Energous (WATT) 10-Q 2024 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-36379

ENERGOUS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	46-1318953
(State of incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3590 North First Street, Suite 210, San Jose, CA 95134

(Address of principal executive office) (Zip code)

(408) 963-0200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value	WATT	The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☑	Smaller reporting company	☑
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐          No ☑

As of November 7, 2024, there were 8,786,374 shares of our Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share, outstanding.

ENERGOUS CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

INDEX

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	32
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	32
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION	33
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	33
Item 1A. Risk Factors	33
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	33
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	33
Item 5. Other Information	33
Item 6. Exhibits	34

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Energous Corporation

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(unaudited)			(1)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,451	$	13,876
Restricted cash		—		60
Accounts receivable, net		152		102
Inventory		737		430
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		511		539
Total current assets		2,851		15,007
Property and equipment, net		404		429
Operating lease right-of-use assets		695		1,240
Total assets	$	3,950	$	16,676
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,538	$	1,879
Accrued expenses		956		1,254
Accrued severance expense		37		134
Warrant liability		207		620
Operating lease liabilities, current portion		767		707
Deferred revenue		11		27
Total current liabilities		3,516		4,621
Operating lease liabilities, long-term portion		—		557
Total liabilities		3,516		5,178
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; no shares issued or outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.		—		—
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 7,774,275 and 5,471,121 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.		1		1
Additional paid-in capital		396,744		393,539
Accumulated deficit		(396,311)		(382,042)
Total stockholders’ equity		434		11,498
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	3,950	$	16,676

(1) The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 was derived from the audited balance sheet as of that date.

Note: Share and per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the impact of a 1-for-20 reverse stock split effected in August 2023, as discussed in Note 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

3

Energous Corporation

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue	$	230	$	169	$	340	$	383
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		306		48		537		270
Research and development		1,701		2,460		6,489		8,419
Sales and marketing		699		774		2,391		3,074
General and administrative		1,022		1,699		4,443		5,764
Severance expense		83		269		1,377		359
Total costs and expenses		3,811		5,250		15,237		17,886
Loss from operations		(3,581)		(5,081)		(14,897)		(17,503)
Other income (expense), net:
Offering costs related to warrant liability		—		—		—		(592)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		159		788		413		2,685
Interest income		10		179		215		648
Total other income (expense), net		169		967		628		2,741
Net loss	$	(3,412)	$	(4,114)	$	(14,269)	$	(14,762)
Basic and diluted loss per common share	$	(0.50)	$	(0.86)	$	(2.21)	$	(3.30)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		6,834,170		4,762,187		6,446,274		4,467,436

Note: Share and per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the impact of a 1-for-20 reverse stock split effected in August 2023, as dicussed in Note 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

4

Energous Corporation

CONDENSED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for share amounts)

				Additional				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Equity
Balance as of January 1, 2024	5,471,121	$	1	$	393,539	$	(382,042)	$	11,498
Stock-based compensation - options	—		—		72		—		72
Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units (“RSUs”)	—		—		313		—		313
Stock-based compensation - employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”)	—		—		19		—		19
Issuance of shares for RSUs	16,775		—		—		—		—
Proceeds from contributions to the ESPP	—		—		36		—		36
Issuance of shares in an at-the-market (“ATM”) placement, net of $2 in issuance costs	27,870		—		47		—		47
Issuance of shares in a sale of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of $230 in issuance costs	570,000		—		1,770		—		1,770
Net loss	—		—		—		(6,599)		(6,599)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	6,085,766		1		395,796		(388,641)		7,156
Stock-based compensation - RSUs	—		—		159		—		159
Stock-based compensation - ESPP	—		—		(16)		—		(16)
Issuance of shares for RSUs	14,371		—		—		—		—
Net refunds due to ESPP participants	3,750		—		(33)		—		(33)
Pre-funded warrants exercised	450,409		—		—		—		—
Net loss	—		—		—		(4,258)		(4,258)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	6,554,296		1		395,906		(392,899)		3,008
Stock-based compensation - RSUs	—		—		128		—		128
Stock-based compensation - ESPP	—		—		1		—		1
Issuance of shares for RSUs	2,811		—		—		—		—
Proceeds from contributions to the ESPP	—		—		5		—		5
Issuance of shares in an ATM placement, net of $234 in issuance costs	1,217,168		—		704		—		704
Net loss	—		—		—		(3,412)		(3,412)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	7,774,275	$	1	$	396,744	$	(396,311)	$	434

				Additional				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Equity
Balance as of January 1, 2023	3,947,267	$	1	$	387,320	$	(362,675)	$	24,646
Stock-based compensation - options	—		—		21		—		21
Stock-based compensation - RSUs	—		—		476		—		476
Stock-based compensation - ESPP	—		—		25		—		25
Issuance of shares for RSUs	9,347		—		—		—		—
Proceeds from contributions to the ESPP	—		—		65		—		65
Issuance of shares in an ATM placement, net of $69 in issuance costs	182,511		—		2,675		—		2,675
Issuance of shares in a sale of common stock, net of $3,166 in issuance costs and fair value of liability warrant	412,500		—		134		—		134
Net loss	—		—		—		(6,653)		(6,653)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	4,551,625		1		390,716		(369,328)		21,389
Stock-based compensation - options	—		—		21		—		21
Stock-based compensation - RSUs	—		—		456		—		456
Stock-based compensation - performance share units (“PSUs”)	—		—		11		—		11
Stock-based compensation - ESPP	—		—		16		—		16
Issuance of shares for RSUs	34,075		—		—		—		—
Proceeds from contributions to the ESPP	16,341		—		1		—		1
Net loss	—		—		—		(3,995)		(3,995)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	4,602,041		1		391,221		(373,323)		17,899
Stock-based compensation - options	—		—		22		—		22
Stock-based compensation - RSUs	—		—		341		—		341
Stock-based compensation - PSUs	—		—		5		—		5
Stock-based compensation - ESPP	—		—		1		—		1
Issuance of shares for RSUs	11,249		—		—		—		—
Proceeds from contributions to the ESPP	—		—		3		—		3
Cash in lieu of fractional shares from reverse stock split	(1,857)		—		—		—		—
Issuance of shares in an ATM placement, net of $94 in issuance costs	435,561		—		883		—		883
Net loss	—		—		—		(4,114)		(4,114)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	5,046,994	$	1	$	392,476	$	(377,437)	$	15,040

Note: Share and per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the impact of a 1-for-20 reverse stock split effected in August 2023, as discussed in Note 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

5

Energous Corporation

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(14,269)	$	(14,762)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		148		138
Stock-based compensation		676		1,395
Inventory net realizable value adjustment		—		166
Allowance for credit losses		—		(13)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(413)		(2,685)
Offering costs allocated to warrants		—		592
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		(50)		36
Inventory		(307)		(260)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		28		(69)
Operating lease right-of-use assets		489		548
Accounts payable		(341)		(132)
Accrued expenses		(298)		(117)
Accrued severance expense		(97)		(214)
Operating lease liabilities		(441)		(534)
Deferred revenue		(16)		(5)
Net cash used in operating activities		(14,891)		(15,916)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(123)		(97)
Net cash used in investing activities		(123)		(97)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from an ATM offering		751		3,558
Net proceeds from a sale of common stock and warrant issuance		1,770		2,677
Proceeds from contributions to the ESPP		8		70
Net cash provided by financing activities		2,529		6,305
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(12,485)		(9,708)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning		13,936		26,287
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - ending	$	1,451	$	16,579
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Decrease in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities from incremental borrowing rate change	$	51	$	—
Increase in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities from lease modification	$	5	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

6

Note 1 - Business Organization, Nature of Operations

Description of Business

Energous Corporation d/b/a Energous Wireless Power Solutions (the “Company”) has developed scalable, over-the-air wireless power networks (“WPN”) technology, consisting of semiconductor chipsets, software controls, hardware designs and antennas, that enable radio frequency (“RF”) based charging for Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices. The WPN technology has a broad spectrum of capabilities to enable the next generation of wireless power networks, delivering power and data in a seamless device portfolio, enabling unprecedented levels of visibility, control, and intelligent business automation. This includes near field and at-a-distance wireless charging with multiple power levels at various distances. The Company’s wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies deliver continuous access to wireless power, helping drive a new generation of battery-free devices for asset and inventory tracking and management – from retail sensors, electronic shelf labels, and asset trackers, to air quality monitors, motion detectors, and more.

The Company believes its technology is innovative in its approach, in that the Company is developing solutions that charge IoT devices using RF technology. To date, the Company has developed and released to production multiple transmitters and receivers, including prototypes and partner production designs. The transmitters vary based on form, factor and power specifications and frequencies, while the receivers are designed to support a myriad of wireless charging applications including:

Device Type	Application
RF Tags	Cold Chain, Asset Tracking, Medical IoT
IoT Sensors	Cold Chain, Logistics, Asset Tracking
Electronic Shelf Labels	Retail and Industrial IoT

The first WPN end product featuring the Company’s technology entered the market in 2019. The Company started shipping its first at-a-distance wireless PowerBridges for commercial IoT applications and proofs of concept in the fourth quarter of 2021 and expects additional wireless power enabled products to be released as the Company’s business moves forward.

Reverse Stock Split

On June 14, 2023, at the Company’s 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock by a ratio not to exceed 1-for-20.

On August 15, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had determined to set the reverse stock split ratio at 1-for-20 and that the Company’s common stock would begin trading at the split-adjusted price beginning August 16, 2023. Upon effectiveness of the reverse stock split, every twenty shares of issued and outstanding common stock held were converted into one share of common stock. No fractional shares were distributed as a result of the reverse stock split and stockholders were entitled to a cash payment in lieu of fractional shares. Additionally, the par value of the Company’s common stock did not change.

All information presented herein, unless otherwise indicated herein, reflects the 1-for-20 reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, and unless otherwise indicated, all such amounts and corresponding conversion price or exercise price data set forth herein have been adjusted to give effect to such reverse stock split.

7

Note 2 – Liquidity and Management Plans

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded revenue of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded revenue of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded net losses of $3.4 million and $14.3 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded net losses of $4.1 million and $14.8 million, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities was $14.9 million and $15.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1.5 million. The Company is currently meeting its liquidity requirements through the proceeds of securities offerings, including the ATM Program (as defined in Note 7 below), which securities offerings generated aggregate net proceeds of $6.9 million during 2023 and $2.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Based on current operating levels, the Company will need to raise additional funds in the next 12 months by selling additional equity or incurring debt.

As the Company gains traction in the market with its new technology and continues to invest capital in transitioning and scaling the business from research and development of new technologies to commercial production, there can be no assurance that its available resources and revenue generated from its business operations will be sufficient to sustain its operations. Accordingly, the Company expects to pursue additional financing, which could include offerings of equity or debt securities, bank financings, commercial agreements with customers or strategic partners, and other alternatives, depending upon market conditions. There is no assurance that such financing will be available on terms that the Company would find acceptable, or at all. If the Company is unsuccessful in implementing this plan, the Company will be required to make further cost and expense reductions or modifications to its on-going and strategic plans.

The market for products using the Company’s technology is broad and evolving, but remains nascent and unproven, so the Company’s success is dependent upon many factors, including customer acceptance of its existing products, technical feasibility of future products, regulatory approvals, the development of complementary technologies, competition and global market fluctuations.

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the period presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024, or for other future periods.

These interim unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024. The accounting policies used in preparing these interim unaudited condensed financial statements are consistent with those described in the Company’s December 31, 2023 audited financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the fiscal year 2023 condensed balance sheet to conform to the fiscal year 2024 presentation. The reclassifications had no impact on total assets, total liabilities, or stockholders’ equity.

8

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported expenses during the reporting periods.

The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions include the valuation of stock-based compensation instruments, recognition of revenue, inventory valuation, fair value of warrant liabilities and the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. Some of these judgments can be subjective and complex, and, consequently, actual results may differ from these estimates. Although the Company believes that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time the estimates and assumptions were made. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash balances that may be uninsured or in deposit accounts that exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financial institutions. The Company reports restricted cash on its balance sheet to disclose the amount reserved for a specific purpose aside from ordinary business operations. The Company had restricted cash as collateral for the Company’s corporate credit card program which was discontinued during the second quarter of 2024. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying value of restricted cash was $0 and $0.1 million, respectively.

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a liability at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants is estimated using an appropriate valuation model. Such warrant classification is also subject to re-evaluation at each reporting period.

Offering costs associated with warrants classified as liabilities are expensed as incurred and are presented as offering cost related to warrant liability in the statement of operations. Offering costs associated with the sale of warrants classified as equity are charged against the proceeds received.

9

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Fair Value

The Company follows ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements” (“ASC 820”), which establishes a common definition of fair value to be applied when US GAAP requires the use of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires certain disclosure about such fair value measurements.

ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

● Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities to which the Company has access at a measurement date.

● Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; these include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists and for which the Company must develop its own assumptions regarding the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions regarding risk.

Because of the uncertainties inherent in the valuation of assets or liabilities for which there are no observable inputs, those estimated fair values may differ significantly from the values that may have been used had a ready market for the assets or liabilities existed.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, and accounts payable and accrued expenses, are an approximate of their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. The Company’s warrant liability recognized at fair value on a recurring basis is a level 3 measurement (see Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements).

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”).

In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue using the following five-step approach:

1. Identify the contract with a customer.

2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

3. Determine the transaction price of the contract.

4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

5. Recognize revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied.

10

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

The Company’s revenue consists of its single segment of wireless charging system solutions. The wireless charging system revenue consists of revenue from product development projects and production-level systems. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in revenue. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, in revenue.

The Company records revenue associated with product development projects that it enters into with certain customers. In general, these product development projects are complex, and the Company does not have certainty about its ability to achieve the project milestones. The achievement of a milestone is dependent on the Company’s performance obligation and requires acceptance by the customer. The Company recognizes this revenue at the point in time at which the performance obligation is met. The payment associated with achieving the performance obligation is generally commensurate with the Company’s effort or the value of the deliverable and is nonrefundable. Any deferred revenue is recognized upon achievement of the performance obligation or expiration of a support agreement.

Inventory

The Company follows ASC 330, “Inventory” (“Topic 330”) to account for its inventory, which includes finished goods ready for sale, work in process and raw materials, at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is calculated at the end of each reporting period and adjustment, if needed, is made. At the point of loss recognition, a new lower cost basis for that inventory is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in the new cost basis.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. For internally developed patents, all patent costs are expensed as incurred as research and development expense. Patent application costs, which are generally legal costs, are expensed as research and development costs until such time as the future economic benefits of such patents become more certain. The Company incurred research and development costs of $1.7 million and $6.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company incurred research and development costs of $2.5 million and $8.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to employees, board members and contractors in accordance with accounting guidance that requires awards to be recorded at their fair value on the date of grant and amortized over the vesting period of the award. The Company amortizes compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is typically the vesting term of the equity instrument issued.

Under the ESPP, employees may purchase a limited number of shares of the Company’s common stock at a 15% discount from the lower of the closing market prices measured on the first and last days of each half-year period. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for the fair value of the purchase options, as measured on the grant date.

Income Taxes

Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement. A liability for “unrecognized tax benefits” is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. As of September 30, 2024, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was required to be reported. The guidance from ASC 740, “Income Taxes” also discusses the classification of related interest and penalties on income taxes. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. No interest or penalties were recorded during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company files income tax returns with the United States, California, Texas and Arizona governments.

11

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants (using the treasury stock method), the vesting of RSUs and PSUs and the enrollment of employees in the ESPP. The computation of diluted loss per share excludes potentially dilutive securities of 1,950,212 and 597,020, as outlined in the table below, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

	For the three and	For the three and
	nine months ended	nine months ended
	September 30,	September 30,
	2024	2023
Warrants issued to investors	1,432,909	495,833
Options to purchase common stock	—	15,000
RSUs	517,303	83,687
PSUs	—	2,500
Total potentially dilutive securities	1,950,212	597,020

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the table above includes 1,020,409 warrants expiring on February 20, 2029, which have an exercise price of $1.84 per share and 412,500 warrants expiring on March 28, 2029, which, as of September 30, 2024, have an exercise price of $0.56 per share. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the table above includes 83,333 warrants that expired on March 1, 2024, which had an exercise price of $200 per share, and 412,500 warrants expiring on March 28, 2029, which, as of September 30, 2024, have an exercise price of $0.56 per share.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at the inception of the arrangement. The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption and recognizes lease payments in profit or loss at lease commencement for facility or equipment leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and do not include a purchase option whose exercise is reasonably certain. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities.

ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are measured and recorded at the later of the adoption date, January 1, 2019, or the service commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses the implicit interest rate when readily determinable; however, most leases do not establish an implicit rate, so the Company uses an estimate of the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the time of measurement. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. See Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies, Operating Leases for further discussion of the Company’s operating leases.

Segments

The Company has one operating segment and one reportable segment as its chief operating decision maker, who is its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, reviews financial information on a regular basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. All long-lived assets are located in the United States and substantially all revenue is attributed to customers based in the United States.

12

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Recently Issued Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting” (“Topic 280”), Improvements to Reportable Segment Reporting. This standard is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses This standard is effective for the Company’s annual fiscal period beginning January 1, 2024 and for the Company’s interim periods beginning January 1, 2025. Adoption of this standard will not likely have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes” (“Topic 740”), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This standard is intended to enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures to better assess how an entity’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. This standard is effective for the Company’s annual fiscal period beginning January 1, 2025. Adoption of this standard will not likely have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Management has reviewed other recently issued accounting pronouncements issued or proposed by the FASB and does not believe any of these accounting pronouncements has had or will have a material impact on the condensed financial statements.

Note 4 – Inventory

Below is a summary of the Company’s inventory as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Balance as of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	493	$	101
Work-in-process		—		52
Finished goods		244		277
Total	$	737	$	430

Note 5 – Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	Balance as of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued compensation	$	699	$	993
Accrued legal expenses		114		147
Other accrued expenses		143		114
Total	$	956	$	1,254

13

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

San Jose Lease

On May 20, 2022, the Company signed a lease amendment to the existing lease for its office space at its corporate headquarters in San Jose, California, extending the term of the lease for an additional three years. Upon signing the lease amendment, the Company recorded a new ROU lease asset of $2.1 million and operating lease liability of $2.1 million, using a present value discount rate of 3.0%, which was used as an incremental borrowing rate for a hypothetical fully collateralized real estate transaction. As of January 1, 2024, the discount rate was adjusted to 8% in order to reflect a realistic incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement. The adjustment created a one-time reduction to the ROU lease asset and operating lease liability of approximately $51,000. Upon expiration of the original lease on September 30, 2022, the new monthly lease payment starting October 1, 2022 is approximately $59,000, subject to annual escalations up to a maximum monthly lease payment of approximately $62,000. On July 31, 2024, the Company signed an additional lease amendment where the monthly payments through the remainder of 2024 were reduced to approximately $37,000 and the monthly payments from January 2025 through September 2025 were increased to approximately $76,000. No other changes were made to the existing lease. As a result of this amendment, the Company revalued its ROU lease asset to $0.8 million and its operating lease liability to $0.8 million on July 31, 2024. The Company recorded lease expense of $0.2 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company recorded lease expense of $0.2 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Operating Lease Commitments

The Company follows ASC 842, “Leases” (“Topic 842”) and recognizes the required ROU assets and operating lease liabilities on its balance sheet. The Company anticipates having future total lease payments of $0.8 million during the period from the fourth quarter of 2024 to the third quarter of 2025. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has total operating lease ROU assets of $0.7 million and current portion of operating lease liabilities of $0.8 million. The weighted average remaining lease term is 1.0 years as of September 30, 2024.

A reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to lease liabilities recognized as of September 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):

For the year ending December 31,	Amount
2024 (Remaining)	$	112
2025		686
Total future lease payments		798
Present value discount (8.0% weighted average)		(31)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	767

Hosted Design Software Agreement

In June 2024, the Company renewed an electronic design automation software in a hosted environment license agreement through the end of 2025 under which the Company is required to remit quarterly payments of approximately $52,000 through the fourth quarter of 2025. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded expense of approximately $52,000 and $500,000, respectively, under this agreement.

Litigations, Claims, and Assessments

The Company is from time to time involved in various disputes, claims, liens and litigation matters arising in the normal course of business. While the outcome of these disputes, claims, liens and litigation matters cannot be predicted with certainty, after consulting with legal counsel, management does not believe that the outcome of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s combined financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

14

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued

MBO Bonus Plan

On March 15, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), on the recommendation of the Board’s Compensation Committee (the “Compensation Committee”), approved the Energous Corporation MBO Bonus Plan (“Bonus Plan”) for executive officers of the Company. To be eligible to receive a bonus under the Bonus Plan, an executive officer must be continuously employed throughout the applicable performance period, in good standing, and achieve the performance objectives selected by the Compensation Committee.

Under the Bonus Plan, the Compensation Committee was responsible for selecting the amounts of potential bonuses for executive officers, the performance metrics used to determine whether any such bonuses would be paid and determining whether those performance metrics had been achieved.

The Company did not record any expense under the Bonus Plan during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2024. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, in expense under the Bonus Plan. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $0.5 million in bonuses earned during 2023 that had not yet been paid and was included in accrued expenses. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had paid all amounts accrued under the Bonus Plan.

On May 30, 2024, the Board, on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, approved the 2024 Corporate Bonus Plan (the “2024 Bonus Plan”), whereby employees’ bonuses will be based upon achievement of performance objectives set by the Compensation Committee and paid annually. Employees must be continuously employed throughout the applicable performance period and payment date and achieve the performance objectives.

Under the 2024 Bonus Plan, the Compensation Committee is responsible for selecting the amounts of potential bonuses for executive officers and vice presidents, the performance metrics used to determine whether any such bonuses will be paid and determining whether those performance metrics have been achieved. As of September 30, 2024, the Company recorded approximately $0.1 million under the 2024 Bonus Plan.

Severance and Change in Control Agreement

On March 15, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved a form of Severance and Change in Control Agreement that the Company may enter into with executive officers.

On May 30, 2024, the Compensation Committee approved a new form of Severance Agreement and Change in Control Agreement (“Severance Agreement”) that the Company may enter into with executive officers and vice presidents (each, an “Executive”). Under the Severance Agreement, if an Executive party thereto is terminated without cause or in a qualifying change in control termination, the Company agrees to pay the Executive three to twelve months of that Executive’s monthly base salary and 25% to 100% of the Executive’s target bonus, and to accelerate the vesting of 25% to 100% of the Executive’s unvested equity awards. If an Executive elects continued coverage under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended (“COBRA”) the Company will pay the full amount of the Executive’s premiums under the Company’s health, dental and vision plans, including coverage for the Executive’s eligible dependents, for the three-to-twelve-month period, as applicable, following the Executive’s termination.

15

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued

Executive Transition – Cesar Johnston

On March 26, 2024, the Company announced that Cesar Johnston was no longer serving as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective March 24, 2024. In connection with his cessation as an officer of the Company, Mr. Johnston was entitled to receive the benefits and payments set forth in the Amended and Restated Severance and Change in Control Agreement, dated December 6, 2021 (“Johnston Severance Agreement”), between the Company and Mr. Johnston. Accordingly, Mr. Johnston received (a) 18 months of his monthly salary plus the amount equal to 100% of his target bonus, (b) any outstanding unvested equity awards held by Mr. Johnston that were scheduled to vest during the next 18 months following the termination date, and (c) reimbursement for continued COBRA payments, if elected by Mr. Johnston, during the 18 months following the termination date. The Company recorded $1.2 million in total severance expense pertaining to Mr. Johnston’s departure during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, including $0.1 million in stock-based compensation as a result of accelerated vesting of RSUs and options (see Note 8 – Stock-Based Compensation for additional details).

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had accrued unpaid severance expense related to COBRA reimbursements of approximately $37,000 pertaining to the Johnston Severance Agreement, which is due to be paid through September 2025.

Mr. Johnston received approximately $8,000 in Director's fees for the period of March 28, 2024 through June 12, 2024, during which he did not serve as President and Chief Executive Officer but continued to serve as a member of the Board.

Executive Transition – William Mannina

On July 20, 2023, the Company announced the departure of William Mannina, former Acting Chief Financial Officer, effective August 16, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of a letter agreement between Mr. Mannina and the Company, Mr. Mannina received payments and benefits including cash severance payments equivalent to nine months of his then-current salary of approximately $266,000 and premium payments for continued healthcare coverage for nine months following his resignation effective date. Mr. Mannina’s restricted stock units continued to vest through August 16, 2023.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had no accrued unpaid severance expense pertaining to Mr. Mannina’s agreement.

Strategic Alliance Agreement

In November 2016, the Company and Dialog Semiconductor plc (“Dialog”), a related party, entered into a Strategic Alliance Agreement (“Alliance Agreement”) for the manufacture, distribution and commercialization of products incorporating the Company’s wire-free charging technology (“Licensed Products”). Pursuant to the terms of the Alliance Agreement, the Company agreed to engage Dialog as the exclusive supplier of the Licensed Products for specified fields of use, subject to certain exceptions (the “Company Exclusivity Requirement”). Dialog agreed to not distribute, sell or work with any third party to develop any competing products without the Company’s approval. In addition, both parties agreed on a revenue sharing arrangement and to collaborate on the commercialization of Licensed Products based on a mutually-agreed upon plan. Each party will retain all of its intellectual property rights.

The Alliance Agreement had an initial term of seven years, with automatic renewal annually thereafter unless terminated by either party upon 180 days’ prior written notice. The Company could terminate the Alliance Agreement at any time after the third anniversary of the Alliance Agreement upon 180 days’ prior written notice to Dialog, or if Dialog breached certain exclusivity obligations. Dialog could terminate the Alliance Agreement if sales of Licensed Products did not meet specified targets. The Company Exclusivity Requirement had a termination date of the earlier of January 1, 2021 or the occurrence of certain events relating to the Company’s pre-existing exclusivity obligations. The Company Exclusivity Requirement renewed automatically on an annual basis unless the Company and Dialog agreed to terminate the requirement.

On September 20, 2021, the Company was notified by Dialog, which had been recently acquired by Renesas Electronics Corporation (“Renesas”), that it was terminating the Alliance Agreement between the Company and Dialog. There is a wind down period included in the Alliance Agreement which concluded in September 2024. During the wind down period, the Alliance Agreement’s terms applied to the Company’s products that are covered by certain existing customer relationships, except that the parties’ respective exclusivity rights have terminated.

16

Note 7 – Capital Stock and Warrants

Authorized Capital

The holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote per share. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by the Board out of legally available funds. Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets of the Company that are legally available for distribution.

Financing

On September 15, 2020, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which became effective on September 24, 2020 (“Prior Shelf”), and contained two prospectuses: a base prospectus, which covered the offering, issuance and sale by the Company of up to $75 million of its common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, subscription rights to purchase its common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and/or units consisting of some or all of these securities; and an at-the-market sales agreement prospectus supplement covering the offering, issuance and sale by the Company of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $40 million of its common stock that may be issued and sold under the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, as amended, between the Company and B. Riley Securities, Inc. (the “Prior ATM Program”). The $40 million of common stock to be offered, issued and sold under the Prior ATM Program was included in the $75 million of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by the Company under the base prospectus. The Company sold shares which raised net proceeds of $38.8 million (net of $1.2 million in issuance costs) during the third and fourth quarters of 2020 under the Prior ATM Program.

On October 4, 2021, the Company filed a prospectus supplement covering the offering, issuance and sale of up to an additional $35 million of shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the Prior ATM Program. The Company raised net proceeds of $27.0 million (net of $0.9 million in issuance costs), during 2021 under the Prior ATM Program. During 2022, the Company raised an additional $0.7 million (net of $0.1 million in issuance costs) under the Prior ATM Program. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company raised $3.6 million (net of $0.2 million in issuance costs) under the Prior ATM Program. As of September 30, 2024, there is no amount remaining in the Prior Shelf due to its expiration on September 24, 2023.

On November 15, 2021, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which became effective on December 16, 2021. This shelf registration statement allows the Company to sell, from time to time, any combination of debt or equity securities described in the registration statement up to aggregate proceeds of $100 million. Pursuant to this registration statement, on March 28, 2023, the Company completed an underwritten offering pursuant to which it issued and sold an aggregate of (i) 412,500 shares of its common stock and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 412,500 shares of its common stock (the “2023 Warrants”), for net proceeds of $2.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commission and expenses payable by the Company. The 2023 Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and have a term of six years and an exercise price of $8.00. The Company allocated the proceeds received first to the 2023 Warrants based on the fair value of the 2023 Warrants as determined at initial measurement, with the remaining proceeds allocated to the Shares (see Note 9 – Warrant Liability and Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements). Pursuant to the terms of the 2023 Warrants, the exercise price was adjusted to $1.66 during 2023 and was further adjusted to $0.56 as of September 30, 2024.

On February 15, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor, providing for the issuance and sale by the Company in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”), of (i) 570,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 450,409 shares of common stock (referred to individually as a “Pre-Funded Warrant” and collectively as the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,020,409 shares of common stock (referred to individually as a “Warrant” and collectively as the “2024 Warrants”). Each share of common stock and Pre-Funded Warrant was offered and sold together with an accompanying 2024 Warrant at a combined price of $1.96 per share of common stock or Pre-Funded Warrant, as applicable. Each Pre-Funded Warrant and 2024 Warrant is exercisable at any time on or after the date of issuance to purchase one share of common stock at a price of either $0.001 per share, in the case of Pre-Funded Warrants, or $1.84 per share, in the case of 2024 Warrants. The Pre-Funded Warrants expired upon full exercise in April 2024, and the 2024 Warrants expire five years from the date of issuance. The Offering closed on February 20, 2024. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $1.8 million (net of $0.2 million in issuance costs).

17

Note 7 – Capital Stock and Warrants, continued

On June 21, 2024, the Company filed a prospectus supplement covering the offering, issuance and sale of up to $3.4 million in shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the At the Market Offering Agreement, dated June 21, 2024, between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Current ATM Program”, and together with the Prior ATM program, the “ATM Program”). In addition, on June 20, 2024, the Company provided notice of termination of the Prior ATM Program that the Company had entered into with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, as sales agent. The Company entered into the Current ATM Program discussed above to replace the Prior ATM Program. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold 1,217,168 shares of its common stock under the Current ATM Program for proceeds of approximately $0.7 million (net of commissions and other related offering expenses of approximately $0.2 million). As of September 30, 2024, the Company has approximately $2.5 million remaining on the Current ATM Program for potential future sales.

Common Stock Outstanding

The Company’s outstanding shares of common stock typically include shares that are deemed delivered under US GAAP. Shares that are deemed delivered currently include shares that have vested, but have not yet been delivered, under tax-deferred equity awards, as well as shares purchased under the ESPP where actual transfer of shares normally occurs a few days after the completion of the purchase periods. There are no voting rights for shares that are deemed delivered under US GAAP until the actual delivery of shares takes place. There are currently 200,000,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

The Company has reserved the following shares of common stock for future issuance:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Stock options outstanding		—		15,000
RSUs outstanding		517,303		71,734
Warrants outstanding		1,432,909		495,833
Shares available for issuance under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan		—		118,877
Shares available for issuance under the 2014 Non-employee Equity Compensation Plan		—		29,137
Shares available for issuance under the 2015 Performance Share Unit Plan		—		108,897
Shares available for issuance under the 2017 Equity Inducement Plan		—		51,084
Shares available for issuance under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan		284,758		—
Shares available for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan		17,166		14,716
Total		2,252,136		905,278

Note 8 – Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

2017 Equity Inducement Plan

On December 28, 2017, the Board approved the 2017 Equity Inducement Plan. Under the 2017 Equity Inducement Plan, the Board reserved 30,000 shares for the grant of RSUs. These grants will be administered by the Board or a committee of the Board. These awards will be granted to individuals who (a) are being hired as an employee by the Company or any subsidiary and such award is a material inducement to such person being hired; (b) are being rehired as an employee following a bona fide period of interruption of employment with the Company or any subsidiary; or (c) will become an employee of the Company or any subsidiary in connection with a merger or acquisition.

On July 20, 2022, the Board increased the number of shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance under the 2017 Equity Inducement Plan by 100,000 shares. On March 28, 2024, the Board increased the number of shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance under the 2017 Equity Inducement Plan by 121,510 shares. As of September 30, 2024, 62,802 shares of common stock remain available to be issued through outstanding RSUs under the 2017 Equity Inducement Plan. No new equity award grants are to be issued from the 2017 Equity Inducement Plan.

18

Note 8 – Stock-Based Compensation, continued

2024 Equity Incentive Plan

On June 12, 2024, the Energous Corporation 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”) was approved by stockholders for the issuance of equity incentive awards to eligible participants, which replaced the following equity plans of the Company: (i) the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, (ii) 2014 Non-Employee Equity Compensation Plan, (iii) the Performance Share Unit Plan and (iv) the 2017 Equity Inducement Plan (collectively, the “Prior Equity Plans”). All existing outstanding awards remain outstanding under the Prior Equity Plans, and an additional 456,000 shares of common stock were approved for issuance under the 2024 Plan.

As of September 30, 2024, 284,758 shares of common stock remain available for issuance under the 2024 Plan.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In April 2015, the Board approved the Energous Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), under which 30,000 shares of common stock were reserved for purchase by the Company’s employees, subject to the approval by the Company’s stockholders. On May 21, 2015, the Company’s stockholders approved the ESPP. On June 12, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the ESPP to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP by 6,200 shares. Under the ESPP, employees may designate an amount not less than 1% but not more than 10% of their annual compensation for the purchase of Company shares. No more than 375 shares may be purchased by an employee under the ESPP during an offering period. Excess contributions during an offering period are refunded to the employees. An offering period is six months in duration commencing on or about January 1 and July 1 of each year. The exercise price of options purchased under the ESPP is the lesser of 85% of the fair market of the common stock on the first business day of the offering period and 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the applicable exercise date.

As of September 30, 2024, 17,166 shares of common stock remain eligible to be issued under the ESPP. Employees contributed approximately $5,000 through payroll withholdings to the ESPP as of September 30, 2024 for the current offering period which concludes on December 31, 2024.

Stock Option Activity

In February 2022, the Board granted the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer 15,000 stock options at an exercise price of $25.40 per share with half of the options vesting on the second anniversary of the vesting start date and a quarter of the options vesting on each of the two following anniversaries. Under the former Chief Executive Officer’s Severance Agreement, unvested awards vesting within 18 months of termination were accelerated and became vested on March 26, 2024. Consequently, 3,750 options became vested and another 3,750 options were forfeited. This resulted in stock-based compensation expense of approximately $0 and $53,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, all stock options granted to the former Chief Executive Officer were forfeited.

No stock options were granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2024.

19

Note 8 – Stock-Based Compensation, continued

The following is a summary of the Company’s stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining
	Number of	Exercise		Life In	Intrinsic
	Options	Price		Years	Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2024	15,000	$	25.40	7.9	$	—
Granted	—		—	—		—
Exercised	—		—	—		—
Forfeited	(15,000)		25.40	—		—
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	—	$	—	—	$	—
Exercisable as of January 1, 2024	7,500	$	25.40	7.9	$	—
Vested	3,750		25.40	—		—
Exercised	—		—	—		—
Forfeited	(11,250)		25.40	—		—
Exercisable as of September 30, 2024	—	$	—	—	$	—

As of September 30, 2024, the unamortized fair value of stock options was $0.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Board granted its Interim Principal Executive officer and Chief Financial Officer 77,000 RSUs. Each RSU represents the contingent right to one share of common stock of the Company. The RSU awards vest over four years.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Compensation Committee granted directors an aggregate of 6,000 RSUs for service on the Board. These RSU awards vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant date.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Board granted employees an aggregate of 468,000 RSUs, which vest over four years.

Under the former Chief Executive Officer’s Severance Agreement, unvested RSUs vesting within 18 months of termination were accelerated and vested on March 26, 2024. Consequently, 3,017 RSUs vested resulting in stock-based compensation expense of approximately $0 and $77,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, the unamortized fair value of the RSUs was $0.9 million. The unamortized amount will be expensed over a weighted average period of 2.8 years. A summary of the activity related to RSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is presented below:

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant
		Date Fair
	Total	Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2024	71,734	$	24.65
RSUs granted	551,000		1.18
RSUs forfeited	(71,474)		4.61
RSUs vested	(33,957)		23.35
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	517,303	$	2.50

Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”)

PSUs are grants that vest upon the achievement of certain performance goals. The goals are commonly related to the Company’s revenue and achievement of sales and marketing goals.

20

Note 8 – Stock-Based Compensation, continued

On July 20, 2022, the Board granted the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer 14,350 PSUs under the Company’s 2015 Performance Share Unit Plan pursuant to the terms of the former executive’s offer letter with the Company (See Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies). The 14,350 PSUs that had been approved were to vest as follows: (a) up to 9,350 PSU shares would vest on December 31, 2022, subject to the former executive’s continued service as Chief Executive Officer and the achievement, to be determined in the Compensation Committee’s sole discretion, by the former executive of certain performance metrics previously determined by the Compensation Committee and approved by the Board, and (b) up to an additional 2,500 PSU shares would vest on each of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024, subject to continued service as Chief Executive Officer and the achievement, to be determined in the Compensation Committee’s sole discretion, of certain performance metrics.

There was no PSU activity for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The 2,500 PSU shares that were reserved for grant during 2024 per the former executive’s offer letter with the Company, as well as the 1,250 shares reserved for potential outperformance by the former executive of 2024 goals were returned to the 2015 Performance Share Unit Plan for future issuance upon the former executive’s termination of service with the Company.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The current offering period under the ESPP began on July 1, 2024 and will conclude on December 31, 2024. The recently completely offering period under the ESPP started on January 1, 2024 and concluded on June 30, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were two offering periods. The first offering period began on January 1, 2023 and concluded on June 30, 2023. The second offering period began on July 1, 2023 and concluded on December 31, 2023.

The weighted average grant-date fair value of the purchase option for each designated share purchased under the ESPP was approximately $0.63 per share and $4.05 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which represents the fair value of the option, consisting of three main components: (i) the value of the discount on the enrollment date, (ii) the proportionate value of the call option for 85% of the stock and (iii) the proportionate value of the put option for 15% of the stock. The Company recognized compensation expense for the ESPP of approximately $1,000 and $4,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company recognized compensation expense for the ESPP of approximately $1,000 and $42,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company estimated the fair value of ESPP purchase options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair values of ESPP purchase options granted were estimated using the following assumptions:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Stock price	$1.09-1.83		$4.80-16.72
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
Expected volatility	76%-112%		59%-67%
Risk-free interest rate	5.26%-5.37%		4.42%-5.47%
Expected life	6 months		6 months

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The total amount of stock-based compensation was reflected within the statements of operations as (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and development	$	35	$	139	$	194	$	558
Sales and marketing		67		85		217		293
General and administrative		27		145		135		544
Severance expense		—		—		130		—
Total	$	129	$	369	$	676	$	1,395

21

Note 9 – Warrant Liability

2023 Warrants

In March 2023, the Company issued 412,500 warrants to purchase up to 412,500 shares of its common stock. The 2023 Warrants have a six-year term and were exercisable upon issuance on March 28, 2023. Each 2023 Warrant was initially exercisable for one share of the Company’s common stock at a price of $8.00 per share. As of September 30, 2024, the exercise price was adjusted to $0.56 per share (subject to further adjustment in certain circumstances, including in the event of stock dividends and splits; recapitalizations; change of control transactions; and issuances or sales of, or agreements to issue or sell, shares of common stock or common stock equivalents at a price per share less than the then-applicable exercise price for the 2023 Warrants, including sales under the ATM Program, the “Exercise Price”).

In the event of certain transactions such as a merger, consolidation, tender offer, reorganization, or other change in control, if holders of common stock are given any choice as to the consideration to be received, the holder of each 2023 Warrant shall be given the same choice of alternate consideration. In the event of certain transactions that are not within the Company’s control, such as a merger, consolidation, tender offer, reorganization, or other change in control of the Company, each holder of a 2023 Warrant shall be entitled to receive the same form of consideration at the Black Scholes value of the unexercised portion of the 2023 Warrant that is being offered and paid to holders of common stock, including the option to exercise the 2023 Warrants on a “cashless basis”.

If the Company issues additional shares of common stock or equity-linked securities for a consideration per share less than the Exercise Price, then such Exercise Price will be reduced to a new lower price pursuant to the terms of the 2023 Warrants. Additionally, if the Exercise Price of any outstanding derivative securities is modified by the Company such that such security’s modified exercise price is below the Exercise Price, the Exercise Price will adjust downward pursuant to the terms of the 2023 Warrant. This provision would not apply for stock or stock equivalents which fall under shares that qualify for exempt issuance, such as if the Company adjusted the option exercise price for an option granted to an employee, officer, or director.

The Company accounted for the 2023 Warrants in accordance with the derivative guidance contained in ASC 815-40, as the warrants did not meet the criteria for equity treatment. The Company believes that the adjustments to the Exercise Price is based on a variable that is not an input to the fair value of a “fixed-for-fixed” option as defined under ASC 815-40, and thus the 2023 Warrants are not eligible for an exception from derivative accounting. As such, the 2023 Warrants were initially measured at fair value and recorded as a liability in the amount of $3.1 million. As of September 30, 2024, all 2023 Warrants were outstanding. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the warrant liability was $0.2 million. The Company recorded a change in fair value of the warrant liability of $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company recorded a change in fair value of the warrant liability of $0.8 million and $2.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

22

Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):

	Balance as of September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	1,451	$	—	$	—	$	1,451
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	207	$	207

	Balance as of December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	12,567	$	—	$	—	$	12,567
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	620	$	620

There were no transfers among Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 categories during the periods presented.

2023 Warrants

The Company utilizes a Monte Carlo simulation model for the 2023 Warrants at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in the statements of operations. The estimated fair value of the 2023 Warrant liability is determined using Level 3 inputs. Inherent in a Monte Carlo simulation model are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield.

The key inputs into the Monte Carlo simulation model for the 2023 Warrants are as follows:

	As of September 30,			As of June 30,			As of March 31,			As of September 30,			As of June 30,			As of March 31,
	2024			2024			2024			2023			2023			2023
Share price	$	0.59		$	1.09		$	2.03		$	1.60		$	4.80		$	10.80
Exercise price	$	0.56		$	1.66		$	1.66		$	1.66		$	8.00		$	8.00
Term (in years)		4.49			4.75			5.00			5.50			5.75			6.00
Volatility		85	%		85	%		85	%		75	%		65	%		65	%
Risk-free rate		3.6	%		4.4	%		4.2	%		4.6	%		4.1	%		3.6	%
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%

The change in the fair value of the 2023 Warrant liability was $0.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change in fair value of the 2023 Warrant liability was $2.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (see Note 9 – Warrant Liability).

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Beginning value	$	620	$	—
Initial valuation of new warrants		—		3,135
Change in value of warrant liability		(413)		(2,685)
Ending value	$	207	$	450

23

Note 11 – Customer Concentrations

Two customers accounted for approximately 85% of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and two customers accounted for approximately 74% of the Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Three customers accounted for approximately 75% of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and three customers accounted for approximately 67% of the Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Two customers accounted for approximately 89% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance as of September 30, 2024, and two customers accounted for approximately 88% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2023.

Note 12 – Subsequent Event

Current ATM

For the period October 1, 2024 through November 12, 2024, the Company sold 1,069,169 shares through its Current ATM, representing $0.6 million in net proceeds.

Agile Subordinated Loan Agreement

Effective October 1, 2024, the Company entered into a subordinated business loan agreement (the “Original Loan Agreement”) with Agile Capital Funding, LLC and Agile Lending, LLC (collectively, the “Lender”), which provided for an initial term loan of $525,000, with the ability to receive additional term loans of up to $1.6 million, subject to certain conditions (such loans, the “Term Loan”). Principal and interest on the initial term loan in the aggregate amount of $756,000 was to be repaid in weekly payments of $27,000 commencing on October 14, 2024 and fully repaid on or before the maturity date of April 21, 2025. The Term Loan would be expressly subordinated to the Company's obligations on certain senior indebtedness of the Company as provided in the Original Loan Agreement. Effective only upon the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under the Loan Agreement, the Company would grant the Lender a security interest in certain collateral, excluding intellectual property, of the Company as set forth in the Original Loan Agreement.

Effective November 5, 2024, the Company entered into an amended subordinated business loan agreement with the Lender (the “Amended Loan Agreement”) to refinance the Term Loan. The Amended Loan Agreement provides for a new term loan of $997,000, with the ability to receive additional term loans of up to $1.6 million, subject to certain conditions (such new loans, the “New Term Loan”). Principal and interest on the initial new term loan in the aggregate amount of $1,415,740 is to be repaid in weekly payments of approximately $39,000 and fully repaid on or before the maturity date of July 17, 2025. The proceeds of the New Term Loan were used to repay in full the Term Loan described above, which had a balance of $648,000 on November 5, 2024, and the remaining proceeds will be used for working capital. The New Term Loan will be expressly subordinated to the Company's obligations on certain senior indebtedness of the Company as provided in the Amended Loan Agreement. The Amended Loan Agreement replaces the Original Loan Agreement and otherwise contains substantially the same terms as the Original Loan Agreement.

Regulation A Offering

On October 11, 2024, the Company filed a Regulation A Offering Statement on Form 1-A with an offering of a maximum of 5,000,000 Units (the “Regulation A Offering”), with each Unit consisting of one share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and three common stock purchase warrants, two to each purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share and one to purchase one share of common stock at $2.00 per share, for an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (and 10,000,000 shares of common stock underlying the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock) and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share and 5,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share, at an offering price of $1.50 per Unit, for a maximum offering amount of $7,500,000. The Regulation A Offering is subject to qualification by the SEC.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”), unless the context otherwise requires the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Energous” refer to Energous Corporation d/b/a Energous Wireless Power Solutions, a Delaware corporation. This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are intended to be covered by the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements, which are based on certain assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies and expectations, can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terms such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “seek,” “intend,” “plan,” “continue,” “estimate,” “anticipate” or other comparable terms. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report regarding our strategies, prospects, financial condition, operations, costs, plans and objectives are forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding proposed business strategy; market opportunities; regulatory approval; expectations for current and potential business relationships; and expectations for revenues, liquidity cash flows and financial performance, the anticipated results of our research and development efforts, the timing for receipt of required regulatory approvals and product launches; and the impact of geopolitical, macroeconomic, health and other world events. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Forward-looking statements relate to the future and are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and generally outside of our control, so actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others: our ability to develop commercially feasible technology; timing of customer implementations of our technology in consumer products; timing and receipt of regulatory approvals in the United States and internationally; our ability to find and maintain development partners; market acceptance of our technology; competition in our industry; our ability to protect our intellectual property; competition; our ability to maintain or improve our financial position, cash flows, and liquidity and our expected financial needs; and other risks and uncertainties described in the Risk Factors and in Management’s Discussion and Analysis sections of our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, including this Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any of our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Overview

We have developed scalable, over-the-air wireless power networks (“WPN”) technology, consisting of semiconductor chipsets, software controls, hardware designs and antennas, that enable radio frequency (“RF”) based charging for Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices. The WPN technology has a broad spectrum of capabilities to enable the next generation of wireless power networks, delivering power and data in a seamless device portfolio, enabling unprecedented levels of visibility, control, and intelligent business automation. This includes near field and at-a-distance wireless charging with multiple power levels at various distances. Our wireless power transmitter and receiver technologies deliver continuous access to wireless power, helping drive a new generation of battery-free devices for asset and inventory tracking and management – from retail sensors, electronic shelf labels, and asset trackers, to air quality monitors, motion detectors, and more.

We believe our technology is innovative in its approach, in that we are developing solutions that charge IoT devices using RF technology. To date, we have developed and released to production multiple transmitters and receivers, including prototypes and partner production designs. The transmitters vary based on form, factor and power specifications and frequencies, while the receivers are designed to support a myriad of wireless charging applications, including:

Device Type	Application
RF Tags	Cold Chain, Asset Tracking, Medical IoT
IoT Sensors	Cold Chain, Logistics, Asset Tracking
Electronic Shelf Labels	Retail and Industrial IoT

The first WPN end product featuring our technology entered the market in 2019. We started shipping our first at-a-distance wireless PowerBridges for commercial IoT applications and proofs of concept in the fourth quarter of 2021, and we expect additional wireless power enabled products to be released as we move our business forward.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported expenses during the reporting periods.

Some of these judgments can be subjective and complex, and, consequently, actual results may differ from these estimates. Although we believe that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time the estimates and assumptions were made. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, management believes there have been no significant changes to the items that we disclosed within our critical accounting policies and estimates in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Results of Operations

Costs and Expenses

Cost of revenue consists of direct materials, direct labor and overhead for our production-level wireless charging systems. Research and development expenses include costs associated with our efforts to develop our technology, including personnel compensation, consulting, engineering supplies and components, intellectual property costs, regulatory expense and general office expenses specifically related to the research and development department. Sales and marketing expenses include costs associated with selling and marketing our technology to our customers, including personnel compensation, public relations, graphic design, tradeshow, engineering supplies utilized by the sales team and general office expenses specifically related to the sale and marketing department. General and administrative expenses include costs for general and corporate functions, including personnel compensation, facility fees, travel, telecommunications, insurance, professional fees, consulting fees, general office expenses, and other overhead.

Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

The following table sets forth selected Condensed Statements of Operations data (in thousands) and such data as a percentage of revenue:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2024				2023
Revenue	$	230	100	%	$	169	100	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		306	133	%		48	28	%
Research and development		1,701	740	%		2,460	1,456	%
Sales and marketing		699	304	%		774	458	%
General and administrative		1,022	444	%		1,699	1,005	%
Severance expense		83	36	%		269	159	%
Total operating expenses		3,811	1,657	%		5,250	3,107	%
Loss from operations		(3,581)	(1,557)	%		(5,081)	(3,007)	%
Other income:
Change in fair value of warrant liability		159	69	%		788	466	%
Interest income		10	4	%		179	106	%
Total other income		169	73	%		967	572	%
Net loss	$	(3,412)	(1,483)	%	$	(4,114)	(2,434)	%

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Revenue. During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we recorded revenue of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 consisted primarily of transmitter sales volume versus the majority of revenue being derived from non-recurring engineering fees and the sale of semiconductor chips during the same period in 2023. This shift in revenue focus represents the beginning of the Company’s transition from research and development to commercial production of its PowerBridge transmitters.

Costs and Expenses and Loss from Operations. Costs and expenses are made up of cost of revenue, research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative and severance expense. Loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $3.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively.

Cost of Revenue:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
Cost of sales	$	306		$	48		$	258		538	%
Percent of total revenue		133	%		28	%

Cost of revenue was $0.3 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The increase is primarily due to the cost of transmitters sold, as the initial sales of 2-watt PowerBridge transmitters that were shipped during the third quarter of 2024 were built in-house. We believe the cost of producing these transmitters will decrease in future quarters, as we utilize a contract manufacturer more often. During the same period in 2023, revenue generated by transmitter sales represented a small percentage of the total revenue for that period, as the revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 consisted mainly of non-recurring engineering fees for which the cost was included in research and development costs.

Research and Development Costs:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
Research and development	$	1,701		$	2,460		$	(759)		(31)	%
Percent of total revenue		740	%		1,456	%

Research and development costs were $1.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The decrease of $0.8 million is primarily due to a $0.3 million decrease in personnel-related expenses, consisting of a $0.2 million decrease in payroll costs and a $0.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation, a $0.2 million decrease in software costs, a $0.1 million decrease in engineering components and circuit boards, and a $0.1 million decrease in miscellaneous office and facility expenses.

Sales and Marketing Costs:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
Sales and marketing	$	699		$	774		$	(75)	(10)	%
Percent of total revenue		304	%		458	%

Sales and marketing costs for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The decrease of $0.1 million is primarily due to a $0.1 million decrease in personnel related costs due to reduced headcount.

General and Administrative Expenses:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
General and administrative	$	1,022		$	1,699		$	(677)	(40)	%
Percent of total revenue		444	%		1,005	%

General and administrative costs for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $1.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The decrease of $0.7 million is primarily due to a $0.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation from the former

27

CEO’s departure from the Company, a $0.2 million decrease in consulting and third-party fees, a $0.1 million decrease in insurance premiums, a $0.1 million decrease in accounting and audit fees and a $0.1 million decrease in legal fees.

Severance Expense:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
Severance expense	$	83		$	269		$	(186)	(69)	%
Percent of total revenue		36	%		159	%

Severance expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The severance expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was related to non-executive employees. The severance expense for the three months ended September 20, 2023 was related to the settlement of the departure by the former Chief Financial Officer.

Other income:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Change in fair value of warrant liability	$	159	$	788	$	(629)	(80)	%
Interest income		10		179		(169)	(94)	%
Total other income	$	169	$	967	$	(798)	(83)	%

Other income resulting from the change in fair value of the warrant liability was $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The changes for both periods were due to a lower market value of our common stock.

Interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $10,000 as compared to interest income of $179,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was due to a lower average cash balance in our savings account during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the prior year period.

Net Loss. As a result of the above, net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $3.4 million as compared to $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

The following table sets forth selected Condensed Statements of Operations data (in thousands) and such data as a percentage of revenue:

	Nine months ended September 30, 2024
	2024				2023
Revenue	$	340	100	%	$	383	100	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		537	158	%		270	70	%
Research and development		6,489	1,909	%		8,419	2,198	%
Sales and marketing		2,391	703	%		3,074	803	%
General and administrative		4,443	1,307	%		5,764	1,505	%
Severance expense		1,377	405	%		359	94	%
Total operating expenses		15,237	4,481	%		17,886	4,670	%
Loss from operations		(14,897)	(4,381)	%		(17,503)	(4,570)	%
Other (expense) income:
Offering costs related to warrant liability		—	—			(592)	(155)	%
Change in fair value of warrant liability		413	121	%		2,685	701	%
Interest income		215	63	%		648	169	%
Total other (expense) income		628	185	%		2,741	(716)	%
Net loss	$	(14,269)	(4,197)	%	$	(14,762)	(3,854)	%

28

Revenue. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we recorded revenue of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The decrease is due to a decrease in non-recurring engineering revenue. Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted primarily of transmitter sales volume versus the majority of revenue being derived from non-recurring engineering fees and the sale of semiconductor chips during the same period in 2023. This shift in revenue focus represents the beginning of the Company’s transition from research and development to commercial production of its PowerBridge transmitters.

Costs and Expenses and Loss from Operations. Costs and expenses are made up of cost of revenue, research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative and severance expense. Loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $14.9 million and $17.5 million, respectively.

Cost of Revenue:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
Cost of sales	$	537		$	270		$	267	99	%
Percent of total revenue		158	%		70	%

Cost of revenue was $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The increase is primarily due to the cost of transmitters sold, as the initial sales of 2-watt PowerBridge transmitters that were shipped during the second and third quarter of 2024 were built in-house. We believe the cost of producing these transmitters will decrease in future quarters, as we utilize a contract manufacturer more often. During the same period in 2023, revenue generated by transmitter sales represented a small percentage of the total revenue for that period, as the revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted mainly of non-recurring engineering fees for which the cost was included in research and development costs.

Research and Development Costs:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
Research and development	$	6,489		$	8,419		$	(1,930)	(23)	%
Percent of total revenue		1,909	%		2,198	%

Research and development costs were $6.5 million and $8.4 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The decrease of $1.9 million is primarily due to a $1.2 million decrease in employee compensation, consisting primarily of a $0.9 million decrease in personnel-related expenses and a $0.4 million decrease in stock-based compensation, a $0.4 million decrease in software and maintenance costs, a $0.1 million decrease in test development costs, a $0.1 million decrease in consulting and third-party expenses and a $0.1 million decrease in travel and miscellaneous office expenses, partially offset by a $0.1 million increase in engineering components and circuit boards.

Sales and Marketing Costs:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
Sales and marketing	$	2,391		$	3,074		$	(683)	(22)	%
Percent of total revenue		703	%		803	%

Sales and marketing costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $2.4 million and $3.1 million, respectively. The decrease of $0.7 million is primarily due to a $0.7 million decrease in employee compensation, consisting of a $0.6 million decrease in personnel related expenses due to a lower headcount within the department and a $0.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation, a $0.1 million decrease in tradeshow expense and a $0.1 million decrease in software, travel and miscellaneous office expenses, partially offset by a $0.3 million increase in consulting fees.

General and Administrative Expenses:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
General and administrative	$	4,443		$	5,764		$	(1,321)	(23)	%
Percent of total revenue		1,307	%		1,505	%

29

General and administrative costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $4.4 million and $5.8 million, respectively. The decrease of $1.3 million is primarily due to a $0.4 million decrease in stock-based compensation, a $0.3 million decrease in insurance premiums, a $0.3 million decrease in consulting and third-party service fees, a $0.2 million decrease in legal fees, a $0.1 million decrease in computer software and support and a $0.1 million decrease in travel and miscellaneous office expenses, partially offset by a $0.2 million increase in public relations and annual meeting costs.

Severance Expense:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
Severance expense	$	1,377		$	359		$	1,018	284	%
Percent of total revenue		405	%		94	%

Severance expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The increase of $1.0 million is primarily due to the departure of the former CEO during 2024 for which $1.2 million in severance expense was recorded, partially offset by $0.3 million in severance expense recorded during 2023 due to the departure of the former CFO.

Other (expense) income, net:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Offering costs related to warrant liability	$	—	$	(592)	$	592	100	%
Change in fair value of warrant liability		413		2,685		(2,272)	(85)	%
Interest income		215		648		(433)	(67)	%
Total other (expense) income, net	$	628	$	2,741	$	(2,113)	(77)	%

Offering costs related to warrant liability were $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. We did not incur such cost during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Other income resulting from the change in fair value of the warrant liability was $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The changes for both periods were due to a lower market value of our common stock

Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $0.2 million as compared to interest income of $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was due to a lower average cash balance in our savings account during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the prior year period.

Net Loss. As a result of the above, net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $14.3 million as compared to $14.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we recorded revenue of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. We incurred net losses of $14.3 million and $14.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities was $14.9 million and $15.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1.5 million. We are currently meeting our liquidity requirements through the proceeds of securities offerings that raised net proceeds of $2.5 million during 2024.

Based on current operating levels, we will need to raise additional funds in the next 12 months by selling additional equity or incurring debt.

As we gain traction in the market with our new technology and continue to invest capital in transitioning and scaling the business from research and development of new technologies to commercial production, there can be no assurance that our available resources and revenue generated from our business operations will be sufficient to sustain our operations.

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Accordingly, we expect to pursue additional financing, which could include offerings of equity or debt securities, bank financings, commercial agreements with customers or strategic partners, and other alternatives, depending upon market conditions. There is no assurance that such financing will be available on terms that we would find acceptable, or at all. If we are unsuccessful in implementing this plan, we will be required to make further cost and expense reductions or modifications to our on-going and strategic plans.

February 2024 Equity Offering

On February 15, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor, providing for the issuance and sale by us, in a registered direct offering (the “February 2024 Offering”), of (i) 570,000 shares of our common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 450,409 shares of common stock, and (iii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,020,409 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and pre-funded warrant was offered and sold together with an accompanying warrant at a combined price of $1.96 per share of common stock or pre-funded warrant, as applicable. The pre-funded warrants were exercised at a price of $0.001 per share during April 2024. The other warrants to purchase 1,020,409 shares of common stock are still outstanding and have an exercise price of $1.84 per share. These warrants expire five years from the date of issuance. We received net proceeds of approximately $1.8 million from the February 2024 Offering, after deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses.

2024 ATM Offering Program

On June 21, 2024, we entered into the At the Market Offering Agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as sales agent, pursuant to which we may issue and sell of up to $3.45 million in shares of the Company’s common stock (the “ATM Program”). During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold 1,217,168 shares of common stock under the ATM Program, respectively, for net proceeds of approximately $0.7 million (net of $0.2 million in commissions and issuance costs).

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had remaining capacity to issue up to approximately $2.5 million of common stock under the ATM Program.

Agile Subordinated Loan Agreement

Effective October 1, 2024, we entered into a subordinated business loan agreement (the “Original Loan Agreement”) with Agile Capital Funding, LLC and Agile Lending, LLC (collectively, the “Lender”), which provided for an initial term loan of $525,000, with the ability to receive additional term loans of up to $1.6 million, subject to certain conditions (such loans, the “Term Loan”). Principal and interest on the initial term loan in the aggregate amount of $756,000 was to be repaid in weekly payments of $27,000 commencing on October 14, 2024 and fully repaid on or before the maturity date of April 21, 2025. The Term Loan would be expressly subordinated to our obligations on certain senior indebtedness as provided in the Original Loan Agreement. Effective only upon the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under the Loan Agreement, we would grant the Lender a security interest in certain collateral, excluding intellectual property, of Energous Corporation as set forth in the Original Loan Agreement.

Effective November 5, 2024, we entered into an amended subordinated business loan agreement with the Lender (the “Amended Loan Agreement”) to refinance the Term Loan. The Amended Loan Agreement provides for a new term loan of $997,000, with the ability to receive additional term loans of up to $1.6 million, subject to certain conditions (such new loans, the “New Term Loan”). Principal and interest on the initial new term loan in the aggregate amount of $1,415,740 is to be repaid in weekly payments of approximately $39,000 and fully repaid on or before the maturity date of July 17, 2025. The proceeds of the New Term Loan were used to repay in full the Term Loan described above, which had a balance of $648,000 on November 5, 2024, and the remaining proceeds will be used for working capital. The New Term Loan will be expressly subordinated to our obligations on certain senior indebtedness of the Company as provided in the Amended Loan Agreement. The Amended Loan Agreement replaces the Original Loan Agreement and otherwise contains substantially the same terms as the Original Loan Agreement.

Regulation A Offering

On October 11, 2024, we filed a Regulation A Offering Statement on Form 1-A with an offering of a maximum of 5,000,000 Units (the “Regulation A Offering”), with each Unit consisting of one share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and three common stock purchase warrants, two to each purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share and one to purchase one share of common stock at $2.00 per share, for an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (and 10,000,000 shares of common stock underlying the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock) and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share and 5,000,000 shares of common stock at an

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exercise price of $2.00 per share, at an offering price of $1.50 per Unit, for a maximum offering amount of $7,500,000. The Regulation A Offering is subject to qualification by the SEC.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities - During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash flows used in operating activities were $14.9 million, consisting of a net loss of $14.3 million, less adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities aggregating $0.4 million (principally stock-based compensation of $0.7 million and depreciation and amortization of $0.1 million, partially offset by a change in fair value of warrant liability of $0.4 million), a $0.3 million decrease in accounts payable, a $0.3 million decrease in accrued expenses, a $0.3 million increase in inventory and a $0.1 decrease in accrued severance.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash flows used in operating activities were $15.9 million, consisting of a net loss of $14.8 million, plus adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities aggregating $0.4 million (principally stock-based compensation of $1.4 million, issuance costs allocated to warrant liability of $0.6 million, inventory net realizable adjustment of $0.2 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $0.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in fair value of the warrant liability of $2.7 million), a $0.3 million increase in inventory, a $0.2 million decrease in accrued severance expense, a $0.1 million decrease in accounts payable, a $0.1 decrease in accrued expenses and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Investing Activities - During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, cash flows used in investing activities were $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. During each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, a small amount of testing and computer equipment was purchased.

Financing Activities - During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash flows provided by financing activities were $2.5 million, which primarily consisted of $1.8 million in net proceeds from a registered direct offering that included the sale of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants and $0.8 million in net proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock under the ATM Program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash flows provided by financing activities were $6.3 million, which consisted of $3.6 million in net proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock under the Prior ATM Program, $2.7 million in net proceeds from the issuance and sale of common stock and warrants and $0.1 million in proceeds from the ESPP.

Backlog

We are in receipt of approximately $0.2 million of additional confirmed orders (“backlog”), the majority of which are scheduled to ship in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide this information.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to us is made known to the officers who certify our financial reports and the Board. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act.

Based on the evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed by us in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our interim principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party to any pending legal proceedings that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or cash flows. We may, however, be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business from time to time.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our future performance is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and the trading price of our common stock. These risks and uncertainties are described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no material changes to these risks and uncertainties described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference as a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

Exhibit Number	Description
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Energous Corporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 10, 2020).
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Energous Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 15, 2023).
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Energous Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-193522) filed on March 13, 2014).
31.1+	Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1+	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS†	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101)

† Filed herewith.

+ Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	ENERGOUS CORPORATION
	(Registrant)
Date: November 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Mallorie Burak
		Name:	Mallorie Burak
		Title:	Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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