Tabula Rasa HealthCare (TRHC) 10-Q 2021 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 001-37888

Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State of incorporation)	46-5726437 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
228 Strawbridge Drive, Suite 100 Moorestown, NJ 08057 (Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)	(866) 648 - 2767 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	TRHC	The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes   ☒   No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ☒	Accelerated filer   ☐	Non-accelerated filer   ☐	Smaller reporting company   ☐
			Emerging growth company   ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

As of October 31, 2021, the Registrant had 25,718,707 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the period ended September 30, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
		Number
PART I	Financial Information	3
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	4
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	5
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	7
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47
PART II	Other Information	48
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	48
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	48
Item 5.	Other Information	48
Item 6.	Exhibits	49
Signatures		50

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	$	11,347	$	23,362
Restricted cash		4,014		5,170
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $297 and $224, respectively		31,736		32,516
Inventories		5,127		4,261
Prepaid expenses		5,344		3,739
Client claims receivable		15,284		14,412
Other current assets		15,398		9,752
Total current assets		88,250		93,212
Property and equipment, net		13,234		15,070
Operating lease right-of-use assets		21,935		21,711
Software development costs, net		40,297		27,882
Goodwill		170,835		170,862
Intangible assets, net		161,626		183,094
Other assets		4,801		2,609
Total assets	$	500,978	$	514,440
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of finance leases	$	—	$	4
Current operating lease liabilities		4,706		4,402
Acquisition-related contingent consideration		—		166
Acquisition-related notes payable		3,995		16,662
Accounts payable		13,019		11,245
Client claims payable		8,157		7,773
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		35,443		31,968
Total current liabilities		65,320		72,220
Line of credit		27,500		10,000
Long-term debt, net		318,969		239,285
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		20,152		20,381
Deferred income tax liability, net		1,226		3,354
Other long-term liabilities		563		671
Total liabilities		433,730		345,911
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020		—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 25,323,087 and 24,222,674 shares issued and 25,032,312 and 24,004,896 shares outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively		2		2
Treasury stock, at cost; 290,775 and 217,778 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively		(4,292)		(4,018)
Additional paid-in capital		310,514		352,445
Accumulated deficit		(238,976)		(179,900)
Total stockholders’ equity		67,248		168,529
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	500,978	$	514,440

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	50,636	$	39,365	$	139,496	$	115,825
Service revenue		35,950		31,141		106,079		104,342
Total revenue		86,586		70,506		245,575		220,167
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below:
Product cost		38,770		28,638		105,326		84,879
Service cost		22,392		20,610		67,126		64,140
Total cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		61,162		49,248		172,452		149,019
Operating expenses:
Research and development		4,984		5,101		14,893		13,750
Sales and marketing		6,218		5,030		18,786		15,597
General and administrative		16,870		15,620		54,360		48,914
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense		—		2,005		—		2,605
Depreciation and amortization		12,099		12,199		35,343		32,323
Total operating expenses		40,171		39,955		123,382		113,189
Loss from operations		(14,747)		(18,697)		(50,259)		(42,041)
Interest expense, net		2,230		4,722		6,959		14,000
Loss before income taxes		(16,977)		(23,419)		(57,218)		(56,041)
Income tax expense (benefit)		134		(1,830)		466		(5,705)
Net loss	$	(17,111)	$	(21,589)	$	(57,684)	$	(50,336)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.73)	$	(0.99)	$	(2.48)	$	(2.33)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		23,407,391		21,779,808		23,230,138		21,571,214

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	Stockholders' Equity
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid-in Capital		Deficit		Equity
Balance, January 1, 2021	24,222,674	$	2	(217,778)	$	(4,018)	$	352,445	$	(179,900)	$	168,529
Cumulative effect of change in accounting policy	—		—	—		—		(74,850)		(1,392)		(76,242)
Issuance of common stock awards	1,416		—	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of restricted stock	629,088		—	—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of restricted shares	—		—	(12,880)		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld	224,503		—	(6,218)		(274)		2,501		—		2,227
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		8,602		—		8,602
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(19,492)		(19,492)
Balance, March 31, 2021	25,077,681		2	(236,876)		(4,292)		288,698		(200,784)		83,624
Issuance of restricted stock	120,598		—	—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of restricted shares	—		—	(22,913)		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld	84,396		—	—		—		885		—		885
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		12,349		—		12,349
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(21,081)		(21,081)
Balance, June 30, 2021	25,282,675		2	(259,789)		(4,292)		301,932		(221,865)		75,777
Issuance of restricted stock	13,290		—	—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of restricted shares	—		—	(30,986)		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld	27,122		—	—		—		571		—		571
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		8,011		—		8,011
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(17,111)		(17,111)
Balance, September 30, 2021	25,323,087	$	2	(290,775)	$	(4,292)	$	310,514	$	(238,976)	$	67,248

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

	Stockholders' Equity
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Common Stock				Treasury Stock			Additional		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid-in Capital		Deficit		Equity
Balance, January 1, 2020	22,496,999		$	2	(175,689)	$	(3,865)	$	288,345	$	(98,934)	$	185,548
Issuance of common stock awards	14,386			—	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of restricted stock	388,108			—	—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of restricted shares	—			—	(33,371)		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld	116,288			—	(1,681)		(91)		1,244		—		1,153
Share adjustment	—			—	12,500		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—			—	—		—		7,137		—		7,137
Net loss	—			—	—		—		—		(14,437)		(14,437)
Balance, March 31, 2020	23,015,781			2	(198,241)		(3,956)		296,726		(113,371)		179,401
Issuance of restricted stock	37,702			—	—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of restricted shares	—			—	(5,807)		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld	105,828			—	—		—		1,159		—		1,159
Stock-based compensation expense	—			—	—		—		7,173		—		7,173
Net loss	—			—	—		—		—		(14,310)		(14,310)
Balance, June 30, 2020	23,159,311			2	(204,048)		(3,956)		305,058		(127,681)		173,423
Issuance of restricted stock	9,290			—	—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of restricted shares	—			—	(6,442)		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld	172,554	���		—	(1,517)		(62)		(2,017)		—		(2,079)
Issuance of common stock in connection with the settlement of acquisition-related contingent consideration	135,434			—	—		—		6,853		—		6,853
Stock-based compensation expense	—			—	—		—		8,098		—		8,098
Net loss	—			—	—		—		—		(21,589)		(21,589)
Balance, September 30, 2020	23,476,589		$	2	(212,007)	$	(4,018)	$	317,992	$	(149,270)	$	164,706

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(57,684)	$	(50,336)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		35,343		32,323
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount		1,714		9,925
Deferred taxes		337		(5,705)
Stock-based compensation		28,962		22,408
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration		—		2,605
Acquisition-related contingent consideration paid		(67)		(2,390)
Other noncash items		9		(70)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net		789		(3,220)
Inventories		(866)		(494)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(6,084)		7,209
Client claims receivables		(872)		—
Other assets		(2,604)		(382)
Accounts payable		1,587		(1,432)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		2,138		(5,408)
Client claims payables		423		—
Other long-term liabilities		(108)		315
Net cash provided by operating activities		3,017		5,348
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,611)		(2,537)
Software development costs		(22,649)		(13,734)
Net cash used in investing activities		(24,260)		(16,271)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		3,683		3,225
Payments for employee taxes for shares withheld		—		(2,993)
Payments for debt financing costs		(8)		(38)
Borrowings on line of credit		17,500		—
Payment of acquisition-related notes payable		(13,000)		—
Payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration		(99)		(3,504)
Repayments of long-term debt and finance leases		(4)		(54)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		8,072		(3,364)
Net decrease in cash and restricted cash		(13,171)		(14,287)
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of period		28,532		46,581
Cash and restricted cash, end of period	$	15,361	$	32,294
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Purchases of property and equipment and software development included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	370	$	103
Cash paid for interest	$	8,169	$	5,690
Cash paid for taxes	$	44	$	290
Interest costs capitalized to software development costs	$	216	$	192
Stock issued in connection with settlement of acquisition-related contingent consideration	$	—	$	6,853
Reconciliation of cash and restricted cash:
Cash	$	11,347	$	28,721
Restricted cash		4,014		3,573
Total cash and restricted cash	$	15,361	$	32,294

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

7

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

1.      Nature of Business

Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc. (the “Company”) is a healthcare technology company advancing the safe use of medications by creating solutions designed to empower pharmacists, providers, and patients to optimize medication regimens. The Company’s advanced proprietary technology, MedWise®, identifies the cause of medication-related problems, including adverse drug events, so healthcare professionals can minimize harm and reduce medication-related risks. Adverse drug events are a large and growing problem with medication therapy, costing an estimated $528 billion annually in the United States (“U.S.”) and resulting in more than 275,000 deaths per year in the U.S. in 2018. The Company’s software and services help improve patient outcomes and lower healthcare costs through reduced hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and healthcare utilization. In order to deliver its services, the Company has developed an extensive clinical tele-pharmacy network, with 7 call centers across the U.S., a number of which are tethered to academic institutions. The Company serves a number of different organizations within the healthcare industry, including more than 400 health plans, nearly 19,000 pharmacies, more than 150 hospital sites, and more than 140 at-risk provider groups, the majority of which are PACE organizations.

2.      Basis of Presentation, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company's interim consolidated financial position for the periods indicated. The interim results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021, any other interim periods, or any future year or period. As such, the information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021 (“2020 Form 10-K”).

The Company operates its business through 2 segments, CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare. See Note 17 for a discussion of the Company’s reportable segments.

Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency caused by a new strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and the risks to the international community. In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic (“COVID-19 pandemic”), based on the rapid increase in exposure globally. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to present a substantial public health and economic challenge around the world.

The Company continues to closely monitor the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on both its employees and operations. In response to the pandemic, the Company has implemented measures to protect the health and safety of its employees, including hybrid and remote work arrangements, reduced density in the Company’s buildings, guidelines to ensure safe business travel, and safety protocols for on-site employees, including social distancing, enhanced cleaning, contact tracing.

8

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

During 2020, the Company experienced challenges with revenue growth as the COVID-19 pandemic delayed the closing of client contracts and, in some cases, shifted project priorities and timelines, which management believed resulted in fewer business wins during 2020 and reduced future revenue. Overall census growth for Programs of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (“PACE”) was below historical levels during 2020 and the first quarter of 2021, which reduced the CareVention HealthCare segment growth. However, since the second quarter of 2021, the Company has experienced some recovery, including with respect to PACE census growth. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company’s net census growth for PACE remained at pre-pandemic levels with monthly sequential growth, which positively impacted revenue within the Company’s CareVention HealthCare segment. The PACE population also benefited from the high level of vaccinations administered to seniors across the U.S.

The Company’s MedWise HealthCare segment continues to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes made by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (‘CMS”) to their Medicare Part D Star Ratings improvement programs for health plans in response to COVID-19 have negatively impacted the Company’s medication safety services revenues. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has elevated the role of retail pharmacies and created strong demand for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. As a result, the Company has faced challenges in hiring to staff the Company’s call centers to support its health plan clients.

Given the daily evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global responses to curb its spread, as well as the factors discussed in Part Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company is not able to predict the continuing effects that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on its results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity for the remainder of 2021 and beyond. Management continues to actively monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and is prepared to mitigate potential adverse impacts to its business, including its financial position, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes to the Company's significant accounting policies described in the 2020 Form 10-K that have had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 provides new guidance to simplify the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating the cash conversion model. As compared with the current accounting standards, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument and the interest rates of more convertible debt instruments will be closer to the coupon interest rate. ASU 2020-06 also aligns the consistency of diluted earnings per share calculations for convertible instruments by requiring that (1) an entity use the if-converted method and (2) share settlement be included in the diluted earnings per share calculation for both convertible instruments and equity contracts when those contracts include an option of cash settlement or share settlement. The treasury stock method will no longer be permitted. ASU 2020-06 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and early adoption is permitted.

Under ASC 470-20 Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”), the Company separately accounted for the liability and equity components of its 1.75% convertible senior subordinated notes (the “2026 Notes”), which may be settled entirely or partly in cash upon conversion. The equity component was required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, and the value of the equity component was treated as original issue discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the 2026 Notes. As a result, the Company was required to record a greater amount of non-cash interest expense in previous periods presented related to the amortization of the discounted carrying value of the 2026 Notes to their face amount over the term of the 2026 Notes. Because the Company intends to settle the 2026 Notes entirely or partly in cash, the Company had used the treasury stock method when calculating their potential dilutive effect, if any.

9

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

ASU 2020-06 allows adoption through either a modified retrospective method or fully retrospective method of transition. The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method. In applying the modified retrospective transition method, the cumulative effect of the accounting change is recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the date of adoption. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a $74,850 decrease to additional paid-in capital, a $78,707 increase to the carrying value of its convertible notes, a $2,465 decrease to the net deferred tax liability, and a $1,392 increase in accumulated deficit. See Note 12 for further details on the 2026 Notes.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contact Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2021-08”). ASU 2021-08 requires an acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities from acquired contracts using the revenue recognition guidance under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 in order to align the recognition of a contract liability with the definition of performance obligation. This approach differences from the current requirement to measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination at fair value. ASU 2021-08 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

3.     Revenue

The Company generates revenue from its CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare segments. See Note 17 for additional discussion of the Company’s reportable segments.

Client contracts generally have a term of one to five years and generally renew at the end of the initial term. In most cases, clients may terminate their contracts with a notice period ranging from 0 to 180 days without cause, thereby limiting the term in which the Company has enforceable rights and obligations. Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected in exchange for the goods or services. Generally, there are not significant differences between the timing of revenue recognition and billing. Consequently, the Company has determined that client contracts do not include a financing component.

The Company does not disclose the amount of variable consideration that the Company expects to recognize in future periods, as the variable consideration in the Company’s contracts is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation, and the terms of that variable consideration relate specifically to the Company’s efforts to transfer the distinct service, or to a specific outcome from transferring the distinct service. The Company’s contracts primarily include monthly fees associated with unspecified quantities of medications, members, claims, medication safety reviews, or user subscriptions that fluctuate throughout the contract. See below for a description of the Company’s revenues by segment.

CareVention HealthCare

PACE Product Revenue

The Company provides medication fulfillment pharmacy services to PACE organizations. While the majority of medications are routinely filled in order to treat chronic conditions, the mix and quantity of medications can vary. Revenue from medication fulfillment services is generally billed monthly or weekly, depending on whether the PACE organization is contracted with a pharmacy benefit manager, and recognized when medications are delivered and control has passed to the client. At the time of delivery, the Company has performed substantially all of its performance obligations under its client contracts. The Company does not experience a significant level of returns or reshipments.

10

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

PACE Solutions

The Company provides medication safety services and health plan management services to PACE organizations. These services include medication reviews, risk adjustment services, third-party administration services, pharmacy benefit management (“PBM”) solutions, and electronic health records software. Revenue related to these services primarily consists of a fixed monthly fee assessed based on number of members served (“per member per month”), a fee for each claim adjudicated, and subscription fees. These fees are recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation to stand ready to provide PACE services, which occurs when the Company’s clients have access to the PACE services. The Company generally bills for PACE services on a monthly basis.

MedWise HealthCare

Product Revenue

The Company provides COVID-19 test kits to pharmacies and other clients. Revenue from the sale of these products is generally billed when test kits are shipped and is recognized as the Company satisfies its performance obligations to deliver the test kits and provide the test results. The Company does not experience a significant level of returns or reshipments.

Medication Safety Services

The Company provides medication safety services, which include identification of high-risk individuals, medication regimen reviews including patient and prescriber counseling, and targeted interventions to increase adherence and close gaps in care. Revenue related to these services primarily consists of per member per month fees and fees for each medication review and clinical encounter completed. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation to stand ready to provide medication safety services, which occurs when the Company’s clients have access to the medication safety services and when medication reviews and clinical encounters are completed. The Company generally bills for the medication safety services on a monthly basis.

Software Subscription

The Company provides software as a service (“SaaS”) solutions, which allow for the identification of individuals with high medication-related risk, for patient communication and engagement, for documentation of clinical interventions, for optimizing medication therapy, for targeting adherence improvement, and for precision dosing. Revenues related to these software services primarily consist of monthly subscription fees and are recognized monthly as the Company meets its performance obligation to provide access to the software. Revenue for implementation and set up services is generally recognized over the contract term as the software services are provided. The Company generally bills for the software services on a monthly basis.

11

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by reportable segment. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is recognized in the U.S.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020
CareVention HealthCare:
PACE product revenue	$	50,321	$	39,086	$	139,021	$	115,103
PACE solutions		14,707		11,214		42,973		34,307
	$	65,028	$	50,300	$	181,994	$	149,410
MedWise HealthCare:
Product revenue	$	315	$	279	$	475	$	722
Medication safety services		9,467		9,817		31,247		39,844
Software subscription and services		11,776		10,110		31,859		30,191
	$	21,558	$	20,206	$	63,581	$	70,757
Total revenue	$	86,586	$	70,506	$	245,575	$	220,167

Contract Balances

Assets and liabilities related to the Company’s contracts are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract balances consist of contract assets and contract liabilities. Contract assets are recorded when the right to consideration for services is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract assets relating to unbilled receivables are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract assets are classified as current or non-current based on the timing of the Company’s rights to the unconditional payments. Contract assets are generally classified as current and recorded within other current assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities include advance customer payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. The Company generally classifies contract liabilities in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and in other long-term liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company anticipates that it will satisfy most of its performance obligations associated with its contract liabilities within one year.

The following table provides information about the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with clients as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Contract assets	$	11,638	$	7,601
Contract liabilities		4,549		3,876

12

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 are as follows:

	September 30,
	2021
Contract assets:
Contract assets, beginning of period	$	7,601
Decreases due to cash received		(8,881)
Changes to the contract assets at the beginning of the period as a result of changes in estimates		2,391
Changes during the period, net of reclassifications to receivables		10,527
Contract assets, end of period	$	11,638
Contract liabilities:
Contract liabilities, beginning of period	$	3,876
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of the period		(2,708)
Increases due to cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period		3,381
Contract liabilities, end of period	$	4,549

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized $3,783 of revenue that was included in the December 31, 2019 contract liability balance of $4,930.

4.     Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock of the Company outstanding during the period.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the Company’s common stock:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Numerator (basic and diluted):
Net loss	$	(17,111)	$	(21,589)	$	(57,684)	$	(50,336)
Denominator (basic and diluted):
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted		23,407,391		21,779,808		23,230,138		21,571,214
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.73)	$	(0.99)	$	(2.48)	$	(2.33)

13

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated above because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

	September 30,
	2021	2020
Stock options to purchase common stock	1,671,680	2,188,239
Unvested restricted stock	1,624,523	1,300,538
Common stock warrants	4,646,393	4,646,393
Conversion of convertible senior subordinated notes	4,646,393	—
	12,588,989	8,135,170

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, shares related to the conversion of the convertible senior subordinated notes were included in the table above under the if-converted method. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, shares associated with the conversion of the convertible senior subordinated notes were excluded from the table above as the Company assumed the notes would be settled entirely or partly in cash.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, shares related to the performance stock units were excluded from the table above as the performance conditions were not met as of September 30, 2021 (see Note 14).

5.     Acquisitions

Personica

On October 5, 2020, the Company entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with TRHC Group, Personica Holdings, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation, and other seller parties, whereby the Company completed the acquisition of all the issued and outstanding membership interests of Personica, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Personica”), and its subsidiaries, a provider of PBM solutions and pharmacy services, including 340B and Medicare Part D administration solutions to the PACE market. The purchase price consisted of (i) cash consideration of $10,000, subject to certain customary post-closing adjustments, (ii) the issuance of 555,555 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $23,589, and (iii) the delivery of promissory notes (collectively, the “Notes”) for the payment of (a) $7,500 in cash paid in January 2021, (b) $5,500 in cash paid in April 2021, and (c) $3,550 in cash paid in October 2021, with the remaining amount of $450 expected to be paid in cash during the fourth quarter of 2021. The Company may set off amounts due under the Notes to the extent the Company is entitled to indemnification under the Purchase Agreement or in respect of adjustments to the purchase price.

Revenue from Personica includes medication fulfillment pharmacy services to PACE organizations. Revenue for these services, and the related costs, is recognized when medications are delivered and control has passed to the client and is included in product revenue and cost of revenue – product cost, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Revenue from Personica is also comprised of monthly fees per adjudicated claim for PBM solutions. Revenue for these services, and the related costs, is recognized each month as performance obligations are satisfied and costs are incurred and is included in service revenue and cost of revenue – service cost, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The financial results of Personica are included in the Company’s CareVention HealthCare segment.

Pro forma

The unaudited pro forma results presented below include the results of the Personica acquisition as if it had been consummated as of January 1, 2019. The unaudited pro forma results include the amortization associated with acquired intangible assets, interest expense on the debt incurred to fund these acquisitions, stock-based compensation expense related to equity awards granted to employees of the acquired companies, and the estimated tax effect of adjustments to net loss before income taxes. Material nonrecurring charges, including direct acquisition costs, directly

14

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

attributable to the transactions are excluded. In addition, the unaudited pro forma results do not include any expected benefits of the acquisitions. Accordingly, the unaudited pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of either future results of operations or results that might have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated as of January 1, 2019.

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2020		2020
Revenue	$	73,490	$	228,943
Net loss		(22,420)		(50,705)

6.     Other Current Assets

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, other current assets consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Contract assets	$	11,638	$	7,601
Non-trade receivables		1,611		647
Other		2,149		1,504
Total other current assets	$	15,398	$	9,752

7.       Property and Equipment

Accumulated depreciation was $20,861 and $17,922 as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Depreciation expense on property and equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $1,109 and $1,272, respectively. Depreciation expense on property and equipment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $3,616 and $3,774, respectively.

8.       Software Development Costs

The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred in connection with obtaining or developing its proprietary software platforms, which are used to support its service contracts. These costs include external direct costs of material and services, payroll costs for employees directly involved with the software development, and interest expense related to the borrowings attributable to software development. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, capitalized software costs consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Software development costs	$	71,205	$	48,548
Less: accumulated amortization		(30,908)		(20,666)
Software development costs, net	$	40,297	$	27,882
Capitalized software development costs included above not yet subject to amortization	$	9,518	$	4,382

Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $3,913 and $2,636, respectively. Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $10,242 and $6,613, respectively.

15

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

9.      Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company’s goodwill and related changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:

		CareVention HealthCare		MedWise HealthCare		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	115,350	$	55,512	$	170,862
Adjustments to goodwill related to prior year acquisition		(27)		—		(27)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	115,323	$	55,512	$	170,835

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	Weighted Average
	Amortization Period			Accumulated		Intangible
	(in years)	Gross Value		Amortization		Assets, net
September 30, 2021
Trade names	2.1	$	5,529	$	(2,987)	$	2,542
Client relationships	11.5		145,629		(34,871)		110,758
Non-competition agreements	5.0		6,892		(5,010)		1,882
Developed technology	7.6		65,414		(29,492)		35,922
Patient database	5.0		21,700		(11,212)		10,488
Domain name	10.0		59		(25)		34
Total intangible assets		$	245,223	$	(83,597)	$	161,626

	Weighted Average
	Amortization Period			Accumulated		Intangible
	(in years)	Gross Value		Amortization		Assets, net
December 31, 2020
Trade names	3.7	$	11,955	$	(8,286)	$	3,669
Client relationships	12.2		152,654		(32,437)		120,217
Non-competition agreements	5.0		6,892		(3,976)		2,916
Developed technology	8.0		67,369		(24,858)		42,511
Patient database	5.0		21,700		(7,957)		13,743
Domain name	10.0		59		(21)		38
Total intangible assets		$	260,629	$	(77,535)	$	183,094

Amortization expense for intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $7,060 and $8,291, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $21,468 and $21,936, respectively.

16

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2021 and each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

Years Ending December 31,
2021 (October 1 - December 31)	$	6,974
2022		27,089
2023		25,804
2024		18,521
2025		14,038
2026		12,830
Thereafter		56,370
Total estimated amortization expense	$	161,626

10.      Notes Payable Related to Acquisition

On October 5, 2020, as part of the consideration of the Personica acquisition, the Company entered into promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $17,000 payable to the owners of Personica (see Note 5). The Notes bear an interest rate of 3.25% and are payable as follows: (a) $7,500 in cash, which was paid in January 2021, (b) $5,500 in cash, which was paid in April 2021, and (c) $3,550 in cash, which was paid in October 2021. The remaining amount of $450 is expected to be paid in cash during the fourth quarter of 2021.

The Notes were recorded at their aggregate acquisition-date fair value of $16,355 and are being accreted up to their face values over their respective terms using the effective-interest method. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $112 of interest expense related to the Notes, of which $33 was paid or accrued and $79 was the non-cash accretion of the discounts recorded. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $474 of interest expense related to the notes, of which $141 was paid or accrued and $333 was the non-cash accretion of the discounts recorded. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Notes had a fair value of $3,995 and $16,662, respectively.

11.       Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Employee related expenses	$	9,389	$	8,218
Contract liability		3,986		3,205
Customer deposits		904		904
Client funds obligations*		4,014		5,170
Contract labor		888		1,374
Interest		1,006		3,690
Professional fees		840		572
Consideration payable to customer		11,463		5,968
Non-income taxes payable		158		151
Other expenses		2,795		2,716
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	35,443	$	31,968

*This amount represents clients’ funds held by the Company, with an offsetting amount included in restricted cash.

17

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

12.      Lines of Credit and Long-Term Debt

(a)    Lines of Credit

On September 6, 2017, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “2015 Line of Credit”), whereby the Company amended and restated its revolving line of credit, originally entered into with Bridge Bank (now Western Alliance Bank) in 2015 and had subsequently amended. The 2015 Line of Credit provided for borrowing availability in an aggregate amount up to $60,000 to be used for general corporate purposes, with a $1,000 sublimit for cash management services, letters of credit, and foreign exchange transactions. The 2015 Line of Credit matured pursuant to its terms on December 6, 2020.

On December 18, 2020, the Company and its subsidiaries entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Western Alliance Bank, which provides for a $120,000 secured revolving credit facility, with a $1,000 sublimit for cash management services and letters of credit and foreign exchange transactions (the “2020 Credit Facility”) and replaced the 2015 Line of Credit.

Amounts under the 2020 Credit Facility may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time until the maturity date on May 16, 2025, and may be used for, among other things, working capital and other general corporate purposes. Loans under the 2020 Credit Facility will bear interest at a rate equal to the LIBOR rate plus 3.25%. The obligations under the 2020 Credit Facility are secured by all of the Company’s assets, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions as set forth in the Loan and Security Agreement.

The Loan and Security Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants that are binding on the Company, including, but not limited to, restrictions (subject to specified exceptions and qualifications) on the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness, create liens, merge or consolidate, make dispositions, pay dividends or make distributions, make investments, pay any subordinated indebtedness, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, or make capital expenditures, as defined. In addition, the Loan and Security Agreement imposes certain financial covenants, including that the Company (i) maintain unrestricted cash balances with Western Alliance Bank, plus amounts available for draw under the 2020 Credit Facility of at least $10,000 at all times, and (ii) maintain a leverage ratio of less than 3.00:1.00, on a trailing twelve-month basis, measured quarterly. The Loan and Security Agreement defines amounts available for borrowing as three times the Company’s trailing twelve months EBITDA, as defined, less amounts outstanding under the 2020 Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2021, amounts available for borrowing under the 2020 Credit Facility were $31,075.

The 2020 Credit Facility is subject to a commitment fee of 0.50% of the total commitment under the 2020 Credit Facility payable on the closing date, and 0.25% of the total commitment under the 2020 Credit Facility payable on each anniversary thereafter. Additionally, the 2020 Credit Facility is subject to an unused line fee.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had $27,500 outstanding under the 2020 Credit Facility, plus an outstanding letter of credit of $100 issued in connection with the Company’s lease agreement for its office space in Moorestown, NJ. The letter of credit renews annually and expires in September 2027. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had unused commitments of $92,500 under the 2020 Credit Facility.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants related to the 2020 Credit Facility, and management expects that the Company will be able to maintain compliance with its covenants.

As of September 30, 2021, the interest rate on the 2020 Credit Facility was 3.33% and the effective rate for the unused line fee was 0.45%. Interest expense on the 2020 Credit Facility was $314 and $842 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate on the 2015 Line of Credit was 5.50%. NaN interest expense was incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 as there were 0 aggregate borrowings outstanding on the 2015 Line of Credit during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

18

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

In connection with the 2020 Credit Facility, the Company recorded deferred financing costs of $1,184. The Company is amortizing the deferred financing costs associated with the 2020 Credit Facility to interest expense using the effective-interest method over the term of the 2020 Credit Facility. The Company amortized $136 and $404 to interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The Company amortized $79 and $278 to interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, for deferred financing costs related to the 2015 Line of Credit. Deferred financing costs of $760 and $1,156, net of accumulated amortization, are included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

(b)    Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes

On February 12, 2019, the Company issued and sold an aggregate principal amount of $325,000 of 1.75% convertible senior subordinated notes (the “2026 Notes”) in a private placement pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2019. The notes will mature on February 15, 2026, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The initial conversion rate for the notes is 14.2966 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1 principal amount of notes. This conversion rate is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $69.95 per share of the Company’s common stock.

Holders may convert all or any portion of their 2026 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 15, 2025 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after March 31, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the 5 business day period after any 5 consecutive trading day period (the measurement period) in which the trading price (as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes) per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, including certain distributions, the occurrence of a fundamental change or make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes) or a transaction resulting in the Company’s common stock converting into other securities or property or assets. On or after August 15, 2025 until the close of business on the first scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, a holder may convert all or any portion of its 2026 Notes regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver shares of our common stock, cash or a combination thereof at the Company’s option. As of September 30, 2021, none of the conditions allowing holders of the 2026 Notes to convert had been met.

In the initial accounting for the issuance of the 2026 Notes, the Company separated the 2026 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was $102,900 and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2026 Notes. The equity component was not remeasured as long as it continued to meet the conditions for equity classification. The initial associated deferred tax effect of $25,884 was recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital because the equity component was not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt discount”) was amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Notes at an effective interest rate of 8.05% over the contractual term. Debt issuance costs related to the 2026 Notes of $9,372 were allocated to the liability and equity components of the 2026 Notes based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $6,405 and were amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

19

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

As described in Note 2, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06 using the modified retrospective method effective January 1, 2021. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a $74,850 decrease to additional paid-in capital, a $78,707 increase to the carrying value of its convertible notes, a $2,465 decrease to the net deferred tax liability, and a $1,392 increase in accumulated deficit. Effective on January 1, 2021, debt issuance costs related to the 2026 Notes of $7,008 were allocated to the liability component of the 2026 Notes and will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term, resulting in an effective interest rate of 2.20%.

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $1,750 of interest expense related to the 2026 Notes, of which $1,423 was paid or accrued and $327 was the non-cash accretion of the debt discounts recorded. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $5,243 of interest expense related to the 2026 Notes, of which $4,266 was paid or accrued, and $977 was the non-cash accretion of the debt discounts recorded.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, under the previous accounting standard, the Company recognized $4,702 of interest expense related to the 2026 Notes, of which $1,422 was paid or accrued, and $3,280 was the non-cash accretion of the debt discounts recorded. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, under the previous accounting standard, the Company recognized $13,913 of interest expense related to the 2026 Notes, of which $4,266 was paid or accrued and $9,647 was the non-cash accretion of the debt discounts recorded.

In addition, unpaid additional interest payable as a result of the failure to remove the restrictive legend on the 2026 Convertible Notes had accrued on the 2026 Convertible Notes from and including February 17, 2020 and had ceased accruing on February 16, 2021 as a result of the restrictive legend being removed. The Company recorded $212 of additional interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The total cumulative amount of additional interest expense was $1,625 and was paid in full during the third quarter of 2021.

Total accrued interest payable related to the 2026 Notes was $711 as of September 30, 2021, which is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The 2026 Notes had a carrying value of $318,969 as of September 30, 2021.

The 2026 Notes are classified as long-term debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, and will be until such Notes are within one year of maturity.

(c)    Convertible Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions

In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into convertible note hedge transactions with affiliates of certain of the initial purchasers (the “option counterparties”) of the 2026 Notes pursuant to the terms of call option confirmations. The Company has the option to purchase a total of 4,646,393 shares of its common stock at a price of approximately $69.95 per share. The total premiums paid for the note hedges were $101,660. The Company also entered into warrant transactions with the option counterparties whereby they have the option to purchase 4,646,393 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $105.58 per share. The Company received $65,910 in cash proceeds from the sale of the warrants. As these instruments are considered indexed to the Company's own stock and are considered equity classified, the convertible note hedges and warrants are recorded in stockholders’ equity, are not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period. The net costs incurred in connection with the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The convertible note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon conversion of the 2026 Notes and/or offset any potential cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2026 Notes, as the case may be. The warrant transactions could separately have a dilutive effect on the Company’s common stock to the extent that the market price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds the strike price of the warrants.

20

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

As of September 30, 2021, 0 warrants have been exercised and all warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were outstanding.

(d)    Long-Term Debt

The following table represents the total long-term debt obligations of the Company at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Convertible senior subordinated notes	$	325,000	$	325,000
Unamortized discount, including debt issuance costs, on convertible senior subordinated notes		(6,031)		(85,715)
Convertible senior subordinated notes, net		318,969		239,285
Finance leases		—		4
Total long-term debt and finance leases, net		318,969		239,289
Less current portion of finance leases		—		(4)
Total long-term debt, net	$	318,969	$	239,285

13.      Income Taxes

On February 12, 2021, the Company received a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, which determined, based on information submitted and representations made by the Company, that the Company met the requirements to deduct the interest expense resulting from the amortization of the debt discount associated with the 2026 Notes. As a result, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset of $26,313 and a corresponding $26,313 increase to its valuation allowance. As of September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.

The Company calculates its provision for income taxes during its interim periods by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate for the full year ordinary income or loss to the respective reporting period’s year-to-date income or loss, while also adding any income tax expense or benefit related to discrete items occurring within that interim period.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded income tax expense of $134 and $466, respectively, primarily related to indefinite-lived deferred tax liabilities for goodwill amortization, which resulted in effective tax rates of (0.8)% and (0.8)%, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the full valuation allowance recorded that is currently limiting the realizability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2021. Accordingly, the tax benefit was limited due to unbenefited losses in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $1,830 and $5,705, respectively, which resulted in effective tax rates of 7.8% and 10.2%, respectively. The effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance that limited the realizability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2020. Accordingly, the tax benefit was limited due to unbenefited losses in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

21

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

14.     Stock-Based Compensation

In September 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (“2016 Plan”). During the term of the 2016 Plan, the share reserve will automatically increase on the first trading day in January of each calendar year by an amount equal to the lesser of 5% of the total number of outstanding shares of common stock on the last trading day in December of the prior calendar year or such other number set by the Board. In accordance with the terms of the 2016 Plan, the share reserve increased by 1,200,244 shares on January 2, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, 1,665,184 shares were available for future grants under the 2016 Plan.

Restricted Common Stock

The following table summarizes the restricted stock award activity under the 2016 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

		Weighted
		average
	Number	grant-date
	of shares	fair value
Outstanding at December 31, 2020	1,386,908	$	44.14
Granted	774,352		52.80
Vested	(469,958)		48.59
Forfeited	(66,779)		55.86
Outstanding at September 30, 2021	1,624,523	$	46.50

For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, $6,447 and $5,398 of expense, respectively, was recognized related to restricted stock awards, excluding performance-based restricted stock awards described below. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, $22,846 and $14,346 of expense was recognized related to restricted stock awards, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, there was unrecognized compensation expense of $52,583 related to non-vested restricted stock awards, excluding performance-based restricted stock awards described below, under the 2016 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.6 years.

Performance-Based Equity Awards

On May 4, 2020, pursuant to the 2016 Plan, the Board approved grants totaling 10,686 shares of restricted stock to an employee. The grants vest subject to certain performance conditions being achieved during the two-year period ending March 2, 2022. The awards have a grant-date fair value of $56.14 per share based on the Company’s closing stock price on the grant date. Stock-based compensation costs associated with these grants are recognized over the service period based upon the Company’s assessment of the probability that the performance conditions will be achieved. The Company recognized 0 stock-based compensation expense related to these grants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 as the achievement of the underlying performance conditions was considered unlikely. As of September 30, 2021, there was $600 of unrecognized compensation expense related to these performance-based restricted stock awards.

On October 29, 2020, pursuant to the 2016 Plan, the Board approved grants totaling 26,400 shares of restricted stock to certain employees, of which 1,400 expired on April 30, 2021. The remaining grants vest subject to the achievement of certain milestones achieved through December 31, 2021. The awards have a grant-date fair value of $35.95 per share based on the Company’s closing stock price on the grant date. Stock-based compensation costs associated with these grants are recognized over the service period based upon the Company’s assessment of the probability that the performance conditions will be achieved. The Company recognized $194 and $556 of stock-based compensation expense related to these grants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, there was $191 of unrecognized compensation expense related to these performance-based restricted stock awards.

22

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

On April 27, 2021, pursuant to the 2016 Plan, the Board approved awards of performance stock units to certain employees. Each award reflects a target number of shares (“Target Shares”) that may be issued to the award recipient. As of September 30, 2021, the number of Target Shares was 92,725 shares. The awards are earned upon the Company’s achievement of certain revenue performance targets during the three-year performance period ending December 31, 2023. Depending on the results achieved during the performance period, the actual number of shares that a grant recipient receives at the end of the performance period may range from 0% to 200% of the Target Shares granted. The performance stock unit awards have a grant-date fair value of $44.13 per share based on the Company’s closing stock price on the grant date. Stock-based compensation costs associated with these grants are recognized over the performance period based upon the Company’s assessment of the probability that the performance targets will be achieved. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a $216 reduction in stock-based compensation expense related to the performance stock units, resulting in 0 stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as the achievement of the underlying performance targets was considered unlikely. As of September 30, 2021, the maximum number of achievable performance stock units was 185,450 and the maximum unrecognized compensation expense was $8,184.

Other Stock Awards

During the first quarter of 2021, the Board approved the grant of stock awards to certain non-employee directors and to a consultant pursuant to the 2016 Plan. The awards provided for the issuance of 1,416 shares of the Company’s common stock, which immediately vested on the grant date. These grants had a weighted average grant-date fair value of $40.85 per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $58 of expense related to these stock awards.

During the first quarter of 2020, the Board approved the grant of stock awards to select employees pursuant to the 2016 Plan. The awards provided for the issuance of 9,386 shares of the Company’s common stock, which immediately vested on the grant date. These grants had a weighted average grant-date fair value of $52.29 per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded $491 of expense related to these stock awards.

Stock Options

The Company recorded $1,586 and $2,700 of stock-based compensation expense related to employee and non-employee stock options for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recorded $5,502 and $7,571 of stock-based compensation expense related to employee and non-employee stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company records forfeitures as they occur.

The table below sets forth the weighted average assumptions for employee grants during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
Valuation assumptions:	2021		2020
Expected volatility	58.57	%	56.10	%
Expected term (years)	5.48		5.25
Risk-free interest rate	0.50	%	1.22	%
Dividend yield	—		—

The weighted average grant date fair value of employee options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $28.26 and $33.78 per share, respectively.

23

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the 2016 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

				Weighted
		Weighted		average
		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	of shares	price		term	value
Outstanding at December 31, 2020	2,096,556	$	27.74
Granted	2,500		55.01
Exercised	(336,021)		11.78
Forfeited	(91,355)		46.19
Outstanding at September 30, 2021	1,671,680	$	29.98	5.7	$	12,679
Options vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2021	1,671,680	$	29.98	5.7	$	12,679
Exercisable at September 30, 2021	1,446,392	$	26.30	5.4	$	12,679

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the Company’s closing stock price or estimated fair value on the last trading day of the fiscal quarter for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company's common stock. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $11,113 and $19,850, respectively.

As of September 30, 2021, there was $6,740 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options granted under the 2016 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.

Cash received from option exercises for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $3,683 and $3,225, respectively.

The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 in the following expense categories of its consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Cost of revenue - product	$	255	$	192	$	851	$	567
Cost of revenue - service		1,105		828		3,524		2,430
Research and development		1,658		1,717		5,919		4,197
Sales and marketing		556		564		2,523		1,615
General and administrative		4,437		4,797		16,145		13,599
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	8,011	$	8,098	$	28,962	$	22,408

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In February 2021, the Company adopted the Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which allows eligible employees to purchase common shares of Company stock through payroll deductions at a 15% discount off the lower of (i) the fair market value per share of common stock on the start date of the applicable offering period or (ii) the fair market value per share of common stock on the purchase date. The ESPP was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the 2021 Annual Meeting in June 2021. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will initially be 480,097 shares, subject to adjustment as provided in the ESPP, all of which remained available as of September 30, 2021.

24

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

15.     Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial instruments consist of accounts receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, contract liabilities, accrued expenses, acquisition-related notes payable, line of credit, and long-term debt, which includes the Company’s convertible senior subordinated notes. The carrying values of accounts receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, contract liabilities, accrued expenses, and acquisition-related notes payable are representative of their fair value due to the relatively short-term nature of those instruments. See below for additional information on the Company’s convertible senior subordinated notes.

In connection with the 2018 acquisition of the Cognify business, additional consideration was payable by the Company based on a multiple of the excess of certain PACE solutions’ 2021 revenues and Adjusted EBITDA over their 2018 revenues and Adjusted EBITDA, as defined in the stock purchase agreement. The Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration, which was liability-classified, was recorded at the estimated fair value at the acquisition date of October 19, 2018. The Company, with the assistance of a third-party appraiser, utilized a Monte Carlo simulation to derive estimates of the contingent consideration payments as of the acquisition date and at each subsequent reporting period.

The acquisition-related contingent consideration liability represented the estimated fair value of the additional cash and equity consideration payable that was contingent upon the achievement of certain financial and performance milestones. In accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, all changes in liability-classified contingent consideration subsequent to the initial acquisition-date measurement were recorded in net income or loss.

The acquisition-related contingent consideration was measured at fair value on a recurring basis and included the use of significant unobservable inputs, hence, these instruments represented Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. During the third quarter of 2020, pursuant to the terms of the stock purchase agreement, the Company elected to accelerate the payment of the acquisition-related contingent consideration for an aggregate payment amount of $13,413. Due to the accelerated payment of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration, the acquisition-related contingent consideration payment amount was fixed and was no longer classified within the fair value hierarchy. The acquisition-related contingent consideration was partially paid during 2020 by cash payments of $6,394 and the issuance of 135,434 shares of the Company’s common stock, with a fair value of $6,853. In January 2021, the Company made the final cash payment of $166 in full satisfaction of the remaining acquisition-related contingent consideration liability. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded a $2,005 and $2,605 charge, respectively, for the change in the fair value of Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration primarily due to the accelerated payment.

The following table presents the financial instruments that are not carried at fair value but require fair value disclosure as of September 30, 2021:

	Face Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
1.75% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes due 2026	$	325,000	$	318,969	$	273,003

The fair value of the 2026 Notes at each balance sheet date is determined based on recent quoted market prices for these notes which is a Level 2 measurement. As discussed in Note 12, the 2026 Notes are carried at their aggregate face value of $325,000, less any unamortized debt issuance costs. 

16.     Commitments and Contingencies

(a)    Legal Proceedings

The Company is not currently involved in any significant claims or legal actions that, in the opinion of management, are expected to have a material adverse impact on the Company.

25

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(b)    Vendor Purchase Agreements

On March 29, 2019, the Company entered into an Affiliated Pharmacy Agreement and Pharmaceutical Program Supply Agreement (the “Prior Thrifty Drug Agreements”) with Thrifty Drug Stores, Inc. (“Thrifty Drug”). On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a new Affiliated Pharmacy Agreement and Pharmaceutical Program Supply Agreement with Thrifty Drug (the “Thrifty Drug Agreements”) to replace the Prior Thrifty Drug Agreements, which, among other things, extended the Company’s agreement with Thrifty Drug through September 30, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of the Thrifty Drug Agreements, the Company has agreed to purchase not less than 98% of the Company’s total prescription product requirements from Thrifty Drug. The Company commenced purchasing prescription products under the Prior Thrifty Drug Agreements in May 2019 and has continued to do so under the Thrifty Drug Agreements beginning in July 2020. Both the Prior Thrifty Drug Agreements and the Thrifty Drug Agreements authorize Thrifty Drug to hold a security interest in all of the products purchased by the Company under the respective agreements.

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the Company had $1,568 and $1,985 payable to Thrifty Drug as a result of prescription drug purchases, respectively.

In June 2021, the Company entered into an updated agreement with its provider of hosting services. The agreement is effective June 3, 2021 and expires on April 28, 2024 and commits the Company to a minimum purchase obligation of $1,240 over the contract term.

In December 2019, the Company entered into an updated agreement with its data aggregation partner related to the Company’s pharmacy cost management services. The agreement is effective January 1, 2020 with a three-year term expiring December 31, 2022 and commits the Company to a monthly minimum purchase obligation of $30.

17.    Segment Reporting

The Company operates its business through 2 segments. The Company's chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), the Chief Executive Officer, allocates resources and assesses performance based upon financial information at the reportable segment level. Substantially all revenues are generated and substantially all tangible assets are held in the U.S. The Company classifies its operations into 2 reportable segments as follows:

CareVention HealthCare primarily provides services to PACE organizations that include medication fulfillment pharmacy services and PACE solutions such as medication safety services, pharmacy benefit management solutions, and health plan management services.

MedWise HealthCare clients include health plans, pharmacies, and non-PACE healthcare providers. Services provided to these clients include medication safety services and software subscription solutions, which identify individuals with high medication-related risk, improve patient communication and engagement, and allow for documentation of clinical interventions. These services optimize medication therapy, improve adherence, and enable precision dosing.

Shared services primarily consist of unallocated corporate sales and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses associated with the management and administration of the Company’s business objectives.

The CODM uses revenue in accordance with U.S. GAAP and Adjusted EBITDA as the relevant segment performance measures to evaluate the performance of the segments and allocate resources.

Adjusted EBITDA is a segment performance financial measure that offers a useful view of the overall operation of the Company’s businesses and may be different from similarly titled segment performance financial measures used by other companies.

26

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Adjusted EBITDA consists of net loss plus certain other expenses, which include interest expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation and amortization, change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense, settlement costs, severance expense incurred in 2021 related to a realignment of resources, acquisition-related expense, and stock-based compensation expense. The Company considers acquisition-related expense to include nonrecurring direct transaction and integration costs, severance, and the impact of purchase accounting adjustments related to the fair value of acquired deferred revenue.

Management considers revenue and Adjusted EBITDA to be the appropriate metrics to evaluate and compare the ongoing operating performance of the Company’s segments on a consistent basis across reporting periods as they eliminate the effect of items which are not indicative of each segment's core operating performance.

The following tables present the Company’s segment information:

	CareVention HealthCare		MedWise HealthCare		Consolidated
Revenue:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Product revenue	$	50,321	$	315	$	50,636
Service revenue
PACE solutions		14,707		—		14,707
Medication safety services		—		9,467		9,467
Software subscription and services		—		11,776		11,776
Total service revenue		14,707		21,243		35,950
Total revenue	$	65,028	$	21,558	$	86,586
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Product revenue	$	39,086	$	279	$	39,365
Service revenue
PACE solutions		11,214		—		11,214
Medication safety services		—		9,817		9,817
Software subscription and services		—		10,110		10,110
Total service revenue		11,214		19,927		31,141
Total revenue	$	50,300	$	20,206	$	70,506
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Product revenue	$	139,021	$	475	$	139,496
Service revenue
PACE solutions		42,973		—		42,973
Medication safety services		—		31,247		31,247
Software subscription and services		—		31,859		31,859
Total service revenue		42,973		63,106		106,079
Total revenue	$	181,994	$	63,581	$	245,575
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Product revenue	$	115,103	$	722	$	115,825
Service revenue
PACE solutions		34,307		—		34,307
Medication safety services		—		39,844		39,844
Software subscription and services		—		30,191		30,191
Total service revenue		34,307		70,035		104,342
Total revenue	$	149,410	$	70,757	$	220,167

27

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	CareVention HealthCare		MedWise HealthCare		Shared Services		Consolidated
Adjusted EBITDA (loss):
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted EBITDA (loss)	$	14,014	$	2,618	$	(10,915)	$	5,717
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Adjusted EBITDA (loss)	$	12,735	$	1,009	$	(8,650)	$	5,094
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted EBITDA (loss)	$	40,983	$	7,532	$	(33,236)	$	15,279
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Adjusted EBITDA (loss)	$	36,560	$	8,537	$	(28,062)	$	17,035

The following table presents the Company’s reconciliation of the segments’ total Adjusted EBITDA to net loss as presented in the consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA
Net loss	$	(17,111)	$	(21,589)	$	(57,684)	$	(50,336)
Add:
Interest expense, net		2,230		4,722		6,959		14,000
Income tax expense (benefit)		134		(1,830)		466		(5,705)
Depreciation and amortization		12,099		12,199		35,343		32,323
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense		—		2,005		—		2,605
Settlement		—		—		500		—
Severance expense		354		917		516		917
Acquisition-related expense		—		572		217		823
Stock-based compensation expense		8,011		8,098		28,962		22,408
Adjusted EBITDA	$	5,717	$	5,094	$	15,279	$	17,035

Asset information by segment is not a key measure of performance used by the CODM. Accordingly, the Company has not disclosed asset information by segment.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial information included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in our 2020 Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

This discussion contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “believe,” “will,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “could,” “potentially,” or the negative of these terms or similar expressions. You should read these statements carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition, or state other “forward-looking” information. These statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and financial performance and the assumptions that underlie these statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, (i) the impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and other health epidemics; (ii) our ability to adapt to changes or trends within the market for healthcare in the U.S.; (iii) a significant increase in competition from a variety of companies in the health care industry; (iv) developments and changes in laws and regulations, including increased regulation of the healthcare industry through legislative action and revised rules and standards; (v) the extent to which we are successful in gaining new long-term relationships with clients or retaining existing clients; (vi) the growth and success of our clients, which is difficult to predict and is subject to factors outside of our control; (vii) our ability to maintain relationships with a specified drug wholesaler; (viii) increasing consolidation in the healthcare industry; (ix) managing our growth effectively; (x) fluctuations in operating results; (xi) failure or disruption of our information technology and security systems; (xii) dependence on our senior management and key employees; (xiii) our future indebtedness and our ability to obtain additional financing, reduce expenses or generate funds when necessary; and (xiv) the risks described in Part I, Item 1A of our 2020 Form 10-K and our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of their date, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements in light of future developments, except as required by applicable law. We caution investors that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties.

Overview

Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc. is a healthcare technology company advancing the safe use of medications by creating solutions designed to empower pharmacists, providers, and patients to optimize medication regimens. Our advanced proprietary technology, MedWise®, identifies the cause of medication-related problems, including adverse drug events, so healthcare professionals can minimize harm and reduce medication-related risks. Our software and services help improve patient outcomes and lower healthcare costs through reduced hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and healthcare utilization. We believe we have the most extensive clinical tele-pharmacy network in the United States, or U.S., with seven call centers across the country, a number of which are tethered to academic institutions. Health plans and pharmacies nationwide use our solutions to assist them in meeting a range of value-based payment requirements. Our vision and mission are supported by our industry-recognized leadership team, our significant investments and collaborations to advance precision pharmacotherapy research and its application in clinical practice, and our culture.

29

We operate our business through two segments, CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare, which accounted for 75% and 25% of our revenue, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and accounted for 74% and 26% of our revenue, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. In comparison, the CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare segments accounted for 71% and 29% of our revenue, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and accounted for 68% and 32% of our revenue, respectively for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Our CareVention HealthCare segment provides our clients, primarily Programs of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly, or PACE, programs, with medication fulfillment services, cloud-based software, pharmacy benefit management solutions, and clinical pharmacist services at the point of care. Our MedWise HealthCare segment provides our clients with cloud-based pharmacy software and clinical pharmacy programs.

Our results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 reflected improved product and service revenues on a year-over-year basis, offset by increased cost of product revenue, increased cost of service revenue, and increased operating expenses, which primarily include research and development expenses, sales and marketing expenses, and general and administrative expenses. Our total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $86.6 million and $245.6 million, respectively, compared to $70.5 million and $220.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. We incurred net losses of $17.1 million and $57.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to net losses of $21.6 million and $50.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $5.7 million and $15.3 million, respectively, compared to $5.1 million and $17.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. See “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Financial Measures — Adjusted EBITDA” for our definition of Adjusted EBITDA, why we present Adjusted EBITDA, and a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA.

Substantially all our revenue is recognized in the U.S. and substantially all our long-lived assets are located in the U.S.

CareVention HealthCare

CareVention HealthCare primarily services PACE, which is a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, sponsored program providing comprehensive medical and social services to adults age 55 and older who need a nursing facility level of care but can live safely in community settings. Our clients include ArchCare Senior Life, Trinity Health, Palm Beach PACE, and St. Paul’s PACE. We access the market through a number of different brands, including CareKinesis, Capstone Risk Adjustment Services, PACElogic, TruChart, PeakTPA, PersonifilRx, and Pharmastar.

Our largest CareVention HealthCare offering is our medication fulfillment services, which are built around our novel and proprietary Medication Risk Mitigation Matrix, or MRM Matrix, designed to enable clinicians to increase patient safety, create individualized medication regimens, promote adherence, and eliminate unnecessary prescriptions. Our medication fulfillment and reminder packaging services utilize the MRM Matrix technology to reduce medication-related risk for the high-cost, high-risk PACE population. The CareVention HealthCare suite of offerings also includes risk adjustment services, pharmacy benefit management, or PBM, solutions, cloud-based electronic health records solutions, and third-party administration services, which are all specifically tailored to the PACE market. Our CareVention HealthCare segment serves more than 140 healthcare organizations.

The CareVention HealthCare segment revenue model is primarily based on payments on a per-member per-month, or PMPM, basis, payments on a subscription basis, payments on a transaction basis, and payments for charges and dispensing fees for medication fulfillment.

MedWise HealthCare

Our MedWise HealthCare segment is primarily comprised of service offerings from our acquisitions of SinfoníaRx, now known as MedWiseRx, in September 2017 and PrescribeWellness in March 2019. As a result of these acquisitions, we believe we are a leading provider of Medication Therapy Management, or MTM, software and services for Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial health plans; and, we are also a leading provider of cloud-based patient engagement software and services to nearly 19,000 pharmacies nationwide.

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Approximately 19,000 retail pharmacies and more than 400 health plans, including several Blue Cross Blue Shield organizations, Express Scripts, Humana, UnitedHealth Group, and WellCare, utilize our MedWise HealthCare solutions to execute a range of clinical programs. These programs support MTM, Enhanced MTM, Medicare Part D Star Ratings improvement programs, Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) quality measures, and post-hospital discharge care transitions through a combination of our nearly 30,000 PrescribeWellness network pharmacists and/or our clinical tele-pharmacy call centers across the country employing more than 300 pharmacists. Within our MedWise HealthCare segment, we offer our cloud-based software and clinical pharmacist services through a number of different brands, including Tabula Rasa HealthCare®, MedWise®, MedWise MTM, PrescribeWellness, and DoseMeRx.

The Enhanced MTM program was a five-year Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Innovation (“CMMI”) Part D pilot that began January 1, 2017 and is scheduled to end on December 31, 2021. The Company believes that the decision by CMMI to not extend the EMTM Pilot Program is not a reflection of the financial savings or improved quality of care the Company has delivered and recently documented in CMMI’s August 2021 report, but is based on the EMTM Pilot Program as a whole, which covered six distinct regions across the country, 1.9 million Part D beneficiaries during 2019, and multiple vendors testing new types of member targeting, outreach and clinical interventions.

The MedWise HealthCare segment revenue model is primarily based on payments on a PMPM basis, payments on a subscription basis, and payments on a fee-for-service basis for each clinical intervention.

Our Strategy

In early 2020, we disclosed a long-term growth strategy based on three key tenets:

1) Further penetration of the PACE market by leveraging our existing CareVention HealthCare client base (90% of all PACE organizations utilize at least one of our solutions) and cross-selling to increase our average PMPM fee; organic member growth within our existing clients in part due to the acceleration of the National PACE Association’s PACE 2.0 initiative designed to significantly increase enrollment to 200,000 by 2028; and continued investments in our offerings to attract new PACE clients and, more broadly, Medicare Advantage organizations.

2) Accelerating the adoption of our MedWise software and clinical pharmacy programs by health plans across all lines of business, including Medicare Part C and Part D, Medicaid managed care, and commercial clients with a focus on self-insured employer groups.

3) Increasing the number of pharmacies licensing the entire PrescribeWellness solution set, including our MedWise module launched in July 2020, across our growing pharmacy footprint of nearly 19,000 pharmacies nationwide.

To supplement our organic growth, we made a total of six acquisitions from the beginning of 2018 through 2020, and we continue to evaluate strategic acquisitions across both segments of our business. As a result of our most recent acquisition, Personica, in October 2020, and our organic member growth, our PACE clients had a combined patient census of 44,947 as of December 31, 2020, as compared to 31,820 and 27,690 patients as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Key Business Metrics

We continually monitor certain corporate metrics, including the following key metrics, that are useful in evaluating and managing our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry.

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2021		2020		$		%
		(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	86,586	$	70,506	$	16,080	23	%
Net loss		(17,111)		(21,589)		4,478	21
Adjusted EBITDA		5,717		5,094		623	12
	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2021		2020		$		%
		(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	245,575	$	220,167	$	25,408	12	%
Net loss		(57,684)		(50,336)		(7,348)	(15)
Adjusted EBITDA		15,279		17,035		(1,756)	(10)

We monitor the key metrics set forth in the preceding table to help us evaluate trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness and efficiency of our operations, and gauge our cash generation. We discuss Adjusted EBITDA in more detail in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures — Adjusted EBITDA." We also monitor revenue retention rate on an annual basis, which is described in our 2020 Form 10-K.

Factors Affecting our Future Performance

General

We believe that our future success depends on many factors, including our ability to maintain and grow our relationships with existing clients, expand our client base, continue to enter new markets, and expand our offerings to meet evolving market needs. While these areas present significant opportunity, they also present risks that we must manage to ensure successful results. Please refer to “Item 1A – Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K for a discussion of certain risks and uncertainties that may impact our future success.

COVID-19 Pandemic

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency caused by a new strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and the risks to the international community. In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic (“COVID-19 pandemic”), based on the rapid increase in exposure globally. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to present a substantial public health and economic challenge around the world.

We continue to closely monitor the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on both our employees and operations. In response to the pandemic, we have implemented measures to protect the health and safety of our employees, including hybrid and remote work arrangements, reduced density in our buildings, guidelines to ensure safe business travel, and safety protocols for on-site employees, including social distancing, enhanced cleaning, contact tracing.

During 2020, we experienced challenges with revenue growth as the COVID-19 pandemic delayed the closing of client contracts and, in some cases, shifted project priorities and timelines, which we believed resulted in fewer business wins during 2020 and reduced future revenue. Overall census growth for PACE was below historical levels during 2020 and the first quarter of 2021, which reduced the CareVention HealthCare segment growth. However, since the second quarter of 2021, we have experienced some recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic impact, including with respect to PACE census growth. During the third quarter of 2021, our net census growth for PACE remained at pre-pandemic levels with monthly sequential growth, which positively impacted revenue within our CareVention HealthCare segment. The PACE population also benefited from the high level of vaccinations administered to seniors across the U.S.

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Our MedWise HealthCare segment continues to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes made by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (‘CMS”) to their Medicare Part D Star Ratings improvement programs for health plans in response to COVID-19 have negatively impacted our medication safety services revenues. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has elevated the role of retail pharmacies and created strong demand for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. As a result, we have faced challenges in hiring to staff our call centers to support our health plan clients.

Given the daily evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global responses to curb its spread, as well as the factors discussed in Part Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K and elsewhere on this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are not able to predict the continuing effects that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity for the remainder of 2021 and beyond. We continue to actively monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and are prepared to mitigate potential adverse impacts to our business, including our financial position, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenue is derived from our product sales and service activities under our CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare segments. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, product sales revenue represented 58% and 56% of our total revenue, respectively, and service revenue represented 42% and 44% of our total revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, product sales revenue represented 57% and 53% of our total revenue, respectively, and service revenue represented 43% and 47% of our total revenue, respectively.

CareVention HealthCare

PACE Product Revenue

We provide medication fulfillment pharmacy services to PACE organizations. While the majority of medications are routinely filled in order to treat chronic conditions, the mix and quantity of medications can vary. Revenue from medication fulfillment services is generally billed monthly or weekly, depending on whether the PACE organization is contracted with a pharmacy benefit manager, and recognized when medications are delivered and control has passed to the client. At the time of delivery, we have performed substantially all our performance obligations under our client contracts. We do not experience a significant level of returns or reshipments.

PACE Solutions

We provide services to PACE organizations, and these services primarily include medication safety services and health plan management services, which consist of risk adjustment services, PBM solutions, electronic health records solutions, and third-party administration services. Revenue related to these services primarily consists of a fixed monthly fee assessed based on number of members served, or per member per month, a fee for each claim adjudicated, and subscription fees. These fees are recognized when we satisfy our performance obligation to stand ready to provide PACE services, which occurs when our clients have access to the PACE services. We generally bill for PACE services on a monthly basis as the services are provided.

MedWise HealthCare

Product Revenue

We provide COVID-19 test kits to pharmacies and other clients. Revenue from the sale of these products is generally billed when test kits are shipped and is recognized as we satisfy our performance obligations to deliver the test kits and provide the test results. We do not experience a significant level of returns or reshipments.

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Medication Safety Services

We provide medication safety services, which include identification of high-risk individuals, medication regimen reviews including patient and prescriber counseling, and targeted interventions to increase adherence and close gaps in care. Revenue related to these services primarily consists of per member per month fees and fees for each medication review and clinical encounter completed. Revenue is recognized when we satisfy our performance obligation to stand ready to provide medication safety services, which occurs when our clients have access to the medication safety services and when medication reviews and clinical encounters are completed. We generally bill for the medication safety services on a monthly basis.

Software Subscription and Services

We provide software as a service, or SaaS, solutions, which allow for the identification of individuals with high medication-related risk, for patient communication and engagement, for documentation of clinical interventions, for optimizing medication therapy, for targeting adherence improvement, and for precision dosing. Revenues related to these software services primarily consist of monthly subscription fees and are recognized monthly as we meet our performance obligation to provide access to the software. Revenue for implementation and set up services is generally recognized over the contract term as the software services are provided. We generally bill for the software services on a monthly basis.

Cost of Revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Product Cost

Cost of product revenue includes all costs directly related to the fulfillment and distribution of medications under our CareVention HealthCare offerings. Costs consist primarily of the purchase price of the prescription medications we dispense. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, medication costs represented 81% and 80% of our total product costs, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, medication costs represented 81% and 79% of our total product costs, respectively. In addition to costs incurred to purchase the medications we dispense, other costs include shipping; packaging; expenses associated with operating our medication fulfillment centers, including salaries and related costs, such as stock-based compensation for personnel; technology expenses; direct overhead expenses; and allocated indirect overhead costs. We allocate indirect overhead costs among functions based on employee headcount.

Service Cost

Cost of service revenue includes all costs directly related to servicing our CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare service contracts. These costs primarily consist of labor costs, including stock-based compensation, outside contractors, expenses related to supporting our software platforms, direct overhead expenses, and allocated indirect overhead costs. We allocate indirect overhead costs among functions based on employee headcount.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel in our research and development functions. These personnel include employees engaged in scientific research, healthcare analytics, the design and development of new scientific algorithms, and the enhancement of our software and technology platforms. Research and development expenses also include fees paid to third-party consultants, costs related to quality assurance and testing, and other allocated facility-related overhead and expenses.

We capitalize certain costs incurred in connection with obtaining or developing the proprietary software platforms that support our product and service contracts, including third-party contractors and payroll costs for employees directly involved with the software development. Capitalized software development costs are amortized beginning when the software project is substantially completed and the asset is ready for its intended use. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage and post implementation stage, as well as maintenance and training costs, are expensed as incurred. We continue to focus our research and development efforts on adding new features and applications to increase the functionality and enhance the ease of use of our existing suite of software solutions.

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We expect our research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we increase our research and development efforts to further strengthen and enhance our software solutions and service offerings, but will decrease as a percentage of revenue in the long term as we expect our revenue to increase at a greater rate than such expenses.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist principally of salaries, commissions, bonuses, and stock-based compensation and employee benefits for sales, marketing, and account management personnel, as well as travel costs related to sales, marketing, and account management activities. Marketing costs also include costs for communication and branding materials, conferences, trade shows, public relations, and allocated overhead.

We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we strategically invest to grow our sales, account management, and marketing infrastructure as we introduce new products and enter new markets, but decrease as a percentage of revenue in the long term.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation, for employees who are responsible for information systems, administration, human resources, finance, strategy, legal, and executive management, as well as other corporate expenses associated with these functional areas. General and administrative expenses also include professional fees for legal, consulting, and accounting services, and allocated overhead. General and administrative expenses are expensed when incurred.

We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we expand our infrastructure and continue to comply with the requirements applicable to public companies, but decrease as a percentage of revenue in the long term.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses are primarily attributable to our capital investment in equipment, our capitalized software, and acquisition-related intangibles.

Interest Expense

Interest expense is primarily attributable to interest expense associated with our 2026 Convertible Notes, our 2020 Credit Facility (as defined below), and the promissory notes related to the Personica acquisition purchase consideration. Interest expense also includes the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs related to our various debt arrangements.

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Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2021		2020		$		%		2021		2020		$		%
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	50,636	$	39,365	$	11,271	29	%	$	139,496	$	115,825	$	23,671	20	%
Service revenue		35,950		31,141		4,809	15			106,079		104,342		1,737	2
Total revenue		86,586		70,506		16,080	23			245,575		220,167		25,408	12
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below:
Product cost		38,770		28,638		10,132	35			105,326		84,879		20,447	24
Service cost		22,392		20,610		1,782	9			67,126		64,140		2,986	5
Total cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		61,162		49,248		11,914	24			172,452		149,019		23,433	16
Operating expenses:
Research and development		4,984		5,101		(117)	(2)			14,893		13,750		1,143	8
Sales and marketing		6,218		5,030		1,188	24			18,786		15,597		3,189	20
General and administrative		16,870		15,620		1,250	8			54,360		48,914		5,446	11
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense		—		2,005		(2,005)	(100)			—		2,605		(2,605)	(100)
Depreciation and amortization		12,099		12,199		(100)	(1)			35,343		32,323		3,020	9
Total operating expenses		40,171		39,955		216	1			123,382		113,189		10,193	9
Loss from operations		(14,747)		(18,697)		3,950	21			(50,259)		(42,041)		(8,218)	(20)
Interest expense, net		2,230		4,722		(2,492)	(53)			6,959		14,000		(7,041)	(50)
Loss before income taxes		(16,977)		(23,419)		6,442	28			(57,218)		(56,041)		(1,177)	(2)
Income tax expense (benefit)		134		(1,830)		1,964	107			466		(5,705)		6,171	108
Net loss	$	(17,111)	$	(21,589)	$	4,478	21		$	(57,684)	$	(50,336)	$	(7,348)	(15)

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Product Revenue

Product revenue increased $11.3 million, or 29%, to $50.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. New business acquired from the October 2020 Personica acquisition contributed approximately $1.9 million to this increase. Excluding the Personica acquisition, approximately $6.3 million of the increase was attributable to increased medication fulfillment volume from growth in the number of patients served by our existing clients, medication mix of prescriptions filled, and payer mix. Medications dispensed by our community pharmacy network on behalf of CareVention HealthCare contributed $2.6 million to the increase as a result of amended client agreements.

Service Revenue

Service revenue increased $4.8 million, or 15%, to $36.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020.

CareVention HealthCare service revenues increased by approximately $3.5 million, or 31%, to $14.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. The acquisition of Personica in October 2020 contributed approximately $2.2 million to the increase. The remaining increase was attributable to new clients and growth with existing clients.

Service revenues generated by our MedWise HealthCare segment increased by approximately $1.3 million, or 7%, to $21.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. This increase is attributable to a $1.7 million increase in software subscription services related to a new partnership with a leading online health insurance marketplace. This increase was offset by a $350 thousand decrease in medication safety services, which was primarily a result of a large MTM client contract that did not renew in 2021 and reduced fees in the final year of the EMTM pilot program.

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Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue increased $10.1 million, or 35%, to $38.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020. New business acquired from the Personica acquisition contributed approximately $1.8 million to the increase in cost of product revenue. Excluding the Personica acquisition, approximately $5.3 million of the change was due to increased medication volume from growth in the number of patients served by our existing customers. Medications dispensed by our community pharmacy network on behalf of CareVention HealthCare contributed $2.6 million to the increase as a result of amended client agreements. The increase in cost of product revenue was also due to a $295 thousand increase in distribution charges related to higher shipping volume for the medications we fulfilled. The remaining increase in cost of product revenue was primarily attributable to an increase in employee compensation costs, including stock-based compensation, due to increased headcount to support our overall growth.

Cost of Service Revenue

Cost of service revenue increased $1.8 million, or 9%, to $22.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020.

Cost of service revenue related to our CareVention HealthCare segment increased $2.8 million, or 38%, to $10.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. Of the total increase, $1.1 million related to the acquisition of Personica in October 2020. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to an increase in employee costs and investments in infrastructure in order to better scale the delivery of third-party administrative services into markets outside of PACE.

Cost of service revenue related to our MedWise HealthCare segment decreased $1.1 million, or 8%, to $12.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. This decrease was due to hiring challenges during the quarter which resulted in lower employee compensation costs, a decrease in the use of contract resources to deliver medication safety interventions, and reduced printing and postage expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased slightly by $117 thousand, or 2%, to $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a higher capitalization rate related to development initiatives to enhance the software supporting our CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare offering, partially offset by increased technology-related expenses for new project management tools to support our software development teams.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased $1.2 million, or 24%, to $6.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to a $573 thousand increase in employee compensation costs related to additional headcount and increased employee benefits costs, including bonus and commission expense, a $227 thousand increase in marketing and public relations related expenses, including consulting and advertising services, and a $177 thousand increase in travel and conference related spend. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to increased software licenses and technology-related expenses related to an enhanced client and marketing management tool.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $1.3 million, or 11%, to $16.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to higher employee compensation costs of $1.3 million mainly due to increased costs for health insurance premiums and other supplemental benefits, including bonus expense. Also contributing to the increase in general administrative expenses was a $211 thousand increase in business insurance premiums and a $165 thousand increase in bad debt expense. The acquisition of Personica contributed $127 thousand to the increase in expenses, which consisted primarily of employee compensation costs, including stock-based compensation, and consulting expenses.

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Partially offsetting these increases was a reduction in acquisition related costs of $572 thousand incurred in the prior year related to the acquisition of Personica that was completed on October 5, 2020.

Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Expense

During the third quarter of 2020, we elected to accelerate the payment of the acquisition-related contingent consideration for an aggregate payment amount of $13.4 million, which was satisfied by cash payments of $6.4 million and the issuance of 135,434 shares of our common stock, with a fair value of $6.9 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a $2.0 million charge to increase the fair value of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration primarily due to the accelerated payment. No charges were incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as the final amount of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration liability was determined and fixed as of December 31, 2020. In the first quarter of 2021, we made the final cash payment of $166 thousand in full satisfaction of the remaining acquisition-related contingent consideration liability.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased slightly to $12.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from $12.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a $1.2 million decrease in amortization expense mainly due to increased amortization expense in the third quarter of 2020 related to changes in the estimated useful lives of certain intangible assets during 2020, and a $160 thousand decrease in depreciation expense. The decrease was partially offset by a $1.3 million increase in the amortization of capitalized software related to new software functionality placed into service since 2020 to support our CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare segments.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $2.2 million, a decrease of $2.5 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. Of the total decrease, approximately $3.0 million related to the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021, which significantly reduced the amount of debt discount to be amortized. The decrease was partially offset by $314 thousand of interest expense on the 2020 Credit Facility and $112 thousand of interest expense on the acquisition-related notes payable related to the Personica acquisition.

Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded income tax expense of $134 thousand primarily related to indefinite-lived deferred tax liabilities for goodwill amortization, which resulted in an effective tax rate of (0.8)%.The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the full valuation allowance recorded that is currently limiting the realizability of our net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2021. Accordingly, the tax benefit was limited due to unbenefited losses in the three months ended September 30, 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded an income tax benefit of $1.8 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 7.8%. The effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance that limited the realizability of our net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2020. Accordingly, the tax benefit was limited due to unbenefited losses in the three months ended September 30, 2020.

We calculate the provision for income taxes during interim periods by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate for the full year ordinary income or loss to the respective reporting period’s year-to-date income or loss, while also adding any income tax expense or benefit related to discrete items occurring within that interim period.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Product Revenue

Product revenue increased $23.7 million, or 20%, to $139.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. New business acquired from the October 2020 Personica acquisition contributed approximately $6.2 million to this increase. Excluding the Personica acquisition, approximately $12.9 million of the increase was due to increased medication fulfillment volume from growth in the number of patients served

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by our existing clients, medication mix of prescriptions filled, and payer mix. Medications dispensed by our community pharmacy network on behalf of CareVention HealthCare contributed $4.0 million to the increase as a result of amended client agreements. The increase in product revenue was partially offset by a $491 thousand decrease in COVID-19 test kits sold through our CareVention HealthCare segment and PrescribeWellness pharmacy network.

Service Revenue

Service revenue increased $1.7 million, or 2%, to $106.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020.

Service revenue generated by our CareVention HealthCare increased by approximately $8.7 million, or 25%, to $43.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. The acquisition of Personica in October 2020 contributed $6.3 million to the increase. The remaining increase was attributable to new clients added and growth with existing clients since the second quarter of 2020.

Service revenues generated by our MedWise HealthCare decreased approximately $6.9 million, or 10%, to $63.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. Medication safety services decreased $8.6 million primarily as a result of a large MTM client contract that did not renew in 2021 and reduced fees in the final year of the EMTM pilot program. This decrease was offset by an increase in software subscription services of $1.7 million related to a new partnership with a leading online health insurance marketplace.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue increased $20.5 million, or 24%, to $105.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. New business acquired from the Personica acquisition contributed approximately $5.8 million to the increase. Excluding the Personica acquisition, increased medication volume from growth in the number of patients served by our existing customers contributed approximately $10.0 million to the change. Medications dispensed by our community pharmacy network on behalf of CareVention HealthCare contributed $4.0 million to the increase as a result of amended client agreements. The increase in cost of product revenue was also due to a $425 thousand increase in distribution charges related to higher shipping volume for the medications we fulfilled. The increase in cost of product revenue was partially offset by a $394 thousand decrease of COVID-19 test kits sold.

Cost of Service Revenue

Cost of service revenue increased $3.0 million, or 5%, to $67.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $64.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Cost of service revenue related to our CareVention HealthCare segment increased $8.0 million, or 36%, to $30.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. Of the total increase, $3.2 million related to the acquisition of Personica in October 2020. The remaining increase was primarily related to investments in infrastructure, including increased personnel and employee costs, in order to better scale the delivery of third-party administrative services into markets outside of PACE.

Cost of service revenue related to our MedWise HealthCare segment decreased $5.0 million, or 12%, to $37.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. This decrease was comprised of lower employee compensation costs due to a decrease in headcount, a decrease in the use of contracted resources, and reduced printing and postage expenses resulting from fewer clinical interventions performed.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased $1.1 million, or 8%, to $14.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. Stock-based compensation costs increased $1.7 million primarily as a result of equity awards granted during 2021. The increase in stock-based compensation expense was offset by a decrease in employee compensation costs, excluding stock-based compensation, and professional services primarily due to increased capitalization rates of development initiatives to enhance the software supporting our CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare offerings.

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Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased $3.2 million, or 20%, to $18.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $15.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to a $1.9 million increase in employee compensation costs, of which $908 thousand related to an increase in stock-based compensation expense. The remaining increase in employee compensation costs was related to additional employee headcount and increased costs related to employee benefits, including bonus. The increase also consisted of a $626 thousand increase in marketing-related expenses, including consulting and public relations services, and a $384 thousand increase in software licenses and technology-related expenses, primarily related to an enhanced client and marketing management tool. The remaining increase was attributable to increased travel and conference spend.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $5.4 million, or 11%, to $54.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. The acquisition of Personica contributed $499 thousand to the increase in expenses, which consisted primarily of employee compensation costs, including stock-based compensation, and consulting services. Excluding costs related to the Personica acquisition, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $4.9 million.

The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to higher employee compensation costs of $4.1 million, which included a $2.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expense primarily related to equity awards granted during 2021. The remaining increase in employee costs was primarily related to increased costs for health insurance premiums and other supplemental benefits, including bonus expense. The increase in general and administrative expenses was also due to a $608 thousand increase in business insurance premiums. The remaining increases are primarily due to general increases in expenses including audit fees, recruiting expenses, employee relations, as well as bad debt expense.

Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Expense

During the third quarter of 2020, we elected to accelerate the payment of the acquisition-related contingent consideration for an aggregate payment of $13.4 million, which was satisfied by cash payments of $6.4 million and the issuance of 135,434 shares of our common stock, with a fair value of $6.9 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a $2.6 million charge to increase the fair value of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration primarily due to the accelerated payment. No charges were incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as the final amount of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration liability was determined and fixed as of December 31, 2020. In the first quarter of 2021, we made the final cash payment of $166 thousand in full satisfaction of the remaining acquisition-related contingent consideration liability.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $3.0 million, or 9%, to $35.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $32.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This increase was due to a $3.6 million increase in the amortization of capitalized software related to new software functionality placed into service since 2020 to support our CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare segments. This increase was partially offset by a $468 thousand decrease in amortization expense primarily due to higher amortization expense in the third quarter of 2020 related to changes in the estimated useful lives of certain intangible assets during 2020.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $7.0 million, a decrease of $7.0 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Of the total decrease, approximately $8.7 million related to the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021, which significantly reduced the amount of debt discount to be amortized. The decrease was partially offset by $842 thousand of interest expense on the 2020 Credit Facility and $474 thousand of interest expense on the acquisition-related notes payable related to the Personica acquisition.

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Income Taxes

On February 12, 2021, we received a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, which determined, based on information submitted and representations made by us, that we met the requirements to deduct the interest expense resulting from the amortization of the debt discount associated with the 2026 Notes. As a result, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded a deferred tax asset of $26.3 million and a corresponding $26.3 million increase to our valuation allowance. As of September 30, 2021, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded income tax expense of $466 thousand primarily related to indefinite-lived deferred tax liabilities for goodwill amortization, which resulted in an effective tax rate of (0.8)%.The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the full valuation allowance recorded that is currently limiting the realizability of our net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2021. Accordingly, the tax benefit was limited due to unbenefited losses in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded an income tax benefit of $5.7 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 10.2%. The effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance that limited the realizability of our net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2020. Accordingly, the tax benefit was limited due to unbenefited losses in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

We calculate the provision for income taxes during interim periods by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate for the full year ordinary income or loss to the respective reporting period’s year-to-date income or loss, while also adding any income tax expense or benefit related to discrete items occurring within that interim period.

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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

To provide investors with additional information about our financial results, we disclose Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin, each of which is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. Adjusted EBITDA consists of net loss plus certain other expenses, which include interest expense, provision (benefit) for income tax, depreciation and amortization, change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense, settlement costs, severance expense incurred in 2021 related to a realignment of resources, acquisition-related expense, and stock-based compensation expense. We consider acquisition-related expense to include nonrecurring direct transaction and integration costs, severance, and the impact of purchase accounting adjustments related to the fair value of acquired deferred revenue. Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue. We present Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin because they are some of the measures used by our management and Board of Directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance, and we consider them important supplemental measures of performance. We believe these metrics are commonly used by the financial community, and we present them to enhance investors' understanding of our operating performance and cash flows. We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin provide investors and other users of our financial information consistency and comparability with our past financial performance.

Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin:

● as measures of operating performance to assist in comparing performance from period to period on a consistent basis;

● to prepare and approve our annual budget; and

● to develop short- and long-term operational plans.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. As non-GAAP measures, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin have limitations in that they do not reflect all the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. In particular:

● although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin do not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;

● Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin do not reflect cash interest income or expense;

● Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

● Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin do not reflect the potentially dilutive impact of stock-based compensation;

● Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin do not reflect tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and

● other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces their usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin alongside GAAP financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net loss, and our other GAAP financial results. You should not consider Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin in isolation from, or as a

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substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. You should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in the current presentation, and we do not intend to imply that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items.

The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA
Net loss	$	(17,111)	$	(21,589)	$	(57,684)	$	(50,336)
Add:
Interest expense, net		2,230		4,722		6,959		14,000
Income tax expense (benefit)		134		(1,830)		466		(5,705)
Depreciation and amortization		12,099		12,199		35,343		32,323
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense		—		2,005		—		2,605
Settlement		—		—		500		—
Severance expense		354		917		516		917
Acquisition-related expense		—		572		217		823
Stock-based compensation expense		8,011		8,098		28,962		22,408
Adjusted EBITDA	$	5,717	$	5,094	$	15,279	$	17,035
Total revenue	$	86,586	$	70,506	$	245,575	$	220,167
Adjusted EBITDA margin		6.6%		7.2%		6.2%		7.7%

Adjusted Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share, or Adjusted Diluted EPS

Adjusted Diluted EPS excludes the impact of certain items and, therefore, has not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. We believe the exclusion of these items assists in providing a more complete understanding of our underlying operations, results, and trends, allows for comparability with our peer company index and industry, and enables us to be more consistent with our expected capital structure on a going forward basis. Our management uses this measure along with corresponding GAAP financial measures to manage our business and to evaluate our performance compared to prior periods and the marketplace. We define Adjusted Diluted EPS as net loss before fair value adjustments for acquisition-related contingent consideration, amortization of acquired intangibles, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, settlement cost, severance expense incurred in 2021 related to a realignment of resources, acquisition-related expense, stock-based compensation expense, and the tax impact using a normalized tax rate on pre-tax income adjusted for those items expressed on a per share basis using weighted average diluted shares outstanding. We consider acquisition-related expense to include nonrecurring direct transaction and integration costs, severance, and the impact of purchase accounting adjustments related to the fair value of acquired deferred revenue.

Adjusted Diluted EPS is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information provided in accordance with GAAP. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be computed in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies. In the future, we may incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in the presentation, and we do not intend to imply that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items.

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The following table reconciles net loss per share on a diluted basis, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted Diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020				2021				2020
	(In thousands except per share amounts)								(In thousands except per share amounts)
Reconciliation of diluted net loss per share to Adjusted Diluted EPS
GAAP net loss, basic and diluted, and net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(17,111)	$	(0.73)	$	(21,589)	$	(0.99)	$	(57,684)	$	(2.48)	$	(50,336)	$	(2.33)
Adjustments:
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense		—				2,005				—				2,605
Amortization of acquired intangibles		7,060				8,291				21,468				21,936
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs		406				3,280				1,310				9,647
Settlement		—				—				500				—
Severance expense		354				917				516				917
Acquisition-related expense		—				572				217				823
Stock-based compensation expense		8,011				8,098				28,962				22,408
Impact to income taxes (1)		439				(1,762)				1,588				(6,306)
Adjusted net (loss) income and Adjusted Diluted EPS	$	(841)	$	(0.04)	$	(188)	$	(0.01)	$	(3,123)	$	(0.13)	$	1,694	$	0.07

(1) The impact to taxes was calculated using a normalized statutory tax rate applied to pre-tax income or loss adjusted for the respective items above and then subtracting or adding the tax benefit or provision, respectively, as determined for GAAP purposes.

The following table reconciles the diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate net loss per share on a diluted basis for GAAP purposes to the diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate Adjusted Diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
Reconciliation of weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, diluted, to weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, diluted for Adjusted Diluted EPS
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted for GAAP	23,407,391	21,779,808	23,230,138	21,571,214
Adjustments:
Weighted average dilutive effect of stock options	—	—	—	1,281,367
Weighted average dilutive effect of restricted stock	—	—	—	491,245
Weighted average dilutive effect of contingent shares	—	—	—	74,102
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, diluted for Adjusted Diluted EPS (1)	23,407,391	21,779,808	23,230,138	23,417,928

(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we accounted for the convertible senior subordinated notes utilizing the if-converted method in accordance with the guidance under ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2021 (see Note 2 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements). Under this method, we are required to presume that the convertible senior subordinated notes are converted at the beginning of the current period and settled entirely in our common stock. However, no potential shares are assumed outstanding and are excluded from the diluted EPS calculation if including them would have an anti-dilutive effect. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, there was no impact on diluted EPS from the convertible senior subordinated notes as the conversion would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, under the previous accounting standard, we accounted for the convertible senior subordinated notes utilizing the treasury stock method. Under this method, we presumed that we would settle the notes entirely or partly in cash. The underlying shares issuable upon conversion of the notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS, except to the extent that the average stock price for the reporting period exceeded their conversion price of $69.95 per share. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, there was no impact on diluted EPS from the convertible senior subordinated notes as the conversion price exceeded our average stock price.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We incurred a net loss of $57.7 million and $50.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our primary liquidity and capital requirements are for research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative expenses, debt service obligations, and strategic business acquisitions. We have funded our operations, working capital needs, and investments with cash generated through operations, issuance of stock, and borrowings under our credit facilities. At September 30, 2021, we had unrestricted cash of $11.3 million. We believe that our operating cash flows and other sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet our cash requirements for the next 12 months and beyond.

Summary of Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,017	$	5,348
Net cash used in investing activities		(24,260)		(16,271)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		8,072		(3,364)
Net decrease in cash and restricted cash	$	(13,171)	$	(14,287)

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and consisted of our net loss of $57.7 million and changes in our operating assets and liabilities totaling $5.6 million, offset by the addition of noncash items of $66.3 million. The noncash items primarily included $35.3 million of depreciation and amortization expense, $29.0 million of stock-based compensation expense, $1.7 million of amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts primarily related to the 2026 Notes and acquisition-related notes payable, and a $337 thousand change in net deferred taxes, offset by acquisition-related contingent consideration paid of $67 thousand related to the Cognify acquisition. The change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets and an increase in other assets. The increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets was primarily due to an increase in contract assets related to rebate administration services under our pharmacy benefit management solutions. The change in operating assets and liabilities was partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities primarily due to increased consideration payable to clients under our rebate administration services, partially offset by a decrease in accrued interest, an increase in accounts payable, and a decrease in accounts receivable as a result of improved collections.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and consisted of our net loss of $50.3 million and changes in our operating assets and liabilities totaling $3.4 million, offset by the addition of noncash items of $67.2 million. The noncash items primarily included $32.3 million of depreciation and amortization expense, $22.4 million of stock-based compensation expense, $9.9 million of amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts primarily related to the 2026 Notes, and $2.6 million related to the change in fair value of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration. These noncash items were partially offset by changes in net deferred taxes of $5.7 million and $2.4 million in payments related to the contingent purchase price consideration for the Cognify acquisition. The change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities and an increase in accounts receivable. The decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities was primarily due to lower accrued employee compensation costs and the timing of vendor payments, partially offset by an increase in accrued contract labor and professional fees and an increase in contract liability balances related to performance obligations for our services. The increase in accounts receivable was attributable to growth across our business lines as a result of new clients and growth in existing clients, as well as timing of client payments. The change in operating assets and liabilities was partially offset by a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily due to payments received related to prior year contract asset balances and non-trade receivables.

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Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $24.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and $16.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 reflected $22.7 million in software development costs for our CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare technologies. Net cash used in investing activities also included $1.6 million in purchases of property and equipment primarily to support technology-related needs and infrastructure at our pharmacies, call center locations, and Moorestown, New Jersey headquarters, and fixtures and improvements for our new office space in Eden Prairie, Minnesota to support our health plan management services and for an expansion to our pharmacy in Boulder, Colorado.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 reflected $13.7 million in software development costs for our CareVention HealthCare and MedWise HealthCare technologies. Net cash used in investing activities also consisted of $2.5 million in purchases of property, equipment, and leasehold improvements primarily related to equipment to support the pharmacy at our Moorestown, New Jersey location, improvements for our expanded office space at our Moorestown, New Jersey headquarters and improvements for our call center space in Tucson, Arizona to support our medication safety services.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily reflected $17.5 million of borrowings on our 2020 Credit Facility mainly to fund the repayment of the first and second promissory notes in connection with the Personica acquisition and $3.7 million of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was partially offset by repayments of $13.0 million related to the first and second promissory notes in connection with the Personica acquisition and $99 thousand for the payment of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent purchase price consideration.

Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily reflected $3.5 million of payments for the contingent purchase price consideration related to the Cognify acquisition and $3.0 million in payments for payroll taxes remitted to taxing authorities on behalf of employees for shares withheld from the net exercise of stock options during 2020. Net cash used in financing activities was partially offset by $3.2 million of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options.

Funding Requirements

On December 18, 2020, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Western Alliance Bank, or the 2020 Credit Facility, which provides for a $120.0 million secured revolving credit facility, with a $1.0 million sublimit for cash management services and letters of credit and foreign exchange transactions. The 2020 Credit Facility matures on May 16, 2025. As of September 30, 2021, we had $31.1 million available for borrowing and $92.5 million of unused commitments under the 2020 Credit Facility. We were in compliance with all financial and operating covenants related to the 2020 Credit Facility as of September 30, 2021.

We believe that our unrestricted cash of $11.3 million as of September 30, 2021, cash flows from continuing operations, and borrowings under our credit facility will be sufficient to fund our planned operations through at least November 2022. Our ability to maintain successful operations will depend on, among other things, new business, the retention of clients, and the effectiveness of sales and marketing initiatives.

We may seek additional funding through public or private debt or equity. There can be no assurance that additional capital resources, including debt and equity financing, will be available to us on terms that we find acceptable, or at all.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments as compared to those described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations and Commitments” in our 2020 Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenue generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to those disclosed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” in our 2020 Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Note 2 in the Annual Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for a description of new accounting pronouncements. As of January 1, 2021, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40).

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

There have been no material changes in our primary market risk exposures or how those exposures are managed from the information disclosed in our 2020 Form 10-K, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures.

Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the third fiscal quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently party to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, however, we may be a party to litigation and subject to claims in the ordinary course of business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Stockholders and potential investors in our securities should carefully consider the risk factors set forth in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our 2020 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2021. We have identified these risk factors as important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any written or oral forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. There have been no material changes to such risk factors previously disclosed in our 2020 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

		Incorporated by Reference			Filed Herewith
Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description	Form	Filing Date	Exhibit Number
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc.	8-K	10/4/2016	3.1
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc.	8-K	10/4/2016	3.2
10.1	Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan	8-K	6/17/2021	10.1
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				X
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				X
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), as required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				X
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document				X
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Schema Document				X
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document				X
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document				X
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Label Linkbase Document				X
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document				X
104	The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (contained in Exhibit 101)				X

** This certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.
Date: November 5, 2021	By:	/s/ DR. CALVIN H. KNOWLTON
	Name:	Dr. Calvin H. Knowlton
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 5, 2021	By:	/s/ BRIAN W. ADAMS
	Name:	Brian W. Adams
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: November 5, 2021	By:	/s/ ANDREA C. SPEERS
	Name:	Andrea C. Speers
	Title:	Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer)

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