FreightCar America (RAIL) 10-Q 2024 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

 QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

or

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 000-51237

FREIGHTCAR AMERICA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	25-1837219
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
125 South Wacker Drive, Suite 1500 Chicago, Illinois	60606
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(800) 458-2235

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	RAIL	The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer		Accelerated filer	
Non-accelerated filer		Smaller reporting company	
		Emerging growth company	

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  No 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by a check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

As of November 5, 2024, there were 18,893,972 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

FREIGHTCAR AMERICA, INC.

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

Item Number		Page Number
	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1.	Financial Statements:
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Deficit (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	9
2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
4.	Controls and Procedures	24
	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
1.	Legal Proceedings	25
2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	25
3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	25
4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	25
5.	Other Information	25
6.	Exhibits	25
	Signatures	26

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except for share data)

(Unaudited)

	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents	$	44,830		$	40,560
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $74 and $18 respectively		24,319			6,408
VAT receivable		2,489			2,926
Inventories, net		84,812			125,022
Assets held for sale		629			—
Related party asset		936			638
Prepaid expenses		10,100			4,867
Total current assets		168,115			180,421
Property, plant and equipment, net		30,461			31,258
Railcars available for lease, net		—			2,842
Right of use asset operating lease		2,514			2,826
Right of use asset finance lease		43,823			40,277
Other long-term assets		1,036			1,835
Total assets	$	245,949		$	259,459
Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current liabilities
Accounts and contractual payables	$	74,355		$	84,417
Related party accounts payable		2,493			2,478
Accrued payroll and other employee costs		7,447			5,738
Accrued warranty		1,493			1,602
Customer deposits		8,865			—
Current portion of long-term debt		—			29,415
Other current liabilities		10,196			13,711
Total current liabilities		104,849			137,361
Warrant liability		162,382			36,801
Accrued pension costs		1,226			1,046
Lease liability operating lease, long-term		2,778			3,164
Lease liability finance lease, long-term		45,482			41,273
Other long-term liabilities		1,660			2,562
Total liabilities		318,377			222,207
Commitments and contingencies
Mezzanine equity
Series C Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 85,412 shares authorized, 85,412 shares issued and outstanding at each of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Liquidation value $108,388 and $95,048 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.		83,889			83,458
Stockholders’ deficit
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,500,000 shares authorized (100,000 shares each    designated as Series A voting and Series B non-voting, 0 shares issued and outstanding    at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023)		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 18,884,838 and 17,903,437    shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		220			210
Additional paid-in capital		97,098			94,067
Accumulated other comprehensive income		84			2,365
Accumulated deficit		(253,719	)		(142,848	)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(156,317	)		(46,206	)
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and stockholders’ deficit	$	245,949		$	259,459

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

3

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues	$	113,255		$	61,894		$	421,729		$	231,489
Cost of sales		97,059			52,669			375,700			201,824
Gross profit		16,196			9,225			46,029			29,665
Selling, general and administrative expenses		7,538			7,511			23,541			19,750
Gain on sale of railcars available for lease		—			—			—			(622	)
Loss on pension settlement		—			313						313
Litigation settlement		—			—			(3,214	)		—
Operating income		8,658			1,401			25,702			10,224
Interest expense		(1,577	)		(2,037	)		(5,815	)		(12,988	)
(Loss) gain on change in fair market value of Warrant liability		(110,040	)		4,273			(125,581	)		(1,869	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			—			—			(14,880	)
Other expense		(680	)		(228	)		(1,419	)		(333	)
(Loss) income before income taxes		(103,639	)		3,409			(107,113	)		(19,846	)
Income tax provision		3,407			216			3,327			887
Net (loss) income	$	(107,046	)	$	3,193		$	(110,440	)	$	(20,733	)
Net loss per common share – basic	$	(3.57	)	$	(0.03	)	$	(4.07	)	$	(0.94	)
Net loss per common share – diluted	$	(3.57	)	$	(0.03	)	$	(4.07	)	$	(0.94	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic		31,353,997			29,543,963			30,519,545			28,064,410
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted		31,353,997			29,543,963			30,519,545			28,064,410

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

4

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2024			2023		2024			2023
Net (loss) income	$	(107,046	)	$	3,193	$	(110,440	)	$	(20,733	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Loss on pension settlement		—			313		—			313
Unrealized (loss) gain on foreign currency derivatives		(1,123	)		34		(2,390	)		34
Pension and postretirement liability adjustments		39			573		109			650
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(108,130	)	$	4,113	$	(112,721	)	$	(19,736	)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

5

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Deficit

(In thousands, except for share data)

(Unaudited)

	FreightCar America Stockholders
												Accumulated
	Mezzanine Equity								Additional			Other						Total
	Series C Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Paid-In			Comprehensive			Retained			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Income			Deficit			Deficit
Balance, June 30, 2023		85,412		83,253		17,899,191	$	210	$	92,633		$	1,099		$	(142,896	)	$	(48,954	)
Net income		-		-		-		-		-			-			3,193			3,193
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-		-		-			920			-			920
Issuance of Series C preferred shares, net of issuance costs		-		61		-		-		-			-			(146	)		(146	)
Exercise of stock appreciation rights		-		-		4,246		-		3			-			-			3
Stock-based compensation recognized		-		-		-		-		715			-			-			715
Balance, September 30, 2023		85,412	$	83,314		17,903,437	$	210	$	93,351		$	2,019		$	(139,849	)	$	(44,269	)
Balance, June 30, 2024		85,412	$	83,745		18,873,850	$	220	$	96,312		$	1,168		$	(146,529	)	$	(48,829	)
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-			-			(107,046	)		(107,046	)
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-		-			(1,084	)		-			(1,084	)
Accretion of Series C preferred shares issuance costs		-		144		-		-		-			-			(144	)		(144	)
Exercise of stock options and appreciation rights		-		-		10,988		-		(18	)		-			-			(18	)
Stock-based compensation recognized		-		-		-		-		804			-			-			804
Balance, September 30, 2024		85,412	$	83,889		18,884,838	$	220	$	97,098		$	84		$	(253,719	)	$	(156,317	)

6

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Deficit

(In thousands, except for share data)

(Unaudited)

	FreightCar America Stockholders
														Accumulated
	Mezzanine Equity										Additional			Other						Total
	Series C Preferred Stock				Common Stock						Paid-In			Comprehensive			Retained			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Capital			Income			Deficit			Deficit
Balance, December 31, 2022		-	$	-		17,223,306		$	203		$	89,104		$	1,022		$	(118,913	)	$	(28,584	)
Net loss		-		-		-			-			-			-			(20,733	)		(20,733	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			-			-			997			-			997
Issuance of Series C preferred shares, net of issuance costs		85,412		83,314		-			-			-			-			(203	)		(203	)
Restricted stock awards		-		-		453,258			4			(4	)		-			-			-
Employee stock settlement		-		-		(31,888	)		-			(106	)		-			-			(106	)
Exercise of stock appreciation rights		-		-		4,984			-			3			-			-			3
Stock appreciation rights classification modification		-		-		-			-			1,738			-			-			1,738
Vesting of restricted stock units		-		-		42,815			-			145			-			-			145
Stock-based compensation recognized		-		-		-			-			1,789			-			-			1,789
Equity Fees		-		-		210,962			3			682			-			-			685
Balance, September 30, 2023		85,412	$	83,314		17,903,437		$	210		$	93,351		$	2,019		$	(139,849	)	$	(44,269	)
Balance, December 31, 2023		85,412	$	83,458		17,903,437		$	210		$	94,067		$	2,365		$	(142,848	)	$	(46,206	)
Net loss		-		-		-			-			-			-			(110,440	)		(110,440	)
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-			-			-			(2,281	)		-			(2,281	)
Accretion of Series C preferred shares issuance costs		-		431		-			-			-			-			(431	)		(431	)
Restricted stock awards		-		-		774,796			8			(8	)		-			-			-
Employee stock settlement		-		-		(14,615	)		-			(40	)		-			-			(40	)
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards		-		-		(106,790	)		(1	)		1			-			-			-
Exercise of stock options and appreciation rights		-		-		328,010			3			748			-			-			751
Stock-based compensation recognized		-		-		-			-			2,330			-			-			2,330
Balance, September 30, 2024		85,412	$	83,889		18,884,838		$	220		$	97,098		$	84		$	(253,719	)	$	(156,317	)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

7

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(110,440	)	$	(20,733	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		4,252			3,189
Non-cash lease expense on right-of-use assets		2,226			1,873
Loss on change in fair market value for Warrant liability		125,581			1,869
Loss on pension settlement		—			313
Stock-based compensation recognized		2,330			524
Non-cash interest expense		3,638			8,980
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			14,880
Other non-cash items, net		(1,589	)		(435	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(17,911	)		(1,126	)
VAT receivable		465			2,320
Inventories		40,859			(57,213	)
Accounts and contractual payables		(8,300	)		2,739
Income taxes payable, net		(2,179	)		(1,490	)
Lease liability		(2,802	)		(2,779	)
Customer deposits		8,865			19,644
Other assets and liabilities		(5,948	)		1,035
Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities		39,047			(26,410	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(3,731	)		(8,971	)
Proceeds from sale of railcars available for lease, net of selling costs		—			8,356
Net cash flows used in investing activities		(3,731	)		(615	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of preferred shares, net of issuance costs		—			13,254
Deferred financing costs		—			(300	)
Borrowings on revolving line of credit		26,595			115,172
Repayments on revolving line of credit		(56,010	)		(123,062	)
Employee stock settlement		(40	)		(106	)
Payment for stock appreciation rights exercised		—			(6	)
Financing lease payments		(1,591	)		(460	)
Net cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities		(31,046	)		4,492
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		4,270			(22,533	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period		40,560			37,912
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at end of period	$	44,830		$	15,379
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid	$	2,177		$	3,961
Income taxes paid	$	5,061		$	1,857
Non-cash transactions
Change in unpaid construction in process	$	(226	)	$	51
Accrued PIK interest paid through issuance of PIK Note	$	—		$	3,161
Issuance of preferred shares in exchange of term loan	$	—		$	72,688
Issuance of warrants	$	—		$	3,014
Issuance of equity fee	$	—		$	685

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

8

FreightCar America, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except for share and per share data and unless otherwise noted)

Note 1 – Description of the Business

FreightCar America, Inc. (“FreightCar”, the “Company”, “we” or “our”) operates primarily in North America through its direct and indirect subsidiaries, and designs and manufactures a wide range of railroad freight cars, completes railcar rebody and repair services, provides railcar conversion services that repurpose idled rail assets back into revenue service, and supplies railcar parts. The Company designs and builds high-quality railcars, including bulk commodity cars, covered hopper cars, intermodal and non-intermodal flat cars, mill gondola cars, coil steel cars, coal cars and boxcars. The Company is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois and has facilities in the following locations: Johnstown, Pennsylvania; Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; and Castaños, Coahuila, Mexico (the “Castaños Facility”).

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FreightCar and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The foregoing financial information has been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting. The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The accompanying interim financial information is unaudited; however, the Company believes the financial information reflects all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal recurring nature) necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. The 2023 year-end balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements as of December 31, 2023. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified, where necessary, to conform to the current year presentation. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Note 3 – Revenue Recognition

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenues by major source:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2024		2023			2024		2023
Railcar sales	$	109,010	$	58,407		$	405,684	$	220,752
Parts sales		4,175		3,340			14,393		9,613
Revenues from contracts with customers		113,185		61,747			420,077		230,365
Leasing revenues		70		147			1,652		1,124
Total revenues	$	113,255	$	61,894		$	421,729	$	231,489

Contract Balances and Accounts Receivable

Contract assets represent the Company’s rights to consideration for performance obligations that have been satisfied but for which the terms of the contract do not permit billing at the reporting date. The Company had no contract assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company may receive cash payments from customers in advance of the Company satisfying performance obligations under its sales contracts resulting in deferred revenue or customer deposits, which are considered contract liabilities. Deferred revenue and customer deposits are classified as either current or long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize the related revenue. Customer deposits and deferred revenue, included in customer deposits and other current liabilities, respectively, in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet, were $8,865 as of September 30, 2024 and $5,686 as of December 31, 2023. The December amounts were recognized as revenue during the first quarter of 2024. The Company has not experienced significant historical credit losses.

Performance Obligations

9

The Company is electing not to disclose the value of the remaining unsatisfied performance obligations with a duration of one year or less as permitted by ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company had remaining unsatisfied performance obligations as of September 30, 2024 with expected duration of greater than one year of $108,914.

Note 4 – Segment Information

The Company’s operations consist of two operating segments, Manufacturing and Parts, and one reportable segment, Manufacturing. The Company’s Manufacturing segment includes new railcar manufacturing, railcar rebody and repair services, and complete railcar conversion services that repurpose idled rail assets back into revenue service. The Company’s Parts operating segment is not significant for reporting purposes and has been combined with corporate and other non-operating activities as Corporate and Other.

Segment operating income is an internal performance measure used by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker to assess the performance of each segment in a given period. Segment operating income includes all external revenues attributable to the segments as well as operating costs and income that management believes are directly attributable to the current production of goods and services. The Company’s internal management reporting package does not include interest revenue, interest expense or income taxes allocated to individual segments and these items are not considered as a component of segment operating income. Segment assets represent operating assets and exclude intersegment accounts, deferred tax assets and income tax receivables. The Company does not allocate cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to its operating segments as the Company’s treasury function is managed at the corporate level. Intersegment revenues were not material in any period presented.

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues:
Manufacturing	$	109,080		$	58,554		$	407,336		$	221,877
Corporate and Other		4,175			3,340			14,393			9,612
Consolidated revenues	$	113,255		$	61,894		$	421,729		$	231,489
Operating income (loss):
Manufacturing (1)	$	13,823		$	7,378		$	40,816		$	24,775
Corporate and Other (2)		(5,165	)		(5,977	)		(15,114	)		(14,551	)
Consolidated operating income	$	8,658		$	1,401		$	25,702		$	10,224
Consolidated interest expense		(1,577	)		(2,037	)		(5,815	)		(12,988	)
(Loss) gain on change in fair market value of Warrant liability		(110,040	)		4,273			(125,581	)		(1,869	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		-			-			-			(14,880	)
Consolidated other expense		(680	)		(228	)		(1,419	)		(333	)
Consolidated (loss) income before income taxes	$	(103,639	)	$	3,409		$	(107,113	)	$	(19,846	)
Depreciation and amortization:
Manufacturing	$	1,331		$	942		$	3,906		$	2,763
Corporate and Other		111			143			346			426
Consolidated depreciation and amortization	$	1,442		$	1,085		$	4,252		$	3,189
Capital expenditures:
Manufacturing	$	1,277		$	3,989		$	3,485		$	8,815
Corporate and Other		185			28			246			156
Consolidated capital expenditures	$	1,462		$	4,017		$	3,731		$	8,971

(1) Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 include a litigation settlement, of which $1,386 was allocated to leasing revenues and $3,214 was allocated to litigation settlement. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 include a gain on sale of railcars available for lease of $622.

(2) Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 include a loss on pension settlement of $313.

10

	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Assets:
Manufacturing	$	187,001	$	207,093
Corporate and Other		55,988		51,158
Total operating assets		242,989		258,251
Consolidated income taxes receivable		2,960		1,208
Consolidated assets	$	245,949	$	259,459

	Geographic Information
		Revenues								Long Lived Assets (a)
		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,				September 30,		December 31,
		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
United States		$	113,255	$	61,894	$	421,729	$	231,489	$	4,090	$	7,377
Mexico			-		-		-		-		72,708		69,826
Total		$	113,255	$	61,894	$	421,729	$	231,489	$	76,798	$	77,203

(a) Long lived assets include property plant and equipment, net, railcars available for lease, net, and right-of-use (ROU) assets.

Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets that were recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and the Company’s non-financial assets that were recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements	As of September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	-	$	162,382	$	-	$	162,382
Foreign currency derivative liability	$	-	$	1,784	$	-	$	1,784

Recurring Fair Value Measurements	As of December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	-	$	36,801	$	-	$	36,801
Assets:
Foreign currency derivative asset	$	-	$	606	$	-	$	606

Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements	During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Assets held for sale	$	-	$	-	$	629	$	629

Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements	During the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Railcars available for lease, net	$	-	$	-	$	2,842	$	2,842

The fair value of the Company’s Warrant (as defined in Note 10 - Warrants) liability recorded in the Company’s financial statements, determined using the quoted price of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), in an active market, exercise prices of $0.01 per share and $3.57 per share, and number of shares exercisable at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, is a Level 2 measurement.

The fair value of the Company’s foreign currency derivative (liability) asset determined using exit prices obtained from each counterparty, which are based on currency spot and forward rates at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 in an active market, is a Level 2 measurement. See Note 15 - Derivatives.

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The fair value of the Company's fleet of triple hopper aggregate railcars determined using a cost plus market approach for a portion of the assets and a market-based approach for the remainder of the assets at December 31, 2023, is a Level 3 measurement. In the first quarter of 2024, the Company gained possession of these railcars. The portion of railcars intended to be sold in their current condition were classified as assets held for sale, while the remaining railcars intended to be converted into a new car type were classified as inventory.

Note 6 – Restricted Cash

The Company establishes restricted cash balances when required by customer contracts, and to collateralize standby letters of credit or foreign currency derivatives. The carrying value of restricted cash approximates its fair value.

The Company’s restricted cash balances are as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Restricted cash from customer deposit	$	282	$	282
Restricted cash to collateralize standby letters of credit		103		103
Restricted cash to collateralize foreign currency derivatives		3,300		320
Total restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents	$	3,685	$	705

Note 7 – Inventories

Inventories, net of reserve for excess and obsolete items, consist of the following:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	65,913	$	65,639
Work in process		6,961		31,138
Finished railcars		6,329		23,196
Parts inventory		5,609		5,049
Total inventories, net	$	84,812	$	125,022

Inventory on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes reserves of $1,918 and $1,594 relating to excess or slow-moving inventory for parts and raw materials at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 8 – Product Warranties

Warranty terms are based on the negotiated railcar sale, rebody or conversion contract, as applicable. Changes in the warranty reserve for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	1,602		$	1,940
Current year provision		511			663
Reductions for payments, costs of repairs and other		(340	)		(852	)
Adjustments to prior warranties		(280	)		(113	)
Balance at the end of the period	$	1,493		$	1,638

Adjustments to prior warranties include changes in the warranty reserve for warranties issued in prior periods due to expiration of the warranty period, revised warranty cost estimates and other factors.

Note 9 – Revolving Credit Facility

As of September 30, 2024, a revolving line of credit maturing on October 31, 2024 exists in the maximum aggregate principal amount of up to $45,000, secured by a standby letter of credit in the principal amount of $25,000 and the Company’s accounts receivable. In

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connection with the standby letter of credit, the Company has agreed to pay an affiliate of OC III LFE (as defined below) a fee due and payable in cash of $375 per quarter.

The Company had no outstanding debt and remaining availability of $41,373 under this facility as of September 30, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $29,415 in outstanding debt and remaining availability of $10,853 under this facility.

The standby letter of credit bears interest at the prime rate of interest (“Prime”) plus 1.5%, or 9.5% as of September 30, 2024. Advances secured by the Company’s accounts receivable bear interest at Prime plus 2%, or 10% as of September 30, 2024.

The revolving line of credit was subsequently amended on October 30, 2024 to extend the maturity date from October 31, 2024 to December 31, 2024, decrease the maximum aggregate principal amount from up to $45,000 to up to $20,000, and remove the standby letter of credit in the principal amount of $25,000 along with the $375 quarterly fee in connection with the standby letter of credit.

The fair value of debt approximates its carrying value as of December 31, 2023.

Note 10 – Warrants

The Company issued warrants to OC III LFE II LP (“OC III LFE”) and various affiliates of OC III LFE (collectively, the “Warrantholder”) in previous years to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 23% (the “2020 Warrant”), 5% (the “2021 Warrant”), and 5% (the “2022 Warrant”) of the outstanding Common Stock (after giving effect to such issuance) on a fully-diluted basis at the time the warrants are exercised. The 2020 Warrant, 2021 Warrant, and 2022 Warrant each have a per share exercise price of $0.01 and a term of ten (10) years from date of issuance.

The 2020 Warrant, issued in November 2020, was exercisable for an aggregate of 9,502,172 and 8,712,618 shares of Common Stock as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The 2021 Warrant, issued in December 2021, was exercisable for an aggregate of 2,065,689 and 1,894,047 shares of Common Stock as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The 2022 Warrant, issued in April 2022, was exercisable for an aggregate of 2,065,689 and 1,894,047 shares of Common Stock as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company also issued a warrant to the Warrantholder in May 2023 to purchase an aggregate of 1,636,313 shares of Common Stock (the “2023 Warrant”), exercisable for a term of ten (10) years from date of issuance with a per share exercise price of $3.57.

The 2020 Warrant, 2021 Warrant, 2022 Warrant and 2023 Warrant are collectively referred to herein as the “Warrant”. As of September 30, 2024, the Warrant is classified as a liability and subject to fair value remeasurement at each balance sheet date. The fair value of the Warrant at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $162,382 and $36,801, respectively. The change in fair value of the Warrant is reported on a separate line in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Note 11 – Mezzanine Equity

In May 2023, the Company issued to OC III LFE 85,412 shares of non-convertible Series C Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, with an initial stated and fair value of $85,412 or $1,000 per share (the “Preferred Stock”). As of September 30, 2024, 85,412 shares of the Preferred Stock remain issued and outstanding. The Company classifies the Preferred Stock as mezzanine equity (temporary equity outside of permanent equity) because a deemed liquidation event following a change of control may require redemption of the Preferred Stock that is not solely within the control of the Company.

The Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Common Stock with respect to payment of dividends and distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution and winding up. Dividends accrue at a rate of 17.5% per annum on the initial stated value of the Preferred Stock. Accrued dividends, whether or not declared, are cumulative. OC III LFE will not participate in any dividends paid to holders of Common Stock.

The Company may redeem outstanding shares of Preferred Stock at any time by payment of the initial stated value plus accrued dividends. If the Company has not redeemed all of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock on or prior to the fourth anniversary of issuance, the dividend rate will increase by 0.5% for every quarter thereafter until redeemed in full (the “Dividend Rate Increase”). OC III LFE has the right to request the Company redeem all of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock at any time after the sixth anniversary of issuance. If the Company does not redeem all of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock within six months after receipt of a redemption request, OC III LFE will be entitled to certain limited voting rights.

The Preferred Stock has similar characteristics of an “Increasing Rate Security” as described by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5Q, Increasing Rate Preferred Stock. As a result, and as the Company has the ability to redeem all of the outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock before the occurrence of a Dividend Rate Increase, the discount on outstanding shares of Preferred Stock is considered

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an unstated dividend cost that is amortized over the period preceding commencement of the Dividend Rate Increase using the effective interest method, by charging imputed dividend cost against retained earnings, or additional paid in capital in the absence of retained earnings, and increasing the carrying amount of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock by a corresponding amount. Accordingly, the discount is amortized over four years using the effective yield method. Issuance costs of $2,301 were allocated against the outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock upon issuance. The Company recognized discount amortization of $144 and $431 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $146 and $203 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income consist of the following:

	Pre-Tax			Tax		After-Tax
Three months ended September 30, 2024
Pension liability activity:
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net loss (pre-tax other income)	$	39		$	-	$	39
Foreign currency derivative liability activity:
Unrealized loss on foreign currency derivatives	$	(1,123	)	$	-	$	(1,123	)
	$	(1,084	)	$	-	$	(1,084	)

Three months ended September 30, 2023
Pension liability activity:
Loss on pension settlement	$	313	$	-	$	313
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net loss (pre-tax other income)		573		-		573
	$	886	$	-	$	886
Foreign currency derivative asset activity:
Unrealized gain on foreign currency derivatives	$	34	$	-	$	34
	$	920	$	-	$	920

Nine months ended September 30, 2024	Pre-Tax			Tax		After-Tax
Pension liability activity:
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net loss (pre-tax other income)	$	109		$	-	$	109
Foreign currency derivative liability activity:
Unrealized loss on foreign currency derivatives	$	(2,390	)	$	-	$	(2,390	)
	$	(2,281	)	$	-	$	(2,281	)

Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Pension liability activity:
Loss on pension settlement	$	313	$	-	$	313
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net loss (pre-tax other income)		650		-		650
	$	963	$	-	$	963
Foreign currency derivative asset activity:
Unrealized gain on foreign currency derivatives	$	34	$	-	$	34
	$	997	$	-	$	997

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income consist of the following:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Unrecognized pension income, net of tax of $6,282 and $6,282, respectively	$	1,868		$	1,759
Unrealized (loss) gain on foreign currency derivatives		(1,784	)		606
	$	84		$	2,365

Note 13 – Stock-Based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation was $804 and $715 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2,330 and $524 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, there was $2,064 of unearned compensation expense related to restricted stock awards, which will be recognized over the remaining weighted average

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requisite service period of 21 months. As of September 30, 2024, there was $1,751 of unearned compensation expense related to time-vested stock options, which will be recognized over the remaining requisite service period of 23 months. As of September 30, 2024, there was no unearned compensation expense related to cash settled stock appreciation rights.

In June 2023, the Company issued 300,000 inducement stock options (the “Inducement Options”) outside of The FreightCar America, Inc. 2022 Long Term Incentive Plan to one individual. As of September 30, 2024, there was $172 of unrecognized compensation expense related to the Inducement Options, which will be recognized over the remaining requisite service period of 21 months.

Note 14 – Employee Benefit Plans

The Company has a qualified, defined benefit pension plan (the “Plan”) that was established to provide benefits to certain employees. The Plan is frozen and participants are no longer accruing benefits. Generally, contributions to the Plan were not less than the minimum amounts required under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and not more than the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes. The Plan assets are held by an independent trustee and consist primarily of equity and fixed income securities.

The components of net periodic benefit cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, are as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,							September 30,
Pension Benefits	2024			2023				2024			2023
Interest cost	$	130		$	151			$	399		$	453
Expected return on plan assets		(70	)		(83	)			(220	)		(250	)
Amortization of unrecognized net income		39			38				109			115
Loss on pension settlement		-			313				-			313
	$	99		$	419			$	288		$	631

The Company made no contributions to the Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company expects to make no contributions to the Plan in 2024.

The Company also maintains qualified defined contribution plans, which provide benefits to employees based on employee contributions and employee earnings with discretionary contributions allowed.

Note 15 – Derivatives

The Company’s operations and expenditures in its normal course of business are subject to opportunities and risks related to foreign currency fluctuations. The Company currently utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to protect against downward currency exposure by hedging Mexican Peso denominated expenses against the risk of volatility in foreign currency exchange rates between the Mexican Peso and the U.S. Dollar.

During 2023 and 2024, the Company entered into forward contracts to hedge the Company’s anticipated and probable Mexican Peso denominated expenses against the foreign currency rate exposure. The contracts have terms between one and 12 months and require the Company to exchange currencies at agreed-upon rates at each settlement date. The counterparties to the contracts consist of a limited number of domestic and international financial institutions. The Company classifies these contracts as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company does not have any non-designated derivatives.

The Company assesses the assumed effectiveness of the contracts at each reporting period. The foreign currency derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The Company records unrealized gains or losses related to changes in the fair value of the forward contracts in other comprehensive income as long as the contracts are assumed to be effective. Amounts accumulated in other comprehensive (loss) income are reclassified to the condensed consolidated statements of operations on the same line as the items being hedged when the hedged item impacts earnings or upon determination that the contract is no longer assumed to be effective.
 

The notional amounts of outstanding foreign currency derivatives are as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
Notional Amount	2024		2023
Derivative instruments designated as hedges:
Foreign currency derivatives	$	25,281	$	11,562

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The fair value of outstanding foreign currency derivatives designated as hedges are as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
Fair Value	2024		2023
Other current liabilities:
Foreign currency derivatives	$	1,784	$	-
Prepaid expenses:
Foreign currency derivatives	$	-	$	606

The pre-tax realized loss (gain) on foreign currency derivatives is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:

		Amount of Loss/(Gain) Recognized					Amount of (Gain) Recognized
		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Location of Realized Loss/(Gain) Recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2024		2023			2024			2023
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency derivatives	Cost of sales	$	72	$	(8	)	$	(449	)	$	(8	)

Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is involved in various litigation matters from time to time, including intellectual property litigation, and warranty and repair claims incidental to the conduct of our business. Although the Company is taking actions to vigorously contest these matters, it is not possible to determine the outcome of these matters and proceedings. The Company does not believe these actions will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 17 – Loss Per Share

The net loss available to common stockholders and weighted-average common shares outstanding are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(107,046	)	$	3,193		$	(110,440	)	$	(20,733	)
Accretion of financing fees		(144	)		(146	)		(431	)		(203	)
Accrued dividends on Series C Preferred Stock		(4,676	)		(3,923	)		(13,340	)		(5,535	)
Net loss available to common stockholders - basic	$	(111,866	)	$	(876	)	$	(124,211	)	$	(26,471	)
Net loss available to common stockholders - diluted	$	(111,866	)	$	(876	)	$	(124,211	)	$	(26,471	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		17,633,629			17,044,251			17,433,479			16,937,968
Issuance of Warrants		13,720,368			12,499,712			13,086,066			11,126,442
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		31,353,997			29,543,963			30,519,545			28,064,410
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		31,353,997			29,543,963			30,519,545			28,064,410

The Company computes earnings per share using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for Common Stock and participating securities. The Company’s participating securities are its grants of restricted stock which contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends. The Company allocates earnings between both classes; however, in periods of undistributed losses, they are only allocated to common shares as the unvested restricted stockholders do not contractually participate in losses of the Company. The Company computes basic earnings per share by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Warrants issued in connection with the Company's long-term

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debt were issued at a nominal exercise price and are considered outstanding at the date of issuance. The 2023 Warrant was issued out-of-the money and the Company will apply the treasury stock method to the 2023 Warrant when computing earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share is calculated to give effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period. Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding include the incremental shares that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of stock options and the assumed vesting of nonvested share awards. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, 2,058,180 and 6,222,085 shares, respectively, were not included in the weighted average common shares outstanding calculation as they were anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, 3,119,672 and 5,996,646 shares, respectively, were not included in the weighted average common shares outstanding calculation as they were anti-dilutive.

Note 18 – Related Parties

The following persons are owners of Fabricaciones y Servicios de México, S.A. de C.V. (“Fasemex”): Jesús Gil, a director of the Company; and Alejandro Gil and Salvador Gil, siblings of Jesús Gil. Fasemex owns approximately 10.3% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock as of September 30, 2024 and provides steel fabrication services to the Company. The lessors of the Castaños Facility are Jesús Gil, Alejandro Gil, and Salvador Gil. Distribuciones Industriales JAS S.A. de C.V. (“DI”) is owned by Alejandro Gil and Salvador Gil and provides material and safety supplies to the Company. Maquinaria y equipo de transporte Jova S.A. de C.V (“METJ”) is owned by Jorge Gil, a sibling of Jesús Gil, and provides trucking services to the Company. Fasemex, DI, METJ, Jesús Gil, Alejandro Gil, Salvador Gil, and Jorge Gil are collectively referred to as the “Gil Family”.

The Company paid $6,058 and $20,711 to the Gil Family during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $3,909 and $13,675 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, related to steel fabrication services, rent and security deposit payments for the Castaños Facility, material and safety supplies, trucking services and royalty payments.

Commercial Specialty Truck Holdings, LLC (“CSTH”) is minority owned by James R. Meyer, a member of our Board, our former CEO, and beneficial owner of over 5% of our Common Stock. The Company sold specialty parts supplies in an amount equal to $268 and $683 to CSTH during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company sold no specialty parts supplies to CSTH during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Related party asset on the condensed consolidated balance sheet of $936 as of September 30, 2024 includes other receivables of $254 from CSTH and other assets of $682 from the Gil Family. Related party accounts payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheet of $2,493 as of September 30, 2024 is payable to the Gil Family. Related party asset on the condensed consolidated balance sheet of $638 as of December 31, 2023 includes other receivables of $517 from the Gil Family and $121 from CSTH. Related party accounts payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheet of $2,478 as of December 31, 2023 is payable to the Gil Family.

Note 19 – Income Taxes

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items. The Company’s effective income tax rate was (3.3)% and 6.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and (3.1)% and (4.5)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rates for the respective periods of 2024 and 2023 differed from the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the mix of pre-tax earnings in the U.S. and Mexico; permanent differences and discrete events, predominantly in Mexico; and a full valuation allowance in the U.S.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and prospects. We have used the words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “likely,” “unlikely,” “intend” and similar expressions in this report to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. However, forward-looking statements inherently involve potential risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. These potential risks and uncertainties relate to, among other things, the cyclical nature of our business; adverse economic and market conditions, including inflation; material disruption in the movement of rail traffic for deliveries; fluctuating costs of raw materials, including steel and aluminum; delays in the delivery of raw materials; our ability to maintain relationships with our suppliers of railcar components; our reliance upon a small number of customers that represent a large percentage of our sales; the variable purchase patterns of our customers and the timing of completion; delivery and customer acceptance of orders; the highly competitive nature of our industry; the risk of lack of acceptance of our new railcar offerings; and other competitive factors. The factors listed above are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include additional factors that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict the impact of all of these factors on our business, financial condition or results of operations or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not rely on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. We expressly disclaim any duty to provide updates to forward-looking statements, and the estimates and assumptions associated with them, in order to reflect changes in circumstances or expectations or the occurrence of unanticipated events except to the extent required by applicable securities laws.

OVERVIEW

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on management’s current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

We are a diversified manufacturer of railcars and railcar components. We design and manufacture a broad variety of railcar types for transportation of bulk commodities and containerized freight products primarily in North America. We also provide railcar rebody and repair services, railcar conversion services that repurpose idled rail assets back into revenue service, and supply railcar parts. We have been manufacturing railcars since 1901.

Total net railcar orders received for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were 4,040 units, consisting of 2,645 new railcars and 1,395 rebuilt railcars, compared to orders for 3,356 units, consisting of 3,166 new railcars and 190 rebuilt railcars for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Total backlog of unfilled orders was 3,611 units at September 30, 2024, compared to 2,914 railcars as of December 31, 2023. The estimated sales value of the backlog was $372 million and $348 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The increase in the number of net railcar orders received for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the prior year period is primarily a reflection of the Company’s increased production capacity year-over-year.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

Revenues

Our consolidated revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were $113.3 million compared to $61.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Manufacturing segment revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were $109.1 million compared to $58.6 million for the corresponding prior year period. The $50.5 million increase in Manufacturing segment revenues was primarily driven by an increase in the volume of railcar units delivered during the quarter. Railcar deliveries in the three months ended September 30, 2024 totaled 961 units, consisting entirely of new railcars, compared to 503 units in the same period of 2023, consisting of 382 new railcars and 121 rebuilt railcars. Corporate and Other revenues were $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

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Gross Profit

Our consolidated gross profit was $16.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Manufacturing segment gross profit was $14.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $7.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The $7.0 million increase in consolidated gross profit and $6.4 million increase in Manufacturing segment gross profit reflects a favorable volume variance. Corporate and Other gross profit was $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses were $7.5 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Manufacturing segment selling, general and administrative expenses were $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Manufacturing segment selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were 0.5% of revenue, compared to 1.0% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Corporate and Other selling, general and administrative expenses were $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $6.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Operating Income

Our consolidated operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $8.7 million compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 driven primarily by the previously mentioned favorable volume variance, partially offset by the previously mentioned loss on pension settlement. Operating income for the Manufacturing segment was $13.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $7.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting the increase in railcars delivered during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Corporate and Other operating loss was $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

(Loss) Gain on Change in Fair Market Value of Warrant Liability

Our loss on change in fair market value of Warrant liability was $110.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to our gain on change in fair market value of Warrant liability of $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The change in fair market value of Warrant liability is driven by the fluctuation of stock price used to remeasure the liability at the end of each period.

Income Taxes

Our income tax provision was $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to our income tax provision of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in income tax expense is primarily explained by the mix of forecasted earnings in the U.S. and Mexico, as well as the impact of permanent and discrete items predominantly in Mexico.

Net (Loss) Income

As a result of the changes discussed above, net loss was $107.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to net income of $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, basic and diluted net loss per share was $3.57, compared to basic and diluted net loss per share of $0.03 for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Revenues

Our consolidated revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $421.7 million compared to $231.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Manufacturing segment revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $407.3 million compared to $221.9 million for the corresponding prior year period. The $185.4 million increase in Manufacturing segment revenues was primarily driven by an increase in the volume of railcar units delivered during the current period, which includes delivery in the first quarter of 2024 of railcars that had been temporarily impacted by the closure of the U.S.-Mexico border in December 2023. Railcar deliveries in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled 3,343 units, consisting of 3,233 new

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railcars and 110 rebuilt railcars, compared to 2,001 units in the same period of 2023, consisting of 1,686 new railcars and 315 rebuilt railcars. Corporate and Other revenues were $14.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Gross Profit

Our consolidated gross profit was $46.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $29.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Manufacturing segment gross profit was $39.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $26.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The $16.3 million increase in consolidated gross profit and $13.0 million increase in Manufacturing segment gross profit primarily reflects a favorable volume variance. Corporate and Other gross profit was $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $23.5 million compared to $19.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The $3.7 million increase in consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to increases in stock-based compensation expenses of $1.8 million and legal expenses of $1.8 million. Manufacturing segment selling, general and administrative expenses were $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The $0.5 million decrease in Manufacturing selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to a $0.4 million decrease in consulting expenses. Manufacturing segment selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were 0.3% of revenue, compared to 0.9% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Corporate and Other selling, general and administrative expenses were $22.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $17.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The $4.2 million increase in Corporate and Other selling, general and administrative expenses is primarily a result of the previously mentioned increases in stock-based compensation expenses and legal expenses in the current year.

Litigation Settlement

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded a pre-tax litigation settlement of $3.2 million related to a dispute with a former lessee of our railcars. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we did not record any litigation settlements.

Operating Income

Our consolidated operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $25.7 million compared to a $10.2 million consolidated operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 driven primarily by the previously mentioned favorable volume variance, partially offset by the previously mentioned increase in selling, general and administrative expenses. Operating income for the Manufacturing segment was $40.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to an operating income of $24.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting the increase in railcars delivered during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Corporate and Other operating loss was $15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $14.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The $0.5 million increase in operating loss is primarily a result of the previously mentioned increases in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Loss on Change in Fair Market Value of Warrant Liability

Our loss on change in fair market value of Warrant liability was $125.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to our loss on change in fair market value of Warrant liability of $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30,

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2023. The change in fair market value of Warrant liability is driven by the fluctuation of stock price used to remeasure the liability at the end of each period.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

There was no loss on extinguishment of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Loss on extinguishment of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $14.9 million due to the settlement of the Credit Agreement through the issuance of Series C Preferred Stock and the termination of the M&T Credit Agreement and Forbearance Agreement (refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K issued on March 18, 2024 for defined terms).

Income Taxes

Our income tax benefit was $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to our income tax provision of $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in income tax expense is primarily explained by the mix of forecasted earnings in the U.S. and Mexico, as well as the impact of permanent and discrete items predominantly in Mexico.

Net Loss

As a result of the changes discussed above, net loss was $110.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $20.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, basic and diluted net loss per share was $4.07, compared to basic and diluted net loss per share of $0.94 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

(In thousands, except for share and per share data and unless otherwise noted)

Our primary sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalent balances on hand and our credit and debt facilities outlined below.

Revolving Credit Facility

As of September 30, 2024, a revolving line of credit maturing on October 31, 2024 exists in the maximum aggregate principal amount of up to $45,000, secured by a standby letter of credit in the principal amount of $25,000 and the Company’s accounts receivable. In connection with the standby letter of credit, the Company has agreed to pay an affiliate of OC III LFE (as defined below) a fee due and payable in cash of $375 per quarter.

The Company had no outstanding debt and remaining availability of $41,373 under this facility as of September 30, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $29,415 in outstanding debt and remaining availability of $10,853 under this facility.

The standby letter of credit bears interest at the prime rate of interest (“Prime”) plus 1.5%, or 9.5% as of September 30, 2024. Advances secured by the Company’s accounts receivable bear interest at Prime plus 2%, or 10% as of September 30, 2024.

The revolving line of credit was subsequently amended on October 30, 2024 to extend the maturity date from October 31, 2024 to December 31, 2024, decrease the maximum aggregate principal amount from up to $45,000 to up to $20,000, and remove the standby letter of credit in the principal amount of $25,000 along with the $375 quarterly fee in connection with the standby letter of credit.

Warrant

The Company issued warrants to OC III LFE II LP (“OC III LFE”) and various affiliates of OC III LFE (collectively, the “Warrantholder”) in previous years which are exercisable on the terms described in Note 10 - Warrants.

Preferred Shares

In May 2023, the Company issued to OC III LFE 85,412 shares of non-convertible Series C Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, with an initial stated and fair value of $85,412 or $1,000 per share (the “Preferred Stock”). As of September 30, 2024, 85,412 shares of the Preferred Stock remain issued and outstanding. The Company classifies the Preferred Stock as mezzanine equity (temporary equity outside of permanent equity) since a deemed liquidation event following a change of control may require redemption of the Preferred Stock that is not solely within the control of the Company.

The Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Common Stock with respect to payment of dividends and distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution and winding up. Dividends accrue at a rate of 17.5% per annum on the initial stated value. Accrued dividends,

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whether or not declared, are cumulative. The Preferred Stock will not participate in any dividends paid to the holders of shares of Common Stock.

The Company may redeem the outstanding Preferred Stock at any time by payment of the initial stated value plus accrued dividends. If the Company has not redeemed on or prior to the fourth anniversary of issuance, the dividend rate will increase by 0.5% for every quarter thereafter until redeemed in full. OC III LFE has the right to request the Company redeem at any time after the sixth anniversary of issuance. If the Company does not redeem within six months after receipt of a redemption request, OC III LFE will be entitled to certain limited voting rights.

Additional Liquidity Factors

Our restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents and restricted certificates of deposit balances were $3.7 million and $0.7 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Restricted deposits of $0.3 million as of each of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 relate to a customer deposit for the purchase of railcars. Restricted deposits of $0.1 million as of each of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are used to collateralize standby letters of credit with respect to performance guarantees. The standby letters of credit outstanding as of September 30, 2024 are a requirement as long as the performance guarantees are in place. Restricted deposits of $3.3 million and $0.3 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are used to collateralize foreign currency derivatives.

Based on our current level of operations and known changes in planned volume based on our backlog, we believe that our cash balances will be sufficient to meet our expected liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months. Our long-term liquidity is contingent upon future operating performance and our ability to continue to meet financial covenants under our revolving credit facilities, any other indebtedness and the availability of additional financing if needed. We may also require additional capital in the future to fund working capital for various reasons, such as future railcar demand; payments for contractual obligations; organic growth opportunities, including new plant and equipment and development of railcars; joint ventures; international expansion; and acquisitions, and these capital requirements could be substantial.

Based upon our operating performance and capital requirements, we may, from time to time, be required to raise additional funds through additional offerings of our equity or debt and through long-term borrowings. There can be no assurance that long-term debt, if needed, will be available on terms attractive to us, or at all. Furthermore, any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. Our failure to raise capital if and when needed could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	2024			2023
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	39,047		$	(26,410	)
Investing activities		(3,731	)		(615	)
Financing activities		(31,046	)		4,492
Total	$	4,270		$	(22,533	)

Operating Activities. Our net cash provided by (used in) operating activities reflects net loss adjusted for non-cash charges and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Cash flows from operating activities are affected by several factors, including fluctuations in business volume, contract terms for billings and collections, the timing of collections on our contract receivables, processing of payroll and associated taxes, payments to our suppliers and other operating activities. As some of our customers accept delivery of new railcars in train-set quantities, variations in our sales could lead to significant fluctuations in our operating profits and cash from operating activities.

Our net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $39.0 million compared to net cash used in operating activities of $26.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Our net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 reflects changes in working capital, including a decrease in inventory of $40.9 million, offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $17.9 million. The decrease in inventory relates to raw materials on hand at December 31, 2023 used in production of railcars delivered in 2024, as well as finished goods on hand at December 31, 2023 delivered in 2024 due to the closure of the US-Mexico border in December 2023. The increase in accounts receivable relates to the timing of collections with current railcar builds based on contractual payment terms. Our net cash used in operating activities for the

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nine months ended September 30, 2023 reflects changes in working capital, primarily an increase in inventory of $57.2 million related to inventory to be used in production of railcars to be delivered during the fourth quarter of 2023, offset by an increase of $19.6 million customer deposits received during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $3.7 million and consisted of capital expenditures related to the enhancement of machinery and equipment on current production lines of our facility in Castaños, Coahuila, Mexico (the “Castaños Facility”). Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.6 million and consisted of $8.4 million proceeds from the sale of railcars available for lease, net of selling costs, offset by capital expenditures of $9.0 million related to the expansion of the Castaños Facility.

Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $31.0 million which included net repayments on revolving line of credit of $29.4 million and principal payments on the finance lease of $1.6 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $4.5 million which primarily included $13.3 million proceeds from the issuance of Series C Preferred Stock, net of issuance costs, partially offset by net repayments on revolving line of credit of $7.9 million.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures were $3.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $9.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease primarily due to the completion of the Castaños Facility expansion in 2023. We anticipate capital expenditures during 2024 to be in the range of $5.0 million to $6.0 million, primarily related to the enhancement of machinery and equipment on current production lines at the Castaños Facility.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of September 30, 2024. Based on their evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Information regarding legal proceedings is available in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a)

Exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-Q:

10.1	Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of October 30, 2024, by and among the Company and certain of its subsidiaries and Siena Lending Group LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 1, 2024).
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	FREIGHTCAR AMERICA, INC.
Date: November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ NICHOLAS J. RANDALL
		Nicholas J. Randall, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ MICHAEL A. RIORDAN
		Michael A. Riordan, Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ JUAN CARLOS FUENTES SIERRA
		Juan Carlos Fuentes Sierra, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

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