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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
| þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 |
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the transition period from to |
Commission file number: 000-51447
EXPEDIA, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 20-2705720 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
333 108th Avenue NE
Bellevue, WA 98004
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(425) 679-7200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class: | Name of each exchange on which registered: | |
Common stock, $0.001 par value | The NASDAQ Global Select Market |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer þ | Accelerated filer ¨ | Non-accelerated filer ¨ | Smaller reporting company ¨ | |||
| (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ
As of June 30, 2010, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common equity held by non-affiliates was approximately $3,853,956,000. For the purpose of the foregoing calculation only, all directors and executive officers of the registrant are assumed to be affiliates of the registrant.
| Outstanding Shares at January 28, 2011 | ||
Class | were approximately, | |
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share | 248,460,933 shares | |
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share | 25,599,998 shares |
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Document | Parts Into Which Incorporated | |
Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (Proxy Statement) | Part III |
Table of Contents
Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2010
Contents
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Expedia, Inc.
Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2010
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect the views of our management regarding current expectations and projections about future events and are based on currently available information. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The use of words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans” and “believes,” among others, generally identify forward-looking statements; however, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. We are not under any obligation and do not intend to publicly update or review any of these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, even if experience or future events make it clear that any expected results expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements will not be realized. Please carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this report and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, prospects and results of operations.
Management Overview
General Description of our Business
Expedia, Inc. is an online travel company, empowering business and leisure travelers with the tools and information they need to efficiently research, plan, book and experience travel. We have created a global travel marketplace used by a broad range of leisure and corporate travelers, offline retail travel agents and travel service providers. We make available, on a stand-alone and package basis, travel products and services provided by numerous airlines, lodging properties, car rental companies, destination service providers, cruise lines and other travel product and service companies. We also offer travel and non-travel advertisers access to a potential source of incremental traffic and transactions through our various media and advertising offerings on both the TripAdvisor® Media Network and on our transaction-based websites.
Our portfolio of brands, which is described below, includes: Expedia.com®, Hotels.com®, Hotwire.com™, TripAdvisor Media Network, Expedia® Affiliate Network, Classic Vacations®, Expedia Local Expert™, Expedia® CruiseShipCenters®, Egencia™, eLong™, Inc. (“eLong”) and Venere™ Net SpA (“Venere”). In addition, many of these brands have related international points of sale. We refer to Expedia, Inc. and its subsidiaries collectively as “Expedia,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” and “our” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Summary of the Spin-Off from IAC/InterActiveCorp
On December 21, 2004, IAC/InterActiveCorp (“IAC”) announced its plan to separate into two independent public companies. We refer to this transaction as the “Spin-Off.” A new company, Expedia, Inc., was incorporated under Delaware law in April 2005, to hold substantially all of IAC’s travel and travel-related businesses. On August 9, 2005, the Spin-Off was completed and Expedia, Inc. shares began trading on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “EXPE.”
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Equity Ownership and Voting Control
As of December 31, 2010, there were approximately 248,346,725 shares of Expedia common stock, 25,599,998 shares of Expedia Class B common stock and 751 shares of Expedia preferred stock outstanding. Expedia stockholders are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock, ten votes for each share of Class B common stock and two votes for each share of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2010, Liberty Media Corporation (“Liberty”), through a wholly-owned subsidiary, held approximately 18% of Expedia’s outstanding common stock (or 29% assuming conversion of all shares of Class B common stock into shares of common stock) and 100% of Expedia’s outstanding Class B common stock. As of such date, Barry Diller, Chairman and Senior Executive of Expedia (through his own holdings and holdings of Liberty, over which Mr. Diller generally has voting control pursuant to an irrevocable proxy granted by Liberty under the Stockholders Agreement described below) controlled approximately 61% of the outstanding total voting power of Expedia.
Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2005, as amended, between Liberty and Mr. Diller, Mr. Diller is effectively able to control the outcome of nearly all matters submitted to a vote or for the consent of Expedia’s stockholders (other than with respect to the election by the Expedia common stockholders of 25% of the members of Expedia’s Board of Directors and certain matters as to which a separate class vote of the holders of Expedia common stock or Expedia preferred stock is required under Delaware law). In addition, pursuant to the Governance Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2005, among Expedia, Liberty and Mr. Diller, each of Mr. Diller and Liberty generally has the right to consent to certain significant corporate actions in the event that Expedia or any of its subsidiaries incurs any new obligations for borrowed money within the definition of “total debt” set forth in the Governance Agreement for as long as Expedia’s ratio of total debt to EBITDA, as defined therein, equals or exceeds eight to one.
Portfolio of Brands
Expedia leverages its brand portfolio to target the broadest possible range of travelers, travel suppliers and advertisers. Our brands provide a wide selection of travel products and services, from simple, discounted travel to more complex, luxury travel. Our travel offerings primarily consist of airline flights, hotel stays, car rentals, destination services, cruises and package travel, which encompasses multiple travel products. We also offer travel and non-travel advertisers access to a potential source of incremental traffic and transactions through our various media and advertising offerings on both the TripAdvisor Media Network and on our transaction-based websites.
Expedia.com. Our Expedia-branded websites make a large variety of travel products and services available directly to travelers through our U.S.-based website, www.expedia.com, as well as through localized versions of the Expedia website in 20 countries worldwide. Expedia-branded websites target many different types of travelers, from families booking a summer vacation to individual travelers arranging a quick weekend getaway. Travelers can search for, compare information about (including pricing, availability and traveler reviews) and book travel products and services on Expedia-branded websites, including airline tickets, lodging, car rentals, cruises and many destination services — such as airport transfers, local attractions and tours — from a large number of suppliers, on both a stand-alone and package basis.
Hotels.com. Our Hotels.com website provides a broad selection of hotel properties to travelers, who can plan, shop for and book lodging accommodations, from traditional hotels to vacation rentals. Hotels.com seeks to provide travelers with premium content and service through our U.S.-based website, www.hotels.com, as well as through more than 75 localized versions in the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific and South Africa. With Hotels.com, we differentiate our offering by positioning the brand as the hotel expert, with premium content about lodging properties.
Hotwire. Our discount travel website, www.hotwire.com, makes available airline tickets, hotel rooms, rental cars, cruises and vacation packages. Hotwire’s approach matches flexible, price-sensitive travelers with suppliers who have excess seats, rooms and cars they wish to fill without affecting the public’s perception of their brands. Hotwire travelers may enjoy significant discounts by electing to book travel services “opaquely,” without knowing certain itinerary details such as brand, time of departure and exact hotel location, while
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suppliers create value from excess availability without diluting their core brand-loyal traveler base. Hotwire partners with leading hotel companies worldwide, brand-name domestic and international airlines, and major car rental companies in the United States. Hotwire also operates CarRentals.com, an online car rental marketing and retail firm offering a diverse selection of car rentals direct to consumers. Hotwire operates Travel-ticker.com as well, which is an inspirational travel website that is home to some of the best insider deals at many of the world’s favorite destinations.
Venere. Our Venere website, www.venere.com, lists more than 72,000 hotel properties in hundreds of locations across the world and provides hotel partners with geographically diverse sources of demand. Venere has direct agency-based relationships with hotels around the globe ensuring it can offer customers best value rates.
The TripAdvisor Media Network. TripAdvisor, our comprehensive online travel search engine and directory, aggregates traveler reviews and opinions and unbiased articles about cities, hotels, restaurants and activities in a variety of destinations through www.tripadvisor.com and localized versions of the site in 27 countries worldwide, including China under the brand daodao.com. In addition to travel-related information, TripAdvisor’s destination-specific search results provide links to the websites of TripAdvisor’s travel partners (travel providers and marketers) through which travelers can make related travel arrangements. TripAdvisor operates a number of travel media content properties within the TripAdvisor Media Network, including airfarewatchdog.com™, bookingbuddy.com™, cruisecritic.com™, familyvacationcritic.com, flipkey.com™, holidaylettings.co.uk, holidaywatchdog.com™, independenttraveler.com™, kuxun.cn, onetime.com™, seatguru.com®, smartertravel.com™, sniqueaway.com, travel-library.com™, travelpod.com™, and virtualtourist.com™, expanding the Network’s reach, product breadth and appeal to domestic and international advertisers.
Expedia Affiliate Network. Our private label and co-brand programs make travel products and services available to travelers through third-party company-branded websites. The products and services made available through www.expediaaffiliate.com and www.wwte.com are substantially similar to those made available on Expedia-branded and Hotels.com-branded websites, respectively. We generally compensate participants in the WWTE® and IAN™ private label programs on a revenue-share basis. We also leverage our WWTE and IAN platforms to make Expedia and Hotels.com-branded sites available in various international points of sale.
Classic Vacations. Classic Vacations offers individually tailored vacations primarily through a national network of third-party retail travel agents. We deliver a full line of premium vacation packages — air, hotels, car rentals, activities and private transportation — to create customized luxury vacations in Hawaii, the Caribbean, Mexico, Costa Rica, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and Tahiti. Travel agents and travelers can preview our product offering through our websites, www.classicforagents.com and www.classicvacations.com.
Expedia Local Expert. Our network offers face-to-face personalized recommendations and assistance in booking events, activities, tours, attractions and other services that travelers seek in their destinations. With access to a rich portfolio of thousands of tours and adventures, Expedia Local Expert (“ELE”) operates concierge and activity desks in more than 100 hotels and other retail locations in many key cities around the world. ELE also operates www.localexpert.com.
Expedia CruiseShipCenters. Majority-owned by Expedia, CruiseShipCenters is one of North America’s leading sellers of cruise vacations. CruiseShipCenters has over 130 retail locations, a team of 3,200 professionally-trained cruise consultants and a searchable online database of more than 10,000 cruise vacations.
Egencia. Our full-service travel management company offers travel products and services available to corporations and corporate travelers. Egencia has a global presence in 39 countries across North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. Egencia provides, among other things, centralized booking tools for employees of our corporate customers, unique supply targeted at business travelers, and consolidated reporting for global, large and “SME” (Small & Medium size Enterprise) business segments. Egencia charges its corporate clients account management fees, as well as transactional fees for making or changing bookings. In addition, Egencia provides on-site agents to some corporate clients to more fully support the account. Egencia also offers consulting and meeting management services.
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eLong. Our majority-owned online hotel and air travel service company, based in Beijing, China, specializes in travel products and services in China. eLong uses web-based distribution technologies and a 24-hour nationwide call center to provide consumers with the ability to make hotel reservations at more than 17,000 hotels in over 600 cities across China and more than 130,000 hotels in 100 countries worldwide. eLong also offers air ticketing and other travel related information and services. Travelers can access eLong travel products and services through its websites, including www.elong.com and www.elong.net. eLong, Inc. is a listed company, which trades on the NASDAQ under the symbol “LONG.”
Business Strategy
We play a fundamental role in facilitating travel, whether for leisure, unmanaged business or managed business travelers. We are committed to providing travelers, travel suppliers and advertisers the world over with the best set of resources to serve their travel needs by leveraging Expedia’s critical assets — our brand portfolio, technology and content innovation, global reach and breadth of product offering. In addition, we intelligently utilize our growing base of knowledge about destinations, activities, suppliers and travelers and our central position in the travel value chain to more effectively merchandise our travel offerings.
A discussion of the critical assets that we leverage in achieving our business strategy follows:
Portfolio of Travel Brands. We seek to appeal to the broadest possible range of travelers, suppliers and advertisers through our collection of industry-leading brands. We target several different demographics, from the value-conscious traveler through our Hotwire brand to luxury travelers seeking a high-touch, customized vacation package through our Classic Vacations brand.
We believe our flagship Expedia brand appeals to the broadest range of travelers, with our extensive product offering ranging from single item bookings of discounted product to dynamic bundling of higher-end travel packages. Our Hotels.com site and its international versions target travelers with premium hotel content about lodging properties, such as 360 degree tours and hotel reviews. In the United States, Hotels.com generally appeals to travelers with shorter booking windows who prefer to drive to their destinations, and who make a significant portion of their travel bookings over the telephone.
We have a robust and growing advertising business, led primarily by the efforts of the TripAdvisor Media Network, which offers travel and other advertisers a host of alternatives for reaching customers in our prime demographic. The majority of advertising revenue is generated through click-based advertising, but we also have a growing display advertising business as well as other new products such as hotel business listings, vacation rentals, and a new private sale site, SniqueAway™. TripAdvisor generates customer traffic to its sites by offering a broad and deep selection of hotel reviews and other user-generated content to help travelers make decisions about where to travel, where to stay and what to do while on vacation. We also generate advertising revenue on our transaction sites, primarily through efforts of Expedia® Media Solutions.
Egencia makes travel products and services available on a managed basis to corporate travelers in North America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region.
We believe our appeal to suppliers and advertisers is further enhanced by our geographic breadth and range of business models, enabling them to offer their products and services to the industry’s broadest range of travelers using our various agency, merchant and advertising business models. We intend to continue supporting and investing in our brand portfolio, geographic footprint and business models for the benefit of our travelers, suppliers and advertisers.
Technology and Content Innovation. Expedia has an established tradition of technology innovation, from Expedia.com’s inception as a division of Microsoft to our introduction of more recent innovations such as Expedia’s introduction of opaque hotel inventory through its new Unpublished Rates product, TripAdvisor Media Network’s launch of the new private sale site, SniqueAway, through its Smarter Travel Media brand, and Expedia Affiliate Network’s introduction of EAN Package Rates, that gives Expedia affiliates the ability to bundle their inventory with Expedia hotel package rates. In addition, in 2010, we increased our focus on mobile offerings and acquired Mobiata, a mobile application development company, to accelerate these efforts.
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We intend to continue innovating on behalf of our travelers, suppliers and advertisers with particular focus on improving the traveler experience, supplier integration and presentation, platform improvements, search engine marketing and search engine optimization.
Global Reach. Our Expedia, Hotels.com and TripAdvisor Media Network brands operate both in North America and internationally. We also offer Chinese travelers an array of products and services through our majority ownership in eLong and through our TripAdvisor brands daodao.com and kuxun.cn, and we offer hotels to European-based travelers through Venere. In 2010, approximately 36% of our worldwide gross bookings and 38% of worldwide revenue were international.
Egencia, our corporate travel business, operates in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Asia Pacific region using direct points of sale as well as strategic partnerships. We believe the corporate travel sector represents a significant opportunity for Expedia, and we believe we offer a compelling technology solution to businesses seeking to optimize travel costs and improve their employees’ travel experiences. We intend to continue investing in and expanding the geographic footprint and technology infrastructure of Egencia.
In expanding our global reach, we leverage significant investments in technology, operations, brand building, supplier relationships and other initiatives that we have made since the launch of Expedia.com in 1996. We intend to continue leveraging this investment when launching additional points of sale in new countries, introducing new website features, adding supplier products and services including new business model offerings, as well as proprietary and user-generated content for travelers.
Our scale of operations enhances the value of technology innovations we introduce on behalf of our travelers and suppliers. As an example, our traveler review feature — whereby our travelers have created millions of qualified reviews of hotel properties — is able to accumulate a larger base of reviews due to the higher base of online traffic that frequents our various websites. In addition, our increasing scale enhances our websites’ appeal to travel and non-travel advertisers.
We intend to continue investing in and growing our international points of sale. We anticipate launching points of sale in additional countries where we find large travel markets and rapid growth of online commerce. Future launches may occur under any of our brands, or through acquisition of third-party brands, as in the case of Egencia, eLong, Kuxun and Venere.
Breadth of Product Offering. We offer a comprehensive array of innovative travel products and services to our travelers. We plan to continue improving and growing these offerings, as well as expand them to our worldwide points of sale over time. Travelers can interact with us how and when they prefer, including via our 24/7 1-800 telesales service, which is an integral part of the Company’s appeal to travelers. We offer travelers access to over 130,000 hotels and over 300 airlines in over 200 countries around the world.
Over 60% of our revenue comes from transactions involving the booking of hotel reservations, with less than 15% of our worldwide revenue derived from the sale of airline tickets. We facilitate travel products and services either as stand-alone products or as part of package transactions. We have emphasized growing our merchant hotel and package businesses as these result in higher revenue per transaction; however, we are working to grow our global agency hotel business through our Venere, Expedia and Hotels.com brands. We also seek to continue diversifying our revenue mix beyond core air and hotel products to car rental, destination services, cruise and other product offerings. We have been working toward and will continue to work toward increasing the mix of advertising and media revenue from both the expansion of our TripAdvisor Media Network, as well as increased advertising revenue from our worldwide websites, such as Expedia.com and Hotels.com, which have historically been focused on transaction revenue. In 2010, advertising and media revenue accounted for approximately 13% of worldwide revenue.
Merchant and Agency Business Models
We make travel products and services available both on a stand-alone and package basis, primarily through two business models: the merchant model and the agency model. Under the merchant model, we facilitate the
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booking of hotel rooms, airline seats, car rentals and destination services from our travel suppliers and for such bookings, we are the merchant of record. Under the agency model, we act as an agent in the transaction, passing reservations booked by our travelers to the relevant airline, hotel, car rental company or cruise line.
As merchant of record, we generally have certain latitude to establish prices charged to travelers (as compared to agency transactions). Also, we generally negotiate supply allocation and pricing with our suppliers, which enables us to achieve a higher level of net revenue per transaction as compared to that provided through the agency model.
Through our Expedia-branded websites, travelers can dynamically assemble multiple component travel packages in a single transaction at a lower price as compared to booking each component separately. Packages assembled by travelers through the packaging model on these websites include a merchant hotel component and an air or car component. Travelers select packages based on the total package price, without being provided component pricing. The use of the merchant travel components in packages enables us to make certain travel products available at prices lower than those charged on an individual component basis by travel suppliers without impacting their established pricing and position models. We also offer third-party provided pre-assembled package offerings, primarily through our international points of sale, further broadening our scope of products and services to travelers.
We also sell airline tickets, hotel rooms, cruises and car rentals through our agency business, with airline ticket transactions currently making up the majority of this business. In 2009, we launched Expedia Easy Manage, which is our agency hotel offer for small hotels and hotels in secondary or tertiary cities, which we expect to become a bigger part of our hotel mix over time. Although net revenue per transaction is lower compared to the merchant model, due to the volume of airline tickets sold our agency gross bookings accounted for 59% of total gross bookings for the year ended December 31, 2010.
Relationships with Travel Suppliers, Distribution and Fulfillment Partners
Overview. We make travel products and services available from a variety of large and small commercial airlines, lodging properties, car rental companies, cruise lines and destination service providers. We seek to build and maintain long-term, strategic relationships with travel suppliers and global distribution system (“GDS”) partners. An important component of the success of our business depends on our ability to maintain our existing, as well as build new, relationships with travel suppliers and GDS partners.
Travel Suppliers. We strive to deliver value to our travel suppliers through a wide range of innovative, targeted merchandising and promotional strategies designed to increase their revenue, while simultaneously reducing their marketing transaction and customer service costs. Our Partner Services Group consists mainly of strategic account managers and local market managers who work directly with travel suppliers to increase the marketing of their travel products and brands through our points of sale, including participation in our seasonal and event-driven promotions.
In addition, we have developed proprietary, supplier-oriented technology that streamlines the interaction between some of our websites and hotel central reservation systems, making it easier and more cost-effective for hotels to manage reservations made through our brands. Through this “direct connect” technology, hotels can upload information about available products and services and rates directly from their central reservation systems into our websites, as well as automatically confirm hotel reservations made by our travelers. In the absence of direct connect technology, both of these processes are generally completed manually via a proprietary extranet.
Distribution Partners. GDSs, also referred to as computer reservation services, provide a centralized, comprehensive repository of travel suppliers “content” — such as availability and pricing of seats on various airline point-to-point flights, or “segments.” The GDSs act as intermediaries between the travel suppliers and travel agencies, allowing agents to reserve and book flights, rooms or other travel products.
We use Sabre and to a lesser extent Amadeus and Travelport as our GDS segment providers in order to ensure the widest possible supply of content for our travelers.
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Fulfillment Partners. We outsource a portion of our airline ticket fulfillment functions to third-party suppliers. Such functions include the issuance of airline tickets and related customer services.
Marketing and Promotions
Our marketing programs are intended to build and maintain the value of our various brands, drive traffic and conversion through our various brands and businesses, optimize ongoing traveler acquisition costs and strategically position our brands in relation to one another. Our long-term success and profitability depends on our continued ability to maintain and increase the overall number of traveler transactions in a cost-effective manner.
Our marketing channels primarily include online advertising including search engine marketing and optimization, offline advertising, direct and/or personalized traveler communications on our websites as well as through direct e-mail communication with our travelers. Our marketing programs and initiatives include promotional offers such as coupons as well as seasonal or periodic special offers from our travel suppliers based on our supplier relationships. In addition, we offer several traveler loyalty programs to our worldwide travelers, including welcomerewards on Hotels.com and, beginning in 2011, Expedia Rewards on Expedia.com.
We also make use of affiliate marketing. The Expedia.com and Hotels.com-branded websites receive bookings from consumers who have clicked-through to the respective websites through links posted on affiliate partner websites. We have agreements with thousands of third-party affiliate partners, including a number of leading travel companies, pursuant to which we pay a commission for bookings originated from their websites. Affiliate partners can make travel products and services available through an Expedia-branded website, a co-branded website or their own private label website. We also provide our affiliates with technology and access to a wide range of products and services.
Operations and Technology
We provide 24-hour-a-day, seven-day-a-week traveler sales and support by telephone or via e-mail. For purposes of operational flexibility, we use a combination of outsourced and in-house call centers. Our call centers are located throughout the world, including extensive outsourced operations in the Philippines, El Salvador and Egypt. We have made significant investments in our call center technologies in 2008 through 2010 and have plans to continue these investments going forward.
Our systems infrastructure and web and database servers are housed in various locations, mainly in the United States, which have communication links as well as 24-hour monitoring and engineering support. The web hosting facilities have their own generators and multiple back-up systems. Significant amounts of our owned computer hardware for operating the websites are located at these facilities. For some critical systems, we have both production and disaster-recovery facilities.
We have developed innovative technology to power our global travel marketplace. For example, our Best Fare Search technology essentially deconstructs segment feeds in the United States from GDS partners for air flight searches and recommends the best way to re-assemble multi-leg itineraries so that they are less expensive and more flexible for the traveler. We have recently made significant investments related to platform improvements, for example migrating our Hotels.com business onto a single platform, new hotel search capabilities, international site expansion, a variety of customer facing improvements across our brands, and new and increased data center capabilities. We expect to continue to invest in technology improvements into 2011 and beyond.
Competition
Our brands compete in rapidly evolving and intensely competitive markets. We believe the relatively low percentage of total travel sales transacted online, particularly in international markets, indicates that these markets represent especially large opportunities for Expedia and those of its competitors that wish to expand their brands and businesses abroad.
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Our competition, which is strong and increasing, includes online and offline travel companies that target leisure and corporate travelers including travel agencies, tour operators, travel supplier direct websites and their call centers, consolidators and wholesalers of travel products and services, search engines, such as Google and Bing, and travel meta-search engines. We face these competitors in local, regional, national and/or international markets. In some cases, competitors are offering favorable terms and improved interfaces to suppliers and travelers which make competition increasingly difficult.
We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brands is a critical component of our effort to compete. We differentiate our brands from our competitors primarily based on quality and breadth of travel products, channel features and usability, price or promotional offers, traveler service and quality of travel planning content and advice. The emphasis on one or more of these factors varies, depending on the brand or business and the related target demographic.
Our brands face increasing competition from travel supplier direct websites. In some cases, supplier direct channels offer advantages to travelers, such as long standing loyalty programs, no transaction fees and better pricing. Our websites feature travel products and services from numerous travel suppliers, and allow travelers to combine products and services from multiple providers in one transaction. We face competition from airlines, hotels, rental car companies, cruise operators and other travel service providers, whether working individually or collectively, some of which are suppliers to our websites. Our business is generally sensitive to changes in the competitive landscape, including the emergence of new competitors or business models, and supplier consolidation.
Intellectual Property Rights
We regard our intellectual property rights, including our patents, service marks, trademarks, domain names, copyrights, trade secrets and other intellectual property, as critical to our success. For example, we rely heavily upon the software code, informational databases and other components that make up our travel planning service.
We rely on a combination of laws, business practices and contractual obligations with employees, suppliers, affiliates and others to establish and protect our trade secrets. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third-party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our trade secrets or our intellectual property without authorization which, if discovered, might require the uncertainty of legal action to correct. In addition, there can be no assurance that others will not independently and lawfully develop substantially similar properties.
We maintain our trademark portfolio by filing trademark applications with the appropriate international trademark offices, maintaining our current registrations, securing contractual trademark rights when appropriate, and relying on common law trademark rights when appropriate. We also register domain names as we deem appropriate. We protect our trademarks and domain names with an enforcement program and use of trademark licenses. While we seek to protect our trademarks and domain names, effective trademark and domain name protection may not be available or may not be sought by us for every trademark and domain name used in every country, and contractual disputes may affect the use of trademarks and domain names governed by private contract. In addition, our infringement monitoring resources may not locate every trademark or domain name infringement that exists. Similarly, not every variation of a domain name may be available, or may be registered by us, even if available. The failure to protect our intellectual property in a meaningful manner, or challenges to our intellectual property rights, could materially adversely affect our business, result in erosion of our brand names and/or limit our ability to control marketing on or through the internet using our various domain names.
We have considered, and will continue to consider, the appropriateness of filing for patents to protect future inventions, as circumstances may warrant. However, many patents protect only specific inventions and there can be no assurance that others may not create new products or methods that achieve similar results without infringing upon patents owned by us.
From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of our business, including claims of alleged infringement by us of the trademarks, copyrights, patents and other intellectual property rights of third-parties. In addition, litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our
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intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any such litigation, regardless of outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could materially harm our business.
Regulation
We must comply with laws and regulations relating to the travel industry and the provision of travel services, including registration in various states as “sellers of travel” and compliance with certain disclosure requirements and participation in state restitution funds. In addition, our businesses are subject to regulation by the U.S. Department of Transportation and must comply with various rules and regulations governing the provision of air transportation, including those relating to advertising and accessibility.
As we continue to expand the reach of our brands into the European, Asia-Pacific and other international markets, we are increasingly subject to laws and regulations applicable to travel agents in those markets, including, in some countries, laws regulating the provision of travel packages and industry specific value-added tax regimes. For example, the European Economic Community Council Directive on Package Travel Package Holidays and Package Tours imposes various obligations upon marketers of travel packages, such as disclosure obligations to consumers and liability to consumers for improper performance of the package, including supplier failure.
Financial Information about Segments and Geographic Areas
We generate our revenue through a diverse customer base, and there is no reliance on a single customer or small group of customers; no customer represented 10% or more of our total revenue in the periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We have three reportable segments: Leisure, the TripAdvisor Media Network and Egencia. The segment and geographic information required herein is contained in Note 17 — Segment Information, in the notes to our consolidated financial statements
Additional Information
Company Website and Public Filings. We maintain a corporate website at www.expediainc.com. Except as explicitly noted, the information on our website, as well as the websites of our various brands and businesses, is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or in any other filings with, or in any information furnished or submitted to, the SEC.
We make available, free of charge through our website, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.
Code of Ethics. We post our code of business conduct and ethics, which applies to all employees, including all executive officers, senior financial officers and directors, on our corporate website at www.expediainc.com. Our code of business conduct and ethics complies with Item 406 of SEC Regulation S-K and the rules of NASDAQ. We intend to disclose any changes to the code that affect the provisions required by Item 406 of Regulation S-K, and any waivers of the code of ethics for our executive officers, senior financial officers or directors, on our corporate website.
Employees
As of December 31, 2010, we employed approximately 8,900 full-time and part-time employees, including approximately 1,860 employees of eLong. We believe we have good relationships with our employees, including relationships with employees represented by works councils or other similar organizations.
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You should carefully consider each of the following risks and uncertainties associated with our company and the ownership of our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business and/or financial performance.
We operate in an increasingly competitive global environment.
The market for the services we offer is increasingly and intensely competitive. We compete with both established and emerging online and traditional sellers of travel-related services, including online travel agencies, travel suppliers, large online portal and search companies, traditional travel agencies, metasearch companies, operators of travel industry reservation databases and private shopping websites. Some of our competitors, including travel suppliers such as airlines and hotels, may offer products and services on more favorable terms, including lower prices, no fees or unique access to proprietary loyalty programs, such as points and miles. Many of these competitors, such as airlines, hotel and rental car companies, have been steadily focusing on increasing online demand on their own websites in lieu of third-party distributors such as the various Expedia sites. For instance, some low cost airlines, which are having increasing success in the marketplace, distribute their online supply exclusively through their own websites. Suppliers who sell on their own websites, in some instances, offer advantages such as increased or exclusive product availability and their own bonus miles or loyalty points, which could make their offerings more attractive to consumers than ours. In recent years, social media websites and mobile platforms have emerged and are growing significantly. We cannot be certain that we will be able to compete effectively on these or other new sites or platforms that may emerge.
We face increasing competition from other online travel agencies, such as Priceline, Travelocity and Orbitz, which in some cases may have more favorable offerings for both travelers and suppliers, including pricing, connectivity and supply breadth. In particular, we have faced and are facing intense competition from Priceline subsidiaries, Booking.com and Agoda.com. We also compete with other travel agencies for both travelers and the acquisition and retention of supply. Increasing competition from current and emerging competitors, the introduction of new technologies and the expansion of existing technologies, such as metasearch and other search engine technologies, may force us to make changes to our business models, which could affect our financial performance and liquidity. Increased competition has resulted in and may continue to result in reduced margins, as well as loss of travelers, transactions and brand recognition.
Our websites, including in particular the TripAdvisor Media Network websites, also compete for advertising revenue with search engines like Google, Bing and Yahoo! Search that offer pay-per-click or pay-per-impression advertising services, as well as large internet portal sites that offer listing or other advertising opportunities for travel-related companies. These competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources and large client bases. In addition, we compete with newspapers, magazines and other traditional media companies that provide offline and online advertising opportunities. We expect to face additional competition as other established and emerging companies enter the online advertising market. Competition could result in higher traffic acquisitions costs, reduced margins on our advertising services, loss of market share, reduced customer traffic to our websites and reduced advertising by travel companies on our websites. For example, Google, through its launch of Google Places and its proposed acquisition of ITA Software, if completed, as well as Bing, through its launch of Bing Travel, each took steps during 2010 to appeal more directly to travel customers, which could lead to diversion of customer traffic to their own websites or those of a favored partner, or undermine our ability to obtain prominent placement in paid or unpaid search results at a reasonable cost, or at all. In addition, if one or more large search engine begins to facilitate travel transactions on its own websites, it could also adversely affect our results.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against any current, emerging and future competitors or provide differentiated products and services to our traveler base.
Declines or disruptions in the travel industry could adversely affect our business and financial performance.
Our business and financial performance are affected by the health of the worldwide travel industry. Travel expenditures are sensitive to personal and business discretionary spending levels and tend to decline or grow
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more slowly during economic downturns. Beginning in 2008, domestic and global economic conditions deteriorated rapidly resulting in increased unemployment and a reduction in available financial capital for both business and leisure travelers, which slowed spending on the services we provide. Further economic weakness and uncertainty may result in significantly decreased spending on our services by both business and leisure travelers, which may have a material adverse impact on our business and financial performance.
Our business is also sensitive to fluctuations in hotel occupancy and average daily rates, decreases in airline capacity or periodically rising airline ticket prices, all of which we have recently experienced. Events specific to the air travel industry that could negatively affect our business also include fare increases, continued carrier consolidation, reduced access to airfares, travel-related strikes or labor unrest, bankruptcies or liquidations and increases in fuel prices. Additionally, our business is sensitive to safety concerns, and thus our business has in the past and may in the future decline after incidents of actual or threatened terrorism, during periods of political instability or geopolitical conflict in which travelers become concerned about safety issues, as a result of natural disasters or events such as severe weather conditions, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes or earthquakes or when travel might involve health-related risks, such as the H1N1 and avian flu outbreaks. Such concerns could result in a protracted decrease in demand for our travel services. This decrease in demand, depending on its scope and duration, together with any future issues affecting travel safety, could significantly and adversely affect our business, working capital and financial performance over the short and long-term. In addition, the disruption of the existing travel plans of a significant number of travelers upon the occurrence of certain events, such as severe weather conditions, actual or threatened terrorist activity or war, could result in the incurrence of significant additional costs and constrained liquidity if we, as we have done recently in the case of severe weather conditions, provide relief to affected travelers by refunding the price or fees associated with airline tickets, hotel reservations and other travel products and services.
Our business depends on our relationships with travel suppliers and travel supplier intermediaries.
An important component of our business success depends on our ability to maintain and expand relationships with travel suppliers and GDS partners. A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from compensation negotiated with travel suppliers and GDS partners for bookings made through our websites. Over the last several years, air and hotel travel suppliers have generally reduced or in some cases eliminated payments to travel agents and other travel intermediaries. In addition, our hotel remuneration varies with the room rates paid by travelers (Average Daily Rates, or “ADRs”), meaning that our revenue for each room will generally be proportionately higher or lower depending on the level of the ADR. For example, the significant decline in ADRs, which began in late 2008 and continued through 2009, negatively impacted our hotel booking revenue. In addition, ADRs on our websites generally declined faster than in the overall travel industry due to a number of factors including the increased use of our distribution channels for promotional activities by hotels. To the extent ADRs decline in the future, our hotel booking revenue may be negatively impacted.
Also, each year we typically negotiate or renegotiate numerous long-term airline and hotel contracts. No assurances can be given that GDS partners or travel suppliers will not further reduce or eliminate compensation, attempt to implement direct connections, charge travel agencies for or otherwise restrict access to content, credit card fees or other services, or further reduce their ADRs, any of which could reduce our revenue and margins thereby adversely affecting our business and financial performance. Recently, some airlines have begun to charge separately for checked baggage, food, beverages and other services. GDSs have limited ability to incorporate these elements into our product selection, impacting our product display and comparability with the airlines own sites or other channels that show this content detail. In late 2010, American Airlines began to pursue a new distribution strategy requiring online travel agents to agree to connect directly to American Airlines’ systems, rather than through GDSs, and our contract with American Airlines expired without renewal resulting in their fares being removed from our leisure travel sites. If we cannot reach a new agreement with American Airlines or if other airlines pursue a similar distribution strategy, it could reduce our access to air inventory, reduce our compensation, result in additional operating expenses related to the development, implementation and maintenance of the necessary technology systems, increase the frequency or duration of system problems and delay other projects.
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We rely on the value of our brands, and the costs of maintaining and enhancing our brand awareness are increasing.
We believe continued investment in our brands, including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire, Egencia, eLong, Venere and the TripAdvisor Media Network, is critical to retaining and expanding our traveler, supplier and advertiser bases. We have spent, and expect to continue having to spend, more to maintain our brands’ value due to a variety of factors. These include increased spending from our competitors, the increasing costs of supporting multiple brands, expansion into geographies and products where our brands are less well known, inflation in media pricing including search engine keywords and the continued emergence and relative traffic share growth of search engines and metasearch engines as destination sites for travelers. We have spent considerable financial and human resources to date on the establishment and maintenance of our brands, and we will continue to invest in, and devote resources to, advertising and marketing, as well as other brand building efforts to preserve and enhance consumer awareness of our brands. We may not be able to successfully maintain or enhance consumer awareness of our brands, and, even if we are successful in our branding efforts, such efforts may not be cost-effective, or as cost-effective as they have been historically. If we are unable to maintain or enhance consumer awareness of our brands and generate demand in a cost-effective manner, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial performance.
Our business could be negatively affected by changes in search engine algorithms and dynamics, or search engine disintermediation.
We increasingly utilize internet search engines such as Google, principally through the purchase of travel-related keywords, to generate traffic to our websites. Search engines, including Google, frequently update and change the logic that determines the placement and display of results of a user’s search, such that the purchased or algorithmic placement of links to our websites can be negatively affected. In addition, a significant amount of traffic is directed to our websites through our participation in pay-per-click and display advertising campaigns on internet media properties and search engines whose pricing and operating dynamics can experience rapid change, both technically and competitively. If a major search engine changes its algorithms in a manner that negatively affects the search engine ranking, paid or unpaid, of our websites or that of our third-party distribution partners, or if competitive dynamics further impact market pricing in a negative manner, our business and financial performance would be adversely affected.
In addition, to the extent Google, Bing or other leading search or meta-search engines disintermediate online travel agencies or travel content providers by offering comprehensive travel planning or shopping capabilities, or refer those leads to suppliers directly, or to other favored partners, there could be a material adverse impact on our business and financial performance. For example, during 2010 Google announced its intention to acquire flight search technology company ITA Software and separately made changes to its hotel search results, including promoting the use of Google Places. To the extent these actions have a negative effect on our search traffic, our business and financial performance would be adversely affected.
We rely on information technology to operate our businesses and maintain our competitiveness, and any failure to adapt to technological developments or industry trends could harm our business.
We depend on the use of sophisticated information technologies and systems, including technology and systems used for reservations, communications, procurement and administration. As our operations grow in both size and scope, we must continuously improve and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to offer an increasing number of travelers enhanced products, services, features and functionality, while maintaining the reliability and integrity of our systems and infrastructure. Our future success also depends on our ability to adapt our services and infrastructure to meet rapidly evolving consumer trends and demands while continuing to improve the performance, features and reliability of our service in response to competitive service and product offerings. New developments in areas, such as cloud computing, could also make it easier for competition to enter our markets due to lower up-front technology costs.
In addition, we may not be able to maintain our existing systems or replace or introduce new technologies and systems as quickly as we would like or in a cost-effective manner. We have been engaged in a multi-year
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effort, which we expect to continue for several more years, to migrate key portions of our site functionality to new technology platforms to enable us to introduce innovation more rapidly, achieve better search engine optimization and improve our site merchandising and transaction processing capabilities, among other anticipated benefits. These migrations have been more time consuming and expensive than originally anticipated, and the resources devoted to those efforts have adversely affected our ability to develop new site innovations. Continued delays or difficulties in implementing new or enhanced systems may keep us from achieving the desired results in a timely manner, to the extent anticipated, or at all. In addition, during the migration process the sites may experience reduced functionality and decreases in conversion rates. Also, we may be unable to devote financial resources to new technologies and systems in the future. If any of these events occur, our business and financial performance could suffer.
Our international operations involve additional risks and our exposure to these risks will increase as our business expands globally.
We operate in a number of jurisdictions outside of the United States and intend to continue to expand our international presence. To achieve widespread acceptance in the countries and markets we enter, we must continue to tailor our services and business model to the unique circumstances of such countries and markets, including travel supplier relationships and traveler preferences. Learning the customs and cultures of various countries, particularly with respect to travel patterns and practices, can be difficult, costly and divert management and personnel resources. Our failure to adapt our practices and models effectively to the traveler and supplier preferences of each country into which we expand could slow our international growth.
Our investments in China create particular risks and uncertainties relating to the laws in China. We have two principal businesses operating in China: eLong, an online transactional travel business; and TripAdvisor China, which operates a media site under the brand daodao.com and a metasearch site under the brand kuxun.cn. The success of these businesses and any future investments we make in China are subject to risks and uncertainties regarding the application, development and interpretation of China’s laws and regulations. Significant uncertainties exist regarding the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations including permits and license requirements, and such uncertainties could limit the available legal protections relating to our investments. Moreover, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in China’s legal system, particularly with respect to the travel industry, the internet and online commerce, media, foreign investment, taxation, labor, and currency exchange and regulation, including the introduction of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement of current or future laws and regulations. In addition, the laws and regulations of China restrict foreign investment in areas including air-ticketing, travel agency, internet content provision, mobile communication and related businesses. Although we have established effective control through a series of agreements between the companies in which our Chinese investments are held and their affiliated Chinese entities, future developments in the interpretation or enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations or a dispute relating to these agreements could restrict our ability to operate or restructure these entities or to engage in strategic transactions. Capitalization of our Chinese entities is also subject to extensive government oversight and regulation and there can be no assurance we can provide adequate financing for these entities. Finally, China does not have treaties with the United States or most other western countries providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts. As a result, court judgments obtained in jurisdictions with which China does not have treaties on reciprocal recognition of judgment may be difficult or impossible to enforce in China.
Other risks we face as a result of our international operations include:
| • | Political instability; |
| • | Threatened or actual acts of terrorism; |
| • | Regulatory requirements, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and newly enacted U.K. Bribery Act, data privacy requirements, labor laws and anti-competition regulations; |
| • | Our ability to comply with additional U.S. laws applicable to U.S. companies operating internationally as well as local laws and regulations; |
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| • | Diminished ability to legally enforce our contractual rights; |
| • | Increased risk and limits on our ability to enforce intellectual property rights; |
| • | Possible preferences by local populations for local providers; |
| • | Restrictions on, or adverse consequences related to, the withdrawal of non-U.S. investment and earnings; |
| • | Currency exchange restrictions; |
| • | Restrictions on our ability to repatriate cash as well as restrictions on our ability to invest in our operations in certain countries; |
| • | Exchange rate fluctuations; |
| • | Financial risk arising from transactions in multiple currencies, including our failure to adequately manage those risks; |
| • | Slower adoption of the internet as an advertising, broadcast and commerce medium in those markets as compared to the United States; and |
| • | Difficulties in managing staffing and operations due to distance, time zones, language and cultural differences. |
We rely on the performance of highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire, retain and motivate qualified personnel, our business would be harmed.
Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. In particular, the contributions of Barry Diller, our Chairman and Senior Executive, and Dara Khosrowshahi, our Chief Executive Officer, are critical to the overall management of the company. Our future success will depend on the performance of our senior management and key employees. Expedia cannot ensure that it will be able to retain the services of Mr. Diller, Mr. Khosrowshahi or any other member of our senior management or key employees, the loss of whom could seriously harm our business. Competition for well-qualified employees in certain aspects of our business, including software engineers, developers and other technology professionals, also remains intense.
Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to attract new employees and to retain and motivate our existing employees. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining or motivating existing employees, our business would be adversely affected. We do not maintain any key person life insurance policies.
We have in the past and may again in the future, restructure portions of our global workforce to simplify and streamline our organization, improve our cost structure and strengthen our overall businesses. These changes could affect employee morale and productivity and be disruptive to our business and financial performance.
Our stock price is highly volatile.
The market price of our common stock is highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors such as the following, some of which are beyond our control:
| • | Quarterly variations in our operating results; |
| • | Operating results that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors; |
| • | Changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors; |
| • | Rating agency credit rating actions; |
| • | Reaction to our earnings releases and conference calls, or presentations by executives at investor and industry conferences; |
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| • | Changes in our capital structure; |
| • | Changes in market valuations of other internet or online service companies; |
| • | Announcements of dividends or changes in the amount or frequency of our dividends; |
| • | Announcements of technological innovations or new services by us or our competitors; |
| • | Announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
| • | Loss of a major travel supplier, such as an airline or hotel chain; |
| • | Changes in the status of our intellectual property rights; |
| • | Lack of success in the expansion of our business model geographically; |
| • | Announcements by third parties of significant claims or proceedings against us or adverse developments in pending proceedings; |
| • | Additions or departures of key personnel; |
| • | Rumors or public speculation about any of the above factors; and |
| • | Price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets in general. |
Volatility in our stock price could also make us less attractive to certain investors, and/or invite speculative trading in our common stock or debt instruments.
Changing laws, rules and regulations and legal uncertainties may adversely affect our business or financial performance.
Our business and financial performance could be adversely affected by unfavorable changes in or interpretations of existing, or the promulgation of new laws, rules and regulations applicable to us and our businesses, including those relating to the internet and online commerce, consumer protection and privacy. Such unfavorable changes could decrease demand for products and services, increase costs and/or subject us to additional liabilities. For example, there is, and will likely continue to be, an increasing number of laws and regulations pertaining to the internet and online commerce, which may relate to liability for information retrieved from or transmitted over the internet, user privacy, taxation and the quality of products and services. Furthermore, the growth and development of online commerce may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws that may impose additional burdens on online businesses generally.
Adverse application of existing tax laws, rules or regulations or implementation of new unfavorable tax laws, rules or regulations, could have an adverse effect on our business and financial performance.
The application of various domestic and international sales, use, occupancy, value-added and other tax laws, rules and regulations to our historical and new products and services is subject to interpretation by the applicable taxing authorities. Many of the fundamental statutes and regulations that impose these taxes were established before the growth of the internet and e-commerce. If the tax laws, rules and regulations were amended, if new unfavorable laws, rules or regulations were adopted, as has recently occurred in certain jurisdictions, or if current laws are interpreted adversely to our interests, particularly with respect to occupancy or value-added taxes, the results could increase our tax payments (prospectively or retrospectively) and/or subject us to interest and/or penalties and decrease the demand for our products and services if we pass on such costs to the consumer. As a result, these changes could have an adverse affect on our businesses or financial performance.
A number of tax authorities have brought lawsuits and have levied assessments asserting that we are required to collect and remit hotel occupancy taxes. In addition, we have in the past and may in the future be required in certain jurisdictions to pay tax assessments, which may be substantial, prior to contesting the validity of such assessments. This requirement is commonly referred to as “pay-to-play.” Payment of these amounts is not an admission that the taxpayer believes it is subject to such taxes. We continue to work with relevant tax authorities and legislators to clarify our obligations under existing, new and emerging laws and regulations.
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There have been, and will continue to be, substantial ongoing costs, which may include “pay-to-play” payments or surety bond postings, associated with complying with, and defending our position regarding, the various indirect tax ordinances in the numerous markets in which we conduct or will conduct business.
We are involved in various legal proceedings and may experience unfavorable outcomes, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
We are involved in various legal proceedings, including, but not limited to, the legal proceedings described in Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings, that involve claims for substantial amounts of money or for other relief or that might necessitate changes to our business or operations. The defense of these actions is and may continue to be both time consuming and expensive. If these legal proceedings were to result in an unfavorable outcome, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial performance.
Provisions in certain credit card processing agreements could adversely affect our liquidity and financial positions.
We have agreements with companies that process customer credit card transactions for the facilitation of customer bookings of travel services from our travel suppliers. These agreements allow these processing companies, under certain conditions, to hold an amount of our cash (referred to as a “holdback”) or require us to post a letter of credit equal to a portion of bookings that have been processed by that company. These processing companies may be entitled to a holdback upon the occurrence of specified events, including material adverse changes in our financial condition, or for certain companies, at their discretion. An imposition of a holdback by one or more of our processing companies could materially reduce our liquidity.
We may also be held liable for accepting fraudulent credit cards on our websites for transactions where we are merchant of record as well as other payment disputes with our customers. Additionally, we are held liable for accepting fraudulent credit cards in certain retail transactions when we do not act as merchant of record. Accordingly, we calculate and record an allowance for the resulting credit card charge backs. If we are unable to combat the use of fraudulent credit cards on our websites, our results of operations and financial positions could be materially adversely affected.
Our effective tax rate is impacted by a number of factors that could have a material impact on our financial results and could increase the volatility of those results.
Due to the global nature of our business, we are subject to income taxes in the United States and many different countries. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We regularly are under audit by tax authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit could have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made.
In addition, we earn an increasing portion of our income, and accumulate a greater portion of our cash flow, in foreign jurisdictions. Any repatriation of funds currently held in foreign jurisdictions may result in higher effective tax rates for the company. In addition, there have been proposals to amend U.S. tax laws that would significantly impact the manner in which U.S. companies are taxed on foreign earnings. Although we cannot predict whether or in what form any legislation will pass, if enacted, it could have a material adverse impact on our U.S. tax expense and our cash flows.
We may be unable to access capital when necessary or desirable.
The availability of funds depends in significant measure on capital markets and liquidity factors over which we exert no control. In light of periodic uncertainty in the capital and credit markets, we can provide no assurance that sufficient financing will be available on desirable or even any terms to fund investments, acquisitions, stock repurchases, dividends, debt refinancing or extraordinary actions or that our counterparties in any such financings would honor their contractual commitments. In addition, any downgrade of our debt ratings
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by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s Investor Service or similar ratings agencies, increases in general interest rate levels or weakening in the credit markets could increase our cost of capital. More recent capital markets experience suggests credit spreads can be significantly higher for companies with lower credit ratings, impacting returns for bondholders and increasing the cost of potential future debt issuances.
In addition, we have experienced, and may experience, declines in seasonal liquidity and capital provided by our merchant hotel business, which has historically provided a meaningful portion of our operating cash flow. The extent of such impact is dependent on several factors, including the rate of growth of our merchant hotel business, payment terms with suppliers and relative growth of businesses which consume rather than generate working capital, such as our agency hotel, advertising and managed corporate travel businesses. We are also accumulating a greater portion of our cash flow in foreign jurisdictions than we had previously and the repatriation of such funds for use in the United States, including for corporate purposes such as acquisitions, stock repurchases, dividends or debt refinancings, may result in additional U.S. income tax expense. We also continue to evaluate the use of the agency model versus the merchant model in each of our markets and any change in our relative use of the agency model could have a materially adverse impact on our working capital and liquidity position.
System interruption and the lack of redundancy in our information systems may harm our businesses.
We rely on computer systems to facilitate and process transactions. We have experienced and may in the future experience system interruptions that make some or all of these systems unavailable or prevent us from efficiently fulfilling orders or providing services to third parties. Significant interruptions, outages or delays in our systems, or deterioration in their performance, would impair our ability to process transactions and decrease our quality of service that we can offer to our travelers. These interruptions could include security intrusions and attacks on our systems for fraud or service interruption (called “denial of service” or “bot” attacks). If we were to experience frequent or persistent system failures, our reputation and brands could be harmed.
In addition, we do not have backup systems or contingency plans for certain critical aspects of our operations or business processes, many other systems are not fully redundant and our disaster recovery or business continuity planning may not be sufficient. Fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, break-ins, earthquakes, acts of war or terrorism, acts of God, computer viruses, electronic intrusion attempts from both external and internal sources and similar events or disruptions may damage or impact or interrupt computer or communications systems or business processes at any time. Although we have put measures in place to protect certain portions of our facilities and assets, any of these events could cause system interruption, delays and loss of critical data, and could prevent us from providing services to our travelers and/or third parties for a significant period of time. Remediation may be costly and we may not have adequate insurance to cover such costs. Moreover, the costs of enhancing infrastructure to attain improved stability and redundancy may be time consuming and expensive and may require resources and expertise that are difficult to obtain.
Mr. Diller currently controls Expedia. If Mr. Diller ceases to control the company, Liberty Media Corporation may effectively control the company.
Subject to the terms of a Stockholders Agreement between Mr. Diller and Liberty Media Corporation, Mr. Diller holds an irrevocable proxy to vote shares of Expedia stock held by Liberty. Accordingly, Mr. Diller effectively controls the outcome of all matters submitted to a vote or for the consent of our stockholders (other than with respect to the election by the holders of common stock of 25% of the members of the Board of Directors and matters as to which Delaware law requires a separate class vote). Upon Mr. Diller’s permanent departure from Expedia, the irrevocable proxy would terminate and depending on the capitalization of Expedia at such time, Liberty could effectively control the voting power of our capital stock. Mr. Diller, through shares he owns beneficially as well as those subject to the irrevocable proxy, controlled approximately 61% of the combined voting power of the outstanding Expedia capital stock as of December 31, 2010.
In addition, under a Governance Agreement among Mr. Diller, Liberty Media Corporation and Expedia, Inc., as amended, each of Mr. Diller and Liberty generally has the right to consent to limited matters in the event that we incur debt such that our ratio of total debt to EBITDA, as defined in the Governance Agreement, equals
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or exceeds 8:1 over a continuous 12-month period. We cannot assure you that Mr. Diller and Liberty will consent to any such matter at a time when we are highly leveraged, in which case we would not be able to engage in such transactions or take such actions.
As a result of Mr. Diller’s ownership interests and voting power, and Liberty’s ownership interests and voting power upon Mr. Diller’s permanent departure from us, Mr. Diller is currently, and in the future Liberty may be, in a position to control or influence significant corporate actions, including, corporate transactions such as mergers, business combinations or dispositions of assets and determinations with respect to our significant business direction and policies. This concentrated control could discourage others from initiating any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transaction that may otherwise be beneficial to us.
Actual or potential conflicts of interest may develop between Expedia management and directors, on the one hand, and the management and directors of IAC, on the other.
Mr. Diller serves as our Chairman of the Board of Directors and Senior Executive, while retaining his role as Chairman of the Board of Directors and Senior Executive of IAC, and Mr. Kaufman serves as Vice Chairman of both Expedia and IAC. The fact that Messrs. Diller and Kaufman hold positions with both companies and own both IAC and Expedia stock could create, or appear to create, potential conflicts of interest for each of Messrs. Diller and Kaufman when facing decisions that may affect both IAC and Expedia. Both Messrs. Diller and Kaufman may also face conflicts of interest with regard to the allocation of their time between IAC and Expedia.
Our certificate of incorporation provides that no officer or director of Expedia who is also an officer or director of IAC will be liable to Expedia or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of the fact that any such individual directs a corporate opportunity to IAC instead of Expedia, or does not communicate information regarding a corporate opportunity to Expedia because the officer or director has directed the corporate opportunity to IAC. This corporate opportunity provision may have the effect of exacerbating the risk of conflicts of interest between IAC and Expedia because the provision effectively shields an overlapping director/executive officer from liability for breach of fiduciary duty in the event that such director or officer chooses to direct a corporate opportunity to IAC instead of Expedia.
We rely on third-parties for many systems and services.
We rely on third-party service providers for certain customer care, fulfillment, processing, systems development, technology and other services. If these third-parties experience difficulty meeting our requirements or standards, it could damage our reputation or make it difficult for us to operate some aspects of our business. In addition, if such third-party service providers were to cease operations, temporarily or permanently, face financial distress or other business disruption, we could suffer increased costs and delays in our ability to provide similar services until an equivalent service provider could be found or we could develop replacement technology or operations. In addition, we rely increasingly on outsourced providers of traveler care and information technology services. If we are unsuccessful in choosing high quality partners or we ineffectively manage these partners, it could have an adverse impact on our business and financial performance.
We have significant long-term indebtedness, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
As of December 31, 2010, the face value of our long-term indebtedness totaled $1.6 billion. Risks relating to our long-term indebtedness include:
| • | Increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; |
| • | Requiring us to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments and other general corporate purposes; |
| • | Making it difficult for us to optimally capitalize and manage the cash flow for our businesses; |
| • | Limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our businesses and the markets in which we operate; |
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| • | Possible refinancing risk if certain of our senior note issues are put by holders in 2013; |
| • | Placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and |
| • | Limiting our ability to borrow additional funds or to borrow funds at rates or on other terms we find acceptable. |
In addition, it is possible that we may need to incur additional indebtedness in the future in the ordinary course of business. The terms of our credit facility and the indentures governing our outstanding senior notes allow us to incur additional debt subject to certain limitations. If new debt is added to current debt levels, the risks described above could intensify.
The agreements governing our indebtedness contain various covenants that limit our discretion in the operation of our business and also require us to meet financial maintenance tests and other covenants. The failure to comply with such tests and covenants could have a material adverse effect on us.
The agreements governing our indebtedness contain various covenants, including those that restrict our ability to, among other things:
| • | Borrow money, and guarantee or provide other support for indebtedness of third parties including guarantees; |
| • | Pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase our capital stock; |
| • | Make investments in entities that we do not control, including joint ventures; |
| • | Enter into certain asset sale transactions, including partial or full spin-off transactions; |
| • | Enter into secured financing arrangements; |
| • | Enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and |
| • | Enter into unrelated businesses. |
These covenants may limit our ability to effectively operate our businesses or maximize stockholder value.
In addition, our credit facility requires that we meet certain financial tests, including an interest coverage test and a leverage ratio test.
Any failure to comply with the restrictions of our credit facility or any agreement governing our other indebtedness may result in an event of default under those agreements. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt, which acceleration may trigger cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions in other debt. In addition, lenders may be able to terminate any commitments they had made to supply us with further funds (including periodic rollovers of existing borrowings).
We have foreign exchange risk.
We conduct a significant and growing portion of our business outside the United States. As a result, we face exposure to movements in currency exchange rates, particularly those related to the euro, British pound sterling, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar and Chinese renminbi.
These exposures include but are not limited to re-measurement gains and losses from changes in the value of foreign denominated assets and liabilities; translation gains and losses on foreign subsidiary financial results that are translated into U.S. dollars upon consolidation; fluctuations in merchant hotel revenue due to relative currency movements from the time of booking to the time of stay; planning risk related to changes in exchange rates between the time we prepare our annual and quarterly forecasts and when actual results occur; and the impact of relative exchange rate movements on cross-border travel such as from Europe to the United States and the United States to Europe.
Depending on the size of the exposures and the relative movements of exchange rates, if we choose not to hedge or fail to hedge effectively our exposure, we could experience a material adverse effect on our financial
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statements and financial condition. As we have seen in some recent periods, in the event of severe volatility in exchange rates these exposures can increase, and the impact on our results of operations can be more pronounced. In addition, the current environment, and the increasingly global nature of our business has made hedging these exposures both more complex and costly. We have increased and plan to continue increasing the scope, complexity and duration of our foreign exchange risk management, including the use of forward contracts to hedge a portion of our exposures. We make a number of estimates in conducting hedging activities including in some cases the level of future bookings, cancellations, refunds, customer stay patterns and payments in foreign currencies. In the event those estimates differ significantly from actual results, we could experience greater volatility as a result of our hedging activities.
We are exposed to various counterparty risks.
We are exposed to the risk of failure to perform by various financial counterparties, including for our insurance coverages, investments, bank deposits, letters of credit and foreign exchange risk management. As it relates to foreign exchange, we employ forward contracts to hedge a portion of our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. As of December 31, 2010, we were party to forward contracts with a notional value of approximately $96 million and the fair value of which was approximately $1.4 million. The counterparties to these contracts were JPMorgan Chase, Barclays, Royal Bank of Scotland, Banc of America, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Royal Bank of Canada and BNP Paribas. Upon the maturity of these or subsequent contracts, the counterparties are potentially obligated to pay us net settlement values. If any of these counterparties were to liquidate, declare bankruptcy or otherwise cease operations, it may not be able to satisfy its obligations under these forward contracts. In addition, due to the weakening economy we also face increased credit risk and payment delays from our non-financial contract counterparties.
Our processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal data could give rise to liabilities as a result of governmental regulation, conflicting legal requirements, differing views of personal privacy rights, or data security breaches.
In the processing of our traveler transactions, we receive and store a large volume of personally identifiable information and we rely on information collected online for purposes of advertising to visitors to our websites. This information is increasingly subject to legislation, regulations and industry policies in numerous jurisdictions around the world. These requirements and restrictions are not necessarily consistently applied. This government and industry action is typically intended to protect the privacy and security of information that is collected, processed and transmitted in or from the governing jurisdiction. We could be adversely affected if legislation, regulations or other requirements are expanded to require changes in our current business practices or if governing jurisdictions or industry groups interpret or implement their requirements in ways that negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. As privacy and data protection have become more sensitive issues for regulators and consumers, we may also become exposed to potential liabilities as a result of differing views on the protections that should apply to travel and/or online data.
We cannot guarantee that our security measures will prevent data breaches. In addition, certain of our acquired companies may not have the same standards related to data collection, storage and transfer that Expedia has historically maintained. Failure to improve their standards or a substantial data breach in any of our businesses could significantly harm our business, damage our reputation, expose us to a risk of loss or litigation and possible liability and/or cause customers and potential customers to lose confidence in our security, which would have a negative effect on the value of our brands.
These and other privacy and security developments that are difficult to anticipate could adversely affect our business and financial performance.
Acquisitions could result in operating and financial difficulties.
Our future growth may depend, in part, on acquisitions. To the extent that we grow through acquisitions, we will face the operational and financial risks that commonly accompany that strategy. We would also face operational risks, such as failing to assimilate the operations and personnel of the acquired businesses, disrupting their ongoing businesses, increased complexity of our business, impairing management resources and their
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relationships with employees and travelers as a result of changes in their ownership and management. Further, the evaluation and negotiation of potential acquisitions, as well as the integration of an acquired business, may divert management time and other resources. Some acquisitions may not be successful and their performance may result in the impairment of their carrying value.
Certain financial and operational risks related to acquisitions that may have a material impact on our business are:
| • | Use of cash resources and incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities in funding acquisitions may limit other potential uses of our cash, including stock repurchases, dividend payments and retirement of outstanding indebtedness; |
| • | Amortization expenses related to acquired intangible assets and other adverse accounting consequences; |
| • | Costs incurred in identifying and performing due diligence on potential acquisition targets that may or may not be successful; |
| • | Difficulties and expenses in assimilating the operations, products, technology, privacy protection systems, information systems or personnel of the acquired company; |
| • | Impairment of relationships with employees, suppliers and affiliates of our business and the acquired business; |
| • | The assumption of known and unknown debt and liabilities of the acquired company; |
| • | Failure to generate adequate returns on our acquisitions and investments; |
| • | Entrance into markets in which we have no direct prior experience; and |
| • | Impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets arising from our acquisitions. |
We cannot be sure that our intellectual property is protected from copying or use by others, including potential competitors.
Our websites rely on content and technology intellectual property, much of which we regard as proprietary. We protect our proprietary technology by relying on trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, patents and confidentiality agreements. In connection with our license agreements with third parties, we seek to control access to and distribution of our technology, documentation and other proprietary information. Even with all of these precautions, it is possible for someone else to copy or otherwise obtain and use our proprietary technology or content without our authorization or to develop similar technology independently. Effective trademark, copyright, patent and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our services are made available through the internet, and policing unauthorized use of our proprietary information is difficult and expensive. We cannot be sure that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our proprietary information. This misappropriation could have a material adverse effect on our business. In the future, we may need to go to court to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This litigation might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
We currently license from third parties some of the technologies incorporated into our websites. As we continue to introduce new services that incorporate new technologies, we may be required to license additional technology. We cannot be sure that such technology licenses will be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.
Part I. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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We lease approximately 1.4 million square feet of office space worldwide, pursuant to leases with expiration dates through September 2020.
We lease approximately 348,000 square feet for our headquarters in Bellevue, Washington, pursuant to a lease with an expiration date of October 2018. We also lease approximately 590,000 square feet of office space for our domestic operations in various cities and locations in Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas and Washington DC, pursuant to leases with expiration dates through November 2015.
We also lease approximately 438,000 square feet of office space for our international operations in various cities and locations, including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom, pursuant to leases with expiration dates through September 2020.
Part I. Item 3. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, Expedia and its subsidiaries are parties to legal proceedings and claims involving property, personal injury, contract, alleged infringement of third-party intellectual property rights and other claims. The amounts that may be recovered in such matters may be subject to insurance coverage.
Rules of the SEC require the description of material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary, routine litigation incident to the registrant’s business, and advise that proceedings ordinarily need not be described if they primarily involve damages claims for amounts (exclusive of interest and costs) not individually exceeding 10% of the current assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. In the judgment of management, none of the pending litigation matters that the Company and its subsidiaries are defending, including those described below, involves or is likely to involve amounts of that magnitude. The litigation matters described below involve issues or claims that may be of particular interest to our stockholders, regardless of whether any of these matters may be material to our financial position or results of operations based upon the standard set forth in the SEC’s rules.
Class Action Litigation
Securities Class Action Litigation against IAC
Beginning on September 20, 2004, twelve purported shareholder class actions were commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against IAC/InterActiveCorp (“IAC”) and certain of its officers and directors, alleging violations of the federal securities laws. These cases arose out of IAC’s August 4, 2004 announcement of its earnings for the second quarter of 2004 and generally alleged that the value of IAC’s stock was artificially inflated by pre-announcement statements about its financial results and forecasts that were false and misleading due to the defendants’ alleged failure to disclose various problems faced by IAC’s travel businesses. On December 20, 2004, the district court consolidated the twelve lawsuits, appointed co-lead plaintiffs, and designated co-lead plaintiffs’ counsel. SeeIn re IAC/InterActiveCorp Securities Litigation, No. 04-CV-7447 (S.D.N.Y.). Expedia is not a party to this litigation, however, under the terms of its Separation Agreement with IAC, Expedia has generally agreed to bear a portion of the costs and liabilities, if any, associated with any securities law litigation relating to conduct prior to the spin-off of Expedia from IAC (the “Spin-Off”) of the businesses or entities that comprise Expedia following the Spin-Off.
On October 18, 2004, a related shareholder derivative action,Stuart Garber, Derivatively on Behalf of IAC/InterActiveCorp v. Barry Diller et al., No. 04-603416, was commenced in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (New York County) against certain of IAC’s officers and directors. On November 15, 2004, another related shareholder derivative action,Lisa Butler, Derivatively on Behalf of IAC/InterActiveCorp v. Barry Diller et al., No. 04-CV-9067, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against
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certain of IAC’s current and former directors. On January 24, 2005, the federal district court consolidated theButlercase with the securities class action for pre-trial purposes only. On April 11, 2005, the district court issued a similar consolidation order in respect of theGarber case.
On July 5, 2005, the plaintiffs in the related shareholder suits filed a consolidated shareholder derivative complaint against IAC (as a nominal defendant) and sixteen current or former officers or directors of IAC or its former travel business. The complaint, which is based upon factual allegations similar to those in the securities class action, purports to assert claims for breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, unjust enrichment, violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, and contribution and indemnification. The complaint sought an order voiding the election of IAC’s then Board of Directors, as well as damages in an unspecified amount, various forms of equitable relief, restitution, and disgorgement of remuneration received by the individual defendants from IAC.
On September 15, 2005, IAC and the other defendants filed motions to dismiss both the securities class action and the shareholder derivative suits. On November 30, 2005, the plaintiffs filed their opposition to the motions. On January 6, 2006, the defendants filed reply papers in further support of the motions. The court issued an opinion and order (i) granting the defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint in the securities class action, with leave to replead, and (ii) granting the defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint in the shareholder derivative suits, with prejudice.
On April 23, 2007, the plaintiffs in the shareholder derivative suits filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from the District Court’s order of dismissal. On June 14, 2007, on consent of the parties, the appeal was withdrawn from active consideration by the Court of Appeals, subject to reinstatement by no later than March 31, 2008.
On May 15, 2007, the plaintiffs in the securities class action filed a second amended complaint. The new pleading continues to allege that the defendants failed to disclose material information concerning problems at the Company’s then-travel businesses and to assert the same legal claims as its predecessor. On March 19, 2010, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the case in its entirety. The plaintiffs’ time to appeal has expired. On April 1, 2010, as a result of the court’s ruling, the plaintiffs’ appeal from the dismissal of the complaint in the two related consolidated shareholder derivative suits was dismissed with prejudice on consent. Two appeals have been filed by individuals challenging the certification of the classes as well as the fees and expenses awarded to plaintiff’s counsel. Plaintiff’s filed answering briefs on December 17, 2010.
Settled Class Action Litigation
Expedia®Washington. On February 18, 2005, three actions filed against Expedia, Inc., a Washington corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the registrant (“Expedia Washington”)— C. Michael Nielsen etal. v. Expedia, Inc. et al., No. 05-2-02060-1 (Superior Court, King County),Bruce Deaton et al., v. Expedia, Inc.et al.,No. 05-2-02062-8 (Superior Court, King County), each of which was filed January 10, 2005, andJose Alba, on Behalf of Himself and All Others Similarly Situated v. IAC/InterActiveCorp et al., No. 05-2-04533-7 (Superior Court, King County) filed February 3, 2005 — were consolidated under the captionIn re Expedia Hotel Taxes and Fees Litigation,No. 05-2-02060-1, pending in King County Superior Court. The consolidated complaint alleges that Expedia Washington is improperly charging and/or failing to pay hotel occupancy taxes and engaging in other deceptive practices in charging customers for taxes and fees. The complaint seeks certification of a nationwide class of all persons who were assessed a charge for “taxes/fees” when booking rooms through Expedia Washington. The complaint alleges violation of the Washington Consumer Protection Act and common law conversion and seeks imposition of a constructive trust on monies received from the plaintiff class, as well as damages in an unspecified amount, disgorgement, restitution, interest and penalties. Six of the seven originally named plaintiffs have withdrawn from the suit. On May 7, 2008, the court entered an order granting plaintiff’s motion to certify the class. On May 28, 2009, the court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment on their breach of contract claim, without the benefit of an actual trial on the merits. The plaintiffs’ breach of contract claim was based on Expedia’s website Terms of Use that were in effect from February 2003 through December 2006. The court concluded that the damages for the alleged breach were
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approximately $184 million. On July 8, 2009, Expedia reached an agreement in principle on a proposed settlement of all claims with the plaintiffs. Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Preliminary Approval of the proposed settlement and the settlement was approved on December 1, 2009. The distribution of cash payments and coupons to class members was completed on June 1, 2010. Coupons may continue to be redeemed through June 2011.
Hotwire. On April 19, 2005, three actions filed against Hotwire, Inc. were consolidated and now are pending under the captionBruce Deaton v. Hotwire, Inc. et al., Case No. CGC-05-437631, in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Francisco. The consolidated complaint, which was amended on February 17, 2006, alleges that Hotwire is improperly charging and/or failing to pay hotel occupancy taxes and engaging in other deceptive practices in charging customers for taxes and fees. The complaint seeks certification of a nationwide class of all persons who were assessed a charge for “taxes/fees” when booking rooms through Hotwire. The amended complaint alleges violation of Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code, violation of the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, and breach of contract, and seeks imposition of a constructive trust on monies received from the plaintiff class, as well as damages in an unspecified amount, disgorgement, restitution, interest and penalties. On March 15, 2007, the court certified a class of all residents of the United States to whom Hotwire charged “taxes/fees” for the facilitation of reservations for stand-alone hotel rooms on its website. The court has not yet required that Hotwire provide notice to the potential class members. The parties have reached a settlement that was approved by the court on December 8, 2009. Coupons issued pursuant to the settlement may continue to be redeemed until April 2011.
Consumer Class Action Litigation
Consumer Case against Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire. On December 8, 2008, a putative class action was filed in federal court in New York State against Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire. Similar lawsuits were filed at or about the same time against Priceline and Travelocity.See Matthew R. Chiste, et al. v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., No. 08 CV 10676 (United States District Court for the Southern District of New York). The complaint alleges that the defendants are improperly charging and/or failing to pay hotel occupancy taxes and engaging in other deceptive practices in charging customers for taxes and fees. The complaint seeks certification of a nationwide class of all persons who booked a hotel room in New York City through the defendants. The complaint asserts claims for deceptive business practices, conversion, breach of fiduciary duty and breach of contract and seeks a declaratory judgment, injunctive relief and damages in an unspecified amount, but exceeding $5 million. On November 15, 2010, defendants’ motion to dismiss was granted in part and the bulk of the plaintiff’s claims were dismissed. Expedia filed a Motion for Reconsideration seeking to have the remainder of the case dismissed, which was denied.
Consumer Case against Expedia Canada. On June 26, 2009, a class action suit against Expedia Canada Corporation was filed in Ontario, Canada, alleging that disclosures related to “taxes and service fees” weredeceptive.See Magill v. Expedia Canada Corporation and Expedia.ca, CV-09-381919-00LP (Ontario SuperiorCourt of Justice). The complaint asserts claims under the Competition Act and Consumer Protection Act as well as claims of unjust enrichment, restitution, constructive trust, accounting and disgorgement and breach of contract. It seeks damages in the amount of CA$50 million for the class as well as interest, fees and alternate damages measures. On September 24, 2010, the court added Expedia, Inc. as a defendant and dismissed many of the plaintiff’s claims with leave to amend. The class period was also limited. The plaintiff filed an amended statement of claim on January 7, 2011.
Litigation Relating to Hotel Occupancy Taxes
Actions Filed by Individual States, Cities and Counties
City of Los Angeles Litigation. On December 30, 2004, the city of Los Angeles filed a purported class action in California state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Expedia and Hotwire.City of Los Angeles, California, on Behalf of Itself and All Others Similarly Situated v. Hotels.com, L.P.et al., No. BC326693 (Superior Court, Los Angeles County). The complaint alleges that the defendants are
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improperly charging and/or failing to pay hotel occupancy taxes. The complaint seeks certification of a statewide class of all California cities and counties that have enacted uniform transient occupancy-tax ordinances effective on or after December 30, 1990. The complaint alleges violation of those ordinances, violation of Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code, and common-law conversion. The complaint also seeks a declaratory judgment that the defendants are subject to hotel occupancy taxes on the hotel rate charged to consumers and imposition of a constructive trust on all monies owed by the defendants to the government, as well as disgorgement, restitution, interest and penalties. On July 26, 2007, the court signed an order staying the lawsuit until the cities have exhausted their administrative remedies. The case is coordinated with the cases in San Diego, Anaheim, Santa Monica and San Francisco. On September 9, 2009, the City of Los Angeles issued assessments totaling $29.5 million against Expedia companies (Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire). An administrative hearing challenging the assessments was held on December 3, 2009. On September 16, 2010, the assessment review officer approved the assessments. A second level administrative review hearing was held in December 2010.
Columbus-Findlay, Ohio Litigation. On October 25, 2005, the city of Findlay, Ohio filed a purported statewide class action in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.City of Findlay v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., No. 2005-CV-673 (Court of Common Pleas of Hancock County, Ohio). On August 8, 2006, the city of Columbus, Ohio and the city of Dayton, Ohio, filed a putative statewide class action in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia Washington.City of Columbus, et al. v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., 2:06-CV-00677 (United States District Court, Southern District of Ohio). The complaints allege that the defendants have failed to pay to the city hotel occupancy taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaints include claims for violation of hotel occupancy tax ordinances, violation of the consumer protection act, conversion, imposition of a constructive trust and declaratory relief. The Findlay lawsuit was removed to federal court and consolidated with the case brought by Columbus and Dayton. On July 26, 2006, the court held that defendants were not subject to the payment of taxes under the hotel occupancy tax ordinances and granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss. The cities of Toledo, Northwood, Rossford, Maumee, the Franklin County Convention Facilities Authority and the Perrysburg Township and Springfield Township have been added as plaintiffs in the lawsuit. Class certification was never granted. On November 18, 2010, the court ruled on the remaining claim and held that defendants have not collected taxes that have not been remitted and entered judgment in favor of the online travel companies. Plaintiffs have appealed.
City of Chicago Litigation. On November 1, 2005, the city of Chicago, Illinois filed an action in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.City of Chicago, Illinois v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., No. 2005 L051003 (Circuit Court of Cook County). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city the hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of that ordinance, conversion, imposition of a constructive trust and demand for a legal accounting. The complaint seeks damages, restitution, disgorgement, fines, penalties and other relief in an unspecified amount. The parties have filed cross-motions for summary judgment.
City of Rome, Georgia Litigation. On November 18, 2005, the city of Rome, Georgia, Hart County, Georgia, and the city of Cartersville, Georgia filed a purported statewide class action in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.City of Rome, Georgia, et al. v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al.,No. 4:05-CV-249 (U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Rome Division). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the county and cities the hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinances. The complaint asserts claims for violation of excise and sales and use tax ordinances, conversion, unjust enrichment, imposition of a constructive trust, declaratory relief and injunctive relief. The complaint seeks damages and other relief in an unspecified amount. On May 9, 2006, the court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss. On June 8, 2006, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint adding sixteen more municipalities and political subdivisions as named plaintiffs. On May 10, 2007, the court stayed the litigation, concluding that the plaintiffs must exhaust their administrative remedies before continuing to litigate their tax claims. On July 10, 2009, the court lifted the stay of the litigation. Plaintiffs have file a motion for class certification.
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City of San Diego, California Litigation. On February 9, 2006, the city of San Diego, California filed an action in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.City of San Diego v. Hotels.com, L.P. et al.,Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4472 (Superior Court for the County of San Diego). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of that ordinance, for violation of Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code, conversion, imposition of a constructive trust and declaratory judgment. The complaint seeks damages and other relief in an unspecified amount. An amended complaint was filed on March 8, 2007. The case was stayed pending exhaustion of administrative procedures. In November 2008, the city completed its audit and assessed hotel occupancy taxes against each of the named online travel companies. The online travel companies challenged those assessments through an administrative appeals process. The first hearing on those challenges occurred on June 19, 2009. On July 28, 2009, the hearing board affirmed the assessments. The online travel companies appealed, and following further administrative hearings during the week of January 11, 2010, the hearing officer held that the online travel companies are liable for hotel accommodations taxes, including assessments totaling $16.5 million for the Expedia companies. The online travel companies filed a petition for writ of mandate and cross-complaint in August 2010. This case is coordinated with the Anaheim, San Francisco, Santa Monica and Los Angeles lawsuits.
Orange County, Florida Litigation. On March 13, 2006, Orange County, Florida filed an action in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.Orange County et al v. Expedia, Inc., et al.,2006-CA-2104 Div. 39 (Circuit Court Ninth Judicial District, Orange County, FL). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay the county hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint seeks a declaratory judgment regarding the county’s right to audit and collect tax on certain of the defendants’ hotel room transactions. On March 9, 2007, the plaintiff filed an amended complaint. Plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment was denied on January 20, 2011.
City of Atlanta, Georgia Litigation. On March 29, 2006, the city of Atlanta, Georgia filed suit against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.City of Atlanta, Georgia v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., 2006-CV-114732 (Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinances. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the ordinance, conversion, unjust enrichment, imposition of a constructive trust, declaratory judgment and an equitable accounting. The complaint seeks damages and other relief in an unspecified amount. Plaintiff’s first amended complaint was filed on October 23, 2009. On July 22, 2010, the court ruled on the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment and held that online travel companies are not innkeepers required to collect and remit taxes under the Atlanta ordinance. The court also issued an injunction requiring the payment of taxes in the future on the grounds that the online travel companies are third-party tax collectors. Both parties have appealed.
City of Charleston, South Carolina Litigation. On April 26, 2006, the city of Charleston, South Carolina filed suit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia Washington.City of Charleston, South Carolina v. Hotels.com, et al., 2:06-CV-01646-PMD (United States District Court, District of South Carolina, Charleston Division). The case was removed to federal court on May 31, 2006. The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of that ordinance, conversion, constructive trust and legal accounting. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On April 26, 2007, the court entered an order consolidating the lawsuits filed by the City of Charleston and the Town of Mt. Pleasant. The parties executed a settlement agreement in October 2010 and the case has been dismissed.
City of San Antonio, Texas Litigation. On May 8, 2006, the city of San Antonio filed a putative statewide class action in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Expedia. SeeCity of San Antonio, et al. v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., SA06CA0381 (United States District Court, Western District of Texas, San Antonio Division). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of that ordinance, common-law conversion, and declaratory judgment. The complaint seeks damages in
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an unspecified amount, restitution and disgorgement. On October 30, 2009, a jury verdict was entered finding that defendant online travel companies “control hotels,” and awarding approximately $15 million for historical damages against the Expedia companies. The jury also found that defendants were not liable for conversion or punitive damages. The final amount of the judgment against the Expedia companies has not been determined. In further proceedings, the court will determine, among other things, whether the tax is actually due on the amounts that the online companies retained for their services and the amount, if any, of penalties and interest, which could be significant.
City of Gallup, New Mexico Litigation. On May 17, 2006, the city of Gallup, New Mexico filed a putative statewide class action in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.City of Gallup, New Mexico, et al. v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., CIV-06-0549 JC/RLP (United States District Court, District of New Mexico). The case was removed to federal court on June 23, 2006. The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinances. The complaint asserts claims for violation of those ordinances, conversion, and declaratory judgment. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount, restitution and disgorgement. On April 18, 2007, the court granted plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss its own lawsuit. On July 6, 2007, the city of Gallup refiled its lawsuit. Plaintiff filed its first amended complaint on January 16, 2009. The court certified the class on July 7, 2009. On March 1, 2010, the court denied the city’s motion for summary judgment and held that the online travel companies do not have tax obligations under the city’s ordinance and that defendants have not collected taxes that have not been remitted.
Town of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina Litigation. On May 23, 2006, the town of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina filed suit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.Town of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina v. Hotels.com, et al., 2-06-CV-020987-PMD (United States District Court, District of South Carolina, Charleston Division). The case was removed to federal court on July 21, 2006. The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of that ordinance, conversion, constructive trust and legal accounting. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On April 26, 2007, the court consolidated the lawsuits filed by the city of Charleston and the town of Mt. Pleasant. The parties executed a settlement agreement in October 2010 and the case has been dismissed.
Columbus, Georgia Litigation. On May 30, 2006, the city of Columbus, Georgia filed suit against Expedia, Inc. in state court and on June 7, 2006 filed suit against Hotels.com in state court.Columbus, Georgia v. Hotels.com, Inc., et al., SU-06-CV-1893-8 (Superior Curt of Muscogee County);Columbus, Georgia v. Expedia, Inc, SU-06-CV-1794-7 (Superior Court of Muscogee County). The complaints allege that the defendants have failed to pay the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaints assert claims for violation of that ordinance, unjust enrichment, imposition of a constructive trust, equitable accounting, and declaratory judgment, and seek damages in an unspecified amount, restitution and disgorgement. On September 22, 2008, the court issued an injunction requiring Expedia and Hotels.com to collect and remit taxes on services on an ongoing basis. Expedia and Hotels.com subsequently paid approximately $110,000 in outstanding past tax amounts demanded by the city and ceased to list Columbus, Georgia hotels on their websites. In June 2010, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment. Plaintiff also filed a motion to require Expedia and Hotels.com to again list Columbus, Georgia hotels on their sites. On January 28, 2011, the court granted the city’s motion for summary judgment and denied Expedia’s motion for summary judgment.
Lake County, Indiana Convention and Visitors Bureau Litigation. On June 12, 2006, the Lake County Convention and Visitors Bureau, Inc. and Marshall County filed a putative statewide class action in federal court on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated political subdivisions in the state of Indiana against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.Lake County Convention and Visitors Bureau, Inc., et al. v. Hotels.com, LP, 2:06-CV-207 (United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana, Hammond Division). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to municipalities hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinances. The complaint asserts claims for violation of those ordinances, conversion, unjust enrichment, imposition of a constructive trust, and declaratory judgment, and seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On March 3, 2010, defendants’ motion for summary judgment for failure to exhaust administrative remedies was granted.
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North Myrtle Beach Litigation. On August 28, 2006, the city of North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina filed a lawsuit in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Expedia.City of North Myrtle Beach v. Hotels.com, et al., 4: 06-CV-03063-RBH (United States District Court, District of South Carolina, Florence Division). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay the hotel accommodation taxes as required by local ordinances. The complaint asserts claims for violation of those ordinances, as well as a claim for conversion, imposition of a constructive trust, and demand for an accounting, and seeks unspecified damages. The parties reached a settlement in October 2010 and the case has been dismissed.
Nassau County, New York Litigation. On October 24, 2006, the county of Nassau, New York filed a putative statewide class action in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Expedia.Nassau County, New York, et al. v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., (United States District Court, Eastern District of New York). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay hotel accommodation taxes as required by local ordinances to certain New York cities, counties and local governments in New York. The complaint asserts claims for violations of those ordinances, as well as claims for conversion, unjust enrichment, and imposition of a constructive trust, and seeks unspecified damages. On August 17, 2007, the court granted defendants’ motion dismissing the lawsuit due to the plaintiff’s failure to exhaust its administrative remedies. On August 11, 2009, the Second Circuit remanded the case for the district court to determine whether class certification is appropriate. The district court has ordered the parties to proceed with class certification.
Wake County, North Carolina Litigation. On November 3, 2006, Wake County, North Carolina filed a lawsuit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Expedia.Wake County v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., 06 CV 016256 (General Court of Justice, Superior Court Division, Wake County). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay the county hotel accommodation taxes as required by local ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for declaratory judgment or injunction, conversion, imposition of a constructive trust, demand for an accounting, unfair and deceptive trade practices, and agency. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On April 4, 2007, the court consolidated the Wake County, Dare County, Buncombe County, Mecklenburg County and Cumberland County lawsuits. On May 9, 2007, the defendants moved to dismiss the lawsuits. On November 19, 2007, the court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss the Wake County lawsuit. On November 1, 2010, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment.
Branson, Missouri Litigation. On December 28, 2006, the city of Branson, Missouri filed a lawsuit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Expedia.City of Branson, MO v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., 106CC5164 (Circuit Court of Greene County, Missouri). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay the city hotel accommodation taxes as required by local ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for declaratory judgment, conversion, and demand for an accounting, and seeks unspecified damages. On November 26, 2007, the court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss.
Buncombe County Litigation. On February 1, 2007, Buncombe County, North Carolina filed a lawsuit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Expedia.Buncombe County v. Hotels.com, et al., 7 CV 00585 (General Court of Justice, Superior Court Division, Buncombe County, North Carolina). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay the county hotel accommodation taxes as required by local ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for declaratory judgment, and seeks unspecified damages. On April 4, 2007, the court consolidated the Wake County, Dare County, Buncombe County, Mecklenburg County and Cumberland County lawsuits. On May 9, 2007, the defendants moved to dismiss the lawsuits. On November 19, 2007, the court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss the Buncombe County lawsuit. On November 1, 2010, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment.
Dare County, North Carolina Litigation. On January 26, 2007, Dare County, North Carolina filed a lawsuit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Expedia.Dare County v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., 07 CVS 56 (General Court of Justice, Superior Court Division, Dare
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County, North Carolina). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay the county hotel accommodation taxes as required by local ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for declaratory judgment, injunction, conversion, constructive trust, accounting, unfair and deceptive trade practices and agency. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On April 4, 2007, the court consolidated the Wake County, Dare County, Buncombe County, Mecklenburg County and Cumberland County lawsuits. On May 9, 2007, the defendants moved to dismiss the lawsuits. On November 19, 2007, the court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss the Dare County lawsuit. On November 1, 2010, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment.
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Litigation. On February 2, 2007, the city of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina filed an individual lawsuit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.City of Myrtle Beach v. Hotels.com, LP, et al., 2007 CP26-0738 (Court of Common Pleas, Fifteenth Judicial Circuit, County of Horry, South Carolina). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the county hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinances. The complaint asserts a claim for declaratory judgment that the accommodations tax at issue is owed by the defendants, and seeks damages in an unspecified amount.
Horry County, South Carolina Litigation. On February 2, 2007, Horry County, South Carolina filed an individual lawsuit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.Horry County v. Hotels.com, LP, et al., 2007 CP26-0737 (Court of Common Please, County of Horry, South Carolina). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the county hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinances. The complaint asserts a claim for declaratory judgment that the accommodations tax at issue is owed by the defendants, and seeks damages in an unspecified amount. Plaintiff has filed a motion for summary judgment, which is scheduled for a hearing on March 8, 2011.
City of Houston, Texas Litigation. On March 5, 2007, the city of Houston filed an individual lawsuit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Hotwire and Expedia.City of Houston v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., 2007-13227 (District Court of Harris County, 270th Judicial District, Texas). The lawsuit alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The lawsuit asserts claims for violation of that ordinance, conversion, imposition of a constructive trust, civil conspiracy, and demand for accounting. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On January 19, 2010, the court ruled in favor of defendants on their motion for summary judgment dismissing plaintiffs’ claims with prejudice. The city has appealed.
Mecklenburg County Litigation. On January 10, 2008, the county of Mecklenburg, North Carolina filed an individual lawsuit in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, and Hotwire.County of Mecklenburg v. Hotels.com L.P., et al., (General Court of Justice, Superior Court Division, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance to the county. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for declaratory judgment, injunction, conversion, constructive trust, accounting, unfair and deceptive trade practices and agency. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On April 4, 2007, the court consolidated the Wake County, Dare County, Buncombe County, and Cumberland County lawsuits. On May 9, 2007, the defendants moved to dismiss the lawsuits. On November 19, 2007, the court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss the Mecklenburg County lawsuit. On November 1, 2010, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment.
Cities of Goodlettsville and Brentwood, Tennessee Litigation. On June 2, 2008, the cities of Goodlettsville and Brentwood, Tennessee filed a putative class action in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, and Hotwire.City of Goodlettsville and City of Brentwood v. Priceline.com, Inc., et al., 3-08-0561 (United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the cities hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for unjust enrichment and conversion, and seeks damages in an unspecified amount. Plaintiffs have voluntarily dismissed the City of Brentwood. Class certification has been granted. Trial is scheduled for November 29, 2011.
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County of Monroe, Florida Litigation. On June 3, 2008, the county of Monroe, Florida filed an individual action in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance.County of Monroe, Florida v. Priceline.com, Inc., et al., 08-10044-CIV (United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the county hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint purports to assert claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for unjust enrichment and conversion. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. Plaintiff filed its first amended complaint on May 28, 2010. Defendants’ motion to dismiss the first amended complaint was denied in part and granted in part by the court and class certification was granted. Settlement was reached in August 2010 and the court granted final approval of the settlement on January 6, 2011.
Township of Lyndhurst, New Jersey Litigation. On June 18, 2008, the township of Lyndhurst filed a putative class action in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, and Hotwire.Township of Lyndhurst v. Priceline.com, Inc., et al., 2:08-CV-03033-JLL-CCC (United States District Court for District of New Jersey). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the township hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for unjust enrichment and conversion. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On March 18, 2009, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss for lack of standing. Plaintiff’s appeal is pending.
City of Baltimore Litigation. On December 10, 2008, the city of Baltimore filed an individual action in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, and Hotwire.Mayor and City Council of Baltimore v. Pricline.com, Inc. et al., MJG-07-2807 (United States District Court for the District of Maryland). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for conversion, unjust enrichment, assumpsit, declaratory judgment, imposition of a constructive trust, and injunctive relief. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On December 30, 2010, the city filed a motion for summary judgment.
Worcester County, Maryland Litigation. On January 6, 2009, the county of Worcester, Maryland filed an individual action in federal court against a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, and Hotwire.County Commissioners of Worcester County, Maryland v. Pricline.com, Inc. et al., 09-CV-00013-JFM (United States District Court for the District of Maryland). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserts claims for violation of the local ordinance, as well as claims for conversion, unjust enrichment, and assumpsit. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. On June 2, 2009, the court denied defendants’ motion to dismiss. In July 2010, settlement was reached and on July 26, 2010, the case was dismissed.
City of Anaheim, California Litigation. On October 10, 2007, the city of Anaheim instituted an audit of a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, and Hotwire, for hotel occupancy taxes. On or before May 23, 2008, the city completed its audit and issued assessments against each of those online travel companies. The online travel companies challenged those assessments through an administrative appeals process. On January 28, 2009, the hearing examiner issued his decision, rejecting the online travel companies’ challenges to those assessments. On February 6, 2009, the hearing examiner issued a decision setting forth the assessed amounts due by each online travel company, including a total of approximately $17.7 million for the Expedia companies. On February 11, 2009, the online travel companies filed a petition for writ of mandate in the California superior court seeking to vacate the decision of the hearing examiner and asking for a declaratory judgment that the online travel companies are not subject to Anaheim’s hotel occupancy tax.Expedia, Inc. v. City of Anaheim, et. al., Hotels.com L.P. v. City of Anaheim, et. al.; Hotwire, Inc. v. City of Anaheim et. al., (Superior Court of the State of California, County of Orange). On February 17, 2009, the online travel companies filed a motion asking the court to rule that the city is not entitled to require the companies to pay the tax assessment prior to commencing litigation to challenge the applicability of the ordinance, commonly referred to as “pay-to-play.” On March 30, 2009, the court overruled the city’s demurrer to the companies’ “pay-to-play”
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motion. The trial court’s ruling that the online travel companies had no obligation to pay the tax assessments before commencing litigation was affirmed on appeal. The lawsuit is coordinated with the San Diego, San Francisco, Santa Monica and Los Angeles matters. On February 1, 2010, the court ruled in defendants’ favor that taxes are not due to the city of Anaheim. The city amended its complaint and the court again granted relief in favor of the online travel companies dismissing the city’s claims. On December 16, 2010, judgment was entered dismissing the case. The city has appealed.
City of San Francisco, California Litigation. On May 13, 2008, the city of San Francisco instituted an audit of a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, and Hotwire, for hotel occupancy taxes. On or before October 31, 2008, the city completed its audit and issued assessments against each of those online travel companies. The online travel companies challenged those assessments through an administrative appeals process and in hearings that took place during January 2009. The hearing examiner upheld the city’s assessments. On May 11, 2009, the online travel companies filed a petition for writ of mandate in the California superior court seeking to vacate the decision of the hearing examiner and asking for a declaratory judgment that the online travel companies are not subject to San Francisco’s hotel occupancy tax.Expedia, Inc. v. City and County of San Francisco, et. al.; Hotwire, Inc. v. City and County of San Francisco, et. al., (Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Francisco).The case is coordinated with the Los Angeles, Anaheim, Santa Monica and San Diego lawsuits. On June 19, 2009, the court granted the city’s demurrer on the “pay first” issue relating to pay-to-play provisions. Expedia and Hotwire’s appeal of the “pay first” decision was denied and Expedia and Hotwire paid the assessed amounts on July 13, 2009. A hearing on the Hotels.com assessment appeal was held on August 12, 2009. Hotels.com paid the assessed amount on November 30, 2009. The total assessed amount paid by the Expedia companies was approximately $48 million. The court has denied the city’s demurrer to the defendants’ petitions.
City of Jacksonville, Florida Litigation. On July 28, 2006, the city of Jacksonville, Florida filed a putative class action in state court against a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, and Hotwire. The lawsuit was dismissed for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. In February 2009, the court gave leave for plaintiffs to refile its complaint. Plaintiffs’ amended complaint was filed on March 10, 2009.City of Jacksonville v. Hotels.com LP, et. al.,2006-CA-005393-XXXX-MA, CV-B (Circuit Court, Fourth Judicial Circuit, Duval County, Florida). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay to the city the tourist and convention development taxes as required by state and municipal ordinance. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount. The city did not opt out of the Monroe County Florida class action and this case was settled on January 6, 2011, as part of the final approval of the settlement of the Monroe County case.
City of Bowling Green, Kentucky Litigation. On March 10, 2009, the city of Bowling Green, Kentucky filed an individual action against a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Inc., Hotels.com and Hotwire.City of Bowling Green, Kentucky v. Hotels.com, L.P., et. al., Civil Action 09-CI-409, Commonwealth of Kentucky, Warren Circuit Court. The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay transient room taxes as required by municipal ordinance. On April 8, 2010, defendants’ motion to dismiss was granted. The city has appealed.
County of Genesee, County of Calhoun, County of Ingham and County of Saginaw, Michigan Litigation. On February 24, 2009, four Michigan Counties (Genesee, Calhoun, Ingham and Saginaw) filed an individual action against a number of internet travel companies, including Expedia, Inc., Hotels.com and TravelNow.com, Inc.County of Genesee, Michigan v. Hotels.com, L.P., et. al., 09-265-CZ (Circuit Court for the County of Ingham, Michigan). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay hotel accommodation taxes as required by county ordinance. Defendants filed a motion for summary disposition on June 29, 2009. On August 21, 2009, the court denied defendants’ motion for summary disposition. On September 9, 2010, plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment.
St. Louis County, Missouri Litigation. On July 6, 2009, St. Louis County, Missouri filed an action against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire, and TravelNow.com, Inc. St. Louis County, Missouri v. Prestige Travel, Inc., et. al.,Case No. 09SL-CC02912 (21st Judicial Circuit Court, St. Louis County, Missouri). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to
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collect and/or pay taxes under the county’s tourism and hotel tax ordinances. Plaintiff’s first amended petition was filed on September 18, 2009. The court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss on September 8, 2010. The county has appealed.
Village of Rosemont, Illinois Litigation. On July 23, 2009, Rosemont, Illinois filed an action against a number of online travel companies including Expedia, Inc., Hotels.com and Hotwire. Village of Rosemont, Illinois v. Priceline.com, Incorporated, et al.1:09-cv-04438 (U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois). The complaint alleges that defendants have failed to collect and/or pay taxes under the city’s hotel tax ordinances. Defendants’ motion to dismiss the village’s claims for unjust enrichment and conversion was granted on February 25, 2010.
Palm Beach County, Florida Litigation. On July 30, 2009, Palm Beach County, Florida filed an action against a number of online travel companies including Expedia, TravelNow.com, Hotels.com, IAC/Interactive Corp. and Hotwire.Anne Gannon, in her capacity as Palm Beach County Tax Collector, on behalf of Palm Beach County v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al.,50 2009 CA 025919 MB (Circuit Court of the 15th Judicial Circuit in and for Palm Beach County, Florida). The complaint alleges that defendants have failed to collect and/or pay taxes under the county’s tourist development tax ordinances. Plaintiff served an amended complaint on December 1, 2009. Trial is scheduled for October 11, 2011.
Lawrence County, Pennsylvania Litigation. On September 8, 2009, the county of Lawrence, Pennsylvania filed an action against a number of online travel companies including Expedia, Inc., Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Travelnow.com, Inc. County of Lawrence, Pennsylvania v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al.,Civil Action No. 2:09-cv-01219-GLL (U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania). The complaint alleges that defendants have failed to collect and/or pay taxes under state and municipal hotel occupancy tax codes and alleges conversion and equitable claims. The court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss on October 25, 2010 and the county has appealed.
Brevard County, Florida Litigation. On October 2, 2009, Brevard County Florida filed an action against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Inc., Hotels.com, and Hotwire. Brevard County, Florida v. Priceline.com Inc., et. al. 6:09-CV-1695-ORC-31JGK (U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida, Orlando Division). The complaint alleges that defendants have failed to collect and/or pay taxes under the county’s tourist development tax ordinances. The parties agreed to a settlement in principle in January 2011 and the case was dismissed on January 12, 2011.
Pine Bluff, Arkansas Litigation. On September 25, 2009, Pine Bluff Advertising and Promotion Commission and Jefferson County filed a class action against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Inc., Hotels.com, and Hotwire. Pine Bluff Advertising and Promotion Commission, Jefferson County, Arkansas, and others similarly situated v. Hotels.com LP, et. al. CV-2009-946-5 (In the Circuit Court of Jefferson, Arkansas). The complaint alleges that defendants have failed to collect and/or pay taxes under hotel tax occupancy ordinances. The court denied defendants’ motion to dismiss.
Leon County, Florida et. al. Litigation. On November 3, 2009, Leon County and a number of other counties in Florida filed an action against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Inc., Hotels.com, TravelNow.com and Hotwire. Leon County, et. al. v. Expedia, Inc., et. al.Case No: 2009CA4319 (Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit, Leon County, Florida). The complaint alleges that defendants have failed to collect and/or pay taxes under the county’s tourist development tax ordinances. Flagler, Alachua, Nassau, Okaloosa, Seminole, Pasco, Pinellas, Hillsborough, Lee, Charlotte, Escambia, Manatee, Saint Johns, Polk, Walton and Wakulla counties have been added as plaintiffs.
Leon County v. Expedia, Inc., Florida Department of Revenue Litigation, et al Litigation. On December 14, 2009, Leon County filed an action against a number of online travel companies and the State of Florida Department of Revenue for recovery of state taxes for hotel occupancy. Leon County v. Expedia, Inc., et al.,Case No. 2009CA4882 (Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit, Leon County, Florida). Leon County has sued the online travel companies and the Florida State Department of Revenue for failure to collect state hotel occupancy taxes. This case was originally filed in federal court on July 27, 2006 and voluntarily dismissed on February 23, 2007. The court denied defendants’ motion to dismiss.
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City of Birmingham, Alabama Litigation. The city of Birmingham, Alabama and eight other cities in Alabama, along with the Birmingham-Jefferson Civil Center Authority, have brought suit against a number of online travel companies. City of Birmingham, et al. v. Orbitz, et al.,Case No. CV200903607 (Circuit Court of Jefferson County, Alabama). The complaint alleges that defendants have failed to collect and/or pay taxes under local lodging tax codes. On April 1, 2010, the court denied defendants’ motion to dismiss, but expressed its preliminary conclusion that the city’s lodging taxes do not apply to defendants’ services.
Florida Attorney General Litigation. On November 3, 2009, the Florida Attorney General announced a suit against Expedia, Inc. and Orbitz, Inc.State of Florida, Office of the Attorney General, Department of Legal Affairs v. Expedia, Inc., et al.,Case No. 2009 CA (Circuit Court for the Second Judicial Circuit, Leon County, Florida). The complaint includes one cause of action for hotel occupancy taxes under the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act. In November 2010, the complaint was amended to include other online travel companies. The complaint has not been served.
City of Philadelphia Litigation. The city of Philadelphia appealed the administrative decision by its Tax Review Board holding that Expedia is not obligated to pay hotel occupancy taxes.The Appeal of the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania v. Tax Review Board,Case Nos. 00764 and 00363 (Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, First Judicial District). On January 14, 2011, the court of common pleas held in favor of Expedia that taxes are not due on their services, and denied the city’s appeal.
City of Santa Monica, California v. Expedia, Inc, et al.,Case No. 108568 (Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles, West District). On June 25, 2010, the city of Santa Monica brought suit against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Expedia and Hotwire. The city claims that internet travel companies act as independent, nonexclusive sales agents for hotels and thus are obligated to collect and remit occupancy tax on their services. The complaint includes claims for conversion, declaratory relief, violations of California Civil Code § 2223, violations of California Civil Code § 2224, imposition of a constructive trust, declaratory relief regarding application of the step transaction doctrine, and liability as agents under California Civil Code §§ 2343, 2344. This case is consolidated in the Superior Court of the State of California, Los Angeles with the pending claims by the City of Anaheim, San Francisco, San Diego and Los Angeles. The Expedia companies were required to pay the approximately $3 million tax assessments to defend against the city’s complaint. Defendant’s demurrer to the City’s complaint is pending before the court.
Town of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina Litigation. On April 2, 2010, the town of Hilton Head filed suit against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Expedia and Hotwire.Town of Hilton Head, South Carolina v. Hotels.com, et al,Case No. 2010-CP-07-1544 (Court of Common Pleas, County of Beaufort). The Town of Hilton Head claims that defendants have failed to collect, or collected and failed to remit or pay, beach preservation fees and local accommodation taxes. The complaint includes claims for violation of the local accommodations tax ordinance, conversion, imposition of a trust and/or constructive trust, unjust enrichment, demand for legal accounting, unfair trade practices, and civil conspiracy.
Baltimore County, Maryland Litigation. On May 3, 2010, Baltimore County filed suit against a number of internet travel companies, including Hotels.com, Expedia and Hotwire.Baltimore County v. Priceline.com, Inc.,et al.,Case No. MJG10CV1104 (United States District Court, District of Maryland, Northern Division). The complaint alleges that the defendants have failed to pay county hotel occupancy taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint includes claims for declaratory judgment, violation of the tax code, conversion, injunctive relief, unjust enrichment/assumpsit, imposition of a constructive trust and damages.
Hamilton County, Ohio Litigation. On August 23, 2010, the counties of Hamilton, Cuyahoga, and Erie brought suit against a number of online travel companies, including Hotels.com, Expedia and Hotwire.Hamilton County v. Hotels.com, et. al,Case No. A 1007729 (Court of Common Pleas, Hamilton County). The counties claim that the online travel companies have failed to remit occupancy taxes. Plaintiffs assert claims for violation of the counties’ transient occupancy taxes, unjust enrichment, money had and received, conversion, constructive trust, breach of contract, declaratory judgment and damages.
State of Oklahoma Litigation. On November 2, 2010, the state of Oklahoma filed suit against a number of online travel companies, including Hotels.com, Expedia and Hotwire.State of Oklahoma v. Priceline.com, Inc., etal.,
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Case No. CJ-2010-8952 (In the District Court of Oklahoma, State of Oklahoma). The complaint includes claims for declaratory judgment, right of action for sales tax owed, injunctive relief and damages. The complaint seeks unspecified damages. Defendants have moved to dismiss the complaint.
State of Montana Litigation. On November 8, 2010, the state of Montana filed suit against a number of online travel companies, including Hotels.com, Expedia and Hotwire.State of Montana Department of Revenue v. Priceline.com, Inc., et al.Case No. CD-2010-1056 (Montana First Judicial District, Lewis and Clark County). The complaint includes claims for declaratory relief, injunctive relief, violation of the Lodging Facility Use Tax Statute, violation of the Lodging Facility Sales and Use Tax Statute, violation of the Rental Vehicle Sales and Use Tax, conversion, unjust enrichment, imposition of a constructive trust, and damages. The complaint seeks unspecified damages. On January 31, 2011, defendants brought a motion to dismiss.
Montgomery County, Maryland Litigation. On December 21, 2010, Montgomery County filed suit against a number of online travel companies, including Hotels.com, Expedia and Hotwire.Montgomery County, Maryland v. Priceline.com, Inc., et al.,Case No. 8:10-cv-03558-AW (United States District Court for the Northern District of Maryland, Northern Division). The complaint includes claims for declaratory judgment, injunctive relief, violation of Montgomery County’s Transient Occupancy Tax Code, conversion, unjust enrichment/assumpsit, imposition of a constructive trust, and damages. The complaint seeks recovery of unspecific damages. Defendants have not been served.
Notices of Audit or Tax Assessments
At various times, the Company has also received notices of audit, or tax assessments from municipalities and other taxing jurisdictions concerning our possible obligations with respect to state and local hotel occupancy or related taxes. The states of South Carolina, Texas, Pennsylvania, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, New Mexico, New York, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Alabama, Montana, Louisiana, Ohio and Hawaii; the counties of Miami-Dade, Broward, Duvall, Palm Beach and Brevard, Florida; the cities of Alpharetta, Atlanta, Augusta, Cartersville, Cedartown, College Park, Columbus, Dalton, East Point, Hartwell, Macon, Richmond, Rockmart, Rome, Tybee Island and Warner Robins, Georgia; the counties of Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, Clayton, Hart, Chatham and Gwinnett, Georgia; the cities of Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Anaheim, West Hollywood, South Lake Tahoe, Palm Springs, Monterey, Sacramento, Long Beach, Napa, Newport Beach, Oakland, Irvine, Fresno, La Quinta, Dana Point, Laguna Beach, Riverside, Eureka, La Palma, Twenty-nine Palms, Laguna Hills, Garden Grove, Corte Madera, Santa Rosa, Manhattan Beach, Huntington Beach, Ojai, Orange, Sacramento, Sunnyvale, Truckee, Walnut Creek, Bakersfield, Carlsbad, Carson, Cypress, San Bruno, Lompoc, Mammoth Lake, Palm Springs, San Jose, Santa Barbara, Santa Monica Bishop, Buena Park, Milpitas, Palmdale, Santa Rosa, and Pasadena, California; the county of Monterey, California; the cities of Phoenix, Scottsdale, Tucson, Peoria, Apache Junction, Avondale, Chandler, Glendale, Flagstaff, Mesa, Nogales, Prescott and Tempe, Arizona; Santa Fe, New Mexico; undisclosed cities in Alabama; Jefferson County, Arkansas; the city of North Little Rock, Arkansas; the cities of Chicago and Rosemont, Illinois; the cities of New Orleans and Lafayette Parish, Louisiana; the city of Baltimore, Maryland, the county of Montgomery, Maryland; New York City; Suffolk County, New York; the counties of Mecklenburg, Brunswick and Stanley, North Carolina; Hilton Head, South Carolina, the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lawrence County, Pennsylvania; the city of Madison, Wisconsin; the cities of Denver and Colorado Springs Colorado, the counties of Salt Lake, Weber, Davis and Summit, Utah; Osceola, Florida and St. Louis County, Missouri, among others, have begun or attempted to pursue formal or informal audits or administrative procedures, or stated that they may assert claims against us relating to allegedly unpaid state or local hotel occupancy or related taxes.
The Company believes that the claims in all of the above proceedings relating to hotel occupancy taxes lack merit and will continue to defend vigorously against them.
Actions Filed by Expedia
New York City Litigation. On December 21, 2009, Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire and other online travel companies brought suit against the city of New York Department of Finance and the city of New York. The
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complaint asserts two claims for declaratory judgment challenging the constitutionality and legality of the law relating to New York City hotel room occupancy taxes passed on June 29, 2009. The City of New York’s motion to dismiss the online travel companies’ claim that the city’s newly-enacted ordinance exceeds the scope of its taxing authority has been granted. Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal on December 6, 2010.
Broward County, Florida Litigation. On January 12, 2009, Expedia, Hotels.com, and Hotwire filed separate actions against Broward County, Florida and the Florida Department of Revenue. Expedia, Inc. et al. v. Broward County Florida, et. al., Case Nos., 37 2009 CA 000131, 37 2009 CA 000129, and 37 2009 000128 (Second Judicial Circuit Court, State of Florida, Leon County). The complaints contest the assessments against plaintiffs on the grounds that plaintiffs are not subject to the tourist development tax, among other claims. Defendants answered and asserted counterclaims on February 2, 2009. Plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss defendants’ counterclaims is pending. On May 13, 2009, the court consolidated all cases for all purposes except trial on any of Broward County’s counterclaims.
Indiana State Sales Tax and County Innkeeper Tax Assessments. On March 2, 2009, Travelscape, LLC (“Travelscape”), Hotels.com and Hotwire filed petitions in Indiana Tax Court appealing the final determination of the Indiana State Department of Revenue and seeking to enjoin the collection of the tax.Travelscape, LLC v. Indiana State Department of Revenue, Cause No. 49T10-0903-TA-11; Hotels.com LP v. Indiana State Department of Revenue, Cause No. 49T10-0903-TA-13;Hotwire, Inc. v. Indiana State Department of Revenue, Cause No. 49T10-0903-TA-12.
Miami-Dade County, Florida Litigation. On December 18, 2009, Expedia, Inc., Hotwire and Hotels.com brought suit against Miami-Dade for refund of hotel occupancy taxes assessed against the companies.Expedia, Inc. v. Miami-Dade County, Florida and Florida Department of Revenue,Cause No. 09CA4978 (In the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit in and for Leon County);Hotwire, Inc. v. Miami-Dade County,Cause No. 09CA4977 (In the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit in and for Leon County);Hotels.com, L.P. v. Miami-Dade County, Florida and Florida Department of Revenue,Cause No. 09CA4979 (In the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit in and for Leon County). The companies moved to dismiss Miami-Dade’s counterclaims. These cases have been consolidated with the cases brought by other online travel companies for refund of hotel occupancy taxes. Miami-Dade County’s claims were settled as a part of the Monroe class action settlement.
South Carolina Litigation. On March 16, 2009, Travelscape, LLC filed a notice of appeal in the South Carolina Court of Appeals appealing the Administrative Law Court’s order of February 13, 2009 relating to the South Carolina Department of Revenue’s assessment of sales and accommodations taxes.Travelscape, LLC v. South Carolina Department of Revenue, 2008-ALJ-17-0076-CC (State of South Carolina Court of Appeals). The Supreme Court of South Carolina took consideration of this appeal and on January 19, 2011 ruled that taxes are due on Travelscape’s revenue.
Pennsylvania Board of Finance and Revenue Litigation. On December 3, 2010, Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire filed a petition in the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania challenging the Pennsylvania Board of Finance and Revenue’s finding that they are liable for state and local hotel taxes.Hotels.com, L.P. v.Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Case No. 875 F&R 2010 (In the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania);Travelscape, LLC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Case No. 874 F&R 2010 (In the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania);Hotwire, Inc. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Case No. 876 F&R 2010 (In the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania).
Osceola, Florida Litigation. On January 24, 2011, Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire, along with other online travel companies, filed complaints against Osceola County, Florida and the Florida Department of Revenue challenging the county’s assessment of taxes.Expedia, Inc. v. Osceola, Florida and Florida Department of Revenue,Case No. 2011 CA 000206 (In the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit, Leon County); Hotels.com, L.P.v. Osceola, Florida and Florida Department of Revenue,Case No. 2011 CA 000196 (In the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit, Leon County); Hotwire,Inc. v. Osceola, Florida and Florida Department of Revenue,Case No. 2011 CA 000202 (In the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit, Leon County). The online travel companies have asserted claims that they are not subject to the county tax ordinance,
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Commerce Clause violation, due process, breach of confidentiality, fundamental bias of assessment, and Internet Tax Freedom Act and Supremacy Clause violation.
Expedia Insurance Litigation. On November 29, 2010, Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire brought suit in state court in Washington against a number of their insurers seeking recovery for occupancy tax cases.Expedia, Inc. et al. v. Steadfast Insurance Company, et al.Case No. 10-2-41017-1 (King County Superior Court).
State of North Carolina Litigation.In February 2011, Travelscape, Hotels.com and Hotwire, along with other online travel companies, brought suit in state court in North Carolina challenging the state of North Carolina’s amended sales tax statute that seeks to tax the revenue generated from the services provided by the online travel companies.Ortbitz, LLC, et al. v. State of North Carolina,Case No. 11CV001857 (In the General Court of Justice, Superior Court Division). The complaint includes claims for violation of the Internet Tax Freedom Act, unconstitutional impairment of contracts, violation of the Commerce Clause, violation of state uniformity clause and federal equal protection, and void for vagueness.
Part II. Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “EXPE.” Our Class B common stock is not listed and there is no established public trading market. As of January 28, 2011, there were approximately 3,943 holders of record of our common stock and the closing price of our common stock was $24.98 on NASDAQ. As of January 28, 2011, all of our Class B common stock was held by a subsidiary of Liberty.
The following table sets forth the intra-day high and low prices per share for our common stock during the periods indicated:
| High | Low | |||||||
Year ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 29.50 | $ | 24.84 | ||||
Third Quarter | 29.85 | 18.30 | ||||||
Second Quarter | 26.09 | 18.69 | ||||||
First Quarter | 26.03 | 20.17 | ||||||
| High | Low | |||||||
Year ended December 31, 2009 | ||||||||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 27.51 | $ | 21.95 | ||||
Third Quarter | 25.62 | 13.52 | ||||||
Second Quarter | 17.65 | 8.82 | ||||||
First Quarter | 10.35 | 6.31 | ||||||
Dividend Policy
In 2010, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared the following dividends:
Declaration Date | Dividend Per Share | Record Date | Total Amount (in thousands) | Payment Date | ||||||||||||
February 10, 2010 | $ | 0.07 | March 11, 2010 | $ | 20,220 | March 31, 2010 | ||||||||||
April 27, 2010 | 0.07 | May 27, 2010 | 19,902 | June 17, 2010 | ||||||||||||
July 26, 2010 | 0.07 | August 26, 2010 | 19,703 | September 16, 2010 | ||||||||||||
October 25, 2010 | 0.07 | November 18, 2010 | 19,251 | December 9, 2010 | ||||||||||||
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The March 2010 dividend was the first dividend in our history. On February 9, 2011, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share of outstanding common stock to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 11, 2011.
Declaration and payment of future dividends, if any, is at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements and surplus, financial condition, share dilution management, legal risks, tax policies, capital requirements relating to research and development, investments and acquisitions, challenges to our business model and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, our credit agreement and high yield indenture limit our ability to pay cash dividends under certain circumstances.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
During the quarter ended December 31, 2010, we did not issue or sell any shares of our common stock or other equity securities pursuant to unregistered transactions in reliance upon an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
A summary of the repurchase activity for the fourth quarter of 2010 is as follows:
Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs | ||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
October 1-31, 2010 | — | $ | — | — | 23,384 | |||||||||||
November 1-30, 2010 | 1,265 | 27.54 | 1,265 | 22,119 | ||||||||||||
December 1-31, 2010 | 2,735 | 26.16 | 2,735 | 19,384 | ||||||||||||
Total | 4,000 | 26.60 | 4,000 | |||||||||||||
In 2006, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase of up to 20 million outstanding shares of our common stock. On October 25, 2010, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, authorized an additional repurchase of up to 20 million outstanding shares of our common stock. During 2010, we repurchased, through open market transactions, 20.6 million shares under these authorizations for a total cost of $489 million, excluding transaction costs, representing an average repurchase price of $23.71 per share. As of December 31, 2010, 19.4 million shares remain authorized for repurchase under the October 2010 authorization. There is no fixed termination date for the repurchases.
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Performance Comparison Graph
The graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total return, calculated on a dividend reinvested basis, for Expedia common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index, the RDG (Research Data Group) Internet Composite Index and the S&P 500. The graph assumes an investment of $100 in each of the above on December 31, 2005. The stock price performance shown in the graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.
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Part II. Item 6. Selected Financial Data
We have derived the following selected financial data presented below from the consolidated financial statements and related notes. The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future results and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008(1) | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 3,348,109 | $ | 2,955,426 | $ | 2,937,013 | $ | 2,665,332 | $ | 2,237,586 | ||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 731,915 | 571,414 | (2,428,953 | ) | 529,069 | 351,329 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Expedia, Inc. | 421,500 | 299,526 | (2,517,763 | ) | 295,864 | 244,934 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Expedia, Inc. available to common stockholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 1.49 | $ | 1.04 | $ | (8.80 | ) | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.72 | |||||||||
Diluted | 1.46 | 1.03 | (8.80 | ) | 0.94 | 0.70 | ||||||||||||||
Shares used in computing income (loss) per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 282,465 | 288,214 | 286,167 | 296,640 | 338,047 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted | 288,028 | 292,141 | 286,167 | 314,233 | 352,181 | |||||||||||||||
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.28 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Working deficit | $ | (187,793 | ) | $ | (610,008 | ) | $ | (367,454 | ) | $ | (728,697 | ) | $ | (224,770 | ) | |||||
Total assets | 6,650,994 | 5,937,156 | 5,894,249 | 8,295,422 | 8,264,317 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 1,644,894 | 895,086 | 1,544,548 | 1,085,000 | 500,000 | |||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest | 64,159 | 67,045 | 63,910 | 70,004 | 65,260 | |||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 2,736,703 | 2,749,726 | 2,380,964 | 4,880,016 | 5,966,046 | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | The year ended December 31, 2008 includes an approximately $3 billion impairment charge related to goodwill, intangible and other long-lived assets. |
Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Expedia, Inc. is an online travel company, empowering business and leisure travelers with the tools and information they need to efficiently research, plan, book and experience travel. We have created a global travel marketplace used by a broad range of leisure and corporate travelers, offline retail travel agents and travel service providers. We make available, on a stand-alone and package basis, travel products and services provided by numerous airlines, lodging properties, car rental companies, destination service providers, cruise lines and other travel product and service companies. We also offer travel and non-travel advertisers access to a potential source of incremental traffic and transactions through our various media and advertising offerings on both the TripAdvisor Media Network and on our transaction-based websites. For additional information about our portfolio of brands, see the disclosure set forth in Part I, Item 1, Business, under the caption “Management Overview.”
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All percentages within this section are calculated on actual, unrounded numbers.
Trends
The travel industry, including offline agencies, online agencies and other suppliers of travel products and services, has historically been characterized by intense competition, as well as rapid and significant change. In 2009, during the global recession, Expedia was able to grow volumes robustly by exposing excellent travel deals to our customers. However, we eliminated or reduced a wide variety of customer fees, airfare and hotel room prices were down substantially and advertising rates were soft, which led to revenue growth in 2009 of only 1%. During 2010, we experienced an improving travel environment with air carriers flying at very high load factors and hoteliers generally seeing stronger occupancies and rising room rates. As such, our 2010 year-over-year unit growth moderated compared to 2009, but our unit economics (e.g. revenue per ticket) improved and our revenue growth accelerated to 13%.
We believe the combination of high unemployment rates, pressure on consumer spending, European volcanic activity and related travel disruptions, foreign currency fluctuations, overall uncertainty about the European economy, actual and threatened labor strikes and rising airfares caused some ongoing uncertainty and volatility in the travel market during 2010. Global economic conditions remain uncertain and, as such, our near-term visibility remains limited.
Airline Sector
The airline sector in particular has historically experienced significant turmoil. In recent years, there has been increased air carrier consolidation, generally resulting in lower overall capacity and higher fares. In addition, air carriers have made significant efforts to keep seat capacity relatively low in order to ensure that demand for seats remained high and flights as full as possible. Reduced seating capacities are generally negative for Expedia as there is less air supply available on our websites, and in turn less opportunity to facilitate hotel rooms, car rental and other services on behalf of air travelers. Ticket prices on Expedia sites declined by 15% year-over-year in 2009 but grew 10% in 2010. Although air capacity discipline appears to generally remain in place, there are early signs that carriers are beginning to add some capacity as we move into 2011.
In the spring of 2009, Expedia.com and other major online travel agencies began offering air tickets to consumers without an associated online booking fee, matching the airline supplier sites. These actions led to robust ticket growth but severe pressure on our revenue per ticket. After we passed the anniversary of these fee cuts, our ticket volume growth moderated, but our revenue per ticket began to grow, leading to an improved revenue performance for our air product. We believe that the economics for our air business are largely stable in the near term, though we could encounter pressure on air remuneration as certain supply agreements renew, and as air carriers and GDSs re-negotiate their long-term agreements in 2011. For example, in late 2010, American Airlines began to pursue a new distribution strategy requiring online travel agents to agree to connect directly to American Airlines’ systems, rather than through GDSs, and our contract with American Airlines expired without renewal resulting in their fares being removed from our leisure travel sites.
Hotel Sector
During the recession, lodging companies generally saw significantly reduced occupancies and ADRs. In that environment, suppliers increasingly turned to Expedia to help fill more rooms while travelers increasingly looked to Expedia to find excellent travel deals. This combination led to robust room night growth and a substantial reduction in our revenue per room night (since our remuneration in our hotel business varies proportionally with the room price). In 2010, occupancy rates and ADRs began to improve for the lodging suppliers in an improving overall travel environment. This led to moderating, though still healthy, room night growth and an improving ADR environment. ADRs for rooms booked on Expedia sites declined by 15% year-over-year for 2009, but grew 1% in 2010.
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Online Travel
Increased usage and familiarity with the internet have driven rapid growth in online penetration of travel expenditures. According to PhoCusWright, an independent travel, tourism and hospitality research firm, in 2010, approximately 54% of U.S. leisure, unmanaged and corporate travel expenditures occurred online, compared with approximately 37% of European travel. Online penetration in the Asia Pacific region is estimated to be around 20%, lagging behind that of Europe. These penetration rates have increased over the past few years, and are expected to continue growing. This significant growth has attracted many competitors to online travel. This competition has intensified in recent years, and the industry is expected to remain highly competitive for the foreseeable future.
In addition to the growth of online travel agencies, airlines and lodging companies have aggressively pursued direct online distribution of their products and services, and supplier growth outpaced online agency growth for several years. As a result, according to PhoCusWright, by 2010 travel supplier sites accounted for 59% of total online travel spend in the United States. More recently, due to booking fee reductions and eliminations, online agents appear to have regained some share of overall online travel spend. Our visibility on whether these share gains continue in 2011 and beyond is limited.
Differentiation among the various website offerings has narrowed dramatically in the past several years, and the travel landscape has grown extremely competitive, with the need for competitors to generally differentiate their offerings on features other than price. Competitive entrants such as “metasearch” companies have in some cases been able to introduce differentiated features and content compared with the legacy online travel agency companies; although in most cases they are not providing actual travel booking services. Some of these competitors have raised significant amounts of capital and have begun to aggressively market their service offerings. In addition, beginning in 2009 and through 2010, we have seen increased interest in the online travel industry from search engine companies as evidenced by recent innovations and proposed and actual acquisitions by companies such as Google and Microsoft.
The online travel industry has also seen the development of alternative business models and variations in the timing of payment by travelers and to suppliers, which in some cases place pressure on historical business models. In particular, the agency hotel model has seen rapid adoption in Europe and, in 2009, Expedia introduced a competitive offering. While agency hotel is an important component of our European strategy, we expect it will continue to take time for Expedia to drive meaningful demand to those hotels.
Intense competition has also historically led to aggressive marketing spend by the travel suppliers and intermediaries, and a meaningful reduction in our overall marketing efficiencies and operating margins. In 2009, we experienced a reversal of these trends due to several factors including the softer macro environment, lower ad rates and a pullback in spend by some of our online competitors impacted by lower fee revenues. Our marketing spend in 2010 has returned to a more normalized environment as the economy has improved and as we have increased marketing spend associated with our international growth opportunities. We believe that over the long term we can manage our sales and marketing expense largely in line with revenue growth.As a result of our large and growing travel advertising business, we have a partial hedge with regard to the price of advertising. As advertising prices rise, our leisure transaction brands may spend more on their marketing efforts, while the TripAdvisor Media Network benefits from rising prices through revenue growth.
Strategy
We play a fundamental role in facilitating travel, whether for leisure, unmanaged business or managed business travelers. We are committed to providing travelers, travel suppliers and advertisers the world over with the best set of resources to serve their travel needs by leveraging Expedia’s critical assets — our brand portfolio, technology and content innovation, global reach and breadth of product offering. In addition, we intelligently utilize our growing base of knowledge about destinations, activities, suppliers and travelers and our central position in the travel value chain to more effectively merchandise our travel offerings.
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A discussion of the critical assets that we leverage in achieving our business strategy follows:
Portfolio of Travel Brands. We seek to appeal to the broadest possible range of travelers, suppliers and advertisers through our collection of industry-leading brands. We target several different demographics, from the value-conscious traveler through our Hotwire brand to luxury travelers seeking a high-touch, customized vacation package through our Classic Vacations brand.
We believe our flagship Expedia brand appeals to the broadest range of travelers, with our extensive product offering ranging from single item bookings of discounted product to dynamic bundling of higher-end travel packages. Our Hotels.com site and its international versions target travelers with premium hotel content such as 360 degree tours and hotel reviews. In the United States, Hotels.com generally appeals to travelers with shorter booking windows who prefer to drive to their destinations, and who make a significant portion of their travel bookings over the telephone.
We have a robust and growing advertising business, led primarily by the efforts of the TripAdvisor Media Network, which offers travel and other advertisers a host of alternatives for reaching customers in our prime demographic. The majority of advertising revenue is generated through click-based advertising, but we also have a growing display advertising business as well as other new products such as hotel business listings, vacation rentals, and a new private sale site, SniqueAway. TripAdvisor generates customer traffic to its sites by offering a broad and deep selection of hotel reviews and other user-generated content to help travelers make decisions about where to travel, where to stay and what to do while on vacation. We also generate advertising revenue on our transaction sites, primarily through efforts of Expedia Media Solutions.
Egencia makes travel products and services available on a managed basis to corporate travelers in North America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region.
We believe our appeal to suppliers and advertisers is further enhanced by our geographic breadth and range of business models, allowing them to offer their products and services to the industry’s broadest range of travelers using our various agency, merchant and advertising business models. We intend to continue supporting and investing in our brand portfolio, geographic footprint and business models for the benefit of our travelers, suppliers and advertisers.
Technology and Content Innovation. Expedia has an established tradition of technology innovation, from Expedia.com’s inception as a division of Microsoft to our introduction of more recent innovations such as Expedia’s introduction of opaque hotel inventory through its new Unpublished Rates product, TripAdvisor Media Network’s launch of the new private sale site, SniqueAway, through its Smarter Travel Media brand, and Expedia Affiliate Network’s introduction of EAN Package Rates, that gives Expedia affiliates the ability to bundle their inventory with Expedia hotel package rates. In addition, in 2010, we increased our focus on mobile offerings and acquired Mobiata, a mobile application development company, to accelerate these efforts.
We intend to continue innovating on behalf of our travelers, suppliers and advertisers with particular focus on improving the traveler experience, supplier integration and presentation, platform improvements, search engine marketing and search engine optimization.
Global Reach. Our Expedia, Hotels.com and TripAdvisor Media Network brands operate both in North America and internationally. We also offer Chinese travelers an array of products and services through our majority ownership in eLong and through our TripAdvisor brands daodao.com and kuxun.cn, and we offer hotels to European-based travelers through Venere. In 2010, approximately 36% of our worldwide gross bookings and 38% of worldwide revenue were international.
Egencia, our corporate travel business, operates in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia Pacific region using direct points of sale as well as strategic partnerships. We believe the corporate travel sector represents a significant opportunity for Expedia, and we believe we offer a compelling technology solution to businesses seeking to optimize travel costs and improve their employees’ travel experiences. We intend to continue investing in and expanding the geographic footprint and technology infrastructure of Egencia.
In expanding our global reach, we leverage significant investments in technology, operations, brand building, supplier relationships and other initiatives that we have made since the launch of Expedia.com in 1996.
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We intend to continue leveraging this investment when launching additional points of sale in new countries, introducing new website features, adding supplier products and services including new business model offerings, as well as proprietary and user-generated content for travelers.
Our scale of operations enhances the value of technology innovations we introduce on behalf of our travelers and suppliers. As an example, our traveler review feature — whereby our travelers have created millions of qualified reviews of hotel properties — is able to accumulate a larger base of reviews due to the higher base of online traffic that frequents our various websites. In addition, our increasing scale enhances our websites’ appeal to travel and non-travel advertisers.
We intend to continue investing in and growing our international points of sale. We anticipate launching points of sale in additional countries where we find large travel markets and rapid growth of online commerce. Future launches may occur under any of our brands, or through acquisition of third party brands, as in the case of Egencia, eLong, Kuxun and Venere.
Breadth of Product Offering. We offer a comprehensive array of innovative travel products and services to our travelers. We plan to continue improving and growing these offerings, as well as expand them to our worldwide points of sale over time. Travelers can interact with us how and when they prefer, including via our 24/7 1-800 telesales service, which is an integral part of the Company’s appeal to travelers. We offer travelers access to over 130,000 hotels and over 300 airlines in over 200 countries around the world.
Over 60% of our revenue comes from transactions involving the booking of hotel reservations, with less than 15% of our worldwide revenue derived from the sale of airline tickets. We facilitate travel products and services either as stand-alone products or as part of package transactions. We have emphasized growing our merchant hotel and packages businesses as these result in higher revenue per transaction; however, we are working to grow our global agency hotel business through our Venere, Expedia and Hotel.com brands. We also seek to continue diversifying our revenue mix beyond core air and hotel products to car rental, destination services, cruise and other product offerings. We have been working toward and will continue to work toward increasing the mix of advertising and media revenue from both the expansion of our TripAdvisor Media Network, as well as increasing advertising revenue from our worldwide websites such as Expedia.com and Hotels.com, which have historically been focused on transaction revenue. In 2010, advertising and media revenue accounted for approximately 13% of worldwide revenue.
Seasonality
We generally experience seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our travel products and services. For example, traditional leisure travel bookings are generally the highest in the first three quarters as travelers plan and book their spring, summer and holiday travel. The number of bookings typically decreases in the fourth quarter. Because revenue in the merchant business is generally recognized when the travel takes place rather than when it is booked, revenue typically lags bookings by several weeks or longer. As a result, revenue is typically the lowest in the first quarter and highest in the third quarter. The macroeconomic downturn in the latter part of 2008 also affected our general revenue seasonality trends in the fourth quarter of 2008. In addition, the continued growth of our international operations or a change in our product mix may influence the typical trend of our seasonality in the future.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we believe are important in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements because they require that we use judgment and estimates in applying those policies. We prepare our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Preparation of the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the
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consolidated financial statements as well as revenue and expenses during the periods reported. We base our estimates on historical experience, where applicable, and other assumption that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There are certain critical estimates that we believe require significant judgment in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if:
| • | It requires us to make an assumption because information was not available at the time or it included matters that were highly uncertain at the time we were making the estimate; and/or |
| • | Changes in the estimate or different estimates that we could have selected may have had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. |
For more information on each of these policies, see Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies, in the notes to consolidated financial statements. We discuss information about the nature and rationale for our critical accounting estimates below.
Accounting for Certain Merchant Revenue
We accrue the cost of certain merchant revenue based on the amount we expect to be billed by suppliers. In certain instances when a supplier invoices us for less than the cost we accrued, we generally recognize those amounts as revenue six months in arrears, net of an allowance, when we determine it is not probable that we will be required to pay the supplier, based on historical experience and contract terms. Actual revenue could be greater or less than the amounts estimated due to changes in hotel billing practices or changes in traveler behavior.
Marketing Promotions
We periodically provide incentive offers to our customers to encourage booking of travel products and services, which include inducement offers. Inducement offers include discounts granted at the time of a current purchase to be applied against a future qualifying purchase. We treat inducement offers as a reduction to revenue based on estimated future redemption rates. We allocate the discount amount between the current purchase and the potential future purchase based on our expected relative value of the transactions. We estimate our redemption rates using our historical experience for similar inducement offers, and the amounts we record as a reduction to revenue on current purchases could vary significantly based on the redemption estimates used.
Loyalty Program Accruals
We offer certain internally administered traveler loyalty programs to our customers, such as our Hotels.com welcomerewards program. Welcomerewards offers travelers one free night at any Hotels.com partner property after that traveler stays 10 nights, subject to certain restrictions. As travelers accumulate points towards free travel products, we record a liability for the estimated future cost of redemptions. We determine the future redemption obligation based on judgment factors including: (i) the estimated cost of travel products to be redeemed, and (ii) an estimated redemption rate based on the overall accumulation and usage of points towards free travel products, which is determined through current and historical trends as well as statistical modeling techniques. The actual future cost and rate of redemptions could differ materially from our estimates.
Recoverability of Goodwill and Indefinite and Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill. We assess goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1, or more frequently, if events and circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. The impairment test requires us to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of that
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reporting unit is potentially impaired and we proceed to step two of the impairment analysis. In step two of the analysis, we will record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value should such a circumstance arise.
We generally base our measurement of fair value of reporting units on a blended analysis of the present value of future discounted cash flows and market valuation approach. The discounted cash flows model indicates the fair value of the reporting units based on the present value of the cash flows that we expect the reporting units to generate in the future. Our significant estimates in the discounted cash flows model include: our weighted average cost of capital; long-term rate of growth and profitability of our business; and working capital effects. The market valuation approach indicates the fair value of the business based on a comparison of the Company to comparable publicly traded firms in similar lines of business. Our significant estimates in the market approach model include identifying similar companies with comparable business factors such as size, growth, profitability, risk and return on investment and assessing comparable revenue and operating income multiples in estimating the fair value of the reporting units.
We believe the weighted use of discounted cash flows and market approach is the best method for determining the fair value of our reporting units because these are the most common valuation methodologies used within the travel and internet industries; and the blended use of both models compensates for the inherent risks associated with either model if used on a stand-alone basis.
In addition to measuring the fair value of our reporting units as described above, we consider the combined carrying and fair values of our reporting units in relation to the Company’s total fair value of equity plus debt as of the assessment date. Our equity value assumes our fully diluted market capitalization, using either the stock price on the valuation date or the average stock price over a range of dates around the valuation date, plus an estimated acquisition premium which is based on observable transactions of comparable companies. The debt value is based on the highest value expected to be paid to repurchase the debt, which can be fair value, principal or principal plus a premium depending on the terms of each debt instrument.
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets. We base our measurement of fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, which primarily consist of trade name and trademarks, using the relief-from-royalty method. This method assumes that the trade name and trademarks have value to the extent that their owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them. This method requires us to estimate the future revenue for the related brands, the appropriate royalty rate and the weighted average cost of capital.
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets. We review the carrying value of long-lived assets or asset groups to be used in operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Factors that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, a significant adverse change in legal factors or the business climate that could affect the value of the asset, or a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, among others. If such facts indicate a potential impairment, we would assess the recoverability of an asset group by determining if the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the sum of the projected undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets over the remaining economic life of the primary asset in the asset group. If the recoverability test indicates that the carrying value of the asset group is not recoverable, we will estimate the fair value of the asset group using appropriate valuation methodologies, which would typically include an estimate of discounted cash flows. Any impairment would be measured as the difference between the asset groups carrying amount and its estimated fair value.
The use of different estimates or assumptions in determining the fair value of our goodwill, indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets may result in different values for these assets, which could result in an impairment or, in period in which an impairment is recognized, could result in a materially different impairment charge. As of October 1, 2010 and 2009, the fair value of each goodwill reporting unit significantly exceeded its carrying values. For additional information about our goodwill and intangible asset impairments recorded in 2008, see Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net in the notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Income Taxes
We record income taxes under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect our estimation of the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for book and tax purposes. We determine deferred income taxes based on the differences in accounting methods and timing between financial statement and income tax reporting. Accordingly, we determine the deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference based on the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when we realize the underlying items of income and expense. We consider many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of our deferred tax assets, including our recent earnings experience by jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income, and the carryforward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, as well as other relevant factors. We may establish a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. Due to inherent complexities arising from the nature of our businesses, future changes in income tax law, tax sharing agreements or variances between our actual and anticipated operating results, we make certain judgments and estimates. Therefore, actual income taxes could materially vary from these estimates.
We record liabilities to address uncertain tax positions we have taken in previously filed tax returns or that we expect to take in a future tax return. The determination for required liabilities is based upon an analysis of each individual tax position, taking into consideration whether it is more likely than not that our tax position, based on technical merits, will be sustained upon examination. For those positions for which we conclude it is more likely than not it will be sustained, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority. The difference between the amount recognized and the total tax position is recorded as a liability. The ultimate resolution of these tax positions may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded.
Other Long-Term Liabilities
Various Legal and Tax Contingencies. We record liabilities to address potential exposures related to business and tax positions we have taken that have been or could be challenged by taxing authorities. In addition, we record liabilities associated with legal proceedings and lawsuits. These liabilities are recorded when the likelihood of payment is probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. The determination for required liabilities is based upon analysis of each individual tax issue, or legal proceeding, taking into consideration the likelihood of adverse judgments and the range of possible loss. In addition, our analysis may be based on discussions with outside legal counsel. The ultimate resolution of these potential tax exposures and legal proceedings may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded.
Occupancy Tax. Some states and localities impose a transient occupancy or accommodation tax on the use or occupancy of hotel accommodations. Generally, hotels collect taxes based on the rate paid to the hotel and remit these taxes to the various tax authorities. When a customer books a room through one of our travel services, we collect a tax recovery charge from the customer which we pay to the hotel. We calculate the tax recovery charge by applying the occupancy tax rate supplied to us by the hotels to the amount that the hotel has agreed to receive for the rental of the room by the consumer. In all but a limited number of jurisdictions, we do not collect or remit occupancy taxes, nor do we pay occupancy taxes to the hotel operator, on the portion of the customer payment we retain. Some jurisdictions have questioned our practice in this regard. While the applicable tax provisions vary among the jurisdictions, we generally believe that we are not required to pay such occupancy taxes. We are engaged in discussions with tax authorities in various jurisdictions to resolve this issue. Some tax authorities have brought lawsuits or have levied assessments asserting that we are required to collect and remit occupancy tax. The ultimate resolution in all jurisdictions cannot be determined at this time. Certain jurisdictions may require us to pay tax assessments, including occupancy tax assessments, prior to contesting any such assessments.
We have established a reserve for the potential settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy taxes for prior and current periods, consistent with applicable accounting principles and in light of all current facts and circumstances. A variety of factors could affect the amount of the liability (both past and future), which factors
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include, but are not limited to, the number of, and amount of revenue represented by, jurisdictions that ultimately assert a claim and prevail in assessing such additional tax or negotiate a settlement and changes in relevant statutes.
We note that there are more than 7,000 taxing jurisdictions in the United States, and it is not feasible to analyze the statutes, regulations and judicial and administrative rulings in every jurisdiction. Rather, we have obtained the advice of state and local tax experts with respect to tax laws of certain states and local jurisdictions that represent a large portion of our hotel revenue. Many of the statutes and regulations that impose hotel occupancy taxes were established before the emergence of the internet and e-commerce. Certain jurisdictions, such as the states of New York and North Carolina and the city of New York, have enacted, and others may enact, legislation regarding the imposition of occupancy taxes on businesses that arrange the booking of hotel accommodations. We continue to work with the relevant tax authorities and legislators to clarify our obligations under new and emerging laws and regulations. We will continue to monitor the issue closely and provide additional disclosure, as well as adjust the level of reserves, as developments warrant. Additionally, certain of our businesses are involved in occupancy tax related litigation which is discussed in Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings. Recent occupancy tax developments are also discussed below under the caption “Occupancy Taxes.”
Stock-Based Compensation
In 2009 and 2010, we awarded stock options as our primary form of employee stock-based compensation. We measure the value of stock option awards on the date of grant at fair value using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. We amortize the fair value, net of estimated forfeitures, over the remaining term on a straight-line basis. The Black-Scholes model requires various highly judgmental assumptions including volatility and expected option term. If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model change significantly, stock-based compensation expense may differ materially in the future from that recorded in the current period.
We record stock-based compensation expense net of estimated forfeitures. In determining the estimated forfeiture rates for stock-based awards, we periodically conduct an assessment of the actual number of equity awards that have been forfeited to date as well as those expected to be forfeited in the future. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including the type of award, the employee class and historical experience. The estimate of stock awards that will ultimately be forfeited requires significant judgment and to the extent that actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period such estimates are revised.
New Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to consolidated financial statements.
Occupancy Taxes
We are currently involved in 51 lawsuits brought by or against states, cities and counties over issues involving the payment of hotel occupancy taxes. We continue to defend these lawsuits vigorously. With respect to the principal claims in these matters, we believe that the ordinances at issue do not apply to the services we provide, namely the facilitation of hotel reservations, and, therefore, that we do not owe the taxes that are claimed to be owed. We believe that the ordinances at issue generally impose occupancy and other taxes on entities that own, operate or control hotels (or similar businesses) or furnish or provide hotel rooms or similar accommodations.
Recent developments include:
| • | New lawsuits have been brought, including suits by the states of Oklahoma and Montana as well as Montgomery County, Maryland. |
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| • | The South Carolina Supreme Court in theSouth Carolina Litigation ruled that the amounts that the online travel companies retain for the services that they provide in connection with merchant hotel transactions are subject to state sales taxes. |
| • | The court in theColumbus-Findlay, Ohio Litigation entered final judgment in favor of the online travel companies after concluding that the online travel companies have not failed to remit taxes that they have collected. |
| • | The court in thePhiladelphia Litigation affirmed the decision of the Philadelphia Board of Finance that Expedia is not subject to Philadelphia’s hotel occupancy tax. |
| • | The court in theOrange County, Florida Litigation denied Orange County’s request for a determination that the online travel companies are subject to Orange County’s hotel occupancy tax ordinance. |
| • | The court in theLawrence County, Pennsylvania Litigationdismissed the lawsuit against the online travel companies. |
| • | Suit was brought by certain online travel companies, including certain Expedia subsidiaries, challenging the state of North Carolina’s amended sales tax statute. |
For additional information on recent developments, see Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings.
We have established a reserve for the potential settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy tax litigation, consistent with applicable accounting principles and in light of all current facts and circumstances, in the amount of $24 million as of December 31, 2010 and $21 million as of December 31, 2009. A variety of factors could affect the ultimate amount we pay, if any, in connection with any of the occupancy tax-related matters. In addition, as of December 31, 2010, we have accrued $13 million related to court decisions and final settlements, which includes amounts expected to be paid in connection with theSouth Carolina Litigation.
Certain jurisdictions may require us to pay tax assessments, including occupancy tax assessments, prior to contesting any such assessments. This requirement is commonly referred to as “pay-to-play.” Payment of these amounts is not an admission that the taxpayer believes it is subject to such taxes. During 2010 and 2009, we expensed $3 million and $48 million related to monies paid in advance of litigation in occupancy tax proceedings in the cities of Santa Monica and San Francisco. We do not believe that the amounts we retain as compensation are subject to the cities’ hotel occupancy tax ordinances. If we prevail in the litigation, the cities will be required to repay these amounts, plus interest. However, any significant pay-to-play payment or litigation loss could negatively impact our liquidity.
In addition, certain jurisdictions, including the states of New York and North Carolina and the city of New York, have enacted legislation taxing online travel company services as part of sales taxes for hotel occupancy.
Segments
We have three reportable segments: Leisure, the TripAdvisor Media Network and Egencia. We determined our segments based on how our chief operating decision makers manage our business, make operating decisions and evaluate operating performance.
Our Leisure segment provides a full range of travel and advertising services to our worldwide customers through a variety of brands including: Expedia.com and Hotels.com in the United States and localized Expedia and Hotels.com websites throughout the world, Expedia Affiliate Network, Hotwire.com, Venere, eLong and Classic Vacations.
Our TripAdvisor Media Network segment provides advertising services to travel suppliers on its websites, which aggregate traveler opinions and unbiased travel articles about cities, hotels, restaurants and activities in a variety of destinations through tripadvisor.com and its localized international versions as well as through its various travel media content properties within the TripAdvisor Media Network.
Our Egencia segment provides managed travel services to corporate customers in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region.
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Operating Metrics
Our operating results are affected by certain metrics, such as gross bookings and revenue margin, which we believe are necessary for understanding and evaluating Expedia. Gross bookings represent the total retail value of transactions booked for both agency and merchant transactions, recorded at the time of booking reflecting the total price due for travel by travelers, including taxes, fees and other charges, and are generally reduced for cancellations and refunds. As travelers have increased their use of the internet to book travel arrangements, we have seen our gross bookings increase, reflecting the growth in the online travel industry and our business acquisitions. Revenue margin is defined as revenue as a percentage of gross bookings.
Gross Bookings and Revenue Margin
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Bookings | ||||||||||||||||||||
Leisure | $ | 24,018 | $ | 20,428 | $ | 19,749 | 18 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||
TripAdvisor Media Network(1) | — | — | — | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||
Egencia | 1,944 | 1,383 | 1,520 | 41 | % | (9 | %) | |||||||||||||
Total gross bookings | $ | 25,962 | $ | 21,811 | $ | 21,269 | 19 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||
Revenue Margin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Leisure | 12.0 | % | 12.9 | % | 13.3 | % | ||||||||||||||
TripAdvisor Media Network(1) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||
Egencia | 7.4 | % | 7.8 | % | 7.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
Total revenue margin(1) | 12.9 | % | 13.6 | % | 13.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
| (1) | The TripAdvisor Media Network, which is comprised of media businesses that differ from our transaction-based websites and our Egencia business, does not have associated gross bookings or revenue margin. However, third-party revenue from the TripAdvisor Media Network is included in revenue used to calculate total revenue margin. |
The increase in worldwide gross bookings in 2010 as compared to 2009 was primarily due to a 14% growth in transactions, a 10% increase in average airfares and a 1% increase in hotel ADRs. The increase in worldwide gross bookings in 2009 as compared to 2008 was primarily due to an 18% growth in transactions, substantially offset by lower prices for airline tickets and hotel room nights.
The decrease in revenue margin in 2010 as compared to 2009 was primarily due to higher average air ticket prices, partially offset by growth in advertising and media revenue. The decrease in revenue margin in 2009 as compared to 2008 was primarily due to the reduction in traveler fees, the impact of our loyalty programs and a greater mix of lower margin hotels, partially offset by lower air ticket prices and a reduction in the mix of lower margin air product.
Results of Operations
Revenue
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue by Segment | ||||||||||||||||||||
Leisure | $ | 2,891 | $ | 2,635 | $ | 2,626 | 10 | % | 0 | % | ||||||||||
TripAdvisor Media Network (Third-party revenue) | 314 | 212 | 201 | 48 | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||
Egencia | 143 | 108 | 110 | 32 | % | (1 | %) | |||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 3,348 | $ | 2,955 | $ | 2,937 | 13 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||
In 2010, the increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase in worldwide hotel revenue within our Leisure segment as well as an increase in advertising and media revenue within TripAdvisor Media Network.
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Worldwide hotel revenue increased 11% in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to a 14% increase in room nights stayed, including rooms delivered as a component of packages, partially offset by a 3% decline in revenue per room night.
Worldwide air revenue increased 12% in 2010 compared to 2009 due to an 11% increase in air tickets sold and a 1% increase in revenue per air ticket.
Worldwide revenue other than hotel and air discussed above, which includes advertising and media, car rental, destination services and agency cruise, increased by 19% in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to an increase in our advertising and media revenue.
In 2009, the increase in revenue was primarily due to increases within our Leisure segment in hotel, car and advertising and media revenue and an increase within our TripAdvisor Media Segment in advertising and media revenue. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in air revenue.
Worldwide hotel revenue increased 2% in 2009 compared to 2008 primarily due to a 23% increase in room nights stayed, including rooms delivered as a component of packages and room nights booked through Venere (which we acquired in September 2008), partially offset by a 17% decline in revenue per room night. Revenue per room night declined largely due to a 15% decrease in ADRs, including a reduction in traveler fees. Excluding room nights stayed through Venere, room nights grew 20% for the year.
Worldwide air revenue decreased 13% in 2009 compared to 2008 due to a 24% decrease in revenue per air ticket, partially offset by a 15% increase in ticket volumes. Expedia.com eliminated consumer booking fees on online air tickets in March 2009, with certain other points of sale following at various dates into the third quarter of 2009, which primarily drove the decline in revenue per ticket. This elimination of fees on Expedia.com and other points of sale, combined with lower average ticket prices, contributed to the increase in our air ticketing volumes.
Worldwide revenue other than hotel and air discussed above increased by 5% in 2009 compared to 2008 primarily due to an increase in our advertising and media revenue and car rental revenue.
In addition to the above segment and product revenue discussion, our revenue by business model is as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue by Business Model | ||||||||||||||||||||
Merchant | $ | 2,220 | $ | 2,005 | $ | 2,004 | 11 | % | 0 | % | ||||||||||
Agency | 705 | 639 | 651 | 10 | % | (2 | %) | |||||||||||||
Advertising and media(1) | 423 | 311 | 282 | 36 | % | 10 | % | |||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 3,348 | $ | 2,955 | $ | 2,937 | 13 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||
| (1) | Includes third-party revenue from TripAdvisor Media Network as well as our Leisure transaction-based websites. |
Our merchant revenue for 2010 compared to 2009 increased due to an increase in merchant hotel revenue primarily driven by an increase in room nights stayed. Our merchant revenue for 2009 compared to 2008 was relatively flat as increases in car revenue were offset by decreases in air revenue.
Agency revenue increased for 2010 compared to 2009 due to an increase in air revenue as well as increases in hotel, corporate products, cruise and destination service revenue. Agency revenue decreased for 2009 compared to 2008 due to a decrease in air revenue primarily resulting from our Expedia.com U.S. booking fee removal and decreased agency package revenue, partially offset by higher hotel revenue related to Venere and higher car revenue.
Advertising and media revenue increased in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to a 48% increase in advertising revenue at TripAdvisor Media Network. Advertising and media revenue increased in 2009 compared to 2008 primarily due to a 21% increase in advertising revenue at our Leisure transaction-based websites as well as a 6% increase at TripAdvisor Media Network.
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Cost of Revenue
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Customer operations | $ | 326 | $ | 293 | $ | 295 | 11 | % | (1 | %) | ||||||||||
Credit card processing | 221 | 178 | 200 | 24 | % | (11 | %) | |||||||||||||
Data center and other | 146 | 136 | 144 | 7 | % | (5 | %) | |||||||||||||
Total cost of revenue | $ | 693 | $ | 607 | $ | 639 | 14 | % | (5 | %) | ||||||||||
% of revenue | 20.7 | % | 20.5 | % | 21.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue primarily consists of (1) customer operations, including our customer support and telesales as well as fees to air ticket fulfillment vendors, (2) credit card processing, including merchant fees, charge backs and fraud, and (3) other costs, primarily including data center costs to support our websites, certain promotions, destination supply, and stock-based compensation.
In 2010, the primary drivers of the increase in cost of revenue expense were higher costs related to credit card processing, customer service and telesales to support the growth in our transaction volumes.
In 2009, the primary drivers of the decrease in cost of revenue expense were a decrease in credit card processing costs as a result of our technology investments, lower promotions expense and air fulfillment efficiencies primarily resulting from bringing some of our air ticket fulfillment operations in-house.
Selling and Marketing
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Direct costs | $ | 866 | $ | 747 | $ | 826 | 16 | % | (10 | %) | ||||||||||
Indirect costs | 338 | 280 | 279 | 21 | % | 0 | % | |||||||||||||
Total selling and marketing | $ | 1,204 | $ | 1,027 | $ | 1,105 | 17 | % | (7 | %) | ||||||||||
% of revenue | 36.0 | % | 34.8 | % | 37.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing expense primarily relates to direct costs, including traffic generation costs from search engines and internet portals, television, radio and print spending, private label and affiliate program commissions, public relations and other costs. The remainder of the expense relates to indirect costs, including personnel and related overhead in our Partner Services Group, the TripAdvisor Media Network, Egencia and our various Leisure brands and stock-based compensation costs.
Selling and marketing expenses increased $177 million in 2010 compared to 2009 due to an increase in online and offline marketing expenses, including search engine marketing, brand advertising and affiliate marketing expenses, and higher personnel costs, including those associated with opening a new global headquarters for our lodging supply group, as well as higher professional service costs.
Selling and marketing expenses decreased $78 million in 2009 compared to 2008 due to lower offline brand spending for our global websites, lower online spend as well as lower private label and affiliate expenses associated with the lower overall travel demand environment. Offline and online advertising spend decreased primarily as a result of a lower cost advertising environment, our investments in search engine optimization and marketing, and costs for other customer value enhancements that stimulate demand but do not impact selling and marketing expense such as fee reductions and loyalty programs. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in direct costs for Venere.
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Technology and Content
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Personnel and overhead | $ | 188 | $ | 167 | $ | 156 | 13 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization of technology assets | 77 | 68 | 48 | 12 | % | 42 | % | |||||||||||||
Other | 97 | 85 | 84 | 14 | % | 2 | % | |||||||||||||
Total technology and content | $ | 362 | $ | 320 | $ | 288 | 13 | % | 11 | % | ||||||||||
% of revenue | 10.8 | % | 10.8 | % | 9.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
Technology and content expense includes product development and content expense, as well as information technology costs to support our infrastructure, back-office applications and overall monitoring and security of our networks, and is principally comprised of personnel and overhead, depreciation and amortization of technology assets including hardware, and purchased and internally developed software, and other costs including licensing and maintenance expense and stock-based compensation.
The year-over-year increase of $42 million in technology and content expense in 2010 was primarily due to increased personnel costs for increased headcount, including contractors, to support our worldwide transaction-based businesses and our TripAdvisor Media Network businesses, an increase in consulting and professional fees as well as an increase in depreciation expense.
The year-over-year increase of $32 million in technology and content expense in 2009 was primarily due to increased depreciation and amortization of technology assets as well as increased incentive compensation expense.
General and Administrative
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Personnel and overhead | $ | 174 | $ | 158 | $ | 154 | 10 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||
Professional fees and other | 140 | 132 | 115 | 6 | % | 15 | % | |||||||||||||
Total general and administrative | $ | 314 | $ | 290 | $ | 269 | 8 | % | 8 | % | ||||||||||
% of revenue | 9.4 | % | 9.8 | % | 9.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel-related costs, including our executive leadership, finance, legal and human resource functions as well as fees for external professional services including legal, tax and accounting, and other costs including stock-based compensation.
In 2010, the increase in general and administrative expense was primarily due to an increase in our reserves for court decisions and the potential and final settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy taxes as well as higher personnel expenses, recruiting and travel expenses, partially offset by a reduction in legal and related fees primarily due to the timing of litigation.
In 2009, the increase in general and administrative expense was primarily due to an increase in legal fees, settlements and other professional fees of $16 million, including costs related to the consumer class action lawsuit and occupancy tax matters, as well as higher personnel costs resulting from increased incentive compensation expense.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | $ | 37 | $ | 38 | $ | 69 | (1 | %) | (46 | %) | ||||||||||
% of revenue | 1.1 | % | 1.3 | % | 2.4 | % | ||||||||||||||
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In 2010, the decrease in amortization of intangible assets expense was primarily due to the completion of amortization related to certain intangible assets, partially offset by a charge of approximately $4 million related to changes in the estimated value of contingent purchase consideration and amortization related to new business acquisitions. In 2009, the decrease in amortization of intangible assets expense was primarily due to the completion of amortization related to certain technology, supplier relationship and distribution agreement intangible assets, partially offset by amortization related to new business acquisitions. For additional information about our acquisitions, see Note 3 — Acquisitions and Other Investments in the notes to consolidated financial statements.
Occupancy Tax Assessments and Legal Reserves
During 2010, we recognized $3 million related to monies paid in advance of litigation in the Santa Monica occupancy tax proceedings and a $3 million expense related to an increase in the estimated coupon redemption rate related to the Expedia consumer class action lawsuit. During 2009, we recognized $48 million related to monies paid in advance of litigation in the San Francisco occupancy tax proceedings and an accrual of $19 million for the estimated settlement cost of the Expedia consumer class action lawsuit. For additional information, see Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Restructuring Charges
During 2009, in conjunction with the reorganization of our business around our global brands, and the resulting centralization of locations and brand management, marketing and administrative personnel as well as certain customer operations centers, we recognized $34 million in restructuring charges. These charges were primarily related to employee severance and related benefits. Restructuring charges related to the brand reorganization were completed by the end of 2009. For additional information, see Note 13 — Restructuring Charges in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Impairment of Goodwill, Intangible and Other Long-lived Assets
In 2008, we recorded impairments of approximately $3 billion of long-term assets, which consisted of $2.8 billion of goodwill, $223 million of intangible assets and $11 million related to capitalized software. Impaired intangible assets consisted of certain of our indefinite-lived trade names. For additional information about our impairments, see Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net in the notes to consolidated financial statements.
We recorded no such impairments in 2010 and 2009.
Operating Income (Loss)
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | $ | 732 | $ | 571 | $ | (2,429 | ) | 28 | % | N/A | ||||||||||
% of revenue | 21.9 | % | 19.3 | % | (82.7 | )% | ||||||||||||||
In 2010, operating income increased primarily due to an increase in revenue, which was offset by a corresponding increase to operating expenses, as well as restructuring charges recorded in 2009 that did not recur and higher occupancy tax assessments and legal reserves recorded in 2009.
In 2009, the change to operating income was due to the prior year impairment of long-term assets of approximately $3 billion. In addition, selling and marketing expense and cost of revenue decreased compared to the increase in revenue, partially offset by the San Francisco occupancy tax assessments, restructuring charges and class action settlement legal reserve as well as growth in technology and content and general and administrative expenses at rates in excess of revenue growth.
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Interest Income and Expense
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | $ | 7 | $ | 6 | $ | 30 | 15 | % | (80 | %) | ||||||||||
Interest expense | (101 | ) | (84 | ) | (72 | ) | 20 | % | 17 | % | ||||||||||
Interest income increased in 2010, compared to 2009, primarily due to higher average cash and investment balances. Interest expense increased in 2010, compared to 2009, primarily resulting from additional interest on the $750 million senior unsecured notes issued in August 2010.
Interest income decreased in 2009, compared to 2008, primarily due to lower average interest rates. Interest expense increased in 2009, compared to 2008, primarily resulting from interest on the $400 million senior unsecured notes issued in June 2008, partially offset by lower interest expense related to our revolving credit facility.
At December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, our long-term indebtedness totaled $1.645 billion, $895 million, and $1.545 billion.
Other, net
Other, net is comprised of the following:
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange rate losses, net | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (30 | ) | $ | (47 | ) | (41 | %) | (37 | %) | |||||||
Noncontrolling investment basis adjustment | — | (5 | ) | — | (100 | %) | N/A | |||||||||||||
Other | 1 | — | 3 | N/A | (110 | %) | ||||||||||||||
Total other, net | $ | (17 | ) | $ | (35 | ) | $ | (44 | ) | (51 | %) | (20 | %) | |||||||
In 2008, in connection with the closing of an acquisition and the related holding of euros to economically hedge the purchase price, we recognized a net loss of $21 million, included in foreign exchange rate losses, net.
Provision for Income Taxes
| Year ended December 31, | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | $ | 195 | $ | 154 | $ | 6 | 26 | % | N/A | |||||||||||
Effective tax rate | 31.4 | % | 33.7 | % | (0.2 | )% | ||||||||||||||
In 2010, our effective tax rate was lower than the 35% federal statutory rate primarily due to an increase in earnings in jurisdictions outside the United States, where our effective rate is lower, and a reversal of accruals for uncertain tax positions resulting from the conclusion of 2005 to 2007 IRS audits, which reversal was partially offset by state income taxes and accruals on continuing uncertain tax positions. The change in the effective rate for 2010 compared to the 2009 rate was primarily due to an increase in earnings in jurisdictions outside the United States and a reversal of accruals for uncertain tax positions resulting from the conclusion of 2005 to 2007 IRS audits, partially offset by a 2009 deduction relating to the closure of a foreign subsidiary that did not recur in 2010.
In 2009, our effective tax rate was lower than the 35% federal statutory rate primarily due to a fourth quarter deduction relating to the closure of a foreign subsidiary, partially offset by state income taxes. The change in the 2009 effective rate compared to the 2008 rate was primarily due to the impairment of goodwill in 2008, of which
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a substantial portion was not deductible for income tax purposes. Absent the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, our 2008 effective tax rate would have been 41.5%, and our 2009 effective rate was lower than this rate primarily due to the deduction relating to the closure of a foreign subsidiary and, to a lesser extent, lower accruals related to uncertain tax positions.
In 2008, our effective tax rate differed from the 35% statutory rate due to the impairment of goodwill, of which a substantial portion was not deductible for income tax purposes. Absent the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, our 2008 effective tax rate would have been 41.5%, which was higher than the 35% statutory rate primarily due to state income taxes and accruals related to uncertain tax positions.
Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash flows generated from operations; our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment balances, which were $1.2 billion and $688 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, including $153 million and $148 million of cash and short-term investment balances of majority-owned subsidiaries; and our revolving credit facility.
In August 2010, we privately placed $750 million of senior unsecured notes due in August 2020. In December 2010, we completed an offer to exchange these notes for registered notes having substantially the same financial terms and covenants as the original notes (the unregistered and registered notes collectively, the “5.95% Notes”). The 5.95% Notes were issued at 99.893% of par resulting in a discount, which is being amortized over their life. Interest is payable semi-annually in February and August of each year, beginning February 15, 2011.
In February 2010, we entered into a new $750 million, three-year revolving credit facility, replacing our prior credit facility. In August 2010, we amended the new facility, extending the maturity to August 2014, decreasing the interest rate spreads and fees and modifying certain covenants and other terms. Current pricing is based on the Company’s credit ratings, with drawn amounts bearing interest at LIBOR plus 250 basis points, and undrawn amounts bearing interest at 37.5 basis points. As of December 31, 2010, $723 million was available under the facility representing the total $750 million facility less $27 million of outstanding stand-by letters of credit.
Our credit ratings are periodically reviewed by rating agencies. In October 2009, our long-term ratings from Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s were raised to Ba1 and BBB-, respectively. Standard and Poor’s maintains a stable ratings outlook and Moody’s changed its outlook to positive in August 2010. Changes in our operating results, cash flows, or financial position could impact the ratings assigned by the various rating agencies. Should our credit ratings be adjusted downward, we may incur higher costs to borrow, which could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. However, at any time during which Standard and Poor’s and Moody’s assign an investment credit rating to the company and no default exists under the 8.5% Note indenture, certain of the covenants for our 8.5% Notes, including the covenants limiting under certain circumstances our ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make restricted payments and dispose of assets, will be suspended during that time period.
Under the merchant model, we receive cash from travelers at the time of booking and we record these amounts on our consolidated balance sheets as deferred merchant bookings. We pay our airline suppliers related to these merchant model bookings generally within a few weeks after completing the transaction, but we are liable for the full value of such transactions until the flights are completed. For most other merchant bookings, which is primarily our merchant hotel business, we pay after the travelers’ use and subsequent billing from the hotel suppliers. Therefore, generally we receive cash from the traveler prior to paying our supplier, and this operating cycle represents a working capital source of cash to us. As long as the merchant hotel business grows, we expect that changes in working capital related to merchant hotel transactions will positively impact operating cash flows. If the merchant hotel model declines relative to other business models that generally consume working capital, such as agency hotel, managed corporate travel or media, or if there are changes to the merchant model or booking patterns which compress the time of receipts of cash from travelers to payments to suppliers, our overall working capital benefits could be reduced, eliminated or even reversed.
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Seasonal fluctuations in our merchant hotel bookings affect the timing of our annual cash flows. During the first half of the year, hotel bookings have traditionally exceeded stays, resulting in much higher cash flow related to working capital. During the second half of the year, this pattern reverses and cash flows are typically negative. While we expect the impact of seasonal fluctuations to continue, merchant hotel growth rates, changes to the model or booking patterns, as well as changes in the relative mix of merchant hotel transactions compared with transactions in our working capital consuming businesses may counteract or intensify these anticipated seasonal fluctuations.
As of December 31, 2010, we had a deficit in our working capital of $188 million, compared to a deficit of $610 million as of December 31, 2009. The change in deficit is primarily due to financing and investing activities including proceeds from the issuance of the $750 million senior unsecured notes issued in August 2010, partially offset by share repurchases, dividend payments and purchases of marketable securities classified as long-term investments.
We continue to invest in the development and expansion of our operations. Ongoing investments include but are not limited to improvements to infrastructure, which include our servers, networking equipment and software, release improvements to our software code, platform migrations and consolidation and search engine marketing and optimization efforts. Our future capital requirements may include capital needs for acquisitions, share repurchases, dividend payments or expenditures in support of our business strategy; thus reducing our cash balance and/or increasing our debt.
Our cash flows are as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | $ Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 vs 2009 | 2009 vs 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash provided by (used in): | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities | $ | 777 | $ | 676 | $ | 521 | $ | 101 | $ | 155 | ||||||||||
Investing activities | (818 | ) | (48 | ) | (860 | ) | (770 | ) | 812 | |||||||||||
Financing activities | 132 | (660 | ) | 465 | 792 | (1,125 | ) | |||||||||||||
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (20 | ) | 9 | (78 | ) | (29 | ) | 87 | ||||||||||||
In 2010, net cash provided by operating activities increased by $101 million primarily due to higher operating income after adjusting for the impacts of depreciation and amortization as well as a decrease in income tax payments, partially offset by decreased benefits from working capital changes. In 2009, net cash provided by operating activities increased by $155 million primarily due to increased benefits from working capital changes and growth in operating income after adjusting for the impacts of depreciation and amortization, partially offset by an increase in income tax and interest payments as well as occupancy tax assessments.
In 2010, cash used in investing activities increased by $770 million primarily due to increased net purchases of investments of $672 million and an increase in capital expenditures of $63 million. In 2009, cash used in investing activities represented a positive change of $812 million in cash flows primarily due to a $493 million decrease in cash paid for acquisitions, cash provided by the net maturities of investments of $47 million in 2009 compared to $93 million in purchases in 2008 and a decrease in capital expenditures of $68 million.
Cash provided by financing activities in 2010 primarily included the net proceeds of $742 million from the 5.95% senior notes issued in August 2010 and $51 million of proceeds from the exercise of equity awards, partially offset by cash paid to acquire shares of $502 million, including the repurchased shares under the authorizations discussed below, $79 million in cash dividend payments, as well as $78 million paid to acquire additional interests in certain majority owned subsidiaries. Cash used in financing activities in 2009 primarily included the repayment of $650 million of borrowings under the credit facility. Cash provided by financing activities in 2008 primarily included $457 million of net borrowings of debt.
In 2006, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase of up to 20 million outstanding shares of our common stock. On October 25, 2010, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, authorized an additional repurchase of up to 20 million outstanding shares of our common stock. During 2010,
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we repurchased, through open market transactions, 20.6 million shares under these authorizations for a total cost of $489 million, excluding transaction costs, representing an average repurchase price of $23.71 per share. As of December 31, 2010, 19.4 million shares remain authorized for repurchase under the October 2010 authorization. There is no fixed termination date for the repurchases. No additional repurchases have been made under this authorization as of February 10, 2011.
In 2010, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared the following dividends:
Declaration Date | Dividend Per Share | Record Date | Total Amount (in thousands) | Payment Date | ||||||||||||
February 10, 2010 | $ | 0.07 | March 11, 2010 | $ | 20,220 | March 31, 2010 | ||||||||||
April 27, 2010 | 0.07 | May 27, 2010 | 19,902 | June 17, 2010 | ||||||||||||
July 26, 2010 | 0.07 | August 26, 2010 | 19,703 | September 16, 2010 | ||||||||||||
October 25, 2010 | 0.07 | November 18, 2010 | 19,251 | December 9, 2010 | ||||||||||||
In addition, on February 9, 2011, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share of outstanding common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 11, 2011. Future declarations of dividends are subject to final determination by our Board of Directors.
The effect of foreign exchange on our cash balances denominated in foreign currency in 2010 showed a net decrease of $29 million primarily due to higher foreign-denominated cash balances in the current year and the relative depreciation in foreign currencies during 2010 compared to their appreciation in 2009. The effect of foreign exchange on our cash balances denominated in foreign currency in 2009 showed a net increase of $87 million primarily due to the relative appreciation in foreign currencies during 2009 compared to their depreciation in 2008.
In our opinion, available cash, funds from operations and available borrowings will provide sufficient capital resources to meet our foreseeable liquidity needs. There can be no assurance, however, that future borrowings, including refinancings, if any, will be available on terms acceptable to us.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
The following table presents our material contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2010:
| By Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1 to 3 years | 3 to 5 years | More than 5 years | ||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(1) | $ | 2,600 | $ | 117 | $ | 232 | $ | 232 | $ | 2,019 | ||||||||||
Operating leases(2) | 218 | 42 | 73 | 49 | 54 | |||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations(3) | 53 | 38 | 15 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Guarantees(4) | 37 | 33 | 4 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Letters of credit(4) | 27 | 19 | 8 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Unrecognized tax benfits(5) | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,937 | $ | 251 | $ | 332 | $ | 281 | $ | 2,073 | ||||||||||
| (1) | Our 8.5% Notes, 7.456% Notes, and 5.95% Notes include interest payments through maturity in 2016, 2018, and 2020 respectively, based on the stated fixed rates. In the above table, we have reflected the 7.456% Notes based on the maturity date in 2018; however such Notes are repayable in whole or in part on August 15, 2013 at the option of the holders. |
| (2) | The operating leases are for office space and related office equipment. We account for these leases on a monthly basis. Certain leases contain periodic rent escalation adjustments and renewal options. Operating lease obligations expire at various dates with the latest maturity in 2020. |
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| (3) | Our purchase obligations represent the minimum obligations we have under agreements with certain of our vendors and marketing partners. These minimum obligations are less than our projected use for those periods. Payments may be more than the minimum obligations based on actual use. |
| (4) | Guarantees and LOCs are commitments that represent funding responsibilities that may require our performance in the event of third-party demands or contingent events. We use our stand-by LOCs primarily for certain regulatory purposes as well as to secure payment for hotel room transactions to particular hotel properties. The outstanding balance of our stand-by LOCs directly reduces the amount available to us from our revolving credit facility. The LOC amounts in the above table represent the amount of commitment expiration per period. In addition, we provide a guarantee to the aviation authority of certain foreign countries to protect against potential non-delivery of our packaged travel services sold within those countries. These countries hold all travel agents and tour companies to the same standard. Our guarantees also include certain surety bonds related to various company performance obligations. |
| (5) | Excludes $74 million of unrecognized tax benefits for which we cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate of the amount and period of payment. |
Other than the items described above, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2010.
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions
For a discussion of certain relationships and related party transactions, see Note 16 — Related Party Transactions in the notes to consolidated financial statements.
Part II. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Risk Management
Market risk is the potential loss from adverse changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and market prices. Our exposure to market risk includes our long-term debt, our revolving credit facility, derivative instruments and cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, intercompany receivables, investments, merchant accounts payable and deferred merchant bookings denominated in foreign currencies. We manage our exposure to these risks through established policies and procedures. Our objective is to mitigate potential income statement, cash flow and market exposures from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.
Interest Rate Risk
In August 2010, we issued $750 million senior unsecured notes with a fixed rate of 5.95%. In June 2008, we issued $400 million senior unsecured notes with a fixed rate of 8.5%. In August 2006, we issued $500 million senior unsecured notes with a fixed rate of 7.456%. As a result, if market interest rates decline, our required payments will exceed those based on market rates. The fair values of our 8.5% Notes, our 7.456% Notes, and 5.95% Notes were approximately $438 million, $561 million, and $743 million as of December 31, 2010 as calculated based on quoted market prices at year end. A 50 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would decrease or increase the fair value of our 8.5% Notes by approximately $10 million, our 7.456% Notes by approximately $16 million, and our 5.95% Notes by approximately $27 million.
In February 2010, we entered into a new $750 million revolving credit facility, which bears interest based on market rates plus a spread determined by our credit ratings. Because our interest rate is tied to a market rate, we will be susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates if, consistent with our practice to date, we do not hedge the interest rate exposure arising from any borrowings under our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had no revolving credit facility borrowings outstanding.
During 2010, we began investing in investment grade corporate debt securities and, as of December 31, 2010, we had $244 million of available for sale investments. Based on a sensitivity analysis, we have determined
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that a hypothetical 1.00% (100 basis points) increase in interest rates would have resulted in a decrease in the fair values of our investments of approximately $2 million as of December 31, 2010. Such losses would only be realized if we sold the investments prior to maturity.
We did not experience any significant impact from changes in interest rates for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 or 2008.
Foreign Exchange Risk
We conduct business in certain international markets, primarily in Australia, Canada, China and the European Union. Because we operate in international markets, we have exposure to different economic climates, political arenas, tax systems and regulations that could affect foreign exchange rates. Our primary exposure to foreign currency risk relates to transacting in foreign currency and recording the activity in U.S. dollars. Changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and these other currencies will result in transaction gains or losses, which we recognize in our consolidated statements of operations.
To the extent practicable, we minimize our foreign currency exposures by maintaining natural hedges between our current assets and current liabilities in similarly denominated foreign currencies. Additionally, during 2008, we began using foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures and in lieu of holding certain foreign currency cash for the purpose of economically hedging our foreign currency-denominated operating liabilities. These instruments are typically short-term and are recorded at fair value with gains and losses recorded in other, net. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had a net forward liability of $1 million recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a net forward asset of less than $1 million recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. We may enter into additional foreign exchange derivative contracts or other economic hedges in the future. Our goal in managing our foreign exchange risk is to reduce to the extent practicable our potential exposure to the changes that exchange rates might have on our earnings, cash flows and financial position. We make a number of estimates in conducting hedging activities including in some cases the level of future bookings, cancellations, refunds, customer stay patterns and payments in foreign currencies. In the event those estimates differ significantly from actual results, we could experience greater volatility as a result of our hedges.
Future net transaction gains and losses are inherently difficult to predict as they are reliant on how the multiple currencies in which we transact fluctuate in relation to the U.S. dollar, the relative composition and denomination of current assets and liabilities each period, and our effectiveness at forecasting and managing, through balance sheet netting or the use of derivative contracts, such exposures. As an example, if the foreign currencies in which we hold net asset balances were to all weaken 10% against the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies in which we hold net liability balances were to all strengthen 10% against the U.S. dollar, we would recognize foreign exchange losses of approximately $4 million based on our foreign currency forward positions (excluding the impact of forward positions economically hedging our merchant revenue exposures) and the net asset or liability balances of our foreign denominated cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deferred merchant bookings and merchant accounts payable balances as of December 31, 2010. As the net composition of these balances fluctuate frequently, even daily, as do foreign exchange rates, the example loss could be compounded or reduced significantly within a given period.
During 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recorded net foreign exchange rate losses of $18 million ($14 million excluding the contracts economically hedging our forecasted merchant revenue), $30 million ($20 million excluding the contracts economically hedging our forecasted merchant revenue), and $47 million. As we increase our operations in international markets, our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates increases. The economic impact to us of foreign currency exchange rate movements is linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions and other factors. These changes, if material, could cause us to adjust our financing and operating strategies.
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Part II. Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule listed in the Index to Financial Statements, Schedules and Exhibits on page F-1 are filed as part of this report.
Part II. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Part II. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2010 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management, including our Chairman and Senior Executive, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, our Chairman and Senior Executive, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective control over financial reporting described in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2010, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective. Management has reviewed its assessment with the Audit Committee. Ernst & Young, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, as stated in their report which is included below.
Limitations on Controls.
Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Expedia, Inc.
We have audited Expedia, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Expedia, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Expedia, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the 2010 consolidated financial statements of Expedia, Inc. and our report dated February 10, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Seattle, Washington
February 10, 2011
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Part II. Item 9B. Other Information
None.
Part III.
We are incorporating by reference the information required by Part III of this report on Form 10-K from our proxy statement relating to our 2011 annual meeting of stockholders (the “2011 Proxy Statement”), which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2010.
Part III. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is included under the captions “Election of Directors — Nominees,” “Election of Directors — Board Meetings and Committees,” “Information Concerning Executive Officers” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the 2011 Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.
Part III. Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is included under the captions “Election of Directors — Compensation of Non-Employee Directors,” “Election of Directors — Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Report” and “Executive Compensation” in the 2011 Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.
Part III. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is included under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the 2011 Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.
Part III. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is included under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and “Election of Directors — Board Meetings and Committees” in the 2011 Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.
Part III. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this item is included under the caption “Audit Committee Report” in the 2011 Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.
Part IV. Item 15. Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1)Consolidated Financial Statements
We have filed the consolidated financial statements listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, Schedules and Exhibits on page F-1 as a part of this report.
(a)(2)Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable, not material or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
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(a)(3)Exhibits
The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Exhibit No. | Filed Herewith | Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
2.1 | Separation Agreement by and between Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 2.1 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Expedia, Inc. | 8-K | 000-51447 | 3.1 | 08/15/2005 | |||||||||||
3.2 | Certificate of Designations of Expedia, Inc. Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock | 8-K | 000-51447 | 3.2 | 08/15/2005 | |||||||||||
3.3 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Expedia, Inc. | 8-K | 000-51447 | 3.3 | 08/15/2005 | |||||||||||
4.1 | Equity Warrant Agreement, dated as of May 7, 2002, between IAC/InterActiveCorp and The Bank of New York, as equity warrant agent. | 8-K** | 000-20570 | 4.1 | 05/17/2002 | |||||||||||
4.2 | Indenture, dated as of August 21, 2006, among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors from time to time parties thereto, and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Expedia, Inc.’s 7.456% Senior Notes due 2018 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 4.1 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
4.3 | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 19, 2007, among Expedia, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee | S-4 | 333-140195 | 4.2 | 01/25/2007 | |||||||||||
4.4 | Indenture, dated as of June 24, 2008, among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto, and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Expedia, Inc.’s 8.5% Senior Notes due 2016 | X | ||||||||||||||
4.5 | Indenture, dated as of August 5, 2010, among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Guarantors party thereto, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, governing Expedia, Inc.’s 5.95% Senior Notes due 2020 | 8-K | 000-51447 | 4.1 | 08/10/2010 | |||||||||||
10.1 | Governance Agreement, by and among Expedia, Inc., Liberty Media Corporation and Barry Diller, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.6 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
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Exhibit No. | Filed Herewith | Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
10.2 | First Amendment to Governance Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2007, among Expedia, Inc., Liberty Media Corporation and Barry Diller | 8-K | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 06/19/2007 | |||||||||||
10.3 | Stockholders Agreement, by and between Liberty Media Corporation and Barry Diller, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 8-K | 000-51447 | 10.7 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
10.4 | Tax Sharing Agreement by and between Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.10 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
10.5 | Employee Matters Agreement by and between Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.11 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
10.6 | Credit Agreement dated as of February 8, 2010, among Expedia, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Expedia, Inc., a Washington corporation, Travelscape, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company; TripAdvisor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Hotwire, Inc., a Delaware corporation, the Lenders from time to time party hereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as London Agent. | 8-K | 000-51447 | 99.1 | 02/11/2010 | |||||||||||
10.7 | First Amendment dated August 18, 2010 to Credit Agreement dated February 8, 2010 | 8-K | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 08/23/2010 | |||||||||||
10.8 | Office Building Lease by and between Tower 333 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and Expedia, Inc., a Washington corporation, dated June 25, 2007 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 08/03/2007 | |||||||||||
10.9* | Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan | DEF 14A | 000-51447 | Appendix A | 04/22/2009 | |||||||||||
10.10* | Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2009 | 10-K | 000-51447 | 10.13 | 02/19/2009 | |||||||||||
10.11* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Directors) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.9 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
10.12* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Domestic Employees) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.24 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
10.13* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement (Domestic Employees) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.2 | 04/30/2009 | |||||||||||
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Exhibit No. | Filed Herewith | Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
10.14* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement (Contingent, Installment Vesting) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.3 | 04/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.15* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement (Contingent, Cliff Vesting) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.4 | 04/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.16* | Summary of Expedia, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 05/09/2007 | |||||||||||
10.17* | Director Compensation Agreements Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2009 | 10-K | 000-51447 | 10.17 | 02/19/2009 | |||||||||||
10.18* | Employment Agreement between Dara Khosrowshahi and Expedia, Inc., effective as of May 28, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 07/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.19* | Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Dara Khosrowshahi and Expedia, Inc., dated as of April 8, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.2 | 07/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.20* | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Michael B. Adler and Expedia, Inc., effective as of May 16, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.4 | 07/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.21* | Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Expedia, Inc. and Michael B. Adler, effective as of May 16, 2006 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.20 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
10.22* | Amendment to Employment Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Agreements between Expedia, Inc. and Michael B. Adler, dated December 31, 2008 | 10-K | 000-51447 | 10.22 | 02/19/2009 | |||||||||||
10.23* | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Burke F. Norton and Expedia, Inc., effective May 28, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.3 | 7/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.24* | Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (First Agreement) between Expedia, Inc. and Burke Norton, dated as of October 25, 2006 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.22 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
10.25* | Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Second Agreement) between Expedia, Inc. and Burke Norton, dated as of October 25, 2006 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.23 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
10.26* | Amendment to Employment Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Agreements between Expedia, Inc. and Burke Norton, dated December 31, 2008 | 10-K | 000-51447 | 10.26 | 02/19/2009 | |||||||||||
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Exhibit No. | Filed Herewith | Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
10.27* | Stock Option Agreement between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Barry Diller, dated as of June 7, 2005 | 10-Q** | 000-20570 | 10.8 | 11/09/2005 | |||||||||||
10.28* | IAC/InterActiveCorp 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan | S-4/A** | 333-124303 | Annex J | 06/17/2005 | |||||||||||
10.29* | Employment Agreement by and between Dhiren R. Fonseca and Expedia, Inc., effective as of March 16, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 04/30/2010 | |||||||||||
10.30* | Employment Agreement between Gary M. Fritz and Expedia, Inc., effective as of March 16, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.4 | 04/30/2010 | |||||||||||
21 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant | X | ||||||||||||||
23.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | X | ||||||||||||||
31.1 | Certifications of the Chairman and Senior Executive Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
31.3 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
32.1 | Certification of the Chairman and Senior Executive pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
32.2 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
32.3 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
101*** | The following financial statements from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, formatted in XBRL: (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text. | |||||||||||||||
| * | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
| ** | Indicates reference to filing of IAC/InterActiveCorp |
| *** | Furnished herewith |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| Expedia, Inc. | ||
| By: | /s/ DARA KHOSROWSHAHI | |
Dara Khosrowshahi Chief Executive Officer | ||
February 10, 2011
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 10, 2011.
Signature | Title | |
/s/ DARA KHOSROWSHAHI Dara Khosrowshahi | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | |
/s/ MICHAEL B. ADLER Michael B. Adler | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |
/s/ PATRICIA L. ZUCCOTTI Patricia L. Zuccotti | Chief Accounting Officer and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) | |
/s/ BARRY DILLER Barry Diller | Director (Chairman of the Board) | |
/s/ VICTOR A. KAUFMAN Victor A. Kaufman | Director (Vice Chairman) | |
/s/ A. GEORGE BATTLE A. George Battle | Director | |
/s/ JONATHAN L. DOLGEN Jonathan L. Dolgen | Director | |
/s/ WILLIAM R. FITZGERALD William R. Fitzgerald | Director | |
/s/ CRAIG A. JACOBSON Craig A. Jacobson | Director | |
/s/ PETER M. KERN Peter M. Kern | Director | |
/s/ JOHN C. MALONE John C. Malone | Director | |
/s/ JOSÉ A. TAZÓN José A. Tazón | Director | |
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SCHEDULES AND EXHIBITS
Consolidated Financial Statements | ||||
| F-2 | ||||
| F-3 | ||||
| F-4 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) | F-5 | |||
| F-6 | ||||
| F-7 | ||||
Exhibits | ||||
| E-1 | ||||
F-1
Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Expedia, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Expedia, Inc. as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss), and consolidated statements of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Expedia, Inc. at December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adoptedNoncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statementscodified in ASC 810,Consolidations, effective January 1, 2009.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Expedia, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 10, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Seattle, Washington
February 10, 2011
F-2
Table of Contents
Consolidated Financial Statements
EXPEDIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 3,348,109 | $ | 2,955,426 | $ | 2,937,013 | ||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||
Cost of revenue(1) | 692,832 | 607,251 | 638,709 | |||||||||
Selling and marketing(1) | 1,204,141 | 1,027,062 | 1,105,337 | |||||||||
Technology and content(1) | 362,447 | 319,708 | 287,763 | |||||||||
General and administrative(1) | 314,109 | 290,484 | 268,721 | |||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 37,123 | 37,681 | 69,436 | |||||||||
Occupancy tax assessments and legal reserves | 5,542 | 67,658 | — | |||||||||
Restructuring charges | — | 34,168 | — | |||||||||
Impairment of goodwill | — | — | 2,762,100 | |||||||||
Impairment of intangible and other long-lived assets | — | — | 233,900 | |||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 731,915 | 571,414 | (2,428,953 | ) | ||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||
Interest income | 7,160 | 6,206 | 30,411 | |||||||||
Interest expense | (101,291 | ) | (84,233 | ) | (71,984 | ) | ||||||
Other, net | (17,216 | ) | (35,364 | ) | (44,178 | ) | ||||||
Total other expense, net | (111,347 | ) | (113,391 | ) | (85,751 | ) | ||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | 620,568 | 458,023 | (2,514,704 | ) | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes | (195,008 | ) | (154,400 | ) | (5,966 | ) | ||||||
Net income (loss) | 425,560 | 303,623 | (2,520,670 | ) | ||||||||
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4,060 | ) | (4,097 | ) | 2,907 | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Expedia, Inc. | $ | 421,500 | $ | 299,526 | $ | (2,517,763 | ) | |||||
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Expedia, Inc. available to common stockholders: | ||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 1.49 | $ | 1.04 | $ | (8.80 | ) | |||||
Diluted | 1.46 | 1.03 | (8.80 | ) | ||||||||
Shares used in computing income (loss) per share: | ||||||||||||
Basic | 282,465 | 288,214 | 286,167 | |||||||||
Diluted | 288,028 | 292,141 | 286,167 | |||||||||
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.28 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows: | ||||||||||||
Cost of revenue | $ | 2,401 | $ | 2,285 | $ | 2,252 | ||||||
Selling and marketing | 13,867 | 12,440 | 10,198 | |||||||||
Technology and content | 14,326 | 15,700 | 15,111 | |||||||||
General and administrative | 29,096 | 31,236 | 33,730 | |||||||||
Total stock-based compensation | $ | 59,690 | $ | 61,661 | $ | 61,291 | ||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 714,332 | $ | 642,544 | ||||
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 14,215 | 14,072 | ||||||
Short-term investments | 515,627 | 45,849 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $12,114 and $14,562 | 328,468 | 307,817 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses, prepaid merchant bookings and other current assets | 128,985 | 214,767 | ||||||
Total current assets | 1,701,627 | 1,225,049 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net | 277,061 | 236,820 | ||||||
Long-term investments and other assets | 232,239 | 48,262 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net | 797,707 | 823,031 | ||||||
Goodwill | 3,642,360 | 3,603,994 | ||||||
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 6,650,994 | $ | 5,937,156 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable, merchant | $ | 700,730 | $ | 652,893 | ||||
Accounts payable, other | 181,765 | 160,471 | ||||||
Deferred merchant bookings | 654,632 | 679,305 | ||||||
Deferred revenue | 29,466 | 17,204 | ||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 322,827 | 325,184 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 1,889,420 | 1,835,057 | ||||||
Long-term debt | 1,644,894 | 895,086 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes, net | 248,461 | 223,959 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities | 131,516 | 233,328 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
Preferred stock $.001 par value | — | — | ||||||
Authorized shares: 100,000 | ||||||||
Series A shares issued and outstanding: 1 and 1 | ||||||||
Common stock $.001 par value | 348 | 343 | ||||||
Authorized shares: 1,600,000 | ||||||||
Shares issued: 348,416 and 342,812 | ||||||||
Shares outstanding: 248,347 and 263,929 | ||||||||
Class B common stock $.001 par value | 26 | 26 | ||||||
Authorized shares: 400,000 | ||||||||
Shares issued and outstanding: 25,600 and 25,600 | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 6,116,697 | 6,034,164 | ||||||
Treasury stock — Common stock, at cost | (2,241,191 | ) | (1,739,198 | ) | ||||
Shares: 100,069 and 78,883 | ||||||||
Retained earnings (deficit) | (1,194,533 | ) | (1,616,033 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (8,803 | ) | 3,379 | |||||
Total Expedia, Inc. stockholders’ equity | 2,672,544 | 2,682,681 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest | 64,159 | 67,045 | ||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 2,736,703 | 2,749,726 | ||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 6,650,994 | $ | 5,937,156 | ||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands, except per share data)
| Common stock | Class B common stock | Additional paid-in capital | Treasury stock | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Noncontrolling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2007 | 337,056,760 | $ | 337 | 25,599,998 | $ | 26 | $ | 5,902,582 | 77,567,658 | $ | (1,718,833 | ) | $ | 602,204 | $ | 23,696 | $ | 70,004 | $ | 4,880,016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss (excludes $1,187 net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest) | (2,517,763 | ) | (4,094 | ) | (2,521,857 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Components of comprehensive loss: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss on derivative contracts | (339 | ) | (339 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Currency translation adjustment | (39,359 | ) | 3,271 | (36,088 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlement of derivative liability | 10,500 | 10,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital contribution from sale of business | 1,624 | 1,624 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of equity instruments | 2,468,708 | 3 | 6,330 | 6,333 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax deficiencies on equity awards | (1,646 | ) | (1,646 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock activity related to vesting of equity instruments | 583,515 | (12,402 | ) | (12,402 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest share repurchase | (5,451 | ) | (5,451 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in ownership of noncontrolling interest | 180 | 180 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | 60,094 | 60,094 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2008 | 339,525,468 | 340 | 25,599,998 | 26 | 5,979,484 | 78,151,173 | (1,731,235 | ) | (1,915,559 | ) | (16,002 | ) | 63,910 | 2,380,964 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (excludes $3,085 of net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest) | 299,526 | 1,012 | 300,538 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Component of comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Currency translation adjustment | 19,381 | 254 | 19,635 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of equity instruments | 3,286,532 | 3 | 15,749 | 15,752 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax deficiencies on equity awards | (13,061 | ) | (13,061 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock activity related to vesting of equity instruments | 731,595 | (7,963 | ) | (7,963 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to the fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest | (7,800 | ) | (7,800 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in ownership of noncontrolling interest | 1,869 | 1,869 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | 59,805 | 59,805 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | (13 | ) | (13 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2009 | 342,812,000 | 343 | 25,599,998 | 26 | 6,034,164 | 78,882,768 | (1,739,198 | ) | (1,616,033 | ) | 3,379 | 67,045 | 2,749,726 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (excludes $2,965 of net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest) | 421,500 | 1,095 | 422,595 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Components of comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Currency translation adjustment | (12,511 | ) | 515 | (11,996 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale | 329 | 329 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of equity instruments | 5,604,175 | 5 | 48,810 | 48,815 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefits on equity awards | 118,103 | 118,103 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock activity related to vesting of equity instruments | 570,480 | (12,739 | ) | (12,739 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common stock repurchases | 20,616,202 | (489,254 | ) | (489,254 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid | (79,076 | ) | (79,076 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to the fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests | (41,382 | ) | (41,382 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changes in ownership of noncontrolling interests | (19,161 | ) | (4,496 | ) | (23,657 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | 56,427 | 56,427 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | (1,188 | ) | (1,188 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | 348,416,175 | $ | 348 | 25,599,998 | $ | 26 | $ | 6,116,697 | 100,069,450 | $ | (2,241,191 | ) | $ | (1,194,533 | ) | $ | (8,803 | ) | $ | 64,159 | $ | 2,736,703 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| We had 751 shares of preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 425,560 | $ | 303,623 | $ | (2,520,670 | ) | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation of property and equipment, including internal-use software and website development | 118,402 | 102,782 | 76,800 | |||||||||
Amortization of stock-based compensation | 59,690 | 61,661 | 61,291 | |||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 37,123 | 37,681 | 69,436 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes | 23,581 | (12,620 | ) | (209,042 | ) | |||||||
Impairment of goodwill | — | — | 2,762,100 | |||||||||
Impairment of intangible and other long-lived assets | — | — | 233,900 | |||||||||
Foreign exchange (gain) loss on cash and cash equivalents, net | 20,447 | (4,679 | ) | 77,958 | ||||||||
Realized (gain) loss on foreign currency forwards | (8,822 | ) | (29,982 | ) | 55,175 | |||||||
Other | 499 | 10,268 | (654 | ) | ||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions: | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | (35,382 | ) | (36,360 | ) | 32,208 | |||||||
Prepaid expenses, prepaid merchant bookings and other current assets | 82,405 | (19,477 | ) | (15,072 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable, merchant | 49,648 | 26,466 | (75,443 | ) | ||||||||
Accounts payable, other, accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 18,282 | 79,552 | 54,400 | |||||||||
Deferred merchant bookings | (24,679 | ) | 155,665 | (85,443 | ) | |||||||
Deferred revenue | 10,729 | 1,424 | 3,744 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 777,483 | 676,004 | 520,688 | |||||||||
Investing activities: | ||||||||||||
Capital expenditures, including internal-use software and website development | (155,189 | ) | (92,017 | ) | (159,827 | ) | ||||||
Purchases of investments | (990,429 | ) | (45,903 | ) | (92,923 | ) | ||||||
Sales and maturities of investments | 366,036 | 93,092 | — | |||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (50,465 | ) | (45,007 | ) | (538,439 | ) | ||||||
Net settlement of foreign currency forwards | 8,822 | 29,982 | (55,175 | ) | ||||||||
Reclassification of Reserve Primary Fund holdings | — | — | (80,360 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions from Reserve Primary Fund | 5,482 | 10,677 | 64,387 | |||||||||
Other, net | (1,953 | ) | 1,357 | 2,779 | ||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (817,696 | ) | (47,819 | ) | (859,558 | ) | ||||||
Financing activities: | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs | 742,470 | — | 392,348 | |||||||||
Credit facility borrowings | — | — | 740,000 | |||||||||
Credit facility repayments | — | (650,000 | ) | (675,000 | ) | |||||||
Payment of dividends to stockholders | (79,076 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Purchase of additional interests in controlled subsidiaries | (77,929 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Treasury stock activity | (501,993 | ) | (7,963 | ) | (12,865 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from exercise of equity awards | 50,615 | 15,794 | 6,353 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefit on equity awards | 8,753 | 1,544 | 3,191 | |||||||||
Changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents | 164 | (10,716 | ) | 11,753 | ||||||||
Other, net | (11,123 | ) | (8,991 | ) | (979 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 131,881 | (660,332 | ) | 464,801 | ||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (19,880 | ) | 9,279 | (77,905 | ) | |||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 71,788 | (22,868 | ) | 48,026 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 642,544 | 665,412 | 617,386 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 714,332 | $ | 642,544 | $ | 665,412 | ||||||
Supplemental cash flow information | ||||||||||||
Cash paid for interest | $ | 78,379 | $ | 78,629 | $ | 53,459 | ||||||
Income tax payments, net | 163,405 | 198,368 | 179,273 | |||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 — Organization and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business
Expedia, Inc. and its subsidiaries provide travel products and services to leisure and corporate travelers in the United States and abroad as well as various media and advertising offerings to travel and non-travel advertisers. These travel products and services are offered through a diversified portfolio of brands including: Expedia.com®, Hotels.com®, Hotwire.com™, the TripAdvisor® Media Network, Expedia® Affiliate Network, Classic Vacations, Expedia Local Expert, Egencia™, Expedia® CruiseShipCenters®, eLong™, Inc. (“eLong”) and Venere Net SpA (“Venere”). In addition, many of these brands have related international points of sale. We refer to Expedia, Inc. and its subsidiaries collectively as “Expedia,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” and “our” in these consolidated financial statements.
Spin-Off from IAC/InterActiveCorp
On December 21, 2004, IAC/InterActiveCorp (“IAC”) announced its plan to separate into two independent public companies. We refer to this transaction as the “Spin-Off.” A new company, Expedia, Inc., was incorporated under Delaware law in April 2005, to hold substantially all of IAC’s travel and travel-related businesses. On August 9, 2005, the Spin-Off from IAC was completed and Expedia, Inc. shares began trading on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “EXPE.”
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Expedia, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and entities we control, or in which we have a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary of expected cash profits or losses. We record our investments in entities that we do not control, but over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, using the equity method. We have eliminated significant intercompany transactions and accounts.
We believe that the assumptions underlying our consolidated financial statements are reasonable. However, these consolidated financial statements do not present our future financial position, the results of our future operations and cash flows.
Seasonality
We generally experience seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our travel products and services. For example, traditional leisure travel bookings are generally the highest in the first three quarters as travelers plan and book their spring, summer and holiday travel. The number of bookings decreases in the fourth quarter. Because revenue in the merchant business is generally recognized when the travel takes place rather than when it is booked, revenue typically lags bookings by several weeks or longer. As a result, revenue is typically the lowest in the first quarter and highest in the third quarter.
NOTE 2 — Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation
Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Expedia, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and entities for which we control a majority of the entity’s outstanding common stock. We record noncontrolling interest in our consolidated financial statements to recognize the minority ownership interest in our consolidated subsidiaries. Noncontrolling interest in the earnings and losses of consolidated subsidiaries represent the share of
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net income or loss allocated to members or partners in our consolidated entities, which includes the noncontrolling interest share of net income or loss from eLong as well as net income or loss from our redeemable noncontrolling interest entities. eLong is a separately listed company on the NASDAQ and, therefore, subject to its own audit which could result in possible adjustments that are not material to Expedia, Inc. but could be material to eLong.
On January 1, 2009, we adopted authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) on noncontrolling interests. The guidance states that accounting and reporting for minority interests are to be recharacterized as noncontrolling interests and classified as a component of equity. The calculation of earnings per share continues to be based on income amounts attributable to the parent. Beginning on January 1, 2009, upon adoption, we recharacterized our minority interest as a noncontrolling interest and classified it as a component of stockholders’ equity in our consolidated financial statements with the exception of shares redeemable at the option of the minority holders, which are not significant and therefore have been included in other long-term liabilities.
Certain of our subsidiaries that operate in China, including eLong, have variable interests in affiliated entities in China in order to comply with Chinese laws and regulations, which restricts foreign investment in the air-ticketing, travel agency and internet content provision businesses. Through a series of contractual agreements with these affiliates and their shareholders, these subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries of the cash losses or profits of their variable interest affiliates. As such, although we do not own the capital stock of some of our Chinese affiliates, based on our controlling ownership of the subsidiaries and these contractual arrangements, we consolidate their results.
We have eliminated significant intercompany transactions and accounts in our consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Estimates
We use estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Our estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of our consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions also affect the reported amount of net income or loss during any period. Our actual financial results could differ significantly from these estimates. The significant estimates underlying our consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition; recoverability of current and long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill; income and indirect taxes, such as potential settlements related to occupancy taxes; loss contingencies; stock-based compensation and accounting for derivative instruments.
Reclassifications
We have reclassified certain amounts relating to our prior period results to conform to our current period presentation.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when it is earned and realizable based on the following criteria: persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured.
We also evaluate the presentation of revenue on a gross versus a net basis. The consensus of the authoritative accounting literature is that the presentation of revenue as “the gross amount billed to a customer because it has earned revenue from the sale of goods or services or the net amount retained (that is, the amount billed to a customer less the amount paid to a supplier) because it has earned a commission or fee” is a matter of judgment that depends on the relevant facts and circumstances. In making an evaluation of this issue, some of the
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factors that should be considered are: whether we are the primary obligor in the arrangement (strong indicator); whether we have general supply risk (before customer order is placed or upon customer return) (strong indicator); and whether we have latitude in establishing price. The guidance clearly indicates that the evaluations of these factors, which at times can be contradictory, are subject to significant judgment and subjectivity. If the conclusion drawn is that we perform as an agent or a broker without assuming the risks and rewards of ownership of goods, revenue should be reported on a net basis. For our primary transaction-based revenue models, discussed below, we have determined net presentation is appropriate for the majority of revenue transactions.
We offer travel products and services on a stand-alone and package basis primarily through the following business models: the merchant model, the agency model and the media model.
Under the merchant model, we facilitate the booking of hotel rooms, airline seats, car rentals and destination services from our travel suppliers and we are the merchant of record for such bookings. The majority of our merchant transactions relate to hotel bookings.
Under the agency model, we act as the agent in the transaction, passing reservations booked by the traveler to the relevant travel provider. We receive commissions or ticketing fees from the travel supplier and/or traveler. For agency airline, hotel and car transactions, we also receive fees from global distribution systems partners that control the computer systems through which these reservations are booked. The majority of agency revenue primarily relates to airline ticket bookings.
Under the media model, we offer travel and non-travel advertisers access to a potential source of incremental traffic and transactions through our various media and advertising offerings on both the TripAdvisor Media Network and on our transaction-based websites.
Merchant Hotel. Our travelers pay us for merchant hotel transactions prior to departing on their trip, generally when they book the reservation. We record the payment in deferred merchant bookings until the stay occurs, at which point we record the revenue. In certain nonrefundable, nonchangeable transactions where we have no significant post-delivery obligations, we record revenue when the traveler completes the transaction on our website, less a reserve for chargebacks and cancellations based on historical experience. Amounts received from customers are presented net of amounts paid to suppliers. In certain instances when a supplier invoices us for less than the cost we accrued, we generally recognize those amounts as revenue six months in arrears, net of an allowance, when we determine it is not probable that we will be required to pay the supplier, based on historical experience and contract terms.
We generally contract in advance with lodging providers to obtain access to room allotments at wholesale rates. Certain contracts specifically identify the number of potential rooms and the negotiated rate of the rooms to which we may have access over the terms of the contracts, which generally range from one to three years. Other contracts are not specific with respect to the number of rooms and the rates of the rooms to which we may have access over the terms of the contracts. In either case we may return unbooked hotel room allotments with no obligation to the lodging providers within a period specified in each contract. For hotel rooms that are cancelled by the traveler after the specified period of time, we charge the traveler a cancellation fee or penalty that approximates the amount a hotel may invoice us for the cancellation.
Agency and Merchant Air. We record revenue on air transactions when the traveler books the transaction, as we have no significant post-delivery obligations. We record a reserve for chargebacks and cancellations at the time of the transaction based on historical experience.
Agency Hotel, Car and Cruise. In addition to air tickets, our agency revenue comes from certain hotel transactions as well as cruise and car rental reservations. We generally record agency revenue from hotel, cruise and car reservations on an accrual basis when the travel occurs. We record an allowance for cancellations on this revenue based on historical experience.
Packages. Packages assembled by travelers through the packaging model on our websites include a merchant hotel component and some combination of an air, car or destination services component. The individual package components are recognized in accordance with our revenue recognition policies stated above.
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Click-Through Fees. We record revenue from click-through fees charged to our travel partners for traveler leads sent to the travel partners’ websites. We record revenue from click-through fees after the traveler makes the click-through to the related travel partners’ websites.
Advertising. We record advertising revenue ratably over the advertising period or upon delivery of advertising impressions, depending on the terms of the advertising contract.
Other. We record revenue from all other sources either upon delivery or when we provide the service.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Our cash and cash equivalents include cash and liquid financial instruments, including money market funds and time deposit investments, with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased.
Short-term and Long-term Investments
We determine the appropriate classification of our investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluate such designation at each balance sheet date. Based on our intent and ability to hold certain assets until maturity, we may classify certain debt securities as held to maturity and measure them at amortized cost. Investments classified as available for sale are recorded at fair value with unrealized holding gains and losses recorded, net of tax, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available for sale investments, if any, are determined on a specific identification basis. Investments with remaining maturities of less than one year are classified within short-term investments. All other investments with remaining maturities ranging from one year to four years are classified within long-term investments and other assets.
We record investments using the equity method when we have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee.
We periodically evaluate the recoverability of investments and record a write-down to fair value if a decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are generally due within thirty days and are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. We consider accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms as past due. We determine our allowance by considering a number of factors, including the length of time trade accounts receivable are past due, previous loss history, a specific customer’s ability to pay its obligations to us, and the condition of the general economy and industry as a whole.
Property and Equipment
We record property and equipment at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. We also capitalize certain costs incurred related to the development of internal use software. We capitalize costs incurred during the application development stage related to the development of internal use software. We expense costs incurred related to the planning and post-implementation phases of development as incurred.
We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is three to five years for computer equipment, capitalized software development and furniture and other equipment. We amortize leasehold improvement using the straight-line method, over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the lease.
We establish assets and liabilities for the present value of estimated future costs to return certain of our leased facilities to their original condition under the authoritative accounting guidance for asset retirement obligations. Such assets are depreciated over the lease period into operating expense, and the recorded liabilities are accreted to the future value of the estimated restoration costs.
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Recoverability of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill is assigned to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination as of the acquisition date. We assess goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, neither of which is amortized, for impairment annually as of October 1, or more frequently, if events and circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. See Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net for discussion of impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived assets in 2008.
In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we first compare the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of that reporting unit is potentially impaired and we proceed to step two of the impairment analysis. In step two of the analysis, we will record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value should such a circumstance arise.
We generally base our measurement of fair value of reporting units on a blended analysis of the present value of future discounted cash flows and market valuation approach. The discounted cash flows model indicates the fair value of the reporting units based on the present value of the cash flows that we expect the reporting units to generate in the future. Our significant estimates in the discounted cash flows model include: our weighted average cost of capital; long-term rate of growth and profitability of our business; and working capital effects. The market valuation approach indicates the fair value of the business based on a comparison of the Company to comparable publicly traded firms in similar lines of business. Our significant estimates in the market approach model include identifying similar companies with comparable business factors such as size, growth, profitability, risk and return on investment and assessing comparable revenue and operating income multiples in estimating the fair value of the reporting units.
We believe the weighted use of discounted cash flows and market approach is the best method for determining the fair value of our reporting units because these are the most common valuation methodologies used within the travel and internet industries; and the blended use of both models compensates for the inherent risks associated with either model if used on a stand-alone basis.
In addition to measuring the fair value of our reporting units as described above, we consider the combined carrying and fair values of our reporting units in relation to the Company’s total fair value of equity plus debt as of the assessment date. Our equity value assumes our fully diluted market capitalization, using either the stock price on the valuation date or the average stock price over a range of dates around the valuation date, plus an estimated acquisition premium which is based on observable transactions of comparable companies. The debt value is based on the highest value expected to be paid to repurchase the debt, which can be fair value, principal or principal plus a premium depending on the terms of each debt instrument.
In the evaluation of indefinite-lived intangible assets, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess of the carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets over their fair value. We base our measurement of fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, which primarily consist of trade name and trademarks, using the relief-from-royalty method. This method assumes that the trade name and trademarks have value to the extent that their owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them.
Recoverability of Intangible Assets with Definite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets
Intangible assets with definite lives and other long-lived assets are carried at cost and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of two to twelve years. We review the carrying value of long-lived assets or asset groups, including property and equipment, to be used in operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Factors that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, a significant adverse change in legal factors or the business climate that could affect the value of the asset, or a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, among others. If such facts indicate a potential impairment, we would assess the recoverability of an asset group by determining if the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the sum of the projected undiscounted cash flows expected to result
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from the use and eventual disposition of the assets over the remaining economic life of the primary asset in the asset group. If the recoverability test indicates that the carrying value of the asset group is not recoverable, we will estimate the fair value of the asset group using appropriate valuation methodologies which would typically include an estimate of discounted cash flows. Any impairment would be measured as the difference between the asset groups carrying amount and its estimated fair value. See Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net for discussion of impairment of other long-lived assets in 2008.
Assets held for sale, to the extent we have any, are reported at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell.
Income Taxes
We record income taxes under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect our estimation of the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for book and tax purposes. We determine deferred income taxes based on the differences in accounting methods and timing between financial statement and income tax reporting. Accordingly, we determine the deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference based on the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when we realize the underlying items of income and expense. We consider many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of our deferred tax assets, including our recent earnings experience by jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income, and the carryforward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, as well as other relevant factors. We may establish a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. Due to inherent complexities arising from the nature of our businesses, future changes in income tax law, tax sharing agreements or variances between our actual and anticipated operating results, we make certain judgments and estimates. Therefore, actual income taxes could materially vary from these estimates.
We recognize in our financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not to be sustained upon an examination, based on the technical merits of the position.
Presentation of Taxes in the Income Statement
We present taxes that we collect from customers and remit to government authorities on a net basis in our consolidated statements of operations.
Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments are carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of the derivative financial instruments generally represent the estimated amounts we would expect to receive or pay upon termination of the contracts as of the reporting date.
At December 31, 2010 and 2009, our derivative instruments primarily consisted of foreign currency forward contracts. We use foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures and in lieu of holding certain foreign currency cash for the purpose of economically hedging our foreign currency-denominated operating liabilities. Our goal in managing our foreign exchange risk is to reduce, to the extent practicable, our potential exposure to the changes that exchange rates might have on our earnings, cash flows and financial position. Our foreign currency forward contracts are typically short-term and, as they do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, we classify the changes in their fair value in other, net. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses
Certain of our operations outside of the United States use the related local currency as their functional currency. We translate revenue and expense at average rates of exchange during the period. We translate assets and liabilities at the rates of exchange as of the consolidated balance sheet dates and include foreign currency
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translation gains and losses as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Due to the nature of our operations and our corporate structure, we also have subsidiaries that have significant transactions in foreign currencies other than their functional currency. We record transaction gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations related to the recurring remeasurement and settlement of such transactions.
To the extent practicable, we attempt to minimize this exposure by maintaining natural hedges between our current assets and current liabilities of similarly denominated foreign currencies. Additionally, as discussed above, we use foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures and in lieu of holding certain foreign currency cash for the purpose of economically hedging our foreign currency-denominated operating liabilities.
Debt Issuance Costs
We defer costs we incur to issue debt and amortize these costs to interest expense over the term of the debt or, when the debt can be redeemed at the option of the holders, over the term of the redemption option.
Marketing Promotions
We periodically provide incentive offers to our customers to encourage booking of travel products and services. Generally, our incentive offers are as follows:
Current Discount Offers. These promotions include dollar off discounts to be applied against current purchases. We record the discounts as reduction in revenue at the date we record the corresponding revenue transaction.
Inducement Offers. These promotions include discounts granted at the time of a current purchase to be applied against a future qualifying purchase. We treat inducement offers as a reduction to revenue based on estimated future redemption rates. We allocate the discount amount between the current purchase and the potential future purchase based on our expected relative value of the transactions. We estimate our redemption rates using our historical experience for similar inducement offers.
Concession Offers. These promotions include discounts to be applied against a future purchase to maintain customer satisfaction. Upon issuance, we record these concession offers as a reduction to revenue based on estimated future redemption rates. We estimate our redemption rates using our historical experience for concession offers.
Loyalty and Points Based Offers. We offer certain internally administered traveler loyalty programs to our customers, such as our Hotels.com welcomerewards program. Welcomerewards offers travelers one free night at any Hotels.com partner property after that traveler stays 10 nights, subject to certain restrictions. As travelers accumulate points towards free travel products, we record a liability for the estimated future cost of redemptions. We determine the future redemption obligation based on judgment factors including: (i) the estimated cost of travel products to be redeemed, and (ii) an estimated redemption rate based on the overall accumulation and usage of points towards free travel products, which is determined through current and historical trends as well as statistical modeling techniques.
Advertising Expense
We incur advertising expense consisting of offline costs, including television and radio advertising, and online advertising expense to promote our brands. We expense the production costs associated with advertisements in the period in which the advertisement first takes place. We expense the costs of communicating the advertisement (e.g., television airtime) as incurred each time the advertisement is shown. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, our advertising expense was $589 million, $543 million, and $598 million. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had $12 million and $10 million of prepaid marketing expenses included in prepaid expenses and other current assets.
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Stock-Based Compensation
We measure and amortize the fair value of stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) as follows:
Stock Options. We measure the value of stock options issued or modified, including unvested options assumed in acquisitions, on the grant date (or modification or acquisition dates, if applicable) at fair value, using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes model incorporates various assumptions including expected volatility, expected term and risk-free interest rates. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of our common stock and other relevant factors. We base our expected term assumptions on our historical experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock awards granted to employees. We amortize the fair value, net of estimated forfeitures, over the remaining vesting term on a straight-line basis. The majority of our stock options vest over four years.
Restricted Stock Units. RSUs are stock awards that are granted to employees entitling the holder to shares of common stock as the award vests, typically over a five-year period. We measure the value of RSUs at fair value based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of our common stock at the date of grant. We amortize the fair value, net of estimated forfeitures, as stock-based compensation expense over the vesting term on a straight-line basis. We record RSUs that may be settled by the holder in cash, rather than shares, as a liability and we remeasure these instruments at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Upon settlement of these awards, our total compensation expense recorded over the vesting period of the awards will equal the settlement amount, which is based on our stock price on the settlement date.
Performance-based RSUs vest upon achievement of certain company-based performance conditions. On the date of grant, we determine the fair value of the performance-based award based on the fair value of our common stock at that time and we assess whether it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved. If assessed as probable, we record compensation expense for these awards over the estimated performance period using the accelerated method. At each reporting period, we reassess the probability of achieving the performance targets and the performance period required to meet those targets. The estimation of whether the performance targets will be achieved and of the performance period required to achieve the targets requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, the cumulative effect on current and prior periods of those changes will be recorded in the period estimates are revised, or the change in estimate will be applied prospectively depending on whether the change affects the estimate of total compensation cost to be recognized or merely affects the period over which compensation cost is to be recognized. The ultimate number of shares issued and the related compensation expense recognized will be based on a comparison of the final performance metrics to the specified targets.
Estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by employees who receive these awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of our original estimates of fair value. In determining the estimated forfeiture rates for stock-based awards, we periodically conduct an assessment of the actual number of equity awards that have been forfeited to date as well as those expected to be forfeited in the future. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including the type of award, the employee class and historical experience. The estimate of stock awards that will ultimately be forfeited requires significant judgment and to the extent that actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period such estimates are revised.
Earnings Per Share
We compute basic earnings per share by taking net income (loss) attributable to Expedia, Inc. available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common and Class B common shares outstanding during the period excluding restricted stock and stock held in escrow. Diluted earnings per share include the potential dilution that could occur from stock-based awards and other stock-based commitments using the treasury stock or the as if converted methods, as applicable. For additional information on how we compute earnings per share, see Note 12 — Earnings Per Share.
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Fair Value Recognition, Measurement and Disclosure
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported on our consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value as we maintain them with various high-quality financial institutions. The accounts receivable are short-term in nature and are generally settled shortly after the sale.
We disclose the fair value of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy using the following three categories:
Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment.
Certain Risks and Concentrations
Our business is subject to certain risks and concentrations including dependence on relationships with travel suppliers, primarily airlines and hotels, dependence on third-party technology providers, exposure to risks associated with online commerce security and credit card fraud. We also rely on global distribution system partners and third-party service providers for certain fulfillment services, including one third-party service provider for which we accounted for approximately 42% of its total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009 and approximately 43% of its total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and corporate debt securities. We maintain some cash and cash equivalents balances with financial institutions that are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily composed of prime institutional money market funds as well as bank (both interest and non-interest bearing) account balances denominated in U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, euros and British pound sterling.
Contingent Liabilities
We have a number of regulatory and legal matters outstanding, as discussed further in Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies. Periodically, we review the status of all significant outstanding matters to assess the potential financial exposure. When (i) it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and (ii) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record the estimated loss in our consolidated statements of operations. We provide disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for loss contingencies that do not meet both these conditions if there is a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred that would be material to the financial statements. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability that a liability has been incurred and whether such liability is reasonably estimable. We base accruals made on the best information available at the time which can be highly subjective. The final outcome of these matters could vary significantly from the amounts included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Occupancy Tax
Some states and localities impose a transient occupancy or accommodation tax on the use or occupancy of hotel accommodations. Generally, hotels collect taxes based on the room rate paid to the hotel and remit these taxes to the various tax authorities. When a customer books a room through one of our travel services, we collect
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a tax recovery charge from the customer which we pay to the hotel. We calculate the tax recovery charge by applying the occupancy tax rate supplied to us by the hotels to the amount that the hotel has agreed to receive for the rental of the room by the consumer. In all but a limited number of jurisdictions, we do not collect or remit occupancy taxes, nor do we pay occupancy taxes to the hotel operator on the portion of the customer payment we retain. Some jurisdictions have questioned our practice in this regard. While the applicable tax provisions vary among the jurisdictions, we generally believe that we are not required to collect and remit such occupancy taxes. We are engaged in discussions with tax authorities in various jurisdictions to resolve this issue. Some tax authorities have brought lawsuits or have levied assessments asserting that we are required to collect and remit occupancy tax. The ultimate resolution in all jurisdictions cannot be determined at this time. We have established a reserve for the potential settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy taxes when determined to be probable and estimable. See Note 15 — Commitment and Contingencies for further discussion.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2009, the FASB issued guidance on revenue recognition to require companies to allocate revenue in multiple-element arrangements based on an element’s estimated selling price if vendor-specific or other third-party evidence of value is not available. This guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2011 with earlier application permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3 — Acquisitions and Other Investments
During 2010, 2009 and 2008, we acquired a number of companies including various online travel media content companies as well as travel product and service companies, which included the 2008 purchase of Venere, an online travel provider based in Italy that focuses on hotel reservations under an agency model. The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price for all acquisitions made in the three years ended December 31, 2010, in thousands:
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Goodwill | $ | 54,008 | $ | 51,947 | $ | 328,449 | ||||||
Intangible assets with definite lives(1) | 13,359 | 23,897 | 112,968 | |||||||||
Intangible assets with indefinite lives | — | — | 47,641 | |||||||||
Net liabilities and non-controlling interests acquired(2) | (5,138 | ) | (15,283 | ) | (14,486 | ) | ||||||
Total(3) | $ | 62,229 | $ | 60,561 | $ | 474,572 | ||||||
| (1) | The weighted average life of acquired intangible assets during 2010, 2009 and 2008 was 5.1 years, 6.6 years and 8.3 years. |
| (2) | Includes cash acquired of $3 million, $7 million and $21 million during 2010, 2009 and 2008. |
| (3) | As of December 31, 2010 and 2008, $9 million and $10 million of the total purchase price was accrued with the remainder paid in cash during the respective years. For 2009, the total purchase price includes noncash consideration of $20 million related to the removal of an equity method investment upon our acquisition of a controlling interest, as discussed below, with the remainder paid in cash during the year. |
In addition, during 2009 and 2008, we paid $10 million and $95 million of contingent purchase consideration under prior acquisitions as well as other acquisition related-costs.
The purchase price allocation of the 2010 acquisitions is preliminary for up to 12 months after the acquisition dates and subject to revision, and any change to the fair value of net assets acquired will lead to a corresponding change to the purchase price allocable to goodwill on a retroactive basis. The results of operations of each of the acquired businesses have been included in our consolidated results from each transaction closing date forward; their effect on consolidated revenue and operating income during 2010, 2009 and 2008 was not significant.
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In 2009, we acquired an additional interest in an equity method investment for $3 million in cash, which was included within the 2009 total purchase price above, and resulted in a 60% majority ownership interest and our consolidation of this entity. In conjunction with our acquisition of additional interest, we remeasured our previously held equity interest to fair value and recognized a loss of $5 million in other, net during the period. The fair value of the 40% noncontrolling interest in the company was estimated to be $15 million at the time of acquisition. Both fair value assessments were determined based on various valuation techniques, including market comparables and discounted cash flow projections.
In addition to and including the 60% majority ownership interest discussed above, certain of our acquisitions made during 2009 and 2008 include noncontrolling interests with certain rights, whereby we may acquire and the minority shareholders may sell to us the additional shares of the company, at fair value or at adjusted fair values at our discretion, during various periods from 2011 through 2013. Changes in fair value of the shares for which the minority holders may sell to us are recorded to the noncontrolling interest, classified in other long-term liabilities, and as charges or credits to retained earnings (or additional paid-in capital in the absence of retained earnings). Fair value determinations are based on various valuation techniques, including market comparables and discounted cash flow projections. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, our redeemable noncontrolling interest balances were $32 million and $23 million.
NOTE 4 — Fair Value Measurements
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2010 are classified using the fair value hierarchy in the table below:
| Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||
Cash equivalents: | ||||||||||||
Money market funds | $ | 359,169 | $ | 359,169 | $ | — | ||||||
Investments: | ||||||||||||
Time deposits | 434,315 | — | 434,315 | |||||||||
Corporate debt securities | 243,963 | — | 243,963 | |||||||||
Total assets | $ | 1,037,447 | $ | 359,169 | $ | 678,278 | ||||||
Liabilities | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | $ | 1,431 | $ | — | $ | 1,431 | ||||||
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2009 are classified using the fair value hierarchy in the table below:
| Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||
Cash equivalents: | ||||||||||||
Money market funds | $ | 313,480 | $ | 313,480 | $ | — | ||||||
Investments: | ||||||||||||
Time deposits | 45,849 | — | 45,849 | |||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts | 250 | — | 250 | |||||||||
Total assets | $ | 359,579 | $ | 313,480 | $ | 46,099 | ||||||
We classify our cash equivalents and investments within Level 1 and Level 2 as we value our cash equivalents and investments using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. Valuation of the foreign currency forward contracts is based on foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, a Level 2 input.
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During 2010, we began investing in investment grade corporate debt securities all of which are classified as available for sale. As of December 31, 2010, we had $81 million of short-term and $163 million of long-term available for sale investments and the amortized cost basis of these investments approximated their fair value with gross unrealized gains of $1 million and gross unrealized losses of less than $1 million. Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities were $8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 and realized gains and losses on sales were immaterial.
We also hold time deposit investments with financial institutions. Time deposits with original maturities of less than 90 days are classified as cash equivalents and those with remaining maturities of less than one year are classified within short-term investments. Of the total time deposit investments, $88 million related to balances held by our majority-owned subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and the entire balance as of December 31, 2009 was held by our majority-owned subsidiaries.
We use foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures and in lieu of holding certain foreign currency cash for the purpose of economically hedging our foreign currency-denominated operating liabilities. As of December 31, 2010, we were party to outstanding forward contracts hedging our liability and revenue exposures with a total net notional value of $96 million. We had a net forward liability of $1 million as of December 31, 2010 recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a net forward asset of less than $1 million recorded in prepaid and other current assets as of December 31, 2009. We recorded $6 million in net gains, $32 million in net gains and $56 million in net losses from foreign currency forward contracts in 2010, 2009 and 2008.
NOTE 5 — Property and Equipment, Net
Our property and equipment consists of the following:
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||
Capitalized software development | $ | 419,046 | $ | 355,088 | ||||
Computer equipment | 130,137 | 100,451 | ||||||
Furniture and other equipment | 82,767 | 65,098 | ||||||
Leasehold improvements | 75,615 | 68,832 | ||||||
| 707,565 | 589,469 | |||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation | (459,371 | ) | (372,050 | ) | ||||
Projects in progress | 28,867 | 19,401 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net | $ | 277,061 | $ | 236,820 | ||||
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, our recorded capitalized software development costs, net of accumulated amortization, were $150 million and $125 million. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, we recorded amortization of capitalized software development costs of $69 million, $63 million, and $47 million, most of which is included in technology and content expenses.
NOTE 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
The following table presents our goodwill and intangible assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009:
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||
Goodwill | $ | 3,642,360 | $ | 3,603,994 | ||||
Intangible assets with indefinite lives | 688,836 | 690,028 | ||||||
Intangible assets with definite lives, net | 108,871 | 133,003 | ||||||
| $ | 4,440,067 | $ | 4,427,025 | |||||
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Impairment Assessments. We perform our annual assessment of possible impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of October 1, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. As of October 1, 2010 and 2009, we had no impairments.
During the fourth quarter of 2008, as a result of a significant decline in our stock price and operating results partly due to negative impacts from foreign exchange rates and macroeconomic weakness, we performed an interim assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of December 1, 2008. Accordingly, we performed an interim first step of our impairment assessment for each of our reporting units and determined there was a potential impairment of goodwill in certain reporting units. Therefore, we performed the second step of the assessment in which we compared the implied fair value of those reporting unit’s goodwill to the book value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. That is, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit (including both recognized and unrecognized intangible assets) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the estimated fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price paid. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that unit’s goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
We measured the fair value of each of our reporting units and both our indefinite-lived and definite lived intangible assets using accepted valuation techniques as described above in Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies. The significant estimates used included our weighted average cost of capital, long-term rate of growth and profitability of our business, and working capital effects. Our assumptions were based on the actual historical performance of each of the reporting units and took into account the weakening of operating results and implied risk premiums based on market prices of our equity and debt as of the assessment date. To validate the reasonableness of the reporting unit fair values, we reconciled the aggregate fair values of the reporting units determined in step one to the enterprise market capitalization. Enterprise market capitalization includes, among other factors, the fully diluted market capitalization of our stock, an acquisition premium based on historical data from acquisitions within the same or similar industries and the appropriate redemption values of our debt. In performing the reconciliation we may, depending on the volatility of the market value of our stock price, use either the stock price on the valuation date or the average stock price over a range of dates around that date and consider such other quantitative and qualitative factors we consider relevant, which may change depending on the date for which the assessment is made. This assessment resulted in the recognition in the fourth quarter of 2008 of a loss on impairment of long-term assets of approximately $3 billion, which consists of $2.8 billion of goodwill and $223 million of indefinite-lived trade names. A deferred tax benefit of $189 million was recognized as a result of these charges. Of the $2.8 billion goodwill impairment charge in 2008, $2.5 billion of the goodwill impairment related to our Leisure segment and $282 million to our TripAdvisor Media Network segment. Of the $223 million indefinite-lived trade name impairment charge in 2008, all such impairments related to our Leisure segment.
We determined that the adverse change in the business climate discussed above was also an indicator requiring the testing of our long-lived assets for recoverability and performed this test as of December 1, 2008. We tested the long-lived assets of our reporting units for recoverability based on a comparison of the respective aggregate values of their undiscounted cash flows to the respective carrying values. The results of the evaluation indicated that the carrying values of the related assets were recoverable. In addition to the above impairment analysis, during the fourth quarter of 2008, we wrote off $11 million related to capitalized software costs based on the abandonment of the related project.
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Goodwill. The following table presents the changes in goodwill by reportable segment:
| Leisure | TripAdvisor Media Network | Egencia | Total | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Balance as of January 1, 2009 | $ | 2,790,678 | $ | 704,749 | $ | 43,142 | $ | 3,538,569 | ||||||||
Additions | 23,781 | 29,505 | — | 53,286 | ||||||||||||
Foreign exchange translation | 8,849 | 1,002 | 2,288 | 12,139 | ||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2009 | 2,823,308 | 735,256 | 45,430 | 3,603,994 | ||||||||||||
Additions | 14,592 | 40,703 | 494 | 55,789 | ||||||||||||
Foreign exchange translation | (15,751 | ) | 1,738 | (3,410 | ) | (17,423 | ) | |||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | $ | 2,822,149 | $ | 777,697 | $ | 42,514 | $ | 3,642,360 | ||||||||
In 2010 and 2009, the additions to goodwill relate primarily to our acquisitions as described in Note 3 — Acquisitions and Other Investments.
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, accumulated goodwill impairment losses in total were $2.8 billion, of which $2.5 billion is associated with Leisure and $282 million with TripAdvisor Media Network.
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets. Our indefinite-lived intangible assets relate principally to trade names and trademarks acquired in various acquisitions.
Intangible Assets with Definite Lives. The following table presents the components of our intangible assets with definite lives as of December 31, 2010 and 2009:
| December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | Accumulated Amortization | Net | Cost | Accumulated Amortization | Net | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supplier relationships | $ | 288,358 | $ | (240,378 | ) | $ | 47,980 | $ | 287,469 | $ | (230,732 | ) | $ | 56,737 | ||||||||||
Technology | 232,554 | (210,346 | ) | 22,208 | 228,645 | (202,997 | ) | 25,648 | ||||||||||||||||
Affiliate agreements | 34,782 | (26,079 | ) | 8,703 | 34,782 | (22,243 | ) | 12,539 | ||||||||||||||||
Customer lists | 28,246 | (23,066 | ) | 5,180 | 28,259 | (22,475 | ) | 5,784 | ||||||||||||||||
Domain names | 12,309 | (11,206 | ) | 1,103 | 11,770 | (10,599 | ) | 1,171 | ||||||||||||||||
Other | 271,955 | (248,258 | ) | 23,697 | 270,328 | (239,204 | ) | 31,124 | ||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 868,204 | $ | (759,333 | ) | $ | 108,871 | $ | 861,253 | $ | (728,250 | ) | $ | 133,003 | ||||||||||
Amortization expense was $37 million, $38 million, and $69 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. Included within amortization expense for 2010 was a charge of approximately $4 million related to changes in the estimated value of contingent purchase consideration.
The estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets with definite lives as of December 31, 2010, assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, is as follows, in thousands:
2011 | $ | 27,640 | ||
2012 | 21,790 | |||
2013 | 16,109 | |||
2014 | 9,848 | |||
2015 | 6,534 | |||
2016 and thereafter | 26,950 | |||
Total | $ | 108,871 | ||
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NOTE 7 — Debt
The following table sets forth our outstanding debt:
| December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2009 | |||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||
8.5% senior notes due 2016, net of discount | $ | 395,673 | $ | 395,086 | ||||
7.456% senior notes due 2018 | 500,000 | 500,000 | ||||||
5.95% senior notes due 2020, net of discount | 749,221 | — | ||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 1,644,894 | $ | 895,086 | ||||
Long-term Debt
Our $400 million in senior unsecured notes outstanding at December 31, 2010 are due in July 2016 and bear interest at 8.5% (the “8.5% Notes”). The 8.5% Notes were issued at 98.572% of par resulting in a discount, which is being amortized over their life. Interest is payable semi-annually in January and July of each year. The 8.5% Notes include covenants that limit our ability under certain circumstances to (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) pay dividends or make restricted payments, (iii) dispose of assets, (iv) create or incur liens, (v) enter into sale/leaseback transactions and (vi) merge or consolidate with or into another entity. Certain of these covenants in the 8.5% Notes, including the covenants limiting under certain circumstances our ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make restricted payments and dispose of assets, will be suspended during any time that the 8.5% Notes have an investment grade rating from both Standard and Poor’s and Moody’s and no default exists under the 8.5% Note indenture. The 8.5% Notes are repayable in whole or in part upon the occurrence of a change of control, at the option of the holders, at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal plus accrued interest. Prior to July 1, 2011, in the event of a qualified equity offering, we may redeem up to 35% of the 8.5% Notes at a redemption price of 108.5% of the principal plus accrued interest. Additionally, we may redeem the 8.5% Notes prior to July 1, 2012 in whole or in part at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued interest, plus a “make-whole” premium. On or after July 1, 2012, we may redeem the 8.5% Notes in whole or in part at specified prices ranging from 104.250% to 100% of the principal plus accrued interest.
Our $500 million in registered senior unsecured notes outstanding at December 31, 2010 are due in August 2018 and bear interest at 7.456% (the “7.456% Notes”). Interest is payable semi-annually in February and August of each year. The 7.456% Notes include covenants that limit our ability (i) to enter into sale/leaseback transactions, (ii) to create or incur liens and (iii) to merge or consolidate with or into another entity. The 7.456% Notes are repayable in whole or in part on August 15, 2013, at the option of the holders of such 7.456% Notes, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued interest. We may redeem the 7.456% Notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued interest, plus a “make-whole” premium, in whole or in part at any time at our option.
In August 2010, we privately placed $750 million of senior unsecured notes due in August 2020. In December 2010, we completed an offer to exchange these notes for registered notes having substantially the same financial terms and covenants as the original notes (the unregistered and registered notes collectively, the “5.95% Notes”). The 5.95% Notes were issued at 99.893% of par resulting in a discount, which is being amortized over their life. Interest is payable semi-annually in February and August of each year, beginning February 15, 2011. The 5.95% Notes include covenants that limit our ability under certain circumstances to (i) create certain liens, (ii) enter into sale/leaseback transactions and (iii) merge or consolidate with or into another entity. We may redeem the 5.95% Notes at our option in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at a specified “make-whole” premium.
The 8.5%, 7.456% and 5.95% Notes (collectively the “Notes”) are senior unsecured obligations guaranteed by certain domestic Expedia subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. For further information, see Note 20 — Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Supplemental Financial Information. Accrued interest related to the Notes was $49 million and $31 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.
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Based on quoted market prices, the approximate fair value of our Notes was as follows:
| December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2009 | |||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||
8.5% senior notes | $ | 438 | $ | 431 | ||||
7.456% senior notes | 561 | 546 | ||||||
5.95% senior notes | 743 | — | ||||||
Credit Facility
In February 2010, we entered into a new $750 million, three-year unsecured revolving credit facility with a group of lenders, replacing our prior $1 billion credit facility. In August 2010, we amended the facility extending the maturity to August 2014, decreasing the interest rate spreads and fees and modifying certain covenants and other terms. The facility is unconditionally guaranteed by certain domestic Expedia subsidiaries, which are the same as under the Notes. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had no revolving credit facility borrowings outstanding. The facility bears interest based on the Company’s credit ratings, with drawn amounts bearing interest at LIBOR plus 250 basis points and undrawn amounts bearing interest at 37.5 basis points as of December 31, 2010. The facility contains financial covenants consisting of a leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio.
The amount of stand-by letters of credit (“LOC”) issued under the facility reduced the amount available to us. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, there were $27 million and $42 million of outstanding stand-by LOCs issued under the respective facilities.
NOTE 8 — Employee Benefit Plans
Our U.S. employees are generally eligible to participate in a retirement and savings plan that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Participating employees may contribute up to 50% of their pretax salary, but not more than statutory limits. We contribute fifty cents for each dollar a participant contributes in this plan, with a maximum contribution of 3% of a participant’s earnings. Our contribution vests with the employee after the employee completes two years of service. Participating employees have the option to invest in our common stock, but there is no requirement for participating employees to invest their contribution or our matching contribution in our common stock. We also have various defined contribution plans for our international employees. Our contributions to these benefit plans were $14 million, $11 million and $12 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.
NOTE 9 — Stock-Based Awards and Other Equity Instruments
Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan, we may grant restricted stock, restricted stock awards, RSUs, stock options and other stock-based awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants. As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately 22 million shares of common stock reserved for new stock-based awards under the 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan. We issue new shares to satisfy the exercise or release of stock-based awards.
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The following table presents a summary of our stock option activity:
| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Remaining Contractual Life | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | (In years) | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Balance as of January 1, 2008 | 9,675 | $ | 24.74 | |||||||||||||
Granted | 1,275 | 8.14 | ||||||||||||||
Exercised | (618 | ) | 10.14 | |||||||||||||
Cancelled | (498 | ) | 29.14 | |||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2008 | 9,834 | 23.29 | ||||||||||||||
Granted | 10,324 | 7.83 | ||||||||||||||
Exercised | (879 | ) | 17.88 | |||||||||||||
Cancelled | (1,278 | ) | 16.46 | |||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2009 | 18,001 | 15.17 | ||||||||||||||
Granted | 5,816 | 26.21 | ||||||||||||||
Exercised | (3,669 | ) | 12.48 | |||||||||||||
Cancelled | (1,943 | ) | 15.48 | |||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | 18,205 | 17.95 | 5.1 | $ | 157,662 | |||||||||||
Exercisable as of December 31, 2010 | 5,839 | 25.79 | 4.0 | 23,503 | ||||||||||||
Vested and expected to vest after December 31, 2010 | 16,236 | 18.09 | 5.0 | 141,328 | ||||||||||||
The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options shown in the stock option activity table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value at December 31, 2010, based on our closing stock price of $25.09 as of the last trading date. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $41 million, $6 million and $7 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.
During 2010 and 2009, we awarded stock options as our primary form of stock-based compensation. During 2008, we also granted stock options to certain key employees. The fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 were estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, assuming the following weighted average assumptions:
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Risk-free interest rate | 2.18 | % | 1.75 | % | 2.18 | % | ||||||
Expected volatility | 51.75 | % | 49.96 | % | 45.63 | % | ||||||
Expected life (in years) | 4.72 | 4.72 | 4.54 | |||||||||
Dividend yield | 1.25 | % | — | — | ||||||||
Weighted-average estimated fair value of options granted during the year | $ | 9.28 | $ | 3.31 | $ | 3.38 | ||||||
Our expected dividend rate was zero prior to our first dividend declaration on February 10, 2010 as we did not historically pay cash dividends on our common stock and did not anticipate doing so for the foreseeable future. For stock options granted after February 10, 2010, including our annual employee grants, we used an annualized dividend yield based on the first quarterly per share dividend declared by our Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors.
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The following table presents a summary of our stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2010:
| Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||
Range of Exercise Prices | Shares | Weighted- Average Price Per Share | Remaining Contractual Life | Shares | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | (In years) | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
$ 0.01 - $5.00 | 111 | $ | 4.39 | 2.1 | 111 | $ | 4.39 | |||||||||||||
5.01 - 8.00 | 6,614 | 7.37 | 5.3 | 829 | 7.37 | |||||||||||||||
8.01 - 12.00 | 1,095 | 9.30 | 5.2 | 82 | 9.55 | |||||||||||||||
12.01 - 18.00 | 466 | 14.48 | 2.7 | 337 | 14.27 | |||||||||||||||
18.01 - 25.00 | 5,739 | 22.31 | 5.8 | 390 | 21.01 | |||||||||||||||
25.01 - 35.00 | 2,762 | 28.32 | 4.3 | 2,672 | 28.39 | |||||||||||||||
35.01 - 45.00 | 1,418 | 38.33 | 4.4 | 1,418 | 38.33 | |||||||||||||||
0.01 - 45.00 | 18,205 | 17.95 | 5.1 | 5,839 | 25.79 | |||||||||||||||
RSUs, which are stock awards that are granted to employees entitling the holder to shares of our common stock as the award vests, were our primary form of stock-based award prior to 2009. We record RSUs that will settle in cash as a liability and we remeasure them to fair value at the end of each reporting period. Awards that settle in cash and the resulting liability are insignificant. Our RSUs generally vest over five years, but may accelerate in certain circumstances, including certain changes in control.
The following table presents a summary of RSU activity:
| RSUs | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value | |||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||
Balance as of January 1, 2008 | 8,262 | $ | 21.43 | |||||
Granted | 4,123 | 21.78 | ||||||
Vested and released | (1,846 | ) | 21.76 | |||||
Cancelled | (1,493 | ) | 22.20 | |||||
Balance as of December 31, 2008 | 9,046 | 21.41 | ||||||
Granted | 988 | 9.10 | ||||||
Vested and released | (2,362 | ) | 21.69 | |||||
Cancelled | (1,107 | ) | 21.01 | |||||
Balance as of December 31, 2009 | 6,565 | 19.50 | ||||||
Granted | 525 | 26.21 | ||||||
Vested and released | (1,899 | ) | 17.29 | |||||
Cancelled | (558 | ) | 20.88 | |||||
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | 4,633 | 20.12 | ||||||
The total fair value of shares vested and released during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $43 million, $27 million and $42 million. Included in RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2010 are 800,000 of RSUs awarded to our Chief Executive Officer, for which vesting is tied to achievement of performance targets.
In 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recognized total stock-based compensation expense of $60 million, $62 million and $61 million. The total income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense was $20 million for both 2010 and 2009 and $21 million for 2008.
Cash received from stock-based award exercises for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 was $51 million and $16 million. Our employees that held IAC vested stock options prior to the Spin-Off received vested stock options in both Expedia and IAC. As these stock options are exercised, we receive a tax deduction.
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Total current income tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 associated with the exercise of IAC and Expedia stock-based awards held by our employees were $27 million and $10 million, of which we recorded less than $1 million in 2010 and 2009 as a reduction of goodwill.
As of December 31, 2010, there was approximately $91 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested stock-based awards, which is expected to be recognized in expense over a weighted-average period of 2.44 years.
We have fully vested stock warrants with expiration dates through May 2012 outstanding. Each stock warrant is exercisable for a certain number of shares of our common stock or a fraction thereof.
The following table presents a summary of our stock warrants (equivalent shares) from December 31, 2009 through December 31, 2010:
Expiration Date | Outstanding Warrants at December 31, 2009 | Exercised | Cancelled | Outstanding Warrants at December 31, 2010 | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per warrant data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
May 2012 | 16,094 | (1 | ) | — | 16,093 | $ | 25.56 | |||||||||||||
May 2010 | 3 | — | (3 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| 16,097 | (1 | ) | (3 | ) | 16,093 | |||||||||||||||
NOTE 10 — Income Taxes
The following table presents a summary of our U.S. and foreign income (loss) before income taxes:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
U.S | $ | 378,604 | $ | 431,599 | $ | (2,442,297 | ) | |||||
Foreign | 241,964 | 26,424 | (72,407 | ) | ||||||||
Total | $ | 620,568 | $ | 458,023 | $ | (2,514,704 | ) | |||||
The following table presents a summary of our income tax expense components:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Current income tax expense: | ||||||||||||
Federal | $ | 107,172 | $ | 127,386 | $ | 196,072 | ||||||
State | 14,723 | 15,604 | 16,029 | |||||||||
Foreign | 50,281 | 24,030 | 2,907 | |||||||||
Current income tax expense | 172,176 | 167,020 | 215,008 | |||||||||
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense: | ||||||||||||
Federal | 24,282 | (7,468 | ) | (188,901 | ) | |||||||
State | 2,771 | (1,590 | ) | (7,841 | ) | |||||||
Foreign | (4,221 | ) | (3,562 | ) | (12,300 | ) | ||||||
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense: | 22,832 | (12,620 | ) | (209,042 | ) | |||||||
Income tax expense | $ | 195,008 | $ | 154,400 | $ | 5,966 | ||||||
For all periods presented, we have computed current and deferred tax expense using our stand-alone effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2010, our current income tax receivable represents refunds receivable from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and other tax authorities based on our taxable income.
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We reduced our current income tax payable by $27 million, $10 million and $19 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, for tax deductions attributable to stock-based compensation. We recorded less than $1 million for 2010 and 2009 and $2 million for 2008 of the related income tax benefits of this stock-based compensation as a reduction of goodwill.
The tax effect of cumulative temporary differences and net operating losses that give rise to our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows:
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||
Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
Provision for accrued expenses | $ | 48,204 | $ | 56,824 | ||||
Revenue items | — | 16,620 | ||||||
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards | 36,909 | 36,243 | ||||||
Capitalized R&D expenditures | 3,631 | 7,121 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation | 45,830 | 45,210 | ||||||
Investment impairment | 8,593 | 8,572 | ||||||
Other | 13,707 | 13,560 | ||||||
Total deferred tax assets | 156,874 | 184,150 | ||||||
Less valuation allowance | (45,498 | ) | (45,715 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 111,376 | $ | 138,435 | ||||
Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||
Prepaid merchant bookings and prepaid expenses | $ | (44,043 | ) | $ | (53,854 | ) | ||
Intangible assets | (215,232 | ) | (222,313 | ) | ||||
Investment in subsidiaries | (8,104 | ) | (8,421 | ) | ||||
Unrealized gains | (9,978 | ) | (14,480 | ) | ||||
Property and equipment | (54,380 | ) | (41,849 | ) | ||||
Other | (5,460 | ) | — | |||||
Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | (337,197 | ) | $ | (340,917 | ) | ||
Net deferred tax liability | $ | (225,821 | ) | $ | (202,482 | ) | ||
At December 31, 2010, we had federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of approximately $9 million, $38 million and $96 million. If not utilized, the federal and state NOLs will expire at various times between 2011 and 2030, $70 million foreign NOLs can be carried forward indefinitely, and $26 million foreign NOLs will expire at various times between 2011 and 2030.
At December 31, 2010, we had a valuation allowance of approximately $45 million related to the portion of net operating loss carryforwards and other items for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will not be realized. This amount represented a decrease of less than $1 million over the amount recorded as of December 31, 2009.
We have not provided deferred U.S. income taxes on undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that we intend to reinvest permanently outside of the United States; the total amount of such earnings as of December 31, 2010 was $244 million. Should we distribute earnings of foreign subsidiaries in the form of dividends or otherwise, we may be subject to U.S. income taxes. Due to complexities in tax laws and various assumptions that would have to be made, it is not practicable to estimate the amount of unrecognized deferred U.S. taxes on these earnings.
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A reconciliation of total income tax expense to the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense at the federal statutory rate of 35% | $ | 217,199 | $ | 160,308 | $ | (880,146 | ) | |||||
Foreign rate differential | (37,804 | ) | (2,728 | ) | 2,700 | |||||||
State income taxes, net of effect of federal tax benefit | 8,706 | 7,089 | 11,317 | |||||||||
Unrecognized tax benefits and related interest | (5,536 | ) | 3,923 | 12,525 | ||||||||
Non-deductible goodwill impairment | — | — | 855,550 | |||||||||
Worthless stock deduction | — | (23,124 | ) | — | ||||||||
Other, net | 12,443 | 8,932 | 4,020 | |||||||||
Income tax expense | $ | 195,008 | $ | 154,400 | $ | 5,966 | ||||||
The effective tax rate in 2010 was lower than the 35% federal statutory rate primarily due to increase in earnings in jurisdictions outside the United States, where our effective rate is lower. During 2009, we recorded a tax benefit of $23 million related to a worthless stock deduction associated with the closure of a foreign subsidiary.
By virtue of the previously filed separate company and consolidated income tax returns filed with IAC, we are routinely under audit by federal, state, local and foreign authorities. These audits include questioning the timing and the amount of income and deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. Annual tax provisions include amounts considered sufficient to pay assessments that may result from the examination of prior year returns. We are no longer subject to tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2003.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows, in thousands:
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 190,708 | $ | 179,839 | $ | 173,593 | ||||||
Increases to tax positions related to the current year | 12,414 | 2,117 | 15,883 | |||||||||
Increases to tax positions related to the prior year | 6,849 | 21,433 | — | |||||||||
Decreases to tax positions related to the prior year | (95,687 | ) | (7,549 | ) | (22,520 | ) | ||||||
Reductions due to lapsed statute of limitations | (27,160 | ) | (708 | ) | — | |||||||
Settlements during current year | (913 | ) | (4,351 | ) | (4,911 | ) | ||||||
Interest and penalties | (10,916 | ) | (73 | ) | 17,794 | |||||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 75,295 | $ | 190,708 | $ | 179,839 | ||||||
As of December 31, 2010, we had $75 million of unrecognized tax benefits, of which $74 million is classified as long-term and included in other long-term liabilities.
Included in the balance at December 31, 2010 and 2009 were $53 million and $46 million of liabilities for uncertain tax positions that, if recognized, would decrease our provision for income taxes.
During 2010, the IRS concluded its audit of our consolidated federal tax return for the periods ended December 31, 2005 through December 31, 2007. As a result, we decreased our liability for uncertain tax positions by $152 million, of which $16 million decreased our provision for income taxes, $112 million increased additional paid-in capital and the remaining amount was primarily a decrease to deferred tax assets. The increase in additional paid-in capital is attributable to excess tax benefits related to certain exercises of stock options during 2005 and 2007, the cash benefits of which were recognized during those years.
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We recognize interest and penalties related to our liabilities for uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had approximately $13 million and $24 million accrued for the potential payment of estimated interest and penalties. During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recognized approximately $(11) million, $(1) million and $12 million of interest (income) expense, net of federal benefit and penalties, related to our liabilities for uncertain tax positions.
NOTE 11 — Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock and Class B Common Stock
Our authorized common stock consists of 1.6 billion shares of common stock with par value of $0.001 per share, and 400 million shares of Class B common stock with par value of $0.001 per share. Both classes of common stock qualify for and share equally in dividends, if declared by our Board of Directors, and generally vote together on all matters. Common stock is entitled to one vote per share and Class B common stock is entitled to 10 votes per share. Holders of common stock, voting as a single, separate class are entitled to elect 25% of the total number of directors. Class B common stockholders may, at any time, convert their shares into common stock, on a one for one share basis. Upon conversion, the Class B common stock is retired and is not available for reissue. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up of Expedia, Inc., the holders of both classes of common stock have equal rights to receive all the assets of Expedia, Inc. after the rights of the holders of the preferred stock have been satisfied.
Preferred Stock
Our preferred stock has a face value of $22.23 per share and each share is entitled to an annual dividend of 1.99%. Each preferred stockholder is entitled to two votes per share. Preferred stockholders may, at certain times through 2017, elect to have their shares redeemed or elect to convert their shares into common stock based upon formulas described in the related Certificate of Designations of Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock of Expedia, Inc. Beginning February 4, 2012, we may redeem the preferred stock for cash or common stock. On February 4, 2022, all outstanding shares of preferred stock automatically convert into common stock.
Share Repurchases
In 2006, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase of up to 20 million outstanding shares of our common stock. On October 25, 2010, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, authorized an additional repurchase of up to 20 million outstanding shares of our common stock. During 2010, we repurchased, through open market transactions, 20.6 million shares under these authorizations for a total cost of $489 million, excluding transaction costs, representing an average repurchase price of $23.71 per share. As of December 31, 2010, 19.4 million shares remain authorized for repurchase under the October 2010 authorization. There is no fixed termination date for the repurchases.
Dividends on our Common Stock
In 2010, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared the following dividends:
Declaration Date | Dividend Per Share | Record Date | Total Amount (in thousands) | Payment Date | ||||||||
February 10, 2010 | $ | 0.07 | March 11, 2010 | $ | 20,220 | March 31, 2010 | ||||||
April 27, 2010 | 0.07 | May 27, 2010 | 19,902 | June 17, 2010 | ||||||||
July 26, 2010 | 0.07 | August 26, 2010 | 19,703 | September 16, 2010 | ||||||||
October 25, 2010 | 0.07 | November 18, 2010 | 19,251 | December 9, 2010 | ||||||||
In addition, on February 9, 2011, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share of outstanding common stock to thestockholders of record as of the close of business on March 11, 2011. Future declarations of dividends are subject to final determination by our Board of Directors.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax for 2010 and 2009 is primarily comprised of accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents the changes in the components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 425,560 | $ | 303,623 | $ | (2,520,670 | ) | |||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||
Currency translation adjustments | (11,996 | ) | 19,635 | (36,088 | ) | |||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of taxes: | ||||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains, net of tax effect of $(191) | 356 | — | — | |||||||||
Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains recognized during the period, net of tax effect of $15 | (27 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of taxes: | ||||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax effect of $(2,058) | — | — | 3,614 | |||||||||
Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains recognized during the period, net of tax effect of $2,255 | — | — | (3,953 | ) | ||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) | 413,893 | 323,258 | (2,557,097 | ) | ||||||||
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4,575 | ) | (4,351 | ) | (364 | ) | ||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Expedia, Inc. | $ | 409,318 | $ | 318,907 | $ | (2,557,461 | ) | |||||
Noncontrolling Interests
In 2010, we acquired additional interests in certain majority owned subsidiaries for $78 million in cash. Amounts paid in excess of the respective noncontrolling interests were recorded to additional paid-in capital.
NOTE 12 — Earnings Per Share
Basic Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share was calculated for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 using the weighted average number of common and Class B common shares outstanding during the period excluding restricted stock and stock held in escrow. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had 751 shares of preferred stock outstanding, the impact of which on our earnings per share calculation is immaterial.
Diluted Earnings Per Share
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we computed diluted earnings per share using (i) the number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock used in the basic earnings per share calculation as indicated above (ii) if dilutive, the incremental common stock that we would issue upon the assumed exercise of stock options and stock warrants and the vesting of RSUs using the treasury stock method, and (iii) other stock-based commitments.
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The following table presents our basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Expedia, Inc. | $ | 421,500 | $ | 299,526 | $ | (2,517,763 | ) | |||||
Earnings per share attributable to Expedia, Inc. available to common stockholders: | ||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 1.49 | $ | 1.04 | $ | (8.80 | ) | |||||
Diluted | 1.46 | 1.03 | (8.80 | ) | ||||||||
Weighted average number of shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||
Basic | 282,465 | 288,214 | 286,167 | |||||||||
Dilutive effect of: | ||||||||||||
Options to purchase common stock | 4,093 | 2,842 | — | |||||||||
Warrants to purchase common stock | 295 | 92 | — | |||||||||
Other dilutive securities | 1,175 | 993 | — | |||||||||
Diluted | 288,028 | 292,141 | 286,167 | |||||||||
The earnings per share amounts are the same for common stock and Class B common stock because the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation.
NOTE 13 — Restructuring Charges
In conjunction with the reorganization of our business around our global brands, and the resulting centralization of locations and brand management, marketing and administrative personnel as well as certain customer operations centers, we recognized $34 million in restructuring charges during the year ended December 31, 2009. Restructuring charges related to our brand reorganization were completed by the end of 2009.
The following table summarizes the restructuring activity for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010:
| Employee Severance and Benefits | Other | Total | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Accrued liability as of January 1, 2009 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Charges | 31,018 | 3,150 | 34,168 | |||||||||
Payments | (11,859 | ) | (1,203 | ) | (13,062 | ) | ||||||
Non-cash items | (103 | ) | (629 | ) | (732 | ) | ||||||
Accrued liability as of December 31, 2009 | 19,056 | 1,318 | 20,374 | |||||||||
Payments | (17,346 | ) | (849 | ) | (18,195 | ) | ||||||
Accrued liability as of December 31, 2010 | $ | 1,710 | $ | 469 | $ | 2,179 | ||||||
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NOTE 14 — Other Income (Expense)
Other, net
The following table presents the components of other, net:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Foreign exchange rate losses, net | $ | (17,727 | ) | $ | (29,900 | ) | $ | (47,129 | ) | |||
Noncontrolling investment basis adjustment | — | (5,158 | ) | — | ||||||||
Other(1) | 511 | (306 | ) | 2,951 | ||||||||
Total | $ | (17,216 | ) | $ | (35,364 | ) | $ | (44,178 | ) | |||
| (1) | Other primarily includes equity gains (losses) on unconsolidated affiliates and other miscellaneous gains and losses as well as gains (losses) on derivatives instruments assumed at Spin-Off related to our Ask Jeeves note liability during 2008. |
In 2009, in conjunction with the acquisition of additional interest in one of our equity method investments, we remeasured our previously held equity interest to fair value and recognized the resulting loss of $5 million.
In 2008, in connection with the closing of an acquisition and the related holding of euros to economically hedge the purchase price, we recognized a net loss of $21 million, included in foreign exchange rate losses, net.
NOTE 15 — Commitments and Contingencies
Letters of Credit, Purchase Obligations and Guarantees
We have commitments and obligations that include purchase obligations, guarantees and LOCs, which could potentially require our payment in the event of demands by third parties or contingent events. The following table presents these commitments and obligations as of December 31, 2010:
| Total | By Period | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 1 year | 1 to 3 years | 3 to 5 years | More than 5 years | |||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations | $ | 52,999 | $ | 38,021 | $ | 14,978 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
Guarantees | 36,829 | 33,301 | 3,528 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Letters of credit | 26,736 | 19,046 | 7,690 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 116,564 | $ | 90,368 | $ | 26,196 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
Our purchase obligations represent the minimum obligations we have under agreements with certain of our vendors. These minimum obligations are less than our projected use for those periods. Payments may be more than the minimum obligations based on actual use.
We have guarantees primarily related to certain foreign countries aviation authorities for the potential non-delivery, by us, of packaged travel sold in those countries. The authorities also require that a portion of the total amount of packaged travel sold be bonded. Our guarantees also include certain surety bonds related to various company performance obligations.
Our LOCs consist of stand-by LOCs, underwritten by a group of lenders, which we primarily issue for certain regulatory purposes as well as to certain hotel properties to secure our payment for hotel room transactions. The contractual expiration dates of these LOCs are shown in the table above. There were no claims made against any stand-by LOCs during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.
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Lease Commitments
We have contractual obligations in the form of operating leases for office space and related office equipment for which we record the related expense on a monthly basis. Certain leases contain periodic rent escalation adjustments and renewal options. Rent expense related to such leases is recorded on a straight-line basis. Operating lease obligations expire at various dates with the latest maturity in 2020. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recorded rental expense of $53 million, $50 million and $49 million.
The following table presents our estimated future minimum rental payments under operating leases with noncancelable lease terms that expire after December 31, 2010, in thousands:
Year ending December 31, | ||||
2011 | $ | 41,597 | ||
2012 | 39,565 | |||
2013 | 33,505 | |||
2014 | 28,021 | |||
2015 | 21,904 | |||
2016 and thereafter | 53,660 | |||
| $ | 218,252 | |||
Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to various lawsuits. Management does not expect these lawsuits to have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of Expedia. We also evaluate other potential contingent matters, including value-added tax, federal excise tax, transient occupancy or accommodation tax and similar matters. We do not believe that the aggregate amount of liability that could be reasonably possible with respect to these matters would have a material adverse effect on our financial results.
Litigation Relating to Hotel Occupancy Taxes. Sixty-nine lawsuits have been filed by cities and counties involving hotel occupancy taxes. These lawsuits are in various stages and we continue to defend against the claims made in them vigorously. With respect to the principal claims in these matters, we believe that the ordinances at issue do not apply to the services we provide, namely the facilitation of hotel reservations, and, therefore, that we do not owe the taxes that are claimed to be owed. We believe that the ordinances at issue generally impose occupancy and other taxes on entities that own, operate or control hotels (or similar businesses) or furnish or provide hotel rooms or similar accommodations. To date, twenty-one of the municipality lawsuits have been dismissed. Most of these dismissals have been without prejudice and, generally, allow the municipality to seek administrative remedies prior to pursuing further litigation. Nine dismissals (Pitt County, North Carolina; City of Madison, Wisconsin; City of Orange, Texas; Fayetteville, Arkansas; Houston, Texas; Louisville, Kentucky; Township of Lyndhurst, New Jersey; Bowling Green, Kentucky; and St. Louis, Missouri) were based on a finding that we and the other defendants were not subject to the local hotel occupancy tax ordinance or that the local government lacked standing to pursue their claims. As a result of this litigation and other attempts by certain jurisdictions to levy such taxes, we have established a reserve for the potential settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy taxes, consistent with applicable accounting principles and in light of all current facts and circumstances, in the amount of $24 million as of December 31, 2010 and $21 million as of December 31, 2009. This reserve is based on our best estimate and the ultimate resolution of these contingencies may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded. In addition, as of December 31, 2010, we have accrued $13 million related to court decisions and final settlements.
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In connection with various occupancy tax audits and assessments, certain jurisdictions may assert that taxpayers are required to pay any assessed taxes prior to being allowed to contest or litigate the applicability of the ordinances, which is referred to as “pay-to-play.” These jurisdictions may attempt to require that we pay any assessed taxes prior to being allowed to contest or litigate the applicability of the tax ordinance. Payment of these amounts is not an admission that we believe we are subject to such taxes and, even when such payments are made, we continue to defend our position vigorously. During 2009, we expensed and paid approximately $48 million to the City of San Francisco for amounts assessed for hotel occupancy tax, including penalties and interest, from January 2000 to March 2009. During 2010, we expensed and paid approximately $3 million to the City of Santa Monica for amounts assessed for hotel occupancy tax. In each case, we paid such amounts in order to be allowed to pursue litigation challenging whether we are required to pay hotel occupancy tax on the portion of the customer payment we retain as compensation and, if so, the actual amounts owed. We do not believe that the amounts we retain as compensation are subject to the cities’ hotel occupancy tax ordinances. If we prevail in the litigation, the cities will be required to repay these amounts, plus interest. During the first quarter of 2009, the California Superior Court for Orange County determined we are not required to make a payment in order to litigate in Anaheim, California. That decision was affirmed by the California Court of Appeals on March 24, 2010 and the California Supreme Court denied the city’s petition for review.
Class Action Lawsuit. We were a defendant in a class action lawsuit filed in Seattle, Washington alleging that certain practices related to our service fees breached our Terms of Use and violated Washington’s Consumer Protection Act from 2001 through 2008. In May 2009, the court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment on their breach of contract claim, without the benefit of an actual trial on the merits, and denied the plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment on their Consumer Protection Act claim. We entered into a Settlement Agreement providing for the settlement of all claims alleged in the lawsuit, which was approved by the court on December 1, 2009. The court’s order approving the Settlement Agreement was appealed by third parties but dismissed by the court on April 14, 2010. We have denied and continue to deny all of the allegations and claims asserted in the lawsuit, including claims that the plaintiffs have suffered any harm or damages. We do not admit liability or the truth of any of the allegations in the lawsuit and settled the case to avoid costly and time-consuming litigation. The terms of the Settlement Agreement provided the class members the option to elect settlement in cash. For those not electing cash, amounts were settled in coupons. As of December 31, 2009, we had accrued $19 million related to this matter. As of December 31, 2010, the majority of the estimated settlement accrual was settled with either cash payments or coupon redemptions. The remaining settlement liability, which was increased during 2010 by approximately $3 million, includes an estimated coupon redemption rate. Any future difference between our estimated redemption rate and the actual redemption rate we experience will impact the final settlement amount; however, we do not expect material differences from the current amounts accrued.
NOTE 16 — Related Party Transactions
In connection with and following the Spin-Off, we entered into various commercial agreements with IAC, a related party due to common ownership. On August 20, 2008, IAC completed its plan to separate into five publicly traded companies. With this separation, our related party transactions with the newly constituted IAC have been immaterial and we expect this trend to continue on a go-forward basis.
In addition, in conjunction with the Spin-Off, we entered into a joint ownership and cost sharing agreement with IAC, under which IAC transferred to us 50% ownership in an airplane, which is available for use by both companies. We share equally in capital costs; operating costs are pro-rated based on actual usage. In May 2006, the airplane was placed in service and is being depreciated over 10 years. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the net basis in our ownership interest was $17 million for both periods recorded in long-term investments and other assets. In 2010 and 2009, operating and maintenance costs paid directly to the jointly-owned subsidiary for the airplane were nominal.
NOTE 17 — Segment Information
We have three reportable segments: Leisure, the TripAdvisor Media Network and Egencia. We determined our segments based on how our chief operating decision makers manage our business, make operating decisions
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and evaluate operating performance. Our primary operating metric for evaluating segment performance is Operating Income Before Amortization (“OIBA”). OIBA for our Leisure and Egencia segments includes allocations of certain expenses, primarily cost of revenue and facilities, and our Leisure segment includes the total costs of our Partner Services Group as well as the realized foreign currency gains or losses related to the forward contracts hedging a component of our net merchant hotel revenue. We base the allocations primarily on transaction volumes and other usage metrics; this methodology is periodically evaluated and may change. We do not allocate certain shared expenses such as accounting, human resources, information technology and legal to our reportable segments. We include these expenses in Corporate and Eliminations.
Our Leisure segment provides a full range of travel and advertising services to our worldwide customers through a variety of brands including: Expedia.com and Hotels.com in the United States and localized Expedia and Hotels.com websites throughout the world, Expedia Affiliate Network, Hotwire.com, Venere, eLong and Classic Vacations. Our TripAdvisor Media Network segment provides advertising services to travel suppliers on its websites, which aggregate traveler opinions and unbiased travel articles about cities, hotels, restaurants and activities in a variety of destinations through tripadvisor.com and its localized international versions, as well as through its various travel media content properties within the TripAdvisor Media Network. Our Egencia segment provides managed travel services to corporate customers in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region.
Our segment disclosure includes intersegment revenues, which primarily consist of advertising and media services provided by our TripAdvisor Media Network segment to our Leisure segment. These intersegment transactions are recorded by each segment at estimated fair value as if the transactions were with third parties and, therefore, impact segment performance. However, the revenue and corresponding expense are eliminated in consolidation. The elimination of such intersegment transactions is included within Corporate and Eliminations in the table below.
Corporate and Eliminations also includes unallocated corporate functions and expenses. In addition, we record amortization of intangible assets and any related impairment, as well as stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges and other items excluded from segment operating performance in Corporate and Eliminations. Such amounts are detailed in our segment reconciliation below.
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The following tables present our segment information for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. As a significant portion of our property and equipment is not allocated to our operating segments, we do not report the assets or related depreciation expense as it would not be meaningful, nor do we regularly provide such information to our chief operating decision makers.
| Year ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Leisure | TripAdvisor Media Network | Egencia | Corporate & Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Third-party revenue | $ | 2,890,611 | $ | 314,464 | $ | 143,034 | $ | — | $ | 3,348,109 | ||||||||||
Intersegment revenue | — | 171,110 | — | (171,110 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 2,890,611 | $ | 485,574 | $ | 143,034 | $ | (171,110 | ) | $ | 3,348,109 | |||||||||
Operating Income Before Amortization | $ | 851,109 | $ | 259,634 | $ | 16,706 | $ | (296,728 | ) | $ | 830,721 | |||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | — | — | (37,123 | ) | (37,123 | ) | |||||||||||||
Occupancy tax assessments and legal reserves | — | — | — | (5,542 | ) | (5,542 | ) | |||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | (59,690 | ) | (59,690 | ) | |||||||||||||
Realized loss on revenue hedges | 3,549 | — | — | — | 3,549 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | $ | 854,658 | $ | 259,634 | $ | 16,706 | $ | (399,083 | ) | 731,915 | ||||||||||
Other expense, net | (111,347 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 620,568 | |||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | (195,008 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income | 425,560 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4,060 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. | $ | 421,500 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Year ended December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Leisure | TripAdvisor Media Network | Egencia | Corporate & Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Third-party revenue | $ | 2,634,766 | $ | 212,375 | $ | 108,285 | $ | — | $ | 2,955,426 | ||||||||||
Intersegment revenue | — | 139,714 | — | (139,714 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 2,634,766 | $ | 352,089 | $ | 108,285 | $ | (139,714 | ) | $ | 2,955,426 | |||||||||
Operating Income Before Amortization | $ | 845,917 | $ | 195,933 | $ | 1,350 | $ | (281,668 | ) | $ | 761,532 | |||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | — | — | (37,681 | ) | (37,681 | ) | |||||||||||||
Occupancy tax assessments and legal reserves | — | — | — | (67,658 | ) | (67,658 | ) | |||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | — | — | — | (34,168 | ) | (34,168 | ) | |||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | (61,661 | ) | (61,661 | ) | |||||||||||||
Realized loss on revenue hedges | 11,050 | — | — | — | 11,050 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | $ | 856,967 | $ | 195,933 | $ | 1,350 | $ | (482,836 | ) | 571,414 | ||||||||||
Other expense, net | (113,391 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 458,023 | |||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | (154,400 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income | 303,623 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4,097 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. | $ | 299,526 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Leisure | TripAdvisor Media Network | Egencia | Corporate & Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Third-party revenue | $ | 2,626,814 | $ | 200,578 | $ | 109,621 | $ | — | $ | 2,937,013 | ||||||||||
Intersegment revenue | — | 97,668 | — | (97,668 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 2,626,814 | $ | 298,246 | $ | 109,621 | $ | (97,668 | ) | $ | 2,937,013 | |||||||||
Operating Income Before Amortization | $ | 844,546 | $ | 150,036 | $ | 4,763 | $ | (301,571 | ) | $ | 697,774 | |||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | — | — | (69,436 | ) | (69,436 | ) | |||||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill | — | — | — | (2,762,100 | ) | (2,762,100 | ) | |||||||||||||
Impairment of intangible and other long-lived assets | — | — | — | (233,900 | ) | (233,900 | ) | |||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | (61,291 | ) | (61,291 | ) | |||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | $ | 844,546 | $ | 150,036 | $ | 4,763 | $ | (3,428,298 | ) | (2,428,953 | ) | |||||||||
Other expense, net | (85,751 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (2,514,704 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | (5,966 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (2,520,670 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 2,907 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to Expedia, Inc. | $ | (2,517,763 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
We revised prior year OIBA by segment to conform to our current year presentation. There was no impact on consolidated OIBA as a result of these changes.
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Geographic Information
The following table presents revenue by geographic area, the United States and all other countries, based on the geographic location of our websites or points of sale for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Revenue | ||||||||||||
United States | $ | 2,066,107 | $ | 1,864,281 | $ | 1,937,068 | ||||||
All other countries | 1,282,002 | 1,091,145 | 999,945 | |||||||||
| $ | 3,348,109 | $ | 2,955,426 | $ | 2,937,013 | |||||||
The following table presents property and equipment, net for the United States and all other countries, as of December 31, 2010 and 2009:
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||
Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
United States | $ | 248,842 | $ | 208,190 | ||||
All other countries | 28,219 | 28,630 | ||||||
| $ | 277,061 | $ | 236,820 | |||||
NOTE 18 — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
The following table presents the changes in our valuation and qualifying accounts. Other reserves primarily include our accrual of the cost associated with purchases made on our website related to the use of fraudulent credit cards “charged-back” due to payment disputes and cancellation fees.
Description | Balance of Beginning of Period | Charges to Earnings | Charges to Other Accounts(1) | Deductions | Balance at End of Period | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 14,562 | $ | 4,112 | $ | (107 | ) | $ | (6,453 | ) | $ | 12,114 | ||||||||
Other reserves | 6,599 | 7,797 | ||||||||||||||||||
2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 12,584 | $ | 4,879 | $ | 629 | $ | (3,530 | ) | $ | 14,562 | |||||||||
Other reserves | 5,842 | 6,599 | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 6,081 | $ | 6,121 | $ | 1,974 | $ | (1,592 | ) | $ | 12,584 | |||||||||
Other reserves | 6,300 | 5,842 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Charges to other accounts primarily relates to amounts acquired through acquisitions and net translation adjustments. |
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NOTE 19 — Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31 | September 30 | June 30 | March 31 | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 808,370 | $ | 987,860 | $ | 833,960 | $ | 717,919 | ||||||||
Operating income | 149,247 | 276,804 | 193,690 | 112,174 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. | 71,293 | 176,550 | 114,262 | 59,395 | ||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share(1) | $ | 0.26 | $ | 0.63 | $ | 0.40 | $ | 0.21 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per share(1) | 0.25 | 0.62 | 0.40 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 697,518 | $ | 852,428 | $ | 769,768 | $ | 635,712 | ||||||||
Operating income | 140,851 | 222,974 | 114,642 | 92,947 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. | 102,226 | 117,014 | 40,902 | 39,384 | ||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share(1) | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.14 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per share(1) | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.14 | 0.14 | ||||||||||||
| (1) | Earnings per share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sum of the quarterly earnings per share may not equal the total computed for the year. |
NOTE 20 — Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Supplemental Financial Information
Condensed consolidating financial information of Expedia, Inc. (the “Parent”), our subsidiaries that are guarantors of our debt facility and instruments (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”), and our subsidiaries that are not guarantors of our debt facility and instruments (the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) is shown below. The debt facility and instruments are guaranteed by certain of our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. The guarantees are full, unconditional, joint and several. In this financial information, the Parent and Guarantor Subsidiaries account for investments in their wholly-owned subsidiaries using the equity method.
We revised the prior year condensed consolidating statements of operations to conform to our current year presentation. There was no impact on net income for the Parent or the Guarantor or Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries as a result of these changes.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATION
Year Ended December 31, 2010
| Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | — | $ | 2,970,193 | $ | 442,389 | $ | (64,473 | ) | $ | 3,348,109 | |||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue | — | 595,581 | 98,372 | (1,121 | ) | 692,832 | ||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing | — | 875,534 | 392,143 | (63,536 | ) | 1,204,141 | ||||||||||||||
Technology and content | — | 287,037 | 75,352 | 58 | 362,447 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | — | 224,457 | 89,526 | 126 | 314,109 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | 10,351 | 26,772 | — | 37,123 | |||||||||||||||
Occupancy tax assessments and legal reserves | — | 5,542 | — | — | 5,542 | |||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany (income) expense, net | — | 492,455 | (492,455 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Operating income | — | 479,236 | 252,679 | — | 731,915 | |||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in pre-tax earnings of consolidated subsidiaries | 483,919 | 198,554 | — | (682,473 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Other, net | (91,022 | ) | (19,677 | ) | (648 | ) | — | (111,347 | ) | |||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net | 392,897 | 178,877 | (648 | ) | (682,473 | ) | (111,347 | ) | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 392,897 | 658,113 | 252,031 | (682,473 | ) | 620,568 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 28,603 | (169,868 | ) | (53,743 | ) | — | (195,008 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net income | 421,500 | 488,245 | 198,288 | (682,473 | ) | 425,560 | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (4,060 | ) | — | (4,060 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. | $ | 421,500 | $ | 488,245 | $ | 194,228 | $ | (682,473 | ) | $ | 421,500 | |||||||||
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATION
Year Ended December 31, 2009
| Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | — | $ | 2,563,961 | $ | 458,919 | $ | (67,454 | ) | $ | 2,955,426 | |||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue | — | 498,614 | 112,894 | (4,257 | ) | 607,251 | ||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing | — | 703,490 | 386,568 | (62,996 | ) | 1,027,062 | ||||||||||||||
Technology and content | — | 253,386 | 66,340 | (18 | ) | 319,708 | ||||||||||||||
General and administrative | — | 205,520 | 85,147 | (183 | ) | 290,484 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | 10,599 | 27,082 | — | 37,681 | |||||||||||||||
Occupancy tax assessments and legal reserves | — | 67,658 | — | — | 67,658 | |||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | — | 8,761 | 25,407 | — | 34,168 | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany (income) expense, net | 300,371 | (300,371 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Operating income | — | 515,562 | 55,852 | — | 571,414 | |||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in pre-tax earnings of consolidated subsidiaries | 347,786 | 21,715 | — | (369,501 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Other, net | (72,780 | ) | (39,210 | ) | (1,401 | ) | — | (113,391 | ) | |||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net | 275,006 | (17,495 | ) | (1,401 | ) | (369,501 | ) | (113,391 | ) | |||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 275,006 | 498,067 | 54,451 | (369,501 | ) | 458,023 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 24,520 | (147,124 | ) | (31,796 | ) | — | (154,400 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net income | 299,526 | 350,943 | 22,655 | (369,501 | ) | 303,623 | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (4,097 | ) | — | (4,097 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. | $ | 299,526 | $ | 350,943 | $ | 18,558 | $ | (369,501 | ) | $ | 299,526 | |||||||||
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATION
Year Ended December 31, 2008
| Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | — | $ | 2,618,064 | $ | 338,342 | $ | (19,393 | ) | $ | 2,937,013 | |||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue | — | 534,330 | 108,928 | (4,549 | ) | 638,709 | ||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing | — | 678,735 | 441,365 | (14,763 | ) | 1,105,337 | ||||||||||||||
Technology and content | — | 234,444 | 53,103 | 216 | 287,763 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | — | 174,945 | 94,073 | (297 | ) | 268,721 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | 52,928 | 16,508 | — | 69,436 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill | — | 2,592,672 | 169,428 | — | 2,762,100 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of intangible and other long-lived assets | — | 198,541 | 35,359 | — | 233,900 | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany (income) expense, net | — | 397,366 | (397,366 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||
Operating loss | — | (2,245,897 | ) | (183,056 | ) | — | (2,428,953 | ) | ||||||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in pre-tax earnings of consolidated subsidiaries | (2,490,324 | ) | (138,939 | ) | — | 2,629,263 | — | |||||||||||||
Other, net | (50,648 | ) | (18,204 | ) | (16,899 | ) | — | (85,751 | ) | |||||||||||
Total other expense, net | (2,540,972 | ) | (157,143 | ) | (16,899 | ) | 2,629,263 | (85,751 | ) | |||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (2,540,972 | ) | (2,403,040 | ) | (199,955 | ) | 2,629,263 | (2,514,704 | ) | |||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 23,209 | (83,849 | ) | 54,674 | — | (5,966 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net loss | (2,517,763 | ) | (2,486,889 | ) | (145,281 | ) | 2,629,263 | (2,520,670 | ) | |||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | 2,907 | — | 2,907 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to Expedia, Inc. | $ | (2,517,763 | ) | $ | (2,486,889 | ) | $ | (142,374 | ) | $ | 2,629,263 | $ | (2,517,763 | ) | ||||||
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2010
| Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total current assets | $ | 95,195 | $ | 1,305,807 | $ | 578,332 | $ | (277,707 | ) | $ | 1,701,627 | |||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries | 4,589,428 | 1,061,282 | — | (5,650,710 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Intangible assets, net | — | 674,290 | 123,417 | — | 797,707 | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill | — | 3,057,547 | 584,813 | — | 3,642,360 | |||||||||||||||
Other assets, net | 8,415 | 399,593 | 101,292 | — | 509,300 | |||||||||||||||
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 4,693,038 | $ | 6,498,519 | $ | 1,387,854 | $ | (5,928,417 | ) | $ | 6,650,994 | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities | $ | 311,441 | $ | 1,619,260 | $ | 236,426 | $ | (277,707 | ) | $ | 1,889,420 | |||||||||
Long-term debt | 1,644,894 | — | — | — | 1,644,894 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities | — | 290,287 | 89,690 | — | 379,977 | |||||||||||||||
Stockholders’ equity | 2,736,703 | 4,588,972 | 1,061,738 | (5,650,710 | ) | 2,736,703 | ||||||||||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 4,693,038 | $ | 6,498,519 | $ | 1,387,854 | $ | (5,928,417 | ) | $ | 6,650,994 | |||||||||
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2009
| Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total current assets | $ | 95,846 | $ | 1,643,085 | $ | 420,379 | $ | (934,261 | ) | $ | 1,225,049 | |||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries | 4,163,845 | 590,536 | — | (4,754,381 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Intangible assets, net | — | 684,367 | 138,664 | — | 823,031 | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill | — | 3,057,942 | 546,052 | — | 3,603,994 | |||||||||||||||
Other assets, net | 3,128 | 199,838 | 82,116 | — | 285,082 | |||||||||||||||
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 4,262,819 | $ | 6,175,768 | $ | 1,187,211 | $ | (5,688,642 | ) | $ | 5,937,156 | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities | $ | 618,007 | $ | 1,621,449 | $ | 529,862 | $ | (934,261 | ) | $ | 1,835,057 | |||||||||
Long-term debt | 895,086 | — | — | — | 895,086 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities | — | 377,821 | 79,466 | — | 457,287 | |||||||||||||||
Stockholders’ equity | 2,749,726 | 4,176,498 | 577,883 | (4,754,381 | ) | 2,749,726 | ||||||||||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 4,262,819 | $ | 6,175,768 | $ | 1,187,211 | $ | (5,688,642 | ) | $ | 5,937,156 | |||||||||
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 2010
| Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | — | $ | 434,328 | $ | 343,155 | $ | 777,483 | ||||||||
Investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures, including internal-use software and website development | — | (134,925 | ) | (20,264 | ) | (155,189 | ) | |||||||||
Purchases of investments | — | (846,344 | ) | (144,085 | ) | (990,429 | ) | |||||||||
Sales and maturities of investments | — | 282,450 | 83,586 | 366,036 | ||||||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — | — | (50,465 | ) | (50,465 | ) | ||||||||||
Other, net | — | 14,938 | (2,587 | ) | 12,351 | |||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | — | (683,881 | ) | (133,815 | ) | (817,696 | ) | |||||||||
Financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs | 742,470 | — | — | 742,470 | ||||||||||||
Payment of dividends to stockholders | (79,076 | ) | — | — | (79,076 | ) | ||||||||||
Treasury stock activity | (501,993 | ) | — | — | (501,993 | ) | ||||||||||
Purchase of additional interests in controlled subsidiaries | (77,929 | ) | (77,929 | ) | ||||||||||||
Transfers (to) from related parties | (219,556 | ) | 219,556 | — | — | |||||||||||
Other, net | 58,155 | (11,146 | ) | 1,400 | 48,409 | |||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | — | 208,410 | (76,529 | ) | 131,881 | |||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | — | (13,958 | ) | (5,922 | ) | (19,880 | ) | |||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | — | (55,101 | ) | 126,889 | 71,788 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | — | 418,855 | 223,689 | 642,544 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | — | $ | 363,754 | $ | 350,578 | $ | 714,332 | ||||||||
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 2009
| Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | — | $ | 586,275 | $ | 89,729 | $ | 676,004 | ||||||||
Investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures, including internal-use software and website development | — | (74,015 | ) | (18,002 | ) | (92,017 | ) | |||||||||
Purchases of investments | — | — | (45,903 | ) | (45,903 | ) | ||||||||||
Sales and maturities of investments | — | — | 93,092 | 93,092 | ||||||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — | — | (45,007 | ) | (45,007 | ) | ||||||||||
Other, net | — | 49,339 | (7,323 | ) | 42,016 | |||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | — | (24,676 | ) | (23,143 | ) | (47,819 | ) | |||||||||
Financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Credit facility repayments | — | (650,000 | ) | — | (650,000 | ) | ||||||||||
Transfers (to) from related parties | (9,149 | ) | 1,178 | 7,971 | — | |||||||||||
Other, net | 9,149 | (10,213 | ) | (9,268 | ) | (10,332 | ) | |||||||||
Net cash used in financing activities | — | (659,035 | ) | (1,297 | ) | (660,332 | ) | |||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | — | (22,050 | ) | 31,329 | 9,279 | |||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | — | (119,486 | ) | 96,618 | (22,868 | ) | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | — | 538,341 | 127,071 | 665,412 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | — | $ | 418,855 | $ | 223,689 | $ | 642,544 | ||||||||
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 2008
| Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | — | $ | 241,282 | $ | 279,406 | $ | 520,688 | ||||||||
Investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures, including internal-use software and website development | — | (133,842 | ) | (25,985 | ) | (159,827 | ) | |||||||||
Purchases of investments | — | — | (92,923 | ) | (92,923 | ) | ||||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — | — | (538,439 | ) | (538,439 | ) | ||||||||||
Net settlement of foreign currency forwards | — | (55,175 | ) | — | (55,175 | ) | ||||||||||
Reclassification of Reserve Primary Fund holdings | — | (80,360 | ) | — | (80,360 | ) | ||||||||||
Distribution from Reserve Primary Fund | — | 64,387 | — | 64,387 | ||||||||||||
Other, net | — | (157 | ) | 2,936 | 2,779 | |||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | — | (205,147 | ) | (654,411 | ) | (859,558 | ) | |||||||||
Financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs | 392,348 | — | — | 392,348 | ||||||||||||
Credit facility borrowings | — | 740,000 | — | 740,000 | ||||||||||||
Credit facility repayments | — | (675,000 | ) | — | (675,000 | ) | ||||||||||
Transfers (to) from related parties | (386,108 | ) | 115,955 | 270,153 | — | |||||||||||
Other, net | (6,240 | ) | 12,035 | 1,658 | 7,453 | |||||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | — | 192,990 | 271,811 | 464,801 | ||||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | — | (69,983 | ) | (7,922 | ) | (77,905 | ) | |||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | — | 159,142 | (111,116 | ) | 48,026 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | — | 379,199 | 238,187 | 617,386 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | — | $ | 538,341 | $ | 127,071 | $ | 665,412 | ||||||||
F-45
Table of Contents
Exhibit No. | Filed Herewith | Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
2.1 | Separation Agreement by and between Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 2.1 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Expedia, Inc. | 8-K | 000-51447 | 3.1 | 08/15/2005 | |||||||||||
3.2 | Certificate of Designations of Expedia, Inc. Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock | 8-K | 000-51447 | 3.2 | 08/15/2005 | |||||||||||
3.3 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Expedia, Inc. | 8-K | 000-51447 | 3.3 | 08/15/2005 | |||||||||||
4.1 | Equity Warrant Agreement, dated as of May 7, 2002, between IAC/InterActiveCorp and The Bank of New York, as equity warrant agent. | 8-K** | 000-20570 | 4.1 | 05/17/2002 | |||||||||||
4.2 | Indenture, dated as of August 21, 2006, among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors from time to time parties thereto, and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Expedia, Inc.’s 7.456% Senior Notes due 2018 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 4.1 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
4.3 | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 19, 2007, among Expedia, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee | S-4 | 333-140195 | 4.2 | 01/25/2007 | |||||||||||
4.4 | Indenture, dated as of June 24, 2008, among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto, and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Expedia, Inc.’s 8.5% Senior Notes due 2016 | X | ||||||||||||||
4.5 | Indenture, dated as of August 5, 2010, among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Guarantors party thereto, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, governing Expedia, Inc.’s 5.95% Senior Notes due 2020 | 8-K | 000-51447 | 4.1 | 08/10/2010 | |||||||||||
10.1 | Governance Agreement, by and among Expedia, Inc., Liberty Media Corporation and Barry Diller, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.6 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
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Exhibit No. | Filed Herewith | Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
10.2 | First Amendment to Governance Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2007, among Expedia, Inc., Liberty Media Corporation and Barry Diller | 8-K | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 06/19/2007 | |||||||||||
10.3 | Stockholders Agreement, by and between Liberty Media Corporation and Barry Diller, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 8-K | 000-51447 | 10.7 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
10.4 | Tax Sharing Agreement by and between Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.10 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
10.5 | Employee Matters Agreement by and between Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of August 9, 2005 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.11 | 1/14/2005 | |||||||||||
10.6 | Credit Agreement dated as of February 8, 2010, among Expedia, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Expedia, Inc., a Washington corporation, Travelscape, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company; TripAdvisor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Hotwire, Inc., a Delaware corporation, the Lenders from time to time party hereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as London Agent. | 8-K | 000-51447 | 99.1 | 2/11/2010 | |||||||||||
10.7 | First Amendment dated August 18, 2010 to Credit Agreement dated February 8, 2010 | 8-K | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 8/23/2010 | |||||||||||
10.8 | Office Building Lease by and between Tower 333 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and Expedia, Inc., a Washington corporation, dated June 25, 2007 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 08/03/2007 | |||||||||||
10.9* | Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan | DEF 14A | 000-51447 | Appendix A | 04/22/2009 | |||||||||||
10.10* | Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2009 | 10-K | 000-51447 | 10.13 | 02/19/2009 | |||||||||||
10.11* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Directors) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.9 | 11/14/2005 | |||||||||||
10.12* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Domestic Employees) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.24 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
10.13* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement (Domestic Employees) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.2 | 04/30/2009 | |||||||||||
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Exhibit No. | Filed Herewith | Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
10.14* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement (Contingent, Installment Vesting) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.3 | 04/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.15* | Form of Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement (Contingent, Cliff Vesting) | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.4 | 04/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.16* | Summary of Expedia, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 05/09/2007 | |||||||||||
10.17* | Director Compensation Agreements Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2009 | 10-K | 000-51447 | 10.17 | 02/19/2009 | |||||||||||
10.18* | Expedia Employment Agreement between Dara Khosrowshahi and Expedia, Inc., effective as of May 28, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 07/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.19* | Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Dara Khosrowshahi and Expedia, Inc., dated as of April 8, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.2 | 07/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.20* | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Michael B. Adler and Expedia, Inc., effective as of May 16, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.4 | 07/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.21* | Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Expedia, Inc. and Michael B. Adler, effective as of May 16, 2006 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.20 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
10.22* | Amendment to Employment Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Agreements between Expedia, Inc. and Michael B. Adler, dated December 31, 2008 | 10-K | 000-51447 | 10.22 | 02/19/2009 | |||||||||||
10.23* | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Burke F. Norton and Expedia, Inc., effective May 28, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.3 | 07/30/2009 | |||||||||||
10.24* | Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (First Agreement) between Expedia, Inc. and Burke Norton, dated as of October 25, 2006 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.22 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
10.25* | Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Second Agreement) between Expedia, Inc. and Burke Norton, dated as of October 25, 2006 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.23 | 11/14/2006 | |||||||||||
E-3
Table of Contents
Exhibit No. | Filed Herewith | Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
10.26* | Amendment to Employment Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Agreements between Expedia, Inc. and Burke Norton, dated December 31, 2008 | 10-K | 000-51447 | 10.26 | 02/19/2009 | |||||||||||
10.27* | Stock Option Agreement between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Barry Diller, dated as of June 7, 2005 | 10-Q** | 000-20570 | 10.8 | 11/09/2005 | |||||||||||
10.28* | IAC/InterActiveCorp 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan | S-4/A** | 333-124303 | Annex J | 06/17/2005 | |||||||||||
10.29* | Employment Agreement by and between Dhiren R. Fonseca and Expedia, Inc., effective March 16, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.1 | 04/30/2010 | |||||||||||
10.30* | Employment Agreement between Gary M. Fritz and Expedia, Inc., effective as of March 16, 2009 | 10-Q | 000-51447 | 10.4 | 04/30/2010 | |||||||||||
21 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant | X | ||||||||||||||
23.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | X | ||||||||||||||
31.1 | Certifications of the Chairman and Senior Executive Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
31.3 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
32.1 | Certification of the Chairman and Senior Executive pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
32.2 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
32.3 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||||||||||
E-4
Table of Contents
Exhibit No. | Filed Herewith | Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit Description | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
101*** | The following financial statements from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, formatted in XBRL: (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text. | |||||||||||||||
| * | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
| ** | Indicates reference to filing of IAC/InterActiveCorp |
| *** | Furnished herewith |
E-5