Derivative Financial Instruments | Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities Our multinational business exposes us to global market risks, including the effect of fluctuations in currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates. We use derivatives to help manage financial exposures that occur in the normal course of business. We formally document the purpose of each derivative contract, which includes linking the contract to the financial exposure it is designed to mitigate. We do not hold or issue derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. We use currency derivative contracts to limit our exposure to the currency exchange risk that we cannot mitigate internally by using netting strategies. We designate most of these contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions (expected to occur within three years). We record all changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges (except any ineffective portion) in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) until the underlying hedged transaction occurs, at which time we reclassify that amount into earnings. We assess the effectiveness of these hedges based on changes in forward exchange rates. The ineffective portion of the changes in fair value of our hedges (recognized immediately in earnings) during the periods presented in this report was not material. We had outstanding currency derivatives, related primarily to our euro, British pound, and Australian dollar exposures, with notional amounts totaling $1,265 million at April 30, 2016 and $1,164 million at July 31, 2016 . During the quarter ended July 31, 2016, we used some currency derivative forward contracts and foreign currency-denominated long-term debt as after-tax net investment hedges of our investments in certain foreign subsidiaries. Any change in value of the designated portion of the hedging instruments is recorded in AOCI, offsetting the foreign currency translation adjustment of the related net investments that is also recorded in AOCI. As of July 31, 2016, $569 million of our foreign currency-denominated debt was designated as a net investment hedge. Our net investment hedges are intended to mitigate foreign exchange exposure related to non-U.S. dollar net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in foreign exchange rates. We do not designate some of our currency derivatives and foreign currency-denominated debt as hedges because we use them to at least partially offset the immediate earnings impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on existing assets or liabilities. We immediately recognize the change in fair value of these instruments in earnings. We use forward purchase contracts with suppliers to protect against corn price volatility. We expect to physically take delivery of the corn underlying each contract and use it for production over a reasonable period of time. Accordingly, we account for these contracts as normal purchases rather than derivative instruments. During May 2015, we entered into interest rate derivative contracts (U.S. Treasury lock agreements) to manage the interest rate risk related to the anticipated issuance of fixed-rate senior, unsecured notes. We designated the contracts as cash flow hedges of the future interest payments associated with the anticipated notes. Upon issuance in June 2015 of an aggregate principal amount of $500 million of the 4.50% notes, due June 15, 2045, we settled the contracts for a gain of $8 million . The entire gain was recorded to AOCI and will be amortized as a reduction of interest expense over the life of the notes. The following table presents the pre-tax impact that changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments and non-derivative hedging instruments had on AOCI and earnings during the periods covered by this report: Three Months Ended July 31, (Dollars in millions) Classification 2015 2016 Derivative Instruments Currency derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI n/a $ 29 $ 29 Net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income Net sales 13 10 Interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI n/a 8 — Currency derivatives designated as net investment hedge: Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI n/a — 8 Currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Net gain (loss) recognized in income Net sales 3 1 Net gain (loss) recognized in income Other income 4 (5 ) Non-Derivative Hedging Instruments Foreign currency-denominated debt designated as net investment hedge: Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI n/a — (10 ) Foreign currency-denominated debt not designated as hedging instrument: Net gain (loss) recognized in income Other income — (1 ) We expect to reclassify $23 million of deferred net gains on cash flow hedges recorded in AOCI as of July 31, 2016 , to earnings during the next 12 months. This reclassification would offset the anticipated earnings impact of the underlying hedged exposures. The actual amounts that we ultimately reclassify to earnings will depend on the exchange rates in effect when the underlying hedged transactions occur. As of July 31, 2016 , the maximum term of our outstanding derivative contracts was 36 months . We did not reclassify any deferred gains or losses related to net investment hedges from AOCI to earnings during the three months ended July 31, 2016. Due to the high degree of effectiveness between the hedging instruments and the underlying exposures being hedged, we did not have any ineffectiveness related to net investment hedges during the three months ended July 31, 2016. The carrying amounts of our foreign currency-denominated debt are presented in Note 6. The following table presents the fair values of our derivative instruments as of April 30, 2016 and July 31, 2016 . (Dollars in millions) Classification Fair value of derivatives in a gain position Fair value of derivatives in a loss position April 30, 2016: Designated as cash flow hedges: Currency derivatives Other current assets $ 23 $ (2 ) Currency derivatives Other assets 3 (2 ) Currency derivatives Accrued expenses 4 (8 ) Currency derivatives Other liabilities 3 (9 ) Not designated as hedges: Currency derivatives Other current assets 1 (4 ) July 31, 2016: Designated as cash flow hedges: Currency derivatives Other current assets 25 (3 ) Currency derivatives Other assets 14 (6 ) Currency derivatives Accrued expenses 10 (5 ) Currency derivatives Other liabilities 1 (2 ) Not designated as hedges: Currency derivatives Other current assets — (2 ) Currency derivatives Accrued expenses — (9 ) The fair values reflected in the above table are presented on a gross basis. However, as discussed further below, the fair values of those instruments that are subject to net settlement agreements are presented in our balance sheets on a net basis. In our statement of cash flows, we classify cash flows related to cash flow hedges in the same category as the cash flows from the hedged items. Credit risk. We are exposed to credit-related losses if the counterparties to our derivative contracts default. This credit risk is limited to the fair value of the contracts. To manage this risk, we contract only with major financial institutions that have earned investment-grade credit ratings and with whom we have standard International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) agreements that allow for net settlement of the derivative contracts. Also, we have established counterparty credit guidelines that are regularly monitored and that provide for reports to senior management according to prescribed guidelines, and we monetize contracts when we believe it is warranted. Because of these safeguards, we believe we have no derivative positions that warrant credit valuation adjustments. Some of our derivative instruments require us to maintain a specific level of creditworthiness, which we have maintained. If our creditworthiness were to fall below that level, then the counterparties to our derivative instruments could request immediate payment or collateralization for derivative instruments in net liability positions. The aggregate fair value of all derivatives with creditworthiness requirements that were in a net liability position was $8 million at April 30, 2016 and $5 million at July 31, 2016 . Offsetting. As noted above, our derivative contracts are governed by ISDA agreements that allow for net settlement of derivative contracts with the same counterparty. It is our policy to present the fair values of current derivatives (i.e., those with a remaining term of 12 months or less) with the same counterparty on a net basis in the balance sheet. Similarly, we present the fair values of noncurrent derivatives with the same counterparty on a net basis. Current derivatives are not netted with noncurrent derivatives in the balance sheet. The following table summarizes the gross and net amounts of our derivative contracts. (Dollars in millions) Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheet Net Amounts Presented in Balance Sheet Gross Amounts Not Offset in Balance Sheet Net Amounts April 30, 2016: Derivative assets $ 34 $ (15 ) $ 19 $ (6 ) $ 13 Derivative liabilities (25 ) 15 (10 ) 6 (4 ) July 31, 2016: Derivative assets 50 (22 ) 28 (3 ) 25 Derivative liabilities (27 ) 22 (5 ) 3 (2 ) No cash collateral was received or pledged related to our derivative contracts as of April 30, 2016 and July 31, 2016 . |