which was launched in June 2019, increased ¥146 million from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 due to an increase in sales volume. This increase was partially offset by a ¥219 million of decrease in Oxybutynin due to the intensified competition in the U.S. Business segment.
Other Statement of Income Items
Cost of sales and gross profit
Cost of sales decreased slightly by ¥405 million, or 0.4%, from ¥109,442 million for fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 to ¥109,037 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Gross profit margin decreased by 0.3% to 40.3% in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Cost of sales consists primarily of cost of raw materials and supplies, labor and depreciation and amortization. This slight decrease in cost of sales was primarily due to the improvement in production efficiency. In the Japan Business segment, the cost of sales ratio, that is cost of sales as a percentage of revenue, decreased by 0.6% to 63.7% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. On the other hand, in the U.S. Business segment, the cost of sales ratio increased by 3.2% to 44.7% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to the higher valuation loss on inventories due to drug price revisions recognized for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses generally remained consistent at ¥32,380 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and ¥33,375 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Selling, general and administrative expenses include advertising and sales promotion expenses, employee related costs, and administrative costs, among others. In the Japan Business segment, selling, general and administrative expenses increased ¥994 million, or 5.1%, to ¥20,490 million. This increase was mainly attributable to an increase of ¥983 million in advertising and sales promotion expenses and an increase of ¥486 million in consulting, legal, tax and advisory services expenses. These expenses were higher in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, reflecting management’s decision to lower selling, general and administrative expenses in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of ¥278 million in temporary employee costs and ¥229 million in personnel costs that were due to the favorable impact of a natural decrease in the number of medical representatives in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. On the other hand, in the U.S. Business segment, selling, general and administrative expenses was largely consistent as compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, decreasing ¥35 million, or 0.2% to ¥12,894 million.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses decreased by ¥3,184 million, or 19.1%, to ¥13,487 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Research and development expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, facility costs, depreciation of equipment and amortization of intangible assets. In the Japan Business segment, research and development expenses decreased ¥54 million to ¥7,551 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. In the U.S. Business segment, research and development expenses decreased ¥3,115 million to ¥5,952 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. This decrease was mainly due to the ¥2,448 million decrease in impairment loss, which was largely attributable to the significant impairment loss that was recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, an impairment of certain in-process research and development assets was recorded due to termination of those specific development projects; such loss did not reoccur in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Also, personnel expenses related to research and development decreased compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 due to the reduction in the number of temporary employees related to certain delayed research and development projects.
Other income and other expenses
Other income decreased ¥31 million, or 11.5%, to ¥238 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Other expenses decreased ¥236 million, or 74.0%, to ¥83 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
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