Tax-loss carryforwards can be used to fully offset taxable income for CIT up to an amount of €1 million. If the taxable base subject to taxation exceeds this threshold, only up to 70% of the amount exceeding the threshold may be offset by tax-loss carry-forwards. Unused tax-loss carryforwards may be generally carried forward indefinitely and used in subsequent assessment periods to offset future taxable income in accordance with this rule.
Specific limitations of 50% and 25% of the taxable base before some adjustments apply to utilize tax-loss carryforwards in the case of taxpayers whose turnover in the previous tax year exceeds €20 million and €60 million.
Specific tax credits are granted for some corporate investments, among others: R&D and technological innovation investments, employment creation or creation of new jobs for disabled people.
Foreign tax credit may be claimed for any foreign tax paid on foreign-source income up to the amount of the tax payable in Spain on such income.
A tax consolidation regime is available to groups of companies, although limited to Spanish corporations that meet certain minimum requirements set forth under the CIT laws, which include, among others, a minimum shareholding requirement (75% of share capital ownership and the majority of voting rights).
Spanish Taxation of Holders of Class A Shares
General
Shareholders are taxed in particular in connection with the holding of shares (taxation of dividend income), upon the sale or disposal of shares (taxation of capital gains) and the gratuitous transfer of shares (inheritance and gift tax).
Taxation of non-Spanish Holders of Class A Shares
Spanish Taxation on Dividends for non-Spanish Holders of Class A Shares
As a general rule, the full amount of a dividend distributed by Wallbox to a non-Spanish Holder of Class A Shares which does not maintain a permanent establishment or other taxable presence in Spain is subject to (final) Spanish withholding tax at a tax rate of 19%. This tax can be eliminated or reduced as per the application of (i) the domestic Spanish exemption implementing the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive or (ii) the benefits of a double tax treaty ratified by Spain.
Under the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive exemption, no Spanish withholding taxes should be levied on the dividends distributed by a Spanish subsidiary to its EU parent company or to an EU permanent establishment of its EU parent company, to the extent that the following requirements are met:
(a) the EU parent company maintains a direct or indirect holding in the capital of the Spanish subsidiary of at least 5%. The holding must have been maintained uninterruptedly during the year prior to the date on which the distributed profit is due or, failing that, be maintained for the time required to complete such period (in the latter case, the withholding tax must be levied, although it would be refundable once the year has been completed);
(b) the EU parent company is incorporated under the laws of a EU member state, under one of the corporate forms listed in Annex I, Part A, of the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive, and is subject to a Member State Corporate Income Tax (as listed in Annex I, Part B, of the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive), without the possibility of being exempt; and
(c) the dividends distributed do not derive from the subsidiary’s liquidation.
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