Research and Development
Research and development expenses (“R&D”) include expenses incurred in connection with the R&D of our CFV thermal management solution. R&D expenses are expensed as they are incurred.
For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, R&D expenses were $352,741 and $57,991, respectively, representing an increase of $294,750 or 508%. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, R&D expenses were $475,724 and $169,704, respectively, representing an increase of $306,020 or 180%. The increase is primarily due to thermal energy management report fees and energy storage development services provided during the period. We expect that our R&D expenses will increase as we expand our future operations.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of travel, salaries, payroll taxes and other benefits, and rent expense.
For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, selling, general and administrative expenses were $2,723,303 and $421,544, respectively, an increase of $2,301,759 or 546%. The increase is primarily attributable to an increase of approximately $998,000 of stock-based compensation, an increase of approximately $651,000 of marketing and advertising expense, an increase of approximately $214,000 for professional fees resulting from engagements for financial services, quality and automation services, as well as an increase of approximately $241,000 in labor costs as the result of five new hires, an increase of approximately $148,000 of miscellaneous expenses, and an increase of approximately $50,000 of travel and entertainment expenses due to the lifting of COVID-19 dining and traveling restrictions.
For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, selling, general and administrative expenses were $4,216,114 and $886,954, respectively, an increase of $3,329,160 or 375%. The increase is primarily attributable to an increase of approximately $1,374,000 of stock-based compensation, an increase of approximately $1,137,000 of marketing and advertising expense, an increase of approximately $327,000 in labor costs as the result of five new hires, an increase of approximately $220,000 for professional fees resulting from engagements for financial services, quality and automation services, and an increase of approximately $200,000 of miscellaneous expenses, and an increase of approximately $71,000 of travel and entertainment expenses due to the lifting of COVID-19 dining and traveling restrictions.
Other Expenses
For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, other expenses were $140,137 and $105,844, respectively, representing an increase of $34,293 or 32%. The increase in other expenses is primarily due to the redemption costs associated with the repayment of notes payable of $140,000, partially offset by the decreases in amortization of debt discount of $58,000 and the change in fair value of accrued issuable equity of $47,000.
For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, other expenses were $381,703 and $126,431, respectively, representing an increase of $255,272 or 202%. The increase in other expense is primarily due to the debt redemptions costs of $140,000 associated with the repayment of notes payable, an increase of amortization of debt discount of $31,000, and an increase of $86,000 related to the change in fair value of accrued issuable equity during the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2021, we had a cash balance of $12,159,583 and working capital of $12,194,403. We incurred a net loss of $4,741,866 during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and had an accumulated deficit totaling $15,988,274 as of June 30, 2021. While the Company anticipates it will continue to incur operating losses and use cash in operating activities for the near future, the Company believes that its current working capital is sufficient in comparison to its anticipated cash usage for a period of at least twelve months subsequent to the filing date of these financial statements.