MorningStar Partners (TXO) 424B5 Prospectus supplement for primary offering

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-277671

The information in this prospectus supplement is not complete and may be changed. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus are part of an effective registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus are not an offer to sell the securities described herein and we are not soliciting an offer to buy such securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JUNE 25, 2024

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT TO PROSPECTUS DATED MARCH 14, 2024

TXO Partners, L.P.

5,000,000 Common Units

Representing Limited Partner Interests

We are offering 5,000,000 common units representing limited partner interests in TXO Partners, L.P.

Our common units are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “TXO”. On June 24, 2024, the last reported sale price of our common units on the NYSE was $21.90 per unit.

Investing in our common units involves risks. Limited partnerships are inherently different from corporations. Please read “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-18 of this prospectus supplement and under similar headings in the other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.

	Price to Public		Underwriting Discount(1)		Proceeds, Before Expenses, to Us
Public offering price	$				$
Total	$				$

(1) We refer you to “Underwriting” beginning on page S-24 of this prospectus supplement for additional information regarding underwriting compensation.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We have granted the underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 750,000 common units on the same terms and conditions as set forth above if the underwriter sells more than 5,000,000 common units in this offering.

The underwriter expects to deliver the common units on or about     , 2024.

Sole Book-Running Manager

Raymond James

The date of this prospectus supplement is     , 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus Supplement

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT		S-1
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		S-2
SUMMARY		S-4
RISK FACTORS		S-18
USE OF PROCEEDS		S-21
CAPITALIZATION		S-22
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES		S-23
UNDERWRITING		S-24
VALIDITY OF THE COMMON UNITS		S-27
EXPERTS		S-27
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		S-28
INFORMATION WE INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE		S-29

Prospectus dated March 14, 2024

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		1
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		2
INFORMATION WE INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE		3
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		4
ABOUT TXO PARTNERS, L.P.		6
RISK FACTORS		7
USE OF PROCEEDS		8
DESCRIPTION OF OUR COMMON UNITS		9
CASH DISTRIBUTION POLICY		16
THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT		17
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES		30
INVESTMENT IN TXO PARTNERS, L.P. BY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS		51
SELLING UNITHOLDERS		53
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		55
LEGAL MATTERS		60
EXPERTS		60

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPLEMENT

This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes our business and the terms of this offering of our common units and also adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus. The second part is the accompanying base prospectus, which gives more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering of common units. We sometimes refer to the prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, taken together, as “the prospectus.” If the information varies between this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement.

Any statement made in this prospectus, any free writing prospectus authorized by us or in a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, any free writing prospectus authorized by us or in any other subsequently filed document that is also incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. Please read “Information We Incorporate By Reference.”

Neither we nor the underwriter have authorized anyone to provide you with any information other than the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying base prospectus. Neither we nor the underwriter take any responsibility for, nor can we or the underwriter provide any assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We and the underwriter are offering to sell these securities, and seeking offers to buy these securities, only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus or any free writing prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the dates shown in these documents or that any information incorporated by reference herein is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document incorporated by reference. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since such dates.

None of TXO Partners, L.P., the underwriter or any of their respective representatives is making any representation to you regarding the legality of an investment in our common units by you under applicable laws. You should consult your own legal, tax and business advisors regarding an investment in our common units. Information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus is not legal, tax or business advice to any prospective investor.

Industry and Market Data

The market data and certain other statistical information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement are based on a variety of sources, including independent industry publications, government publications and other published independent sources. Some data is also based on our good faith estimates, which have been derived from management’s knowledge and experience in the industry in which we operate. Although we have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the third-party information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, based on management’s knowledge and experience, we believe that these third-party sources are reliable and that the third-party information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in our estimates is accurate and complete. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the market, industry or similar data presented herein, such data involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the headings “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements and information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements.” All statements, other than statements of historical fact contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, including any statements regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, future production, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this prospectus supplement, words such as “may,” “assume,” “forecast,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “plan,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “budget” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current belief, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events at the time such statement was made. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Risk Factors” included in this prospectus supplement and the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 18 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.

We caution you that these forward-looking statements are subject to all of the risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control, incident to the exploration for and development and production of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids (“NGLs”). We disclose important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations as discussed under “Risk Factors” elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus. Additionally, all comments concerning our expectations for future revenues and operating results are based on our forecasts for our existing operations and do not include the potential impact of future operations or acquisitions, including the Pending Acquisitions (as defined below). Statements regarding the anticipated benefits of the Pending Acquisitions, the expected timing of the closing of the Pending Acquisitions, and future reserves, production and other operational data with respect to the Pending Acquisitions are forward-looking statements. Some of the key factors that could cause actual results to differ from our expectations include, but are not limited to, the following:

• commodity price volatility;

• the impact of epidemics, outbreaks or other public health events, and the related effects on financial markets, worldwide economic activity and our operations;

• uncertainties about our estimated oil, natural gas and NGL reserves, including the impact of commodity price declines on the economic producibility of such reserves, and in projecting future rates of production;

• risks related to the Pending Acquisitions, including the risk that we may fail to complete the Pending Acquisitions on the terms and timing currently contemplated or at all, and/or to realize the expected benefits of the Pending Acquisitions;

• risks related to the ultimate source of financing for the Pending Acquisitions, including the interest rate applicable to, and the amount of, debt incurred in connection therewith;

• risks related to the issuance of additional common units to sellers in connection with the Pending Acquisitions;

• the concentration of our operations in the Permian Basin and the San Juan Basin;

• difficult and adverse conditions in the domestic and global capital and credit markets;

• lack of transportation and storage capacity as a result of oversupply, government regulations or other factors;

• lack of availability of drilling and production equipment and services;

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• potential financial losses or earnings reductions resulting from our commodity price risk management program or any inability to manage our commodity risks;

• failure to realize expected value creation from property acquisitions and trades;

• access to capital and the timing of development expenditures;

• environmental, weather, drilling and other operating risks;

• regulatory changes, including potential shut-ins or production curtailments mandated by the Railroad Commission of Texas;

• competition in the oil and natural gas industry;

• loss of production and leasehold rights due to mechanical failure or depletion of wells and our inability to re-establish their production;

• our ability to service our indebtedness;

• cost inflation;

• political and economic conditions and events in foreign oil and natural gas producing countries, including embargoes, the Israel-Hamas war, attacks in the Red Sea and other continued hostilities in the Middle East and other sustained military campaigns, the armed conflict in Ukraine and associated economic sanctions on Russia, conditions in South America, Central America, China and Russia, and acts of terrorism or sabotage;

• evolving cybersecurity risks such as those involving unauthorized access, denial-of-service attacks, malicious software, data privacy breaches by employees, insider or other with authorized access, cyber or phishing-attacks, ransomware, social engineering, physical breaches or other actions; and

• risks related to our ability to expand our business, including through the recruitment and retention of qualified personnel.

Reserve engineering is a process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact way. The accuracy of any reserve estimate depends on the quality of available data, the interpretation of such data and price and cost assumptions made by reservoir engineers. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and production activities may justify revisions of estimates that were made previously. If significant, such revisions would change the schedule of any further production and development drilling. Accordingly, our reserve and PV-10 estimates may differ significantly from the quantities of oil, natural gas and NGLs that are ultimately recovered.

Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus occur, or should underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements, expressed or implied, included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue.

Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section, to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus supplement.

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SUMMARY

This summary highlights information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus. Because this is a summary, it may not contain all of the information that may be important to you and to your investment decision. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information and financial statements and notes thereto included or incorporated by reference elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus. You should read the entire prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein carefully for a more complete understanding of this offering. Please read “Risk Factors” on page S-18 of this prospectus supplement, on page 7 of the accompanying base prospectus and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which are incorporated by reference herein, for information regarding risks you should consider before deciding to invest in our common units. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the information presented in this prospectus supplement assumes that the underwriter does not exercise its option to purchase additional common units.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the term “our general partner” refers to TXO Partners GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and the terms “partnership,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” or similar terms refer to TXO Partners, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“TXO Partners”) and its subsidiaries. Our estimated proved reserve information and the estimated proved reserve information regarding the assets expected to be acquired in the Pending Acquisitions (as defined below) included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus are based on reports prepared by our reservoir engineering staff and evaluated by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc., our independent reserve engineers.

TXO Partners

Overview

We are focused on the acquisition, development, optimization and exploitation of conventional oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquid reserves in North America. Our management team has significant industry experience acquiring and exploiting conventional oil and natural gas properties in multiple resource plays and basins. As a result of such experience, our operations focus primarily on enhancing the development and operation of producing properties through our concentration on efficiency and optimizing exploitation of current wells. Our current acreage positions are concentrated in the Permian Basin of West Texas and New Mexico and the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado, each of which we believe is characterized by low geologic risk, low decline rates and high recoveries relative to drilling and completion costs.

Our partnership agreement requires us to distribute all of our cash on hand at the end of each quarter, less reserves established by our general partner which we refer to as “available cash”. We believe the low decline nature of our reserves and the relatively low cost to maintain production combined with our low leverage profile will support distributions to our unitholders. The amount of cash available for distribution with respect to any quarter, however, will be dependent on the then-prevailing commodity prices. To mitigate the risk associated with volatile commodity prices and to further enhance the stability of our cash flow available for distributions, from time to time we may opportunistically hedge a portion of our production volumes at prices we deem attractive to mitigate our exposure to price fluctuations on crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas sales. Nevertheless, our quarterly cash distributions may vary from quarter to quarter as a direct result of variations in the performance of our business, including those caused by fluctuations in the prices of oil and natural gas. Such variations may be significant and quarterly distributions paid to our unitholders may be zero.

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We seek to maintain a flat to low growth production profile through a combination of low-risk development and exploitation of our existing properties, generally funded by cash flow from operating activities, and future acquisitions of producing properties, including the Pending Acquisitions. We believe this will allow us to increase our reserves and production and, over time, to increase distributions to our unitholders. To date we have been successful in offsetting the natural decline in production from reservoir depletion through acquisitions and drilling.

The members of our management team have over 30 years’ experience in the oil and gas industry on average. Our management team has successfully executed on a strategy of acquiring and exploiting long-lived and low decline assets for more than 30 years, completing hundreds of acquisitions totaling over $15 billion. Additionally, our management team has collectively invested more than $500 million in us since our inception. We believe our management team has the experience, expertise and commitment to create significant value for our unitholders in the form of cash distributions combined with growth in revenues and production.

Recent Developments

Pending Williston Basin Acquisitions

On June 25, 2024, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “EMEP Purchase Agreement”) with EMEP Acquisitions, LLC and VR4-ELM, LP to purchase certain oil and gas assets indirectly owned by Eagle Mountain Energy Partners (“EMEP”), which are located in the Williston Basin of Montana and North Dakota, for consideration consisting of $225.0 million in cash and 2,500,000 common units, subject to customary purchase price adjustments (the “EMEP Acquisition”). We expect the EMEP Acquisition to close in the third quarter of 2024, subject to the satisfaction of specified closing conditions. If consummated, the effective date of the EMEP Acquisition will be April 1, 2024.

As of March 31, 2024, the EMEP assets are comprised of 244,000 gross acres (159,000 net acres), with 359 operated wells and 284 non-operated wells.

On June 25, 2024, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “KFOC Purchase Agreement” and, together with the EMEP Purchase Agreement, the “Purchase Agreements”) with Kaiser-Francis Oil Company, Kaiser Acquisition and Development, LLC and GBK Corporation (solely as guarantor) to purchase certain oil and gas assets from Kaiser-Francis Oil Company (“KFOC”), for a total purchase price of $18.0 million in cash, subject to customary purchase price adjustments (the “KFOC Acquisition” and, together with the EMEP Acquisition, the “Pending Acquisitions”). We expect the KFOC Acquisition to close in the third quarter of 2024, subject to the satisfaction of specified closing conditions. If consummated, the effective date of the KFOC Acquisition will be June 1, 2024.

As of March 31, 2024, the KFOC assets are comprised of 30,000 gross acres (19,000 net acres), with 41 operated wells and 52 non-operated wells.

As of March 31, 2024, total proved reserves of the combined EMEP and KFOC assets (together, the “Williston Assets”) is 17 MMBoe with total PV-10 of $307 million. The total production from these reserves was 3,983 boe/day, consisting of approximately 74% oil, 14% NGLs, and 12% gas, as of the three months ended March 31, 2024. Assuming the Pending Acquisitions are consummated in the third quarter of 2024, we intend to increase our 2024 planned development program by approximately $30 million to 35 million of capital in the aggregate for the completion of one operated new horizontal well, nine operated refracs, and four non-operated new horizontal wells on the Williston Assets. Following implementation of our development plan, we expect the 2024 annual average daily production for the Williston Assets to increase to an estimated 4,955 boe/day, consisting of approximately 78% oil, 12% NGLs, and 10% gas. We expect to hedge a portion of the underlying production to protect distributions and the balance sheet. The combined proved reserves of the Williston Assets, after giving effect to our 2024 planned development program, are expected to have a three-year average annual decline rate of approximately 14%.

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As a result of the Pending Acquisitions, we expect to increase our total leasehold and mineral acreage from approximately 846,000 gross (372,000 net) to approximately 1,120,000 gross (550,000 net).

Our assessment and estimates of Williston Assets to date have been limited. Even upon closing of the Pending Acquisitions, our assessment of the Williston Assets may not reveal all existing or potential problems, nor will it permit us to become familiar enough with the properties to assess fully their capabilities and deficiencies. Please read “Risk Factors.”

We intend to fund the cash portion of the purchase price for the Pending Acquisitions through a combination of the net proceeds from this offering, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and cash on hand. We expect in the long term to maintain a Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDAX ratio of less than one. This offering is not conditioned upon the consummation of either Pending Acquisition, and neither Pending Acquisition is conditioned upon the consummation of the other Pending Acquisition. We cannot assure you that we will consummate either Pending Acquisition on the terms described herein or at all. Please read “Risk Factors.”

Our Properties

As of December 31, 2023, our assets consisted of approximately 846,000 gross (372,000 net) leasehold and mineral acres located primarily in the Permian Basin and San Juan Basin. As of December 31, 2023, our total estimated proved reserves were approximately 100 MMBoe, of which approximately 56% were liquids and approximately 90% were proved developed, both on a Boe basis. During the first three months of 2024, we produced an average of approximately 22 MBoe per day.

Permian Basin

We acquired our initial 79,970 gross leasehold and mineral acres in the Permian Basin in 2012 and 2013. We subsequently acquired 11,929 additional gross leasehold acres through leasing and multiple bolt-on acquisitions. In November 2021, we acquired producing properties, including 24,052 gross leasehold acres and a CO2 processing plant in the Permian Basin within New Mexico and CO2 assets in Colorado (the “Vacuum Properties”) from Chevron Corporation (“Chevron”). In December 2021, we acquired additional producing properties, including 21,112 gross leasehold acres in the Permian Basin within Texas from Chevron (the “Andrews Parker Acquisition”). We refer to these together as the “2021 Acquisitions.” In August 2022 we acquired additional interests in our producing properties and a gas processing plant in the Permian Basin of New Mexico (the “Additional Interest Vacuum Acquisition”). As of December 31, 2023, we had 48 (gross) active CO2 injection wells. Production from our CO2 wells was 15.4 MMcf/d during 2023.

Our management team believes the development and exploitation of conventional assets in the Permian Basin is among the most economic oil and natural gas plays in the United States. Since completing the 2021 Acquisitions, we initially focused our efforts on returning wells to production as well as on other low-risk maintenance projects. As we have gained a greater understanding of these assets, we have increased our drilling and recompletion work. Substantially all of our acreage in the Permian Basin is held by production, which means we do not have to drill any wells to maintain ownership of our leases. Our base decline rate for our Permian Basin properties as of December 31, 2023 was estimated to be approximately 7%.

San Juan Basin

We acquired our initial 175,376 gross leasehold and mineral acres in the San Juan Basin in 2012 and 2013. We subsequently acquired 273,187 additional gross leasehold and mineral acres in June 2020.

Our San Juan acreage includes substantial, predictable, low-decline natural gas production that provides for relatively stable cash flows. Our base decline rate for our San Juan Basin properties as of December 31, 2023 was

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estimated to be approximately 10%. Our existing production comes from primarily coalbed methane wells. Substantially all of our acreage in the San Juan Basin is held by production. Additionally, we own approximately 84,000 gross acres in New Mexico in the Mancos Shale. We believe our Mancos Shale properties offer us significant potential upside that is held by production.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our consolidated revenues were derived approximately 56% from oil and condensate revenues, approximately 34% from natural gas revenues and approximately 10% from NGL revenues. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our total average production was approximately 22 MBoe/d (approximately 26% oil and condensate, 60% natural gas, and 14% NGLs).

Our Business Strategies

Our primary business objective is to make increasing distributions to our unitholders over time. To achieve our objective, we intend to execute the following business strategies:

• Focus on long-lived, low decline conventional assets. We believe that by focusing on the exploitation of our existing assets, we can maintain current production using a portion of our operating cash flow, while utilizing the remainder of our operating cash flow to acquire additional assets to exploit and make distributions to our unitholders.

• Maximize ultimate hydrocarbon recovery from our assets through enhancement and optimization of producing properties. We continuously seek efficiencies in our drilling, completion and production techniques to optimize ultimate resource recoveries, rates of return and cash flows. We will continue to work to unlock additional value and will allocate capital towards next generation technologies where applicable. In addition, we intend to take advantage of under-development in basins where we operate by expanding our geologic investigation of additional producing horizons on our acreage and adjacent acreage. We seek to expand our development beyond our known productive areas to add reserves to our inventory at attractive all-in costs.

• Focus on making cash distributions to, and providing long term value for, our unitholders. Our primary goal is to maximize investor returns through cash distributions and flat to low production and reserves growth over time in support of our strategy as a “production and distribution” enterprise.

• Maintain financial flexibility with a conservative capital structure and ample liquidity. We intend to conduct our operations primarily through cash flow generated from operations with a focus on maintaining a disciplined balance sheet with low outstanding debt. Due to our strong operating cash flows and liquidity, we have substantial flexibility to fund our capital budget and to potentially accelerate our drilling program as conditions warrant. Our focus is on the economic extraction of hydrocarbons while maintaining a prudent leverage ratio and strong liquidity profile. Although we may use leverage to make accretive acquisitions, such as the Pending Acquisitions, we will do so with the long-term goal of maintaining a Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDAX ratio of less than one. Further, we expect that our hedging strategy will reduce our exposure to commodity price volatility.

• Execute attractive acquisitions and optimize assets through effective integration. Our management team has a history of successfully identifying, acquiring and optimizing assets over the past three decades. We believe our acreage positions in the Permian Basin and San Juan Basin, and upon closing the Pending Acquisitions, the Williston Basin, provide opportunities to increase production and reserves through the implementation of mechanical and operational improvements, workovers, behind-pipe completions, secondary and tertiary recovery operations, new development wells and other development activities. We plan to use the expertise of our management team to strategically acquire properties that complement our operations.

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Our Strengths

We believe that the following strengths will allow us to successfully execute our business strategies:

• Experienced and personally invested management team with an extensive track record of value creation. We believe our management team’s significant industry experience is a distinct competitive advantage. The members of our management team have over 30 years’ experience in the oil and gas industry on average. Our management team has successfully executed on a strategy of acquiring and exploiting long-lived and low decline assets for more than 30 years. Members of our management team have collectively personally invested more than $500 million in us since our inception.

• Stable, long-lived, conventional asset base with low production decline rates. The majority of our interests are in properties that have produced oil and natural gas for decades. As a result, the geology and reservoir characteristics are well understood, and new development well results are generally predictable, repeatable and present lower risk than unconventional resource plays. Our assets are characterized by long-lived reserves with low production decline rates, a stable development cost structure and low-geologic risk developmental drilling opportunities with predictable production profiles. For example, our base decline rate as of December 31, 2023 was estimated to be approximately 9%.

• Ability to source, integrate and optimize acquisitions. Our management team has demonstrated the ability to source and integrate acquisitions of various sizes. While at XTO, our management team completed hundreds of acquisitions for over $15 billion in consideration and successfully integrated such acquisitions, ultimately driving significant returns for shareholders. We have successfully drawn on this experience to identify and complete multiple acquisitions to establish our anchor positions in the Permian Basin and San Juan Basin. We expect that our expertise in sourcing and completing acquisitions will allow us to successfully execute additional bolt-on acquisitions in our existing operating areas as well as additional opportunistic acquisitions, such as the Pending Acquisitions, if completed.

• Conservatively capitalized balance sheet, strong liquidity profile and financial flexibility. We have a strong and conservative financial position that allows us to effectively allocate capital and grow our reserves and production. Due to the significant existing vertical production and the predictable low-decline profiles associated with our existing production, our business generates significant operating cash flows. We intend to operate with conservative debt and substantial liquidity, which will provide us with further financial flexibility to fund our capital expenditures and grow production and reserves as part of our existing strategic plan. We may also opportunistically hedge to protect our future operating cash flows from volatility in commodity prices.

Principal Executive Offices and Internet Address

Our principal executive offices are located at 400 W 7th St., Fort Worth, TX 76102 and our telephone number at that address is (817) 334-7800. Our website address is www.txopartners.com. Information on, or otherwise accessible through, our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference into, and does not constitute a part of, this prospectus.

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The Offering

Common units offered by us 5,000,000 common units (5,750,000 common units if the underwriter exercise its option in full to purchase additional common units).

Underwriter’s option to purchase additional common units We have granted the underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 750,000 common units on the same terms and conditions as set forth above if the underwriter sells more than 5,000,000 common units in this offering.

Common units outstanding after this offering(1) 35,983,332 common units (36,733,332 common units if the underwriter exercises its option in full to purchase additional common units).

Use of proceeds  We expect to receive approximately $   million in net proceeds from the sale of the common units we are offering hereby, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to fund a portion of the cash consideration for the Pending Acquisitions.

This offering is not conditioned on the consummation of either Pending Acquisition. Pending the closing of the Pending Acquisitions, and in the event that either of the Pending Acquisitions are not completed, the proceeds from this offering will be used to repay the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and for general partnership purposes. Please read “Use of Proceeds.”

Cash distributions Our partnership agreement requires that, within 60 days after the end of each quarter (other than the fourth quarter) and within 90 days after the end of the fourth quarter, we pay distributions of our available cash to unitholders of record on the applicable record date.

Our partnership agreement generally provides that we will distribute all available cash each quarter to the holders of common units, pro rata. We do not have a minimum quarterly distribution nor is there any guarantee that we will make any particular amount of distributions or any distributions to our unitholders in any quarter.

The first quarter distribution of $0.65 per unit with respect to cash available for distribution for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was declared on May 7, 2024 and was paid on May 29, 2024 to unitholders of record as of May 20, 2024.

For more information about our cash distributions, see “Cash Distributions Policy” beginning on page 16 of the accompanying base prospectus.

Material tax consequences For a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to prospective unitholders who are individual citizens or residents of the United States, please read “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in this prospectus supplement and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying base prospectus.

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Listing and trading symbol Our common units are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TXO.”

Risk Factors You should carefully read and consider the information set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-18 of this prospectus supplement and on page 7 of the accompanying base prospectus and other risk factors incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, as well as all other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, before deciding to invest in our common units.

Transfer Agent Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

(1) Excludes the following as of March 31, 2024:

• 1,329,375 common units reserved and available for issuance under our long-term incentive plan; and

• 2,500,000 common units to be issued at closing pursuant to the EMEP Acquisition.

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Summary Historical Financial and Operating Data

The summary historical consolidated financial data set forth below as of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is incorporated by reference herein. The summary historical consolidated financial data set forth below as of March 31, 2024 and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are derived from our unaudited financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein.

The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future results and should be read together with the other information contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes therein, which are incorporated by reference herein. Among other things, those historical financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the following information. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any future period.

The following table presents non-GAAP financial measures, Adjusted EBITDAX and cash available for distribution, which we use in evaluating the financial performance of our business. These measures are not calculated or presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. We explain these measures below and reconcile them to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

	Year Ended December 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			2024			2023
(in thousands, except per unit amounts)							(unaudited)
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues:
Oil and condensate	$	182,733		$	160,864		$	38,034		$	49,621
Natural gas liquids	$	29,193		$	41,731		$	6,502		$	9,123
Natural gas	$	168,792		$	43,802		$	22,903		$	99,655
Total revenues(1)	$	380,718		$	246,397		$	67,439		$	158,399
Expenses:
Production	$	144,730		$	127,661		$	33,083		$	35,324
Exploration	$	151		$	360		$	123		$	67
Taxes, transportation and other	$	75,415		$	94,991		$	15,573		$	28,903
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	$	44,288		$	41,364		$	10,517		$	10,938
Impairment	$	223,384		$	—		$	—		$	—
Accretion of discount on asset retirement obligations	$	8,644		$	6,055		$	2,784		$	2,118
General and administrative	$	7,887		$	1,646		$	2,654		$	2,222
Total expenses	$	504,499		$	272,077		$	64,734		$	79,572
Operating (loss) income	$	(123,781	)	$	(25,680	)	$	2,705		$	78,827
Other income (expense):
Other income	$	23,756		$	26,067		$	8,413		$	6,314
Interest income	$	461		$	143		$	125		$	107
Interest expense	$	(4,423	)	$	(8,198	)	$	(976	)	$	(1,439	)
Total other income	$	19,794		$	18,012		$	7,562		$	4,982
Net (loss) income	$	(103,987	)	$	(7,668	)	$	10,267		$	83,809

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	Year Ended December 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			2024			2023
(in thousands, except per unit amounts)							(unaudited)
Net (loss) income per limited partner unit:
Basic	$	(3.44	)	$	(0.31	)	$	0.33		$	2.91
Diluted	$	(3.44	)	$	(0.31	)	$	0.33		$	2.86
Weighted average number of limited partner units outstanding:
Basic		30,265			25,000			30,800			28,783
Diluted		30,265			25,000			31,425			29,328
Other Financial Data:
Adjusted EBITDAX	$	73,874		$	161,406		$	26,386		$	3,409
Cash available for distribution	$	34,708		$	129,963		$	22,773		$	(9,088	)
Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	77,150		$	136,380		$	25,197		$	17,149
Investing activities	$	(46,220	)	$	(86,670	)	$	(3,015	)	$	(12,381	)
Financing activities	$	(35,629	)	$	(48,053	)	$	(22,117	)	$	(6,724	)
Balance Sheet Data (at period end):
Total assets	$	695,613		$	924,632		$	688,203		$	907,055
Total long-term debt	$	28,100		$	120,100		$	26,100		$	7,100
Partners’ capital	$	473,798		$	521,537		$	465,731		$	708,525

(1) Includes the effect of unrealized losses on commodity derivatives.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDAX

We include in this prospectus the non-GAAP financial measure Adjusted EBITDAX and provide our calculation of Adjusted EBITDAX and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDAX to net income (loss), our most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We define Adjusted EBITDAX as net income (loss) before (1) interest income, (2) interest expense, (3) depreciation, depletion and amortization, (4) impairment expenses, (5) accretion of discount on asset retirement obligations, (6) exploration expenses, (7) unrealized (gains) losses on commodity derivative contracts, (8) non-cash incentive compensation, (9) non-cash (gain) loss on forgiveness of debt and (10) certain other non-cash expenses.

Adjusted EBITDAX is used as a supplemental financial measure by our management and by external users of our financial statements, such as industry analysts, investors, lenders, rating agencies and others, to more effectively evaluate our operating performance and our results of operation from period to period and against our peers without regard to financing methods, capital structure or historical cost basis. We exclude the items listed above from net income (loss) in arriving at Adjusted EBITDAX because these amounts can vary substantially from company to company within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures and the method by which the assets were acquired. Adjusted EBITDAX is not a measurement of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income (loss) as determined in accordance with GAAP or as indicators of our operating performance. Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDAX are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance, such as a company’s cost of capital and tax burden, as well as the historic costs of depreciable assets, none of which are reflected in Adjusted EBITDAX. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDAX should not be construed as an inference that our results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring

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items. Our computations of Adjusted EBITDAX may not be identical to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

Cash Available for Distribution

Cash available for distribution is not a measure of net income or net cash flow provided by or used in operating activities as determined by GAAP. Cash available for distribution is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure used by our management and by external users of our financial statements, such as investors, lenders and others (including industry analysts and rating agencies who will be using such measure), to assess our ability to internally fund our exploration and development activities, pay distributions, and to service or incur additional debt. We define cash available for distribution as Adjusted EBITDAX less net cash interest expense, exploration expense, non-recurring (gain) / loss and development costs. Development costs includes all of our capital expenditures made for oil and gas properties, other than acquisitions. Cash available for distribution will not reflect changes in working capital balances. Cash available for distribution is not a measurement of our financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income (loss) or net cash provided by or used in operating activities as determined in accordance with GAAP or as indicators of our financial performance and liquidity. The GAAP measures most directly comparable to cash available for distribution are net income and net cash provided by operating activities. Cash available for distribution should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income or net cash provided by operating activities.

Net Debt

Net Debt is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure used by our management and by external users of our financial statements, such as investors, lenders and others (including industry analysts and rating agencies who will be using such measure), to assess our indebtedness.

We define Net Debt as total debt for borrowed money (including capital leases and purchase money debt), minus unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on hand (not exceeding $15.0 million in the aggregate), minus the unpaid balance of the unsecured loan agreement between the Partnership and Cross Timbers Energy, LLC (the “FAM Loan”). The GAAP measure most directly comparable to Net Debt is long-term debt. Net Debt should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, long-term debt.

Reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDAX, Cash Available for Distribution and Net Debt to GAAP Financial Measures

The following table presents our reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures Adjusted EBITDAX and cash available for distribution to the GAAP financial measures of net income (loss) and net cash provided by operating activities, as applicable, for each of the periods indicated.

	Year Ended December 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			2024			2023
(in thousands)							(unaudited)
Net (loss) income	$	(103,987	)	$	(7,668	)	$	10,267		$	83,809
Interest expense	$	4,423		$	8,198		$	976		$	1,439
Interest income	$	(461	)	$	(143	)	$	(125	)	$	(107	)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	$	44,288		$	41,364		$	10,517		$	10,938
Impairment expenses	$	223,384		$	—		$	—		$	—
Accretion of discount on asset retirement obligations	$	8,644		$	6,055		$	2,784		$	2,118

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	Year Ended December 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			2024			2023
(in thousands)							(unaudited)
Exploration expense	$	151		$	360		$	123		$	67
Non-cash derivative (gain) / loss	$	(106,247	)	$	113,217		$	658		$	(95,494	)
Non-cash incentive compensation	$	3,470		$	—		$	1,141		$	639
Non-recurring (gain) / loss	$	209		$	23		$	45		$	—
Adjusted EBITDAX	$	73,874		$	161,406		$	26,386		$	3,409
Cash interest expense	$	(3,677	)	$	(7,506	)	$	(780	)	$	(1,259	)
Cash interest income	$	461		$	143		$	125		$	107
Exploration expense	$	(151	)	$	(360	)	$	(123	)	$	(67	)
Development costs(1)	$	(35,799	)	$	(23,720	)	$	(2,835	)	$	(11,278	)
Cash Available for Distribution	$	34,708		$	129,963		$	22,773		$	(9,088	)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	77,150		$	136,380		$	25,197		$	17,149
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	$	(6,643	)	$	17,303		$	411		$	(14,959	)
Development costs(1)	$	(35,799	)	$	(23,720	)	$	(2,835	)	$	(11,278	)
Cash Available for Distribution	$	34,708		$	129,963		$	22,773		$	(9,088	)
Long-term debt	$	28,100		$	120,100		$	26,100		$	7,100
Cash and cash equivalents	$	(4,505	)	$	(9,204	)	$	(4,570	)	$	(7,248	)
FAM Loan	$	(7,100	)	$	(7,100	)	$	(7,100	)	$	(7,100	)
Net Debt	$	16,495		$	103,796		$	14,430		$	(7,248	)

(1) Development costs includes all of our capital expenditures made for oil and gas properties, other than acquisitions.

Reconciliation of PV-10 to Standardized Measure.

Our PV-10 has historically been computed on the same basis as our standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows (“Standardized Measure”), the most comparable measure under GAAP, but does not include a provision for either future well abandonment costs or the Texas gross margin tax. PV-10 is not a financial measure calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP and generally differs from Standardized Measure, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, because it does not include the effects of either well abandonment costs or income taxes on future net revenues. Neither PV-10 nor Standardized Measure represents an estimate of the fair market value of oil and natural gas properties. We and others in the industry use PV-10 as a measure to compare the relative size and value of proved reserves held by companies without regard to the specific tax characteristics of such entities. See below for a reconciliation of the Proved Reserves PV-10 value to the Standardized Measure, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

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The following table provides a reconciliation of our Proved Reserves PV-10 value to the Standardized Measure at December 31, 2023:

	As of December 31, 2023 SEC Pricing
	(In millions)
Proved Reserves PV-10 value	$	932.0
Present value of future asset retirement obligations discounted at 10%	$	(40.2	)
Present value of future income taxes discounted at 10%	$	(1.2	)
Standardized Measure	$	890.6

Summary of Reserve, Production and Operating Data

The following tables summarize (i) our estimated oil, natural gas and NGL reserves as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and our production and historical operating data for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2024 and (ii) the estimated oil, natural gas and NGL reserves of the Williston Assets as of March 31, 2024. The estimated reserves information included in these tables is based on reserve reports prepared by our independent consulting petroleum engineers, Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. For more information regarding our reserve volumes and values and the reserve volumes and values of the Williston Assets, see our reserve reports filed as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2024, respectively. Historical reserve volumes and values are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any future period.

Summary of Our Reserves

Our historical SEC reserves, PV-10 and Standardized Measure were calculated using oil and gas price parameters established by current SEC guidelines, including the use of an average effective price, calculated as prices equal to the 12-month unweighted arithmetic average of the first day of the month prices for each of the preceding 12 months as adjusted for location and quality differentials, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based on future conditions (“SEC Pricing”). These prices were adjusted for differentials on a per-property basis, which may include local basis differential, treating cost, transportation, gas shrinkage, gas heating value and/or crude quality and gravity corrections. All prices are held constant throughout the lives of the properties.

	As of December 31, 2023 SEC Pricing(1)		As of December 31, 2022 SEC Pricing(1)
Proved Developed:
Oil (MBbls)		30,959.4		34,672.0
Natural gas (MMcf)		264,934.4		385,188.6
Natural gas liquid (MBbls)		15,110.9		20,723.6
Oil equivalent (MBoe)		90,226.0		119,593.7
PV-10 (in millions)(2)	$	763.1	$	1,560.1
Proved Undeveloped:
Oil (MBbls)		9,493.7		18,837.2
Natural gas (MMcf)		893.2		22,688.6

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	As of December 31, 2023 SEC Pricing(1)		As of December 31, 2022 SEC Pricing(1)
Natural gas liquid (MBbls)		372.1		1,208.8
Oil equivalent (MBoe)		10,014.7		23,827.4
PV-10 (in millions)(2)	$	168.9	$	445.6
Total Proved:
Oil (MBbls)		40,453.1		53,509.2
Natural gas (MMcf)		265,827.6		407,877.2
Natural gas liquid (MBbls)		15,483.0		21,932.4
Oil equivalent (MBoe)		100,240.7		143,421.1
Standardized Measure (in millions)(2)	$	890.6	$	1,969.8
PV-10 (in millions)(2)	$	932.0	$	2,005.7

(1) Our estimated net proved reserves were determined using average first-day-of-the-month prices for the prior 12 months in accordance with SEC regulations. The unweighted arithmetic average first-day-of-the-month prices for the prior 12 months were $78.22 per barrel for oil and $2.64 per MMBtu for natural gas at December 31, 2023 and were $93.67 per barrel for oil and $6.36 per MMBtu for natural gas at December 31, 2022. The base prices were based upon Henry Hub and WTI-Cushing spot prices, respectively. These base prices were adjusted for differentials on a per-property basis, which may include local basis differentials, transportation, gas shrinkage, gas heating value (BTU content) and/or crude quality and gravity corrections. After these net adjustments, the net realized prices for the SEC price case over the life of the proved properties was estimated to be $76.58 per barrel for oil, $18.44 per barrel for NGLs and $1.58 per Mcf for natural gas for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $92.94 per barrel for oil, $29.72 per barrel for NGLs and $4.35 per Mcf for natural gas for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(2) PV-10 is a non-GAAP financial measure and represents the present value of estimated future cash inflows from proved oil and gas reserves, less future development and production costs, discounted at 10% per annum to reflect the timing of future cash flows. Calculation of PV-10 does not give effect to derivatives transactions. Our PV-10 has historically been computed on the same basis as our Standardized Measure, the most comparable measure under GAAP, but does not include a provision for either future well abandonment costs or the Texas gross margin tax. PV-10 is not a financial measure calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP and generally differs from Standardized Measure, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, because it does not include the effects of either well abandonment costs or income taxes on future net revenues. Neither PV-10 nor Standardized Measure represents an estimate of the fair market value of our oil and natural gas properties. We and others in the industry use PV-10 as a measure to compare the relative size and value of proved reserves held by companies without regard to the specific tax characteristics of such entities.

Summary of the Pending Williston Assets Reserves

The historical SEC reserves, PV-10 and Standardized Measure of the Williston Assets were calculated using SEC Pricing. These prices were adjusted for differentials on a per-property basis, which may include local basis differential, treating cost, transportation, gas shrinkage, gas heating value and/or crude quality and gravity corrections. All prices are held constant throughout the lives of the properties.

	As of March 31, 2024 SEC Pricing(1)
Total Proved Developed:
Oil (MBbls)		12,191.9
Natural gas (MMcf)		13,065.9

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	As of March 31, 2024 SEC Pricing(1)
Natural gas liquid (MBbls)		2,449.0
Oil equivalent (MBoe)		16,818.6
PV-10 (in millions)	$	307.1

(1) Estimated proved reserves were determined using average first-day-of-the-month prices for the prior 12 months in accordance with SEC regulations. The unweighted arithmetic average first-day-of-the-month prices for the prior 12 months were $77.48 per barrel for oil and $2.45 per MMBtu for natural gas at March 31, 2024. Furthermore, NGL prices were adjusted on a per-property basis and averaged 39.7% of the net oil price on a composite basis. The base prices were based upon Henry Hub and WTI-Cushing spot prices, respectively. These base prices were adjusted for differentials on a per-property basis, which may include local basis differentials, transportation, gas shrinkage, gas heating value (BTU content) and/or crude quality and gravity corrections. After these net adjustments, the net realized prices for the SEC price case over the life of the proved properties was estimated to be $75.32 per barrel for oil, $29.92 per barrel for NGLs and -$0.51 per Mcf for natural gas.

Select Production and Operating Statistics

The following table summarizes our oil, natural gas and NGL production and historical operating data for the periods presented.

	Year Ended December 31, 2023		Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Net Production Volumes:
Oil (MBbl)		2,376		541
Natural Gas (MMcf)		28,739		7,334
NGLs (MBbl)		1,232		283
Total (MBoe)		8,397		2,046
Average daily production (MBoe per day)		23		22
Average Wellhead Realized Prices (before giving effect to derivatives):
Oil ($/Bbl)	$	75.94	$	75.42
Natural Gas ($/Mcf)	$	5.20	$	2.89
NGLs ($/Bbl)	$	22.53	$	22.83
Average Wellhead Realized Prices (after giving effect to derivatives):
Oil ($/Bbl)	$	76.92	$	70.30
Natural Gas ($/Mcf)	$	5.87	$	3.12
NGLs ($/Bbl)	$	23.70	$	22.94
Operating expenses (per Boe):
Production	$	17.24	$	16.17
Taxes, transportation, and other	$	8.98	$	7.61
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion	$	5.27	$	5.14
General and administrative expenses	$	0.94	$	1.30

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common units involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information contained under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of the accompanying base prospectus and the information contained under “Where You Can Find More Information,” including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, before deciding to invest in our common units. Limited partner interests are inherently different from the capital stock of a corporation, although many of the business risks to which we are subject are similar to those that would be faced by a corporation engaged in a similar business. Additionally, new risks may emerge at any time and we cannot predict those risks or estimate the extent to which they may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In that case, we might not be able to pay distributions on our common units, the trading price of our common units could decline and our unitholders could lose all or part of their investment.

Risks Related to the Pending Acquisitions

We may not consummate the Pending Acquisitions, and this offering is not conditioned on the consummation of the Pending Acquisitions.

This offering is not conditioned upon the consummation of the Pending Acquisitions. In addition, the consummation of the Pending Acquisitions is not conditioned upon the successful completion of this offering and neither Pending Acquisition is conditioned upon the consummation of the other Pending Acquisition. Each of the Pending Acquisitions is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions, and we cannot assure you that the Pending Acquisitions will be consummated in the anticipated time frame or at all.

We have performed only a limited investigation of the properties included in the Pending Acquisitions. The completion of the Pending Acquisitions is subject to specified closing conditions and to the right of any of the parties to terminate the transactions, including in the event that adjustments to the purchase price related to title defects are required in excess of agreed upon thresholds. If one or more of the closing conditions are not satisfied with respect to either of the Pending Acquisitions, then such acquisition may not be completed. Some of these conditions are beyond our control, and we may elect not to take actions necessary to satisfy these conditions or to ensure that the transaction is not otherwise terminated.

Because this offering is not conditioned upon the consummation of the Pending Acquisitions, upon the closing of this offering, you will become a holder of our common units regardless of whether either of the Pending Acquisitions is consummated, delayed or terminated. If one or both of the Pending Acquisitions is delayed, terminated or consummated on terms different than those described herein, the market price of our common units may decline to the extent that the price of our common units reflects a market assumption that the Pending Acquisitions will be consummated on the terms described herein or at all. Accordingly, your purchase of our common units may be an investment in us on a stand-alone basis without the anticipated benefits of the Pending Acquisitions. Further, a failed transaction may result in negative publicity or a negative impression of us in the investment community and may affect our relationships with our business partners. Please read “Summary—Recent Developments – Pending Williston Basin Acquisitions” for more information regarding the Pending Acquisitions.

In addition, prior to the consummation of the Pending Acquisitions, we may use the net proceeds from this offering for the repayment of outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility or for other purposes. Our general partner will have broad discretion with respect to the use of these funds, and may use such funds in ways that you or other unitholders may not support, which could adversely affect the market price of our common units.

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We may not be able to achieve the expected benefits of the Pending Acquisitions and our assessment and estimates of the Williston Assets may prove to be incorrect.

Even if we consummate the Pending Acquisitions, we may not be able to achieve the expected benefits of the Pending Acquisitions. There can be no assurance that the Pending Acquisitions will be beneficial to us. We may not be able to integrate the Williston Assets without increases in costs or other difficulties. Any unexpected costs or delays incurred in connection with the integration of the Pending Acquisitions could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, as well as the market price of our common units.

Our assessment and estimates of the properties to be acquired in the Pending Acquisitions to date has been limited and may prove to be incorrect. Even by the time of closing, our assessment of these properties may not reveal all existing or potential problems. In addition, any inspection that we do may not reveal all title issues or other problems. We may be required to assume the risk that the properties may not perform in accordance with our expectations. Our ability to make specified claims against the seller generally expires over time and we may be left with no recourse for liabilities and other problems associated with the Pending Acquisitions that we do not discover prior to the expiration date related to such matters under the Purchase Agreements. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the increase in our 2024 development program will increase production as stated herein or enable us to achieve a three-year average annual decline rate on the Williston Assets of approximately 14%.

The market price of our common units may decline as a result of the Pending Acquisitions if, among other things, the integration of the properties to be acquired in the Pending Acquisitions is unsuccessful or if the properties are not successfully developed by working interest owners or if the liabilities, expenses, title and other defects, or transaction costs related to the Pending Acquisitions are greater than expected. The market price of our common units may decline if we do not achieve the perceived benefits of the Pending Acquisitions as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by us or by securities market participants or if the effect of the Pending Acquisitions on our business, results of operations or financial condition or prospects is not consistent with our expectations or those of securities market participants.

If the EMEP Acquisition is completed, we will be required to prepare and disclose historical and pro forma financial statements with the SEC, which such financial statements have not been prepared or filed as of the date of this prospectus supplement.

If the EMEP Acquisition is completed, we will be required to file audited financial statements in accordance with the requirements of Regulation S-X (“Regulation S-X”) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and pro forma financial statements in connection with the EMEP Acquisition no later than 75 calendar days after the date on which the EMEP Acquisition closes. Investors in this offering will not have the benefit of the financial statements or pro forma information relating to the EMEP Acquisition in making their investment decision, and the pro forma financial statements of the Company, pro forma for the EMEP Acquisition, may differ significantly from the historical financial statements of the Company provided herein.

Any acquisitions we complete, including the Pending Acquisitions, are subject to substantial risks that could reduce our ability to make distributions to our common unitholders.

Even if we do make acquisitions that we believe will increase the amount of cash available for distribution to our common unitholders, these acquisitions, including the Pending Acquisitions, may nevertheless result in a decrease in the amount of cash available for distribution. Any acquisition, including the Pending Acquisitions, involves potential risks, including, among other things:

• the validity of our assumptions about estimated proved reserves, future production, drilling locations, prices, revenues, capital expenditures and production costs;

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• the assumption of unknown liabilities, losses or costs for which we are not indemnified or for which any indemnity we receive is inadequate;

• our inability to obtain satisfactory title to the assets we acquire; and

• the occurrence of other significant changes, such as impairment of oil and natural gas properties, goodwill or other intangible assets, asset devaluation or restructuring charges.

We may incur significant indebtedness to finance the Pending Acquisitions.

As of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $26.1 million of outstanding long-term indebtedness. We expect that $140.0 million of the funds to close the Pending Acquisitions will be borrowings under our revolving credit facility, which is expected to increase our Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDAX ratio to approximately one times, which would place us at the top of our long-term target leverage ratio.

This increased indebtedness will increase our borrowing costs and may have the effect, among other things, of reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions. Furthermore, since borrowings under our revolving credit facility bear interest at a variable rate, such additional indebtedness will expose us to additional interest rate risk, as our debt service obligations could increase if interest rates increase. As a result, this additional indebtedness will require that an increased portion of our cash flows from operations be used for the payment of interest and principal on such increased indebtedness, thereby reducing our ability to use cash flows from operations to fund working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions and our cash available for distribution to our unitholders.

One or more of the Pending Acquisitions may have liabilities that are not known to us, and the indemnities in the applicable Purchase Agreement may not offer adequate protection.

In connection with the Pending Acquisitions, we have agreed to assume certain liabilities. In addition, there may be liabilities that we failed or were unable to discover in the course of performing due diligence investigations into the Pending Acquisitions, or we may not have correctly assessed the significance of certain liabilities identified in the course of our due diligence. Any such liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. To the extent we consummate the Pending Acquisitions, we may learn additional information as we integrate the entities and their businesses into our operations, such as unknown or contingent liabilities or issues relating to compliance with applicable laws, that could potentially have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The future issuance of common units upon closing of the Pending Acquisitions may cause our unit price to decline and may dilute your percentage ownership.

The holders of common units to be issued upon the closing of the Pending Acquisitions will not be subject to a contractual lock-up agreement. We expect to enter into a registration rights agreement with the holder of such common units, pursuant to which we will provide such holder certain demand, “piggy-back” and shelf registration rights with respect to such holder’s common units. Any sales of common units by such holder, or expectations thereof, could have the effect of depressing the market price for our units.

Furthermore, our partnership agreement does not limit the number of additional common units that we may issue at any time without the approval of our unitholders. The 2,500,000 common units to be issued as consideration upon the consummation of the EMEP Acquisition would dilute the percentage ownership held by the investors who purchase common units in this offering. The issuance of additional common units may have the following additional effects:

• the amount of cash available for distribution on each unit may decrease;

• the ratio of taxable income to distributions may increase; and

• the market price of our common units may decline.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We expect to receive approximately $  million in net proceeds from the sale of the common units we are offering hereby, or approximately $  million if the underwriter exercises in full its option to purchase up to an additional 750,000 common units, after deducting the underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to fund a portion of the cash consideration for the Pending Acquisitions.

This offering is not conditioned on the consummation of either Pending Acquisition. Pending the closing of the Pending Acquisitions, and in the event that either of the Pending Acquisitions are not completed, the proceeds from this offering will be used to repay the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and for general partnership purposes.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $19.0 million in borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility, with a weighted average interest rate of 8.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Our revolving credit facility matures on November 1, 2025. The outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility have been used primarily to fund acquisition and development expenditures and for general partnership purposes. Amounts borrowed in the future under our revolving credit facility will be used for general partnership purposes, which may include funding future acquisitions (including the Pending Acquisitions).

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table shows our unaudited cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of March 31, 2024:

• on an actual basis;

• on an as adjusted basis to give effect to our receipt of an estimated $103.0 million of net proceeds from this offering (based on an assumed offering price of $21.90 per common unit (the last reported sale price of our common units on the New York Stock Exchange on June 24, 2024)), after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses; and

• on an as further adjusted basis to give effect to the consummation of the Pending Acquisitions assuming 2,500,000 common units are issued pursuant to the EMEP Purchase Agreement and the $243 million aggregate cash purchase price for the Pending Acquisitions is funded with cash on hand (including the net proceeds of this offering) and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

You should read the following table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus supplement and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, each of which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, for additional information.

	As of March 31, 2024 (in thousands)
	Actual		As adjusted		As further adjusted
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,570	$	107,595	$	4,570
Long-term debt(1)	$	26,100	$	26,100	$	166,075	(2)
Partners’ capital
Partners’ capital	$	465,731	$	568,756	$	623,506
Total capitalization	$	491,831	$	594,856	$	789,581

(1) As of March 31, 2024, we had $19.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

(2) Includes $140.0 million of future borrowings under our revolving credit facility in connection with the consummation of the Pending Acquisitions.

This table does not reflect the issuance of up to an additional 750,000 common units that may be sold by us to the underwriter upon exercise of its option to purchase additional common units.

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

The tax consequences to you of an investment in our common units will depend in part on your own tax circumstances. Although this section adds information related to certain tax considerations, it should be read in conjunction with the risk factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and with “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying base prospectus, which provides a discussion of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences associated with our operations and the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common units. The following discussion is limited as described under the caption “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying base prospectus.

All prospective unitholders are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences particular to their own circumstances. In particular, ownership of common units by tax-exempt entities, including employee benefit plans and IRAs, and non-U.S. investors raises issues unique to such persons and may have substantial adverse tax consequences to them. The relevant rules are complex, and the discussions herein and in the accompanying base prospectus do not address tax consequences applicable to tax-exempt entities and non-U.S. investors, except as specifically set forth in the accompanying base prospectus. Please read “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Tax-Exempt Organizations and Other Investors” in the accompanying base prospectus.

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UNDERWRITING

Raymond James & Associates, Inc. is acting as sole underwriter. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in an underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus supplement, we have agreed to sell to Raymond James & Associates, Inc., and Raymond James & Associates, Inc. has agreed to purchase from us, 5,000,000 common units.

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the underwriting agreement, Raymond James & Associates, Inc. has agreed purchase all of our common units (other than those covered by the underwriter’s option to purchase additional common units described below) sold under the underwriting agreement.

We have agreed to indemnify Raymond James & Associates, Inc. against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments Raymond James & Associates, Inc. may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

Raymond James & Associates, Inc. is offering our common units, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by it, subject to approval of legal matters by its counsel, including the validity of the common units, and other conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, such as the receipt by Raymond James & Associates, Inc. of officers’ certificates and legal opinions. Raymond James & Associates, Inc. reserves the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.

Underwriting Discounts and Expenses

Raymond James & Associates, Inc. has advised us that it proposes initially to offer our common units to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $ per common unit. After this offering, the public offering price, concession or any other term of this offering may be changed.

The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds before expenses to us. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by Raymond James & Associates, Inc. of its option to purchase additional common units.

	Per Unit		Without Option		With Option
Public offering price	$		$		$
Underwriting discount	$		$		$
Proceeds, before expenses, to us	$		$		$

The estimated expenses of this offering payable by us, exclusive of the underwriting discount, are approximately $1,000,000.

Option

We have granted an option to Raymond James & Associates, Inc.to purchase up to an aggregate of 750,000 additional common units at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount. Raymond James & Associates, Inc. may exercise this option at any time or from time to time for 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement. If Raymond James & Associates, Inc. exercises this option, it will be obligated, subject to conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, to purchase such common units.

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No Sales of Similar Securities

The directors and executive officers of our general partner, and their respective affiliates have agreed with the underwriter not to offer, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any common units or any securities convertible into or exercisable or, exchangeable for, exercisable for, or repayable with common units, for a period of 60 days after the date of this prospectus supplement without first obtaining the written consent of Raymond James & Associates, Inc. Specifically, we and these other persons have agreed, with certain limited exceptions, not to directly or indirectly:

• offer, pledge, sell or contract to sell any common units;

• sell any option or contract to purchase any common units;

• purchase any option or contract to sell any common units;

• grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of any common units;

• lend or otherwise dispose of or transfer any common units;

• file or cause to be filed any registration statement related to the common units; or

• enter into any swap, hedging, collar or other agreement that can be reasonably expected to transfer, in whole or in part, the economic consequence of ownership of any common units whether any such swap, hedging, collar or other agreement is to be settled by delivery of common units or other securities, in cash or otherwise.

This lock-up provision applies to common units and to securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for or repayable with common units. It also applies to common units owned now or acquired later by the person executing the agreement or for which the person executing the agreement later acquires the power of disposition.

Raymond James & Associates, Inc. may release any of the common units and other securities subject to the lock-up agreements described above in whole or in part subject to the below considerations. When determining whether or not to release common units from lock-up agreements, Raymond James & Associates, Inc. will consider, among other factors, the unitholders’ reasons for requesting the release, the number of common units for which the release is being requested and market conditions at the time. However, Raymond James & Associates, Inc. has informed us that, as of the date of this prospectus supplement, there are no agreements between them and any party that would allow such party to transfer any common units, nor do they have any intention at this time of releasing any of the common units subject to the lock-up agreements, prior to the expiration of the lock-up period.

Price Stabilization and Short Positions

In connection with this offering, Raymond James & Associates, Inc.may purchase and sell our common units in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, purchases on the open market to cover positions created by short sales and stabilizing transactions. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriter of a greater number of our common units than they are required to purchase in this offering. “Covered” short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than Raymond James & Associates, Inc.’ over-allotment option to purchase additional common units described above. Raymond James & Associates, Inc. may close out any covered short position by either exercising their option or purchasing common units in the open market. In determining the source of our common units to close out the covered short position, Raymond James & Associates, Inc. will consider, among other things, the price of our common units available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which i may purchase our common units through the option. “Naked” short sales are sales in excess of the over-allotment option. Raymond James & Associates, Inc. must close out any naked short position by purchasing our common units in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if Raymond James & Associates, Inc. is concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our

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common units in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of our common units made by the underwriter in the open market prior to the completion of this offering.

Similar to other purchase transactions, Raymond James & Associates, Inc.’s purchases to cover the syndicate short sales may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common units or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common units. As a result, the price of our common units may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. Raymond James & Associates, Inc. may conduct these transactions on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

Neither we nor Raymond James & Associates, Inc.make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our common units. In addition, neither we nor the underwriter make any representation that the underwriter will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

Other Relationships

In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the underwriter and its affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The underwriter and its affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

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VALIDITY OF THE COMMON UNITS

The validity of the common units will be passed upon for us by Latham & Watkins LLP, Austin, Texas. Certain legal matters in connection with the common units offered by us will be passed upon for the underwriter by Baker Botts L.L.P., Houston, Texas.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of TXO Partners, L.P. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the three years ended December 31, 2023, have been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

Estimated quantities of proved oil and natural gas reserves of TXO Partners, L.P. and the net present value of such reserves as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 set forth in this prospectus are based upon reserve reports prepared by our internal reservoir engineers and evaluated by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates.

Estimated quantities of proved developed reserves of the Williston Assets expected to be acquired pursuant to the Pending Acquisitions and the net present value of such reserves as of March 31, 2024 set forth in this prospectus are based upon reserve reports prepared by our internal reservoir engineers and evaluated by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly and other reports and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a web site that contains reports and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov. You can also obtain information about us on our website at www.txopartners.com. Information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and does not constitute a part of this prospectus unless specifically so designated and filed with the SEC.

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INFORMATION WE INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE

The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. the information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Information that we file later with the SEC (which does not include any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 on any Current Report on Form 8-K) will automatically update and may replace information in this prospectus and information previously filed with the SEC. Any information so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. Unless this prospectus or the information incorporated by reference herein indicates that another date applies, you should not assume that the information in this prospectus is current as of any date other than the date of this prospectus or that any information we have incorporated by reference herein is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document incorporated by reference.

The documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 on any Current Report on Form 8-K) are incorporated by reference in this prospectus until the termination of all offerings under this registration statement:

• our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed on March 5, 2024;

• our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, filed on May 7, 2024;

• the description of our common units contained in the registration statement filed with the SEC on Form 8-A filed on January 26, 2023; and

• our current report on Form 8-K, filed on June 25, 2024.

You may request a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:

TXO Partners, L.P.

400 West, 7th Street,

Fort Worth, Texas 76102

(817) 334-7800

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Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-277671

PROSPECTUS

TXO Partners, L.P.

$250,000,000

Common Units

Preferred Units

Partnership Securities

Warrants

Rights

11,470,901 Common Units Offered by the Selling Unitholders

We may offer and sell up to $250,000,000 in the aggregate of the securities identified above, and the selling unitholders may offer and sell up to 11,470,901 in the aggregate of common units identified above, in each case from time to time in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common units by the selling unitholders.

Each time we or any of the selling unitholders offer and sell securities, we or such selling unitholders will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and, if applicable, the selling unitholders, as well as the amounts, prices and terms of the securities. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement before you invest in any of our securities.

We may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, or through a combination of these methods. In addition, the selling unitholders may offer and sell shares of our common unit from time to time, together or separately. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus entitled “About this Prospectus” and “Plan of Distribution” for more information. No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.

INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES RISKS. SEE THE “RISK FACTORS” ON PAGE 7 OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY SIMILAR SECTION CONTAINED IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT CONCERNING FACTORS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES.

Our common units are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “TXO.” We will provide information in the prospectus for the trading market, if any, for any preferred units, partnership securities, warrants and rights we may offer.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is March 14, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		1
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		2
INFORMATION WE INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE		3
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		4
ABOUT TXO PARTNERS, L.P.		6
RISK FACTORS		7
USE OF PROCEEDS		8
DESCRIPTION OF OUR COMMON UNITS		9
CASH DISTRIBUTION POLICY		16
THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT		17
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES		30
INVESTMENT IN TXO PARTNERS, L.P. BY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS		51
SELLING UNITHOLDERS		53
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		55
LEGAL MATTERS		60
EXPERTS		60

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell from time to time up to $250,000,000 of our securities. In addition, the selling unitholders may from time to time sell up to 11,470,901 of our common units.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of TXO Partners, L.P. and the securities that are registered hereunder. Each time we sell any securities offered by this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering and the securities being offered. Each time a selling unitholder sells common units with this prospectus, such selling unitholder is required to provide you with this prospectus and any related prospectus supplement containing specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. Any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may also add to, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. To the extent information in this prospectus is inconsistent with the information contained in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement (and any applicable free writing prospectuses), together with the additional information described under the heading “Information We Incorporate by Reference.”

Neither we, nor the selling unitholders, have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We and the selling unitholders take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We and the selling unitholders will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

The information in this prospectus is accurate as of its date. This prospectus incorporates by reference, and any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may contain and incorporate by reference, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and we have not independently verified this information. Additional information, including our financial statements and the notes incorporated in this prospectus by reference to our reports filed with the SEC is accurate as of the date stated in such report. In addition, the market and industry data and forecasts that may be included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any applicable free writing prospectus may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

When we refer to “TXO,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” in this prospectus, we mean TXO Partners, L.P. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise specified. When we refer to “you,” we mean the potential holders of the applicable series of securities.

1

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly and other reports and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a web site that contains reports and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.

Our web site address is https://www.txopartners.com/. The information on our web site, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.

This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Other documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement or documents incorporated by reference in the registration statement. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.

2

INFORMATION WE INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE

The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in this prospectus or a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or a subsequently filed document incorporated by reference modifies or replaces that statement.

This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC:

• our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed on March 5, 2024; and

• the description of our common units contained in the registration statement filed with the SEC on Form 8-A filed on January 26, 2023, and including any other amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.

All reports and other documents we subsequently file pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the “Exchange Act” in this prospectus, prior to the termination of this offering, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, but excluding any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, will also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of such reports and documents.

You may request a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:

TXO Partners, L.P.

400 West, 7^th Street,

Fort Worth, Texas 76102

(817) 334-7800

Exhibits to the filings will not be sent, however, unless those exhibits have specifically been incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements and information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements.” All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus supplement, including any statements regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenue and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “might,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “seek,” “would” or “continue,” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Some of the key factors that could cause actual results to differ from our expectations include, but are not limited to, the following:

• commodity price volatility;

• the impact of epidemics, outbreaks or other public health events, and the related effects on financial markets, worldwide economic activity and our operations;

• uncertainties about our estimated oil, natural gas and NGL reserves, including the impact of commodity price declines on the economic producibility of such reserves, and in projecting future rates of production;

• the concentration of our operations in the Permian Basin and the San Juan Basin;

• difficult and adverse conditions in the domestic and global capital and credit markets;

• lack of transportation and storage capacity as a result of oversupply, government regulations or other factors;

• lack of availability of drilling and production equipment and services;

• potential financial losses or earnings reductions resulting from our commodity price risk management program or any inability to manage our commodity risks;

• failure to realize expected value creation from property acquisitions and trades;

• access to capital and the timing of development expenditures;

• environmental, weather, drilling and other operating risks;

• regulatory changes, including potential shut-ins or production curtailments mandated by the Railroad Commission of Texas;

• competition in the oil and natural gas industry;

• loss of production and leasehold rights due to mechanical failure or depletion of wells and our inability to re-establish their production;

• our ability to service our indebtedness;

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• cost inflation;

• political and economic conditions and events in foreign oil and natural gas producing countries, including embargoes, the Israel-Hamas war, attacks in the Red Sea and other continued hostilities in the Middle East and other sustained military campaigns, the armed conflict in Ukraine and associated economic sanctions on Russia, conditions in South America, Central America, China and Russia, and acts of terrorism or sabotage;

• evolving cybersecurity risks such as those involving unauthorized access, denial-of-service attacks, malicious software, data privacy breaches by employees, insider or other with authorized access, cyber or phishing-attacks, ransomware, social engineering, physical breaches or other actions; and

• risks related to our ability to expand our business, including through the recruitment and retention of qualified personnel.

Reserve engineering is a process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact way. The accuracy of any reserve estimate depends on the quality of available data, the interpretation of such data and price and cost assumptions made by reservoir engineers. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and production activities may justify revisions of estimates that were made previously. If significant, such revisions would change the schedule of any further production and development drilling. Accordingly, our reserve and PV-10 estimates may differ significantly from the quantities of oil, natural gas and NGLs that are ultimately recovered.

Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described in this prospectus occur, or should underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements, expressed or implied, included in this prospectus are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue.

Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section, to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus.

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ABOUT TXO PARTNERS, L.P.

Unless the context otherwise requires, in this prospectus, the term “our general partner” refers to TXO Partners GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and the terms “partnership,” “we,” “our,” “us” or similar terms refer to TXO Partners, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“TXO Partners”) and its subsidiaries.

We are an independent oil and natural gas company focused on the acquisition, development, optimization and exploitation of conventional oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquid reserves in North America. Our management team has significant industry experience acquiring and exploiting conventional oil and natural gas properties in multiple resource plays and basins. As a result of such experience, our operations focus primarily on enhancing the development and operation of producing properties through our concentration on efficiency and optimizing exploitation of current wells. Our current acreage positions are concentrated in the Permian Basin of West Texas and New Mexico and the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado, each of which we believe is characterized by low geologic risk, low decline rates and high recoveries relative to drilling and completion costs.

For additional information, please read our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Executive Offices

Our principal executive offices are located at 400 West 7th Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102, and our phone number is (817) 334-7800. Our website address is https://www.txopartners.com/. Information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus and does not constitute a part of this prospectus.

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RISK FACTORS

Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement involves risks. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all other information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, and the risk factors and other information contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities. There may be other unknown or unpredictable economic, business, competitive, regulatory or other factors that could have material adverse effects on our future results. Past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be seriously harmed. This could cause the trading price of our securities to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. Please also carefully read the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of common units by the selling unitholders.

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DESCRIPTION OF OUR COMMON UNITS

Our Common Units

The common units represent limited partner interests in us. The holders of common units are entitled to participate in partnership distributions and exercise the rights or privileges available to limited partners under our partnership agreement. For a description of the relative rights and preferences of holders of common units in and to partnership distributions, please read this section and “Our Cash Distribution Policy and Restrictions on Distributions.” For a description of other rights and privileges of limited partners under our partnership agreement, including voting rights, please read “The Partnership Agreement.”

Transfer Agent and Registrar

Duties

Computershare Trust Company, Inc. serves as the registrar and transfer agent for the common units. We pay all fees charged by the transfer agent for transfers of common units except the following, which must be paid by unitholders:

• surety bond premiums to replace lost or stolen certificates, taxes and other governmental charges;

• special charges for services requested by a holder of a common unit; and

• other similar fees or charges.

There is no charge to our unitholders for disbursements of our quarterly cash distributions. We indemnify the transfer agent, its agents and each of their unitholders, directors, officers and employees against all claims and losses that may arise out of acts performed or omitted for its activities in that capacity, except for any liability due to any gross negligence or intentional misconduct of the indemnified person or entity.

Resignation or Removal

The transfer agent may resign, by notice to us, or be removed by us. The resignation or removal of the transfer agent will become effective upon our appointment of a successor transfer agent and registrar and its acceptance of the appointment. If no successor is appointed, our general partner may act as the transfer agent and registrar until a successor is appointed.

Transfer of Common Units

By transfer of common units in accordance with our partnership agreement, each transferee of common units shall be admitted as a limited partner with respect to the class of units transferred when such transfer and admission are reflected in our books and records. Each transferee:

• represents that the transferee has the capacity, power and authority to become bound by our partnership agreement;

• automatically agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of, and is deemed to have executed, our partnership agreement; and

• gives the consents, waivers and approvals contained in our partnership agreement, such as the approval of all transactions and agreements that we are entering into in connection with our formation and this offering.

Our general partner may amend our partnership agreement, as it determines necessary or advisable, to obtain proof of the U.S. federal income tax status and/or the nationality, citizenship or other related status of our limited partners (and their owners, to the extent relevant) and to permit our general partner to redeem the units held by

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any person (i) whose nationality, citizenship or related status creates substantial risk of cancellation or forfeiture of any of our property and/or (ii) who fails to comply with the procedures established to obtain such proof. The redemption price in the case of such a redemption will be the average of the daily closing prices per unit for the 20 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the date set for redemption. Please read “The Partnership Agreement—Non-Citizen Unitholders; Redemption.”

In addition to other rights acquired upon transfer, the transferor gives the transferee the right to become a substituted limited partner in our partnership for the transferred common units. Our general partner will cause any transfers to be recorded on our books and records from time to time (or shall cause the transfer agent to do so, as applicable).

The transferor of common units will have a duty to provide the transferee with all information that may be necessary to transfer the common units. The transferor will not have a duty to insure the execution of the transfer application and certification by the transferee and will have no liability or responsibility if the transferee neglects or chooses not to execute and forward the transfer application and certification to the transfer agent.

Until a common unit has been transferred on our books, we and the transfer agent may treat the record holder of the unit as the absolute owner for all purposes, except as otherwise required by law or stock exchange regulations.

We may, at our discretion, treat the nominee holder of a common unit as the absolute owner. In that case, the beneficial holder’s rights are limited solely to those that it has against the nominee holder as a result of any agreement between the beneficial owner and the nominee holder.

Common units are securities and any transfers are subject to the laws governing transfers of securities.

Listing

Our common units are listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TXO.” As of March 5, 2024, there were 98 record holders. Our common units began publicly trading on the NYSE on January 27, 2023. Prior to that time, there was no public market for our common units.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED UNITS

Our partnership agreement authorizes us to issue an unlimited number of additional limited partner interests and other equity securities for the consideration and with the designations, preferences, rights, powers and duties established by our general partner without the approval of any of our limited partners. In accordance with Delaware law and the provisions of our partnership agreement, we may issue additional partnership interests that have special voting rights to which our common units are not entitled.

Should we offer preferred units under this prospectus, a prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of preferred units offered will include the specific terms of those preferred units, including, among other things, the following:

• the designation, stated value and liquidation preference of the preferred units and the number of preferred units offered;

• the price at which the preferred units will be issued;

• the conversion or exchange provisions of the preferred units;

• any redemption or sinking fund provisions of the preferred units;

• the distribution rights of the preferred units, if any;

• a discussion of any additional material U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the preferred units; and

• any additional rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions of the preferred units.

The particular terms of any class or series of preferred units will also be described in the amendment to our partnership agreement relating to that class or series of preferred units, which will be filed as an exhibit to or incorporated by reference in this prospectus at or before the time of issuance of any such class or series of units.

Such preferred units will be fully paid and non-assessable when issued upon full payment of the purchase price therefor. The transfer agent, registrar and distributions disbursement agent for the units will be designated in the applicable prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP SECURITIES

Our partnership agreement authorizes us to issue an unlimited number of additional limited partner interests and other equity securities for the consideration and with the rights, preferences and privileges established by our general partner without the approval of any of our limited partners.

Should we offer partnership securities under this prospectus, a prospectus supplement relating to the particular class or series of units offered will include the specific terms of those units, including, among other things, the following:

• the designation, stated value and liquidation preference of the units and the maximum number of units to constitute the class or series;

• the number of units to be offered;

• the public offering price at which the units will be issued;

• any sinking fund provisions of the units;

• the voting rights, if any, of the units;

• the distribution rights of the units, if any;

• whether the units will be redeemable and, if so, the price and the terms and conditions on which the units may be redeemed, including the time during which the units may be redeemed and any accumulated distributions thereof, if any, that the holders of the units will be entitled to receive upon the redemption thereof;

• the terms and conditions, if any, on which the units will be convertible into, or exchangeable for, the units of any other class or series of units representing limited partner interests, including the price or prices or the rate or rates of conversion or exchange and the method, if any, of adjusting the same;

• a discussion of any additional material U.S. federal income tax considerations (other than as discussed in this prospectus), if any, regarding the units; and

• any additional rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions of the units.

The particular terms of any class or series of units will also be described in the amendment to our partnership agreement relating to that class or series of units, which will be filed as an exhibit to or incorporated by reference in this prospectus at or before the time of issuance of any such class or series of units.

Such units will be fully paid and non-assessable when issued upon full payment of the purchase price therefor. The transfer agent, registrar and distributions disbursement agent for the units will be designated in the applicable prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE WARRANTS

General Description of Warrants

We may issue warrants for the purchase of common units, preferred units or partnership securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with other securities and may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not have any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants. A copy of the warrant agreement will be filed with the SEC in connection with the offering of warrants.

The prospectus supplement relating to a particular issue of warrants to purchase common units, preferred units or partnership securities will describe the terms of the common unit warrants, preferred unit warrants or partnership securities warrants, including, among other things, the following:

• the title of the warrants;

• the offering price for the warrants, if any;

• the aggregate number of the warrants;

• the designation and terms of the common units, preferred units or partnership securities that may be purchased upon exercise of the warrants;

• if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities that the warrants are issued with and the number of warrants issued with each security;

• if applicable, the date from and after which the warrants and any securities issued with the warrants will be separately transferable;

• the number of common units, preferred units or partnership securities that may be purchased upon exercise of a warrant and the price at which such securities may be purchased upon exercise;

• the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants commence and expire;

• if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants that may be exercised at any one time;

• the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;

• if applicable, a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax considerations;

• anti-dilution provisions of the warrants, if any;

• redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the warrants;

• any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants; and

• any other information we think is important about the warrants.

Exercise of Warrants

Each warrant will entitle the holder of the warrant to purchase at the exercise price set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the number of common units, preferred units or partnership securities being offered. Holders may exercise warrants at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants are void. Holders may exercise warrants as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants being offered.

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Until you exercise your warrants to purchase our common units, preferred units or partnership securities, you will not have any rights as a holder of common units, preferred units or partnership securities, as the case may be, by virtue of your ownership of warrants.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE RIGHTS

We may issue rights to purchase common units, preferred units or partnership securities. These rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the unitholder receiving the rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of such rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed after such offering.

Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agreement, which we will enter into with a bank or trust company, as rights agent, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the certificates relating to the rights and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights. We will file the rights agreement and the rights certificates relating to each series of rights with the SEC, and incorporate them by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part on or before the time we issue a series of rights.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of any offering of rights for which this prospectus is being delivered, including, among other things, the following:

• the date of determining the unitholders entitled to the rights distribution;

• the number of rights issued or to be issued to each unitholder;

• the exercise price payable for each common unit, preferred unit or partnership security upon the exercise of the rights;

• the number and terms of the common units, preferred units or partnership securities that may be purchased per each right;

• the extent to which the rights are transferable;

• the date on which the holder’s ability to exercise the rights shall commence, and the date on which the rights shall expire;

• the extent to which the rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities;

• if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement entered into by us in connection with the offering of such rights;

• any other terms of the rights, including the terms, procedures, conditions, and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the rights; and

• any other information we think is important about the rights.

The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any rights that we may offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable rights certificate, which will be filed with the SEC.

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CASH DISTRIBUTION POLICY

General

Our partnership agreement requires that, within 60 days after the end of each quarter (other than the fourth quarter) and within 90 days after the end of the fourth quarter, we distribute all of our available cash to unitholders of record on the applicable record date.

Definition of Available Cash

Available cash generally means, for any quarter, all cash and cash equivalents on hand at the end of that quarter:

• less, the amount of cash reserves established by our general partner to:

• provide for the proper conduct of our business, which could include, but is not limited to, amounts reserved for capital expenditures, working capital and operating expenses;

• comply with applicable law, any of our debt instruments or other agreements; or

• provide funds for distributions to our unitholders for any one or more of the next four quarters;

• plus, all cash and cash equivalents on hand on the date of determination resulting from dividends or distributions received after the end of the quarter from equity interests in any person other than a subsidiary in respect of operations conducted by such person during the quarter;

• plus, if our general partner so determines, all or a portion of cash and cash equivalents on hand on the date of determination resulting from working capital borrowings made after the end of the quarter.

The purpose and effect of the last bullet point above is to allow our general partner, if it so decides, to use cash from working capital borrowings made after the end of the quarter but on or before the date of determination of available cash for that quarter to pay distributions to unitholders. Working capital borrowings are generally borrowings that are made under a credit facility, commercial paper facility or similar financing arrangement and in all cases are used solely for working capital purposes or to pay distributions to partners and with the intent of the borrower to repay such borrowings within twelve months from sources other than additional working capital borrowings.

Methods of Distribution

We intend to distribute available cash to our unitholders, pro rata. Our partnership agreement permits, but does not require, us to borrow funds to make distributions to our unitholders. Accordingly, there is no guarantee that we will pay any distribution on the units in any quarter.

General Partner Interest

Our general partner owns a non-economic general partner interest in us, which does not entitle it to receive cash distributions. However, our general partner may in the future acquire common units or other equity interests in us and will be entitled to receive distributions on any such interests.

Distributions of Cash Upon Liquidation

If we dissolve in accordance with the partnership agreement, we will sell or otherwise dispose of our assets in a process called liquidation. We will first apply the proceeds of liquidation to the payment (or establishing a reserve for payment) of our creditors. We will distribute any remaining proceeds to our unitholders, in accordance with their capital account balances, as adjusted to reflect any gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of our assets in liquidation.

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THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

The following is a summary of the material provisions of our partnership agreement. The form of our partnership agreement is filed as an exhibit on the registration statement to which this prospectus forms a part. We will provide prospective investors with a copy of our partnership agreement upon request at no charge.

We summarize the following provisions of our partnership agreement elsewhere in this prospectus:

• with regard to distributions of available cash, please read “Our Cash Distribution Policy;”

• with regard to the transfer of common units, please read “Description of the Common Units—Transfer Agent and Registrar—Transfer of Common Units;” and

• with regard to allocations of taxable income, taxable loss and other matters, please read “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences.”

Organization and Duration

Our partnership was organized in Delaware and will have a perpetual existence unless dissolved, wound up and terminated pursuant to the terms of our partnership agreement and the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the “Delaware Act”).

Purpose

Our purpose under our partnership agreement is to engage in any business activity that is approved by our general partner and that lawfully may be conducted by a limited partnership organized under Delaware law. However, our general partner may not cause us to engage, directly or indirectly, in any business activity that it determines would cause us to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation or otherwise taxable as an entity for federal income tax purposes, except as otherwise provided below under “—Election to be Treated as a Corporation.”

Although our general partner has the ability to cause us and our subsidiaries to engage in activities other than the ownership, acquisition, exploitation and development of oil and natural gas properties and the ownership, acquisition and operation of related assets, our general partner has no current plans to do so and may decline to do so free of any fiduciary duty or obligation whatsoever to us or our limited partners, including any duty to act in good faith or in the best interests of us or our limited partners, other than the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Our general partner is generally authorized to perform all acts it determines to be necessary or appropriate to carry out our purposes and to conduct our business.

Capital Contributions

Unitholders are not obligated to make additional capital contributions, except as described under “—Limited Liability.”

Limited Voting Rights

The following is a summary of the unitholder vote required for each of the matters specified below. Matters that call for the approval of a “unit majority” require the approval of a majority of the common units.

In voting their common units, our general partner and its affiliates have no duty or obligation whatsoever to us or the limited partners, including any duty to act in good faith or in the best interests of us or our limited partners, other than the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The holders of a majority of the common units (including common units deemed owned by our general partner and its affiliates) entitled to vote at the meeting, represented in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of common unitholders,

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unless any such action requires approval by holders of a greater percentage of such units in which case the quorum shall be such greater percentage.

Issuance of additional units No approval right. Please read “—Issuance of Additional Partnership Interests.”

Amendment of the partnership agreement Certain amendments may be made by our general partner without the approval of the unitholders. Other amendments generally require the approval of a unit majority. Please read “—Amendment of the Partnership Agreement.”

Merger of our partnership or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets Unit majority, in certain circumstances. Please read “—Merger, Consolidation, Sale or Other Disposition of Assets.”

Dissolution of our partnership Unit majority. Please read “—Termination and Dissolution.”

Continuation of our business upon dissolution Unit majority. Please read “—Termination and Dissolution.”

Withdrawal of our general partner Under most circumstances, the approval of a majority of the outstanding common units, excluding common units held by our general partner and its affiliates , is required for the withdrawal of our general partner in a manner that would cause a dissolution of our partnership. Please read “—Withdrawal or Removal of Our General Partner.”

Removal of our general partner Not less than 66²/₃% of the outstanding common units, including units held by our general partner and its affiliates, voting as a single class. Please read “—Withdrawal or Removal of Our General Partner.”

Transfer of our general partner interest Our general partner may transfer any or all of its general partner interest in us without a vote of our unitholders. Please read “—Transfer of General Partner Units.”

Transfer of ownership interests in our general partner No unitholder approval required. Please read “—Transfer of Ownership Interests in Our General Partner.”

Election to be treated as a corporation No approval right. Please read “—Election to be Treated as a Corporation.”

Applicable Law; Forum, Venue and Jurisdiction

Our partnership agreement is governed by Delaware law. Our partnership agreement requires that any claims, suits, actions or proceedings:

• arising out of or relating in any way to the partnership agreement (including any claims, suits or actions to interpret, apply or enforce the provisions of the partnership agreement or the duties, obligations or liabilities among limited partners or of limited partners to us, or the rights or powers of, or restrictions on, the limited partners or us);

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• brought in a derivative manner on our behalf;

• asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of us or our general partner, or owed by our general partner, to us or the limited partners;

• asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware Act; or

• asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine,

shall be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, any other court located in the State of Delaware with subject matter jurisdiction), regardless of whether such claims, suits, actions or proceedings sound in contract, tort, fraud or otherwise, are based on common law, statutory, equitable, legal or other grounds, or are derivative or direct claims. The foregoing provision will not apply to any claims as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of such court, which is rested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than such court (including claims arising under the Exchange Act), or for which such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or to any claims arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the United States federal district courts will be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any action asserting a claim arising under the Securities Act. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules or regulations thereunder. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such Securities Act claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, the partnership agreement provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, United States federal district courts shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the forum provision with respect to claims under the federal securities laws.

Our partnership agreement also provides that each limited partner waives the right to trial by jury in any such claim, suit, action or proceeding, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. No unitholder can waive compliance with respect to the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. If the partnership or one of the partnership unitholders opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the applicable court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with applicable state and federal laws. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the U.S. federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of Delaware, which govern our partnership agreement.

By purchasing a common unit, a limited partner is irrevocably consenting to these limitations and provisions regarding claims, suits, actions or proceedings and submitting to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or such other courts in Delaware) in connection with any such claims, suits, actions or proceedings.

Limited Liability

Assuming that a limited partner does not participate in the control of our business within the meaning of the Delaware Act and that he or she otherwise acts in conformity with the provisions of our partnership agreement, his or her liability under the Delaware Act will be limited, subject to possible exceptions, to the amount of capital he or she is obligated to contribute to us for his or her common units plus his or her share of any undistributed profits and assets. If it were determined, however, that the right or exercise of the right by our limited partners as a group:

• to remove or replace our general partner;

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• to approve some amendments to the partnership agreement; or

• to take other action under the partnership agreement;

constituted “participation in the control” of our business for the purposes of the Delaware Act, then our limited partners could be held personally liable for our obligations under Delaware law, to the same extent as our general partner. This liability would extend to persons who transact business with us and reasonably believe that the limited partner is a general partner. Neither our partnership agreement nor the Delaware Act specifically provides for legal recourse against our general partner if a limited partner were to lose limited liability through any fault of our general partner. While this does not mean that a limited partner could not seek legal recourse, we know of no precedent for this type of a claim in Delaware case law.

Under the Delaware Act, a limited partnership may not make a distribution to a partner if, after the distribution, all liabilities of the limited partnership, other than liabilities to partners on account of their partnership interests and liabilities for which the recourse of creditors is limited to specific property of the partnership, would exceed the fair value of the assets of the limited partnership. For the purpose of determining the fair value of the assets of a limited partnership, the Delaware Act provides that the fair value of property subject to liability for which recourse of creditors is limited shall be included in the assets of the limited partnership only to the extent that the fair value of that property exceeds the nonrecourse liability. The Delaware Act provides that a limited partner who receives a distribution and knew at the time of the distribution that the distribution was in violation of the Delaware Act shall be liable to the limited partnership for the amount of the distribution for three years. Under the Delaware Act, a substituted limited partner of a limited partnership is liable for the obligations of his assignor to make contributions to the partnership, except that such person is not obligated for liabilities unknown to him at the time he became a limited partner and that could not be ascertained from the partnership agreement.

Our operating subsidiary conducts business in New Mexico, Colorado, Texas and Mississippi, and we may have operating subsidiaries that conduct business in other states in the future. Maintenance of our limited liability as an owner of our operating subsidiary may require compliance with legal requirements in the jurisdictions in which our operating subsidiary conducts business, including qualifying our operating subsidiary to do business there.

Limitations on the liability of members or limited partners for the obligations of a limited liability company or limited partnership have not been clearly established in many jurisdictions. If, by virtue of our ownership in our subsidiaries or otherwise, it were determined that we were conducting business in any state without compliance with the applicable limited partnership or limited liability company statute, or that the right or exercise of the right by our limited partners as a group to remove or replace our general partner, to approve some amendments to our partnership agreement, or to take other action under our partnership agreement constituted “participation in the control” of our business for purposes of the statutes of any relevant jurisdiction, then our limited partners could be held personally liable for our obligations under the law of that jurisdiction to the same extent as our general partner under the circumstances. We will operate in a manner that our general partner considers reasonable and necessary or appropriate to preserve the limited liability of our limited partners.

Issuance of Additional Partnership Interests

Our partnership agreement authorizes us to issue an unlimited number of additional partnership interests for the consideration and on the terms and conditions determined by our general partner without the approval of our unitholders.

It is possible that we will fund acquisitions through the issuance of additional common units or other partnership interests. Holders of any additional common units we issue will be entitled to share equally with the then-existing holders of common units in our distributions of available cash. In addition, the issuance of additional common units or other partnership interests may dilute the value of the interests of the then-existing holders of common units in our net assets.

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In accordance with Delaware law and the provisions of our partnership agreement, we may also issue additional partnership interests that, as determined by our general partner, may have special voting or other rights to which the common units are not entitled. In addition, our partnership agreement does not prohibit the issuance by our subsidiaries of equity interests, which may effectively rank senior to our common units.

Our general partner has the right, which it may from time to time assign in whole or in part to any of its affiliates, to purchase common units or other partnership interests whenever, and on the same terms that, we issue those interests to persons other than our general partner and its affiliates, to the extent necessary to maintain the aggregate percentage interest in us of our general partner and its affiliates, including such interest represented by common units, that existed immediately prior to each issuance. The holders of common units will not have preemptive rights to acquire additional common units or other partnership interests.

Amendment of the Partnership Agreement

General

Amendments to our partnership agreement may be proposed only by our general partner.

However, our general partner has no duty or obligation to propose any amendment and may decline to do so free of any fiduciary duty or obligation whatsoever to us or our limited partners, including any duty to act in good faith or in the best interests of us or our limited partners, other than the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing. To adopt a proposed amendment, other than the amendments discussed below under “—No Unitholder Approval,” our general partner is required to seek written approval of the holders of the number of units required to approve the amendment or call a meeting of our limited partners to consider and vote upon the proposed amendment. Except as described below, an amendment must be approved by a unit majority.

Prohibited Amendments

No amendment may be made that would:

• enlarge the obligations of any limited partner without its consent, unless approved by at least a majority of the type or class of limited partner interests so affected; or

• enlarge the obligations of, restrict in any way any action by or rights of, or reduce in any way the amounts distributable, reimbursable or otherwise payable by us to our general partner or any of its affiliates without the consent of our general partner, which consent may be given or withheld in its sole discretion.

The provision of our partnership agreement preventing the amendments having the effects described in any of the clauses above can be amended upon the approval of the holders of at least 90% of the outstanding units voting together as a single class (including units owned by our general partner and its affiliates ).

No Limited Partner Approval

Our general partner may generally make amendments to our partnership agreement without the approval of any limited partner to reflect:

• a change in our name, the location of our principal place of business, our registered agent or our registered office;

• the admission, substitution, withdrawal or removal of partners in accordance with our partnership agreement;

• a change that our general partner determines to be necessary or appropriate for us to qualify or to continue our qualification as a limited partnership or other entity in which the limited partners have

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limited liability under the laws of any state or to ensure that neither we, nor our subsidiaries will be treated as an association taxable as a corporation or otherwise taxed as an entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except as otherwise provided below under “—Election to be Treated as a Corporation”;

• a change in our fiscal year or taxable year and related changes;

• an amendment that is necessary, in the opinion of our counsel, to prevent us or our general partner or the directors, officers, agents or trustees of our general partner from being subjected, in any manner to the provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or “plan asset” regulations adopted under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or ERISA, whether or not substantially similar to plan asset regulations currently applied or proposed by the U.S. Department of Labor;

• an amendment that sets forth the designations, preferences, rights, powers and duties of any class or series of additional partnership securities or rights to acquire partnership securities, that our general partner determines to be necessary or appropriate or advisable for the authorization or issuance of additional partnership securities or rights to acquire partnership securities;

• any amendment expressly permitted in our partnership agreement to be made by our general partner acting alone;

• an amendment effected, necessitated or contemplated by a merger agreement or plan of conversion that has been approved under the terms of our partnership agreement;

• any amendment that our general partner determines to be necessary or appropriate to reflect and account for the formation by us of, or our investment in, any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or other entity, as otherwise permitted by our partnership agreement;

• any amendment necessary to require our limited partners to provide a statement, certification or other evidence to us regarding whether such limited partner is subject to U.S. federal income taxation on the income generated by us and to provide for the ability of our general partner to redeem the units of any limited partner who fails to provide such statement, certification or other evidence;

• an amendment that our general partner determines to be necessary or appropriate or advisable in connection with conversions into, mergers with or conveyances to another limited liability entity that is newly formed and has no assets, liabilities or operations at the time of the conversion, merger or conveyance other than those it receives by way of the conversion, merger or conveyance; or

• any other amendments substantially similar to any of the matters described in the clauses above.

In addition, our general partner may make amendments to our partnership agreement without the approval of any limited partner if our general partner determines that those amendments:

• do not adversely affect our limited partners (or any particular class of limited partners) in any material respect;

• are necessary or appropriate to satisfy any requirements, conditions or guidelines contained in any opinion, directive, order, ruling or regulation of any federal or state agency or judicial authority or contained in any federal or state statute;

• are necessary or appropriate to facilitate the trading of our units or to comply with any rule, regulation, guideline or requirement of any securities exchange on which our units are or will be listed for trading;

• are necessary or appropriate for any action taken by our general partner relating to splits or combinations of units under the provisions of our partnership agreement; or

• are required to effect the intent expressed in this prospectus or the intent of the provisions of our partnership agreement or are otherwise contemplated by our partnership agreement.

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Opinion of Counsel and Unitholder Approval

For amendments of the type not requiring unitholder approval, our general partner will not be required to obtain an opinion of counsel that an amendment will not affect the limited liability of any limited partner under Delaware law. No other amendments to our partnership agreement will become effective without the approval of holders of at least 90% of the outstanding common units unless we first obtain such an opinion.

In addition to the above restrictions, any amendment that would have a material adverse effect on the rights or preferences of any type or class of outstanding units in relation to other classes of units will require the approval of at least a majority of the holders of the type or class of units so affected, but no vote will be required by the holders of any class or classes or type or types of units that our general partner determines are not adversely affected in any material respect. Any amendment that reduces the voting percentage required to take any action other than to remove the general partner or call a meeting of unitholders is required to be approved by the affirmative vote of limited partners whose aggregate outstanding units constitute not less than the voting requirement sought to be reduced. Any amendment that would increase the percentage of units required to remove the general partner or call a meeting of unitholders must be approved by the affirmative vote of limited partners whose aggregate outstanding units constitute not less than the percentage sought to be increased.

Merger, Consolidation, Sale or Other Disposition of Assets

A merger, consolidation, or conversion of us requires the prior consent of our general partner. However, our general partner has no duty or obligation to consent to any merger, consolidation, or conversion and may decline to do so free of any fiduciary duty or obligation whatsoever to us or our limited partners, including any duty to act in good faith or in the best interest of us or our limited partners other than the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

In addition, our partnership agreement generally prohibits our general partner, without the prior approval of the holders of a unit majority, from causing us, among other things, to sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, including by way of merger, consolidation, conversion or other combination or sale of ownership interests of our subsidiaries. Our general partner may, however, mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or grant a security interest in all or substantially all of our assets without such approval. Our general partner may also sell all or substantially all of our assets under a foreclosure or other realization upon those encumbrances without that approval. Finally, our general partner may consummate any merger, consolidation or conversion without the prior approval of our unitholders if we are the surviving entity in the transaction, our general partner has received an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters, the transaction will not result in an amendment to our partnership agreement (other than an amendment that the general partner could adopt without the consent of the other partners), each of our units will be an identical unit of our partnership following the transaction, and the partnership interests to be issued do not exceed 20% of our outstanding partnership interests immediately prior to the transaction.

If the conditions specified in our partnership agreement are satisfied, our general partner may convert us or our subsidiaries into a new limited liability entity or merge us or any of our subsidiaries into, or convey all of our assets to, a newly formed entity, if the sole purpose of that conversion, merger or conveyance is to effect a mere change in our legal form into another limited liability entity, our general partner has received an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters, and the governing instruments of the new entity provide our limited partners and our general partner with the same rights and obligations as contained in our partnership agreement. The unitholders are not entitled to dissenters’ rights of appraisal under our partnership agreement or applicable Delaware law in the event of a conversion, merger or consolidation a sale of substantially all of our assets or any other similar transaction or event.

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Termination and Dissolution

We will continue as a limited partnership until dissolved and terminated under our partnership agreement. We will dissolve upon:

• the withdrawal or removal of our general partner or any other event that results in its ceasing to be our general partner, other than by reason of a transfer of its general partner interest in accordance with our partnership agreement or a withdrawal or removal followed by approval and admission of a successor;

• the election of our general partner to dissolve us, if approved by the holders of a unit majority;

• the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of our partnership pursuant to the provisions of the Delaware Act; or

• there being no limited partners, unless we are continued without dissolution in accordance with applicable Delaware law.

Upon a dissolution under the first bullet above, the holders of a unit majority may also elect, within specific time limitations, to continue our business on the same terms and conditions described in our partnership agreement by appointing as a successor general partner an entity approved by the holders of a unit majority, subject to our receipt of an opinion of counsel to the effect that:

• the action would not result in the loss of limited liability under Delaware law of any limited partner; and

• neither our partnership nor our subsidiaries would be treated as an association taxable as a corporation or otherwise be taxable as an entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the exercise of that right to continue (to the extent not already so treated or taxed).

Liquidation and Distribution of Proceeds

Upon our dissolution, unless our business is continued, the liquidator authorized to wind up our affairs will, acting with all of the powers of our general partner that are necessary or appropriate, liquidate our assets and apply the proceeds of the liquidation as described in “Provisions of Our Partnership Agreement Relating to Cash Distributions—Distributions of Cash Upon Liquidation.” The liquidator may defer liquidation or distribution of our assets for a reasonable period of time or distribute assets to partners in kind if it determines that a sale would be impractical or would cause undue loss to our partners.

Withdrawal or Removal of Our General Partner

Except as described below, our general partner has agreed not to withdraw voluntarily as our general partner prior to December 31, 2032 without obtaining the approval of the holders of at least a majority of our outstanding common units, excluding common units held by our general partner and its affiliates, and furnishing an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters. On or after December 31, 2032, our general partner may withdraw as our general partner without first obtaining approval of any unitholder by giving at least 90 days’ written notice, and that withdrawal will not constitute a violation of our partnership agreement.

Notwithstanding the information above, our general partner may withdraw as our general partner without unitholder approval upon 90 days’ notice to our limited partners if at least 50% of the outstanding common units are held or controlled by one person and its affiliates other than our general partner and its affiliates. In addition, our partnership agreement permits our general partner in some instances to sell or otherwise transfer all of its general partner interest in us without the approval of the unitholders. Please read “—Transfer of General Partner Units.”

Upon voluntary withdrawal of our general partner by giving notice to the other partners, the holders of a unit majority may select a successor to that withdrawing general partner. If a successor is not elected, or is elected but

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an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters cannot be obtained, we will be dissolved, wound up and liquidated, unless within a specified period after that withdrawal, the holders of a unit majority agree to continue our business by appointing a successor general partner. Please read “—Termination and Dissolution.”

Our general partner may not be removed unless that removal is approved by the vote of the holders of not less than 66²/₃% of our outstanding units, voting together as a single class, including units held by our general partner and its affiliates, and we receive an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters. Any removal of our general partner is also subject to the approval of a successor general partner by the vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding common units. The ownership of more than 33¹/₃% of our outstanding units by our general partner and its affiliates would give them the practical ability to prevent our general partner’s removal.

Our partnership agreement also provides that if our general partner is removed as our general partner under circumstances where cause does not exist our general partner will have the right to convert its general partner interest into common units or to receive cash from the successor general partner in exchange for those interests based on the fair market value of the interests at the time.

In the event of removal of our general partner under circumstances where cause exists or withdrawal of our general partner where that withdrawal violates our partnership agreement, a successor general partner will have the option to purchase the departing general partner’s general partner interest for a cash payment equal to the fair market value of those interests. Under all other circumstances where our general partner withdraws or is removed by the limited partners, the departing general partner will have the option to require the successor general partner to purchase the general partner interest of the departing general partner for fair market value. In each case, this fair market value will be determined by agreement between the departing general partner and its affiliate and the successor general partner. If no agreement is reached, an independent investment banking firm or other independent expert selected by the departing general partner and its affiliate and the successor general partner will determine the fair market value. If the departing general partner and its affiliate and the successor general partner cannot agree upon an expert, then an expert chosen by agreement of the experts selected by each of them will determine the fair market value.

If the option described above is not exercised by either the departing general partner or the successor general partner, the departing general partner’s general partner interest will automatically convert into common units equal to the fair market value of those interests as determined by an investment banking firm or other independent expert selected in the manner described in the preceding paragraph.

In addition, we will be required to reimburse the departing general partner for all amounts due the departing general partner, including, without limitation, all employee-related liabilities, including severance liabilities, incurred for the termination of any employees employed by the departing general partner or its affiliates for our benefit.

Transfer of General Partner Interest

Our general partner may transfer all or any of its general partner interest to an affiliate or a third party without the approval of our unitholders. As a condition of this transfer, the transferee must, among other things, assume the rights and duties of our general partner, agree to be bound by the provisions of our partnership agreement and furnish an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters.

Our general partner and its affiliates may at any time transfer common units to one or more persons without unitholder approval.

Transfer of Ownership Interests in Our General Partner

At any time, the members of our general partner may sell or transfer all or part of their membership interests in our general partner to an affiliate or a third party without the approval of our unitholders.

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Election to be Treated as a Corporation

If at any time our general partner determines that (i) we should no longer be characterized as a partnership but instead as an entity taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (ii) common units held by some or all unitholders should be converted into or exchanged for interests in a newly formed entity taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes whose sole asset is interests in us (“parent corporation”), then our general partner may, without unitholder approval, reorganize us and cause us to be treated as an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or cause us to engage in a merger or other transaction pursuant to which common units held by some or all unitholders will be converted into or exchanged for interests in the parent corporation. In addition, if our general partner causes partnership interests in us to be held by a parent corporation, our existing owners may choose to retain their partnership interests in us rather than convert or exchange their partnership interests into parent corporation shares. The general partner may take any of the foregoing actions if it in good faith determines (meaning it subjectively believes) that such action is not adverse to our best interests. Any such event may be taxable or nontaxable to our unitholders, depending on the form of the transaction. The tax liability, if any, of a unitholder as a result of such an event may vary depending on the unitholder’s particular situation and may vary from the tax liability of our general partner and each of our existing owners. Our general partner has no duty or obligation to make any such determination or take any such actions, however, and may decline to do so free of any duty or obligation whatsoever to us or our limited partners, including any duty to act in a manner not adverse to the best interests of us or our limited partners.

Change of Management Provisions

Our partnership agreement contains specific provisions that are intended to discourage a person or group from attempting to remove our general partner or otherwise change the management of our general partner. If any person or group other than our general partner and its affiliates acquires beneficial ownership of 20% or more of any class of units, that person or group loses voting rights on all of its units. This loss of voting rights does not apply to any person or group that acquires the units from our general partner or its affiliates and any transferees of that person or group approved by our general partner or to any person or group who acquires the units with the prior approval of the Board.

Limited Call Right

If at any time our general partner and its affiliates own more than 80% of our then-issued and outstanding limited partner interests of any class, our general partner will have the right, which it may assign in whole or in part to any of its affiliates or to us, to acquire all, but not less than all, of the limited partner interests of the class held by unaffiliated persons as of a record date to be selected by our general partner, on at least 10 but not more than 60 days’ notice. The purchase price in the event of this purchase is the greater of:

• the highest cash price paid by either of our general partner or any of its affiliates for any limited partner interests of the class purchased within the 90 days preceding the date on which our general partner first mails notice of its election to purchase those limited partner interests; and

• the current market price calculated in accordance with our partnership agreement as of the date three business days before the date the notice is mailed.

As a result of our general partner’s right to purchase outstanding limited partner interests, a holder of limited partner interests may have its limited partner interests purchased at a price that may be lower than market prices at various times prior to such purchase or lower than a unitholder may anticipate the market price to be in the future. The U.S. federal income tax consequences to a unitholder of the exercise of this call right are the same as a sale by that unitholder of its common units in the market.

Meetings; Voting

Except as described below regarding a person or group owning 20% or more of any class of units then outstanding, record holders of common units on the record date will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, meetings of our limited partners and to act upon matters for which approvals may be solicited.

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Our general partner does not anticipate that any meeting of unitholders will be called in the foreseeable future. Any action that is required or permitted to be taken by the unitholders may be taken either at a meeting of the unitholders or without a meeting if consents in writing describing the action so taken are signed by holders of the number of units necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting. Meetings of the unitholders may be called by our general partner or by unitholders owning at least 20% of the outstanding units of the class for which a meeting is proposed. Unitholders may vote either in person or by proxy at meetings. The holders of a majority of the outstanding units of the class or classes for which a meeting has been called, entitled to vote at the meeting represented in person or by proxy, will constitute a quorum unless any action by the unitholders requires approval by holders of a greater percentage of the units, in which case the quorum will be the greater percentage.

Each record holder of a unit has a vote according to his percentage interest in us, although additional limited partner interests having special voting rights could be issued. Please read “—Issuance of Additional Partnership Interests.” However, if at any time any person or group, other than our general partner and its affiliates or a direct or subsequently approved transferee of our general partner or its affiliates or a transferee of that person or group approved by our general partner or a person or group specifically approved by our general partner, or the Board, as applicable, acquires, in the aggregate, beneficial ownership of 20% or more of any class of units then outstanding, that person or group will lose voting rights on all of its units and the units may not be voted on any matter and will not be considered to be outstanding when sending notices of a meeting of unitholders, calculating required votes, determining the presence of a quorum or for other similar purposes. Common units held by a nominee or in a street name account will be voted by the broker or other nominee in accordance with the instruction of the beneficial owner unless the arrangement between the beneficial owner and his nominee provides otherwise.

Any notice, demand, request, report or proxy material required or permitted to be given or made to record holders of common units under our partnership agreement will be delivered to the record holder by us or by the transfer agent or an exchange agent.

Status as Limited Partner

By transfer of any common units in accordance with our partnership agreement, each transferee of common units shall be admitted as a limited partner with respect to the common units transferred when such transfer and admission is reflected in our books and records. Except as described under “—Limited Liability,” the common units will be fully paid, and unitholders will not be required to make additional contributions.

Non-Citizen Unitholders; Redemption

We may acquire interests in oil and natural gas leases on United States federal lands in the future. To comply with certain U.S. laws relating to the ownership of interests in oil and natural gas leases on federal lands, our general partner, acting on our behalf, may amend our partnership agreement, as it determines necessary or advisable, to obtain proof of the U.S. federal income tax status and/or the nationality, citizenship or other related status of our limited partners (and their owners, to the extent relevant) and to permit our general partner to redeem the units held by any person (i) whose nationality, citizenship or related status creates substantial risk of cancellation or forfeiture of any of our property and/or (ii) who fails to comply with the procedures established to obtain such proof. The redemption price in the case of such a redemption will be the average of the daily closing prices per unit for the 20 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the date set for redemption. Further, the units held by such unitholder will not be entitled to any voting rights and may not receive distributions in-kind upon our liquidation.

Furthermore, we have the right to redeem all of the common units of any holder that our general partner concludes is an Ineligible Holder (as defined in our partnership agreement) or fails to furnish the information requested by our general partner. The redemption price in the event of such redemption for each unit held by such unitholder will be the current market price of such unit (the date of determination of which shall be the date

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fixed for redemption). The redemption price will be paid, as determined by our general partner, in cash or by delivery of a promissory note. Any such promissory note will bear interest at the rate of 5% annually and be payable in three equal annual installments of principal and accrued interest, commencing one year after the redemption date.

For the avoidance of doubt, onshore mineral leases or any direct or indirect interest therein may be acquired and held by aliens only through stock ownership, holding or control in a corporation organized under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof.

Indemnification

Under our partnership agreement, unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that such person acted in bad faith or engaged in intentional fraud or willful misconduct or, in the case of a criminal matter, acted with knowledge that the conduct was criminal, we will indemnify the following persons, to the fullest extent permitted by law, from and against all losses, claims, damages or similar events:

• our general partner;

• any departing general partner;

• any person who is or was an affiliate of our general partner or any departing general partner;

• any person who is or was a director, officer, manager, managing member, partner, fiduciary or trustee of any entity set forth in the preceding three bullet points;

• any person who is or was serving as a director, officer, manager, managing member, partner, fiduciary or trustee of another person at the request of our general partner or any departing general partner; and

• any person designated by our general partner.

Any indemnification under these provisions will only be out of our assets. Unless it otherwise agrees, our general partner will not be personally liable for, or have any obligation to contribute or lend funds or assets to us to enable us to effectuate, indemnification. We may purchase insurance covering liabilities asserted against and expenses incurred by persons for our activities, regardless of whether we would have the power to indemnify the person against liabilities under our partnership agreement.

Reimbursement of Expenses

Our partnership agreement requires us to reimburse our general partner for all direct and indirect expenses it incurs or payments it makes on our behalf and all other expenses allocable to us or otherwise incurred by our general partner in connection with operating our business. These expenses include salary, bonus, incentive compensation, and other amounts paid to persons who perform services for us or on our behalf, and expenses allocated to our general partner by its affiliates. Our general partner is entitled to determine in good faith the expenses that are allocable to us. The expenses for which we are required to reimburse our general partner are not subject to any caps or other limits.

Books and Reports

Our general partner is required to keep appropriate books of our business at our principal offices. The books will be maintained for both tax and financial reporting purposes on an accrual basis. For financial reporting and tax purposes, our fiscal year is the calendar year.

We mail or make available to record holders of common units, within 105 days after the close of each fiscal year, an annual report containing audited financial statements and a report on those financial statements by our

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independent registered public accounting firm. Except for our fourth quarter, we also mail or make available a report containing unaudited financial statements within 50 days after the close of each quarter. We are deemed to have made any such report available if we file such report with the SEC on EDGAR or make the report available on a publicly available website which we maintain.

We furnish each record holder of a unit with information reasonably required for tax reporting purposes within 90 days after the close of each calendar year. This information is expected to be furnished in summary form so that some complex calculations normally required of partners can be avoided. Our ability to furnish this summary information to our unitholders depends on the cooperation of our unitholders in supplying us with specific information. Every unitholder will receive information to assist it in determining its federal and state tax liability and filing its federal and state income tax returns, regardless of whether such unitholder supplies us with information.

Right to Inspect Our Books and Records

Our partnership agreement provides that a limited partner can, for a purpose reasonably related to his interest as a limited partner, upon reasonable written demand stating the purpose of such demand and at his own expense, obtain:

• a current list of the name and last known address of each record holder;

• copies of our partnership agreement and our certificate of limited partnership and related amendments thereto; and

• certain information regarding the status of our business and financial condition.

Our general partner may, and intends to, keep confidential from the limited partners, trade secrets or other information the disclosure of which our general partner determines is not in our best interests or that we are required by law or by agreements with third parties to keep confidential. Our partnership agreement limits the right to information that a limited partner would otherwise have under Delaware law.

Registration Rights

Under our partnership agreement, we have agreed to register for resale under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws any common units or other partnership interests proposed to be sold by our general partner or any of its affiliates or their assignees if an exemption from the registration requirements is not otherwise available. These registration rights continue for two years following any withdrawal or removal of our general partner.

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

This section is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to prospective common unitholders who are individual citizens or residents of the United States and, unless otherwise noted in the following discussion, is the opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP, counsel to our general partner and us, insofar as it relates to legal conclusions with respect to matters of U.S. federal income tax law. A description of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of preferred units and debt securities will be set forth in a prospectus supplement relating to the offering of such units or securities. This section is based upon current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), existing and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code (the “Treasury Regulations”) and current administrative rulings and court decisions, all of which are subject to change. Later changes in these authorities may cause the tax consequences to vary substantially from the consequences described below. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “us” or “we” are references to TXO Partners, and our operating subsidiaries.

The following discussion does not comment on all U.S. federal income tax matters affecting us or our unitholders and does not describe the application of the alternative minimum tax that may be applicable to certain unitholders. Moreover, the discussion focuses on unitholders who are individual citizens or residents of the United States and has only limited application to corporations, estates, entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, trusts, nonresident aliens, U.S. expatriates and former citizens or long-term residents of the United States or other unitholders subject to specialized tax treatment, such as banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions, tax-exempt institutions, foreign persons (including, without limitation, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and foreign persons eligible for the benefits of an applicable income tax treaty with the United States), individual retirement accounts (IRAs), real estate investment trusts (REITs) or mutual funds, dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities, U.S. persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar, persons holding their units as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction” or other risk reduction transaction, persons subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to our common units being taken into account in an applicable financial statement and persons deemed to sell their units under the constructive sale provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, the discussion only comments, to a limited extent, on state, local and foreign tax consequences. Accordingly, we encourage each prospective common unitholder to consult his own tax advisor in analyzing the state, local and foreign tax consequences particular to him of the ownership or disposition of our common units and potential changes in applicable laws, including the impact of U.S. tax reform legislation.

No ruling has been requested from Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) regarding our characterization as a partnership for tax purposes. Instead, we will rely on opinions of Latham & Watkins LLP. Unlike a ruling, an opinion of counsel represents only that counsel’s best legal judgment and does not bind the IRS or the courts. Accordingly, the opinions and statements made herein may not be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS. Any contest of this sort with the IRS may materially and adversely impact the market for our common units, including the prices at which our common units trade. In addition, the costs of any contest with the IRS, principally legal, accounting and related fees, will result in a reduction in cash available for distribution to our unitholders and thus will be borne indirectly by our unitholders. Furthermore, the tax treatment of us, or of an investment in us, may be significantly modified by future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions. Any modifications may or may not be retroactively applied.

All statements as to matters of U.S. federal income tax law and legal conclusions with respect thereto, but not as to factual matters, contained in this section, unless otherwise noted, are the opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP and are based on the accuracy of the representations made by us.

Notwithstanding the above, and for the reasons described below, Latham & Watkins LLP has not rendered an opinion with respect to the following specific U.S. federal income tax issues: (i) the treatment of a unitholder

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whose common units are loaned to a short seller to cover a short sale of common units (please read “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership—Treatment of Short Sales”); (ii) whether all aspects of our method for allocating taxable income and losses is permitted by existing Treasury Regulations (please read “—Disposition of Common Units—Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees”); (iii) whether our method for taking into account Section 743 adjustments is sustainable in certain cases (please read “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership— Section 754 Election” and “—Uniformity of Units”); and (iv) whether percentage depletion will be available to a unitholder or the extent of the percentage depletion deduction (please read “—Tax Treatment of Operations—Depletion Deductions”).

Partnership Status

A partnership is not a taxable entity and incurs no U.S. federal income tax liability. Instead, each partner of a partnership is required to take into account his share of items of income, gain, loss and deduction of the partnership in computing his U.S. federal income tax liability, regardless of whether cash distributions are made to him by the partnership. Distributions by a partnership to a partner are generally not taxable to the partnership or the partner unless the amount of cash distributed to him is in excess of the partner’s adjusted basis in his partnership interest.

Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code provides that publicly traded partnerships will, as a general rule, be taxed as corporations. However, an exception, referred to as the “Qualifying Income Exception,” exists with respect to publicly traded partnerships of which 90% or more of the gross income for every taxable year consists of “qualifying income.” Qualifying income includes income and gains derived from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining, transportation and marketing of certain minerals and natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas and other products of a type that are produced in a petroleum refinery or natural gas processing plant, certain related hedging activities, certain activities that are intrinsic to other qualifying activities, and our allocable share of our subsidiaries’ income from these sources. Other types of qualifying income include interest (other than from a financial business), dividends, real property rents, gains from the sale of real property and gains from the sale or other disposition of capital assets held for the production of income that otherwise constitutes qualifying income. We estimate that less than 1% of our current gross income is not qualifying income; however, this estimate could change from time to time. Based upon and subject to this estimate, the factual representations made by us and our general partner and a review of the applicable legal authorities, Latham & Watkins LLP is of the opinion that at least 90% of our current gross income constitutes qualifying income. The portion of our income that is qualifying income may change from time to time.

The IRS has made no determination as to our status or the status of our operating subsidiaries for U.S. federal income tax purposes or whether our operations generate “qualifying income” under Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code. Instead, we will rely on the opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP on such matters. It is the opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP that, based upon the Internal Revenue Code, the Treasury Regulations, published revenue rulings and court decisions and the representations described below that:

• We will be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and

• Each of our operating subsidiaries will be treated as a partnership or will be disregarded as an entity separate from us for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

In rendering its opinion, Latham & Watkins LLP has relied on factual representations made by us and our general partner. The representations made by us and our general partner upon which Latham & Watkins LLP has relied include:

• Neither we nor any of the operating subsidiaries has elected or will elect to be treated, or is otherwise treated, as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

• For each taxable year, more than 90% of our gross income has been and will be income of the type that Latham & Watkins LLP has opined or will opine is “qualifying income” within the meaning of Section 7704(d) of the Internal Revenue Code; and

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• Each commodity hedging transaction that we treat as resulting in qualifying income has been and will be appropriately identified as a hedging transaction pursuant to the applicable Treasury Regulations, and has been and will be associated with oil, gas or products thereof that are held or to be held by us in activities of a type that Latham & Watkins LLP has opined or will opine result in qualifying income.

We believe that these representations have been true in the past, are true as of the date hereof and expect that these representations will continue to be true in the future.

If we fail to meet the Qualifying Income Exception, other than a failure that is determined by the IRS to be inadvertent and that is cured within a reasonable time after discovery (in which case the IRS may also require us to make adjustments with respect to our unitholders or pay other amounts ), we will be treated as if we had transferred all of our assets, subject to liabilities, to a newly formed corporation, on the first day of the year in which we fail to meet the Qualifying Income Exception, in return for stock in that corporation, and then distributed that stock to the unitholders in liquidation of their interests in us. This deemed contribution and liquidation should be tax-free to unitholders and us so long as we, at that time, do not have liabilities in excess of the tax basis of our assets. Thereafter, we would be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

In addition, our general partner may, without unitholder approval, reorganize and cause us to be treated as an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or cause common units held by unitholders other than the general partner and its affiliates to be converted into or exchanged for interests in a newly formed entity taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes whose sole asset is interests in us. Any such event may be taxable or nontaxable to our unitholders, depending on the form of the transaction. Please read “The Partnership Agreement—Election to be Treated as a Corporation.”

If we were treated as an association taxable as a corporation in any taxable year, either as a result of a failure to meet the Qualifying Income Exception or otherwise, our items of income, gain, loss and deduction would be reflected only on our tax return rather than being passed through to our unitholders, and our net income would be taxed to us at corporate rates. In addition, any distribution made to a unitholder would be treated as taxable dividend income, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, or, in the absence of earnings and profits, a nontaxable return of capital, to the extent of the unitholder’s tax basis in his common units, or taxable capital gain, after the unitholder’s tax basis in his common units is reduced to zero.

Accordingly, taxation as a corporation would result in a material reduction in a unitholder’s cash flow and after-tax return and thus would likely result in a substantial reduction of the value of the units.

The discussion below is based on Latham & Watkins LLP’s opinion that we will be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Limited Partner Status

Unitholders of TXO Partners will be treated as partners of TXO Partners for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Also, unitholders whose common units are held in street name or by a nominee and who have the right to direct the nominee in the exercise of all substantive rights attendant to the ownership of their common units will be treated as partners of TXO Partners for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

A beneficial owner of our common units whose common units have been transferred to a short seller to complete a short sale would appear to lose his status as a partner with respect to those units for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please read “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership—Treatment of Short Sales.”

Income, gains, losses or deductions would not appear to be reportable by a unitholder who is not a partner for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and any cash distributions received by a unitholder who is not a partner for U.S. federal income tax purposes would therefore appear to be fully taxable as ordinary income. These holders are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences to them of holding common units in

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TXO Partners. The references to “unitholders” in the discussion that follows are to persons who are treated as partners in TXO Partners for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership

Flow-Through of Taxable Income

Subject to the discussion below under “—Entity-Level Collections,” we will not pay any U.S. federal income tax. Instead, each unitholder will be required to report on his income tax return his share of our income, gains, losses and deductions without regard to whether we make cash distributions to him. Consequently, we may allocate income to a unitholder even if he has not received a cash distribution. Each unitholder will be required to include in income his allocable share of our income, gains, losses and deductions for our taxable year ending with or within his taxable year. Our taxable year ends on December 31.

Treatment of Distributions

Distributions by us to a unitholder generally will not be taxable to the unitholder for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except to the extent the amount of any such cash distribution exceeds his tax basis in his common units immediately before the distribution. Our cash distributions in excess of a unitholder’s tax basis generally will be considered to be gain from the sale or exchange of the common units, taxable in accordance with the rules described under “—Disposition of Common Units.” Any reduction in a unitholder’s share of our liabilities for which no partner, including the general partner, bears the economic risk of loss, known as “nonrecourse liabilities,” will be treated as a distribution by us of cash to that unitholder. To the extent our distributions cause a unitholder’s “at-risk” amount to be less than zero at the end of any taxable year, he must recapture any losses deducted in previous years. Please read “—Limitations on Deductibility of Losses.”

A decrease in a unitholder’s percentage interest in us because of our issuance of additional common units will decrease his share of our nonrecourse liabilities, and thus will result in a corresponding deemed distribution of cash. This deemed distribution may constitute a non-pro rata distribution. A non-pro rata distribution of money or property may result in ordinary income to a unitholder, regardless of his tax basis in his common units, if the distribution reduces the unitholder’s share of our “unrealized receivables,” including depreciation recapture, depletion recapture, intangible drilling costs and/or substantially appreciated “inventory items,” each as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, and collectively, “Section 751 Assets.” To that extent, the unitholder will be treated as having been distributed his proportionate share of the Section 751 Assets and then having exchanged those assets with us in return for the non-pro rata portion of the actual distribution made to him. This latter deemed exchange will generally result in the unitholder’s realization of ordinary income, which will equal the excess of (i) the non-pro rata portion of that distribution over (ii) the unitholder’s tax basis (often zero) for the share of Section 751 Assets deemed relinquished in the exchange.

Basis of Common Units.

A unitholder’s initial tax basis for his common units will be the amount he paid for the common units plus his share of our nonrecourse liabilities. That basis will be increased by his share of our income, by any increases in his share of our nonrecourse liabilities and, on the disposition of a common unit, by his share of certain items related to business interest not yet deductible by him due to applicable limitations. Please read “—Limitations on Interest Deductions.” That basis will be decreased, but not below zero, by distributions from us, by the unitholder’s share of our losses, by depletion deductions taken by him to the extent such deductions do not exceed his proportionate share of the adjusted tax basis of the underlying properties, by any decreases in his share of our nonrecourse liabilities, by his share of our excess business interest (generally, the excess of our business interest over the amount that is deductible) and by his share of our expenditures that are not deductible in computing taxable income and are not required to be capitalized. A unitholder will have a share, generally based on his share of profits, of our nonrecourse liabilities. Please read “—Disposition of Common Units—Recognition of Gain or Loss.”

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Limitations on Deductibility of Losses

The deduction by a unitholder of his share of our losses will be limited to the tax basis in his units and, in the case of an individual unitholder, estate, trust, or corporate unitholder (if more than 50% of the value of the corporate unitholder’s stock is owned directly or indirectly by or for five or fewer individuals or some tax-exempt organizations ) to the amount for which the unitholder is considered to be “at risk” with respect to our activities, if that is less than his tax basis. A common unitholder subject to these limitations must recapture losses deducted in previous years to the extent that distributions cause his at-risk amount to be less than zero at the end of any taxable year. Losses disallowed to a unitholder or recaptured as a result of these limitations will carry forward and will be allowable as a deduction to the extent that his at-risk amount is subsequently increased, provided such losses do not exceed such common unitholder’s tax basis in his common units. Upon the taxable disposition of a common unit, any gain recognized by a unitholder can be offset by losses that were previously suspended by the at-risk limitation but may not be offset by losses suspended by the basis limitation. Any loss previously suspended by the at-risk limitation in excess of that gain would no longer be utilizable.

In general, a unitholder will be at risk to the extent of the tax basis of his units, excluding any portion of that basis attributable to his share of our nonrecourse liabilities, reduced by (i) any portion of that basis representing amounts otherwise protected against loss because of a guarantee, stop loss agreement or other similar arrangement and (ii) any amount of money he borrows to acquire or hold his units, if the lender of those borrowed funds owns an interest in us, is related to the unitholder or can look only to the units for repayment. A unitholder’s at-risk amount will increase or decrease as the tax basis of the unitholder’s units increases or decreases, other than tax basis increases or decreases attributable to increases or decreases in his share of our nonrecourse liabilities.

The at-risk limitation applies on an activity-by-activity basis, and in the case of oil and natural gas properties, each property is treated as a separate activity. Thus, a taxpayer’s interest in each oil or natural gas property is generally required to be treated separately so that a loss from any one property would be limited to the at risk amount for that property and not the at risk amount for all the taxpayer’s oil and natural gas properties. It is uncertain how this rule is implemented in the case of multiple oil and natural gas properties owned by a single entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, for taxable years ending on or before the date on which further guidance is published, the IRS will permit aggregation of oil or natural gas properties we own in computing a unitholder’s at risk limitation with respect to us. If a unitholder were required to compute his at risk amount separately with respect to each oil or natural gas property we own, he might not be allowed to utilize his share of losses or deductions attributable to a particular property even though he has a positive at risk amount with respect to his common units as a whole.

In addition to the basis and at-risk limitations on the deductibility of losses, the passive loss limitations generally provide that individuals, estates, trusts and some closely-held corporations and personal service corporations can deduct losses from passive activities, which are generally trade or business activities in which the taxpayer does not materially participate, only to the extent of the taxpayer’s income from those passive activities. The passive loss limitations are applied separately with respect to each publicly traded partnership. Consequently, any passive losses we generate will only be available to offset our passive income generated in the future and will not be available to offset income from other passive activities or investments, including our investments or a unitholder’s investments in other publicly traded partnerships, or the unitholder’s salary, active business or other income. Passive losses that are not deductible because they exceed a unitholder’s share of income we generate may be deducted in full when he disposes of his entire investment in us in a fully taxable transaction with an unrelated party. The passive loss limitations are applied after other applicable limitations on deductions, including the at-risk rules and the basis limitation.

A unitholder’s share of our net income may be offset by any of our suspended passive losses, but it may not be offset by any other current or carryover losses from other passive activities, including those attributable to other publicly traded partnerships.

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An additional loss limitation may apply to certain of our unitholders for taxable years ending before January 1, 2026. A non-corporate unitholder will not be allowed to take a deduction for certain excess business losses in such taxable years. An excess business loss is the excess (if any) of a taxpayer’s aggregate deductions for the taxable year that are attributable to the trades or businesses of such taxpayer (determined without regard to the excess business loss limitation or any deduction allowable for net operating losses, qualified business income or capital losses) over the aggregate gross income or gain of such taxpayer for the taxable year that is attributable to such trades or businesses (subject to certain limitations in the case of capital gains) plus a threshold amount. The current threshold amount is equal to $305,000, or $610,000 for taxpayers filing a joint return, and the threshold amount is adjusted annually. Any losses disallowed in a taxable year due to the excess business loss limitation may be used by the applicable unitholder in the following taxable year if certain conditions are met.

Unitholders to which this excess business loss limitation applies will take their allocable share of our items of income, gain, loss and deduction into account in determining this limitation. This excess business loss limitation will be applied to a non-corporate unitholder after the passive loss limitations and may limit such unitholders’ ability to utilize any losses we generate allocable to such unitholder that are not otherwise limited by the basis, at-risk and passive loss limitations described above.

Limitations on Interest Deductions

Our ability to deduct interest paid or accrued on indebtedness properly allocable to a trade or business, “business interest,” may be limited in certain circumstances. Should our ability to deduct business interest be limited, the amount of taxable income allocated to our unitholders in the taxable year in which the limitation is in effect may increase. However, in certain circumstances, a unitholder may be able to utilize a portion of a business interest deduction subject to this limitation in future taxable years. Prospective unitholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the impact of this business interest deduction limitation on an investment in our common units.

In addition, the deductibility of a non-corporate taxpayer’s “investment interest expense” is generally limited to the amount of that taxpayer’s “net investment income.” Investment interest expense includes:

• interest on indebtedness properly allocable to property held for investment;

• our interest expense attributed to portfolio income; and

• the portion of interest expense incurred to purchase or carry an interest in a passive activity to the extent attributable to portfolio income.

The computation of a unitholder’s investment interest expense will take into account interest on any margin account borrowing or other loan incurred to purchase or carry a unit. Net investment income includes gross income from property held for investment and amounts treated as portfolio income under the passive loss rules, less deductible expenses, other than interest, directly connected with the production of investment income, but generally does not include gains attributable to the disposition of property held for investment or (if applicable) qualified dividend income. The IRS has indicated that the net passive income earned by a publicly traded partnership will be treated as investment income to its unitholders. In addition, the unitholder’s share of our portfolio income will be treated as investment income.

Entity-Level Collections

If we are required or elect under applicable law to pay any federal, state, local or foreign income tax on behalf of any unitholder or any former unitholder, we are authorized to pay those taxes from our funds. That payment, if made, will be treated as a distribution of cash to the unitholder on whose behalf the payment was made. If the payment is made on behalf of a person whose identity cannot be determined, we are authorized to treat the payment as a distribution to all current unitholders. We are authorized to amend our partnership agreement in the manner necessary to maintain uniformity of intrinsic tax characteristics of units and to adjust later distributions,

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so that after giving effect to these distributions, the priority and characterization of distributions otherwise applicable under our partnership agreement is maintained as nearly as is practicable. Payments by us as described above could give rise to an overpayment of tax on behalf of an individual unitholder in which event the unitholder would be required to file a claim in order to obtain a credit or refund.

Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction

In general, if we have a net profit, our items of income, gain, loss and deduction will be allocated among the unitholders in accordance with their percentage interests in us. If we have a net loss, that loss will be allocated to the unitholders in accordance with their percentage interests in us to the extent of their positive capital accounts, as adjusted for certain items in accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations.

Specified items of our income, gain, loss and deduction will be allocated to account for any difference between the tax basis and fair market value of any property contributed to us that exists at the time of such contribution, referred to in this discussion as the “Contributed Property.” The effect of these allocations, referred to as Section 704(c) Allocations, to a unitholder purchasing common units from us in this offering will be essentially the same as if the tax bases of our assets were equal to their fair market values at the time of this offering. In the event we issue additional common units or engage in certain other transactions in the future, “reverse Section 704(c) Allocations,” similar to the Section 704(c) Allocations described above, will be made to all of our unitholders immediately prior to such issuance or other transactions to account for the difference between the “book” basis for purposes of maintaining capital accounts and the fair market value of all property held by us at the time of such issuance or future transaction. However, it may not be administratively feasible to make the relevant adjustments to “book” basis and the relevant reverse Section 704(c) Allocations each time we issue common units, particularly in the case of small or frequent common unit issuances. If that is the case, we may use simplifying conventions to make those adjustments and allocations, which may include the aggregation of certain issuances of common units. Latham & Watkins LLP is unable to opine as to the validity of such conventions. In addition, items of recapture income will be allocated to the extent possible to the unitholder who was allocated the deduction giving rise to the treatment of that gain as recapture income in order to minimize the recognition of ordinary income by some unitholders. Finally, although we do not expect that our operations will result in the creation of negative capital accounts (subject to certain adjustments), if negative capital accounts (subject to certain adjustments) nevertheless result, items of our income and gain will be allocated in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate such negative balance as quickly as possible.

An allocation of items of our income, gain, loss or deduction, other than an allocation required by the Internal Revenue Code to eliminate the difference between a partner’s “book” capital account, credited with the fair market value of Contributed Property, and “tax” capital account, credited with the tax basis of Contributed Property, referred to in this discussion as the “Book-Tax Disparity,” will generally be given effect for U.S. federal income tax purposes in determining a partner’s share of an item of income, gain, loss or deduction only if the allocation has “substantial economic effect.” In any other case, a partner’s share of an item will be determined on the basis of his interest in us, which will be determined by taking into account all the facts and circumstances, including:

• his relative contributions to us;

• the interests of all the partners in profits and losses;

• the interest of all the partners in cash flow; and

• the rights of all the partners to distributions of capital upon liquidation.

Latham & Watkins LLP is of the opinion that, with the exception of the issues described in “—Section 754 Election” and “—Disposition of Common Units—Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees,” allocations under our partnership agreement will be given effect for U.S. federal income tax purposes in determining a partner’s share of an item of income, gain, loss or deduction.

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Treatment of Short Sales

A unitholder whose units are loaned to a “short seller” to cover a short sale of units may be considered as having disposed of those units. If so, he would no longer be treated for tax purposes as a partner with respect to those units during the period of the loan and may recognize gain or loss from the disposition.

As a result, during this period:

• any of our income, gain, loss or deduction with respect to those units would not be reportable by the unitholder;

• any cash distributions received by the unitholder as to those units would be fully taxable; and

• while not entirely free from doubt, all of these distributions would appear to be ordinary income.

Because there is no direct or indirect controlling authority on the issue relating to partnership interests, Latham & Watkins LLP has not rendered an opinion regarding the tax treatment of a unitholder whose common units are loaned to a short seller to cover a short sale of common units; therefore, unitholders desiring to assure their status as partners and avoid the risk of gain recognition from a loan to a short seller are urged to consult a tax advisor to discuss whether it is advisable to modify any applicable brokerage account agreements to prohibit their brokers from borrowing and loaning their units. The IRS has previously announced that it is studying issues relating to the tax treatment of short sales of partnership interests. Please also read “—Disposition of Common Units—Recognition of Gain or Loss.”

Tax Rates

Currently, the highest marginal U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income of individuals is 37% and the highest marginal U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to long-term capital gains (generally, capital gains on certain assets held for more than twelve months ) of individuals is 20%. Such rates are subject to change by new legislation at any time.

In addition, a 3.8% Medicare tax, or NIIT, is imposed on certain net investment income earned by individuals, estates and trusts. For these purposes, net investment income generally includes a unitholder’s allocable share of our income and gain realized by a unitholder from a sale of units. In the case of an individual, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (i) the unitholder’s net investment income or (ii) the amount by which the unitholder’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds $250,000 (if the unitholder is married and filing jointly or a surviving spouse), $125,000 (if the unitholder is married and filing separately) or $200,000 (in any other case). In the case of an estate or trust, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (i) undistributed net investment income, or (ii) the excess adjusted gross income over the dollar amount at which the highest income tax bracket applicable to an estate or trust begins for such taxable year. The U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS have issued Treasury Regulations that provide guidance regarding the NIIT. Prospective common unitholders are urged to consult with their tax advisors as to the impact of the NIIT on an investment in our common units.

For taxable years ending on or before December 31, 2025, a non-corporate unitholder is entitled to a deduction equal to 20% of its “qualified business income” attributable to us, subject to certain limitations. For purposes of this deduction, a unitholder’s “qualified business income” attributable to us is equal to the sum of:

• the net amount of such unitholder’s allocable share of certain of our items of income, gain, deduction and loss (generally excluding certain items related to our investment activities, including capital gains and dividends, which are subject to a U.S. federal income tax rate of 20%); and

• any gain recognized by such unitholder on the disposition of its units to the extent such gain is attributable to certain Section 751 assets, including depreciation recapture and “inventory items” we own.

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Prospective unitholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of this deduction and its interaction with the overall deduction for qualified business income.

Section 754 Election

We have made the election permitted by Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code. That election is irrevocable without the consent of the IRS. The election generally permits us to adjust a common unit purchaser’s tax basis in our assets (“inside basis”) under Section 743(b) of the Internal Revenue Code to reflect his purchase price. This election does not apply with respect to a person who purchases common units directly from us. The Section 743(b) adjustment belongs to the purchaser and not to other unitholders. For purposes of this discussion, the inside basis in our assets with respect to a unitholder will be considered to have two components: (i) his share of our tax basis in our assets (“common basis”) and (ii) his Section 743(b) adjustment to that basis.

We have adopted the remedial allocation method as to all our properties. Where the remedial allocation method is adopted, the Treasury Regulations under Section 743 of the Internal Revenue Code require a portion of the Section 743(b) adjustment that is attributable to recovery property that is subject to depreciation under Section 168 of the Internal Revenue Code and whose book basis is in excess of its tax basis to be depreciated over the remaining cost recovery period for the property’s unamortized Book-Tax Disparity. Under Treasury Regulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6), a Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to property subject to depreciation under Section 167 of the Internal Revenue Code, rather than cost recovery deductions under Section 168, is generally required to be depreciated using either the straight-line method or the 150% declining balance method. Under our partnership agreement, our general partner is authorized to take a position to preserve the uniformity of units even if that position is not consistent with these and any other Treasury Regulations. Please read “—Uniformity of Units.”

We depreciate the portion of a Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to unrealized appreciation in the value of Contributed Property, to the extent of any unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, using a rate of depreciation or amortization derived from the depreciation or amortization method and useful life applied to the property’s unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, or treat that portion as non-amortizable to the extent attributable to property that is not amortizable. This method is consistent with the methods employed by other publicly traded partnerships but is arguably inconsistent with Treasury Regulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6), which is not expected to directly apply to a material portion of our assets. To the extent this Section 743(b) adjustment is attributable to appreciation in value in excess of the unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, we will apply the rules described in the Treasury Regulations and legislative history. If we determine that this position cannot reasonably be taken, we may take a depreciation or amortization position under which all purchasers acquiring units in the same month would receive depreciation or amortization, whether attributable to common basis or a Section 743(b) adjustment, based upon the same applicable rate as if they had purchased a direct interest in our assets. This kind of aggregate approach may result in lower annual depreciation or amortization deductions than would otherwise be allowable to some unitholders. Please read “—Uniformity of Units.” A unitholder’s tax basis for his common units is reduced by his share of our deductions (whether or not such deductions were claimed on an individual’s income tax return) so that any position we take that understates deductions will overstate such unitholder’s basis in his common units, which may cause the unitholder to understate gain or overstate loss on any sale of such units. Please read “—Disposition of Common Units—Recognition of Gain or Loss.” Latham & Watkins LLP is unable to opine as to whether our method for taking into account Section 743 adjustments is sustainable for property subject to depreciation under Section 167 of the Internal Revenue Code or if we use an aggregate approach as described above, as there is no direct or indirect controlling authority addressing the validity of these positions. Moreover, the IRS may challenge our position with respect to depreciating or amortizing the Section 743(b) adjustment we take to preserve the uniformity of the units. If such a challenge were sustained, the gain from the sale of units might be increased without the benefit of additional deductions.

Subject to certain limitations, a Section 743(b) adjustment may create additional depreciable basis that is eligible for bonus depreciation under Section 168(k) to the extent the adjustment is attributable to depreciable property

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and not to goodwill or real property. However, because we may not be able to determine whether transfers of our units satisfy all of the eligibility requirements and due to other limitations regarding administrability, we may elect out of the bonus depreciation provisions of Section 168(k) with respect to basis adjustments under Section 743(b).

A Section 754 election is advantageous if the transferee’s tax basis in his units is higher than the units’ share of the aggregate tax basis of our assets immediately prior to the transfer.

Conversely, a Section 754 election is disadvantageous if the transferee’s tax basis in his units is lower than those units’ share of the aggregate tax basis of our assets immediately prior to the transfer. Thus, the fair market value of the units may be affected either favorably or unfavorably by the election. A basis adjustment is required regardless of whether a Section 754 election is made in the case of a transfer of an interest in us if we have a substantial built-in loss immediately after the transfer. Generally, a built-in loss is substantial if (i) it exceeds $250,000 or (ii) the transferee would be allocated a net loss in excess of $250,000 on a hypothetical sale of our assets for their fair market value immediately after a transfer of the interests at issue. In addition, a basis adjustment is required regardless of whether a Section 754 election is made if we distribute property and have a substantial basis reduction. A substantial basis reduction exists if, on a liquidating distribution of property to a unitholder, there would be a negative basis adjustment to our assets in excess of $250,000 if a Section 754 election were in place.

The calculations involved in the Section 754 election are complex and will be made on the basis of assumptions as to the value of our assets and other matters. For example, the allocation of the Section 743(b) adjustment among our assets must be made in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code. The IRS could seek to reallocate some or all of any Section 743(b) adjustment allocated by us to our tangible assets to goodwill instead. Goodwill, as an intangible asset, is generally nonamortizable or amortizable over a longer period of time or under a less accelerated method than our tangible assets. We cannot assure you that the determinations we make will not be successfully challenged by the IRS and that the deductions resulting from them will not be reduced or disallowed altogether. Should the IRS require a different basis adjustment to be made, and should, in our opinion, the expense of compliance exceed the benefit of the election, we may seek permission from the IRS to revoke our Section 754 election. If permission is granted, a subsequent purchaser of units may be allocated more income than he would have been allocated had the election not been revoked.

Tax Treatment of Operations

Accounting Method and Taxable Year

We use the year ending December 31 as our taxable year and the accrual method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Each unitholder will be required to include in income his share of our income, gain, loss and deduction for our taxable year ending within or with his taxable year. In addition, a unitholder who has a taxable year ending on a date other than December 31 and who disposes of all of his units following the close of our taxable year but before the close of his taxable year must include his share of our income, gain, loss and deduction in income for his taxable year, with the result that he will be required to include in income for his taxable year his share of more than twelve months of our income, gain, loss and deduction. Please read “—Disposition of Common Units—Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees.”

Depletion Deductions

Subject to the limitations on deductibility of losses discussed above (please read “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership—Limitations on Deductibility of Losses”), unitholders will be entitled to deductions for the greater of either cost depletion or (if otherwise allowable) percentage depletion with respect to our oil and natural gas interests. Although the Internal Revenue Code requires each unitholder to compute his own depletion allowance and maintain records of his share of the adjusted tax basis of the underlying property for depletion and other purposes, we intend to furnish each of our unitholders with information relating to this computation for U.S.

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federal income tax purposes. Each unitholder, however, remains responsible for calculating his own depletion allowance and maintaining records of his share of the adjusted tax basis of the underlying property for depletion and other purposes.

Percentage depletion is generally available with respect to unitholders who qualify under the independent producer exemption contained in Section 613A(c) of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify as an “independent producer” eligible for percentage depletion (and that is not subject to the intangible drilling and development cost deduction limits, please read “—Deductions for Intangible Drilling and Development Costs”), a unitholder, either directly or indirectly through certain related parties, may not be involved in the refining of more than 75,000 barrels of oil (or the equivalent amount of natural gas) on average for any day during the taxable year or in the retail marketing of oil and natural gas products exceeding $5.0 million per year in the aggregate.

Percentage depletion is calculated as an amount generally equal to 15% (and, in the case of marginal production, potentially a higher percentage) of the unitholder’s gross income from the depletable property for the taxable year. The percentage depletion deduction with respect to any property is limited to 100% of the taxable income of the unitholder from the property for each taxable year, computed without the depletion allowance. A unitholder that qualifies as an independent producer may deduct percentage depletion only to the extent the unitholder’s average net daily production of domestic crude oil, or the natural gas equivalent, does not exceed 1,000 barrels. This depletable amount may be allocated between oil and natural gas production, with 6,000 cubic feet of domestic natural gas production regarded as equivalent to one barrel of crude oil. The 1,000-barrel limitation must be allocated among the independent producer and controlled or related persons and family members in proportion to the respective production by such persons during the period in question.

In addition to the foregoing limitations, the percentage depletion deduction otherwise available is limited to 65% of a unitholder’s total taxable income from all sources for the year, computed without the depletion allowance, net operating loss carrybacks, or capital loss carrybacks. Any percentage depletion deduction disallowed because of the 65% limitation may be deducted in the following taxable year if the percentage depletion deduction for such year plus the deduction carryover does not exceed 65% of the unitholder’s total taxable income for that year.

The carryover period resulting from the 65% net income limitation is unlimited.

Unitholders that do not qualify under the independent producer exemption are generally restricted to depletion deductions based on cost depletion. Cost depletion deductions are calculated by (i) dividing the unitholder’s share of the adjusted tax basis in the underlying mineral property by the number of mineral common units (barrels of oil and thousand cubic feet, or Mcf, of natural gas) remaining as of the beginning of the taxable year and (ii) multiplying the result by the number of mineral common units sold within the taxable year. The total amount of deductions based on cost depletion cannot exceed the unitholder’s share of the total adjusted tax basis in the property.

All or a portion of any gain recognized by a unitholder as a result of either the disposition by us of some or all of our oil and natural gas interests or the disposition by the unitholder of some or all of his common units may be taxed as ordinary income to the extent of recapture of depletion deductions, except for percentage depletion deductions in excess of the tax basis of the property. The amount of the recapture is generally limited to the amount of gain recognized on the disposition.

The foregoing discussion of depletion deductions does not purport to be a complete analysis of the complex legislation and Treasury Regulations relating to the availability and calculation of depletion deductions by the unitholders. Further, because depletion is required to be computed separately by each unitholder and not by our partnership, no assurance can be given, and counsel is unable to express any opinion, with respect to the availability or extent of percentage depletion deductions to the unitholders for any taxable year. Moreover, the availability of percentage depletion may be reduced or eliminated if recently proposed (or similar) tax legislation

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is enacted. For a discussion of such legislative proposals, please read “—Recent Legislative Developments.” We encourage each prospective unitholder to consult his tax advisor to determine whether percentage depletion would be available to him.

Deductions for Intangible Drilling and Development Costs

We will elect to currently deduct intangible drilling and development costs, or IDCs. IDCs generally include our expenses for wages, fuel, repairs, hauling, supplies and other items that are incidental to, and necessary for, the drilling and preparation of wells for the production of oil, natural gas, or geothermal energy. The option to currently deduct IDCs applies only to those items that do not have a salvage value.

Although we will elect to currently deduct IDCs, each unitholder will have the option of either currently deducting IDCs or capitalizing all or part of the IDCs and amortizing them on a straight-line basis over a 60-month period, beginning with the taxable month in which the expenditure is made. If a non-corporate unitholder makes the election to amortize the IDCs over a 60-month period, no IDC preference amount in respect of those IDCs will result for alternative minimum tax purposes.

Integrated oil companies must capitalize 30% of all their IDCs (other than IDCs paid or incurred with respect to oil and natural gas wells located outside of the United States) and amortize these IDCs over 60 months beginning in the month in which those costs are paid or incurred. If the taxpayer ceases to be an integrated oil company, it must continue to amortize those costs as long as it continues to own the property to which the IDCs relate. An “integrated oil company” is a taxpayer that has economic interests in oil or natural gas properties and also carries on substantial retailing or refining operations. An oil or natural gas producer is deemed to be a substantial retailer or refiner if it is does not qualify as an independent producer under the rules disqualifying retailers and refiners from taking percentage depletion. Please read “—Depletion Deductions.”

IDCs previously deducted that are allocable to property (directly or through ownership of an interest in a partnership) and that would have been included in the adjusted tax basis of the property had the IDC deduction not been taken are recaptured to the extent of any gain realized upon the disposition of the property or upon the disposition by a unitholder of interests in us.

Recapture is generally determined at the unitholder level. Where only a portion of the recapture property is sold, any IDCs related to the entire property are recaptured to the extent of the gain realized on the portion of the property sold. In the case of a disposition of an undivided interest in a property, a proportionate amount of the IDCs with respect to the property is treated as allocable to the transferred undivided interest to the extent of any gain recognized. Please read “—Disposition of Common Units—Recognition of Gain or Loss.”

The election to currently deduct IDCs may be restricted or eliminated if recently proposed (or similar) tax legislation is enacted. For a discussion of such legislative proposals, please read “—Recent Legislative Developments.”

Lease Acquisition Costs

The cost of acquiring oil and natural gas leases or similar property interests is a capital expenditure that must be recovered through depletion deductions if the lease is productive. If a lease is proved worthless and abandoned, the cost of acquisition less any depletion claimed may be deducted as an ordinary loss in the year the lease becomes worthless. Please read “—Depletion Deductions.”

Geophysical Costs

The cost of geophysical exploration incurred in connection with the exploration and development of oil and natural gas properties in the United States are deducted ratably over a 24-month period beginning on the date that

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such expense is paid or incurred. The amortization period for certain geological and geophysical expenditures may be extended if recently proposed (or similar) tax legislation is enacted. For a discussion of such legislative proposals, please read “—Recent Legislative Developments.”

Operating and Administrative Costs

Amounts paid for operating a producing well are deductible as ordinary business expenses, as are administrative costs, to the extent they constitute ordinary and necessary business expenses that are reasonable in amount.

Tax Basis, Depreciation and Amortization

The tax basis of our assets will be used for purposes of computing depreciation, depletion and cost recovery deductions and, ultimately, gain or loss on the disposition of these assets. The U.S. federal income tax burden associated with the difference between the fair market value of our assets and their tax basis immediately prior to an offering will be borne by our unitholders holding interests in us prior to any such offering. Please read “— Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership— Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction.”

To the extent allowable, we may use the depreciation and cost recovery methods, including bonus depreciation to the extent available, that will result in the largest deductions being taken in the early years after assets subject to these allowances are placed in service. Please read “—Uniformity of Units.” Property we subsequently acquire or construct may be depreciated using accelerated methods permitted by the Internal Revenue Code.

If we dispose of depreciable or depletable property by sale, foreclosure or otherwise, all or a portion of any gain, determined by reference to the amount of depreciation and depletion previously deducted and the nature of the property, may be subject to the recapture rules and taxed as ordinary income rather than capital gain. Similarly, a unitholder who has taken cost recovery, depletion or depreciation deductions with respect to property we own will likely be required to recapture some or all of those deductions as ordinary income upon a sale of his interest in us. Please read “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership—Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction” and “—Disposition of Common Units—Recognition of Gain or Loss.”

The costs we incur in selling our units (called “syndication expenses”) must be capitalized and cannot be deducted currently, ratably or upon our termination. There are uncertainties regarding the classification of costs as organization expenses, which may be amortized by us, and as syndication expenses, which may not be amortized by us. The underwriting discounts and commissions we incur will be treated as syndication expenses.

Valuation and Tax Basis of our Properties

The U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of units will depend in part on our estimates of the relative fair market values, and the initial tax bases, of our assets. Although we may from time to time consult with professional appraisers regarding valuation matters, we will make many of the relative fair market value estimates ourselves. These estimates and determinations of basis are subject to challenge and will not be binding on the IRS or the courts. If the estimates of fair market value or determinations of basis are later found to be incorrect, the character and amount of items of income, gain, loss or deductions previously reported by unitholders might change, and unitholders might be required to adjust their tax liability for prior years and incur interest and penalties with respect to those adjustments.

Disposition of Common Units

Recognition of Gain or Loss

Gain or loss will be recognized on a sale of units equal to the difference between the amount realized and the unitholder’s tax basis for the units sold. A unitholder’s amount realized will be measured by the sum of the cash or the fair market value of other property received by him plus his share of our nonrecourse liabilities. Because

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the amount realized includes a unitholder’s share of our nonrecourse liabilities, the gain recognized on the sale of units could result in a tax liability in excess of any cash received from the sale.

Prior distributions on our common units that in the aggregate were in excess of cumulative net taxable income for a common unit and, therefore, decreased a unitholder’s tax basis in that common unit will, in effect, become taxable income if the common unit is sold at a price greater than the unitholder’s tax basis in that common unit, even if the price received is less than his original cost.

Except as noted below, gain or loss recognized by a unitholder, other than a “dealer” in units, on the sale or exchange of a unit will generally be taxable as capital gain or loss. Capital gain recognized by an individual on the sale of units held for more than twelve months will generally be taxed at the U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to long-term capital gains. However, a portion of this gain or loss, which will likely be substantial, will be separately computed and taxed as ordinary income or loss under Section 751 of the Internal Revenue Code to the extent attributable to assets giving rise to “unrealized receivables,” including potential recapture items such as depreciation, depletion, or IDC recapture, or to “inventory items” we own. Ordinary income attributable to unrealized receivables and inventory items may exceed net taxable gain realized upon the sale of a unit and may be recognized even if there is a net taxable loss realized on the sale of a unit. Thus, a unitholder may recognize both ordinary income and a capital loss upon a sale of units. Capital losses may offset capital gains and no more than $3,000 of ordinary income, in the case of individuals, and may only be used to offset capital gains in the case of corporations. Ordinary income recognized by a unitholder on disposition of our common units may be reduced by such unitholder’s deduction for qualified business income. Both ordinary income and capital gain recognized on a sale of units may be subject to the NIIT in certain circumstances.

Please read “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership—Tax Rates.”

The IRS has ruled that a partner who acquires interests in a partnership in separate transactions must combine those interests and maintain a single adjusted tax basis for all those interests. Upon a sale or other disposition of less than all of those interests, a portion of that tax basis must be allocated to the interests sold using an “equitable apportionment” method, which generally means that the tax basis allocated to the interest sold equals an amount that bears the same relation to the partner’s tax basis in his entire interest in the partnership as the value of the interest sold bears to the value of the partner’s entire interest in the partnership. Treasury Regulations under Section 1223 of the Internal Revenue Code allow a selling unitholder who can identify common units transferred with an ascertainable holding period to elect to use the actual holding period of the common units transferred. Thus, according to the ruling discussed above, a common unitholder will be unable to select high or low basis common units to sell as would be the case with corporate stock, but, according to the Treasury Regulations, he may designate specific common units sold for purposes of determining the holding period of units transferred. A unitholder electing to use the actual holding period of common units transferred must consistently use that identification method for all subsequent sales or exchanges of common units. A unitholder considering the purchase of additional units or a sale of common units purchased in separate transactions is urged to consult his tax advisor as to the possible consequences of this ruling and application of the Treasury Regulations.

Specific provisions of the Internal Revenue Code affect the taxation of some financial products and securities, including partnership interests, by treating a taxpayer as having sold an “appreciated” partnership interest, one in which gain would be recognized if it were sold, assigned or terminated at its fair market value, if the taxpayer or related persons enter(s) into:

• a short sale;

• an offsetting notional principal contract; or

• a futures or forward contract;

in each case, with respect to the partnership interest or substantially identical property.

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Moreover, if a taxpayer has previously entered into a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract or a futures or forward contract with respect to the partnership interest, the taxpayer will be treated as having sold that position if the taxpayer or a related person then acquires the partnership interest or substantially identical property. The Secretary of the Treasury is also authorized to issue regulations that treat a taxpayer that enters into transactions or positions that have substantially the same effect as the preceding transactions as having constructively sold the financial position.

Allocations between Transferors and Transferees

In general, our taxable income and losses will be determined annually, will be prorated on a monthly basis in proportion to the number of days in each month and will be subsequently apportioned among our unitholders in proportion to the number of common units owned by each of them as of the opening of the applicable exchange on the first business day of the month, which we refer to as the “Allocation Date.” However, gain or loss realized on a sale or other disposition of our assets other than in the ordinary course of business will be allocated among our unitholders on the Allocation Date in the month in which that gain or loss is recognized. As a result, a unitholder transferring units may be allocated income, gain, loss and deduction realized after the date of transfer.

The U.S. Department of Treasury and the IRS have issued Treasury Regulations that permit publicly traded partnerships to use a monthly simplifying convention that is similar to ours, but they do not specifically authorize all aspects of the proration method we have adopted.

Accordingly, Latham & Watkins LLP is unable to opine on the validity of this method of allocating income and deductions between transferor and transferee unitholders. If this method is not allowed under the Treasury Regulations, our taxable income or losses might be reallocated among the unitholders. We are authorized to revise our method of allocation between transferor and transferee unitholders, as well as unitholders whose interests vary during a taxable year.

A unitholder who owns common units at any time during a quarter and who disposes of them prior to the record date set for a cash distribution for that quarter will be allocated items of our income, gain, loss and deductions attributable to that quarter through the month of disposition but will not be entitled to receive that cash distribution.

Notification Requirements

A unitholder who sells any of his common units is generally required to notify us in writing of that sale within 30 days after the sale (or, if earlier, January 15 of the year following the sale). A purchaser of units who purchases units from another unitholder is also generally required to notify us in writing of that purchase within 30 days after the purchase. Upon receiving such notifications, we are required to notify the IRS of that transaction and to furnish specified information to the transferor and transferee. Failure to notify us of a purchase may, in some cases, lead to the imposition of penalties. However, these reporting requirements do not apply to a sale by an individual who is a citizen of the United States and who effects the sale or exchange through a broker who will satisfy such requirements.

Uniformity of Units

Because we cannot match transferors and transferees of common units, we must maintain uniformity of the economic and tax characteristics of the common units to a purchaser of these units. In the absence of uniformity, we may be unable to completely comply with a number of U.S. federal income tax requirements, both statutory and regulatory. A lack of uniformity can result from a literal application of Treasury Regulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6). Any non-uniformity could have a negative impact on the value of the common units. Please read “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership— Section 754 Election.”

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We depreciate the portion of a Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to unrealized appreciation in the value of Contributed Property, to the extent of any unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, using a rate of depreciation or amortization derived from the depreciation or amortization method and useful life applied to the property’s unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, or treat that portion as nonamortizable, to the extent attributable to property the common basis of which is not amortizable, consistent with the regulations under Section 743 of the Internal Revenue Code, even though that position may be inconsistent with Treasury Regulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6), which is not expected to directly apply to a material portion of our assets. Please read “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership—Section 754 Election.” To the extent that the Section 743(b) adjustment is attributable to appreciation in value in excess of the unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, we will apply the rules described in the Treasury Regulations and legislative history. If we determine that this position cannot reasonably be taken, we may adopt a depreciation and amortization position under which all purchasers acquiring units in the same month would receive depreciation and amortization deductions, whether attributable to common basis or a Section 743(b) adjustment, based upon the same applicable rate as if they had purchased a direct interest in our assets. If this position is adopted, it may result in lower annual depreciation and amortization deductions than would otherwise be allowable to some unitholders and risk the loss of depreciation and amortization deductions not taken in the year that these deductions are otherwise allowable. This position will not be adopted if we determine that the loss of depreciation and amortization deductions will have a material adverse effect on the unitholders. If we choose not to utilize this aggregate method, we may use any other reasonable depreciation and amortization method to preserve the uniformity of the intrinsic tax characteristics of any units that would not have a material adverse effect on the unitholders. In either case, and as stated above under “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership—Section 754 Election,” Latham & Watkins LLP has not rendered an opinion with respect to these methods. Moreover, the IRS may challenge any method of depreciating the Section 743(b) adjustment described in this paragraph. If this challenge were sustained, the uniformity of units might be affected, and the gain from the sale of units might be increased without the benefit of additional deductions. Please read “—Disposition of Common Units—Recognition of Gain or Loss.”

Tax-Exempt Organizations and Other Investors

Ownership of units by employee benefit plans, other tax-exempt organizations, non-resident aliens, foreign corporations and other foreign persons raises issues unique to those investors and, as described below to a limited extent, may have substantially adverse tax consequences to them. If you are a tax-exempt entity or a foreign person, you should consult your tax advisor before investing in our common units.

Employee benefit plans and most other organizations exempt from U.S. federal income tax, including IRAs and other retirement plans, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on unrelated business taxable income. Virtually all of our income allocated to a unitholder that is a tax-exempt organization will be unrelated business taxable income and will be taxable to it. Further, a tax-exempt organization with more than one unrelated trade or business (including by attribution from investments in a partnership, such as us, that is engaged in one or more unrelated trades or businesses ) must compute its unrelated business taxable income separately for each such trade or business, including for purposes of determining any net operating loss deduction. As a result, it may not be possible for tax-exempt organizations to use losses from an investment in us to offset taxable income from another unrelated trade or business.

Non-resident aliens and foreign corporations, trusts or estates that own common units will be considered to be engaged in business in the United States because of the ownership of such common units. As a consequence, they will be required to file federal tax returns to report their share of our income, gain, loss or deduction and pay U.S. federal income tax at regular rates on their share of our net income or gain. Moreover, under rules applicable to publicly traded partnerships, our quarterly distribution to foreign unitholders will be subject to withholding at the highest applicable effective tax rate. Each foreign unitholder must obtain a taxpayer identification number from the IRS and submit that number to our transfer agent on a Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or applicable substitute form in order to obtain credit for these withholding taxes. A change in applicable law may require us to change these procedures.

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In addition, because a foreign corporation that owns common units will be treated as engaged in a U.S. trade or business, that corporation may be subject to the U.S. branch profits tax at a rate of 30%, in addition to regular U.S. federal income tax, on its share of our earnings and profits, as adjusted for changes in the foreign corporation’s “U.S. net equity,” that is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business. That tax may be reduced or eliminated by an income tax treaty between the United States and the country in which the foreign corporate unitholder is a “qualified resident.” In addition, this type of unitholder is subject to special information reporting requirements under Section 6038C of the Internal Revenue Code.

A foreign unitholder who sells or otherwise disposes of a common unit will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized from the sale or disposition of that unit to the extent the gain is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the foreign unitholder. Gain on the sale or disposition of a common unit will be treated as effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business to the extent that a foreign unitholder would recognize gain effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business upon the hypothetical sale of our assets at fair market value on the date of the sale or exchange of that unit. Such gain shall be reduced by certain amounts treated as effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business attributable to certain real property interests, as set forth in the following paragraph.

Under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act, a foreign common unitholder (other than certain “qualified foreign pension funds” (or an entity all of the interests of which are held by such a qualified foreign pension fund), which generally are entities or arrangements that are established and regulated by foreign law to provide retirement or other pension benefits to employees, do not have a single participant or beneficiary that is entitled to more than 5% of the assets or income of the entity or arrangement and are subject to certain preferential tax treatment under the laws of the applicable foreign country), generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax upon the sale or disposition of a common unit if (i) he owned (directly or constructively applying certain attribution rules) more than 5% of our common units at any time during the five- year period ending on the date of such disposition and (ii) 50% or more of the fair market value of all of our assets consisted of U.S. real property interests at any time during the shorter of the period during which such unitholder held the common units or the five-year period ending on the date of disposition. Currently, more than 50% of our assets consist of U.S. real property interests and we do not expect that to change in the foreseeable future.

Therefore, foreign unitholders may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain from the sale or disposition of their units.

Upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of a common unit by a foreign unitholder, the transferee is generally required to withhold 10% of the amount realized on such sale, exchange or other disposition if any portion of the gain on such sale, exchange or other disposition would be treated as effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. The U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS have issued final regulations providing guidance on the application of these rules for transfers of certain publicly traded partnership interests, including transfers of our common units. Under these regulations, the “amount realized” on a transfer of our common units will generally be the amount of gross proceeds paid to the broker effecting the applicable transfer on behalf of the transferor, and such broker will generally be responsible for the relevant withholding obligations. Quarterly distributions made to our foreign unitholders may also be subject to withholding under these rules to the extent a portion of a distribution is attributable to an amount in excess of our cumulative net income that has not previously been distributed. The U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS have provided that these rules generally not apply to transfers of, or distributions on, our common units occurring on or after January 1, 2023. Prospective foreign unitholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the impact of these rules on an investment in our common units.

Additional withholding requirements may also affect certain foreign unitholders. Please read “—Administrative Matters—Additional Withholding Requirements.”

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Administrative Matters

Information Returns and Audit Procedures

We intend to furnish to each unitholder, within 90 days after the close of each calendar year, specific tax information, including a Schedule K-1, which describes his share of our income, gain, loss and deduction for our preceding taxable year. In preparing this information, which will not be reviewed by counsel, we will take various accounting and reporting positions, some of which have been mentioned earlier, to determine each unitholder’s share of income, gain, loss and deduction. We cannot assure you that those positions will yield a result that conforms to the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code, Treasury Regulations or administrative interpretations of the IRS. Neither we nor Latham & Watkins LLP can assure prospective common unitholders that the IRS will not successfully contend in court that those positions are impermissible. Any challenge by the IRS could negatively affect the value of the units.

A unitholder must file a statement with the IRS identifying the treatment of any item on his U.S. federal income tax return that is not consistent with the treatment of the item on our return.

Intentional or negligent disregard of this consistency requirement may subject a unitholder to substantial penalties.

The IRS may audit our U.S. federal income tax information returns. Adjustments resulting from an IRS audit may require each unitholder to adjust a prior year’s tax liability, and possibly may result in an audit of his return. Any audit of a unitholder’s return could result in adjustments not related to our returns as well as those related to our returns.

Partnerships generally are treated as separate entities for purposes of federal tax audits, judicial review of administrative adjustments by the IRS and tax settlement proceedings. The tax treatment of partnership items of income, gain, loss and deduction are determined in a partnership proceeding rather than in separate proceedings with the partners.

Pursuant to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, if the IRS makes audit adjustments to our income tax returns, it may assess and collect any taxes (including any applicable penalties and interest) resulting from such audit adjustment directly from us. Similarly, for such taxable years, if the IRS makes audit adjustments to income tax returns filed by an entity in which we are a member or a partner, it may assess and collect any taxes (including penalties and interest) resulting from such audit adjustment directly from such entity. Generally, we expect to elect to have our unitholders and former unitholders take such audit adjustment into account in accordance with their interests in us during the tax year under audit, but there can be no assurance that such election will be effective in all circumstances. If we are unable to have our unitholders and former unitholders take such audit adjustment into account in accordance with their interests in us during the tax year under audit, our current unitholders may bear some or all of the tax liability resulting from such audit adjustment, even if such unitholders did not own our units during the tax year under audit. If, as a result of any such audit adjustment, we are required to make payments of taxes, penalties and interest, our cash available for distribution to our common unitholders might be substantially reduced.

Additionally, pursuant to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, we are required to designate a partner, or other person, with a substantial presence in the United States as the partnership representative (“Partnership Representative”). The Partnership Representative has the sole authority to act on our behalf for purposes of, among other things, U.S. federal income tax audits and judicial review of administrative adjustments by the IRS. If we do not make such a designation, the IRS can select any person as the Partnership Representative. We have designated our general partner as our Partnership Representative. Further, any actions taken by us or by the Partnership Representative on our behalf with respect to, among other things, U.S. federal income tax audits and judicial review of administrative adjustments by the IRS, will be binding on us and all of our unitholders.

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Additional Withholding Requirements

Withholding taxes may apply to certain types of payments made to “foreign financial institutions” (as specially defined in the Internal Revenue Code) and certain other foreign entities. Specifically, a 30% withholding tax may be imposed on interest, dividends and other fixed or determinable annual or periodical gains, profits and income from sources within the United States (“FDAP Income”), or, subject to the proposed Treasury Regulations discussed below, gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of any property of a type that can produce interest or dividends from sources within the United States (“Gross Proceeds”) paid to a foreign financial institution or to a “non-financial foreign entity” (as specially defined in the Internal Revenue Code), unless (i) the foreign financial institution undertakes certain diligence and reporting, (ii) the non-financial foreign entity either certifies it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or furnishes identifying information regarding each substantial U.S. owner or (iii) the foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules. If the payee is a foreign financial institution and is subject to the diligence and reporting requirements in clause (i) above, it must enter into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury requiring, among other things, that it undertake to identify accounts held by certain U.S. persons or U.S.-owned foreign entities, annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on payments to noncompliant foreign financial institutions and certain other account holders. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing these requirements may be subject to different rules.

These rules generally apply to payments of FDAP Income currently and, while these rules generally would have applied to payments of relevant Gross Proceeds made on or after January 1, 2019, proposed Treasury Regulations eliminate these withholding taxes on payments of Gross Proceeds entirely. Unitholders generally may rely on these proposed Treasury Regulations until final Treasury Regulations are issued. Thus, to the extent we have FDAP Income that is not treated as effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (please read “—Tax-Exempt Organizations and Other Investors”), unitholders who are foreign financial institutions or certain other foreign entities, or persons that hold their common units through such foreign entities, may be subject to withholding on distributions they receive from us, or their distributive share of our income, pursuant to the rules described above.

Prospective common unitholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential application of these withholding provisions to their investment in our common units.

Nominee Reporting

Persons who hold an interest in us as a nominee for another person are required to furnish to us:

• the name, address and taxpayer identification number of the beneficial owner and the nominee;

• whether the beneficial owner is:

• a person that is not a U.S. person;

• a foreign government, an international organization or any wholly owned agency or instrumentality of either of the foregoing; or

• a tax-exempt entity;

• the amount and description of units held, acquired or transferred for the beneficial owner; and

• specific information including the dates of acquisitions and transfers, means of acquisitions and transfers, and acquisition cost for purchases, as well as the amount of net proceeds from dispositions.

Brokers and financial institutions are required to furnish additional information, including whether they are U.S. persons and specific information on units they acquire, hold or transfer for their own account. A penalty of $310 per failure, up to a maximum of $3,783,000 per calendar year, is imposed by the Internal Revenue Code for

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failure to report that information to us. The nominee is required to supply the beneficial owner of the units with the information furnished to us.

Accuracy-Related Penalties

Certain penalties may be imposed on taxpayers as a result of an underpayment of tax that is attributable to one or more specified causes, including: (i) negligence or disregard of rules or regulations, (ii) substantial understatements of income tax, (iii) substantial valuation misstatements and (iv) the disallowance of claimed tax benefits by reason of a transaction lacking economic substance or failing to meet the requirements of any similar rule of law. Except with respect to the disallowance of claimed tax benefits by reason of a transaction lacking economic substance or failing to meet the requirements of any similar rule of law, however, no penalty will be imposed for any portion of any such underpayment if it is shown that there was a reasonable cause for the underpayment of that portion and that the taxpayer acted in good faith regarding the underpayment of that portion.

With respect to substantial understatements of income tax, the amount of any understatement subject to penalty generally is reduced by that portion of the understatement which is attributable to a position adopted on the return: (A) for which there is, or was, “substantial authority”; or (B) as to which there is a reasonable basis and the relevant facts of that position are adequately disclosed on the return.

If any item of income, gain, loss or deduction included in the distributive shares of unitholders might result in that kind of an “understatement” of income for which no “substantial authority” exists, we must adequately disclose the relevant facts on our return. In addition, we will make a reasonable effort to furnish sufficient information for unitholders to make adequate disclosure on their returns and to take other actions as may be appropriate to permit unitholders to avoid liability for this penalty.

Recent Legislative Developments

The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships, including us, or an investment in our common units may be modified by administrative, legislative or judicial interpretation at any time. For example, from time to time, members of Congress and the President propose and consider substantive changes to the existing U.S. federal income tax laws that affect publicly traded partnerships, including the elimination of partnership tax treatment for publicly traded partnerships.

In recent years, legislation has been proposed that would reduce or eliminate certain key U.S. federal income tax incentives currently available to oil and natural gas exploration and production companies. Changes in such proposals include, but are not limited to, (i) the repeal of the percentage depletion allowance for oil and natural gas properties, (ii) the elimination of current deductions for intangible drilling and development costs, and (iii) an extension of the amortization period for certain geological and geophysical expenditures. It is unclear whether these or similar changes will be enacted and, if enacted, how soon any such changes could become effective. The passage of any legislation as a result of these proposals or any other similar changes in U.S. federal income tax laws could eliminate or postpone certain tax deductions that are currently available with respect to oil and natural gas exploration and development, and any such change could increase the taxable income allocable to our unitholders and negatively impact the value of an investment in our common units.

Any modification to the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations thereof may or may not be retroactively applied and could make it more difficult or impossible to meet the exception for us to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please read “—Partnership Status”. We are unable to predict whether any such changes will ultimately be enacted. However, it is possible that a change in law could affect us, and any such changes could negatively impact the value of an investment in our common units.

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State, Local, Foreign and Other Tax Considerations

In addition to U.S. federal income taxes, you will likely be subject to other taxes, such as state, local and foreign income taxes, unincorporated business taxes, and estate, inheritance or intangible taxes that may be imposed by the various jurisdictions in which we do business or own property or in which you are a resident. Although an analysis of those various taxes is not presented here, each prospective common unitholder should consider their potential impact on his investment in us. We currently own property or do business in New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Mississippi, among other states. New Mexico, Colorado, and Mississippi each impose a personal income tax. Texas does not currently impose a personal income tax on individuals, but it does impose an entity level tax (to which we will be subject) on corporations and other entities. As we make acquisitions or expand our business, we may control assets or conduct business in additional states that impose a personal income tax. Although you may not be required to file a return and pay taxes in some jurisdictions because your income from that jurisdiction falls below the filing and payment requirement, you will be required to file income tax returns and to pay income taxes in many of these jurisdictions in which we do business or own property and may be subject to penalties for failure to comply with those requirements. In some jurisdictions, tax losses may not produce a tax benefit in the year incurred and may not be available to offset income in subsequent taxable years. Some of the jurisdictions may require us, or we may elect, to withhold a percentage of income from amounts to be distributed to a unitholder who is not a resident of the jurisdiction. Withholding, the amount of which may be greater or less than a particular unitholder’s income tax liability to the jurisdiction, generally does not relieve a nonresident unitholder from the obligation to file an income tax return. Amounts withheld will be treated as if distributed to unitholders for purposes of determining the amounts distributed by us. Please read “—Tax Consequences of Unit Ownership— Entity-Level Collections.” Based on current law and our estimate of our future operations, our general partner anticipates that any amounts required to be withheld will not be material.

It is the responsibility of each unitholder to investigate the legal and tax consequences, under the laws of pertinent states, localities and foreign jurisdictions, of his investment in us.

Accordingly, each prospective common unitholder is urged to consult his own tax counsel or other advisor with regard to those matters. Further, it is the responsibility of each unitholder to file all state, local and foreign, as well as U.S. federal tax returns, that may be required of him. Latham & Watkins LLP has not rendered an opinion on the state tax, local tax, alternative minimum tax or foreign tax consequences of an investment in us.

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INVESTMENT IN TXO PARTNERS, L.P. BY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

An investment in our securities by an employee benefit plan is subject to additional considerations because the investments of these plans are subject to the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA, restrictions imposed by Section 4975 of the Code, and/or provisions under any federal, state, local, non-United States or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of the Code or ERISA (collectively, “Similar Laws”). For these purposes the term “employee benefit plan” includes, but is not limited to, qualified pension, profit-sharing and stock bonus plans, Keogh plans, simplified employee pension plans and tax deferred annuities or IRAs and entities whose underlying assets are considered to include “plan assets” of such plans, accounts or arrangements. In considering an investment in our securities, among other things, consideration should be given to:

• whether the investment is prudent under Section 404(a)(1)(B) of ERISA and any other applicable Similar Laws;

• whether in making the investment, the plan will satisfy the diversification requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA and any other applicable Similar Laws;

• whether the investment is permitted under the terms of the applicable documents governing the employee benefit plan;

• whether in making the investment, the employee benefit plan will be considered to hold, as plan assets, (1) only the investment in our securities or (2) an undivided interest in our underlying assets;

• whether the investment will result in recognition of unrelated business taxable income by the plan and, if so, the potential after-tax investment return. Please read “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences—Tax-Exempt Organizations and Other Investors”; and

• whether making such an investment will comply with the delegation of control and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA, the Code and any other applicable Similar Laws.

The person with investment discretion with respect to the assets of an employee benefit plan, often called a fiduciary, should determine whether an investment in our securities is authorized by the appropriate governing instrument and is a proper investment for the plan.

Prohibited Transaction Issues

Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code prohibit employee benefit plans from engaging in specified transactions involving “plan assets” with parties that are “parties in interest” under ERISA or “disqualified persons” under the Code with respect to the employee benefit plan, unless an exemption is applicable. A party in interest or disqualified person who engages in a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code. In addition, the fiduciary of the ERISA plan that engaged in such a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to excise taxes, penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code.

Plan Asset Issues

In addition to considering whether the purchase of our securities is a prohibited transaction, a fiduciary of an employee benefit plan should consider whether the plan will, by investing in our securities, be deemed to own an undivided interest in our assets, with the result that our operations would be subject to the regulatory restrictions of ERISA, including its prohibited transaction rules, as well as the prohibited transaction rules of the Code and any other applicable Similar Laws.

The United States Department of Labor regulations provide guidance with respect to whether the assets of an entity in which employee benefit plans acquire equity interests would be deemed “plan assets” under some

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circumstances. Under these regulations, an entity’s assets would not be considered to be “plan assets” if, among other things:

(1) the equity interests acquired by employee benefit plans are publicly offered securities—i.e., the equity interests are widely held by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and each other, freely transferable and registered under some provisions of the federal securities laws;

(2) the entity is an “operating company”—i.e., it is primarily engaged in the production or sale of a product or service other than the investment of capital either directly or through a majority-owned subsidiary or subsidiaries; or

(3) there is no significant investment by “benefit plan investors,” which is defined to mean that less than 25% of the value of each class of equity interest, disregarding any such interests held by our general partner, its affiliates and certain persons, is held by the Employee Benefit Plans.

With respect to an investment in our common units, we believe that our assets should not be considered “plan assets” under these regulations because it is expected that the investment will satisfy the requirements in the first two bullet points above.

The foregoing discussion of issues arising for employee benefit plan investments under ERISA, the Code and applicable Similar Laws is general in nature and is not intended to be all inclusive, nor should it be construed as legal advice. Plan fiduciaries contemplating a purchase of our securities should consult with their own counsel regarding the consequences under ERISA, the Code and any other applicable Similar Laws in light of the serious penalties imposed on persons who engage in prohibited transactions or other violations.

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SELLING UNITHOLDERS

This prospectus also relates to the possible resale by certain of our unitholders, who we refer to in this prospectus as the “selling unitholders,” of up to 11,470,901 common units. The term “selling unitholders” includes the holders listed in the table below and their permitted transferees and assignees or other successors. Under our partnership agreement, we have agreed to register for resale under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws any common units or other partnership interests proposed to be sold by our general partner or any of its affiliates or their assignees if an exemption from the registration requirements is not otherwise available.

Except as set forth below, or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or in any applicable prospectus supplement, none of the selling unitholders has held any position or office with, been employed by, or otherwise has had a material relationship with us during the three years prior to the date of this prospectus. For additional information regarding relationships between us and the selling unitholders, see “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which information is incorporated by reference herein.

We have prepared the table below and the related notes based on information supplied to us by the selling unitholder and such information is as of March 1, 2024 (except as otherwise noted). We have not sought to verify such information. We believe, based on information supplied by the selling unitholder, that except as may otherwise be indicated in the footnotes to the table below, the selling unitholder has sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the common units reported as beneficially owned by it. Because the selling unitholder identified in the table may dispose of some or all of the common units owned by it that are included in this prospectus, and because there are currently no agreements, arrangements or understandings with respect to the sale of any of the common units, no estimate can be given as to the number of the common units available for resale hereby that will be held by the selling unitholder upon termination of this offering. In addition, the selling unitholder may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of, or may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, at any time and from time to time, the common units they hold in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act after the date on which the selling unitholder provided the information set forth in the table below. We have, therefore, assumed for the purposes of the following table, that the selling unitholder will sell all of the common units beneficially owned by it that are covered by this prospectus. The selling unitholder is not obligated to sell any of the common units offered by this prospectus. The percent of beneficial ownership for the selling security holders is based on 30,750,000 common units outstanding as of March 1, 2024.

	Common Units Beneficially Owned(1) Prior to the Offering					Common Units Offered Hereby		Common Units Beneficially Owned After Completion of the Offering
Selling unitholder	Number		Percentage					Number		Percentage
Luther King Capital Management(2)		2,591,930		8	%		2,591,930		—		—
Bob R. Simpson		4,400,000		14	%		4,400,000		—		—
Brent W. Clum(3)		369,406		1	%		369,406		—		—
Keith A. Hutton		3,122,215		10	%		3,122,215		—		—
Scott T. Agosta(4)		124,462		*			124,462		—		—
Phillip R. Kevil(5)		19,844		*			19,844		—		—
Rick J. Settle(6)		21,216		*			21,216		—		—
J. Luther King, Jr.(2)(7)		3,334,974		11	%		3,334,974		—		—
Bill H. Adams III(8)		78,784		*			78,784		—		—

* Represents less than 1%

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(1) Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Each of the holders listed has sole voting and investment power with respect to the common units beneficially owned by the holder unless noted otherwise, subject to community property laws where applicable. Unless otherwise noted, the address for each beneficial owner listed below is 400 W 7th St., Fort Worth, TX 76102.

(2) Represents (i) 1,189,400 common units held by LKCM Investment Partnership, L.P., (ii) 1,372,130 common units held by PDLP Morningstar, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of LKCM Private Discipline Master Fund, SPC and (iii) 30,000 common units held by a separately managed portfolio for which Luther King Capital Management Corporation (LKCM) serves as investment adviser.

LKCM Investment Partnership GP, LLC is the general partner of LKCM Investment Partnership, L.P., and J. Luther King, Jr. serves as the President and has voting and investment power over the securities held by LKCM Investment Partnership GP, LLC. LKCM Private Discipline Management, L.P. is the sole holder of management shares of LKCM Private Discipline Master Fund, SPC and J. Luther King has voting and investment power over the securities held by LKCM Private Discipline Management L.P.

Accordingly, J. Luther King may be deemed to share beneficial ownership of the common units held by each of LKCM Investment Partnership, L.P. and PDLP Morningstar, J. Luther King disclaims beneficial ownership of such common units. The principal address for each of the above referenced entities is 301 Commerce Street, Suite 1600, Fort Worth, Texas 76102.

(3) Includes 90,000 common units underlying phantom units. Each phantom unit is the economic equivalent of one common unit and will be settled in common units upon vesting.

(4) Includes 66,000 common units underlying phantom units.

(5) Includes 6,500 common units underlying phantom units. Includes 1,360 common units held by spouse.

(6) Includes 9,500 common units underlying phantom units.

(7) Includes 6,500 common units underlying phantom units.

(8) Includes 9,500 common units underlying phantom units.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We and the selling unitholders may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods or through underwriters or dealers, through agents and/or directly to one or more purchasers. The securities may be distributed from time to time in one or more transactions:

• at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

• at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

• at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or

• at negotiated prices.

Each time that we or any of the selling unitholders sell securities covered by this prospectus, we or the selling unitholders will provide a prospectus supplement or supplements that will describe the method of distribution and set forth the terms and conditions of the offering of such securities, including the offering price of the securities and the proceeds to us or the selling unitholders, if applicable.

Offers to purchase the securities being offered by this prospectus may be solicited directly. Agents may also be designated to solicit offers to purchase the securities from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities will be identified in a prospectus supplement.

Sale Through Underwriters or Dealers

If a dealer is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, the securities will be sold to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.

If an underwriter is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter at the time of sale and the name of any underwriter will be provided in the prospectus supplement that the underwriter will use to make resales of the securities to the public. In connection with the sale of the securities, we, or the selling unitholders, or the purchasers of securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for which they may act as agent. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, an agent will be acting on a best efforts basis and a dealer will purchase securities as a principal, and may then resell the securities at varying prices to be determined by the dealer.

Any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof and to reimburse those persons for certain expenses.

Any common unit will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, but any other securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange. To facilitate the offering of securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This

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may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.

We may engage in at-the-market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.

The specific terms of any lock-up provisions in respect of any given offering will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.

Direct Sales

We or the selling unitholders may sell the securities directly. In that event, no underwriters or agents would be involved. We or the selling unitholders may use electronic media, including the Internet, to sell offered securities directly.

Delayed Delivery or Forward Contracts

We or the selling unitholders may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers to purchase securities from us or the selling unitholders at the public offering price set forth in any applicable prospectus supplement under delayed delivery or forward contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future at prices determined as described in any applicable prospectus supplement.

At-the-Market Offerings

We, the selling unitholders or their respective underwriters, broker-dealers, or agents may make sales of the common units that are deemed to be an at-the-market offering as defined in Securities Act Rule 415, which includes sales of such common units made directly on or through the NYSE, the existing trading market for the common units, or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

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Remarketing

We or the selling unitholders may sell any of the securities in connection with a remarketing upon their purchase, in accordance with a redemption or repayment by their terms or otherwise by one or more remarketing firms acting as principals for their own accounts or as our or the selling unitholders’ agents. The name of any remarketing firm, the terms of any remarketing agreement and the compensation to be paid to the remarketing firm will be included in any applicable prospectus supplement as required. Remarketing firms may be deemed underwriters under the Securities Act.

Derivative Transactions

We or the selling unitholders may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If any applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third parties may use securities pledged by us or the selling unitholders or borrowed from us the selling unitholders, or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us or the selling unitholders in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third parties in these sale transactions will be underwriters and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in any applicable prospectus supplement or in a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. In addition, we or the selling unitholders may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.

Sales by the Selling Unitholders

We are registering 11,470,901 common units described in this prospectus to permit the resale of these securities by the selling unitholders from time to time after the date of this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by the selling unitholders of the securities.

The selling unitholders may act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, manner and size of each of their respective sales. The selling unitholders may make sales of the common units from time to time through one or more methods specified in this “Plan of Distribution” or through a combination of any of such methods or any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. These sales may be effected in one or more transactions, including:

• in the over-the-counter market or on the NYSE or any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the common units may be listed or quoted at the time of the sale;

• in transactions other than on such exchanges or services or in the over-the-counter market;

• in privately negotiated transactions;

• through distributions to the partners, members, unitholders or other security holders of the selling unitholders;

• through the writing of options (including the issuance by the selling unitholders of derivative securities), whether the options or such other derivative securities are listed on an options exchange or otherwise;

• through the settlement of short sales;

• through any combination of the foregoing; and

• through any other method permitted by law.

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The selling unitholders may offer and sell some or all of their respective common units included in this prospectus by or through a broker-dealer in one or more, or a combination, of the following methods, without limitation:

• purchases by the broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;

• a block trade in which the broker-dealer may attempt to sell the units as agent, but may resell all or a portion of the block as principal in order to facilitate the transaction;

• in a public auction;

• transactions in which a broker-dealer may agree with the selling unitholders to sell a specified number of such units at a stipulated price per unit;

• transactions in which the broker-dealer as agent solicits purchasers and ordinary brokerage transactions by the broker-dealer as agent; an offering at other than a fixed price on or through the facilities of any stock exchange on which the common units are then listed or to or through a market maker other than on that stock exchange; and

• any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

A selling unitholder that is an entity may elect to make a pro rata in-kind distribution of common units to its members, partners or shareholders pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part by delivering a prospectus. To the extent that such members, partners or shareholders are not affiliates of ours, such members, partners or shareholders would thereby receive freely tradeable common units pursuant to the distribution through the registration statement.

The Limited Partnership Agreements require us to indemnify and hold harmless in certain circumstances each selling unitholder, its officers, directors and each Person who controls such selling unitholder (within the meaning of the Securities Act) and any agent thereof, against certain liabilities to which they may become subject in connection with the sale of such securities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act. The Limited Partnership Agreements also requires each selling unitholders to indemnify and hold harmless us in certain circumstances against certain liabilities to which we may become subject in connection with the sale of such securities.

We have agreed to pay the expenses of the registration of the common units offered and sold by the selling unitholders under the registration statement. The selling unitholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions applicable to the common units sold by such selling unitholders and fees and expenses of their counsel and advisors.

Any selling unitholder that is a broker-dealer or an affiliate of a broker-dealer may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act. As a result, any profits derived by such selling unitholder on the sale of common units included in this prospectus and any discounts, commissions or concessions received by it may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Selling unitholders who are deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act will be subject to prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. Such selling unitholders may also be subject to certain statutory liabilities, including, but not limited to, Sections 11, 12 and 17 of the Securities Act.

General Information

In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters, dealers or agents may be deemed to have received compensation from us or the selling unitholders in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also receive commissions from securities purchasers for whom they may act as agent. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and the dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent. We

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will provide in any applicable prospectus supplement any required information regarding any underwriting discounts or other compensation that we or the selling unitholders pay to underwriters or agents in connection with the securities offering, and any discounts, concessions or commissions which underwriters allow to dealers.

We or the selling unitholders may have agreements with the agents, dealers and underwriters to indemnify them against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute with respect to payments that the agents, dealers or underwriters may be required to make because of those liabilities. Agents, dealers and underwriters, or their affiliates or associates, may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us or the selling unitholders in the ordinary course of their businesses.

Other than the common units, which are listed on the NYSE, each series of offered securities will have no established trading market. We may elect to list any series of offered securities on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a series of offered securities. However, they will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue market making at any time without notice. We cannot assure you as to the liquidity of, or the trading market for, any of our offered securities.

In connection with an offering, certain persons participating in the offering may make a market in the securities or engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the offered securities. This may include, among other transactions, over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involves the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than we or the selling unitholders sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option. As a result, the price of the securities may be higher than the price that might otherwise prevail in the open market. If these activities are commenced, these transactions may be discontinued at any time.

A prospectus and any applicable accompanying prospectus supplement in electronic form may be made available on the websites maintained by the underwriters. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of securities for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Such allocations of securities for internet distributions will be made on the same basis as other allocations. In addition, securities may be sold by the underwriters to securities dealers who resell securities to online brokerage account holders. To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended or supplemented from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution. The place and time of delivery for the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered may be set forth in any applicable accompanying prospectus supplement, if required.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Latham & Watkins LLP, Austin, Texas will pass upon certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the securities offered hereby on behalf of TXO Partners, L.P. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us, the selling unitholders or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of TXO Partners, L.P. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the three years ended December 31, 2023, have been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

Estimated quantities of proved oil and natural gas reserves of TXO Partners, L.P. and the net present value of such reserves as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 set forth in this prospectus are based upon reserve reports prepared by our internal reservoir engineers and evaluated by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates.

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TXO Partners, L.P.

5,000,000 Common Units

Representing Limited Partner Interests

Prospectus

Sole Book-Running Manager

Raymond James