC, transactions in some types of interest rate swaps and credit default index swaps on North American and European indices will be required to be cleared. In a cleared derivatives transaction, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house (such as CME Clearing, ICE Clearing or LCH.Clearnet), rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members, who are futures commission merchants that are members of the clearing houses and who have the appropriate regulatory approvals to engage in swap transactions. The Fund will make and receive payments owed under cleared derivatives transactions (including margin payments) through their accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house. In contrast to bilateral derivatives transactions, following a period of advance notice to the Fund, clearing members generally can require termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions at any time and increases in margin above the margin that it required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions and to terminate transactions. Any such increase or termination could interfere with the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Also, the Fund is subject to execution risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that the Manager expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Fund’s behalf. While the documentation in place between the Fund and their clearing members generally provides that the clearing members will accept for clearing all transactions submitted for clearing that are within credit limits specified by the clearing members in advance, the Fund could be subject to this execution risk if the Fund submits for clearing transactions that exceed such credit limits, if the clearing house does not accept the transactions for clearing, or if the clearing members do not comply with their agreement to clear such transactions. In that case, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of any increase in the value of the transaction after the time of the transaction. In addition, new regulations could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund or increasing margin or capital requirements. If the Fund is not able to enter into a particular derivatives transaction, the Fund’s investment performance and risk profile could be adversely affected as a result.
B-25
Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk with respect to OTC derivatives may be affecte by new regulations promulgated by the CFTC and SEC affecting the derivatives market. As described under “Derivatives Risk” above, some derivatives transactions will be required to be cleared, and a party to a cleared derivatives transaction is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position, rather than the credit risk of its original counterparty to the derivative transaction. Clearing members are required to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives transactions from the clearing member’s proprietary assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing broker from its customers are generally held by the clearing broker on a commingled basis in an omnibus account, which may also invest those funds in certain instruments permitted under the applicable regulations. The assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Fund’s clearing member because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing broker’s customers for a relevant account class. Also, the clearing member transfers to the clearing house the amount of margin required by the clearing house for cleared swaps, which amounts are generally held in an omnibus account at the clearing house for all customers of the clearing member. Regulations promulgated by the CFTC require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the amount of initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing house that is attributable to each customer. However, if the clearing member does not provide accurate reporting, the Fund is subject to the risk that a clearing house will use the Fund’s assets held in an omnibus account at the clearing house to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing house. In addition, clearing members generally provide to the clearing house the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers in the aggregate, rather than the gross amount of each customer. The Fund is therefore subject to the risk that a clearing house will not make variation margin payments owed to the Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default.
Temporary Investments
The Fund may take temporary defensive measures that are inconsistent with the Fund’s normal fundamental or non-fundamental investment policies and strategies in response to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions as determined by the Advisor. Such measures could include, but are not limited to, investments in (1) highly liquid short-term fixed income securities issued by or on behalf of municipal or corporate issuers, obligations of the U.S. Government and its agencies, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit; (2) repurchase agreements involving any such securities; and (3) other money market instruments. The Fund also may invest in shares of money market mutual funds to the extent permitted under applicable law. Money market mutual funds are investment companies, and the investments in those companies by the Fund are in some cases subject to certain fundamental investment restrictions. As a shareholder in a mutual fund, the Fund will bear its ratable share of its expenses, including management fees, and will remain subject to payment of the fees to the Advisor, with respect to assets so invested. The Fund may not achieve its investment objectives during temporary defensive periods.
B-26
Borrowing
Borrowing creates an opportunity for increased return, but, at the same time, creates special risks. Furthermore, if the Fund were to engage in borrowing, an increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the Fund’s shares by increasing the Fund’s interest expense. Subject to the limitations described under “Investment Limitations” below, the Fund may be permitted to borrow for temporary purposes and/or for investment purposes. Such a practice will result in leveraging of the Fund’s assets and may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. This borrowing may be secured or unsecured. Provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets will count against this asset coverage requirement. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint if the Fund sells securities at that time. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund's portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, if any. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
Investment Restrictions
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the favorable vote of the holders of a “majority” of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the “vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” of the Fund means the vote of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental policy and may be changed without shareholder approval.
B-27
The Fund may not:
1. | Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of its net assets (including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short sales and in investing in financial futures and reverse repurchase agreements; |
2. | Act as underwriter, except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment portfolio; |
3. | Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of purchase and taken at market value, in any one sector (excluding securities issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities), except that the Fund will concentrate (that is, invest 25% or more of its total assets) in the energy infrastructure sector; |
4. | Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate such as real estate investment trusts (REITs)); |
5. | Make loans of money, except (a) for purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund, (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements or, (c) through the loan of portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of the Fund’s net assets; or |
6. | Purchase or sell commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options; may enter into foreign exchange contracts; may enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring the delivery of physical commodities; may purchase or sell precious metals directly, and may purchase or sell precious metal commodity contracts or options on such contracts in compliance with applicable commodities laws. |
The Fund observes the following restriction as a matter of operating but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory authorities:
The Fund may not invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets in securities with legal or contractual restrictions on resale, securities that are not readily marketable and repurchase agreements with more than seven days to maturity.
Except with respect to borrowing, if a percentage or rating restriction on investment or use of assets set forth herein or in the Prospectus is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from any cause other than actions by the Fund will not be considered a violation.
B-28
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Trustees and Officers
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including the agreements with the Advisor, co-administrators, Distributor, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, except that the Advisor is responsible for making day-to-day investment decisions in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, and policies, all of which is subject to general supervision by the Board.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their years of birth and positions with the Trust, term of office with the Trust and length of time served, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past five years and other directorships held during the past five years are listed in the table below. Unless noted otherwise, each person has held the position listed for a minimum of five years. Charles H. Miller, Ashley Toomey Rabun and William H. Young are all of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (collectively, the “Independent Trustees”).
Name, Address, Year of Birth and Position(s) held with Trust | Term of Officec and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years and Other Affiliations | Number of Portfolios in the Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
“Independent” Trustees: | ||||
Charles H. Millera (born 1947) Trustee | Since November 2007 | Retired (2013-present). Executive Vice President, Client Management and Development, Access Data Corporation, a Broadridge company, a provider of technology and services to asset management firms (1997-2012). | 71 | None. |
Ashley Toomey Rabun a (born 1952) Trustee and Chairperson of the Board | Since November 2007 | President and Founder, InvestorReach, Inc. a financial services consulting firm (1996-present). | 71 | None. |
William H. Young a (born 1950) Trustee | Since November 2007 | Independent financial services consultant (1996-present). | 71 | None. |
Interested Trustees: | ||||
John P. Zader a † (born 1961) Trustee and President | Since November 2007 as Trustee and December 2007 as President | CEO, UMB Fund Services, Inc., a mutual and hedge fund service provider, and the transfer agent, fund accountant, and co-administrator for the Fund (2006-present). | 71 | Investment Managers Series Trust II, a registered investment company. |
B-29
Name, Address, Year of Birth and Position(s) held with Trust | Term of Officec and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years and Other Affiliations | Number of Portfolios in the Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Eric M. Banhazlb† (born 1957) Trustee and Vice President | Since January 2008 as Trustee and December 2007 as Vice President | President, Mutual Fund Administration Corp., the co-administrator for the Fund (2006 – present). | 71 | Investment Managers Series Trust II, a registered investment company. |
Officers of the Trust: | ||||
Rita Damb (born 1966) Treasurer and Assistant Secretary | Since December 2007 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration Corp. (2006 – present). | N/A | N/A |
Joy Ausilib (born 1966) Secretary and Assistant Treasurer | Since December 2007 | Vice President, Mutual Fund Administration Corp. (2006 – present). | N/A | N/A |
Maureen Quilla (born 1963) Vice President | Since December 2013 | Executive Vice President, UMB Fund Services, Inc. (1996 – present). | N/A | N/A |
Terrance P. Gallagher, CPA, JD a (born 1958) Vice President | Since December 2007 | Executive Vice President, UMB Fund Services, Inc. (2007 – present); Director of Compliance, Unified Fund Services Inc. (2004 – 2007). | N/A | N/A |
Todd Cippermanb (born 1966) Chief Compliance Officer | Since December 2009 | Founder and Principal, Cipperman & Company/Cipperman Compliance Services (2004 – present). | N/A | N/A |
a | Address for certain Trustees and certain officers: 803 West Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233-2301. |
b | Address for Mr. Banhazl, Ms. Ausili and Ms. Dam: 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, CA 91740. |
Address for Mr. Cipperman: 500 Swedesford Road, Suite 104, Wayne, PA 19087.
c | Trustees and officers serve until their successors have been duly elected. |
† | Each of Mr. Zader and Mr. Banhazl is an “interested person” of the Trust by virtue of his position as an officer of the Trust. |
Compensation
Each Independent Trustee receives from the Trust a quarterly retainer of $20,000, $4,000 for each special in-person meeting attended, and $1,000 for each telephonic meeting attended at which Board action is taken. In addition, Ms. Rabun receives an additional annual retainer of $12,000 for serving as Chairperson of the Board; each of Mr. Young and Mr. Miller receives an additional annual retainer of $8,000 for serving as Audit Committee Chair and Valuation Committee Chair, respectively; Mr. Young, who serves as Chair of the Derivatives Risk Oversight Committee (the “Derivatives Committee”), receives a fee of $1,000 for each meeting of that Committee; and Mr. Miller, who serves as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee (the “Nominating Committee”), receives a fee of $1,000 for each meeting of that Committee. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
B-30
Name of Person/Position | Aggregate Compensation From the Fund1 | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund’s Expenses | Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | Total Compensation from Trust (56 Funds) Paid to Trustees1 |
Independent Trustees | ||||
Charles H. Miller, Trustee and Nominating Committee and Valuation Committee Chair | $1,069 | None | None | $61,000 |
Ashley Toomey Rabun, Trustee and Chairperson | $1,023 | None | None | $59,000 |
William H. Young, Trustee and Audit Committee and Derivatives Committee Chair | $1,120 | None | None | $64,000 |
1 | For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013. |
Mr. Zader and Mr. Banhazl are not compensated for their services as Trustees because of their affiliation with the Trust. Officers of the Trust are not compensated by the Fund for their services.
Additional Information Concerning the Board and the Trustees
The current Trustees were selected in November 2007 (January 2008 for Mr. Banhazl) with a view towards establishing a Board that would have the broad experience needed to oversee a registered investment company comprised of multiple series employing a variety of different investment strategies. As a group, the Board has extensive experience in many different aspects of the financial services and asset management industries.
The Trustees were selected to join the Board based upon the following factors, among others: character and integrity; willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee; as to each Trustee other than Messrs. Banhazl and Zader, satisfying the criteria for not being classified as an “interested person” of the Trust as defined in the 1940 Act; and, as to Messrs. Banhazl and Zader, their positions with the Trust’s co-administrators. In addition, the Trustees have the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills relevant to the operations of the Trust:
• | Ms. Rabun has substantial senior executive experience in mutual fund marketing and distribution and serving in senior executive and board positions with mutual funds, including multiple series trusts similar to the Trust. |
• | Mr. Miller has significant senior executive experience with respect to marketing and distribution of mutual funds, including multiple series trusts similar to the Trust. |
B-31
• | Mr. Young has broad senior executive experience with respect to the operations and management of mutual funds and administrative service providers, including multiple series trusts similar to the Trust. |
• | Mr. Banhazl has significant experience serving in senior executive and board positions for mutual funds and with respect to the organization and operation of mutual funds and multiple series trusts similar to the Trust. |
• | Mr. Zader has substantial experience serving in senior executive positions at mutual fund administrative service providers. |
In its periodic self-assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, the Board considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees primarily in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the Funds. The summaries set forth above as to the qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees are required by the registration form adopted by the SEC, do not constitute holding out the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and do not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board as a whole than would otherwise be the case.
The Board of Trustees has four standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Derivatives Committee, the Nominating Committee, and the Valuation Committee.
• | The function of the Audit Committee, with respect to each series of the Trust, is to review the scope and results of the Trust’s annual audit and any matters bearing on the audit or the Fund’s financial statements and to assist the Board’s oversight of the integrity of the Fund’s pricing and financial reporting. The Audit Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees and is chaired by Mr. Young. It does not include any Interested Trustees. The Audit Committee is expected to meet at least twice a year with respect to each series of the Trust. The Audit Committee met twice during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013 with respect to the Fund. |
• | The Audit Committee also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”) for the Trust for the purpose of compliance with Rules 205.2(k) and 205.3(c) of the Code of Federal Regulations regarding alternative reporting procedures for attorneys retained or employed by an issuer who appear and practice before the SEC on behalf of the issuer. The QLCC meets as needed. The QLCC did not meet during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013. |
• | The Derivatives Committee reviews the types of investments in derivatives made by various series of the Trust. The Derivatives Committee conducts meetings periodically as needed in order to inform the Board of Trustees about various series’ derivatives positions, related valuation issues and such other matters related to derivatives as the Committee determines. The Derivatives Committee is comprised of Messrs. Young and Miller and is chaired by Mr. Young. The Derivatives Committee meets as needed and did not meet with respect to the Fund during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013. |
B-32
• | The Nominating Committee is responsible for reviewing matters pertaining to composition, committees, and operations of the Board. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees properly recommended by the Trust’s shareholders. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send nominations that include, among other things, biographical data and the qualifications of the proposed nominee to the Trust’s Secretary. The Independent Trustees comprise the Nominating Committee, and the Committee is chaired by Mr. Miller. The Nominating Committee meets as needed. The Nominating Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013. |
• | The function of the Valuation Committee is to value securities held by any series of the Trust for which current and reliable market quotations are not readily available. Such securities are valued at their respective fair values as determined in good faith by the Valuation Committee and the actions of the Valuation Committee are subsequently reviewed by the Board. The Valuation Committee is comprised of all the Trustees and is chaired by Mr. Miller, but action may be taken by any one of the Trustees. The Valuation Committee meets as needed. The Valuation Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013 with respect to the Fund. |
Independent Trustees comprise 60% of the Board and Ashley Toomey Rabun, an Independent Trustee, serves as Chairperson of the Board. The Chairperson serves as a key point person for dealings between the Trust’s management and the other Independent Trustees. As noted above, through the committees of the Board the Independent Trustees consider and address important matters involving each series of the Trust, including those presenting conflicts or potential conflicts of interest. The Independent Trustees also regularly meet outside the presence of management and are advised by independent legal counsel. The Board has determined that its organization and leadership structure are appropriate in light of its fiduciary and oversight obligations, the special obligations of the Independent Trustees, and the relationship between the Interested Trustees and the Trust’s co-administrators. The Board also believes that its structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from management.
Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Fund in the interests of shareholders, the Board among other things oversees risk management of the Fund’s investment programs and business affairs directly and through the Audit Committee. The Board has emphasized to the Advisor the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management programs and procedures.
B-33
The Fund faces a number of risks, such as investment risk, valuation risk, reputational risk, risk of operational failure or lack of business continuity, and legal, compliance and regulatory risk. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Fund. Under the overall supervision of the Board, the Advisor and other service providers to the Fund employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various of those possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Various personnel, including the Fund’s CCO, the Advisor’s management, and other service providers (such as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm) make periodic reports to the Board or to the Audit Committee with respect to various aspects of risk management. The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s investment objective, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s risk management oversight is subject to substantial limitations.
Fund Shares Beneficially Owned by Trustees
Certain information regarding ownership by the Trustees of the Fund and other series of the Trust, as of December 31, 2013, is set forth in the following table.
Name of Trustee | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund (None, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, Over $100,000) | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies |
Charles H. Miller, Independent Trustee | None | $1-$10,000 |
Ashley Toomey Rabun, Independent Trustee | None | None |
William H. Young, Independent Trustee | None | None |
John P. Zader, Interested Trustee | None | None |
Eric M. Banhazl, Interested Trustee | None | $10,001-$50,000 |
Control Persons, Principal Shareholders, and Management Ownership
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders with a controlling interest could affect the outcome of voting or the direction of management of the Fund. As of _________, 2014, the following shareholders were considered to be either a control person or principal shareholder of the Fund:
B-34
Name and Address | Jurisdiction | % Ownership |
As of _________, 2014, none of the Trustees and officers of the Trust owned any shares of the Fund. Furthermore, neither the Independent Trustees, nor members of their immediate families, own securities beneficially or of record in the Advisor, the Fund’s distributor, IMST Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), or any affiliate of the Advisor or Distributor.
The Advisor
Advisory Research, Inc. located at Two Prudential Plaza, 180 N. Stetson Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601, acts as investment advisor to the Fund pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Advisor is a wholly owned subsidiary of Piper Jaffray Companies, which is an international investment firm. The MLP Team, which is responsible for management of the Fund’s assets, is located at 8235 Forsyth Blvd., Suite 700, St. Louis, Missouri 63105.
Subject to such policies as the Board of Trustees may determine, the Advisor is ultimately responsible for investment decisions for the Fund. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor provides the Fund with such investment advice and supervision as it deems necessary for the proper supervision of the Fund’s investments. The Advisor also continuously monitors and maintains the Fund’s investment criteria and determines from time to time what securities may be purchased by the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for an initial two-year period. After the initial two-year period, the Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or interested persons of any such party, at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Advisory Agreement. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund, upon giving the Advisor 60 days’ notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund’s shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Board, or by the Advisor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Advisory Agreement provides that the Advisor shall not be liable for any error of judgment or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the Advisory Agreement, except for a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty, or for a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or from reckless disregard by the Advisor of its duties under the Advisory Agreement.
B-35
In consideration of the services to be provided by the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is entitled to receive from the Fund an investment advisory fee computed daily and paid monthly based on an annual rate equal to a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets specified in the Prospectus.
The Fund paid the following advisory fees to the Advisor:
Advisory Fees Accrued | Advisory Fees Waived | Advisory Fee Retained | |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013 | $225,362 | $118,918 | $106,444 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2012 | $191,923 | $121,321 | $70,602 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2011 | $123,204 | $123,204 | $0 |
Fund Expenses
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses (all of which will be borne directly or indirectly by the Fund’s shareholders), including among others, legal fees and expenses of counsel to the Fund and the Fund’s independent trustees; insurance (including trustees’ and officers’ errors and omissions insurance); auditing and accounting expenses; taxes and governmental fees; listing fees; dues and expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations; fees and expenses of the Fund’s custodians, administrators, transfer agents, registrars and other service providers; expenses for portfolio pricing services by a pricing agent, if any; expenses in connection with the issuance and offering of shares; expenses relating to investor and public relations; expenses of registering or qualifying securities of the Fund for public sale; brokerage commissions and other costs of acquiring or disposing of any portfolio holding of the Fund; expenses of preparation and distribution of reports, notices and dividends to shareholders; expenses of the dividend reinvestment plan; compensation and expenses of trustees; any litigation expenses; and costs of shareholders’ and other meetings.
The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Fund to ensure that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding, as applicable, any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses, as determined in accordance with Form N-1A, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, or extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.00% of average daily net assets of the Fund. This agreement is in effect until July 31, 2015, and may be terminated before that date only by the Trust's Board of Trustees.
Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of the Fund’s expenses made by the Advisor in a fiscal year may be reimbursed by the Fund for a period of three years from the date of reduction or payment if the Advisor so requests. This reimbursement may be requested from the Fund if the aggregate amount of operating expenses for such fiscal year, as accrued each month, in addition to the reimbursement amount, does not exceed the lesser of (a) the limitation on Fund expenses in effect at the time of the relevant reduction in advisory fees or payment of the Fund’s expenses, or (b) the limitation on Fund expenses at the time of the request. The reimbursement amount may not exceed the total amount of fees waived and/or Fund expenses paid by the Advisor and will not include any amounts previously reimbursed to the Advisor by the Fund. Any such reimbursement is contingent upon the Board’s subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed amounts. The Fund must pay current ordinary operating expenses before the Advisor is entitled to any reimbursement of fees and/or Fund expenses.
B-36
Portfolio Managers
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers. As of November 30, 2013, information on other accounts managed jointly by the Fund’s portfolio managers is as follows.
James J. Cunnane Jr., CFA
With Advisory Fee based on performance | ||||
Type of Accounts | Number of Accounts | Total Assets | Number of Accounts | Total Assets |
Registered Investment Companies | 3 | $2,925 million | -- | $0 |
Other Pooled Investments | 4 | $32 million | 1 | $19 million |
Other Accounts | 519 | $1,442 million | -- | $0 |
Quinn T. Kiley
With Advisory Fee based on performance | ||||
Type of Accounts | Number of Accounts | Total Assets | Number of Accounts | Total Assets |
Registered Investment Companies | 3 | $2,925 million | -- | $0 |
Other Pooled Investments | 4 | $32 million | 1 | $19 million |
Other Accounts | 519 | $1,442 million | -- | $0 |
Material Conflicts of Interest. Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. Where conflicts of interest arise between the Fund and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager, the Advisor will proceed in a manner that ensures that the Fund will not be treated less favorably. There may be instances where similar portfolio transactions may be executed for the same security for numerous accounts managed by the portfolio managers. In such instances, securities will be allocated in accordance with the Advisor’s trade allocation policy. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple funds and/or other accounts may be presented with one or more of the following potential conflicts:
The management of multiple funds and/or other accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each fund and/or other account. The Advisor seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of a portfolio manager by having the portfolio manager focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment models that are used in connection with the management of the Fund.
B-37
If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity which may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, a fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible funds and other accounts. To deal with these situations, the Advisor has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across multiple accounts. With respect to securities transactions for the Fund, the Advisor determines which broker to use to execute each order, consistent with its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to certain other accounts (such as pooled investment vehicles that are not registered mutual funds, and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals), the Advisor may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, trades for a fund in a particular security may be placed separately from, rather than aggregated with, such other accounts. Having separate transactions with respect to a security may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the possible detriment of a fund or other account(s) involved.
The Advisor has adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
Compensation. The portfolio managers are compensated by the Advisor. They are paid fixed base salaries and annual bonuses. Each base salary is set at a level determined to be appropriate based upon the individual’s experience and responsibilities. Each bonus is discretionary and is approved by the Chief Executive Officer of Advisory Research, Inc. The bonus is based on the individual’s performance as well as the Advisor’s profitability. The monies paid are directly derived from a “pool” created from the MLP Team’s earnings, but are not based on the performance of any fund or managed accounts.
Securities Owned in the Fund by the Portfolio Managers. As of November 30, 2013, the portfolio managers owned the following securities in the Fund:
Name of Portfolio Manager | Dollar Range of Securities in the Fund (None, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, $100,001 - $500,000, $500,001 - $1,000,000, Over $1,000,000) |
James J. Cunnane Jr., CFA | Over $1,000,000 |
Quinn T. Kiley | $100,001 - $500,000 |
Service Providers
Pursuant to a Co-Administration Agreement (the “Co-Administration Agreement”), UMB Fund Services, Inc. (“UMBFS”), 803 W. Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, and Mutual Fund Administration Corporation (“MFAC”), 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740 (collectively the “Co-Administrators”), act as co-administrators for the Fund. The Co-Administrators provide certain administrative services to the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Fund’s independent contractors and agents; preparing for signature by an officer of the Trust of all documents required to be filed for compliance with applicable laws and regulations including those of the securities laws of various states; arranging for the computation of performance data, including net asset value and yield; arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund; and providing, at their own expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to carry out their duties. In this capacity, the Co-Administrators do not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares. The Co-Administration Agreement provides that neither Co-Administrator shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust or its series, except for losses resulting from a Co-Administrator's willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the Agreement.
B-38
Net Assets | Rate |
First $150 million | 0.10% |
Next $100 million | 0.08% |
Thereafter | 0.05% |
The Fund paid the following co-administrator fees:
Co-Administration Fees | |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013 | $46,574 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2012 | $45,604 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2011 | $50,067 |
UMBFS also acts as the Trust’s fund accountant, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent pursuant to separate agreements.
UMB Bank, n.a. (the “Custodian”), an affiliate of UMBFS, is the custodian of the assets of the Fund pursuant to a custody agreement between the Custodian and the Trust, whereby the Custodian provides services for fees on a transactional basis plus out-of-pocket expenses. The Custodian’s address is 928 Grand Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 64106. The Custodian does not participate in decisions pertaining to the purchase and sale of securities by the Fund.
Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, 1818 Market Street, Suite 2400, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund. Its services include auditing the Fund’s financial statements and the performance of related tax services.
Bingham McCutchen LLP (“Bingham”), 355 South Grand Avenue, Suite 4400, Los Angeles, California 90071, serves as counsel to the Trust and provides counsel on legal matters relating to the Fund. Bingham also serves as independent legal counsel to the Independent Trustees.
B-39
Distribution Agreement
IMST Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) is the distributor (also known as the principal underwriter) of the shares of the Fund and is located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of FINRA. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust, the Advisor, or any other service provider for the Fund.
Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust dated January 1, 2013 (the “Distribution Agreement”), the Distributor acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.
The Distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial intermediaries for distribution of shares of the Fund. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Fund and/or the Advisor, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Distributor. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Fund.
Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although customers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the financial intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Fund for its distribution services except the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for which a Rule 12b-1 distribution plan is effective. The Advisor pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services.
The Distribution Agreement has an initial term of up to two years and will continue in effect only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities in accordance with the 1940 Act. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on no less than 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or by vote of a majority of the members of the Board who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Agreement, or by the Distributor, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Distribution Agreement provides that the Distributor shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the performance of the Distributor’s obligations and duties under the Distribution Agreement, except a loss resulting from the Distributor’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of such duties and obligations, or by reason of its reckless disregard thereof.
B-40
Marketing and Support Payments
The Advisor, out of its own resources and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide cash payments or other compensation to certain financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund. These payments are in addition to other fees described in the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, and are generally provided for shareholder services or marketing support. Payments for marketing support are typically for inclusion of the Fund on sales lists, including electronic sales platforms. Investors may wish to take these payments into account when considering and evaluating recommendations to purchase shares of the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor determines which securities are to be purchased and sold by the Fund and which broker-dealers are eligible to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions. The purchases and sales of securities in the over-the-counter market will generally be executed by using a broker for the transaction.
Purchases of portfolio securities for the Fund also may be made directly from issuers or from underwriters. Where possible, purchase and sale transactions will be effected through dealers (including banks) that specialize in the types of securities which the Fund will be holding unless better executions are available elsewhere. Dealers and underwriters usually act as principals for their own accounts. Purchases from underwriters will include a concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers will include the spread between the bid and the asked price. If the execution and price offered by more than one dealer or underwriter are comparable, the order may be allocated to a dealer or underwriter that has provided research or other services as discussed below.
In placing portfolio transactions, the Advisor will use its reasonable efforts to choose broker-dealers capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable price and execution available. The full range and quality of services available will be considered in making these determinations, such as the size of the order, the difficulty of execution, the operational facilities of the broker-dealer involved, the risk in positioning the block of securities, and other factors. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more than one broker-dealer can offer the services needed to obtain the most favorable price and execution available, consideration may be given to those broker-dealers which furnish or supply research and statistical information to the Advisor that they may lawfully and appropriately use in their investment advisory capacities, as well as provide other services in addition to execution services. The Advisor considers such information, which is in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by it under its Advisory Agreement with the Fund, to be useful in varying degrees, but of indeterminable value.
B-41
While it is the Fund’s general policy to seek to obtain the most favorable price and execution available in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund, weight is also given to the ability of a broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services as defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to the Fund or to the Advisor, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Fund and may be useful to the Advisor in advising other clients. In negotiating commissions with a broker or evaluating the spread to be paid to a dealer, the Fund may therefore pay a higher commission or spread than would be the case if no weight were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services, provided that the amount of such commission or spread has been determined in good faith by the Advisor to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by such broker-dealer. The standard of reasonableness is to be measured in light of the Advisor’s overall responsibilities to the Fund.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other client accounts that may be managed or advised by the Advisor. Nevertheless, it is possible that at times, identical securities will be acceptable for both the Fund and one or more of such client accounts. In such event, the position of the Fund and such client accounts in the same issuer may vary and the holding period may likewise vary. However, to the extent any of these client accounts seek to acquire the same security as the Fund at the same time, the Fund may not be able to acquire as large a position in such security as it desires, or it may have to pay a higher price or obtain a lower yield for such security. Similarly, the Fund may not be able to obtain as high a price for, or as large an execution of, an order to sell any particular security at the same time as the Advisor’s other client accounts. If one or more of such client accounts simultaneously purchases or sells the same security that the Fund is purchasing or selling, each day’s transactions in such security will be allocated between the Fund and all such client accounts in a manner deemed equitable by the Advisor, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts, the amount being purchased or sold in relation to Advisor’s target position in that particular security for the Fund and the client accounts, and cash position. It is recognized that in some cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or value of the security insofar as the Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, it is believed that the ability of the Fund to participate in volume transactions may produce better executions for the Fund.
The Fund does not effect securities transactions through brokers in accordance with any formula, nor does it effect securities transactions through brokers for selling shares of the Fund. However, broker-dealers who execute brokerage transactions may effect purchase of shares of the Fund for their customers. The brokers may also supply the Fund with research, statistical, and other services.
B-42
The Fund paid the following brokerage commissions:
Broker Commissions | |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013 | $29,291 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2012 | $34,786 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2011 | $12,019 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, the Fund did not have any soft dollar arrangements with any brokers. The increase in broker commissions for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2012, from the fiscal year ended November 30, 2011 was due to the following factors: (1) model changes in the portfolio, and (2) investments in options, which are generally more expensive to execute than other types of transactions. The Fund made no option trades for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2011.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time they have been held when, in the opinion of the Advisor, investment considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Fund’s portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to higher transaction costs and may result in a greater number of taxable transactions. To the extent net short-term capital gains are realized, any distributions resulting from such gains will be taxed at ordinary income tax rates for federal income tax purposes.
The Fund’s portfolio turnover rates for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2013 and 2012 were 56% and 103%, respectively.
PROXY VOTING POLICY
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Trust Policies”) on behalf of the Trust, which delegates the responsibility for voting the Fund’s proxies to the Advisor, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The Trust Policies require that the Advisor vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund. The Trust Policies also require the Advisor to present to the Board, at least annually, the Advisor’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Advisor Policies”) and a record of each proxy voted by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Advisor as involving a conflict of interest. See Appendix B for the Trust Policies and the Advisor Policies. The Proxy Policies are intended to serve as guidelines and to further the economic value of each security held by the Fund. The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) will review the Trust Policies and the Advisor Policies on a regular basis. Each proxy will be considered individually, taking into account the relevant circumstances at the time of each vote.
B-43
If a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the Advisor’s interests and the Fund’s interests, the Advisor will resolve the conflict by following the policy guidelines or the recommendation of an independent third party.
The Fund is required to annually file Form N-PX, which lists the Fund’s complete proxy voting record for the 12-month period ending June 30th each year. Once filed, the Fund’s proxy voting record will be available without charge, upon request, by calling 1-314-446-6747 and on the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM
The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). In order to ensure compliance with this law, the Program provides for the development and implementation of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.
Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Distributor and Transfer Agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity, checking shareholder names against designated government lists, including Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), and a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
The Trust has adopted policies and procedures regarding disclosure of portfolio holdings information (the “Disclosure Policy”). The Board of Trustees determined that the adoption of the Disclosure Policy, including the disclosure permitted therein, was in the best interests of the Trust. The Disclosure Policy applies to the Fund, Advisor and other internal parties involved in the administration, operation or custody of the Fund, including, but not limited to UMBFS, MFAC, the Board of Trustees, counsel to the Trust and Independent Trustees, Bingham McCutchen LLP, and the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, Tait, Weller & Baker LLP (collectively, the “Service Providers”). Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, non-public information concerning the Fund’s portfolio holdings may be disclosed to its Service Providers only if such disclosure is consistent with the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties owed by the Fund and the Advisor to the Fund’s shareholders. The Fund and its Service Providers may not receive compensation or any other consideration (which includes any agreement to maintain assets in the Fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the Advisor or any affiliated person of the Advisor) in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information of the Fund. The Fund’s Disclosure Policy is implemented and overseen by the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees. Periodic reports regarding these procedures will be provided to the Trust’s Board.
B-44
Portfolio holdings information will be deemed public when it has been (1) posted to the Fund's public website (www.__________________) or (2) disclosed in periodic regulatory filings on the SEC's website (www.sec.gov). Management of the Trust may make information regarding the Fund’s portfolio holdings available on the Fund’s website no earlier than five days after the date of such information (e.g., information as of January 31 may be made available no earlier than February 5).
Non-Public Portfolio Holdings Information Policy. All portfolio holdings information that has not been disseminated in a manner making it available to investors generally as described above is considered non-public portfolio holdings information for the purposes of the Disclosure Policy. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, the Fund or its Service Providers may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information to certain third parties who fall within pre-authorized categories on a daily basis, with no lag time unless otherwise specified below. These third parties include: (i) the Fund’s Service Providers and others who need access to such information in the performance of their contractual or other duties and responsibilities to the Fund (e.g., custodians, accountants, the Advisor, administrators, attorneys, officers and Trustees) and who are subject to duties of confidentiality imposed by law or contract, (ii) brokers who execute trades for the Fund, (iii) evaluation service providers (as described below) and (iv) shareholders requesting in-kind redemptions (as described below).
Evaluation Service Providers. These third parties include mutual fund evaluation services, such as Morningstar, Inc. and Lipper, Inc., if the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for disclosing the information, provided that the third party expressly agrees to maintain the non-public portfolio holdings information in confidence and not to trade portfolio securities based on the non-public portfolio holdings information. Subject to the terms and conditions of any agreement between the Fund or its authorized service providers and the third party, if these conditions for disclosure are satisfied, there shall be no restriction on the frequency with which the Fund’s non-public portfolio holdings information is released, and no lag period shall apply. In addition, persons who owe a duty of trust or confidence to the Fund or its Service Providers (such as legal counsel) may receive non-public portfolio holdings information without entering into a non-disclosure agreement.
Shareholder In-Kind Distributions. The Fund’s shareholders may, in some circumstances, elect to redeem their shares of the Fund in exchange for their pro rata share of the securities held by the Fund. In such circumstances, pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, Fund shareholders may receive a complete listing of the portfolio holdings of the Fund up to seven (7) calendar days prior to making the redemption request provided that they represent orally or in writing that they agree to maintain the confidentiality of the portfolio holdings information and not to trade portfolio securities based on the non-public information.
B-45
Other Entities. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, the Fund or the Advisor may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information to a third party who does not fall within the pre-approved categories, and who are not executing broker-dealers; however, prior to the receipt of any non-public portfolio holdings information by such third party, the recipient must have entered into a non-disclosure agreement and the disclosure arrangement must have been approved by the CCO of the Trust. The CCO will report to the Board of Trustees on a quarterly basis regarding any recipients of non-public portfolio holdings information approved pursuant to this paragraph. There are no other ongoing arrangements as of the date of this SAI.
Current Arrangements Regarding Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings As of the date of this SAI, the Trust or the Fund has ongoing business arrangements with the following entities which involve making portfolio holdings information available to such entities as an incidental part of the services they provide to the Trust: (i) the Advisor, the Trust's co-administrators and the Custodian pursuant to investment management, administration and custody agreements, respectively, under which the Trust’s portfolio holdings information is provided daily on a real-time basis; (ii) Tait, Weller & Baker, LLP (independent registered public accounting firm), Bingham McCutchen LLP (attorneys) and other professionals engaged by the Trust to whom the Trust provides portfolio holdings information on a regular basis with varying lag times after the date of the information; and (iii) Morningstar, Inc., Lipper Inc., Thomson Financial, Vickers Stock Research Corporation, and Bloomberg L.P., to which the Fund’s portfolio holdings information is provided quarterly after the end of the previous fiscal quarter, with a 60-day time lag and no earlier than the date such information is filed on the SEC’s EDGAR system on Form N-Q (for the first and third fiscal quarters) or the Annual or Semi-Annual Report is mailed to shareholders (for the second and fourth fiscal quarters), as applicable.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value per share (the “NAV”) of the Fund’s shares will fluctuate and is determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) each business day. The NAV may be calculated earlier if trading on the NYSE is restricted or if permitted by the SEC. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement indicates that the NYSE will not be open for the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The NAV is computed by dividing (a) the difference between the value of the Fund’s securities, cash and other assets and the amount of the Fund’s expenses and liabilities by (b) the number of shares outstanding (assets – liabilities / # of shares = NAV). The NAV takes into account all of the expenses and fees of the Fund, including management fees and administration fees, which are accrued daily.
Net Assets | = | NAV |
Shares Outstanding |
B-46
An example of how the Fund calculated the NAV as of November 30, 2013, is as follows:
$31,819,491 | = | $12.45 |
2,556,461 |
Generally, the Fund’s investments are valued at market value or, in the absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the Advisor and the Trust’s Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by or under the direction of the Board. Pursuant to those procedures, the Board considers, among other things: 1) the last sale price on the securities exchange, if any, on which a security is primarily traded; 2) the mean between the bid and ask prices; 3) price quotations from an approved pricing service, and 4) other factors as necessary to determine a fair value under certain circumstances.
The Fund’s securities which are traded on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between the last available bid and ask prices.
Securities that are traded on more than one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the primary market. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (“NASDAQ”), National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”). If the NOCP is not available, such securities shall be valued at the last sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has not been any sale on such day, at the mean between the bid and ask prices. Over-the-counter (“OTC”) securities which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the most recent trade price.
Stocks that are “thinly traded” or events occurring when a foreign market is closed but the NYSE is open (for example, the value of a security held by the Fund has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded) may create a situation where a market quote would not be readily available. When a market quote is not readily available, the security’s value is based on “fair value” as determined by procedures adopted by the Board. The Board will periodically review the reliability of the Fund’s fair value methodology. The Fund may hold portfolio securities, such as those traded on foreign securities exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund’s shares are not priced. Therefore, the value of the Fund’s shares may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem shares.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60 days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
B-47
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in good faith deems appropriate to reflect as their fair value.
Detailed information on the purchase and redemption of shares is included in the Fund’s Prospectus. Shares of the Fund are sold at the next offering price calculated after receipt of an order for purchase. In order to purchase shares of the Fund, you must invest the initial minimum investment. However, the Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to waive the minimum initial investment amount for certain investors, or to waive or reduce the minimum initial investment for 401(k) plans or other tax-deferred retirement plans. You may purchase shares on any day that the NYSE is open for business by placing orders with the Fund.
The Fund reserves the right to refuse any purchase requests, particularly those that would not be in the best interests of the Fund or its shareholders and could adversely affect the Fund or its operations. This includes those from any individual or group who, in the Fund’s view, is likely to engage in or has a history of excessive trading (usually defined as more than four round-trip transactions out of the Fund within a calendar year). Furthermore, the Fund may suspend the right to redeem its shares or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than seven calendar days (i) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE is restricted; (ii) for any period during which an emergency exists affecting the sale of the Fund’s securities or making such sale or the fair determination of the value of the Fund’s net assets not reasonably practicable; or (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund’s shareholders. In addition, if shares are purchased using a check and a redemption is requested before the check has cleared, the Fund may postpone payment of the redemption proceeds up to 15 days while the Fund waits for the check to clear.
Redemptions In-Kind
The Trust has filed an election under SEC Rule 18f-1 committing to pay in cash all redemptions by a shareholder of record up to amounts specified by the rule (the lesser of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of the Fund’s assets). The Fund has reserved the right to pay the redemption price of its shares in excess of the amounts specified by the rule, either totally or partially, by an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities (instead of cash). The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amounts as those assigned to them in calculating the NAV for the Fund shares being redeemed. If a shareholder receives an in-kind distribution, the shareholder could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash.
The Fund does not intend to hold any significant percentage of its portfolio in illiquid securities, although the Fund, like virtually all mutual funds, may from time to time hold a small percentage of securities that are illiquid. In the unlikely event the Fund were to elect to make an in-kind redemption, the Fund expects that it would follow the normal protocol of making such distribution by way of a pro rata distribution based on its entire portfolio. If the Fund held illiquid securities, such distribution may contain a pro rata portion of such illiquid securities or the Fund may determine, based on a materiality assessment, not to include illiquid securities in the in-kind redemption. The Fund does not anticipate that it would ever selectively distribute a greater than pro rata portion of any illiquid securities to satisfy a redemption request. If such securities are included in the distribution, shareholders may not be able to liquidate such securities and may be required to hold such securities indefinitely. Shareholders’ ability to liquidate such securities distributed in-kind may be restricted by resale limitations or substantial restrictions on transfer imposed by the issuers of the securities or by law. Shareholders may only be able to liquidate such securities distributed in-kind at a substantial discount from their value, and there may be higher brokerage costs associated with any subsequent disposition of these securities by the recipient.
B-48
FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal (and, where noted, state and local) income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders. The discussion is very general. Current and prospective shareholders are therefore urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in the Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Federal Income Taxation of the Fund
The Fund is treated as a separate entity from other series of the Trust for federal income tax purposes. The Fund has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify each year for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Code. Qualification as a regulated investment company generally requires, among other things, (1) that at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income be derived from (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in stocks and securities, or (b) interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (generally including MLPs), and (2) that at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year (a) at least 50% of the Fund’s assets consists of cash, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to no more than 5% of the Fund’s assets and no more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the Fund’s assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), in the securities of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (generally including MLPs).
As a regulated investment company, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on its net investment income and net capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders provided that the Fund distributes at least 90% of its net investment income and net tax-exempt income earned in a given taxable year. If the Fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company, it would be subject to federal income taxes, and possibly state and local taxes, on such income and gains, and the Fund’s distributions to shareholders would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may cure a failure to qualify as a regulated investment company, but in order to do so, the Fund may incur significant fund-level taxes and may be forced to dispose of certain assets.
B-49
The Fund’s policy is to distribute to its shareholders all investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and any net realized long-term capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to any federal income or excise taxes. In order to avoid liability for federal excise tax, the Fund must distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for such year, (ii) 98.2% of the excess of its realized capital gains over its realized capital losses for the 12-month period ending on October 31 during such year and (iii) any amounts from the prior calendar year that were not distributed and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax.
The Fund’s transactions in zero coupon, stepped coupon and pay-in-kind securities, foreign currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on foreign currencies), if any, will be subject to special provisions of the Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund, and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. The Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon, stepped coupon or pay-in-kind securities, foreign currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company.
The Fund’s investments in so-called “section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most foreign currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most stock indices, are subject to special tax rules. All section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” or part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will generally be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
B-50
In general, gain or loss on a short sale is recognized when the Fund closes the sale by delivering the borrowed property to the lender, not when the borrowed property is sold. Gain or loss from a short sale is generally considered as capital gain or loss to the extent that the property used to close the short sale constitutes a capital asset in the Fund’s hands. Except with respect to certain situations where the property used by the Fund to close a short sale has a long-term holding period on the date of the short sale, special rules would generally treat the gains on short sales as short-term capital gains. These rules may also terminate the running of the holding period of “substantially identical property” held by the Fund. Moreover, a loss on a short sale will be treated as a long-term capital loss if, on the date of the short sale, “substantially identical property” has been held by the Fund for more than one year. In general, the Fund will not be permitted to deduct payments made to reimburse the lender of securities for dividends paid on borrowed stock if the short sale is closed on or before the 45th day after the short sale is entered into.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, the Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. The Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year).
The Fund may be required to treat amounts as taxable income or gain, subject to the distribution requirements referred to above, even though no corresponding amounts of cash are received concurrently, as a result of (1) the Fund’s investments in MLPs or (2) mark-to-market rules, constructive sale rules or rules applicable to PFICs (as defined below) or partnerships or trusts in which the Fund invests or to certain options, futures or forward contracts, or “appreciated financial positions” or (3) the inability to obtain cash distributions or other amounts due to currency controls or restrictions on repatriation imposed by a foreign country with respect to the Fund’s investments (including through depositary receipts) in issuers in such country or (4) tax rules applicable to debt obligations acquired with “original issue discount,” including zero-coupon, step coupon or deferred payment bonds and pay-in-kind debt obligations, or to market discount if an election is made with respect to such market discount. In order to distribute this income and avoid a tax, the Fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss. The Fund might also meet the distribution requirements by borrowing the necessary cash, thereby incurring interest expenses.
Foreign exchange gains or losses realized by the Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt securities, certain options and futures contracts relating to foreign currency, foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains or losses to be treated as ordinary gain or loss and may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
B-51
The Fund may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries, including taxes on interest, dividends and capital gains with respect to its investments in those countries, which would, if imposed, reduce the yield on or return from those investments. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. With respect to the Fund, so long as it (i) qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company; (ii) is liable for foreign income taxes; and (iii) more than 50% of its net assets at the close of its taxable year consist of stock or securities of foreign corporations, it may elect to “pass through” to its shareholders the amount of such foreign taxes paid. If this election is made, information with respect to the amount of the foreign income taxes that are allocated to the Fund’s shareholders will be provided to them and any shareholder subject to tax on dividends will be required (i) to include in ordinary gross income (in addition to the amount of the taxable dividends actually received) his/her proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid that are attributable to such dividends; and (ii) either deduct his/her proportionate share of foreign taxes in computing his/her taxable income or to claim that amount as a foreign tax credit (subject to applicable limitations) against U.S. income taxes. The Fund does not expect to satisfy the requirements for passing through to its shareholders their respective pro rata shares of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund, with the result that shareholders will not be required to include such taxes in their gross incomes and will not be entitled to a tax deduction or credit for such taxes on their own federal income tax returns.
The Fund may purchase the securities of certain foreign investment funds or trusts called passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”). Currently, PFICs are the only or primary means by which the Fund may invest in some countries. If the Fund invests in PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend to shareholders. In addition to bearing their proportionate share of the Fund’s expenses, shareholders will also indirectly bear similar expenses of PFICs in which the Fund has invested. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on either the Fund or shareholders with respect to deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. Capital gains on the sale of such holdings will be deemed to be ordinary income regardless of how long such PFICs are held. If the Fund invests in PFICs and elects to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and calendar year distribution requirements described above.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders
Dividends and other distributions by the Fund are generally treated under the Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, if any dividend or distribution is declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month but is actually paid during the following January, such dividend or distribution will be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
B-52
Shareholders will be subject to federal income taxes on distributions made by the Fund whether received in cash or additional shares. Distributions of net investment income (including interest, dividend income and net short-term capital gain in excess of any net long-term capital loss, less certain expenses), other than qualified dividend income, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of qualified dividend income, as such term is defined in Section 1(h)(11) of the Code (generally dividends received from U.S. domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations), generally will be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at the federal income tax rates applicable to net capital gain, provided the Fund reports the amount distributed as qualified dividend income and certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. Distributions of net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that are reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends, if any, will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains without regard to how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund.
Dividends and distributions from the Fund and net gain from redemption of Fund shares will generally be taken into account in determining a shareholder’s “net investment income” for purposes of the Medicare contribution tax applicable to certain individuals, estates and trusts.
Dividends paid by the Fund may qualify in part for the 70% dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided the Fund reports the amount distributed as a qualifying dividend and certain holding period and other requirements under the Code are satisfied. The reported amount, however, cannot exceed the aggregate amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund for its taxable year. In view of the Fund’s investment policies, it is expected that dividends from domestic entities treated as corporations will be part of the Fund’s gross income and that, accordingly, a portion of the distributions by the Fund may be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income or for the dividends received deduction. However, the portion of the Fund’s gross income attributable to qualified dividend income and qualifying dividends is largely dependent on the Fund’s investment activities for a particular year and, therefore, cannot be predicted with any certainty. Qualified dividend income treatment and the dividends received deduction may be reduced or eliminated if, among other things, (i) the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property or (ii) certain holding period requirements are not satisfied at both the Fund and shareholder levels. In addition, qualified dividend income treatment is not available if a shareholder elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest.
Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in his or her shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds his or her shares of the Fund as capital assets). A distribution treated as a return of capital will reduce the shareholder’s basis in his or her shares. Each shareholder who receives dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares will be treated as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholder would have received if he or she instead elected to receive cash dividends, and will have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount.
B-53
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them.
Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to the Fund from investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the Fund’s taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the Fund’s income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deductions were taken by the Fund, and even though those shareholders will not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. In order to distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, the Fund may need to liquidate investments, which may lead to additional recapture income.
A redemption of Fund shares may result in recognition of a taxable gain or loss. The gain or loss will generally be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares were held for more than one year. If the shares were held for one year or less, the gain or loss will generally be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon redemption or exchange of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gains during such six-month period. Any loss realized upon a redemption may be disallowed under certain wash sale rules to the extent shares of the same Fund or other substantially identical stock or security are purchased (through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the redemption.
If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities may in many cases be exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations considering their individual circumstances.
Under the Code, the Fund will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) all distributions of income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption of Fund shares, except in the case of exempt shareholders. Pursuant to the backup withholding provisions of the Code, distributions of any taxable income and capital gains and proceeds from the redemption of Fund shares may be subject to withholding of federal income tax in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the Fund with their taxpayer identification numbers or with required certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law or if the IRS has notified the Fund that such withholding is required. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld. The Fund reserves the right to refuse to open an account for any person failing to provide a certified taxpayer identification number.
B-54
Ordinary dividends and certain other payments made by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate (or at a lower rate as may be determined in accordance with any applicable treaty). In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to backup withholding at the appropriate rate.
The 30% withholding tax generally will not apply to distributions of the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses or to redemption proceeds.
Ordinary dividends, redemption payments and certain capital gain dividends paid after June 30, 2014 to a non-U.S. shareholder that fails to make certain required certifications, or that is a “foreign financial institution” as defined in Section 1471 of the Code and that does not meet the requirements imposed on foreign financial institutions by Section 1471, will generally be subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate. Withholding on such payments will begin at different times depending on the type of payment, the type of payee, and whether the shareholder’s account is opened before or after July 1, 2014. Withholding with respect to ordinary dividends is currently scheduled to begin on July 1, 2014 for accounts opened on or after that date and on certain later dates for accounts opened before July 1, 2014. Withholding on redemption payments and certain capital gain dividends is currently scheduled to begin on January 1, 2017. The extent, if any, to which such withholding tax may be reduced or eliminated by an applicable tax treaty is unclear. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.
This discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus have been prepared by management of the Fund, and counsel to the Trust has expressed no opinion in respect thereof.
Prospective shareholders of the Fund should consult their own tax advisors concerning the effect of owning shares of the Fund in light of their particular tax situation.
B-55
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will distribute substantially all of its net investment income as dividends to shareholders on a quarterly basis. The Fund will distribute substantially all of its net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually, typically in December.
The Fund intends to make distributions generally similar in nature to those of the MLP and energy infrastructure investments of the Fund, calculated so that the Fund’s quarterly distributions grow at a rate determined by the Advisor (currently an annualized rate of 3%), and so that the distributions of all classes of the Fund result in similar yields after adjustment for class-specific expenses.
The amount of the dividends and capital gain distributions paid by the Fund will depend on the performance of the Fund’s investments and the timing of income received from and gains realized on those investments. The amount of such dividends and distributions is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The Fund does not pay “interest” or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an investment in its shares.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated. Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the transfer agent in writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the transfer agent has received the written request.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Investment Managers Series Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 15, 2005. The Trust has a number of outstanding series of shares of beneficial interest, par value of $0.01 per share, each of which represents interests in a separate portfolio of securities.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to create additional series of shares, to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of each series, including the Fund and to divide or combine the shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the series. The assets belonging to a series is charged with the liabilities in respect of that series and all expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to that series only. Therefore, any creditor of any series may look only to the assets belonging to that series to satisfy the creditor’s debt. Any general liabilities, expenses, costs, charges or reserves of the Trust which are not readily identifiable as pertaining to any particular series are allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among the existing series in the sole discretion of the Trustees. Each share of the Fund represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Fund’s liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders.
B-56
The Trust may offer more than one class of shares of any series. Each share of a series or class represents an equal proportionate interest in that series or class with each other share of that series or class.
The shares of each series or class participate equally in the earnings, dividends and assets of the particular series or class. Expenses of the Trust which are not attributable to a specific series or class, are allocated among all the series in a manner believed by management of the Trust to be fair and equitable. Shares issued do not have pre-emptive or conversion rights. Shares when issued are fully paid and non-assessable, except as set forth below. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share held. Shares of each series or class generally vote together, except when required under federal securities laws to vote separately on matters that only affect a particular series or class, such as the approval of distribution plans for a particular class.
The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders but will hold special meetings of shareholders of a series or class when, in the judgment of the Board, it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder vote. Shareholders have, under certain circumstances, the right to communicate with other shareholders in connection with requesting a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of removing one or more trustees. Shareholders also have, in certain circumstances, the right to remove one or more trustees without a meeting. No material amendment may be made to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each portfolio affected by the amendment.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust provides that, at any meeting of shareholders of the Trust or of any series or class, a shareholder servicing agent may vote any shares as to which such shareholder servicing agent is the agent of record for shareholders who are not represented in person or by proxy at the meeting, proportionately in accordance with the votes cast by holders of all shares of that portfolio otherwise represented at the meeting in person or by proxy as to which such shareholder servicing agent is the agent of record. Any shares so voted by a shareholder servicing agent will be deemed represented at the meeting for purposes of quorum requirements. Any series or class may be terminated (i) upon the merger or consolidation with, or the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of its assets to, another entity, if approved by the vote of the holders of two-thirds of its outstanding shares, except that if the Board recommends such merger, consolidation or sale or disposition of assets, the approval by vote of the holders of a majority of the series’ or class’ outstanding shares will be sufficient, or (ii) by the vote of the holders of a majority of its outstanding shares, or (iii) by the Board by written notice to the series’ or class’ shareholders. Unless each series and class is so terminated, the Trust will continue indefinitely.
The Declaration of Trust provides that no Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be subject to any personal liability in connection with the assets or affairs of the Trust or any of its series except for losses in connection with his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, trustees, officers, employees and agents covering possible tort and other liabilities. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance existed and the Trust itself was unable to meet its obligations.
B-57
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by such certificates.
Rule 18 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a “majority” (as defined in the rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Trust and the Advisor have adopted Codes of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit, subject to certain conditions, personnel of each of these entities to invest in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Incorporated by reference herein is the Fund’s Annual Report to shareholders for the fiscal year ending November 30, 2013 which includes the “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”, “Schedule of Investments”, Statement of Assets and Liabilities”, “Statement of Operations”, “Statements of Changes in Net Assets”, “Financial Highlights” and “Notes to Financial Statements”. A copy of the Fund’s Annual Report can be obtained at no charge by calling 1-314-446-6747 or writing the Fund.
B-58
APPENDIX “A”
DESCRIPTION OF SHORT-TERM RATINGS
Standard & Poor’s Corporation
A brief description of the applicable Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by S&P) follows:
Long-Term Debt
An S&P corporate or municipal debt rating is a current assessment of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation. This assessment may take into consideration obligors such as guarantors, insurers or lessees. The debt rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable. S&P does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances. The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:
1. | Likelihood of default-capacity and willingness of the obligor as to the timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
2. | Nature of and provisions of the obligation; and |
3. | Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights. |
Investment Grade
AAA | Debt rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong. |
AA | Debt rated “AA” has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the highest rated issues only in small degree. |
A | Debt rated “A” has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories. |
BBB | Debt rated “BBB” is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories. |
B-59
Speculative Grade Rating
Debt rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, “CC” and “C” is regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics these are outweighed by major uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB | Debt rated “BB” has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The “BB” rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied “BBB” rating. |
B | Debt rated “B” has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The “B” rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied “BB” or “BB” rating. |
CCC | Debt rated “CCC” has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The “CCC” rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied “B” or “B” rating. |
CC | The rating “CC” typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied “CCC” debt rating. |
C | The rating “C” typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which is assigned an actual or implied “CCC” debt rating. The “C” rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued. |
CI | The rating “CI” is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid. |
D | Debt rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized. |
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
B-60
Provisional Ratings: The letter “p” indicates that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default upon failure of, such completion. The investor should exercise judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.
r | The letter “r” is attached to highlight derivative, hybrid, and certain other obligations that S&P believes may experience high volatility or high variability in expected returns due to non-credit risks. Examples of such obligations are: securities whose principal or interest return is indexed to equities, commodities, or currencies; certain swaps and options; and interest only and principal only mortgage securities. The absence of an “r” symbol should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will exhibit no volatility or variability in total return. |
L | The letter “L” indicates that the rating pertains to the principal amount of those bonds to the extent that the underlying deposit collateral is Federally insured by the Federal Savings & Loan Insurance Corporation or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation* In the case of certificates of deposit the letter “L” indicates that the deposit, combined with other deposits being held in the same right and capacity will be honored for principal and accrued pre-default interest up to the Federal insurance limits within 30 days after closing of the insured institution or, in the event that the deposit is assumed by a successor insured institution, upon maturity. |
NR | Indicates no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular type of obligation as a matter of policy. |
Commercial Paper
An S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from “A-1” for the highest quality obligations to “D” for the lowest. These categories are as follows:
A-1 | This highest category indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation. |
A-2 | Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated “A-1.” |
* Continuance of the rating is contingent upon S&P’s receipt of an executed copy of the escrow agreement or closing documentation confirming investments and cash flow.
A-3 | Issues carrying this designation have adequate capacity for timely payment. They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations. |
B | Issues rated “B” are regarded as having only speculative capacity for timely payment. |
B-61
C | This rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations with a doubtful capacity for payment. |
D | Debt rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when interest payments or principal Payments are not made on the date due, even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. |
A commercial rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished to S&P by the issuer or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable.
S&P does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information or based on other circumstances.
Preferred Securities
AAA | This is the highest rating that may be assigned to a preferred stock issue and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay the preferred stock obligations. |
AA | A preferred stock issue rated AA also qualifies as a high quality fixed income security. The capacity to pay preferred stock obligations is very strong, although not as overwhelming as for issues rated AAA. |
A | An issue rated A is backed by a sound capacity to pay the preferred stock obligations, although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions. |
BBB | An issue rated BBB is regarded as backed by an adequate capacity to pay preferred stock obligations. Although it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make payments for preferred stock in this category for issues in the A category. |
BB | As issue rated BB is regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay the preferred stock obligation. While such issues will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, they are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions. |
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
A brief description of the applicable Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by Moody’s) follows:
B-62
Long-Term Debt
The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for corporate and municipal long-term debt:
Aaa | Bonds are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edged.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the Fundamentally strong position of such issuer. |
Aa | Bonds are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the “Aaa” group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in “Aaa” securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in “Aaa” securities. |
A | Bonds possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future. |
Baa | Bonds considered medium-grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well. |
Ba, | B, Caa, Ca, and C Bonds that possess one of these ratings provide questionable protection of interest and principal (“Ba” indicates some speculative elements; “B” indicates a general lack of characteristics of desirable investment; “Caa” represents a poor standing; “Ca” represents obligations which are speculative in a high degree; and “C” represents the lowest rated class of bonds). “Caa,” “Ca” and “C” bonds may be in default. |
Con. (---) | Bonds for which the security depends upon the completion of some act or the fulfillment of some condition are rated conditionally. These are bonds secured by (a) earnings of projects under construction, (b) earnings of projects unseasoned in operation experience, (c) rentals which begin when facilities are completed, or (d) payments to which some other limiting condition attaches. Parenthetical rating denotes probable credit stature upon completion of construction or elimination of basis of condition. |
(P) | When applied to forward delivery bonds, indicates that the rating is provisional pending delivery of the bonds. The rating may be revised prior to delivery if changes occur in the legal documents or the underlying credit quality of the bonds. |
Note: Those bonds in the Aa, A, Baa, Ba and B groups which Moody’s believes possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbols, Aa1, A1, Ba1 and B1.
B-63
Short-Term Loans
MIG 1/VMIG 1 | This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad based access to the market for refinancing. |
MIG 2/VMIG 2 | This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group. |
MIG 3/VMIG 3 | This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established. |
MIG 4/VMIG 4 | This designation denotes adequate quality. Protection commonly regarded as required of an investment security is present and although not distinctly or predominantly speculative, there is specific risk. |
S.G. | This designation denotes speculative quality. Debt instruments in this category lack margins of protection. |
Commercial Paper
Issuers rated Prime-1 (or related supporting institutions) have a superior capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. Prime-1 repayment capacity will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:
- | Leading market positions in well-established industries. |
- | High rates of return on Funds employed. |
- | Conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection. |
- | Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation. |
- | Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity. |
Issuers rated Prime-2 (or related supporting institutions) have a strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained. Issuers rated Prime-3 (or related supporting institutions) have an acceptable capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and the requirement for relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
B-64
Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Preferred Securities Ratings
aaa | Preferred stocks which are rated “aaa” are considered to be top quality. This rating indicates good asset protection and the least risk of dividend impairment within the universe of preferred stocks. |
aa | Preferred stocks which are rated “aa” are considered to be high grade. This rating indicates that there is reasonable assurance that earnings and asset protection will remain relatively well maintained in the foreseeable future. |
a | Preferred stocks which are rated “a” are considered to be upper-medium grade. While risks are judged to be somewhat greater than in the “aaa” and “aa” classifications, earnings and asset protection are, nevertheless, expected to be maintained at adequate levels. |
baa | Preferred stocks which are rated “baa” are judged lover-medium grade, neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Earnings and asset protection appear adequate at present but may be questionable over any great length of time. |
ba | Preferred stocks which are rated “ba” are considered to have speculative elements and their future cannot be considered well assured. Earnings and asset protection may be very moderate and not well safeguarded during adverse periods. Uncertainty of position characterizes preferred stocks in this class. |
B-65
ADVISORY RESEARCH, INC. PROXY VOTING POLICY
FOR THE MLP & ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY
A. Statement of Policy
1. It is our policy to vote all proxies over which we have voting authority in the best interest of our clients.
B. Definitions
2. By “best interest of our clients,” we mean the clients’ best economic interest over the long term -- that is, the common interest that all clients share in seeing the value of a common investment increase over time. Clients may have differing political or social interests, but their best economic interest is generally uniform.
3. By “material conflict of interest,” we mean circumstances where we knowingly do business with a particular proxy issuer or closely affiliated entity, and may appear to have a significant conflict of interest between our own interests and the interests of clients in how proxies of that issuer are voted.
C. We Invest With Managements That Seek Shareholders’ Best Interests
4. Under our investment philosophy, we generally invest client funds in a company only if we believe that the company’s management seeks to serve shareholders’ best interests. Because we have confidence in the managements of the companies in which we invest, we believe that management decisions and recommendations on issues such as proxy voting generally are likely to be in shareholders’ best interests.
5. We may periodically reassess our view of company managements. If we conclude that a company’s management no longer serves shareholders’ best interests, we generally sell our clients’ shares of the company. We believe that clients do not usually benefit from holding shares of a poorly managed company or engaging in proxy contests with management. There are times when we believe management’s position on a particular proxy issue is not in the best interests of our clients but it does not warrant a sale of the client’s shares. In these circumstances, we will vote contrary to management’s recommendations.
D. Proxy Voting Procedures
6. When companies in which we have invested client funds issue proxies, we routinely vote the proxies as recommended by management, because we believe that recommendations by these companies’ managements generally are in shareholders’ best interests, and therefore in the best economic interest of our clients.
B-66
7. If we have decided to sell the shares of a company, whether because of concerns about the company’s management or for other reasons, we generally abstain from voting proxies issued by the company after we have made the decision to sell. We generally do not notify clients when this type of routine abstention occurs.
8. We also may abstain from voting proxies in other circumstances. We may determine, for example, that abstaining from voting is appropriate if voting may be unduly burdensome or expensive, or otherwise not in the best economic interest of clients, such as when foreign proxy issuers impose unreasonable voting or holding requirements. We generally will not notify clients when this type of routine abstention occurs.
9. The procedures in this policy apply to all proxy voting matters over which we have voting authority, including changes in corporate governance structures, the adoption or amendment of compensation plans (including stock options), and matters involving social issues or corporate responsibility.
E. Alternative Procedures for Potential Material Conflicts of Interest
10. In certain circumstances, such as when the proponent of a proxy proposal is also a client, an appearance might arise of a potential conflict between our interests and the interests of effected clients in how the proxies of that issuer are voted.
11.a. When we knowingly do business with a particular proxy issuer and a material conflict of interest between our interests and clients’ interests may appear to exist, we generally would, to avoid any appearance concerns, follow an alternative procedure rather than vote proxies as recommended by management. Such an alternative procedure generally would involve causing the proxies to be voted in accordance with the recommendations of an independent service provider that we may use to assist in voting proxies. We generally will not notify clients if we use this procedure to resolve an apparent material conflict of interest. We will document the identification of any material conflict of interest and its procedure for resolving the particular conflict.
11.b. In unusual cases, we may use other alternative procedures to address circumstances when a material conflict of interest may appear to exist, such as, without limitation:
(i) | Notifying effected clients of the conflict of interest (if practical), and seeking a waiver of the conflict to permit us to vote the proxies under our usual policy; |
(ii) | Abstaining from voting the proxies; or |
(iii) | Forwarding the proxies to clients so that clients may vote the proxies themselves. |
We generally will notify effected clients if we use one of these alternative procedures to resolve a material conflict of interest.
B-67
F. Other Exceptions
12. On an exceptions basis, we may for other reasons choose to depart from our usual procedure of routinely voting proxies as recommended by management.
G. Voting by Client
13. A client may vote its own proxies instead of directing us to do so. We recommend this approach if a client believes that proxies should be voted based on political or social interests.
14. We generally will not accept proxy voting authority from a client (and will encourage the client to vote its own proxies) if the client seeks to impose client-specific voting guidelines that may be inconsistent with our proxy voting policy or with the client’s best economic interest in our view.
15. We generally will abstain from voting on (or otherwise participating in) the commencement of legal proceedings such as shareholder class actions or bankruptcy proceedings.
H. Persons Responsible for Implementing Proxy Voting Policy
16. Our proxy voting staff has primary responsibility for implementing our proxy voting procedures, including ensuring that proxies are timely submitted. We also may use a service provider to assist in voting proxies, recordkeeping, and other matters.
17. Our proxy voting staff will routinely consult with the Senior Portfolio Manager or Chief Investment Officer-MLPs regarding a vote against management.
I. Recordkeeping
18. We or a service provider maintain, in accordance with Rule 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act:
(i) | Copies of all proxy voting policies and procedures; |
(ii) | Copies of proxy statements received (unless maintained elsewhere as described below); |
(iii) | Records of proxy votes cast on behalf of clients; |
(iv) | Documents prepared by us that are material to a decision on how to vote or memorializing the basis for a decision; |
(v) | Written client requests for proxy voting information, and (vi) written responses by us to written or oral client requests. |
B-68
19. We will obtain an undertaking from any service provider that the service provider will provide copies of proxy voting records and other documents promptly upon request if we rely on the service provider to maintain related records.
20. We may rely on the SEC’s EDGAR system to keep records of certain proxy statements if the proxy statements are maintained by issuers on that system (as is generally true in the case of larger U.S.-based issuers).
21. All proxy related records will be maintained in an easily accessible place for five years (and an appropriate office for the first two years).
J. Availability of Policy and Proxy Voting Records to Clients
22. We will initially inform clients of this policy and how a client may learn of our voting record for the client’s securities through summary disclosure in Part 2 of our Form ADV. Upon receipt of a client’s request for more information, we will provide to the client a copy of this proxy voting policy and/or how we voted proxies for the client during the period since this policy was adopted.
Adopted effective August 1, 2003 and as amended November 30, 2013.
B-69
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”) is registered as an open-end investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). The Trust offers multiple series (each a “Fund” and, collectively, the “Funds”). Consistent with its fiduciary duties and pursuant to Rule 30b1-4 under the 1940 Act (the “Proxy Rule”), the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has adopted this proxy voting policy on behalf of the Trust (the “Policy”) to reflect its commitment to ensure that proxies are voted in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Funds’ shareholders.
Delegation of Proxy Voting Authority to Fund Advisors
The Board believes that the investment advisor of each Fund (each an “Advisor” and, collectively, the “Advisors”), as the entity that selects the individual securities that comprise its Fund’s portfolio, is the most knowledgeable and best-suited to make decisions on how to vote proxies of portfolio companies held by that Fund. The Trust shall therefore defer to, and rely on, the Advisor of each Fund to make decisions on how to cast proxy votes on behalf of such Fund.
The Trust hereby designates the Advisor of each Fund as the entity responsible for exercising proxy voting authority with regard to securities held in the Fund’s investment portfolio. Consistent with its duties under this Policy, each Advisor shall monitor and review corporate transactions of corporations in which the Fund has invested, obtain all information sufficient to allow an informed vote on all proxy solicitations, ensure that all proxy votes are cast in a timely fashion, and maintain all records required to be maintained by the Fund under the Proxy Rule and the 1940 Act. Each Advisor shall perform these duties in accordance with the Advisor’s proxy voting policy, a copy of which shall be presented to this Board for its review. Each Advisor shall promptly provide to the Board updates to its proxy voting policy as they are adopted and implemented.
Availability of Proxy Voting Policy and Records Available to Fund Shareholders
If a Fund or an Advisor has a web site, a copy of the Advisor’s proxy voting policy and this Policy may be posted on such website. A copy of such policies and of each Fund’s proxy voting record shall also be made available, without charge, upon request of any shareholder of the Fund, by calling the applicable Fund’s toll-free telephone number as printed in the Fund’s Prospectus. The Trust’s administrator shall reply to any Fund shareholder request within three business days of receipt of the request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.
Each Advisor shall provide a complete voting record, as required by the Proxy Rule, for each series of the Trust for which it acts as advisor, to the Trust’s co-administrator within 15 days following the end of each calendar quarter. The Trust’s co-administrator, MFAC will file a report based on such record on Form N-PX on an annual basis with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than August 31st of each year.
B-70
PART C
Item 15. | Indemnification |
Pursuant to Del. Code Ann. Title 12 Section 3817, a Delaware statutory trust may provide in its governing instrument for the indemnification of its officers and Trustees from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever.
Reference is made to Article 8, Section 8.4 of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Registrant” or the “Trust”), which provides:
Subject to the limitations, if applicable, hereinafter set forth in this Section 8.4, the Trust shall indemnify (from the assets of the Series or Series to which the conduct in question relates) each of its Trustees, officers, employees and agents (including Persons who serve at the Trust’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter, together with such Person’s heirs, executors, administrators or personal representative, referred to as a “Covered Person”)) against all liabilities, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and expenses, including reasonable accountants’ and counsel fees, incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered Person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having been such a Trustee or officer, director or trustee, except with respect to any matter as to which it has been determined that such Covered Person (i) did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person’s action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust; (ii) had acted with willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office (iii) for a criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful (the conduct described in (i), (ii) and (iii) being referred to hereafter as “Disabling Conduct”). A determination that the Covered Person is entitled to indemnification may be made by (i) a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that the Covered Person to be indemnified was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct, (ii) dismissal of a court action or an administrative proceeding against a Covered Person for insufficiency of evidence of Disabling Conduct, or (iii) a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that the indemnity was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct by (a) a vote of a majority of a quorum of Trustees who are neither “interested persons” of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act nor parties to the proceeding (the “Disinterested Trustees”), or (b) an independent legal counsel in a written opinion. Expenses, including accountants' and counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), may be paid from time to time by one or more Series to which the conduct in question related in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding; provided that the Covered Person shall have undertaken to repay the amounts so paid to such Series if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article 8 and (i) the Covered Person shall have provided security for such undertaking, (ii) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of the disinterested Trustees, or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission the (“SEC”) such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement between the Trust and IMST Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), the Trust has agreed to indemnify, defend and hold the Distributor, and each of its present or former directors, members, officers, employees, representatives and any person who controls or previously controlled the Distributor within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act (“Distributor Indemnitees”), free and harmless (a) from and against any and all losses, claims, demands, liabilities, damages, charges, payments, costs and expenses (including the costs of investigating or defending any alleged losses, claims, demands, liabilities, damages, charges, payments, costs or expenses and any counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) of any and every nature (“Losses”) which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act, any other statute (including Blue Sky laws) or any rule or regulation thereunder, or under common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact contained in the registration statement or any prospectus, an annual or interim report to shareholders or sales literature, or any amendments or supplements thereto, or arising out of or based upon any omission, or alleged omission, to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that the Trust’s obligation to indemnify Distributor and any of the Distributor Indemnitees shall not be deemed to cover any Losses arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Distributor and furnished to the Trust or its counsel by Distributor in writing for the purpose of, and used in, the preparation thereof; (b) from and against any and all Losses which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur in connection with this Agreement or the Distributor’s performance hereunder, except to the extent the Losses result from the Distributor’s willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, (c) from and against any and all Losses which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur resulting from the actions or inactions of any prior service provider to the Trust or any Funds in existence prior to, and added to Schedule A after, the date of this Agreement, or (d) from and against any and all Losses which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur when acting in accordance with instructions from the Trust or its representatives; and provided further that to the extent this agreement of indemnity may require indemnity of any Distributor Indemnitee who is also a trustee or officer of the Trust, no such indemnity shall inure to the benefit of such trustee or officer if to do so would be against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act or the 1940 Act.
Item 16. | Exhibits |
1) | Charter Documents: |
a. | Certificate of Trust (1) |
(i) | Amendment to the Certificate of Trust. (1) |
(ii) | Amendment to the Certificate of Trust. (2) |
(iii) | Amendment to the Certificate of Trust. (7) |
b. | Agreement and Declaration of Trust. (1) |
(i) | Amendment to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust. (2) |
(ii) | Amendment to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust. (4) |
(iii) | Amendment to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust. (6) |
(iv) | Amendment to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust. (11) |
2) | By-Laws: |
a. | Amended By-Laws of Registrant. (9) |
3) | Not applicable. |
4) | Plan of Exchange: |
a. | Form of Plan of Exchange. (12) |
5) | Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders is incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws. |
6) | Investment Management Agreements: |
a. | Form of Investment Advisory Agreement. (7) |
7) | Distribution Agreements: |
a. | Distribution Agreement. (8) |
(i) | Form of Amendment to the Distribution Agreement - filed herewith. |
8) | Not applicable. |
9) | Custody Agreements: |
a. | Custody Agreement. (3) |
10) | Not applicable |
11) | Opinion of Counsel: |
a. | Opinion and consent of counsel as to the legality of the securities being registered - filed herewith. |
12) | Not applicable |
13) | Other Material Contracts: |
a. | Amended and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement (5) |
b. | Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Agreement (10) |
c. | Second Amended and Restated Co-Administration Agreement (10) |
14) | Other Opinions: |
a. | Consent of Independent Registered Certified Public Accounting Firm, Tait Weller & Baker LLP - filed herewith. |
15) | Not applicable. |
16) | Powers of Attorney: |
a. | Powers of Attorney - filed herewith. |
17) | Additional Exhibits: |
a. | Form of Proxy Card - filed herewith. |
All Exhibits filed previously are herein incorporated by reference as follows:
(1) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2006. |
(2) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on December 5, 2007. |
(3) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on February 1, 2008. |
(4) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on March 14, 2008. |
(5) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on April 1, 2009. |
(6) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on December 30, 2009. |
(7) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Amendment No. 110 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940 on Form N-1A (File No. 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on September 7, 2010. |
(8) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 297 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on December 26, 2012. |
(9) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 436 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on December 20, 2013. |
(10) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 490 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on March 28, 2014. |
(11) | Previously filed as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 494 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-122901 and 811-21719), as filed with the SEC on March 28, 2014. |
(12) | Filed as Appendix A to Part A of this Registration Statement on Form N-14. |
Item 17. | Undertakings |
1. | The undersigned registrant agrees that prior to any public reoffering of the securities registered through the use of a prospectus which is a part of the registration statement by any person or party who is deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Rule 145(c) of the Securities Act, the reoffering prospectus will contain the information called for by the applicable registration form for reofferings by persons who may be deemed underwriters, in addition to the information called for by the other items of the applicable form. |
2. | The undersigned registrant agrees that every prospectus that is filed under paragraph (1) above will be filed as a part of an amendment to the registration statement and will not be used until the amendment is effective, and that, in determining any liability under the 1933 Act, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement for the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering of them. |
SIGNATURES
As required by the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed on behalf of the Registrant, duly authorized, in the City of Milwaukee, and State of Wisconsin, on the 28th day of May, 2014.
INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST | ||
By: | /s/ John P. Zader | |
John P. Zader | ||
President |
As required by the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | ||
/s/ Ashley Toomey Rabun† | |||
Ashley Toomey Rabun | Trustee | ||
/s/ William H. Young† | |||
William H. Young | Trustee | ||
/s/ Charles H. Miller† | |||
Charles H. Miller | Trustee | ||
/s/ John P. Zader | |||
John P. Zader | Trustee and President | ||
/s/ Eric M. Banhazl† | |||
Eric M. Banhazl /s/ Rita Dam | Trustee and Vice President | ||
Rita Dam | Treasurer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer | ||
† By | /s/ Rita Dam |
Attorney-in-fact, pursuant to power of attorney filed herewith.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | Exhibit Name |
7.A.i | Form of Amendment to the Distribution Agreement. |
11.A | Opinion and consent of counsel as to the legality of the securities being registered. |
14.A | Consent of Independent Registered Certified Public Accounting Firm, Tait Weller & Baker LLP. |
16.A | Powers of Attorney. |
17.A | Form of Proxy Card. |