Advanced Drainage Systems (WMS) 10-Q 2020 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-36557

ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	51-0105665
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4640 Trueman Boulevard, Hilliard, Ohio 43026

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)

(614) 658-0050

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	WMS	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of January 30, 2020, the registrant had 68,785,918 shares of common stock outstanding. The shares of common stock trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “WMS.” In addition, as of January 30, 2020, 429,723 shares of unvested restricted common stock were outstanding and 22,070,882 shares of ESOP, preferred stock, convertible into 16,976,922 shares of common stock, were outstanding. As of January 30, 2020, 86,192,563 shares of common stock were outstanding, inclusive of outstanding shares of unvested restricted common stock and on an as-converted basis with respect to the outstanding shares of ESOP preferred stock.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	Page
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (loss) for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Mezzanine Equity for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018	5
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	50
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	50
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	51
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	51
Item 2.	Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities	56
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	56
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	56
Item 5.	Other Information	56
Item 6.	Exhibits	57
Signatures		58

i

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited) (In thousands, except par value)

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	98,312		$	8,891
Receivables (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,150 and    $7,653, respectively)		156,973			186,991
Inventories		261,347			264,540
Other current assets		9,153			6,091
Total current assets		525,785			466,513
Property, plant and equipment, net		488,386			398,891
Other assets:
Goodwill		668,154			102,638
Intangible assets, net		498,113			37,177
Other assets		68,737			36,940
Total assets	$	2,249,175		$	1,042,159
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of debt obligations	$	7,954		$	25,932
Current maturities of finance lease obligations		21,413			23,117
Accounts payable		78,292			93,577
Other accrued liabilities		106,527			61,901
Accrued income taxes		7,899			1,758
Total current liabilities		222,085			206,285
Long-term debt obligations (less unamortized debt issuance costs of $2,507 and $2,293,    respectively)		991,267			208,602
Long-term finance lease obligations		48,604			61,555
Deferred tax liabilities		156,707			45,963
Other liabilities		34,112			19,119
Total liabilities		1,452,775			541,524
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 12)
Mezzanine equity:
Redeemable convertible preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 47,070 shares authorized;    44,170 shares issued; 22,072 and 22,611 shares outstanding, respectively		275,896			282,638
Deferred compensation – unearned ESOP shares		(25,471	)		(180,316	)
Total mezzanine equity		250,425			102,322
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock; $0.01 par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized; 69,260 and 57,964    shares issued, respectively; 68,775 and 57,490 shares outstanding, respectively		11,549			11,436
Paid-in capital		817,028			391,039
Common stock in treasury, at cost		(10,200	)		(9,863	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(24,969	)		(25,867	)
Retained (deficit) earnings		(261,986	)		17,582
Total ADS stockholders’ equity		531,422			384,327
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries		14,553			13,986
Total stockholders’ equity		545,975			398,313
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and stockholders’ equity	$	2,249,175		$	1,042,159

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

- 1 -

ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended December 31,					Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2019			2018
Net sales	$	393,424	$	318,113		$	1,303,037		$	1,112,515
Cost of goods sold		270,066		245,714			926,703			845,052
Cost of goods sold - ESOP special dividend compensation		—		—			168,610			—
Gross profit		123,358		72,399			207,724			267,463
Operating expenses:
Selling		29,967		23,260			86,303			72,156
General and administrative		37,023		22,116			116,486			65,082
Selling, general and administrative - ESOP special dividend compensation		—		—			78,142			—
Loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and    disposal activities		1,755		144			4,466			1,572
Intangible amortization		13,593		1,976			24,435			5,945
Income (loss) from operations		41,020		24,903			(102,108	)		122,708
Other expense:
Interest expense		13,191		5,695			70,787			14,028
Derivative loss (gains) and other expense (income), net		39		634			118			(86	)
Income (loss) before income taxes		27,790		18,574			(173,013	)		108,766
Income tax expense		4,032		2,490			22,855			28,968
Equity in net loss (income) of unconsolidated affiliates		99		(466	)		(538	)		225
Net income (loss)		23,659		16,550			(195,330	)		79,573
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		371		738			149			2,811
Net income (loss) attributable to ADS		23,288		15,812			(195,479	)		76,762
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		68,508		57,180			62,119			56,925
Diluted		69,298		57,685			62,119			57,482
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.28	$	0.25		$	(3.31	)	$	1.22
Diluted	$	0.28	$	0.25		$	(3.31	)	$	1.20

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

- 2 -

ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Three Months Ended December 31,					Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2019			2018
Net income (loss)	$	23,659	$	16,550		$	(195,330	)	$	79,573
Currency translation (loss) gain		2,062		(5,642	)		1,316			(7,617	)
Comprehensive income (loss)		25,721		10,908			(194,014	)		71,956
Less: other comprehensive (loss) income attributable to    noncontrolling interest		604		(810	)		418			(1,189	)
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		371		738			149			2,811
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to ADS	$	24,746	$	10,980		$	(194,581	)	$	70,334

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net (loss) income	$	(195,330	)	$	79,573
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		74,432			52,912
Deferred income taxes		(1,098	)		2,316
Loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities		4,466			1,572
ESOP and stock-based compensation		27,365			16,142
ESOP special dividend compensation		246,752			—
Amortization of deferred financing charges		34,380			561
Inventory step up related to Infiltrator Water Technologies acquisition		7,880			—
Fair market value adjustments to derivatives		903			1,976
Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates		(538	)		225
Other operating activities		(6,013	)		(3,493	)
Changes in working capital:
Receivables		50,865			16,768
Inventories		43,317			15,705
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(1,417	)		(2,562	)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities		10,354			(33,673	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		296,318			148,022
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Capital expenditures		(46,293	)		(31,130	)
Acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies, net of cash acquired		(1,089,322	)		—
Other investing activities		(247	)		1,109
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,135,862	)		(30,021	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from Term Loan Facility		1,300,000			—
Payments on Term Loan Facility		(1,300,000	)		—
Proceeds from syndication of Term Loan Facility		700,000			—
Payments on syndicated Term Loan Facility		(50,000	)		—
Proceeds from Senior Notes		350,000			—
Proceeds from Revolving Credit Agreement		177,900			—
Payments on Revolving Credit Agreement		(177,900	)		—
Debt issuance costs		(34,606	)		—
Proceeds from PNC Credit Agreement		253,900			331,600
Payments on PNC Credit Agreement		(388,300	)		(376,600	)
Payments on Prudential Senior Notes		(100,000	)		(25,000	)
Payments on finance lease obligations		(18,424	)		(17,791	)
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs		293,648			—
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest in BaySaver		—			(8,821	)
Cash dividends paid		(83,846	)		(21,084	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		6,280			3,937
Other financing activities		(236	)		(1,620	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		928,416			(115,379	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		549			(451	)
Net change in cash		89,421			2,171
Cash at beginning of period		8,891			17,587
Cash at end of period	$	98,312		$	19,758
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for income taxes	$	9,450		$	27,459
Cash paid for interest		23,992			11,506
Non-cash operating, investing and financing activities:
Balance in accounts payable for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment		4,129			2,381

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND MEZZANINE EQUITY

(Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Common Stock				Paid -In			Common Stock in Treasury					Accumulated Other Compre-hensive			Retained (Deficit)			Total ADS Stockholders’			Non- controlling Interest in			Total Stock- holders’			Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock						Deferred Compensation Unearned ESOP Shares						Redeemable Non-controlling Interest in			Total Mezzanine
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Shares		Amount			Loss			Earnings			Equity			Subsidiaries			Equity			Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Subsidiaries			Equity
Balance at October 1, 2018		57,525	$	11,433	$	381,475			441	$	(9,035	)	$	(22,843	)	$	11,631		$	372,661		$	16,790		$	389,451			22,810		$	285,117			14,836		$	(185,376	)	$	8,968		$	108,709
Net income		—		—		—			—		—			—			15,812			15,812			738			16,550			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—		—			(4,832	)		—			(4,832	)		(810	)		(5,642	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Redeemable convertible    preferred stock dividends		—		—		—			—		—			—			(467	)		(467	)		—			(467	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock dividends    ($0.08 per share)		—		—		—			—		—			—			(4,621	)		(4,621	)		—			(4,621	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Dividend paid to non-controlling interest holder		—		—		—			—		—			—			—			—			(3,825	)		(3,825	)		—			—			—			—			(740	)		(740	)
Allocation of ESOP shares to    participants for compensation		—		—		328			—		—			—			—			328			—			328			—			—			(192	)		2,396			—			2,396
Exercise of common stock options		35		—		464			2		(63	)		—			—			401			—			401			—			—			—			—			—			—
Restricted stock awards		74		—		—			1		(19	)		—			—			(19	)		—			(19	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based    compensation expense		—		—		1,658			—		—			—			—			1,658			—			1,658			—			—			—			—			—			—
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest in BaySaver		—		—		(625	)		—		—			—			(338	)		(963	)		—			(963	)		—			—			—			—			(8,228	)		(8,228	)
Balance at December 31, 2018		57,634	$	11,433	$	383,300			444	$	(9,117	)	$	(27,675	)	$	22,017		$	379,958		$	12,893		$	392,851			22,810		$	285,117			14,644		$	(182,980	)	$	—		$	102,137
Balance at April 1, 2018		56,889	$	11,426	$	364,908			413	$	(8,277	)	$	(21,247	)	$	(39,214	)	$	307,596		$	16,663		$	324,259			23,300		$	291,247			15,219		$	(190,168	)	$	8,471		$	109,550
Net income		—		—		—			—		—			—			76,762			76,762			1,979			78,741			—			—			—			—			832			832
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—		—			(6,428	)		—			(6,428	)		(1,189	)		(7,617	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Redeemable convertible    preferred stock dividends		—		—		—			—		—			—			(1,442	)		(1,442	)		—			(1,442	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock dividends    ($0.24 per share)		—		—		—			—		—			—			(13,751	)		(13,751	)		—			(13,751	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Dividend paid to non-controlling interest holder		—		—		—			—		—			—			—			—			(4,560	)		(4,560	)		—			—			—			—			(1,075	)		(1,075	)
Allocation of ESOP shares to    participants for compensation		—		—		3,925			—		—			—			—			3,925			—			3,925			—			—			(575	)		7,188			—			7,188
Exercise of common stock options		277		2		3,937			28		(767	)		—			—			3,172			—			3,172			—			—			—			—			—			—
Restricted stock awards		93		1		—			3		(73	)		—			—			(72	)		—			(72	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based    compensation expense		—		—		5,029			—		—			—			—			5,029			—			5,029			—			—			—			—			—			—
ESOP distribution in common stock		375		4		6,126			—		—			—			—			6,130			—			6,130			(490	)		(6,130	)		—			—			—			(6,130	)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest in BaySaver		—		—		(625	)		—		—			—			(338	)		(963	)		—			(963	)		—			—			—			—			(8,228	)		(8,228	)
Balance at December 31, 2018		57,634	$	11,433	$	383,300			444	$	(9,117	)	$	(27,675	)	$	22,017		$	379,958		$	12,893		$	392,851			22,810		$	285,117			14,644		$	(182,980	)	$	—		$	102,137

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND MEZZANINE EQUITY (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Common Stock				Paid -In		Common Stock in Treasury					Accumulated Other Compre-hensive			Retained (Deficit)			Total ADS Stockholders’			Non- controlling Interest in		Total Stock- holders’			Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock						Deferred Compensation Unearned ESOP Shares						Total Mezzanine
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Shares		Amount			Loss			Earnings			Equity			Subsidiaries		Equity			Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Equity
Balance at October 1, 2019		68,746	$	11,545	$	800,947		484	$	(10,162	)	$	(26,427	)	$	(277,725	)	$	498,178		$	13,578	$	511,756			22,383		$	279,785			2,312		$	(28,565	)	$	251,220
Net income		—		—		—		—		—			—			23,288			23,288			371		23,659			—			—			—			—			—
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—			1,458			—			1,458			604		2,062			—			—			—			—			—
Redeemable convertible    preferred stock dividends		—		—		—		—		—			—			(1,335	)		(1,335	)		—		(1,335	)		—			—			—			—			—
Common stock dividends    ($0.09 per share)		—		—		—		—		—			—			(6,214	)		(6,214	)		—		(6,214	)		—			—			—			—			—
Allocation of ESOP shares to    participants for compensation		—		—		4,317		—		—			—			—			4,317			—		4,317			—			—			(248	)		3,094			3,094
Exercise of common stock options		273		2		3,850		—		—			—			—			3,852			—		3,852			—			—			—			—			—
Restricted stock awards		2		—		—		1		(38	)		—			—			(38	)		—		(38	)		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based    compensation expense		—		—		3,872		—		—			—			—			3,872			—		3,872			—			—			—			—			—
ESOP distribution in common stock		239		2		3,887		—		—			—			—			3,889			—		3,889			(311	)		(3,889	)		—			—			(3,889	)
Other		—		—		155		—		—			—			—			155			—		155			—			—			—			—			—
Balance at December 31, 2019		69,260	$	11,549	$	817,028		485	$	(10,200	)	$	(24,969	)	$	(261,986	)	$	531,422		$	14,553	$	545,975			22,072		$	275,896			2,064		$	(25,471	)	$	250,425
Balance at April 1, 2019		57,964	$	11,436	$	391,039		474	$	(9,863	)	$	(25,867	)	$	17,582		$	384,327		$	13,986	$	398,313			22,611		$	282,638			14,452		$	(180,316	)	$	102,322
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			(195,479	)		(195,479	)		149		(195,330	)		—			—			—			—			—
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—			898			—			898			418		1,316			—			—			—			—			—
Redeemable convertible    preferred stock dividends		—		—		—		—		—			—			(9,530	)		(9,530	)		—		(9,530	)		—			—			—			—			—
Common stock dividends    ($1.27 per share)		—		—		—		—		—			—			(74,559	)		(74,559	)		—		(74,559	)		—			��			—			—			—
Allocation of ESOP shares to    participants for compensation		—		—		9,199		—		—			—			—			9,199			—		9,199			—			—			(743	)		9,282			9,282
ESOP special dividend compensation		—		—		101,189		—		—			—			—			101,189			—		101,189			—			—			(11,645	)		145,563			145,563
Exercise of common stock options		441		4		6,280		7		(207	)		—			—			6,077			—		6,077			—			—			—			—			—
Restricted stock awards		90		1		—		4		(130	)		—			—			(129	)		—		(129	)		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based    compensation expense		—		—		8,884		—		—			—			—			8,884			—		8,884			—			—			—			—			—
ESOP distribution in    common stock		415		4		6,738		—		—			—			—			6,742			—		6,742			(539	)		(6,742	)		—			—			(6,742	)
Common Stock Offering		10,350		104		293,544		—		—			—			—			293,648			—		293,648			—			—			—			—			—
Other		—		—		155		—		—			—			—			155			—		155			—			—			—			—			—
Balance at December 31, 2019		69,260	$	11,549	$	817,028		485	$	(10,200	)	$	(24,969	)	$	(261,986	)	$	531,422		$	14,553	$	545,975			22,072		$	275,896			2,064		$	(25,471	)	$	250,425

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business - Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “ADS” or the “Company”), incorporated in Delaware, designs, manufactures and markets high performance thermoplastic corrugated pipe and related water management products, primarily in North and South America and Europe. ADS’s broad product line includes corrugated high density polyethylene (or “HDPE”) pipe, polypropylene (or “PP”) pipe and related water management products.

On July 31, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition (the “Acquisition”) of Infiltrator Water Technologies Ultimate Holdings, Inc. (“Infiltrator Water Technologies”). Infiltrator Water Technologies is a leading national provider of plastic leach field chambers and systems, septic tanks and accessories, primarily for use in residential applications. Infiltrator Water Technologies’ products are used in on-site septic wastewater treatment systems in the United States and Canada. Infiltrator Water Technologies manufactures and sells StormTech and ARC Septic Chambers to certain entities affiliated with ADS. See “Note 3. Acquisitions” for additional information on the Acquisition.

The Company is managed and reports results of operations in 3 reportable segments: Pipe, Infiltrator Water Technologies and International. The Company also reports the results of its Allied Products and all other business segments as Allied Products and Other.

Historically, sales of the Company’s products have been higher in the first and second quarters of each fiscal year due to favorable weather and longer daylight conditions accelerating construction activity during these periods. Seasonal variations in operating results may also be impacted by inclement weather conditions, such as cold or wet weather, which can delay projects.

Basis of Presentation - The Company prepares its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019 was derived from audited financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2019 (“Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K”). The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments, of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly its financial position as of December 31, 2019 and the results of operations and cash flows for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019. The interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, filed in the Company’s Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K.

Principles of Consolidation - The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, its majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for equity investments where it exercises significant influence but does not hold a controlling financial interest. Such investments are recorded in Other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related equity earnings from these investments are included in Equity in net loss (income) of unconsolidated affiliates in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Recent Accounting Guidance

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

Leases - In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued an accounting standard update (“ASU”) which amends the guidance for leases (“ASC 842”). This standard contains principles that will require an entity to recognize most leases on the balance sheet by recording a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, unless the lease is a short-term lease that has an accounting lease term of twelve

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

months or less. The standard also contains other changes to the current lease guidance that may result in changes to how entities determine which contractual arrangements qualify as a lease, the accounting for executory costs, such as property taxes and insurance, as well as which lease origination costs will be capitalizable. In July 2018, the FASB amended ASC 842 to provide another transition method, allowing a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings during the period of adoption. The Company adopted these standards effective April 1, 2019 using the transition method in the July 2018 ASU which does not require adjustments to comparative periods or require modified disclosures for those periods and includes transition relief practical expedients. “Note 5. Leases” for further information on the adoption of the new lease ASUs.

Hedge Accounting - In August 2017, the FASB issued an ASU which expanded an entity’s ability to apply hedge accounting for non-financial and financial risk components and provided a simplified approach for fair value hedging of interest rate risk. The standard also refined how entities assess hedge effectiveness. The Company adopted this standard effective April 1, 2019. The new standard did not have an impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted

Measurement of Credit Losses - In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU which provides amended guidance on the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, including trade receivables. This standard requires the use of an impairment model referred to as the current expected credit loss model. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years, and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is required to adopt this standard effective April 1, 2020. The Company has formed an internal stakeholder group and is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Except for the pronouncements described above, there have been no new accounting pronouncements issued or adopted since the filing of the Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K that have significance, or potential significance, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. LOSS ON DISPOSAL OF ASSETS AND COSTS FROM EXIT AND DISPOSAL ACTIVITIES

In fiscal 2018, the Company initiated restructuring activities (the “2018 Restructuring Plan”), which concluded during fiscal 2019. The Company does not currently have a specified restructuring plan. The following table summarizes the activity included in Loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities recorded during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

	Three Months Ended December 31,					Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2019		2018
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Accelerated depreciation	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	430
Plant severance		—		39			—		122
Headcount reduction		—		237			—		237
Product optimization		—		48			—		351
Other restructuring activities		—		114			—		316
Total 2018 Restructuring Plan activities	$	—	$	438		$	—	$	1,456
Loss (gain) on other disposals and partial disposals of property, plant and equipment		894		(294	)		2,045		116
Acquisition related severance and other costs		861		—			2,421		—
Total loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities	$	1,755	$	144		$	4,466	$	1,572

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Approximately $0.3 million and $1.1million of the Total 2018 Restructuring Plan activities related to the Pipe reporting segment for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. There was $0.1 million and $0.4 million of the Total 2018 Restructuring Plan activities related to the International reporting segment for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of restructuring liability related to the 2018 Restructuring Plan at December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	1,696		$	3,901
Expenses		—			316
Non-cash expenses		—			359
Payments		(1,008	)		(2,497	)
Balance at the end of the period	$	688		$	2,079

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $0.2 million of long-term severance liability related to the restructuring activities recorded in other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The current portion of the restructuring liability is recorded in Other accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

3. ACQUISITIONS

Acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies - On July 31, 2019 (the “Closing Date”), the Company completed its Acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) dated July 31, 2019. Infiltrator Water Technologies manufactures and sells wastewater systems for homes and provides drainage chambers for septic and storm water management. The total fair value of consideration transferred was $1,147.2 million. The Merger Agreement was funded through the Bridge Loan Facility as further described in “Note 11. Debt”. The results of operations of Infiltrator Water Technologies are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations after July 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the consideration transferred and the preliminary purchase price allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company’s estimates and assumptions are subject to change during the measurement period (up to one year from the Closing Date), as the Company continues to finalize the valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Such finalizations may result in material changes from the preliminary purchase price allocations. 

(Amounts in thousands)	Initial Amount			Increase to Purchase Price		Adjustments to Property, Plant and Equipment			Intangible Assets			Tax Adjustments			Updated Amount
Cash	$	57,375		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	57,375
Total current assets,      excluding cash		75,847			—		—			—			—			75,847
Property, plant and equipment, net		98,860			—		(6,575	)		—			—			92,285
Goodwill		567,034			704		6,575			(10,000	)		832			565,145
Intangible assets, net		475,000			—		—			10,000			—			485,000
Other assets		14,366			—		—			—			—			14,366
Total current liabilities		(22,756	)		—		—			—			—			(22,756	)
Deferred tax liabilities		(109,926	)		—		—			—			(832	)		(110,758	)
Other liabilities		(9,274	)		—		—			—			—			(9,274	)
Total fair value of      consideration transferred	$	1,146,526		$	704	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,147,230

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

The fair value of consideration transferred includes $6.0 million of Infiltrator Water Technologies payable to the Company and $6.6 million of Infiltrator Water Technologies receivable due from the Company.

The goodwill of $565.1 million represents the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and is attributable to expected revenue synergies, as well as operating efficiencies and cost savings. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes and is assigned to the Infiltrator Water Technologies segment.

Of the $110.8 million of preliminary purchase price allocated to deferred tax liabilities, $60.7 million related to the step up of GAAP basis for fair market valuations, while the remaining $50.1 million were acquired deferred tax liabilities. Of the total $60.7 million, $58.1 million was attributed to intangible assets.  See “Note 13. Income Taxes” for additional information.

The purchase price excludes transaction costs. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, the Company incurred $1.8 million and $22.6 million, respectively, of transaction costs related to the Acquisition such as legal, accounting, valuation and other professional services. The Company estimates approximately $7.3 million of transaction costs during the nine months ended December 31, 2019 were not deductible for tax purposes. These costs are included in general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The identifiable intangible assets recorded in connection with the closing of the Acquisition are based on valuations including customer relationships, patents and developed technology, and tradename and trademarks totaling $485.0 million. Customer relationships are amortized using an accelerated method over an estimated useful life of 15 years. Patents and developed technology and tradename and trademarks are on a straight-line basis over the respective useful lives of 10 and 20 years.

(Amounts in thousands)	Preliminary fair value		Estimated useful lives
Customer relationships	$	270,000	15 years
Patents and developed technology		150,000	10 years
Tradename and trademarks		65,000	20 years
Total identifiable intangible assets	$	485,000

The net sales of Infiltrator Water Technologies since the acquisition are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 were $58.5 million and $111.2 million, respectively. The income before taxes of Infiltrator Water Technologies since the acquisition are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 were $7.3 million and $14.2 million, respectively

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

The unaudited pro forma information for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 presented below includes the effects of the Acquisition as if it had been consummated as of April 1, 2018, with adjustments to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the Acquisition. Adjustments include those related to the amortization of acquired intangible assets, increases in interest expense due to additional borrowings incurred to finance the Acquisition, transaction costs, the elimination of transactions between the Company and Infiltrator Water Technologies and the estimated tax impacts thereof. The unaudited pro forma information does not reflect any operating efficiency or potential cost savings that could result from the consolidation of Infiltrator Water Technologies. Accordingly, the unaudited pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the actual results of the combined company if the Acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the period presented, nor is it indicative of the future results of operations.

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2019		2018		2019			2018
Net sales	$	393,424	$	364,365	$	1,389,440		$	1,281,898
Net income (loss) attributable to ADS		24,630		6,481		(146,147	)		12,501

4. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenue Disaggregation - The Company disaggregates net sales by Domestic, International and Infiltrator Water Technologies and further disaggregates Domestic and International by product type, consistent with its reportable segment disclosure. This disaggregation level best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Refer to “Note 15. Business Segments Information” for the Company’s disaggregation of Net sales by reportable segment.

Contract Balances - The Company recognizes a contract asset representing the Company’s right to recover products upon the receipt of returned products and a contract liability for the customer refund. The following table presents the balance of the Company’s contract asset and liability as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019:

	December 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Contract asset - product returns	$	942	$	646
Refund liability		2,204		1,372

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

5. LEASES

ASC 842 Adoption - The Company adopted the provisions of ASC 842 beginning on April 1, 2019 using the transition methodology in ASC 842 which does not require adjustments to comparative periods or require modified disclosures. The Company elected the transition relief practical expedient package as described in ASC 842-10-65-1. ASC 842 provides lessees with the option of electing an accounting policy, by class of underlying asset, in which the lessee may choose not to separate nonlease components from lease components. The Company elected this practical expedient for leases of certain classes of equipment, including forklifts and fleet tractors and trailers. The Company also elected the accounting policy to not recognize the right-of-use asset and lease liability for leases with an initial expected term of 12 months or less (“Short-term leases”). The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recording of $13.3 million of additional lease liabilities and right-of-use assets to the beginning balance of the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Infiltrator Water Technologies adopted ASC 842 on July 31, 2019 using the same methodology and policy elections taken by the Company on April 1, 2019. The Infiltrator Water Technologies adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recording of $11.2 million of additional lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets to the beginning balance of the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

Nature of the Company’s Leases - The Company has operating and finance leases for plants, yards, corporate offices, tractors, trailers and other equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to 30 years. A portion of the Company’s yard leases include an option to extend the leases for up to 5 years. The Company has included renewal options which are reasonably certain to be excised in its right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

The Company’s lease payments are generally fixed. Certain equipment leases contain residual value guarantees that create a contingent obligation on the part of the Company to compensate the lessor if the leased asset cannot be sold for an amount in excess of a specified minimum value at the conclusion of the lease term. The calculation is based on the original cost of the transportation equipment, less lease payments made, compared to a percentage of the transportation equipment’s fair market value at the time of sale. All leased units covered by this guarantee have been classified as finance leases and a corresponding finance lease obligation was recorded. Therefore, no contingent obligation is needed.

For all leases with an initial expected term of more than 12 months, the Company recorded, at the adoption date of ASC 842 or lease commencement date for leases entered into after the adoption date, a lease liability, which is the lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The Company will utilize its collateralized incremental borrowing rate commensurate to the lease term as the discount rate for its leases, unless the Company can specifically determine the lessor’s implicit rate. The incremental borrowing rate for each lease is determined based on the Company’s credit rating, adjusted for the impacts of collateral, and the lease term.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Lease Cost - The components of lease cost for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 was:

(Amounts in thousands)	Income Statement Classification	Three Months Ended December 31, 2019		Nine Months Ended December 31, 2019
Operating lease cost
Operating lease cost	Cost of goods sold	$	1,382	$	3,509
Operating lease cost	General and administrative		259		748
Short-term lease cost	Cost of goods sold		712		2,036
Total operating lease cost		$	2,353	$	6,293
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	Cost of goods sold		3,808		13,707
Amortization of right-of-use assets	General and administrative		356		1,073
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense		1,116		3,443
Total finance lease cost		$	5,280	$	18,223

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	4,257
Operating cash flows from finance leases		3,603
Financing cash flows from finance leases		18,424
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases		5,729
Finance leases(a)		3,238

(a) The Company acquired $19.9 million of property, plant and equipment under finance leases in the nine months ended December 31, 2018.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of December 31, 2019 was as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	Balance Sheet Classification	2019
Operating leases
Right-of-use assets	Other assets	$	23,208
Current lease liabilities	Other accrued liabilities		7,532
Non-current lease liabilities	Other liabilities		15,752
Total operating lease liabilities		$	23,284
Finance leases
Right-of-use assets	Property, plant and equipment		96,449
Current lease liabilities	Current maturities of finance lease obligations		21,413
Non-current lease liabilities	Long-term finance lease obligations		48,604
Total finance lease liabilities		$	70,017
Weighted average lease term
Operating leases			7.43
Finance leases			10.80
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases			3.55	%
Finance leases			5.56	%

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

The following is a schedule by year of future minimum lease payments on a rolling twelve-month basis under operating and finance leases and the present value of the net minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2019:

(Amounts in thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Year 1	$	7,284	$	24,514
Year 2		5,664		20,294
Year 3		3,235		14,301
Year 4		2,201		9,032
Year 5		1,514		5,244
Thereafter		6,369		5,626
Total minimum lease payments	$	26,267	$	79,011
Less: amount representing interest		2,983		8,994
Present value of net minimum lease payments	$	23,284	$	70,017

Disclosures Related to Periods Prior to Adoption of ASC 842

As of March 31, 2019, total contractual obligations for capital and operating leases were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	Operating Leases		Capital Leases
2020	$	4,159	$	26,604
2021		2,924		22,507
2022		1,814		18,064
2023		690		11,721
2024		325		7,143
Thereafter		2,236		8,198
Total minimum lease payments	$	12,148	$	94,237
Less: amount representing interest		—		9,565
Present value of net minimum lease payments	$	12,148	$	84,672

6. INVENTORIES

Inventories as of the periods presented consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Raw materials	$	63,349	$	47,910
Finished goods		197,998		216,630
Total inventories	$	261,347	$	264,540

There were 0 work-in-process inventories as of the periods presented.

7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

When applying fair value principles in the valuation of assets and liabilities, the Company is required to maximize the use of quoted market prices and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company has not changed its valuation techniques used in measuring the fair value of any financial assets or liabilities during the fiscal periods presented. The fair value estimates take into consideration the credit risk of both the Company and its counterparties.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

When active market quotes are not available for financial assets and liabilities, the Company uses industry standard valuation models. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including credit risk, interest rate curves, foreign currency rates and forward and spot prices for currencies. In circumstances where market-based observable inputs are not available, management judgment is used to develop assumptions to estimate fair value. Generally, the fair value of Level 3 instruments is estimated as the net present value of expected future cash flows based on internal and external inputs.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements - The assets and liabilities carried at fair value as of the periods presented were as follows:

	December 31, 2019
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Derivative assets – diesel fuel contracts	$	172	$	—	$	172	$	—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	172	$	—	$	172	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities – diesel fuel contracts	$	141	$	—	$	141	$	—
Contingent consideration for acquisitions		80		—		—		80
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis	$	221	$	—	$	141	$	80

	March 31, 2019
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Derivative assets – diesel fuel contracts	$	189	$	—	$	189	$	—
Interest rate swaps		1,088		—		1,088		—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	1,277	$	—	$	1,277	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative liability - diesel fuel contracts	$	283	$	—	$	283	$	—
Foreign exchange contracts		60		—		60		—
Contingent consideration for acquisitions		203		—		—		203
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis	$	546	$	—	$	343	$	203

For the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, there were 0 transfers in or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3.

Valuation of Contingent Consideration for Acquisitions - The method used to price these liabilities is considered Level 3. Changes in the fair value of recurring fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the periods presented were as follows:

	Three Months Ended December 31,					Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2019			2018
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	80	$	325		$	203		$	578
Change in fair value		—		6			40			15
Payments of contingent consideration liability		—		(103	)		(163	)		(365	)
Balance at the end of the period	$	80	$	228		$	80		$	228

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Valuation of Debt - The carrying amounts of current financial assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these items, or in the case of derivative instruments, because they are recorded at fair value. The carrying and fair value of the Company’s Senior Notes (as defined below and further discussed in “Note 11. Debt”) were $350.0 million and $362.1 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2019. The fair value of the Senior Notes was determined based on a quoted market data for the Company’s Senior Notes. The categorization of the framework used to evaluate the Senior Notes is considered Level 2.

The carrying and fair value of the Company’s Prudential Senior Notes (as defined below and further discussed in “Note 13. Debt” to the Company’s audited financial statements included in the Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K) were 0 at December 31, 2019, and $100.0 million and $98.9 million, respectively, at March 31, 2019. The fair value of the Prudential Senior Notes was determined based on a comparison of the interest rate and terms of such borrowings to the rates and terms of similar debt available for the period. The Company believes the carrying amount on the remaining long-term debt, including debt under the Term Loan Facility and PNC Credit Agreement (as defined below), is not materially different from its fair value as the interest rates and terms of the borrowings are similar to currently available borrowings. The categorization of the framework used to evaluate this debt is considered Level 2.

8. DERIVATIVE TRANSACTIONS

The Company uses commodity options in the form of collars and swaps, and has previously used interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts to manage its various exposures to interest rate, commodity price fluctuations and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Interest rate swap gains and losses resulting from the difference between the spot rate and applicable base rate is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in Interest expense. For collars, commodity swaps and foreign currency forward contracts, contract settlement gains and losses are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in Derivative gains and other income, net. Gains and losses related to mark-to-market adjustments for changes in fair value of the derivative contracts are also recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in Derivative gains and other income, net.

The Company recorded net losses and net (gains) on mark-to-market adjustments for changes in the fair value of derivatives contracts as well as net losses and net (gains) on the settlement of derivative contracts as follows:

	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Diesel fuel option collars	$	(93	)	$	1,067		$	(17	)	$	1,209
Interest rate swaps		—			1,810			1,726			767
Foreign exchange forward contracts		—			35			(7	)		35
Total net unrealized mark-to-market (gains) loss	$	(93	)	$	2,912		$	1,702		$	2,011
Diesel fuel option collars		—			(126	)		157			(700	)
Foreign exchange forward contracts		—			(73	)		102			(163	)
Interest rate swaps		—			(99	)		544			(191	)
Total net realized loss (gains)	$	—		$	(298	)	$	803		$	(1,054	)

A summary of the fair value of derivatives is included in “Note 7. Fair Value Measurement.”

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

9. NET INCOME PER SHARE AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company is required to apply the two-class method to compute both basic and diluted net income per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats participating securities as having rights to earnings that would otherwise have been available to common stockholders.

The following table presents information necessary to calculate net income per share for the periods presented, as well as potentially dilutive securities excluded from the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2019			2018			2019			2018
NET INCOME PER SHARE—BASIC:
Net income (loss) attributable to ADS	$	23,288		$	15,812		$	(195,479	)	$	76,762
Adjustments for:
Dividends to redeemable convertible preferred    stockholders		(1,334	)		(467	)		(9,530	)		(1,442	)
Dividends paid to unvested restricted stockholders		(3	)		(25	)		(335	)		(55	)
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders    and participating securities		21,951			15,320			(205,344	)		75,265
Undistributed income allocated to participating    securities		(2,822	)		(1,027	)		—			(6,048	)
Net income (loss) available to common    stockholders – Basic	$	19,129		$	14,293		$	(205,344	)	$	69,217
Weighted average number of common shares    outstanding – Basic		68,508			57,180			62,119			56,925
Net income (loss) per common share – Basic	$	0.28		$	0.25		$	(3.31	)	$	1.22
NET INCOME PER SHARE—DILUTED:
Net income (loss) available to common    stockholders – Diluted	$	19,129		$	14,293		$	(205,344	)	$	69,217
Weighted average number of common shares    outstanding – Basic		68,508			57,180			62,119			56,925
Assumed exercise of stock options		641			505			—			557
Restricted stock		149			—			—			—
Weighted average number of common shares    outstanding – Diluted		69,298			57,685			62,119			57,482
Net income (loss) per common share – Diluted	$	0.28		$	0.25		$	(3.31	)	$	1.20
Potentially dilutive securities excluded as    anti-dilutive		14,915			6,079			14,084			6,068

Common Stock Offering – On September 10, 2019, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 10,350,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, which included the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a price of $29.75 per share, before underwriting discounts and commissions. The common stock was sold pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement and related prospectus supplement. The Company received proceeds of $293.6 million from the issuance after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The Company used the net proceeds for the repayment of a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility.

Stockholders’ Equity - The Company did 0t repurchase any shares of common stock during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. In February 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $50 million of ADS common stock in accordance with applicable securities laws. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $42.1 million of common stock may be repurchased under the

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

authorization. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or terminated at any time at the Company’s discretion.

Special Dividend and the Employees Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) - During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share and quarterly dividends of $0.09 per share. The special and quarterly dividend were paid to all stockholders on June 14, 2019 to stockholders of record at the close of business on June 3, 2019. The total dividend payment was $81.6 million. The dividends received by the unallocated redeemable convertible preferred stock held in the ESOP trust was used to pay $12.0 million of the ESOP loan back to the Company resulting in approximately 11.6 million shares of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock being allocated to ESOP participants. The Company recognized $246.8 million in stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value on the date the Board of Directors approved the special dividend. The Board of Director’s approval committed the ESOP to use those proceeds to pay down the ESOP loan. The special dividend compensation expense was recognized in Cost of goods sold - ESOP special dividend compensation and Selling, general and administrative expenses - ESOP special dividend compensation on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company’s ESOP is further described in “Note 16. Employee Benefit Plans” to the Company’s audited financial statements included in the Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K.

10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

ADS Mexicana - ADS conducts business in Mexico and Central America through its joint venture ADS Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. (together with its affiliate ADS Corporativo, S.A. de C.V., “ADS Mexicana”). ADS owns 51% of the outstanding stock of ADS Mexicana and consolidates ADS Mexicana for financial reporting purposes.

On June 22, 2018, the Company and ADS Mexicana entered into an Intercompany Revolving Credit Promissory Note (the “Intercompany Note”) with a borrowing capacity of $12.0 million. The Intercompany Note matures on June 22, 2022. The other joint venture partner indemnifies the Company for 49% of any unpaid borrowing. The interest rates under the Intercompany Note are determined by certain base rates or London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin based on the Leverage Ratio. As of December 31, 2019, there were 0 borrowings under the Intercompany Note.

South American Joint Venture - The Tuberias Tigre - ADS Limitada joint venture (the “South American Joint Venture”) manufactures and sells HDPE corrugated pipe in certain South American markets. ADS owns 50% of the South American Joint Venture. The Company has concluded that it is appropriate to account for these investments using the equity method, whereby the Company’s share of the income or loss of the joint venture is reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations under Equity in net loss (income) of unconsolidated affiliates and the Company’s investment in the joint venture is included in Other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. ADS is the guarantor of 50% of the South American Joint Venture’s credit facility, and the debt guarantee is shared equally with the joint venture partner. The Company’s maximum potential obligation under this guarantee is $11.0 million as of December 31, 2019. The maximum borrowings permitted under the South American Joint Venture’s credit facility are $22.0 million. This credit facility allows borrowings in either Chilean pesos or US dollars at a fixed interest rate determined at inception of each draw on the facility. The guarantee of the South American Joint Venture’s debt expires on December 31, 2020. ADS does not anticipate any required contributions related to the balance of this credit facility. As of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the outstanding principal balances of the credit facility including letters of credit were $10.6 million and $12.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there were 0 U.S. dollar denominated loans. The weighted average interest rate as of December 31, 2019 was 5.3% on Chilean peso denominated loans.

ADS and the South American Joint Venture have shared services arrangements in order to execute the joint venture services. In addition, the South American Joint Venture has entered into agreements for pipe and other product sales to ADS and its other related parties, which totaled $0.1 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, and $0.4 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018. ADS pipe sales to the South American Joint Venture were $0.4 million and $0.8 million

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, and $0.3 million and $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively.

Tigre USA - Tigre USA was a joint venture that ADS no longer has an ownership interest in, but the owner is the partner for the South American Joint Venture.

ADS purchased $0.4 million and $1.6 million of Tigre USA manufactured products for use in the production of ADS products during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019. ADS purchased $0.3 million and $1.5 million of Tigre USA manufactured products for use in the production of ADS products during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018.

11. DEBT

Long-term debt as of the periods presented consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Term Loan Facility	$	650,000		$	—
Senior Notes		350,000			—
Revolving Credit Facility		—			—
PNC Credit Agreement		—			134,400
Prudential Senior Notes		—			100,000
Equipment financing		1,728			2,427
Total		1,001,728			236,827
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(2,507	)		(2,293	)
Current maturities		(7,954	)		(25,932	)
Long-term debt obligation	$	991,267		$	208,602

Bridge Credit Facility

On July 31, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Base Credit Agreement”) by and among the Company, as borrower, Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent, the several lenders from time to time party thereto.

The Base Credit Agreement provided for a term loan facility in an initial aggregate principal amount of up to $1.3 billion (the “Bridge Loan Facility”), a revolving credit facility in an initial aggregate principal amount of up to $350 million (the “Bridge Revolving Credit Facility”), a letter of credit sub-facility in the initial aggregate available amount of up to $50 million, as a sublimit of such Revolving Credit Facility (the “Bridge L/C Facility”) and a swing line sub-facility in the aggregate available amount of up to $50 million, as a sublimit of the Revolving Credit Facility (together with the Bridge Loan Facility, the Bridge Revolving Credit Facility and the Bridge L/C Facility, the “Bridge Credit Facility”).

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

On July 31, 2019, the Company borrowed approximately $1.3 billion under the Bridge Loan Facility and $145 million under the Bridge Revolving Credit Facility, which amounts were to (i) finance the consideration paid in connection with the closing of the Acquisition, (ii) repay the total outstanding amount as of the Closing Date under the Company’s then existing revolving credit facility with PNC, (iii) repay outstanding amounts of existing indebtedness incurred by Infiltrator Water Technologies under its outstanding credit facility in effect prior to the Acquisition, and (iv) pay certain transaction fees and expenses associated with the Acquisition and the Bridge Loan Facility. Approximately $300.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Base Credit Agreement were repaid on September 10, 2019 with proceeds from the Company’s public offering of common stock as further described in “Note 9, Net Income Per Share and Stockholders’ Equity” and approximately $300.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Bridge Loan Facility were repaid on September 23, 2019 with proceeds from the Company’s offering of $350.0 million Senior Notes, as defined and further described below.

As a result of this borrowing, on July 31, 2019, the Company initially capitalized approximately $46.9 million of deferred financing fees associated with the Bridge Credit Facility. This amount was later reduced by $14.9 million due to refunds received by ADS. The remaining deferred financing costs were written off due to loss on early extinguishment of debt resulting from the $300.0 million principal payment primarily from the Common Stock Offering, $300.0 million principal payment from the issuance of Senior Notes due 2027, and $700.0 million principal payment from the issuance of the Senior Secured Credit Facility on September 24, 2019. These financings resulted in the Company treating the Bridge Credit Facility as having been extinguished and replaced with the Common Stock Offering, Senior Notes due 2027 and the syndicated Senior Secured Credit Facility for accounting purposes under ASC 470-50. The loss on early extinguishment of debt, which is included in interest expense in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, primarily reflects the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts.

Repayment of Prudential Senior Notes

On July 29, 2019, the Company repaid in full all of its and its subsidiaries’ indebtedness and other obligations totaling $104.4 million under that certain Second Amended and Restated Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of June 22, 2017 (as amended the “Shelf Note Agreement”) of the Company’s Senior Notes (“Prudential Senior Notes”), by and among the Company, as issuer, the guarantors from time to time a party thereto, PGIM, Inc., as a purchaser and the other purchasers from time to time a party thereto. The Company repaid the outstanding indebtedness under the Shelf Note Agreement using borrowings from the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “PNC Credit Agreement”) as in effect as of July 29, 2019. Concurrently with the repayment, the Shelf Noteholders authorized and directed PNC Bank, National Association, in its capacity as Collateral Agent (as defined in the Shelf Note Agreement) to release the security interests and liens securing the Shelf Note Agreement and the Shelf Note Agreement was terminated.

As a result of the repayment described above, the Company expensed approximately $4.2 million primarily consisting of prepayment premium or penalty associated with the debt payoff activity and the write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees, as the payoff meets the criteria to be accounted for as a debt extinguishment.

Repayment of PNC Credit Agreement

On the Closing Date, using borrowings of the new Bridge Loan Facility the Company repaid in full all of its and its subsidiaries indebtedness and other obligations totaling $239.2 million under the PNC Credit Agreement. Concurrently with the repayment, all security interests and liens held by the Collateral Agent (as defined in the PNC Credit Agreement) securing the PNC Credit Agreement were terminated and released and the PNC Credit Agreement was terminated.

As a result of the repayment described above, the Company expensed approximately $2.0 million primarily consisting of the write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees associated with the debt payoff activity, as the payoff meets the criteria to be accounted for as a debt extinguishment.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Issuance of Senior Notes due 2027

On September 23, 2019, the Company issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.0% senior notes due 2027 (the “Senior Notes”) pursuant to an Indenture, dated September 23, 2019 (the “Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto (the “Guarantors”) and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (the “Trustee”). The Senior Notes are guaranteed by each of the Company’s present and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries that is a guarantor under the Company's Senior Secured Credit Facility. The Senior Notes were offered and sold either to persons reasonably believed to be “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) or to persons outside the United States under Regulation S of the Securities Act.

Interest on the Senior Notes will be payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on March 31 and September 30 of each year, commencing on March 31, 2020, at a rate of 5.0% per annum. The Senior Notes will mature on September 30, 2027. The Company used the majority of the net proceeds from the offering of the Senior Notes for the repayment of $300.0 million of its outstanding borrowings under the Company’s Bridge Loan Facility. The deferred financing costs associated with the Senior Notes totaled $2.1 million and are recorded as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the related debt.

The Company may redeem the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 30, 2022 at established redemption prices. At any time prior to September 30, 2022, the Company may also redeem up to 40% of the Senior Notes with net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 105.0% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to September 30, 2022, the Company may redeem the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date plus an applicable “make-whole” premium.

The Indenture contains customary events of default, including, among other things, payment default, failure to comply with covenants or agreements contained in the Indenture or the Senior Notes and certain provisions related to bankruptcy events. The Indenture also contains customary negative covenants.

New Senior Secured Credit Facility

On September 24, 2019, the Company successfully completed a $700 million syndication of the remaining balance of the Bridge Credit Facility subsequent to the aforementioned Common Stock Offering and Senior Notes due 2027 and in connection with the syndication, the Company amended the Base Credit Agreement (the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”). The Senior Secured Credit Facility reduced the applicable margin utilized in the determination of the interest rate, as well as other provisions.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility provides for a term loan facility in an initial aggregate principal amount of $700 million (the “Term Loan Facility”), a revolving credit facility in an initial aggregate principal amount of up to $350 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), a letter of credit sub-facility in the initial aggregate available amount of up to $50 million, as a sublimit of such Revolving Credit Facility (the “L/C Facility”) and a swing line sub-facility in the aggregate available amount of up to $50 million, as a sublimit of the Revolving Credit Facility (together with the Term Loan Facility, the Revolving Credit Facility and the L/C Facility, the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”). Letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2019 amounts to $8.5 million and reduced the availability of the Revolving Credit Facility.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

In connection with entering into the Senior Secured Credit Facility, the Company capitalized approximately $0.4 million in deferred financing fees. To the extent not previously paid, all then-outstanding amounts under the Term Loan Facility are due and payable on the maturity date of the Term Loan Facility, which is seven years from the Closing Date. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are available beginning on September 24, 2019 and, to the extent not previously paid, all then-outstanding amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility are due and payable on the maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility, which is five years from the Closing Date.

At the option of the Company, borrowings under the Term Loan Facility and under the Revolving Credit Facility (subject to certain limitations) bear interest at either a base rate (as determined pursuant to the Senior Secured Credit Facility) or at a Eurocurrency Rate, based on LIBOR (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility), plus the applicable margin as set forth therein from time to time. In the case of the Revolving Credit Facility, the applicable margin is based on the Company’s consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility). All borrowings under the Term Loan Facility used to finance the Merger Consideration as described above initially bear interest at a Eurocurrency Rate applicable to Eurocurrency Loans (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility) denominated in U.S. Dollars.

The Company is also required to pay a commitment fee that is based upon the undrawn amounts of the Revolving Credit Facility at a rate per annum based upon a calculated ratio as prescribed within the Senior Secured Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2019, the rate the Company was committed to paying on the undrawn portion was equal to 0.2%.

The Company’s obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility have been secured by granting a first priority lien on substantially all of the Company’s assets (subject to certain exceptions and limitations), and each of StormTech, LLC, Advanced Drainage of Ohio, Inc. and Infiltrator Water Technologies, LLC (collectively the “Guarantors”) has agreed to guarantee the obligations of the Company under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and to secure the obligations thereunder by granting a first priority lien in substantially all of such Guarantor’s assets (subject to certain exceptions and limitations).

Principal Maturities – Maturities of long-term debt (excluding interest and deferred financing costs) as of December 31, 2019 are summarized below:

	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Principal maturities	$	7,954	$	7,758	$	7,016	$	7,000	$	7,000	$	965,000	$	1,001,728

12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Purchase Commitments - The Company has historically secured supplies of resin raw material by agreeing to purchase quantities during a future given period at a fixed price. These purchase contracts typically ranged from 1 to 12 months and occur in the ordinary course of business. The Company does 0t have any outstanding purchase commitments as of December 31, 2019.

The Company enters into equipment purchase contracts with manufacturers. Under such non-cancelable purchase contracts in place at December 31, 2019, the Company has agreed to purchase equipment to be delivered in fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 at a committed purchase cost of $1.5 million.

The Company is involved from time to time in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including but not limited to commercial disputes, environmental matters, employee related claims, intellectual property disputes and litigation in connection with transactions including acquisitions and divestitures. The Company does not believe that such litigation, claims, and administrative proceedings will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. The Company records a liability when a loss is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Other Commitments and Contingencies

In March 2019, the Company initiated an internal investigation process, under the guidelines of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, into its consolidated joint venture affiliate ADS Mexicana’s senior management’s ethical and business conduct, as well as compliance of certain products with, along with considerations into, Mexican laws and regulations over the previous 12 months. The Company has recorded an accrual for the current estimate of probable losses resulting from the investigation which is not material to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. However due to the inherent uncertainties in determining the use, installation application and location of our ADS Mexicana products sold, along with the consideration of Mexican laws and regulations related to warranty and product liability obligations, the Company is unable to determine the maximum potential future losses that may occur, which could be material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

13. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax rate will vary based on a variety of factors, including overall profitability, the geographical mix of income before taxes and related tax rates in jurisdictions where it operates and other one-time charges, as well as the occurrence of discrete events. For the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company utilized an effective tax rate of 14.5% and 13.4%, respectively, to calculate its provision for income taxes. Discrete income tax benefits related to the release of tax reserves due to the lapse of statute of limitations decreased the rate for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Consistent with the three months ended December 31, 2018, state and local income taxes increased the effective rate for the three months ended December 31, 2019.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company utilized an effective tax rate of (13.2%) and 26.6%, respectively, to calculate its provision for income taxes. The special dividend paid on June 14, 2019 and the transaction costs related to the Acquisition resulted in large pre-tax losses for the nine months ended December 31, 2019, that did not occur in the comparison period. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 differed from the federal statutory rate primarily due to a $60.7 million discrete income tax expense. This discrete event related to the 11.6 million shares allocated from the ESOP as a result of the special dividend and the Company recognizing approximately $246.8 million in additional stock-based compensation expense. Of the total stock-based compensation expense, approximately $237.6 million related to non-deductible stock appreciation. This discrete event reduced the effective tax rate by 35.1%. Additionally, the Company recognized tax expense of approximately $1.8 million related to non-deductible transaction costs related to the acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies. Consistent with the nine months ended December 31, 2018, state and local income taxes increased the rate for the nine months ended December 31, 2019.

As discussed in “Note 3. Acquisitions”, the Company acquired Infiltrator Water Technologies on July 31, 2019. The unrecognized tax benefits increased by $1.4 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2019, related to positions taken by Infiltrator Water Technologies prior to the Acquisition. Infiltrator Water Technologies was previously indemnified for this position. For the three months ended December 31, 2019, the unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $1.4 million and the indemnification was removed. Lastly, as part of the purchase price, approximately $110.8 million was attributed to deferred tax liabilities. Of the $110.8 million, $60.7 million related to the step up of GAAP basis for fair market valuations, while the remaining $50.1 million were acquired deferred tax liabilities. Of the total $60.7 million, $58.1 million was attributed to intangibles.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

ADS has several programs for stock-based payments to employees and non-employee members of its Board of Directors, including stock options and restricted stock. Equity-classified restricted stock awards are measured based on the grant-date estimated fair value of each award. The Company accounts for all restricted stock granted to Directors as equity-classified awards. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense in the following line items of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Component of income before income taxes:
Cost of goods sold	$	319	$	84	$	620	$	228
Selling expenses		49		48		284		134
General and administrative expenses		3,504		1,526		7,980		4,667
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,872	$	1,658	$	8,884	$	5,029

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by award type for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense:
Equity-classified Stock Options	$	701	$	516	$	1,952	$	2,084
Restricted Stock		1,075		574		2,674		1,548
Performance Units		1,776		289		3,349		621
Non-Employee Directors		320		279		909		776
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,872	$	1,658	$	8,884	$	5,029

2017 Omnibus Plan

On May 24, 2017, the Board of Directors approved the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Incentive Plan”) which was approved by the Company’s stockholders on July 17, 2017. The 2017 Incentive Plan provides for the issuance of a maximum of 3.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock for awards made thereunder, which awards may consist of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, phantom stock, cash-based awards, performance awards (which may take the form of performance cash, performance units or performance shares) or other stock-based awards.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Restricted Stock - During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, the Company granted 0.1 million and 0.3 million shares of restricted stock with a grant date fair value of $2.9 million and $9.9 million, respectively.

Performance Units – Prior to the Acquisition, the Company granted 0.1 million performance units, subject to performance and services conditions. The grant date fair value of the performance units was $3.4 million, based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of the grant. For the performance units, 50% of the award is based upon the achievement of certain levels of Return on Invested Capital for the performance period and 50% is based upon the achievement of certain levels of Free Cash Flow for the performance period. During the three months ended December 31, 2019, the Company modified the achievement levels of the awards due to the Acquisition. The modification did not result in any incremental compensation expense. The performance units have a 3-year performance period from April 1, 2019 through March 31, 2022. The performance units, and any accrued dividend equivalents, will be settled in shares of the Company’s common stock, if the applicable performance and service conditions are satisfied.

During the three months ended December 31, 2019, the Company granted 0.1 million units with a grant date fair value of $2.8 million, subject to achieving predetermined synergies of the now consolidated legacy ADS business and Infiltrator Water Technologies. The Company further granted 0.1 million units with a grant date fair value of $2.7 million, subject to performance conditions of the Infiltrator Water Technologies reportable segment. For the performance units based on the Infiltrator Water Technologies reportable segment, 75% of the award is based upon the achievement of certain levels of Infiltrator Water Technologies Adjusted EBITDA for the performance period and 25% is based upon the achievement of certain levels of Infiltrator Water Technologies Free Cash Flow for the performance period. These two performance unit grants have a 3-year performance period from August 1, 2019 through March 31, 2022.

Options - During the nine months ended December 31, 2019, the Company granted 0.3 million nonqualified stock options under the 2017 Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value of the nonqualified stock options was $2.7 million. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following table summarizes the assumptions used in estimate the fair value of stock-options during the nine months ended December 31, 2019:

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
Common stock price	$27.44
Expected stock price volatility	30.9%
Risk-free interest rate	2.3%
Weighted-average expected option life (years)	6.0
Dividend yield	1.3%

15. BUSINESS SEGMENTS INFORMATION

Following the Acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies, the Company revised its reportable segments to reflect how the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) currently reviews financial information and makes operational decisions.  After the Acquisition, ADS operates its business in 3 distinct reportable segments: “Pipe”, “International” and “Infiltrator Water Technologies.” “Allied Products & Other” represents the Company’s Allied Products and all other business segments. “Pipe” and “Allied Products & Other” were previously included as Domestic. With the change in reportable segments, the CODM is now evaluating segment reporting based on Net Sales and Segment Adjusted Gross Profit. The Company calculated Segment Adjusted Gross Profit as net sales less costs of goods sold, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation and non-cash charges. A measure of assets is not applicable, as segment assets are not regularly reviewed by the CODM for evaluating performance or allocating resources. The prior period segment results and related disclosures have been recast to conform to the current year presentation.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Pipe – The Pipe segment manufactures and markets high performance thermoplastic corrugated pipe throughout the United States. The Company maintains and serves these markets through product distribution relationships with many of the largest national and independent waterworks distributors, buying groups and co-ops, major national retailers as well as an extensive network of hundreds of small to medium-sized distributors across the U.S.

Products include single wall pipe, N-12 HDPE pipe sold into the Storm sewer, Infrastructure and Agriculture markets, High Performance polypropylene pipe sold into the Storm sewer, Infrastructure and sanitary sewer markets. Products are designed primarily for storm water management in the construction and infrastructure marketplace across a broad range of end markets and applications, including non-residential, residential, agriculture and infrastructure. Products are manufactured using HDPE and polypropylene plastic material.

Infiltrator Water Technologies – Infiltrator Water Technologies is a leading national provider of plastic leach field chambers and systems, septic tanks and accessories, primarily for use in residential applications. Infiltrator Water Technologies products are used in on-site septic wastewater treatment systems in the United States and Canada.

International – The International segment manufactures and markets pipe and allied products in certain regions outside of the United States, including Company owned facilities in Canada, subsidiaries that distribute to Europe and the Middle East, exports and through the Company’s joint ventures with local partners in Mexico and South America. The Company’s Mexican joint venture, ADS Mexicana, primarily serves the Mexican and Central American markets, while its South American Joint Venture, Tigre-ADS, is the primary channel to serve the South American markets. The Company’s International product lines include single wall pipe, N-12 HDPE pipe, high performance PP pipe and certain geographies also sell our broad line of Allied Products.

Allied Products & Other – Allied Products and Other manufactures and markets products throughout the United States. Products include StormTech, Nyloplast, ARC Septic Chambers, Inserta Tee, BaySaver filters and water quality structures, Fittings, and FleXstorm. The Company maintains and serves these markets through product distribution relationships with many of the largest national and independent waterworks distributors, major national retailers as well as an extensive network of hundreds of small to medium-sized distributors across the U.S. The Company also sells through a broad variety of buying groups and co-ops in the United States.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

The following table sets forth reportable segment information with respect to the amount of Net sales contributed by each class of similar products for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2019								December 31, 2018
	Net Sales			Intersegment Net Sales			Net Sales from External Customers		Net Sales		Intersegment Net Sales		Net Sales from External Customers
Pipe	$	207,897		$	(342	)	$	207,555	$	196,675	$	—	$	196,675
Infiltrator Water Technologies		72,083			(13,549	)		58,534		—		—		—
International
International - Pipe		28,340			—			28,340		29,580		—		29,580
International - Allied Products		10,114			—			10,114		9,354		—		9,354
Total International		38,454			—			38,454		38,934		—		38,934
Allied Products & Other		88,881			—			88,881		82,504		—		82,504
Intersegment Eliminations		(13,891	)		13,891			—		—		—		—
Total Consolidated	$	393,424		$	—		$	393,424	$	318,113	$	—	$	318,113
	Nine Months Ended
	December 31, 2019								December 31, 2018
	Net Sales			Intersegment Net Sales			Net Sales from External Customers		Net Sales		Intersegment Net Sales		Net Sales from External Customers
Pipe	$	751,483		$	(684	)	$	750,799	$	688,025	$	—	$	688,025
Infiltrator Water Technologies		136,972			(25,738	)		111,234		—		—		—
International
International - Pipe		92,242			—			92,242		108,036		—		108,036
International - Allied Products		33,330			—			33,330		31,533		—		31,533
Total International		125,572			—			125,572		139,569		—		139,569
Allied Products & Other		315,432			—			315,432		284,921		—		284,921
Intersegment Eliminations		(26,422	)		26,422			—		—		—		—
Total Consolidated	$	1,303,037		$	—		$	1,303,037	$	1,112,515	$	—	$	1,112,515

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

The following sets forth certain financial information attributable to the reportable segments for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended December 31,					Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018		2019			2018
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Segment adjusted gross profit
Pipe	$	61,025		$	41,696	$	192,764		$	153,723
Infiltrator Water Technologies		34,735			—		64,879			—
International		9,066			9,257		29,134			31,131
Allied Products & Other		42,818			37,656		157,626			133,828
Intersegment Elimination		(881	)		—		(1,859	)		—
Total	$	146,763		$	88,609	$	442,544		$	318,682
Depreciation and amortization
Pipe	$	11,522		$	11,772	$	34,626		$	35,802
Infiltrator Water Technologies		2,563			—		4,422			—
International		1,462			1,480		4,559			4,501
Allied Products & Other(a)		15,625			4,297		30,825			12,609
Total	$	31,172		$	17,549	$	74,432		$	52,912
Capital expenditures
Pipe	$	7,790		$	10,122	$	24,147		$	24,138
Infiltrator Water Technologies		12,499			—		16,382			—
International		191			1,111		2,068			2,919
Allied Products & Other(a)		191			598		3,696			4,073
Total	$	20,671		$	11,831	$	46,293		$	31,130

(a) Includes depreciation and amortization and capital expenditures not allocated to a reportable segment.

Reconciliation of Gross Profit to Segment Adjusted Gross profit

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Reconciliation of Segment Adjusted Gross Profit:
Total Gross Profit	$	123,358	$	72,399	$	207,724	$	267,463
Depreciation and amortization		16,025		14,266		45,417		43,338
ESOP and stock-based compensation expense		5,273		1,944		12,913		7,881
ESOP special dividend compensation		—		—		168,610		—
Inventory step up related to    Infiltrator Water Technologies acquisition		2,107		—		7,880		—
Total Segment Adjusted Gross Profit	$	146,763	$	88,609	$	442,544	$	318,682

16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Common Stock Dividend - During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.09 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable on March 16, 2020 to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 2, 2020.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless the context otherwise indicates or requires, as used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” “ADS” and the “Company” refer to Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. and its directly- and indirectly-owned subsidiaries as a combined entity, except where it is clear that the terms mean only Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. exclusive of its subsidiaries.

Our fiscal year begins on April 1 and ends on March 31. Unless otherwise noted, references to “year” pertain to our fiscal year. For example, 2020 refers to fiscal 2020, which is the period from April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020.

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related footnotes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on May 30, 2019. In addition to historical condensed consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. For more information, see the section below entitled “Forward Looking Statements.”

We consolidate our joint ventures for purposes of GAAP, except for our South American Joint Venture.

Overview

We are the leading global manufacturer of water management products and solutions for non-residential, residential, infrastructure and agricultural applications. With the acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies in the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we are now a leading provider of plastic leach field chambers, septic tanks and accessories, for use primarily in residential applications.

Executive Summary

Third Quarter Fiscal 2020 Results

• Net sales increased 23.7% to $393.4 million

• Net income of $23.7 million as compared to $16.6 million in the prior year

• Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, increased 88.5% to $91.3 million

Net sales increased $75.3 million, or 23.7%, to $393.4 million, as compared to $318.1 million in the prior year. Domestic pipe sales increased $11.2 million, or 5.7%, to $207.9 million. Allied & Other sales increased $6.4 million, or 7.7%, to $88.9 million. These increases were driven by strong performance in both the U.S. construction and agriculture end markets. Infiltrator Water Technologies contributed an additional $72.1 million to net sales in the quarter.

Gross profit increased $51.0 million, or 70.4%, to $123.4 million as compared to $72.4 million in the prior year. The increase is primarily due to the acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies, favorable material cost and increases in both pipe and allied product sales.

Adjusted EBITDA increased $42.9 million, or 88.5%, to $91.3 million, as compared to $48.4 million in the prior year. The increase is primarily due to the factors mentioned above. Infiltrator Water Technologies contributed an additional $26.5 million to Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter. As a percentage of net sales, Adjusted EBITDA was 23.2% as compared to 15.2% in the prior year.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Year-to-Date Fiscal 2020 Results

• Net sales increased 17.1% to $1,303.0 million

• Net loss of $195.3 million as compared to net income of $79.6 million in the prior year

o Includes $246.8 million of additional ESOP stock-based compensation expense due to the ESOP special dividend

• Adjusted EBITDA increased 48.5% to $289.8 million

• Cash provided by operating activities increased $148.3 million to $296.3 million

• Free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure, increased $133.1 million to $250.0 million

Net sales increased $190.5 million, or 17.1%, to $1,303.0 million, as compared to $1,112.5 million in the prior year. Domestic pipe sales increased $63.5 million, or 9.2%, to $751.5 million. Allied & Other sales increased $30.5 million, or 10.7%, to $315.4 million. These increases were driven by strong performance in both the U.S. construction and agriculture end markets. International net sales decreased $14.0 million or 10.0% to $125.6 million as compared to $139.6 million in the prior year, driven primarily by a decrease in net sales at ADSM. Infiltrator Water Technologies contributed an additional $137.0 million to net sales.

As part of the Company’s capital allocation strategy, the Company paid a dividend of $1.09 per share in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, including a $1.00 special dividend to all shareholders of record. The ESOP used a portion of its proceeds to payback a portion of its loan from the Company, resulting in an allocation of approximately 11.6 million shares to participants and $246.8 million of non-cash, stock-based compensation expense. The Company recorded $168.6 million of this expense in Cost of goods sold – ESOP special dividend compensation and $78.1 million of this expense in Selling, general and administrative – ESOP special dividend compensation.

Gross profit decreased $59.7 million to $207.7 million due to the $168.6 million ESOP compensation expense described above. Excluding the one-time ESOP compensation, gross profit increased $108.9 million, or 40.7%, primarily due to an increase in both pipe and allied product sales as well as favorable pricing and material cost. This was partially offset by unfavorable inventory absorption rates due to retention of key manufacturing employees during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 despite lower production volume.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months ended December 31, 2019 to the Three Months ended December 31, 2018

The following table summarizes our operating results as a percentage of net sales that have been derived from our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. We believe this presentation is useful to investors in comparing historical results.

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,
	2019				2018
Consolidated Statements of Operations data:	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Net sales	$	393,424	100.0	%	$	318,113		100.0	%
Cost of goods sold		270,066	68.6			245,714		77.2
Gross profit		123,358	31.4			72,399		22.8
Selling		29,967	7.6			23,260		7.3
General and administrative		37,023	9.4			22,116		7.0
Loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and    disposal activities		1,755	0.4			144		—
Intangible amortization		13,593	3.5			1,976		0.6
Income from operations		41,020	10.4			24,903		7.8
Interest expense		13,191	3.4			5,695		1.8
Derivative loss and other expense, net		39	—			634		0.2
Income before income taxes		27,790	7.1			18,574		5.8
Income tax expense		4,032	1.0			2,490		0.8
Equity in net loss (income) of unconsolidated affiliates		99	—			(466	)	(0.1	)
Net income		23,659	6.0			16,550		5.2
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		371	0.1			738		0.2
Net income attributable to ADS	$	23,288	5.9	%	$	15,812		5.0	%

Net sales - Net sales increased by $75.3 million, of which $58.5 million represented sales from Infiltrator Water Technologies. Net sales excluding Infiltrator Water Technologies are referred to as organic sales, a non-GAAP measure.

	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2019								December 31, 2018
	Net Sales			Intersegment Net Sales			Net Sales from External Customers		Net Sales		Intersegment Net Sales		Net Sales from External Customers
Pipe	$	207,897		$	(342	)	$	207,555	$	196,675	$	—	$	196,675
Infiltrator Water Technologies		72,083			(13,549	)		58,534		—		—		—
International
International - Pipe		28,340			—			28,340		29,580		—		29,580
International - Allied Products		10,114			—			10,114		9,354		—		9,354
Total International		38,454			—			38,454		38,934		—		38,934
Allied Products & Other		88,881			—			88,881		82,504		—		82,504
Intersegment Eliminations		(13,891	)		13,891			—		—		—		—
Total Consolidated	$	393,424		$	—		$	393,424	$	318,113	$	—	$	318,113

• Pipe net sales to all customers for the three months ended December 31, 2019 increased by $11.2 million, or 5.7%, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase was due to an increase in

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

pipe volume resulting in a $13.4 million increase in sales offset by a $2.6 million decrease as a result of price and product mix.

• Infiltrator Water Technologies net sales to all customers increased by $72.1 million. The Company acquired Infiltrator Water Technologies in fiscal year 2020 and therefore did not report any Infiltrator Water Technologies sales in the three months ended December 31, 2018.

• International net sales for the three months ended December 31, 2019 decreased by $0.5 million, or 1.2%, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $1.2 million decrease in International Pipe Sales, attributable to volume decreases, offset by a $0.7 million increase in International Allied Product sales.

• Allied Products & Other net sales for the three months ended December 31, 2019 increased by $6.4 million, or 7.7%, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase was due to an increase in price and product mix of $4.0 million and an increase in sales volume of $1.8 million.

Cost of goods sold and Gross profit - Cost of goods sold increased by $24.4 million, or 9.9%, and gross profit increased by $51.0 million, or 70.4%, in the three months ended December 31, 2019 over the comparable period in the previous year. Gross profit excluding Infiltrator Water Technologies, referred to as organic gross profit, a Non-GAAP measure, increased 30.2%.

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018		$ Variance			% Variance
	(In thousands)
Pipe	$	44,651		$	28,132	$	16,519			58.7	%
International		7,599			7,772		(173	)		(2.2	)
Allied Products & Other		41,983			36,495		5,488			15.0
Organic gross profit		94,233			72,399		21,834			30.2
Infiltrator Water Technologies		30,006			—		30,006			100.0
Intersegment eliminations		(881	)		—		(881	)		100.0
Total gross profit	$	123,358		$	72,399	$	50,959			70.4	%

• Pipe gross profit increased primarily due to the increase in volume sold, offset by the decrease in the price and product mix of net sales discussed above. The increase in Pipe gross profit was also attributable to lower costs in material, transportation, labor and overhead.

• The Company acquired Infiltrator Water Technologies in fiscal year 2020 and therefore did not report any Infiltrator Water Technologies gross profit in the three months ended December 31, 2018.

• International gross profit decreased primarily due to the decreased sales discussed above.

• Allied Products & Other gross profit increased primarily due to the increase in net sales discussed above and lower labor and overhead costs.

Selling expenses - As a percentage of net sales, selling expenses increased to 7.6% in the three months ended December 31, 2019 compared to 7.3% in three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase as a percentage of net sales is the result of additional ESOP expense in fiscal 2020.

General and administrative expenses - General and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2019 increased $14.9 million from the prior year period. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $1.7 million in transaction costs primarily related to the Acquisition, $6.2 million increase in salary, bonus, ESOP and stock-based compensation expenses to support growth and $6.1 million in general and administrative expenses at Infiltrator Water Technologies.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities - In the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a loss on the disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities of approximately $1.8 million compared to a $0.1 million loss on the disposal of property, plant and equipment from the prior year period. The increase is primarily due to $0.8 million of Acquisition related severance and other costs incurred at Infiltrator Water Technologies. See “Note 2. Loss on Disposal of Assets and Costs from Exit and Disposal Activities” for additional discussion.

Intangible amortization - Intangible amortization increased as a percentage of net sales primarily due the addition of intangible assets related to the Acquisition.

Interest expense - Interest expense increased $7.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase was due to increased debt levels and changes in interest rates. See “Note 11. Debt” for additional discussion.

Derivative loss and other expense, net - Derivative loss and other expense decreased by $0.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year.

Income tax expense - For the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the effective tax rates were 14.5% and 13.4%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a lower tax benefit related to certain discrete items. See “Note 13. Income Taxes” for additional information.

Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates - Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates represents our proportionate share of income or loss attributed to our unconsolidated joint venture in which we have significant influence, but not control, over operations. The Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates decreased by $0.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year due to a current period loss at our South American Joint Venture.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest - Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest decreased by $0.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 to a net income of $0.4 million compared to a net income of $0.7 million in the same period in the previous fiscal year.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Comparison of the Nine Months ended December 31, 2019 to the Nine Months ended December 31, 2018

The following table summarizes our operating results as a percentage of net sales that have been derived from our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. We believe this presentation is useful to investors in comparing historical results.

	For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019					2018
Consolidated Statements of Operations data:	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Net sales	$	1,303,037		100.0	%	$	1,112,515		100.0	%
Cost of goods sold		926,703		71.1			845,052		76.0
Cost of goods sold - ESOP special dividend compensation		168,610		12.9			—		—
Gross profit		207,724		15.9			267,463		24.0
Selling		86,303		6.6			72,156		6.5
General and administrative		116,486		8.9			65,082		5.8
Selling, general and administrative - ESOP special dividend compensation		78,142		6.0			—		—
Loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and    disposal activities		4,466		0.3			1,572		0.1
Intangible amortization		24,435		1.9			5,945		0.5
Income (loss) from operations		(102,108	)	(7.8	)		122,708		11.0
Interest expense		70,787		5.4			14,028		1.3
Derivative loss (gains) and other expense (income), net		118		—			(86	)	—
Income (loss) before income taxes		(173,013	)	(13.3	)		108,766		9.8
Income tax expense		22,855		1.8			28,968		2.6
Equity in net loss (income) of unconsolidated affiliates		(538	)	—			225		—
Net income (loss)		(195,330	)	(15.0	)		79,573		7.2
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		149		—			2,811		0.3
Net income (loss) attributable to ADS	$	(195,479	)	(15.0	)%	$	76,762		6.9	%

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Net sales - Net sales increased by $190.5 million, of which $111.2 million represented sales from Infiltrator Water Technologies. Net sales excluding Infiltrator Water Technologies are referred to as organic sales, a non-GAAP measure.

	Nine Months Ended
	December 31, 2019								December 31, 2018
	Net Sales			Intersegment Net Sales			Net Sales from External Customers		Net Sales		Intersegment Net Sales		Net Sales from External Customers
Pipe	$	751,483		$	(684	)	$	750,799	$	688,025	$	—	$	688,025
Infiltrator Water Technologies		136,972			(25,738	)		111,234		—		—		—
International
International - Pipe		92,242			—			92,242		108,036		—		108,036
International - Allied Products		33,330			—			33,330		31,533		—		31,533
Total International		125,572			—			125,572		139,569		—		139,569
Allied Products & Other		315,432			—			315,432		284,921		—		284,921
Intersegment Eliminations		(26,422	)		26,422			—		—		—		—
Total Consolidated	$	1,303,037		$	—		$	1,303,037	$	1,112,515	$	—	$	1,112,515

• Pipe net sales to all customers for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 increased by $63.5 million, or 9.2%, compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase was due to an increase of $66.7 million from pipe volume offset by a $3.2 million decrease as a result of price and product mix.

• Infiltrator Water Technologies net sales to all customers increased by $137.0 million. The Company acquired Infiltrator Water Technologies in fiscal year 2020 and therefore did not report any Infiltrator Water Technologies sales in the nine months ended December 31, 2018.

• International net sales for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 decreased by $14.0 million, or 10.0%, compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2018. International Pipe sales decreased by $15.8 million, attributable to volume decreases, offset by an increase of $1.8 million in International Allied Product Sales.

• Allied Products & Other net sales for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 increased by $30.5 million, or 10.7%, compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase was due to an increase in price and product mix of $17.7 million and an increase in sales volume of $11.8 million.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Cost of goods sold and Gross profit - Cost of goods sold increased by $250.3 million, or 29.6%, and gross profit decreased by $59.7 million, or 22.3% in the nine months ended December 31, 2019 over the comparable period in the previous year. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to the ESOP special dividend compensation expense of $168.6 million allocated to Cost of goods sold. Gross profit excluding Infiltrator Water Technologies, referred to as organic gross profit, a non-GAAP measure, increased 21.8%.

	For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018		$ Variance			% Variance
	(In thousands)
Pipe	$	146,212		$	110,655	$	35,557			32.1	%
International		24,562			26,617		(2,055	)		(7.7	)
Allied Products & Other		154,914			130,191		24,723			19.0
Organic gross profit		325,688			267,463		58,225			21.8
Infiltrator Water Technologies		52,505			—		52,505			100.0
Cost of goods sold - ESOP special dividend compensation		(168,610	)		—		(168,610	)		100.0
Intersegment eliminations		(1,859	)		—		(1,859	)		100.0
Total gross profit	$	207,724		$	267,463	$	(59,739	)		(22.3	%)

• Pipe gross profit increased primarily due to the increase in volume sold, offset by the decrease in the price and product mix of net sales discussed above. The increase in Pipe gross profit was also attributable to lower material and transportation cost, which was partially offset by higher labor and overhead costs.

• The Company acquired Infiltrator Water Technologies in fiscal year 2020 and therefore did not report any Infiltrator Water Technologies gross profit in the nine months ended December 31, 2018.

• International gross profit decreased primarily due to the decreased sales discussed above.

• Allied Products & Other gross profit increased primarily due to the increase in net sales discussed above and lower labor and overhead costs.

Selling expenses - As a percentage of net sales, selling expenses remained consistent at 6.6% in the nine months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to 6.5% in the nine months ended December 31, 2018.

General and administrative expenses - General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 increased $51.4 million from the prior year period. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $22.2 million in transaction costs primarily related to the Acquisition, $9.4 million in general and administrative expenses at Infiltrator Water Technologies, $12.8 million increase in salary, bonus, ESOP and stock-based compensation expenses to support growth and $3.6 million of strategic growth and operational improvement initiatives expenses.

Loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities - In the nine months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded $4.5 million of expense related to loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities compared to $1.6 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase is primarily due to $2.4 million of Acquisition related severance and other costs. See “Note 2. Loss on Disposal of Assets and Costs from Exit and Disposal Activities” for additional discussion.

Intangible amortization - Intangible amortization increased as a percentage of net sales primarily due the addition of intangible assets related to the Acquisition.

Interest expense - Interest expense increased $56.8 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase was primarily due to $33.2 million of the write-off of deferred financing costs and $4.2 million prepayment penalty from the extinguishment of debt instruments. The

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

remainder of the increase was due to increased debt levels and changes in interest rates. See “Note 11. Debt” for additional discussion.

Derivative losses (gains) and other expense (income), net – Derivative loss (gains) and other (expense) income, net decreased by $0.2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The decrease is primarily due to changes in realized gains and losses from diesel fuel collars.

Income tax expense – For the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had effective tax rates of (13.2%) and 26.6%, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a discrete income tax event related to stock appreciation from the additional ESOP shares allocated and the Acquisition. See “Note 13. Income Taxes” for additional information.

Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates - Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates represents our proportionate share of income or loss attributed to our unconsolidated joint venture in which we have significant influence, but not control, over operations. The Equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates increased to a $0.5 million income for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 from a $0.2 million loss for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. In fiscal 2019, our proportionate share of income or loss in BaySaver was included in equity in net (income) loss of unconsolidated affiliates.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest - Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest decreased from net income of $2.8 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 to net income of $0.1 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. The change is primarily attributable to fluctuations in the profitability of ADS Mexicana.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin - Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, which are non-GAAP financial measures, has been presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as supplemental measures of financial performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with GAAP. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, non-cash charges and certain other expenses. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are included in this Form 10-Q because they are key metrics used by management and our board of directors to assess our consolidated financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are frequently used by analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry. In addition to covenant compliance and executive performance evaluations, we use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin to supplement GAAP measures of performance to evaluate the effectiveness of our consolidated business strategies, to make budgeting decisions and to compare our performance against that of other peer companies using similar measures. We use Adjusted EBITDA Margin to evaluate our ability to generate profitable sales.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are not GAAP measures of our financial performance and should not be considered as alternatives to net income as measures of financial performance or cash flows from operations or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP, and it should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin contain certain other limitations, including the failure to reflect our cash expenditures, cash requirements for working capital needs, cash costs to replace assets being depreciated and amortized and interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest on principal payments on our indebtedness. In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, you should be aware that in the future we will incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in this presentation, such as stock-based compensation expense, derivative fair value adjustments, and foreign currency transaction losses. Management compensates for these limitations by relying on our GAAP results in addition to using Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin supplementally. Our measures of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to different methods of calculation.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net income, the most comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	23,659		$	16,550		$	(195,330	)	$	79,573
Depreciation and amortization		31,172			17,549			74,432			52,912
Interest expense		13,191			5,695			70,787			14,028
Income tax expense		4,032			2,490			22,855			28,968
EBITDA		72,054			42,284			(27,256	)		175,481
Loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit    and disposal activities		1,755			144			4,466			1,572
ESOP and stock-based compensation expense		11,283			4,382			27,365			16,142
ESOP special dividend compensation(a)		—			—			246,752			—
Transaction costs(b)		1,814			83			22,649			404
Inventory step up related to the Acquisition		2,107			—			7,880			—
Strategic growth and operational    improvement initiatives(c)		1,735			1,010			4,631			1,010
Other adjustments(d)		566			531			3,287			489
Adjusted EBITDA	$	91,314		$	48,434		$	289,774		$	195,098
Adjusted EBITDA Margin		23.2	%		15.2	%		22.2	%		17.5	%

(a) In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company paid a special dividend of $1.00 per share. The dividend was used to pay back a portion of the ESOP loan resulting in $246.8 million in additional stock-based compensation. See “Note 9. Net Income Per Share and Stockholders’ Equity” for additional information.

(b) Represents expenses recorded related to legal, accounting and other professional fees incurred in connection with business or asset acquisitions and dispositions.

(c) Represents professional fees incurred in connection with our strategic growth and operational improvement initiatives, which include various market feasibility assessments and acquisition strategies, along with our operational improvement initiatives, which include evaluation of our manufacturing network and improvement initiatives.

(d) Includes derivative fair value adjustments, foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, the proportionate share of interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization related to the South American Joint Venture, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting, contingent consideration remeasurement, executive retirement expense (benefit) and restatement related costs. The other adjustments in fiscal 2020 also includes expenses related to the ADS Mexicana’s investigation as described in “Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies”. The other adjustments for fiscal 2019 also includes insurance proceeds received in connection with the Company’s restatement of prior period financial statements as reflected on the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015 and the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, as amended.

The following table presents our Adjusted EBITDA for the Company prior to the Acquisition (“Legacy ADS”), which consists of the combination of the Segment Adjusted Gross Profit for Pipe, Allied Products & Other, and International plus the portion of corporate and selling expenses which impacts Adjusted EBITDA and Infiltrator Water Technologies prior to the Acquisition (“Legacy Infiltrator Water Technologies”), which consists of the combination of the Segment Adjusted Gross Profit for Infiltrator Water Technologies plus the portion of corporate and selling expenses which impacts Adjusted EBITDA.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(In thousands)						(In thousands)
Legacy ADS Adjusted EBITDA
Pipe Adjusted Gross Profit	$	61,025		$	41,696		$	192,764		$	153,723
International Adjusted Gross Profit		9,066			9,257			29,134			31,131
Allied Products & Other Adjusted Gross Profit		42,818			37,656			157,626			133,828
Unallocated corporate and selling expenses		(47,257	)		(40,175	)		(139,489	)		(123,584	)
Legacy ADS Adjusted EBITDA	$	65,652		$	48,434		$	240,035		$	195,098
Legacy Infiltrator Water Technologies Adjusted EBITDA
Infiltrator Water Technologies Adjusted Gross Profit		34,735			—			64,879			—
Unallocated corporate and selling expenses		(8,192	)		—			(13,281	)		—
Legacy Infiltrator Water Technologies Adjusted EBITDA	$	26,543		$	—		$	51,598		$	—
Intersegment eliminations		(881	)		—			(1,859	)		—
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA	$	91,314		$	48,434		$	289,774		$	195,098

 Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically we have funded our operations through internally generated cash flow supplemented by debt financings, equity issuance and finance and operating leases. These sources have been sufficient historically to fund our primary liquidity requirements, including working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and dividend payments for our convertible preferred stock and common stock. From time to time, we may explore additional financing methods and other means to raise capital. There can be no assurance that any additional financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.

The following table presents key liquidity metrics utilized by management. The table includes the Non-GAAP measures, Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow Conversion, which are further discussed and defined below.

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2019			2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	296,318		$	148,022
Capital expenditures		(46,293	)		(31,130	)
Free Cash Flow		250,025			116,892
Free Cash Flow Conversion		84.4	%		79.0	%
Total debt (debt and finance lease obligations)		1,069,238
Cash		98,312
Net debt (total debt less cash)		970,926
Leverage ratio		3.0

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $148.3 million to $296.3 million, as compared to $148.0 million in the prior year, primarily due to improvements in profitability and working capital. Free cash flow (Non-GAAP) increased $133.1 million to $250.0 million, as compared to $116.9 million in the prior year. Net debt (total debt and finance lease obligations net of cash) was $970.9 million as of December 31, 2019. The Company’s leverage ratio, a non-GAAP measure, is calculated as trailing twelve month Adjusted EBITDA divided by net debt.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

The following table summarizes our available liquidity as of December 31, 2019.

(Amounts in thousands)	December 31, 2019
Revolver capacity	$	350,000
Less: outstanding borrowings		—
Less: letters of credit		8,505
Revolver available liquidity	$	341,495

In addition to the available liquidity above, we have the ability to borrow up to $1.3 billion under our Term Loan Facility, subject to leverage ratio restrictions.

As of December 31, 2019, we had $26.8 million in cash that was held by our foreign subsidiaries. We continue to evaluate our strategy regarding foreign cash, but our earnings in foreign subsidiaries still remain indefinitely reinvested.

Debt and Equity Financing Transactions

As further described below, during the nine months ended December 31, 2019, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a series of transactions that resulted in the refinancing of the existing external borrowings of the Company with the new financings, as well as the completion of an underwritten public offering of common stock. These financing activities were effected in connection with the completion of the Acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies.

On July 29, 2019, the Company repaid in full all of its outstanding indebtedness and other obligations totaling $104.4 million under the Shelf Note Agreement by using borrowings from the Company’s existing credit facility under the PNC Credit Agreement. Concurrently with the repayment, all security interests and liens securing the Shelf Note Agreement were terminated and released, and the Shelf Note Agreement was terminated.

On July 31, 2019, the Company entered into the Base Credit Agreement with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and the several lenders from time to time party thereto, pursuant to which the Company borrowed under the Credit Agreement which borrowings were used to (i) finance the Merger Consideration for the acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies, (ii) repay the total outstanding amount under the existing PNC Credit Agreement, (iii) repay outstanding amounts of existing indebtedness incurred by Infiltrator Water Technologies under its outstanding credit facility in effect prior to the Acquisition, and (iv) pay certain transaction fees and expenses associated with the Acquisition and the Credit Agreement.

Thereafter, on the Acquisition Closing Date, using borrowings of the Bridge Loan Facility and Bridge Revolving Facility under the Bridge Credit Facility, the Company repaid in full all of its indebtedness and other obligations totaling $239.2 million under the PNC Credit Agreement. Concurrently with the repayment, all security interests and liens securing the PNC Credit Agreement were terminated and released and the PNC Credit Agreement was terminated.

On September 10, 2019, the Company closed the underwritten public offering of common stock (the “Common Stock Offering”) and received net proceeds of approximately $293.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses, the proceeds of which were used in part to repay outstanding borrowings under the Bridge Credit Facility. On September 23, 2019, the Company issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of its Senior Notes, the proceeds of which were used in part to repay outstanding borrowings under the Bridge Credit Facility.

On September 24, 2019, the Company entered into the Senior Secured Credit Facility that amended certain pricing and related terms under the Base Credit Agreement. In connection with the Senior Secured Credit Facility, the Company also prepaid outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan Facility of the Senior Secured Credit Facility in an aggregate principal amount of $600 million.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Working Capital and Cash Flows

As of December 31, 2019, we had $439.8 million in liquidity, including $98.3 million of cash, $341.5 million in borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Agreement, net of $8.5 million of outstanding letters of credit. We believe that our cash on hand, together with the availability of borrowings under our new Credit Agreement and other financing arrangements and cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements, anticipated capital expenditures, scheduled principal and interest payments on our indebtedness and the dividend payment requirement for our convertible preferred stock for at least the next twelve months.

Working Capital - Working capital increased to $303.7 million as of December 31, 2019, from $260.2 million as of March 31, 2019. The increase in working capital is primarily due to the addition of Infiltrator Water Technologies working capital of $29.1 million. Excluding the impact of Infiltrator Water Technologies, working capital increased due to improved collections of our accounts receivable, as well as improved payment terms on our accounts payable, a reduction in slow-moving inventory and lower material costs.  Due to restrictions until March 2020 on our ability to repay our debt without penalty, we only utilized a portion of our cash balance to pay down debt.

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2019			2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	296,318		$	148,022
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,135,862	)		(30,021	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		928,416			(115,379	)

Operating Cash Flows - Cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 was $296.3 million as compared with cash provided by operating activities of $148.0 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. Cash flows from operating activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2019 was primarily impacted by changes in working capital, including accounts receivable, inventory and current liabilities.

Investing Cash Flows - During the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, cash used in investing activities was $1,135.9 million and $30.0 million, respectively. The increase in cash used for investing activities was primarily due to the Acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies, net of cash acquired. Capital expenditures during the nine months ended December 31, 2019 increased by $15.2 million compared to the same period in fiscal 2019. Our capital expenditures for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 were used primarily for new equipment and facility expansions and upgrades.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Financing Cash Flows - During the nine months ended December 31, 2019, cash provided by financing activities was $928.4 million due to the new Term Loan Facility, Senior Notes and common stock offering. These cash inflows were offset by the repayment of the PNC Credit Agreement and Prudential Senior Notes, the special and quarterly dividend payments of $83.8 million and payments on our finance lease obligations of $18.4 million. The table below summarizes the cash flows from the Acquisition, and the related debt and equity transactions.

(Amounts in thousands)	Sources		Uses
Bridge Loan Facility	$	1,300,000	$	—
Bridge Revolver		145,000		—
PNC Credit Agreement draw		104,429		—
Prudential Senior Notes payoff		—		(104,429	)
PNC Credit Agreement payoff		—		(239,240	)
Acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies,   fair value of consideration transferred		—		(1,146,526	)
Common stock offering, net of offering costs		293,648		—
Bridge Loan Facility - payment		—		(300,000	)
Proceeds from Senior Notes Issuance		350,000		—
Bridge Loan Facility - payment		—		(300,000	)
Term Loan Facility		700,000		—
Bridge Loan Facility - payment		—		(700,000	)
Debt issuance costs		—		(34,606	)
Cash to Balance Sheet		—		(68,276	)
Total	$	2,893,077	$	(2,893,077	)

During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, cash used in financing activities was $115.4 million due to net payments on our Revolving Credit Facility, payments on our Senior Notes, dividends paid, payments on our capital lease obligations and the acquisition of noncontrolling interest in BaySaver.

Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow Conversion - Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents cash flow from operations less capital expenditures. Free cash flow and free cash flow conversion are measures used by management and our Board of Directors to assess our ability to generate cash. Free cash flow conversion is a non-GAAP financial measure that comprises free cash flow divided by cash flow from operations. Accordingly, free cash flow and free cash flow conversion have been presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as supplemental measures of liquidity that is not required by, or presented in accordance with GAAP, because management believes that free cash flow and free cash flow conversion provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our ability to generate cash flow from operations after capital expenditures.

Free cash flow and free cash flow conversion are not GAAP measures of our liquidity and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of liquidity or any other liquidity measure derived in accordance with GAAP. Our measures of free cash flow and free cash flow conversion are not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to different methods of calculation.

The following table presents a reconciliation of free cash flow and free cash flow conversion to Cash flow from operating activities, the most comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated.

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Cash flow from operating activities	$	296,318		$	148,022
Capital expenditures		(46,293	)		(31,130	)
Free Cash Flow	$	250,025		$	116,892
Free Cash Flow Conversion		84.4	%		79.0	%

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures totaled $46.3 million and $31.1 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Infiltrator Water Technologies capital expenditures for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 was $16.4 million of our total capital expenditures. Our capital expenditures for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 were used primarily to support facility expansions, equipment replacements, our recycled resin initiatives and technology.

We currently anticipate that we will make capital expenditures of approximately $75 to $85 million in fiscal year 2020. Such capital expenditures are expected to be financed using funds generated by operations. As of December 31, 2019, there were no material contractual obligations or commitments related to these planned capital expenditures, except as disclosed in “Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies.”

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”)

The Company established the Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. ESOP (the “ESOP” or the “Plan”) effective April 1, 1993 to enable eligible employees to acquire stock ownership in ADS in the form of redeemable convertible preferred shares. The Plan was funded by an existing tax-qualified profit-sharing retirement plan, as well as a 30-year term loan from ADS. Within 30 days following the repayment of the ESOP loan, which will occur no later than March 2023, the ESOP committee can direct the shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock owned by the ESOP to be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company is obligated to make contributions to the Plan, which, when aggregated with the Plan’s dividends, equal the amount necessary to enable the Plan to make its regularly scheduled payments of principal and interest due on its term loan to ADS. Compensation expense is recognized based upon the average annual fair value of the shares during the period which ADS receives payments on the term loan, and the number of ESOP shares allocated to participant accounts.

As disclosed in “Note 16. Employee Benefit Plans” to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K, redeemable convertible preferred stock can convert to common stock upon retirement, disability, death, or vested terminations over the life of the Plan. As stated above, within 30 days following the repayment of the ESOP loan, all redeemable convertible preferred stock will be converted to common stock, which will be no later than March 2023.

The ESOP’s conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock will have a meaningful impact on the Company’s net income, net income per share and common shares outstanding. The outstanding shares of common stock would be 28% greater after conversion.

Impact on Net Income - Following the repayment of the ESOP loan discussed above, the Company will no longer be required to apply the two-class method to determine Net income per share. In addition, the Company would not be required to recognize the fair value of ESOP deferred compensation attributable to the shares of redeemable convertible preferred shares allocated.

The impact of the ESOP on net income includes the fair value of ESOP deferred compensation attributable to the shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock allocated to employee ESOP accounts during the applicable period, which is a non-cash charge to our earnings and not deductible for income tax purposes.

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Net income (loss) attributable to ADS	$	23,288	$	15,812	$	(195,479	)	$	76,762
ESOP special dividend compensation		—		—		246,752			—
ESOP deferred stock-based compensation		7,411		2,724		18,481			11,113

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Impact on Common Stock Outstanding - The repayment of the ESOP loan and related conversion of redeemable convertible preferred shares will have an impact on the number of common shares outstanding. As shares are converted, the number of common shares outstanding will increase.

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(Shares in millions)				(Shares in millions)
Weighted average common shares outstanding		68.5		57.1		62.1		56.9
Conversion of redeemable convertible shares		17.1		17.7		17.3		17.8

Financing Transactions

PNC Term Loans - On June 22, 2017, we entered into the PNC Credit Agreement, which amends and restates the original agreement dated as of June 12, 2013, which provided us with a $550 million revolving credit facility, which is more fully described in our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K. On the Closing Date, using borrowings of the new Term Loan Facility the Company repaid in full all of its and its subsidiaries indebtedness and other obligations totaling $239.2 million under the PNC Credit Agreement. Concurrently with the repayment, all security interests and liens held by the Collateral Agent (as defined in the PNC Credit Agreement) securing the PNC Credit Agreement were terminated and released and the PNC Credit Agreement was terminated.

ADS Mexicana Revolving Credit Facility - The Company and ADS Mexicana entered into an Intercompany Revolving Credit Promissory Note (the “Intercompany Note”) with a capacity of $12.0 million on June 22, 2018. The Intercompany Note matures on June 22, 2022. The Intercompany Note indemnifies the ADS Mexicana joint venture partner for 49% of any unpaid borrowing. The interest rates under the Intercompany Note are determined by certain base rates or LIBOR rates plus an applicable margin based on the Leverage Ratio. As of December 31, 2019, there were no borrowings under the Intercompany Note.

Prudential Senior Notes - On June 22, 2017, we entered into the Shelf Note Agreement to provide for the issuance of secured senior notes to the Shelf Note Lenders from time to time in the aggregate principal amount of up to $175 million, which is more fully described in our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K. On July 29, 2019, the Company repaid in full all of its and its subsidiaries indebtedness and other obligations totaling $104.4 million under the Shelf Note Agreement using borrowings from the PNC Credit Agreement as in effect as of July 29, 2019. Concurrently with the repayment, the Prudential Shelf Noteholders authorized and directed PNC Bank, National Association, in its capacity as Collateral Agent (as defined in the Shelf Note Agreement) to release the security interests and liens securing the Shelf Note Agreement and the Shelf Note Agreement was terminated.

Bridge Credit Facility – On July 31, 2019, we entered into the Base Credit Agreement with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent and the several lenders from time to time party thereto. The Base Credit Agreement provides for up to $1.3 billion as a Term Loan Facility, up to $350 million as a Revolving Facility, up to $50 million as an L/C Facility and up to $50 million, as a sublimit of the Revolving Facility.

On July 31, 2019, the Company borrowed under the Base Credit Agreement which was used to (i) finance the Merger Consideration paid in connection with the closing of the acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies by us which occurred on July 31, 2019 (the “Merger”), (ii) and repay the total outstanding amount as of the Closing Date under the PNC Credit Agreement, (iii) repay outstanding amounts of existing indebtedness incurred by Infiltrator Water Technologies under its outstanding credit facility in effect prior to the Acquisition, and (iv) pay certain transaction fees and expenses associated with the Acquisition and the Base Credit Agreement.

New Senior Secured Credit Facility - On September 24, 2019, the joint lead arrangers informed the Company that the parties had successfully completed a syndication of the remaining balance of the Bridge credit Facility. The Senior Secured Credit Facility provided for a Term Loan Facility with an initial aggregate amount of $700 million, up to $350 million as a Revolving Facility, up to $50 million as an L/C Facility and up to $50 million, as a sublimit of the Revolving Facility.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

The Term Loan Facility must be repaid in equal quarterly installments commencing on January 1, 2020 and continuing on the first day of each consecutive April, July, October and January thereafter. To the extent not previously paid, all then-outstanding amounts under the Term Loan Facility are due and payable on the maturity date of the Term Loan Facility, which is seven years from the Closing Date. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility are available beginning on the Closing Date and, to the extent not previously paid, all then-outstanding amounts under the Revolving Facility are due and payable on the maturity date of the Revolving Facility, which is five years from the Closing Date.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility includes customary representations, warranties, covenants and events of default.

At the option of the Company, borrowings under the Term Loan Facility and under the Revolving Facility (subject to certain limitations) bear interest at either a base rate (as determined pursuant to the Senior Secured Credit Facility) or at a Eurocurrency Rate, based on LIBOR (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility), plus the applicable margin as set forth therein from time to time. In the case of the Revolving Facility, the applicable margin is based on the Company’s consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility). All borrowings under the Term Loan Facility used to finance the Merger Consideration as described above initially bear interest at a Eurocurrency Rate (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility).

The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement have been secured by granting a first priority lien on substantially all of the Company’s assets (subject to certain exceptions and limitations), and each of StormTech, LLC, Advanced Drainage of Ohio, Inc. and Infiltrator Water Technologies, LLC (collectively the “Guarantors”) has agreed to guarantee the obligations of the Company under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and to secure the obligations thereunder by granting a first priority lien in substantially all of such Guarantor’s assets (subject to certain exceptions and limitations).

The Senior Secured Credit Facility requires, if the aggregate amount of outstanding exposure under the Revolving Facility exceeds $122.5 million at the end of any fiscal quarter, the Company to maintain a consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio (commencing with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2020) not to exceed 4.25 to 1.00 for any four consecutive fiscal quarter periods.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility also includes other covenants, including negative covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit the Company’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility) ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt, including guarantees; (ii) create liens upon any of their property; (iii) enter into any merger, consolidation or amalgamation, liquidate, wind up or dissolve, or dispose of all or substantially all of their property or business; (iv) dispose of assets; (v) pay subordinated debt; (vi) make certain investments; (vii) enter into swap agreements; (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates; (ix) engage in new lines of business; (x) modify certain material contractual obligations, organizational documents, accounting policies or fiscal year; or (xi) create or permit restrictions on the ability of any subsidiary of any Loan Party (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility) to pay dividends or make distributions to the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility also contains customary provisions requiring the following mandatory prepayments (subject to certain exceptions and limitations): (i) annual prepayments (beginning with the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021) with a percentage of excess cash flow (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility); (ii) 100% of the net cash proceeds from any non-ordinary course sale of assets and certain casualty or condemnation events; and (iii) 100% of the net cash proceeds of indebtedness not permitted to be incurred under the Senior Secured Credit Facility.

Issuance of Senior Notes due 2027 - On September 23, 2019, the Company issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of its Senior Notes, pursuant to the Indenture among the Company, the Guarantors and the Trustee. The Senior Notes are guaranteed by each of the Company’s present and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries that is a guarantor under the Company's Senior Secured Credit Facility. The Senior Notes were offered and sold either to persons reasonably believed to be “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act or to persons outside the United States under Regulation S of the Securities Act.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Interest on the Senior Notes will be payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on March 31 and September 30 of each year, commencing on March 31, 2020, at a rate of 5.000% per annum. The Senior Notes will mature on September 30, 2027. The Company used the majority of the net proceeds from the offering of the Senior Notes for the repayment of $300.0 million of its outstanding borrowings under the Company’s Bridge Loan Facility.

The Company may redeem the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 30, 2022 at established redemption prices. At any time prior to September 30, 2022, the Company may also redeem up to 40% of the Senior Notes with net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 105.000% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to September 30, 2022, the Company may redeem the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date plus an applicable “make-whole” premium.

The Indenture contains customary events of default, including, among other things, payment default, failure to comply with covenants or agreements contained in the Indenture or the Senior Notes and certain provisions related to bankruptcy events. The Indenture also contains customary negative covenants.

Covenant Compliance

The Senior Secured Credit Facility requires, if the aggregate amount of outstanding exposure under the Revolving Facility exceeds $122.5 million at the end of any fiscal quarter, the Company to maintain a consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio (commencing with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2020) not to exceed 4.25 to 1.00 for any four consecutive fiscal quarter periods.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility also includes other covenants, including negative covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit the Company’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ (as defined in the Credit Agreement) ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt, including guarantees; (ii) create liens upon any of their property; (iii) enter into any merger, consolidation or amalgamation, liquidate, wind up or dissolve, or dispose of all or substantially all of their property or business; (iv) dispose of assets; (v) pay subordinated debt; (vi) make certain investments; (vii) enter into swap agreements; (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates; (ix) engage in new lines of business; (x) modify certain material contractual obligations, organizational documents, accounting policies or fiscal year; or (xi) create or permit restrictions on the ability of any subsidiary of any Loan Party (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility) to pay dividends or make distributions to the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility also contains customary provisions requiring the following mandatory prepayments (subject to certain exceptions and limitations): (i) annual prepayments (beginning with the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021) with a percentage of excess cash flow (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility); (ii) 100% of the net cash proceeds from any non-ordinary course sale of assets and certain casualty or condemnation events; and (iii) 100% of the net cash proceeds of indebtedness not permitted to be incurred under the Senior Secured Credit Facility.

For further information, see “Note 11. Debt” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report. We are in compliance with our debt covenants as of December 31, 2019.

Universal Shelf Registration Statement

On August 1, 2019, the Company filed a universal shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) with the SEC in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Registration Statement was declared effective on August 14, 2019. The Registration Statement registers debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, purchase contracts, units, subscription rights and any combination of the foregoing, for a maximum aggregate offering price of up to $500 million, which may be sold from time to time. The terms of any securities offered under the Registration Statement and intended use of proceeds will be established at the times of the offerings and will be described in prospectus supplements filed with the SEC at the times of the offerings. The Registration Statement will have a three year term from the date of effectiveness.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Common Stock Offering

On September 10, 2019, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 10,350,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, which included the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a price of $29.75 per share, before underwriting discounts and commissions. The common stock was sold pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement and related prospectus supplement. We received proceeds of approximately $293.6 million from the issuance after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company used the net proceeds for the repayment of a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, with the remaining proceeds used for general corporate purposes.

Contractual Obligations as of December 31, 2019

	Payments Due by Period
(Amounts in thousands)	Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than 5 Years
Contractual obligations:
Long-term debt(1)	$	1,001,728	$	7,954	$	14,774	$	14,000	$	965,000
Interest payments(2)		310,712		44,893		88,712		87,623		89,484
Operating leases		26,267		7,284		8,899		3,715		6,369
Finance leases		79,011		24,514		34,595		14,276		5,626
Total	$	1,417,718	$	84,645	$	146,980	$	119,614	$	1,066,479

(1) The Term Loan matures in 2026 and the Senior Notes mature in 2027.

(2) Based on applicable rates and pricing margins as of December 31, 2019.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Excluding the guarantees of 50% of certain debt of our unconsolidated South American Joint Venture as further discussed in “Note 10. Related Party Transactions” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements. As of December 31, 2019, our South American Joint Venture had approximately $10.6 million of outstanding debt subject to our guarantees. We do not believe that this guarantee will have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

With the exception of the accounting pronouncements adopted during fiscal 2020 discussed in “Note 1. Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 5. Leases,” there have been no changes in critical accounting policies from those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

 Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) includes forward-looking statements. Some of the forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terms such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or other comparable terms. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not related to present facts or current conditions or that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this Form 10-Q and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth strategies, and the industries in which we operate and include, without limitation, statements relating to our future performance.

Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual consolidated results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and industry development may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, even if our actual consolidated results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and industry development are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods. A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in or implied by the forward-looking statements, including those reflected in forward-looking statements relating to our operations and business, the risks and uncertainties discussed in this Form 10-Q (including under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”), and those described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those reflected in forward-looking statements relating to our operations and business include:

• fluctuations in the price and availability of resins and other raw materials and our ability to pass any increased costs of raw materials on to our customers in a timely manner;

• volatility in general business and economic conditions in the markets in which we operate, including without limitation, factors relating to availability of credit, interest rates, fluctuations in capital and business and consumer confidence;

• cyclicality and seasonality of the non-residential and residential construction markets and infrastructure spending;

• the risks of increasing competition in our existing and future markets, including competition from both manufacturers of high performance thermoplastic corrugated pipe and manufacturers of products using alternative materials;

• uncertainties surrounding the integration of acquisitions and similar transactions, including the recently completed acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies and the integration of Infiltrator Water Technologies;

• our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from the acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies;

• risks that the acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies and related transactions may involve unexpected costs, liabilities or delays

• our ability to continue to convert current demand for concrete, steel and polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”) pipe products into demand for our high performance thermoplastic corrugated pipe and Allied Products;

• the effect of weather or seasonality;

• the loss of any of our significant customers;

• the risks of doing business internationally;

• our ability to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, including remediation of the control environment for our joint venture affiliate ADS Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. as described in “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” of our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K;

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• the risks of conducting a portion of our operations through joint ventures;

• our ability to expand into new geographic or product markets, including risks associated with new markets and products associated with our recent acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies; our ability to achieve the acquisition component of our growth strategy;

• the risk associated with manufacturing processes;

• our ability to manage our assets;

• the risks associated with our product warranties;

• our ability to manage our supply purchasing and customer credit policies;

• the risks associated with our self-insured programs;

• our ability to control labor costs and to attract, train and retain highly qualified employees and key personnel;

• our ability to protect our intellectual property rights;

• changes in laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations;

• our ability to project product mix;

• the risks associated with our current levels of indebtedness, including borrowings under our new Credit Agreement and outstanding indebtedness under our Senior Notes;

• the nature, cost and outcome of any future litigation and other legal proceedings, including any such proceedings related to our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies as may be instituted against the Company and others;

• fluctuations in our effective tax rate, including from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017;

• changes to our operating results, cash flows and financial condition attributable to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017;

• our ability to meet future capital requirements and fund our liquidity needs;

• the risk that information may arise that would require the Company to make adjustments or revisions or to restate further the financial statements and other financial data for certain prior periods and any future periods;

• any delay in the filing of any filings with the SEC;

• the review of potential weaknesses or deficiencies in the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and discovering further weaknesses of which we are not currently aware or which have not been detected; and

• additional uncertainties related to accounting issues generally.

All forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this report and we do not undertake any obligation, other than as may be required by law, to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect future events or developments. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends, or indications of future performance, unless expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are subject to various market risks, primarily related to changes in interest rates, credit, raw material supply prices and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange rates. Our financial position, results of operations or cash flows may be negatively impacted in the event of adverse movements in the respective market rates or prices in each of these risk categories. Our exposure in each category is limited to those risks that arise in the normal course of business, as we do not engage in speculative, non-operating transactions. Our exposure to market risk has not materially changed from what we previously disclosed in Part II. Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) are responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As previously disclosed in our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K, we concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective based upon the material weakness identified as of March 31, 2019. See “Item 9A - Controls and Procedures” in our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K. Our CEO and CFO have concluded that the material weakness previously identified in the Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K was still present as of December 31, 2019 (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on the material weakness, and the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the Evaluation Date.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

During the nine months ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed the Acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies, see “Note 3. Acquisitions” for additional information on the Acquisition. the Company is currently integrating Infiltrator Water Technologies into its operations and internal control processes and, pursuant to the SEC’s guidance that a recently acquired business may be excluded from the scope of an assessment of internal control over financial reporting in the year of acquisition, the scope of its assessment of the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting at March 31, 2020 will exclude Infiltrator Water Technologies to the extent not integrated into the Company’s control environment.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved from time to time in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including but not limited to commercial disputes, environmental matters, employee related claims, intellectual property disputes and litigation in connection with transactions including acquisitions and divestitures. The Company does not believe that such litigation, claims, and administrative proceedings will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Please see “Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies,” of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following risk factors are related to the acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies and related financings. Additional important risk factors that could affect our operations and financial performance, or that could cause results or events to differ from current expectations, are described in “Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K. These factors are further supplemented by those discussed in “Part II, Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” of our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K and in “Part I, Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” and “Part II, Item 1 — Legal Proceedings” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

We may be unable to successfully integrate our and Infiltrator Water Technologies’ businesses in order to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition or do so within the intended timeframe.

We will be required to devote significant management attention and resources to integrating the business practices and operations of Infiltrator Water Technologies with our business. We may be unable to realize the planned synergies from the acquisition or other benefits in the timeframe that we expect or at all. We continue to assess synergies that we may realize as a combined company, the realization of which will depend on a number of factors.

The success of the acquisition, including anticipated synergies, benefits and cost savings, will depend, in part, on our ability to successfully combine and integrate our current operations with Infiltrator Water Technologies’ business. If we experience difficulties with the integration process or other unforeseen costs, the anticipated benefits and cost savings of the acquisition may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. The integration planning and implementation process will result in significant costs and divert management attention and resources. These integration matters could have an adverse effect on our combined company for an undetermined period after completion of the acquisition. In addition, the actual cost savings of the acquisition could be less than anticipated, or otherwise offset by other factors.

Additional difficulties we may encounter as part of the integration process include the following:

• the costs of integration and compliance and the possibility that the full benefits anticipated to result from our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies will not be realized;

• any delay in the integration of management teams, strategies, operations, products and services;

• diversion of the attention of each company’s management as a result of our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies;

• differences in business backgrounds, corporate cultures and management philosophies that may delay successful integration;

• the ability to retain key employees;

• the ability to create and enforce uniform standards, controls, procedures, policies and information systems;

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

• the challenge of integrating complex systems, technology, networks and other assets of Infiltrator Water Technologies into those of ours in a seamless manner that minimizes any adverse impact on customers, suppliers, employees and other constituencies;

• potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen increased expenses or delays associated with the acquisition, including costs to integrate Infiltrator Water Technologies beyond current estimates; and

• the disruption of, or the loss of momentum in, each company’s ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies.

Any of these factors could adversely affect each company’s ability to maintain relationships with customers, suppliers, employees and other constituencies or our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the acquisition or could reduce each company’s earnings or otherwise adversely affect our business and financial results after the acquisition. These risks are not limited to our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies and could also apply to our future acquisitions.

Uncertainties associated with our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies may cause a loss of management personnel and other key employees, which could adversely affect our future business, operations and financial results.

The acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies could disrupt our and Infiltrator Water Technologies’ businesses. We are dependent on the experience and industry knowledge of senior management and other key employees to execute our business plans, which could be disrupted by the unanticipated departure of any key member of our management team or employee base, as well as management or key employees of Infiltrator Water Technologies. Our and Infiltrator Water Technologies’ current and prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their roles within our company, which may have an adverse effect on the ability of each of us to attract or retain key management and other key personnel.

Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will be able to attract or retain our and Infiltrator Water Technologies’ key management personnel and other key employees to the same extent that our companies have previously been able to attract or retain such employees. In addition, because of the specialized and technical nature of our business, our future performance is dependent on the continued service of, and on our ability to attract and retain, qualified management, engineering, technical, marketing and support personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we may be unable to continue to attract or retain such personnel.

Our results after our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies may suffer if we do not effectively manage our expanded operations following the acquisition.

Following our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies, the size and complexity of our business will increase significantly beyond the current size of either our or Infiltrator Water Technologies’ existing business. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to manage this expanded business, which will pose substantial challenges for management, including challenges related to the management and monitoring of new operations and new types of manufacturing processes and products and associated increased costs and complexity. There can be no assurances that we will be successful after completion of the acquisition or that we will realize the expected benefits currently anticipated from our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies.

The business of Infiltrator Water Technologies may underperform relative to our expectations.

We may not be able to maintain the levels of revenue, earnings or operating efficiency that we and Infiltrator Water Technologies have achieved or might achieve separately. The business and financial performance of Infiltrator Water Technologies is subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including the risk of the loss of, or changes to, its relationships with its customers. We may be unable to achieve the same growth, revenues and profitability that Infiltrator Water Technologies has achieved in the past.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

The unaudited pro forma financial information related to the acquisition may not accurately reflect our financial position or results of operations.

The unaudited pro forma financial information contained in “Note 3 - Acquisitions”  to the notes to our unaudited financial statements included in this Quarterly Report and the unaudited pro forma financing information included in our Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 1, 2019, was presented for illustrative purposes only and may not be an indication of what our financial position or results of operations would have been had the Merger been completed on the dates indicated. The unaudited pro forma financial information was derived from our audited and unaudited historical financial statements along with those of Infiltrator Water Technologies, and certain adjustments and assumptions were made regarding the combined company after giving effect to the Merger. The assets and liabilities of Infiltrator Water Technologies were measured at fair value based on various preliminary estimates using assumptions that Infiltrator Water Technologies’ management believed to be reasonable utilizing information currently available. The process for estimating the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities requires the use of judgment in determining the appropriate assumptions and estimates. These estimates and assumptions may be revised as additional information becomes available and as additional analyses are performed. Differences between preliminary estimates in the pro forma financial information and the final acquisition accounting will occur and could have a material impact on the pro forma financial information and the combined company’s financial position and future results of operations. In addition, the assumptions used in preparing the pro forma financial information may not prove to be accurate, and other factors may affect our financial condition or results of operations following the Merger. Any potential decline in our financial condition or results of operations may cause significant variations in the trading price of our common stock following the Merger.

Our level of indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial conditions or results of operations and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the agreements governing the terms of our indebtedness.

As of December 31, 2019, we had, on a consolidated basis, total indebtedness (excluding capital lease obligations) of approximately $1,002 million (excluding $8.5 million of outstanding letters of credit), excluding $341.5 million of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility portion of the Senior Secured Credit Facility. Our indebtedness could have risks. For example, it could:

• make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the Senior Notes and our Senior Secured Credit Facility;

• increase our vulnerability to and compromise our flexibility to plan for, or react to, general adverse economic, industry or competitive conditions, including interest rate fluctuations, because a portion of our borrowings, will be at variable rates of interest;

• cause us to be unable to meet the financial covenants contained in our debt agreements, or to generate cash sufficient to make required debt payments, which circumstances would have the potential of accelerating the maturity of some or all of our outstanding indebtedness;

• require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, joint ventures and investments and other general corporate purposes, that could improve our competitive position, results of operations or share price;

• require us to sell debt or equity securities or to sell some of our core assets, possibly on unfavorable terms, to meet payment obligations;

• expose us to the risk of increased interest rates, as certain of our borrowings are at variable rates of interest;

• increase our vulnerability to downturns or adverse changes in general economic, industry or competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulations;

• place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that do not have the same level of indebtedness as we do and competitors that may be in a more favorable position to access additional capital resources;

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

• limit our ability to execute business development and acquisition activities to support our strategies;

• limit our ability to obtain additional indebtedness or equity financing for working capital, capital expenditures, service line development, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes due to applicable financial and restrictive covenants in our debt agreements; and

• limit our ability to refinance our substantial indebtedness on more favorable terms.

We expect to pay expenses and to pay principal and interest on current and future debt from cash provided by from operating activities. Therefore, our ability to meet these payment obligations will depend on future financial performance and cash availability, which is subject in part to numerous economic, business and financial factors beyond our control. If our cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay expansion plans and capital expenditures, limit payment of dividends, sell material assets or operations, obtain additional capital or restructure our debt.

We borrowed under our new Credit Agreement to finance our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies. Any failure by us to comply with operating and financial restrictions and covenants under the Senior Secured Credit Facility could result in the accelerated maturity of debt obligations, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity.

In connection with our acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies, we replaced our PNC Credit Agreement and Shelf Note Agreement with the Senior Secured Credit Facility under the new Credit Agreement, which was used to finance the acquisition of Infiltrator Water Technologies. The Credit Agreement contains numerous restrictive covenants that limit our discretion in the operation of our business, which could, in turn, have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain the funds necessary to make required repayments under the Credit Agreement, or if we fail to comply with the requirements of the covenant pertaining to limitations on our indebtedness, we could trigger an event of default under the Credit Agreement. Any default that is not cured or waived could result in the acceleration of the obligations under the Credit Agreement. Any such default which actually causes an acceleration of obligations could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition. Additionally, the covenants in the Credit Agreement may restrict the conduct of our business, which could adversely affect our business by, among other things, limiting our ability to take advantage of financings, mergers, acquisitions and other corporate opportunities that may be beneficial to our business. Our ability to comply with covenants contained in the Credit Agreement may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions.

The credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facility and the Indenture governing our Senior Notes each permit us and our subsidiaries to incur substantial additional indebtedness. This could exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness, including additional secured debt, in the future. Although the terms of the Indenture governing the Senior Notes offered hereby and the Credit Agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facility contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions and the indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. As of December 31, 2019, after giving effect to the Transactions, we would have had, on a consolidated basis, total indebtedness (excluding capital lease obligations) of $1,002 million (excluding $8.5 million of outstanding letters of credit), excluding $341.5 million of undrawn availability under the Revolving Credit Facility portion of the Senior Secured Credit Facility. In addition, the Indenture governing the Senior Notes allows us to issue additional notes under certain circumstances and to incur other types of indebtedness, which will also be guaranteed by the subsidiary guarantors. In addition, the Indenture does prevent us from incurring certain other liabilities that do not constitute “Indebtedness” (as defined in the Indenture). If new debt or other liabilities are added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we and our subsidiaries new face could intensify.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations and to fund working capital, planned capital expenditures and expansion efforts and any strategic alliances or acquisitions we may make in the future depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to assure you that we will maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our debt.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital, restructure or refinance our debt or sell assets. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. If our operating results and available cash are insufficient to meet our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds sought from them, and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. Further, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our debt on or before maturity. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our debt on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

We may have future capital needs and may not be able to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms.

Although we believe that our current cash position and the additional committed funding available under our Senior Secured Credit Facility is sufficient for our current operations, any reductions in our available borrowing capacity, or our inability to renew or replace our debt facilities when required or when business conditions warrant, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The economic conditions, credit market conditions, and economic climate affecting our industry, as well as other factors, may constrain our financing abilities. Our ability to secure additional financing, if available, and to satisfy our financial obligations under indebtedness outstanding from time to time will depend upon our future operating performance, the availability of credit generally, economic conditions and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. The market conditions and the macroeconomic conditions that affect our industry could have a material adverse effect on our ability to secure financing on favorable terms, if at all.

If financing is not available when needed, or is available on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The agreements and instruments governing our indebtedness impose or will impose restrictions that may limit our operating and financial flexibility.

The operating and financial covenants and restrictions in each of the Credit Agreement that governs the Senior Secured Credit Facility and the Indenture that governs the Senior Notes may adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs or engage in other business activities that may be in our interest. The agreements governing our indebtedness will restrict, subject to certain important exceptions and qualifications, our and our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things:

• incur additional debt or issue certain disqualified stock and preferred stock;

• create liens;

• pay dividends or distributions or redeem or repurchase equity;

• prepay subordinated debt or make certain investments;

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

• transfer and sell assets;

• engage in a consolidation or merger, or sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets;

• enter into agreements that restrict dividends, loans and other distributions from our subsidiaries; and

• enter into transactions with affiliates.

These covenants could have the effect of limiting our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business and the markets in which we compete. In addition, the agreements governing our Senior Secured Credit Facility will require us to comply with a financial maintenance covenant. Operating results below current levels or other adverse factors, including a significant increase in interest rates, could result in our being unable to comply with the financial covenant contained in the Credit Agreement. If we violate covenants under the Credit Agreement and are unable to obtain a waiver from our lenders, our indebtedness under our Senior Secured Credit Facility would be in default and could be accelerated by our lenders. Because of cross-default provisions in the agreements and instruments governing our debt, a default under one agreement or instrument could result in a default under, and the acceleration of, our other debt.

If our indebtedness is accelerated, we may not be able to repay our indebtedness or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it. Even if we are able to obtain new financing, it may not be on commercially reasonable terms, on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If our indebtedness is in default for any reason, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, complying with these covenants may also cause us to take actions that are not favorable to holders of the Senior Notes and may make it more difficult for us to successfully execute our business strategy and compete against companies that are not subject to such restrictions.

Item 2.Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities

In February 2017, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50 million of our common stock. Repurchases of common stock will be made in accordance with applicable securities laws. We did not repurchase any shares of common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $42.1 million of common stock may be repurchased under the authorization. The stock repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or terminated at any time at our discretion.

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.Other Information

None.

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description
31.1*	Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer of Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer of Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer of Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104	The cover page for the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2019, has been formatted in Inline XBRL.

* Filed herewith

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Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 6, 2020

ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC.
By:	/s/ D. Scott Barbour
	D. Scott Barbour
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ Scott A. Cottrill
	Scott A. Cottrill
	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
	(Principal Financial Officer)
By:	/s/ Tim A. Makowski
	Tim A. Makowski
	Vice President, Controller, and Chief Accounting Officer

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