Fulgent Genetics (FLGT) 10-Q 2024 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-37894

FULGENT GENETICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	81-2621304
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
4399 Santa Anita Avenue El Monte, CA	91731
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(626) 350-0537

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	FLGT	The Nasdaq Stock Market (Nasdaq Global Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 30, 2024, there were 30,296,682 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock.

Table of Contents

	Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	31
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION	33
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	33
Item 1A. Risk Factors	33
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
Item 5. Other Information	34
Item 6. Exhibits	34
Exhibit Index	35
Signatures	36

i

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

FULGENT GENETICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except par value data)

(unaudited)

	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	65,111		$	97,473
Marketable securities		246,595			326,681
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $25,307 as of June 30, 2024, and $25,226 as of December 31, 2023		56,573			51,132
Other current assets		30,825			32,559
Total current assets		399,104			507,845
Marketable securities, long-term		526,163			423,571
Intangible assets, net		138,973			143,053
Fixed assets, net		93,368			83,464
Goodwill, net		22,055			22,055
Redeemable preferred stock investment		20,438			20,438
Other long-term assets		32,138			34,902
Total assets	$	1,232,239		$	1,235,328
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	19,873		$	15,360
Accrued liabilities		26,425			30,737
Customer deposit		26,297			22,700
Contract liabilities		2,744			2,874
Notes payable, current portion		412			1,183
Other current liabilities		—			164
Total current liabilities		75,751			73,018
Deferred tax liabilities		6,948			7,962
Unrecognized tax benefits		6,295			5,978
Other long-term liabilities		14,397			15,084
Total liabilities		103,391			102,042
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, 50,000 shares authorized, 33,036 shares issued and 30,262 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2024, and 32,416 shares issued and 29,653 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023		3			3
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, 1,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding, as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023		—			—
Additional paid-in capital		522,420			501,718
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(877	)		1,205
Retained earnings		611,003			633,175
Total Fulgent stockholders’ equity		1,132,549			1,136,101
Noncontrolling interest		(3,701	)		(2,815	)
Total stockholders’ equity		1,128,848			1,133,286
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,232,239		$	1,235,328

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

FULGENT GENETICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenue	$	71,028		$	67,853		$	135,513		$	134,021
Cost of revenue		44,537			47,281			86,918			94,638
Gross profit		26,491			20,572			48,595			39,383
Operating expenses:
Research and development		13,486			9,692			24,920			19,474
Selling and marketing		8,595			10,723			17,584			20,806
General and administrative		21,326			17,993			42,815			39,795
Amortization of intangible assets		1,990			1,962			3,980			3,930
Total operating expenses		45,397			40,370			89,299			84,005
Operating loss		(18,906	)		(19,798	)		(40,704	)		(44,622	)
Interest and other income, net		7,692			5,098			15,317			8,873
Loss before income taxes		(11,214	)		(14,700	)		(25,387	)		(35,749	)
Benefit from income taxes		(2,124	)		(3,110	)		(2,451	)		(8,310	)
Net loss from consolidated operations		(9,090	)		(11,590	)		(22,936	)		(27,439	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		380			361			764			870
Net loss attributable to Fulgent	$	(8,710	)	$	(11,229	)	$	(22,172	)	$	(26,569	)
Net loss per common share attributable to Fulgent
Basic	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.38	)	$	(0.74	)	$	(0.90	)
Diluted	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.38	)	$	(0.74	)	$	(0.90	)
Weighted-average common shares:
Basic		30,098			29,813			29,933			29,675
Diluted		30,098			29,813			29,933			29,675

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

FULGENT GENETICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net loss from consolidated operations	$	(9,090	)	$	(11,590	)	$	(22,936	)	$	(27,439	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation loss		(111	)		(1,965	)		(444	)		(1,797	)
Net gain (loss) on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax		312			(2,132	)		(1,760	)		3,197
Comprehensive loss from consolidated operations		(8,889	)		(15,687	)		(25,140	)		(26,039	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		380			361			764			870
Foreign currency translation loss (gain) attributable to noncontrolling interest		24			547			122			(1,243	)
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest		404			908			886			(373	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Fulgent	$	(8,485	)	$	(14,779	)	$	(24,254	)	$	(26,412	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

FULGENT GENETICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Fulgent Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares (1)			Amount		Additional  Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings			Fulgent Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023		29,653		$	3	$	501,718		$	1,205		$	633,175		$	1,136,101		$	(2,815	)	$	1,133,286
Equity-based compensation		—			—		11,518			—			—			11,518			—			11,518
Exercise of common stock options		1			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Restricted stock awards		315			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations		(69	)		—		(1,682	)		—			—			(1,682	)		—			(1,682	)
Repurchase of common stock		(10	)		—		(225	)								(225	)					(225	)
Other comprehensive loss, net		—			—		—			(2,307	)		—			(2,307	)		(98	)		(2,405	)
Net loss		—			—		—			—			(13,462	)		(13,462	)		(384	)		(13,846	)
Balance at March 31, 2024		29,890		$	3	$	511,329		$	(1,102	)	$	619,713		$	1,129,943		$	(3,297	)	$	1,126,646
Equity-based compensation		—			—		11,635			—			—			11,635			—			11,635
Restricted stock awards		212			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations		(26	)		—		(544	)		—			—			(544	)		—			(544	)
Repurchase of common stock		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock issued in a business combination (1)		186			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net		—			—		—			225			—			225			(24	)		201
Net loss		—			—		—			—			(8,710	)		(8,710	)		(380	)		(9,090	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		30,262		$	3	$	522,420		$	(877	)	$	611,003		$	1,132,549		$	(3,701	)	$	1,128,848

(1) 185,503 shares of the Company's common stock were issued in May 2024 by the Company upon expiration of hold back provisions in connection with the business combination of Fulgent Pharma Holdings, Inc., or Fulgent Pharma, in 2022.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

FULGENT GENETICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Fulgent Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares (1)			Amount		Additional  Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings			Fulgent Stockholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022		29,438		$	3	$	486,585		$	(20,903	)	$	801,000		$	1,266,685		$	3,190		$	1,269,875
Equity-based compensation		—			—		10,265			—			—			10,265			—			10,265
Restricted stock awards		280			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations		(26	)		—		(869	)		—			—			(869	)		—			(869	)
Other comprehensive income, net		—			—		—			3,707			—			3,707			1,790			5,497
Net loss		—			—		—			—			(15,340	)		(15,340	)		(509	)		(15,849	)
Balance at March 31, 2023		29,692		$	3	$	495,981		$	(17,196	)	$	785,660		$	1,264,448		$	4,471		$	1,268,919
Equity-based compensation		—			—		10,323			—			—			10,323			—			10,323
Exercise of common stock options		8			—		3			—			—			3			—			3
Restricted stock awards		225			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations		(8	)		—		(232	)		—			—			(232	)		—			(232	)
Other comprehensive loss, net		—			—		—			(3,550	)		—			(3,550	)		(547	)		(4,097	)
Net loss		—			—		—			—			(11,229	)		(11,229	)		(361	)		(11,590	)
Balance at June 30, 2023		29,917		$	3	$	506,075		$	(20,746	)	$	774,431		$	1,259,763		$	3,563		$	1,263,326

(1) As of June 30, 2023, 371,006 shares of the Company's common stock were not issued and were held back by the Company as partial security for the indemnification obligations in connection with the business combination of Fulgent Pharma, in 2022. 185,503 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued upon expiration of these hold back provisions in November 2023, and 185,503 shares were issued upon expiration of these hold back provisions in May 2024.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

FULGENT GENETICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net loss from consolidated operations	$	(22,936	)	$	(27,439	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity-based compensation		23,153			20,588
Depreciation and amortization		12,816			13,191
Adjustment for credit losses		(4,157	)		(1,984	)
Noncash lease expense		2,679			3,268
Loss on disposal of fixed asset		172			11
Amortization of discount of marketable securities		(2,670	)		(1,192	)
Deferred taxes		(1,014	)		(8,418	)
Unrecognized tax benefits		317			—
Net realized loss on marketable securities		871			—
Other		(5	)		20
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		(1,393	)		19,658
Other current and long-term assets		4,097			(3,764	)
Accounts payable		1,596			(4,447	)
Contract liabilities		(130	)		(598	)
Customer deposits		3,604			3,599
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities		(2,762	)		(7,519	)
Operating lease liabilities		(2,687	)		(3,144	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		11,551			1,830
Cash flow from investing activities:
Purchase of marketable securities		(258,829	)		(250,537	)
Purchases of fixed assets		(17,000	)		(14,178	)
Maturities of marketable securities		160,073			258,847
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities		75,599			—
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets		275			418
Net cash used in investing activities		(39,882	)		(5,450	)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Common stock withholding for employee tax obligations		(2,226	)		(1,101	)
Repayment of notes payable		(1,229	)		(799	)
Principal paid for finance lease		(273	)		(463	)
Repurchase of common stock		(225	)		—
Repayment of investment margin loan		—			(15,000	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		—			3
Net cash used in financing activities		(3,953	)		(17,360	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(78	)		(178	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(32,362	)		(21,158	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		97,473			79,506
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	65,111		$	58,348
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	$	1,903		$	2,636
Interest Paid	$	452		$	919
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of fixed assets in accounts payable	$	4,783		$	3,725
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities	$	1,146		$	2,661
Operating lease right-of-use assets reduced due to lease modification and termination	$	57		$	—
Finance lease right-of-use assets reduced due to lease modification and termination	$	—		$	696

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

FULGENT GENETICS, INC.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1. Overview and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. These financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all subsidiaries and entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest or is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. In determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of an entity, the Company applies a qualitative approach that determines whether it has both (i) the power to direct the economically significant activities of the entity and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to that entity. The Company uses the equity method to account for its investments in entities that it does not control, but in which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated from the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Nature of the Business

Fulgent Genetics, Inc., together with its subsidiaries and affiliated professional corporations, or PCs (collectively referred to as the Company, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires), is a technology-based company with a well-established laboratory services business and a therapeutic development business. Its laboratory services business – to which the Company formerly referred as its clinical diagnostic business, includes technical laboratory services and professional interpretation of laboratory results by licensed physicians. Its therapeutic development business is focused on developing drug candidates for treating a broad range of cancers using a novel nanoencapsulation and targeted therapy platform designed to improve the therapeutic window and pharmacokinetic profile of new and existing cancer drugs.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 28, 2024, or the 2023 Annual Report, and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full fiscal year or any other period. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Annual Report, including the notes thereto.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

See the summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies set forth in the notes to its consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Annual Report.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are based on historical data and experience available at the date of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as various other factors management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.

On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates, primarily those related to: (i) revenue recognition criteria, (ii) accounts receivable and allowances for credit losses, (iii) the useful lives of fixed assets and intangible assets, (iv) estimates of tax liabilities, (v) valuation of intangible assets and goodwill at time of acquisition and on a recurring basis, and (vi) valuation of investments.

7

Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses for expected uncollectible trade accounts receivable, which is recorded as an offset to trade accounts receivable, and changes in allowance for credit losses are classified as a general and administrative expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company assesses collectability by reviewing trade accounts receivable on a collective basis where similar risk characteristics exist and on an individual basis when it identifies specific customers that have deterioration in credit quality such that they may no longer share similar risk characteristics with the other receivables. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company uses a loss rate model or probability-of-default and loss given default model. Following the loss rate method, expected credit losses are determined based on an estimated historical loss rate. The probability of default method allows the ability to define a point of default and measure credit losses for receivables that have reached the point of default for purposes of calculating the allowance for credit losses. Loss given default represents the likelihood that a receivable that has reached the point of default will not be collected in full. The Company updates its credit loss rate and factors annually to incorporate the most recent historical data and adjusts the quantitative portion of the reserve through its qualitative reserve overlay. The Company looks at qualitative factors such as general economic conditions in determining expected credit losses.

The roll-forward for the allowance for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2024, dollars in thousands, is as follows:

Allowance for credit losses at beginning of year	$	25,226
Current period gain		(4,157	)
Write-downs		(2,855	)
Recoveries of amounts previously charged off		7,093
Allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2024	$	25,307

Redeemable Preferred Stock Investment

The redeemable preferred stock investment of $20.4 million as of June 30, 2024 represents the fair value of redeemable preferred stock of a private company that the Company purchased in July 2021. The investment is classified as available-for-sale debt securities. The fair value of available-for-sale debt security is included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Since the Company intends on holding the preferred stock, and the preferred stock is not redeemable until July 2027, the investment is recorded as a long-term investment, and unrealized gain (loss) is excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss). The unrealized gain (loss) is insignificant in each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and $(0.1) million and $0.5 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Finite-Lived Intangible assets

Intangible assets, unless determined to be indefinite-lived, are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company amortizes intangible assets on a straight-line basis with definite lives generally over periods ranging from three to fourteen years. See Note 14, Goodwill and Acquisition-Related Intangibles, for details of intangible assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the carrying amount of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset and its eventual disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles

Intangibles in-process research & development costs, or IPR&D, are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. If and when development is complete, the associated assets would be deemed finite-lived and would then be amortized based on their respective estimated useful lives at that point in time.

The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company may choose to bypass a qualitative assessment of impairment for any reporting unit and proceed directly to performing a quantitative assessment. An impairment loss would be recognized for the amount by which the reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

The Company’s quantitative assessment includes estimating the fair value of each reporting unit and comparing it to its carrying value. The Company estimates the fair value of reporting units using both income-based and market-based valuation methods and

8

typically engages a third-party appraisal firm to assist with the valuation. The estimated fair value for each reporting unit is determined based upon the range of estimated values developed from the income and market-based methods. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill is not impaired, and no further review is required.

The income-based fair value methodology is based on a reporting unit’s forecasted future cash flows that are discounted to the present value using the reporting unit’s weighted average cost of capital. Under the income-based approach, it requires management's assumptions and judgments regarding economic conditions in the markets in which the company operates and conditions in the capital markets, many of which are outside of management's control. The market-based fair value methodology looks at the guideline public company valuation method to determine the prices of comparable public companies and looks at merger and acquisition methods, similar businesses that were sold recently, to estimate the value of the reporting units. Under the market-based approach, judgment is required in evaluating market multiples and recent transactions.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade accounts receivable, redeemable preferred stock investment, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of certain of these financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Fair value of marketable securities and redeemable preferred stock investment is disclosed in Note 4, Fair Value Measurements, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Concentrations of Credit Risk, Customers, and Suppliers

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, and marketable securities, which consist of debt securities and equity securities. As of June 30, 2024, substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were deposited in accounts at financial institutions, and amounts may exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institutions in which its cash and cash equivalents are held.

In certain periods, a small number of customers has accounted for a significant portion of the Company’s revenue. For the laboratory services business, aggregating customers under common control, one customer comprised of $16.9 million or 24% of total revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $29.6 million or 22% of the Company's revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The same customer contributed $9.1 million or 13% of the Company's revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2023. No customer contributed more than 10% of the Company's revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2023. One customer comprised 19% of total accounts receivable, net, as of June 30, 2024, and 13% of total accounts receivable, net, as of December 31, 2023. For the therapeutic development business, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there is no concentration risk, as there are no customers or revenue, as it does not have any commercialized or approved product candidates.

The Company relies on a limited number of suppliers for certain laboratory substances used in the chemical reactions incorporated into its processes, referred to as reagents, as well as for the sequencers and various other equipment and materials it uses in its laboratory operations. In particular, the Company relies on a sole supplier for the next generation sequencers and associated reagents it uses to perform its genetic tests and as the sole provider of maintenance and repair services for these sequencers. The operations of the laboratory services business would be interrupted if it encountered delays or difficulties securing these reagents, sequencers, other equipment or materials or maintenance and repair services, which could occur for a variety of reasons, including if the Company needs a replacement or temporary substitute for any of its limited or sole suppliers and is not able to locate and make arrangements with an acceptable replacement or temporary substitute. The Company's development efforts could also be delayed or interrupted if is unable to procure items needed for its therapeutic development activities. The Company’s therapeutic development business also relies on ANP Technologies, Inc., or ANP, for certain laboratory services, equipment, tools, and drug intermediates in connection with research and development efforts. The Company believes there are currently only a few other manufacturers that are capable of supplying and servicing some of the equipment and other materials necessary for its laboratory operations, including collection kits, sequencers and various associated reagents.

Equity Method Investments

The Company uses the equity method to account for investments in entities that it does not control but in which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. The Company's 25% interest in Boston Molecules, Inc. is accounted for using the equity method but the investment was reduced to zero in 2020 due to full impairment. The Company has not recorded any additional losses.

9

Reportable Segment and Geographic Information

Reportable segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker, or CODM, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company reports its business in two segments, a laboratory services business and a therapeutic development business. For further financial information about these segments, including information for each of the periods presented regarding revenue, operating income (loss), and other important information, see Note 7, Reportable Segment and Geographic Information.

Foreign Currency Translation and Foreign Currency Transactions

The Company translates the assets and liabilities of its non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Loss from these translations is recognized in foreign currency translation loss included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The Company and its subsidiaries that use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency remeasure monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, whereas reagents and supplies, property and nonmonetary assets and liabilities are measured at historical rates. Gain or loss from these remeasurements was not significant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax, and foreign currency translation adjustments from the Company's subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Reclassification from other comprehensive income (loss) to net loss was $0.3 million and $0.9 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and there were no reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net loss in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The tax effect related to net unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities was zero in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 due to the valuation allowance in the current period that precludes the Company from recognizing the deferred tax benefit. The tax effects related to net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale debt securities were $(0.8) million and $1.2 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company classifies its customers into three payor types: (i) Insurance, (ii) Institutions, including hospitals, medical institutions, other laboratories, governmental bodies, municipalities, and large corporations, or (iii) Patients who pay directly. The Company believes these classifications best depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers by payor type:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Revenue by payor
Institutional	$	38,950	$	34,082	$	72,554	$	65,074
Insurance		31,100		33,061		61,143		67,612
Patient		978		710		1,816		1,335
Total revenue	$	71,028	$	67,853	$	135,513	$	134,021

During three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company experienced a change in estimate related to variable consideration. $0.6 million and $1.8 million variable consideration were recognized in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, that related to COVID-19 tests completed in the prior periods due to the recent collection efforts, which was included as revenue from insurance in the table above. The Company estimates variable consideration using the expected value method. Any changes in variable consideration estimates that affect transactions are accounted for on a cumulative catch-up basis. There was no material variable consideration recognized in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

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Contract Balances

Receivables from contracts with customers - Receivables from contracts with customers are included within trade accounts receivable on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Net receivable from Insurance and Institutional customers represented 44% and 56%, respectively, as of June 30, 2024, and 39% and 61%, respectively, as of December 31, 2023.

Contracts assets and liabilities - Contract assets from contracts with customers associated with contract execution and certain costs to fulfill a contract are included in other current assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company did not have any contract assets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Contract liabilities are recorded when the Company receives payment prior to completing its obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer. Contract liabilities are included in the current liabilities in Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Revenues of $0.4 million and $1.2 million were recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.1 million and $1.7 million were recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, related to contract liabilities at the beginning of the respective periods.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company evaluates all Accounting Standards Updates, or ASUs, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, for consideration of their applicability. ASUs not included in the Company’s disclosures were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segments. This update improves reportable segment disclosure requirements and requires enhanced disclosures related to significant segment expenses regularly provided to the CODM, the amount for other segment items with descriptions of the composition, segment profit or loss, and clarification on if the CODM uses more than one measurement of a segment's profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of this amendment on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosure.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures. The update requires more detailed information on certain income tax disclosures including the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. Amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning December 15, 2024 for public entities, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of this amendment on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosure.

The Company does not expect that any other recently issued accounting guidance will have a significant effect on its consolidated financial statements.

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Note 3. Equity and Debt Securities

The Company’s equity and debt securities consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost Basis			Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Aggregate Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Equity securities:
Long-term
Preferred stock of privately held company	$	15,000		$	—	$	—		$	15,000
Total equity securities		15,000			—		—			15,000
Available-for-sale debt securities
Short-term
U.S. government debt securities		98,931			2		(588	)		98,345
U.S. agency debt securities		77,972			—		(674	)		77,298
U.S. treasury bills		51,651			—		(5	)		51,646
Corporate debt securities		13,325			—		(188	)		13,137
Money market accounts		55,067			—		—			55,067
Municipal bonds		6,189			—		(20	)		6,169
Less: Cash equivalents		(55,067	)		—		—			(55,067	)
Total debt securities due within 1 year		248,068			2		(1,475	)		246,595
After 1 year through 5 years
U.S. government debt securities		348,055			147		(2,784	)		345,418
U.S. agency debt securities		142,196			—		(1,511	)		140,685
Corporate debt securities		36,518			—		(560	)		35,958
Municipal bonds		2,888			2		(14	)		2,876
Yankee debt securities		501			—		(37	)		464
Redeemable preferred stock investment		20,000			438		—			20,438
Total debt securities due after 1 year through 5 years		550,158			587		(4,906	)		545,839
After 5 years through 10 years
Municipal bonds		765			1		(4	)		762
Total debt securities due after 5 years through 10 years		765			1		(4	)		762
Total available-for-sale debt securities		798,991			590		(6,385	)		793,196
Total equity and debt securities	$	813,991		$	590	$	(6,385	)	$	808,196

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	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost Basis			Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Aggregate Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Equity securities:
Long-term
Preferred stock of privately held company	$	15,000		$	—	$	—		$	15,000
Total equity securities		15,000			—		—			15,000
Available-for-sale debt securities
Short-term
U.S. government debt securities		119,739			8		(1,765	)		117,982
U.S. agency debt securities		72,310			—		(1,414	)		70,896
U.S. treasury bills		69,214			36		—			69,250
Corporate debt securities		63,810			—		(792	)		63,018
Money market accounts		38,291			—		—			38,291
Municipal bonds		5,557			1		(23	)		5,535
Less: Cash equivalents		(38,291	)		—		—			(38,291	)
Total debt securities due within 1 year		330,630			45		(3,994	)		326,681
After 1 year through 5 years
U.S. government debt securities		247,104			1,262		(578	)		247,788
U.S. agency debt securities		156,150			161		(490	)		155,821
Corporate debt securities		12,885			—		(765	)		12,120
Municipal bonds		6,337			2		(48	)		6,291
Yankee debt securities		752			—		(60	)		692
Redeemable preferred stock investment		20,000			438		—			20,438
Total debt securities due after 1 year through 5 years		443,228			1,863		(1,941	)		443,150
After 5 years through 10 years
Municipal bonds		868			1		(10	)		859
Total debt securities due after 5 years through 10 years		868			1		(10	)		859
Total available-for-sale debt securities		774,726			1,909		(5,945	)		770,690
Total equity and debt securities	$	789,726		$	1,909	$	(5,945	)	$	785,690

Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s equity and debt securities were $6.4 million and $5.9 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities were $18.7 million and $75.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Gross realized losses on the Company's available-for-sale securities were $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and the gross realized income was insignificant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. There was no sale of available-for-sale securities or realized gain or loss for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The cost of any marketable securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. The Company did not recognize any credit losses for its available-for-sale debt securities during each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Note 4. Fair Value Measurements

The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a framework with respect to measuring assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis and non-recurring basis. Under the framework, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as of the measurement date. The framework also establishes a three-tier hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

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Level 2:	Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3:	Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability.

The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, based on the above three-tier fair value hierarchy:

	June 30, 2024
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)
Equity securities, debt securities and cash equivalents:
U.S. government debt securities	$	443,763	$	—	$	443,763	$	—
U.S. agency debt securities		217,983		—		217,983		—
Money market accounts		55,067		55,067		—		—
U.S. treasury bills		51,646		51,646		—		—
Corporate debt securities		49,095		—		49,095		—
Redeemable preferred stock investment		20,438		—		—		20,438
Preferred stock of privately held company		15,000		—		—		15,000
Municipal bonds		9,807		—		9,807		—
Yankee debt securities		464		—		464		—
Total equity securities, debt securities and cash equivalents	$	863,263	$	106,713	$	721,112	$	35,438

	December 31, 2023
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)
Equity securities, debt securities and cash equivalents:
U.S. government debt securities	$	365,770	$	—	$	365,770	$	—
U.S. agency debt securities		226,717		—		226,717		—
Corporate debt securities		75,138		—		75,138		—
U.S. treasury bills		69,250		69,250		—		—
Money market accounts		38,291		38,291		—		—
Redeemable preferred stock investment		20,438		—		—		20,438
Preferred stock of privately held company		15,000		—		—		15,000
Municipal bonds		12,685		—		12,685		—
Yankee debt securities		692		—		692		—
Total equity securities, debt securities and cash equivalents	$	823,981	$	107,541	$	681,002	$	35,438

The Company’s Level 1 assets include U.S. treasury bills and money market instruments and are valued based upon observable market prices. Level 2 assets consist of U.S. government and U.S. agency debt securities, municipal bonds, corporate debt securities and Yankee debt securities. Level 2 securities are valued based upon observable inputs that include reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, bids and offers. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had preferred stock of a privately held company, which was included in other long-term assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and redeemable preferred stock of a private company that were measured using unobservable (Level 3) inputs. The fair value of redeemable preferred stock as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was based on valuation performed by a third-party valuation company utilizing the guideline public company method under market approach and the discounted cash flow method under income approach. For the value of the investment in private equity securities, the Company elected to measure it at cost minus impairment, as the preferred stock of the privately held company did not have a readily determinable fair value, and no impairment loss was recorded as of June 30, 2024.

There were no transfers between fair value measurement levels during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

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Note 5. Fixed Assets

Major classes of fixed assets consisted of the following:

	Useful Lives	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		(in thousands)
Medical lab equipment	5 months to 12 Years	$	54,152		$	56,025
Building improvements	6 months to 39 Years		16,383			7,748
Building	39 Years		15,923			9,781
Computer software	1 to 5 Years		8,039			7,982
Computer hardware	1 to 5 Years		6,882			6,805
Aircraft	7 Years		6,400			6,400
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life		5,556			11,222
Furniture and fixtures	1 to 5 Years		3,491			3,860
Land improvements	5 to 15 Years		904			904
Automobile	3 to 7 Years		450			445
General equipment	3 to 5 Years		108			115
Land			12,675			8,800
Assets not yet placed in service			7,842			15,010
Total			138,805			135,097
Less: Accumulated depreciation			(45,437	)		(51,633	)
Fixed assets, net		$	93,368		$	83,464

Depreciation expenses on fixed assets totaled $4.0 million and $8.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $4.1 million and $8.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Note 6. Other Significant Balance Sheet Accounts

Other current assets consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Prepaid income taxes	$	9,363	$	12,675
Prepaid expenses		7,294		7,744
Reagents and supplies		7,026		5,827
Marketable securities interest receivable		5,917		4,994
Other receivable		1,225		1,319
Total	$	30,825	$	32,559

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Accrued legal liabilities	$	7,026	$	7,026
Payroll liabilities		6,024		5,741
Vacation accrual		4,134		3,543
Other accrued liabilities		3,738		4,215
Accrued bonus and commission		3,215		6,255
Operating lease liabilities - short term		2,288		3,957
Total	$	26,425	$	30,737

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Accrued legal liabilities as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, included $6.9 million in connection with the Company's voluntary disclosure process as described in Note 8, Debt, Commitments, and Contingencies. Other accrued liabilities included short-term finance lease liabilities, health insurance liabilities, and third-party billing services.

Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Operating lease liabilities, long term	$	7,155	$	7,147
Other long-term liabilities		4,749		4,973
Notes payable, long term		2,493		2,964
Total	$	14,397	$	15,084

Note 7. Reportable Segment and Geographic Information

The Company viewed and managed its operations in one reportable segment prior to December 2023. Given the advancement of the therapeutic development business, the Company made certain changes, including the bifurcation of financial information for the Company’s budget and forecast planning process in December 2023. The CODM manages the operations of the Company and reviews discrete financial information to make resource decisions for its two operating segments separately. These are laboratory services and therapeutic development. The laboratory services operating segment offers technical laboratory services and professional interpretation of laboratory results by licensed physicians who specialize in pathology and oncology. The therapeutic development operating segment is a pharmaceutical research and development entity that the Company acquired in November 2022. These operating segments do not meet the aggregation criteria and therefore represent the Company’s reportable segments.

There is no inter-segment allocation of interest expense and income taxes. There is no inter-segment revenue and operating income or loss. Information regarding the Company’s operations and assets for its reportable segments as well as geographic information are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Revenue:
Laboratory services:
Precision diagnostics	$	43,144	$	31,935	$	80,590	$	59,840
Anatomic pathology		23,431		27,390		46,538		53,801
BioPharma services		3,612		7,771		6,268		16,191
COVID-19		841		757		2,117		4,189
Total laboratory services		71,028		67,853		135,513		134,021
Therapeutic development		—		—		—		—
Total	$	71,028	$	67,853	$	135,513	$	134,021

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Loss before income taxes:
Operating loss
Laboratory services	$	(11,823	)	$	(16,282	)	$	(28,577	)	$	(37,885	)
Therapeutic development		(7,083	)		(3,516	)		(12,127	)		(6,737	)
Total operating loss		(18,906	)		(19,798	)		(40,704	)		(44,622	)
Interest and other income, net		7,692			5,098			15,317			8,873
Loss before income taxes	$	(11,214	)	$	(14,700	)	$	(25,387	)	$	(35,749	)

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	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Depreciation and amortization:
Laboratory services	$	5,979	$	6,146	$	12,468	$	12,866
Therapeutic development		174		166		348		325
Total	$	6,153	$	6,312	$	12,816	$	13,191

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Laboratory services	$	1,143,531	$	1,146,192
Therapeutic development		88,708		89,136
Total	$	1,232,239	$	1,235,328

Geographic distribution of revenue:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Revenue:
United States	$	64,194	$	63,051	$	122,044	$	125,113
Foreign
China		2,477		2,694		6,581		4,782
Other countries		4,357		2,108		6,888		4,126
Total foreign		6,834		4,802		13,469		8,908
Total	$	71,028	$	67,853	$	135,513	$	134,021

Geographic distribution of property, plant and equipment, net:

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Fixed assets:
United States	$	88,715	$	77,938
Foreign		4,653		5,526
Total	$	93,368	$	83,464

Note 8. Debt, Commitments, and Contingencies

Debt

Notes payable as of June 30, 2024 consisted of $2.9 million of notes payable related to an installment sale contract the Company entered in February 2022 for a building. The notes payable related to the installment sale are due in February 2030, and carry an interest rate of 1.08%. The current portion and noncurrent portion are $0.4 million and $2.5 million, respectively, and the noncurrent portion is included in the other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The related interest expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were not significant.

Purchase Obligations

From time to time, the Company enters into certain purchase commitments with its vendors, consisting primarily of services, reagent and supplies, computer software, and medical lab equipment. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had non-cancelable purchase obligations of $45.7 million, of which $32.1 million is payable within twelve months, and the remainder, $13.6 million is payable within the next five years.

Contingencies

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From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business.

As previously disclosed in the Company’s periodic reports filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Company has received a Civil Investigative Demand, or CID, issued by the U.S. Department of Justice, or the DOJ, pursuant to the False Claims Act related to its investigation of allegations of medically unnecessary laboratory testing, improper billing for laboratory testing, and remuneration received or provided in violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute and the Stark Law. Among other things, this CID requests information and records relating to certain of the Company’s customers named in the CID. Also, as previously disclosed, the SEC is conducting a non-public formal investigation, which appears to relate to the matters raised in the CID requests and the Company’s Exchange Act reports filed for 2018 through 2020. The Company is fully cooperating with both the U.S. DOJ and the SEC in connection with their requests and investigations. On May 6, 2024, the SEC staff, or the Staff, advised the Company that it has made a preliminary determination to recommend that the SEC file an enforcement action against the Company based on a corporate negligence theory, which, if authorized, would allege violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Sections 13(a), 13(b)(2)(A) and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act, and Rules 13a-1, 13a-13, and 12b-20 thereunder. The Company does not believe that any enforcement recommendation is warranted and, on June 7, 2024, responded to the Staff’s preliminary recommendation. The Company is engaged in ongoing discussions with the SEC staff and the DOJ regarding these matters. The Company cannot predict when these matters will be resolved, the outcome of these matters, or their potential impact, which may materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, prospects, and financial condition.

Similar to other laboratories in the industry, the Company is currently being audited by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration, or HRSA, with respect to its reimbursement for COVID-19 tests furnished to patients believed to be uninsured. The Company recorded approximately $548.9 million of reimbursements from HRSA under the Uninsured Program during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. The Company is fully cooperating and working with HRSA’s auditors to resolve any issues, including any reimbursed amounts that may need to be returned to HRSA. There is uncertainty with respect to the methodology HRSA will use and whether and how they will extrapolate audit results. The results of the HRSA audit may materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, prospects, and financial condition.

The Company cannot reasonably estimate the loss or range of loss, if any, that may result from any material government investigations, audits, and reviews in which it is currently involved, given the inherent difficulty in predicting regulatory action, fines and penalties, if any, and the various remedies and levels of judicial review available to the Company in the event of an adverse finding. As a result, the Company has not recorded any liability related to these matters.

In relation to a recent advisory opinion issued by the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Company’s subsidiary, Symphony Buyer, Inc., or Inform Diagnostics, initiated a voluntary disclosure process with the appropriate government contact. The Company currently has estimated and recorded $6.9 million as a liability in its financial statements in connection with this voluntary disclosure. This estimate may be incorrect, and the actual amount of liability may be lower or may materially exceed this estimate.

Note 9. Leases

Lessee

The Company is a lessee to various non-cancelable operating leases with varying terms through March 2034 primarily for laboratory and office space and equipment. The Company has options to renew some of these leases after their expirations. On a lease-by-lease basis, the Company considers such options, which may be elected at the Company’s sole discretion, in determining the lease term. The Company also has various finance leases for lab equipment with varying terms through December 2026, some of which were acquired in business combinations. The Company does not have any leases with variable lease payments. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees, material restrictive covenants, bargain purchase options, or asset retirement obligations.

The Company’s headquarters are located in El Monte, California, which is comprised of various corporate offices and a laboratory certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988, or CLIA, accredited by the College of American Pathologists, or CAP, and licensed by the State of California Department of Public Health. Other CLIA-certified laboratories are located in Coppell, Texas; Needham, Massachusetts; Phoenix, Arizona; Alpharetta, Georgia; and New York, New York.

18

The operating and finance lease right-of-use asset, short-term lease liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Operating lease ROU asset, net	$	9,186	$	10,838
Operating lease liabilities, short term	$	2,288	$	3,957
Operating lease liabilities, long term	$	7,155	$	7,147
Finance lease ROU asset, net	$	1,037	$	1,316
Finance lease liabilities, short term	$	492	$	544
Finance lease liabilities, long term	$	535	$	760

The following were operating and finance lease expenses:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	1,348	$	1,834	$	2,977	$	3,536
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets		136		243		273		486
Interest on lease liabilities		11		25		23		52
Short-term lease cost		322		506		638		1,007
Total lease cost	$	1,817	$	2,608	$	3,911	$	5,081

Supplemental information related to operating and finance leases were the following:

	June 30, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease term, operating leases	5.31 years
Weighted-average discount rate, operating leases		4.53	%
Weighted-average remaining lease term, finance lease	2.28 years
Weighted-average discount rate, finance lease		3.61	%

The following is a maturity analysis of operating and finance lease liabilities using undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis with renewal periods included:

	Operating Leases			Finance Lease
	(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,
2024 (remaining 6 months)	$	1,389		$	235
2025		2,547			468
2026		1,974			366
2027		1,886			—
2028		712			—
2029		514			—
Thereafter		1,890			—
Total lease payments		10,912			1,069
Less imputed interest		(1,469	)		(42	)
Total	$	9,443		$	1,027

19

Lessor

The Company leases out space in buildings it owns and leases to third-party tenants under noncancelable operating leases. As of June 30, 2024, the remaining lease term is 6 months, including renewal options and may include rent escalation clauses. Lease income primarily represents fixed lease payments from tenants recognized on a straight-line basis over the application lease term. Variable lease income represents tenant payments for real estate taxes, insurance, and maintenance. The lease income was included in interest and other income, net, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, and was not significant for three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Future lease payments from tenants as of June 30, 2024 are not significant.

Note 10. Equity-Based Compensation

The Company has included equity-based compensation expense as part of cost of revenue and operating expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	1,999	$	2,359	$	4,008	$	4,753
Research and development		4,136		3,670		7,980		7,118
Selling and marketing		1,002		1,094		2,052		2,455
General and administrative		4,498		3,200		9,113		6,262
Total	$	11,635	$	10,323	$	23,153	$	20,588

Note 11. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate used for interim periods is the estimated annual effective consolidated tax rate, based on the current estimate of full year results, except that taxes related to specific events, if any, are recorded in the interim period in which they occur. The annual effective tax rate is based upon several significant estimates and judgments, including the estimated annual pre-tax income (loss) of the Company in each tax jurisdiction in which it operates, and the development of tax planning strategies during the year. In addition, the Company’s tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

The Company recorded consolidated benefit from income taxes of $2.1 million and $2.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared with $3.1 million and $8.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rates were 19% and 10% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to 21% and 23% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate compared to prior periods is due to the valuation allowance in the current period that precludes the Company from recognizing the full benefit from net operating losses.

The Company is under examination by certain tax authorities for the 2020 to 2021 tax years. While the timing of the conclusion of the examination is uncertain, the Company believes that adequate amounts have been reserved for adjustments that may result.

During 2024, the statutes of limitations will lapse on the Company’s 2020 federal tax year and certain 2019 and 2020 state tax years. The Company does not believe the federal or state statute lapses or any other event will significantly impact the balance of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months.

The Company received $0.7 million and $7.0 million in income tax refunds in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and an insignificant amount and $0.7 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The income tax refunds received, which were due to overpayment in prior years, were not netted in the income tax paid amounts included in the supplemental disclosure in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

20

Note 12. Loss per Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Net loss attributable to Fulgent	$	(8,710	)	$	(11,229	)	$	(22,172	)	$	(26,569	)
Weighted-average common shares - outstanding, basic		30,098			29,813			29,933			29,675
Weighted-average common shares - outstanding, diluted		30,098			29,813			29,933			29,675
Loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.38	)	$	(0.74	)	$	(0.90	)
Diluted	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.38	)	$	(0.74	)	$	(0.90	)

The following securities have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the Company's net loss position:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in thousands)
Stock options		228		210		228		211
Restricted stock units		2,057		1,274		2,057		1,232
Contingently issuable shares		—		371		—		371

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company also had contingently issuable shares for shares held back in connection with the business combination of Fulgent Pharma, or Pharma Hold Back Shares. In May 2024, the Company released the remaining Pharma Hold Back Shares such that no shares remain contingently issuable in connection with the business combination of Fulgent Pharma.

Note 13. Related Parties

Linda Marsh, who is a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, or the Board, currently serves as the Senior Executive Vice President of AHMC Healthcare Inc., or AHMC. The Company performs testing services, on an arms-length basis, for AHMC, and recognized $22,000 and $117,000 in revenue from AHMC in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The revenue recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was not significant. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, insignificant amounts were owed to the Company by AHMC, which is included in trade accounts receivable, net, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, in connection with this relationship.

Ming Hsieh, the Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson of the Board, is on the board of directors and an approximately 20% owner of ANP, from which the Company entered into certain drug-related licensing and development service agreements. The Chief Executive Officer of Fulgent Pharma, Ray Yin, is the Founder, President and Chief Technology Officer of ANP. The Company incurred $0.3 million and $1.0 million related to the licensing and development services in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.5 million and $1.5 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not owe anything to ANP in connection with these relationships. The Company also entered into an employee service agreement with ANP in April 2023 and recognized insignificant amounts in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and insignificant amounts were owed to the Company by ANP in connection with the employee service agreement as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

21

Note 14. Goodwill and Acquisition-Related Intangibles

There was no change in the carrying amount in the six months ended June 30, 2024. Goodwill, net, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by reporting unit was as follows:

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Goodwill, net:
Laboratory services	$	—	$	—
Therapeutic development		22,055		22,055
Total	$	22,055	$	22,055

The Company has identified its laboratory services business and its therapeutic development business as its two operating segments, and the Company determined that the two operating segments represented the two reporting units.

The Company tests for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level on December 31st of each year and more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment.

Laboratory Services

The Company recognized a full goodwill impairment loss for the goodwill of its laboratory services reporting unit as of December 31, 2023 due to a continued decline in its share price and market capitalization.

Therapeutic Development

Based upon the results of the quantitative assessments the Company performed as of December 31, 2023, the Company concluded that the fair values of the therapeutic development reporting unit and the IPR&D asset at December 31, 2023, were greater than the carrying values and that there was no impairment. There have been no significant changes in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

There can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions management made for the purposes of the goodwill or IPR&D impairment analysis will prove to be accurate predictions of future performance. It is possible that the conclusions regarding impairment or recoverability of goodwill or intangible assets could change in future periods. Management will continue to monitor the therapeutic development reporting unit. For all IPR&D projects, there are major risks and uncertainties associated with the timely and successful completion of development and commercialization of these product candidates, including the ability to confirm their efficacy based on data from clinical trials, the ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals, and the ability to successfully complete these tasks within budgeted costs. The Company is not able to market a human therapeutic without obtaining regulatory approvals, and such approvals require completing clinical trials that demonstrate a product candidate is safe and effective. In addition, the availability and extent of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, including government healthcare programs and private insurance plans, impact the revenues a product can generate. Consequently, the eventual realized value, if any, of these acquired IPR&D projects may vary from their estimated fair values.

22

Summaries of intangible asset balances as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

	Weighted-Average Amortization Period	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
		(in thousands)
Laboratory Services:
Royalty-free technology	10 Years	$	5,091		$	5,211
Less: accumulated amortization			(1,612	)		(1,390	)
Royalty-free technology, net			3,479			3,821
Customer Relationships	13 Years		83,092			83,119
Less: accumulated amortization			(15,827	)		(12,586	)
Customer relationships, net			67,265			70,533
Trade name	8 Years		3,790			3,790
Less: accumulated amortization			(1,154	)		(906	)
Trade name, net			2,636			2,884
In-place lease intangible assets	5 Years		360			360
Less: accumulated amortization			(151	)		(116	)
In-place lease intangible assets, net			209			244
Laboratory information system platform	5 Years		1,860			1,860
Less: accumulated amortization			(1,085	)		(899	)
Laboratory information system platform, net			775			961
Purchased patent	10 Years		28			28
Less: accumulated amortization			(9	)		(8	)
Purchased patent, net			19			20
Total			74,383			78,463
Therapeutic Development:
In-process research & development	n/a		64,590			64,590
Total			64,590			64,590
Total intangible assets, net		$	138,973		$	143,053

Acquisition-related intangibles included in the above tables are generally finite-lived and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization, except for IPR&D, which is related to the business combination of Fulgent Pharma in 2022 and has an indefinite life until research and development efforts are completed or abandoned. All other finite-lived acquisition-related intangibles related to the business combinations in 2022 and 2021 are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated lives, which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are expected to be realized.

Amortization of intangible assets was $2.0 million and $4.0 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $2.0 million and $3.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Based on the carrying value of finite-lived intangible assets recorded as of June 30, 2024, and assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, the annual amortization expense for intangible assets is expected to be as follows:

	Amounts
	(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,
2024 (remaining 6 months)	$	3,979
2025		7,959
2026		7,657
2027		7,198
2028		7,163
2029		6,906
Thereafter		33,521
Total	$	74,383

23

Note 15. Stock Repurchase Program

In March 2022, the Board authorized a $250.0 million stock repurchase program. Under the stock repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The stock repurchase program has no expiration from the date of authorization.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repurchased zero and 10,000 shares of its common stock, respectively, at an aggregate cost of $0.2 million, under the stock repurchase program. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. As of June 30, 2024, a total of approximately $150.5 million remained available for future repurchases of its common stock under the stock repurchase program.

Note 16. Retirement Plans

The Company offers a 401(k) retirement savings plan, or the 401(k) Plan, for its employees, including its executive officers, who satisfy certain eligibility requirements. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, allows eligible employees to defer a portion of their compensation, within prescribed limits, on a pre-tax basis through contributions to the 401(k) Plan. The Company matches contributions to the 401(k) Plan based on the amount of salary deferral contributions the participant makes to the 401(k) Plan. The Company provides safe harbor match of the employee contribution to his or her 401(k) Plan account. Total Company matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan were $1.0 million and $1.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.8 million and $1.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Note 17. Subsequent Events

As of August 2, 2024, no subsequent events are being reported.

24

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. Additionally, pursuant to Instruction 2 to paragraph (b) of Item 303 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, in preparing this discussion and analysis, we presume that readers have access to and have read the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations included in our annual report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2024, or the 2023 Annual Report. As used in this discussion and analysis and elsewhere in this report, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Fulgent,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Fulgent Genetics, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical facts and relate to future events or circumstances or our future performance, and they are based on our current assumptions, expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on our business. The forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis include statements about, among other things, our future financial and operating performance, our future cash flows and liquidity and our growth strategies, the development of our drug candidates, as well as anticipated trends in our business and industry. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, among others, those described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of the 2023 Annual Report. Moreover, we operate in a competitive and rapidly evolving industry and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all of the risks we may face, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors could cause actual results to differ from our expectations. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances described in this discussion and analysis may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those described in or implied by any forward-looking statements we make. Although we have based our forward-looking statements on assumptions and expectations we believe are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements or other future events. As a result, forward-looking statements should not be relied on or viewed as predictions of future events, and this discussion and analysis should be read with the understanding that actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different than our current expectations. The forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis speak only as of the date of this report, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

Overview

We are a technology-based company with a well-established laboratory services business and a therapeutic development business. Our laboratory services business, to which we formerly referred to as our clinical diagnostic business, includes technical laboratory services and professional interpretation of laboratory results by licensed physicians. Our therapeutic development business is focused on developing drug candidates for treating a broad range of cancers using a novel nanoencapsulation and targeted therapy platform designed to improve the therapeutic window and pharmacokinetic profile, or PK profile, of new and existing cancer drugs.

Business Risks and Uncertainties and Other Factors Affecting Our Performance

Our business and prospects are exposed to numerous risks and uncertainties. For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of the 2023 Annual Report. In addition, our performance in any period is affected by a number of other factors. See the description of some of the material factors affecting our performance in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the 2023 Annual Report.

25

Results of Operations

The table below summarizes the results of our continuing operations for each of the periods presented. For a financial overview relating to our results of operations, including general descriptions of the make-up of material line items of our statement of operations data, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the 2023 Annual Report.

	Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change			% Change			2024			2023			$ Change			% Change
Statement of Operation Data:	(in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue	$	71,028		$	67,853		$	3,175			5	%	$	135,513		$	134,021		$	1,492			1	%
Cost of revenue		44,537			47,281			(2,744	)		(6	)%		86,918			94,638			(7,720	)		(8	)%
Gross profit		26,491			20,572			5,919			29	%		48,595			39,383			9,212			23	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development		13,486			9,692			3,794			39	%		24,920			19,474			5,446			28	%
Selling and marketing		8,595			10,723			(2,128	)		(20	)%		17,584			20,806			(3,222	)		(16	)%
General and administrative		21,326			17,993			3,333			19	%		42,815			39,795			3,020			8	%
Amortization of intangible assets		1,990			1,962			28			1	%		3,980			3,930			50			1	%
Total operating expenses		45,397			40,370			5,027			13	%		89,299			84,005			5,294			6	%
Operating loss		(18,906	)		(19,798	)		892			(5	)%		(40,704	)		(44,622	)		3,918			(9	)%
Interest and other income, net		7,692			5,098			2,594			51	%		15,317			8,873			6,444			73	%
Loss before income taxes		(11,214	)		(14,700	)		3,486			(24	)%		(25,387	)		(35,749	)		10,362			(29	)%
Benefit from income taxes		(2,124	)		(3,110	)		986			(32	)%		(2,451	)		(8,310	)		5,859			(71	)%
Net loss from consolidated operations		(9,090	)		(11,590	)		2,500			(22	)%		(22,936	)		(27,439	)		4,503			(16	)%
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		380			361			19			5	%		764			870			(106	)		(12	)%
Net loss attributable to Fulgent	$	(8,710	)	$	(11,229	)	$	2,519			(22	)%	$	(22,172	)	$	(26,569	)	$	4,397			(17	)%

26

Revenue

	Three Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change			% Change			2024		2023		$ Change			% Change
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue from laboratory services:
Precision diagnostics	$	43,144	$	31,935	$	11,209			35	%	$	80,590	$	59,840	$	20,750			35	%
Anatomic pathology		23,431		27,390		(3,959	)		(15	)%		46,538		53,801		(7,263	)		(14	)%
BioPharma services		3,612		7,771		(4,159	)		(54	)%		6,268		16,191		(9,923	)		(61	)%
COVID-19		841		757		84			11	%		2,117		4,189		(2,072	)		(50	)%
Total laboratory services	$	71,028	$	67,853	$	3,175			5	%	$	135,513	$	134,021	$	1,492			1	%

Revenue increased $3.2 million or 5%, from $67.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $71.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue was due to an increase of $11.2 million in precision diagnostics, partially offset by decreases of $4.0 million in anatomic pathology and $4.2 million in BioPharma services.

Revenue increased $1.5 million or 1%, from $134.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023, to $135.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue was due to an increase of $20.8 million in precision diagnostics, partially offset by decreases of $7.3 million in anatomic pathology, $9.9 million in BioPharma services, and $2.1 million in COVID-19 testing services.

The increase in precision diagnostics revenue was due to a growth in our reproductive health services, and growth in our specialized oncology tests and testing services. The decrease in anatomic pathology services was due to decreased reimbursement rates from third-party payors. We also have experienced and expect to continue to experience seasonality in our anatomic pathology testing services which are dependent on patients being treated by healthcare providers. The volume of our anatomic pathology testing services can fluctuate during holiday periods and can decline due to extreme adverse weather conditions. The decrease in BioPharma services was attributed to timing of BioPharma service projects. We also expect that our BioPharma services revenue may continue to fluctuate from period to period due in part to the length of the sales cycle and variation in timing amongst projects.

We believe the factors that will affect our ability to grow these revenue streams are 1) the average price point we offer and the reimbursement rate from third-party payors; 2) the concentration of our payor base; 3) the competitive advantage we have due to our broad and flexible test menu, detection rate, and turnaround times; and 4) growth in size of an addressable market. Estimated collection amounts from third-party payors are subject to the complexities and ambiguities of billing, reimbursement regulations and claims processing, as well as considerations unique to Medicare and Medicaid programs.

Our customer base includes insurance, institutional, and individual payors. In some periods, our revenue is concentrated on a smaller number of customers. For the laboratory services business, aggregating customers that are under common control, one customer comprised of $16.9 million or 24% of total revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2024, and contributed $29.6 million or 22% of total revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The same customer contributed $9.1 million or 13% of total revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2023, and no customer contributed more than 10% of the Company’s revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2023. To reduce this revenue concentration risk, we continue to focus on increasing the number of customers and thereby reducing the concentration.

Revenue from non-U.S. sources increased $2.0 million or 42%, from $4.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $6.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. Revenue from non-U.S. sources increased $4.6 million, or 51%, from $8.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023, to $13.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue from non-U.S. sources between periods were primarily due to new foreign customers and increased sales of our testing services to some of our existing non-U.S. customers.

Cost of Revenue

	Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change			% Change			2024			2023			$ Change			% Change
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Cost of revenue	$	44,537		$	47,281		$	(2,744	)		(6	)%	$	86,918		$	94,638		$	(7,720	)		(8	)%
Cost of revenue as a % of revenue		63	%		70	%								64	%		71	%

Our consolidated cost of revenue decreased $2.7 million, or 6%, from $47.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $44.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in consolidated cost of revenue was due to decreases of $2.0 million in consulting and outside labor costs, $0.9 million in software expenses, and $0.8 million in shipping and handling expenses,

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all due to efforts of optimizing cost structures including consolidating service providers and bringing certain processes in house, partially offset by an increase of $0.7 million in facility expenses related to the relocation of our laboratory in Texas.

Our consolidated cost of revenue decreased $7.7 million or 8%, from $94.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $86.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in consolidated cost of revenue was due to decreases of $4.1 million in consulting and outside labor costs, $1.4 million in shipping and handling expenses, $1.3 million in software expenses, and $0.7 million in reagents and supply expenses, related to the cessation of COVID-19 testing operations, closure of a laboratory, and efforts of optimizing cost structures mentioned above.

Our consolidated cost of revenues as a percentage of revenue decreased from 70% in the three months ended June 30, 2023 to 63% in the three months ended June 30, 2024. Our consolidated cost of revenues as a percentage of revenue decreased from 71% in the six months ended June 30, 2023 to 64% in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Our gross profit increased $5.9 million, or 29%, from $20.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $26.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, and increased $9.2 million, or 23%, from $39.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $48.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue, or gross margin, increased from 30% in the three months ended June 30, 2023 to 37% in the three months ended June 30, 2024, and increased from 29% in the six months ended June 30, 2023 to 36% in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The changes were primarily due to efforts of optimizing cost structures mentioned above.

Research and Development

	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change			2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Research and development
Laboratory services	$	7,334	$	7,003	$	331		5	%	$	14,655	$	14,312	$	343		2	%
Therapeutic development		6,152		2,689		3,463		129	%		10,265		5,162		5,103		99	%
Total research and development	$	13,486	$	9,692	$	3,794				$	24,920	$	19,474	$	5,446

Research and development expenses for the laboratory services business were mainly for developing our technology and testing services. The research and development expenses were flat for both periods.

Research and development expenses for the therapeutic development business were primarily related to the development of FID-007. The expenses increased $3.5 million or 129% from $2.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $6.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, and increased $5.1 million or 99% from $5.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $10.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to increased expenses related to a drug study with our contract research organizations. We anticipate research and development expenditures for this segment to continue to increase as we have begun enrollment for the phase 2 study of FID-007 in the second quarter of 2024.

Selling and Marketing

Our consolidated selling and marketing expenses decreased $2.1 million or 20%, from $10.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $8.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in consolidated selling and marketing expenses was due to decreases of $0.7 million in personnel expenses, $0.4 million in consulting and outside labor costs, $0.3 million in facility expense, $0.2 million in marketing expenses, and $0.2 million in software expenses.

Our consolidated selling and marketing expenses decreased $3.2 million or 16% from $20.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $17.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in consolidated selling and marketing expenses was primarily due to decreases of $1.1 million in consulting and outside labor costs, $0.8 million in facility expenses, $0.4 million in marketing expenses, $0.3 million in software expenses, and $0.2 million in commission.

The change in selling and marketing expenses for both periods is mainly due to discontinued marketing efforts related to the COVID-19 business and decreased revenue in BioPharma and anatomic pathology services.

General and Administrative

Our consolidated general and administrative expenses increased $3.3 million or 19%, from $18.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $21.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in consolidated general and

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administrative expenses was due to increases of $2.6 million in personnel costs including equity-based compensation expenses, $0.7 million in legal fees, and $0.2 million in provision for credit losses, partially offset by a decrease of $0.4 million in business insurance.

Our consolidated general and administrative expenses increased $3.0 million or 8% from $39.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $42.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in consolidated general and administrative expenses was due to increases of $4.8 million in personnel expense including equity-based compensation expenses, $0.8 million in facility expenses, $0.6 million in accounting fees, and $0.4 million in legal fees, partially offset by decreases of $2.2 million in provision for credit loss and $1.3 million in business insurance.

The increase in personnel expenses was primarily due to equity awards granted after the second quarter of 2023; the decrease in business insurance was due to savings from consolidating coverages and service providers; the increase in facility expenses was due to the relocation of our facility to Coppell, Texas; and the increase in the accounting fees was due to entities acquired in 2022, which were scoped in for the financial statements and internal control audit and reviews.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets represents amortization expenses on the intangible assets that arose from the business combinations in prior years. The Company did not have any new business combinations in the current period.

Interest and Other Income, net

Interest and other income, net, is primarily comprised of net interest income (expenses), which was $7.7 million and $15.3 million in three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $5.0 million and $8.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. This interest income, net, related to interest earned on various investments in marketable securities including realized gain or loss on sale of marketable securities, net of interest expenses incurred for our notes payable. The increase in interest income, net, was primarily due to increased interest rates on marketable securities relative to the prior comparative period.

Benefit from Income Taxes

Benefit from income taxes was $2.1 million and $2.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared with $3.1 million and $8.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The effective tax rates were 19% and 10% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to 21% and 23% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The change in the effective tax rate compared to prior period is due to the valuation allowance in the current period that precludes us from recognizing the benefit from our net operating losses.

Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest represents net loss attributable to the minority shareholders from entities not wholly owned.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity and Sources of Cash

We had $837.9 million and $847.7 million in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Our marketable securities primarily consist of U.S. government and U.S. agency debt securities, U.S. treasury bills, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and Yankee debt securities.

Our primary uses of cash are to fund our operations, repurchase our stock, and to fund strategic acquisitions as we continue to invest in and seek to grow our business. Cash used to fund operating expenses is impacted by the timing of our expense payments, as reflected in the changes in our outstanding accounts payable and accrued expenses.

We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term marketable securities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. Cash provided by operations has significantly contributed to our ability to meet our

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liquidity needs, including paying for capital expenditures; however, cash provided by our operations has in the past experienced fluctuations from period to period, which we expect may continue in the future. These fluctuations can occur because of a variety of factors, including, among others, factors relating to the demand for our tests, the amount and timing of sales, the prices we charge for our tests due to changes in product mix, customer mix, general price degradation for tests, or other factors, seasonality, the rate and timing of our billing and collections cycles and the timing and amount of our commitments and other payments. Moreover, even if our liquidity expectations are correct, we may still seek to raise additional capital through securities offerings, credit facilities or other debt financings, asset sales or collaborations or licensing arrangements.

If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders could experience substantial dilution. Additionally, any preferred stock we issue could provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock, and our issuance of any additional equity securities, or the possibility of such an issuance, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. The terms of any debt securities we issue or borrowings we incur, if available, could impose significant restrictions on our operations, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt or issue additional equity or other restrictions that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, and would result in increased fixed payment obligations. If we seek to sell assets or enter into collaborations or licensing arrangements to raise capital, we may be required to accept unfavorable terms or relinquish or license to a third party our rights to important or valuable technologies or tests we may otherwise seek to develop ourselves. Moreover, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital, including investment banking, legal and accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses and other similar costs. Additional funding may not be available to us when needed, on acceptable terms or at all. If we are not able to secure funding if and when needed and on reasonable terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more sales and marketing initiatives, research and development programs or other growth plans or strategies. In addition, we may be forced to work with a partner on one or more aspects of our tests or market development programs or initiatives, which could lower the economic value to us of these tests, programs or initiatives. Any such outcome could significantly harm our business, performance and prospects.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for each of the periods indicated:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities		11,551		$	1,830
Net cash used in investing activities		(39,882	)	$	(5,450	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(3,953	)	$	(17,360	)

Operating Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, our operations provided $11.6 million of cash, as compared to $1.8 million provided in the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in cash provided from operating activities in the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared with the corresponding period in 2023 was primarily due to the timing of cash receipts from customers and cash payments for operating expenses. We expect to incur more operating expenses and use more cash in operating activities in the coming quarters as a result of our planned and ongoing clinical trials for FID-007 and as we continue to invest resources to grow our laboratory services business.

Investing Activities

The cash provided by or used in investing activities are impacted by capital expenditures for operation needs and timing of payments, timing of maturities of marketable securities, and discretionary business combinations and other investment.

Cash used in investing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $39.9 million, which primarily represents $258.8 million for purchases of marketable securities and $17.0 million for purchases of fixed assets, including real estate, partially offset by proceeds of $160.1 million from maturities of marketable securities, and proceeds of $75.6 million from sales of marketable securities.

Cash used in investing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $5.5 million, which primarily related to $250.5 million on purchases of marketable securities and $14.2 million on purchases of fixed assets, including real estate, partially offset by $258.8 million related to maturities of marketable securities.

Financing Activities

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Cash used in financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $4.0 million, which primarily related to $2.2 million common stock withholding for employee tax obligations, $1.2 million for repayment of the notes payable, and $0.2 million for repurchase of common stock.

Cash used in financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $17.4 million, which primarily related to $15.0 million repayment to the margin loan account and $1.1 million common stock withholding for employee tax obligations.

We do not expect to use any credit facilities for the foreseeable future due to the strong cash position as of June 30, 2024.

Stock Repurchase Program

In March 2022, the Board authorized a $250.0 million stock repurchase program. Under the stock repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The stock repurchase program has no expiration from the date of authorization.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we repurchased zero and 10,000 shares of our common stock, respectively, at an aggregate cost of $0.2 million, under the stock repurchase program. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. As of June 30, 2024, a total of approximately $150.5 million remained available for future repurchases of its common stock under the stock repurchase program.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies or estimates from the information provided in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in the 2023 Annual Report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for information about recent accounting pronouncements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” in our 2023 Annual Report. There were no material changes during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2024. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2024.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control (as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act) over the financial reporting during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Because of these inherent limitations, our disclosure and internal controls may not prevent or detect all instances of fraud, misstatements or other control issues. In addition, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure or internal controls to future periods are subject to risks, including, among others, that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. As disclosed in Note 8, Debt, Commitments, and Contingencies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we are engaged in certain legal investigations, audits, and voluntary disclosures processes; and the disclosure set forth in Note 8 relating to these certain legal matters is incorporated herein by reference.

The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain, and there can be no assurances that favorable outcomes will be obtained.

Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us due to defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, negative publicity, and reputational harm, among other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Except as set forth below and in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on May 3, 2024, there have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the 2023 Annual Report.

We may be required to modify our business practices, pay fines, incur significant expenses, or experience losses due to litigation or governmental investigations.

From time to time and in the ordinary course of our business, we have been and again may be subject to litigation or governmental investigation on a variety of matters in the United States or foreign jurisdictions, including, without limitation, regulatory, intellectual property, product liability, antitrust, consumer, false claims, whistleblower, Qui Tam, privacy, anti-kickback, anti-bribery, environmental, commercial, securities and employment litigation and claims and other legal proceedings that may arise from the conduct of our business. As noted above, we are currently subject to the HRSA audit and have initiated a voluntary disclosure process with the appropriate government contacts. Our activities relating to our products and services are subject to extensive regulation in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Like many companies in our industry, we have in the ordinary course of business received inquiries, subpoenas, civil investigative demands, or CIDs, and other types of information requests from government authorities. As previously disclosed, we have received a CID issued by the DOJ pursuant to the False Claims Act related to its investigation of allegations of medically unnecessary laboratory testing, improper billing for laboratory testing, and remuneration received or provided in violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute and the Stark Law. This CID requests information and records relating to certain of our customers named in the CID. As we also disclosed in prior filings, the SEC is conducting a non-public formal investigation, which appears to relate to the subject matters raised in the CID requests and our related disclosures and revenues reported in our Exchange Act reports filed for 2018 through 2020. We are fully cooperating with both the SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice in connection with their requests and investigations. On May 6, 2024, the SEC staff, or the Staff, advised the Company that it has made a preliminary determination to recommend that the SEC file an enforcement action against the Company based on a corporate negligence theory, which, if authorized, would allege violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Sections 13(a), 13(b)(2)(A) and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act, and Rules 13a-1, 13a-13, and 12b-20 thereunder. The Company does not believe that any enforcement recommendation is warranted and, on June 7, 2024, responded to the Staff’s preliminary recommendation. The Company is engaged in ongoing discussions with the SEC staff and the DOJ regarding these matters.

We cannot predict when these investigations and matters will be resolved, the outcome of the investigations and matters, or the potential impact on our business, which may ultimately be greater than we expect. In addition, government investigations and litigation generally may divert the attention of our management team and resources from our core business. As such, the time and attention of our management team in responding to these matters may limit their time available to devote to our business, and we may also incur significant expenses or experience losses in relation to these matters. As a result of these matters, we may also be required to alter the conduct of our operations or be subject to other penalties. Any of these circumstances may adversely affect our business, prospects, reputation and results of operations.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

To date, we have used $146.7 million of the net proceeds from sales of our common stock, of which, $4.5 million was used for contributions to FF Gene Biotech, prior to the FF Gene Biotech acquisition; $126.4 million was used to fund the Company’s operations and a business combination; and $15.8 million was used to pay off the investment margin loan. All other net proceeds from sales of our common stock are invested in investment-grade and interest-bearing securities, such as U.S. government and U.S. agency debt securities, corporate bonds, and municipal bonds. There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from the sales of our common stock from that described in the applicable prospectus.

Information on Share Repurchases

In March 2022, our Board authorized a $250.0 million stock repurchase program. The stock repurchase program has no expiration from the date of authorization. Under the stock repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. All purchases listed below were made in the open market at prevailing market prices and were executed pursuant to trading plans we adopted pursuant to Rule 10b5-1under the Exchange Act.

The number of shares of common stock repurchased by the Company under the stock repurchase program and the average price paid per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are as follows:

Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased		(b) Average Price Paid Per Share (1)		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d) Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
March 2024 (3/1/2024-3/31/2024)		10,000	$	22.02		10,000	$	150,461,000
Total		10,000				10,000

(1) Includes commissions for the shares repurchased under the stock repurchase program.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits.

The information required by this Item 6 is set forth on the Exhibit Index that immediately precedes the signature page to this report and is incorporated herein by reference.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

			Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.	Exhibit Title	Filed with this Form 10-Q	Form	Form No.	Date Filed
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant, dated May 13, 2016.		10-Q	001-37894	8/14/2017
3.1.1	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant, dated August 2, 2016.		10-Q	001-37894	8/14/2017
3.1.2	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant, dated May 17, 2017.		10-Q	001-37894	8/14/2017
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant.		10-Q	001-37894	8/4/2023
31.1^	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
31.2^	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	X
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	X
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	X
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	X
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	X
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	X
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)	X

^ Filed herewith.

* Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	FULGENT GENETICS, INC.
Date: August 2, 2024	By:	/s/ Ming Hsieh
		Ming Hsieh
		Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
Date: August 2, 2024	By:	/s/ Paul Kim
		Paul Kim
		Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)

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