AtlasClear S1 IPO registration

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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 13, 2024

No. 333-

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

ATLASCLEAR HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		6199		92-2303797
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(IRS Employer Identification Number)

4030 Henderson Blvd., Suite 712

Tampa, FL
(727) 446-6660

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Craig Ridenhour
Chief Business Development Officer

AtlasClear Holdings, Inc.
4030 Henderson Blvd., Suite 712

Tampa, FL
(727) 446-6660

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies of all communications, including communications sent to agent for service, should be sent to:

Jason Simon, Esq.

Tricia Branker, Esq.

Greenberg Traurig, LLP
1750 Tysons Boulevard, Suite 1000
McLean, VA 22102
Tel: (703) 749-1300

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:

From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to registered additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. The preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and does not constitute the solicitation of offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

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PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 13, 2024

ATLASCLEAR HOLDINGS, INC.

Up to 37,885,852 shares of Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the Selling Stockholders named in this prospectus (the “Selling Stockholders”) of an aggregate of up to 37,885,852 shares of our Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”) consisting of:

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4,440,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued as consideration in the Business Combination (as defined herein) with Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation (“Quantum”) (the “Merger Consideration Shares”), as described in this prospectus. The Merger Consideration Shares were acquired by Atlas Fintech Holdings Corp. (“Atlas Fintech”) and Robert McBey, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company (together, the “AtlasClear Stockholders”), based on a value of $10.00 per share of Common Stock;

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up to an aggregate of 5,565,618 shares of Common Stock that were issued, or that may become issuable, to the sellers of Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc. (“Wilson-Davis”) in the Business Combination, pursuant to amendments to the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of April, 15, 2022, by and among Wilson-Davis, all of its stockholders (the “Wilson-Davis Sellers”) and AtlasClear, Inc. (“AtlasClear”) (as amended, the “Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company issued short-term convertible promissory notes (the “Short-Term Seller Notes”) and long-term convertible promissory notes (the “Long-Term Seller Notes” and, collectively with the Short-Term Seller Notes, the “Seller Notes”) to the Wilson-Davis Sellers. Interest on the Seller Notes are payable quarterly in cash or shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-day volume weighted average price of the Common Stock (“VWAP”) prior to payment (which, as of May 10, 2024, was $0.83 per share) and are also convertible to the sellers upon the terms and conditions in the Seller Notes. The amount of shares registered hereby represents interest on the Short-Term Seller Notes that are payable quarterly in cash or shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-day volume weighted average price of the Common Stock (“VWAP”) prior to payment (which, as of May 10, 2024, was $0.83 per share);

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up to 536,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued, or that may become issuable, to Pacsquare Technologies, LLC (“Pacsquare”) pursuant to the Source Code Purchase Agreement and Master Services Agreement, dated as of February 16, 2024 (the “Pacsquare Purchase Agreement”), as consideration for the acquisition of a proprietary trading platform with clearing and settlement capabilities, including certain software and source code. The Company previously issued to Pacsquare 136,000 shares at a price of $6.25 per share and 200,000 shares at a price of $1.50 per share in satisfaction of a total cash amount of $1,150,000. Of the remaining purchase price, $950,000 is payable in four monthly installments of $237,500 in cash or shares of Common Stock at the price per share on the day of issuance, as source code is provided; and $2.7 million is payable on a module-by-module basis at the price per share on the day of issuance;

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40,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued to Commercial Bancorp of Wyoming (“Commercial Bancorp”) in lieu of a non-refundable escrow deposit, pursuant to the Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 26, 2024 by and between AtlasClear and Commercial Bancorp (as amended, the “Bank Acquisition Agreement”);

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up to 18,000,000 shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to Funicular Funds, LP (“Funicular”), pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, between AtlasClear Holdings and Quantum (the “Funicular Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which AtlasClear Holdings issued to Funicular a secured convertible promissory note (the “Funicular Note”) in the amount of $6,000,000 in a private placement. The Funicular Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of Funicular at any time at an initial conversion price of $10.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to adjustment monthly to a price equal to the trailing five-day VWAP, subject to a floor of $2.00 per share (provided that if the Company sells stock at an effective price below $2.00 per share, such floor would be reduced to such effective price);

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2,000,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued to Qvent LLC, an affiliate of Quantum, at a price per share of $2.32, in settlement of an aggregate of $4,633,833 advanced to Quantum through the Closing Date, which shares of Common Stock were subsequently transferred to Quantum Ventures LLC (“Quantum Ventures”) and subsequently distributed to Quantum Ventures’ members and other persons;

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32,188 shares of Common Stock that were issued to Calabrese Consulting LLC (“Calabrese”), pursuant to a Satisfaction and Discharge Agreement, dated as of April 4, 2024, between Calabrese and the Company (the “Calabrese Agreement”), in lieu of payment for accounting services in the amount of $64,236, at a price per share of $2.00;

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46,010 shares of Common Stock that were issued to Grant Thornton LLP (“Grant Thornton”), pursuant to a Satisfaction and Discharge Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, between Grant Thornton and the Company (the “Grant Thornton Agreement”), in lieu of payment for services in the amount of $460,100, at a price per share of $10.00;

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155,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued to IB Capital LLC (“IB”), pursuant to a Satisfaction and Discharge Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, between IB and the Company (the “IB Agreement”), in lieu of payment for services in the amount of $295,000, at a price per share of $1.90;

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20,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued to Outside The Box Capital Inc. (“OTB”), pursuant to a Marketing Services Agreement, dated as of September 13, 2023, between OTB and Quantum (the “OTB Agreement”), as payment in shares for services rendered to Quantum;

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up to 350,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued, or may become issuable, to Carriage House Capital, Inc. (“Carriage”), pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, dated as of February 19, 2024, between Carriage and the Company (the “Carriage Agreement”), as partial consideration for consulting services rendered to the Company, at the price per share on the day of issuance. The Company previously issued 100,000 shares of Common Stock to Carriage;

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up to 298,017 shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to Interest Solutions, LLC (“Interest Solutions”), pursuant to a convertible promissory note, dated as of February 9, 2024, in the aggregate principal amount of $275,000 (the “Interest Solutions Note”) at a price per share of $1.00. Accrued interest on the Interest Solutions Note is payable monthly, beginning on June 30, 2024, at a rate of 13% per annum. Until all payments have been made to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, interest on the Interest Solutions Note may be paid in cash or shares of Common Stock valued at the then-current conversion price. Thereafter, all accrued interest must be paid in cash;

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up to 375,000 shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (“JonesTrading”), pursuant to a convertible promissory note, dated as of February 9, 2024, in the aggregate principal amount of $375,000 (the “JonesTrading Note”) at a price per share of $1.00. Accrued interest on the JonesTrading Note is payable monthly, beginning on June 30, 2024, at a rate of 13% per annum. Until all payments have been made to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, interest on the Interest Solutions Note may be paid in cash or shares of Common Stock valued at the then-current conversion price. Thereafter, all accrued interest must be paid in cash;

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up to 833,333 shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to Winston & Strawn LLP (“Winston & Strawn”), pursuant to a subscription agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, between Winston & Strawn and the Company (the “Winston & Strawn Agreement”) at a price per share of $1.00. Pursuant to the Winston Agreement, the Company may issue $2,500,000 worth of shares of Common Stock as payment for legal services, in three equal installments of $833,333 beginning on August 9, 2024;

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up to 12,000 shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to Lead Nector in lieu of payment for internet marketing services in the amount of $20,000; and

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up to 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to an investor, Tau, pursuant to the non-binding term sheet entered into between the Company and Tau, dated as of April 29, 2024 (the “ELOC Term Sheet”). Pursuant to the term sheet, Tau would commit to purchase up to $10 million of Common Stock of the Company over the course of 24 months from the date of entry into a definitive agreement. Each advance may be up to the greater of

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200,000 shares or 50% of the average daily volume traded of the shares during the 30 trading days immediately pro to the date the Company requests each advance.

The shares of Common Stock that may be sold by the Selling Stockholders are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the “Offered Shares.” Our registration of the resale of the Offered Shares does not mean that the Selling Stockholders will offer or sell any of the Offered Shares.

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by the Selling Stockholders of any of the Offered Shares. We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the resale of the Offered Shares. The Selling Stockholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to their respective sales of the Offered Shares.

The Selling Stockholders may offer and sell the securities covered by this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. We provide more information about how the Selling Stockholders may sell the securities in the section titled “Plan of Distribution.” In addition, certain of the securities being registered hereby are subject to transfer restrictions that may prevent the Selling Stockholders from offering or selling such securities. See the section titled “Description of Securities” for more information.

As of April 30, 2024, the number of shares of Common Stock that may be offered for resale by the Selling Stockholders pursuant to this prospectus is almost 3.1 times larger than the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock. Sales of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock in the public markets, including by the Selling Stockholders, some of whom obtained their shares at prices or values below the current market price, or the perception in the market that such sales could occur, could result in a significant decline in the public trading price of the Common Stock. For more information regarding this risk, see “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Ownership of the Offered Shares - Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by the Company or its stockholders in the public market could cause the market price for the Common Stock to decline.”

You should carefully read this prospectus, and any applicable prospectus supplement, before you invest in any of our securities.

The shares of Common Stock are listed on the New York American LLC (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “ATCH”. On May 10, 2024, the last sale price of the Common Stock as reported on the NYSE was $0.83 per share.

Investing in our securities involves certain risks, including those that are described in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 20 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is May 13, 2024.

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You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No one has been authorized to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus. This prospectus is dated as of the date set forth on the cover hereof. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than that date.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the Selling Stockholders may, from time to time, offer and sell, as applicable, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings through any means described in the section titled “Plan of Distribution.” More specific terms of any securities that the Selling Stockholders offer and sell may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the Offered Shares and the terms of the offering.

A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information included in this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in such prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus.

You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front of those documents only, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement, or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus we have prepared. We and the Selling Stockholders take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you.

This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the section titled “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and some of the information incorporated herein by reference includes forward-looking statements regarding, among other things, our plans, strategies and prospects, both business and financial. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Generally, statements that are not historical facts, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events or results of operations, and any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. These statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “believes,” “continues,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “plans,” “scheduled,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “aims,” “works,” “focuses,” “aspires,” “strives” or “sets out” or similar expressions.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance, and the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward looking. You should understand that the following important factors could affect our future results, and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements herein:

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our ability to realize the benefits expected from the Business Combination (as defined herein);

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our ability to complete the acquisition of Commercial Bancorp of Wyoming (“Commercial Bancorp”);

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our ability to successfully integrate our recent and proposed acquisitions, including the acquisition of Commercial Bancorp, and to realize the synergies and benefits of such acquisitions;

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our ability to successfully implement the AtlasClear Platform (as defined herein);

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our significant indebtedness and our ability to service such indebtedness;

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the volatility of the price of our common stock and the possibility that stockholders could incur substantial losses;

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potential dilution of our stockholder interests resulting from our issuance of equity securities;

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the ability to maintain the listing of our Common Stock on the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE”), and the potential liquidity and trading of such securities;

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our ability to grow and manage growth profitably;

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our ability to raise financing in the future, if and when needed;

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our success in retaining or recruiting, or adapting to changes in, our officers, key employees, or directors following the Business Combination;

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our ability to attract and retain our senior management and other highly qualified personnel;

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our ability to achieve or maintain profitability;

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the period over which we anticipate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements;

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our ability to successfully protect against cybersecurity attacks or breaches, ransomware attacks, and other disruptions to our information technology structure;

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our ability to successfully compete against other companies;

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our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, and needs for additional financing;

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the effect of economic downturns and political and market conditions beyond our control; and

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other factors detailed under the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties described in the “Risk Factors” section of the other documents we file from time to time with the SEC. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

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SUMMARY OF THE PROSPECTUS

This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and may not contain all of the information that is important to you in making an investment decision. Before investing in our securities, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including our financial statements and the related notes included in this prospectus and the information set forth under the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Overview

Our goal is to build a cutting-edge technology enabled financial services firm that would create a more efficient platform for trading, clearing, settlement and banking, with evolving and innovative financial products that focus on financial services firms. We are a fintech driven business-to-business platform that expects to power innovation in fintech, investing, and trading. We believe we are positioned to provide a modern, mission-critical suite of solutions to our prospective clients, enabling them to reduce their transactions costs and compete more effectively in their businesses.

Our target client base for our prime banking and prime brokerage services includes financial services firms, generally with annual revenues up to $1 billion, including brokerage firms, hedge funds, pension plans, and family offices that are not adequately served by today’s larger correspondent clearing firms and banks. The larger clearing firms have raised their minimums to a point where it is difficult for this segment of the market to meet the requirements for access to their clearing offerings. Smaller financial services firms are thus forced to find alternative solutions to continue to service their client bases. The practice of obtaining these services through intermediaries (often referred to as piggy-backing) results in additional fees and a loss of transparency and control for such financial services firms. As a result, such financial services firms are ideal clients for the “one stop shop” solutions our integrated business model intends to provide.

Through the acquisition of Wilson-Davis, a correspondent clearing company, and our anticipated acquisition Commercial Bancorp, a federal reserve member, we expect to acquire the capabilities to provide specialized clearing and banking services to financial services firms, with an emphasis on global markets currently underserviced by larger vendors. Once properly integrated, anticipated synergies between Commercial Bancorp and Wilson-Davis are expected to allow for lower cost of capital, higher net interest margins, expanded product development and greater credit extension.

In addition, we believe the technology platform that we are currently developing and integrating following the acquisition of the Pacsquare Assets and the Fintech Assets (each as defined below) are cutting-edge, flexible and scalable. Unlike other companies that are beholden to legacy technology stacks, that may struggle to keep pace with rapidly evolving client and customer expectations in an ever-increasing digital world, our platform is anticipated to be modern, nimble and unencumbered.

The Business Combination

On February 9, 2024, we consummated the previously announced transactions pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement.

Prior to the Closing, pursuant to (i) the Assignment and Assumption Agreement and Bill of Sale, dated November 16, 2022, by and among AtlasClear, Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies, Corp. (the “Contribution Agreement”), AtlasClear received certain assets from Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp., and (ii) the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2022, between Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc. (“Wilson-Davis”) and AtlasClear (as amended, the “Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement”), AtlasClear completed the acquisition of broker-dealer, Wilson-Davis. In addition, at Closing, the Agreement and Plan of Merger between Commercial Bancorp, a Wyoming corporation and parent of Farmers State Bank (“Commercial Bancorp”) and AtlasClear (as amended, the “Bank Acquisition Agreement”), pursuant to which AtlasClear has agreed to acquire Commercial Bancorp, continued to be in full force and effect.

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In addition, the AtlasClear Stockholders will receive up to 5,944,444 shares of Common Stock (the “Earn Out Shares”) upon certain milestones (based on the achievement of certain price targets of Common Stock following the Closing). In the event such milestones are not met within the first 18 months following the Closing, the Earn Out Shares will not be issued. Atlas FinTech will also receive up to $20 million of shares of Common Stock (“Software Products Earn Out Shares”), which will be issued to Atlas FinTech upon certain milestones based on the achievement of certain revenue targets of software products contributed to AtlasClear by Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. following the Closing. The revenue targets will be measured yearly for five years following Closing, with no catch-up between the years.

In connection with the Closing, each share of Common Stock that was outstanding and had not been redeemed, including each Founder Share, was converted into one share of Common Stock. Each outstanding public warrant to purchase Common Stock became a warrant to purchase one-half of a share of Common Stock. Each outstanding warrant to purchase Common Stock initially issued in a private placement in connection with Quantum’s initial public offering became a warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock. All shares of Common Stock and Warrants were registered under the registration statement on Form S-4, as amended, related to the Business Combination, that was declared effective by the SEC on October 10, 2023.

Agreements in Connection with the IPO and Closing of the Business Combination

Non-Redemption Agreement

On August 1, 2023, Quantum and Quantum Ventures entered into a non-redemption agreement (the “Non-Redemption Agreement”) with Funicular Funds, LP (the “Holder”) in exchange for the Holder agreeing either not to request redemption in connection with the Extension (as defined below) or to reverse any previously submitted redemption demand in connection with the Extension with respect to an aggregate of 2,351,800 shares of common stock at the special meeting of stockholders called by the Company to, among other things, approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to extend the date by which the Company must consummate an initial business combination to up to February 9, 2024 or such earlier date as is determined by the board of directors of the Company to be in the best interests of the Company (the “Extension”). In consideration of the foregoing agreement, immediately prior to, and substantially concurrently with, the closing of an initial business combination, (i) Quantum Ventures agreed to surrender and forfeit to the Company for no consideration an aggregate of 235,180 shares of common stock held by Quantum Ventures (the “Forfeited Shares”) and an aggregate of 235,180 warrants held by Quantum Ventures to purchase 235,180 shares of common stock (the “Forfeited Warrants”) and (ii) the Company agreed to issue to the Holder a number shares of common stock equal to the number of Forfeited Shares and a number of warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to the number of Forfeited Warrants. As of February 9, 2024, there are no further obligations under the Non-Redemption Agreement and the agreement is terminated.

Wilson-Davis Sellers Amendments to Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement

Prior to the Closing, AtlasClear and AltasClear Holdings entered into two amendments to the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement with Wilson-Davis and the then-owners of Wilson-Davis (the “Wilson-Davis Sellers”), Amendment No. 8 dated January 9, 2024 (“Amendment No. 8”) and Amendment No. 9 dated February 7, 2024 (“Amendment No. 9” and, together with Amendment No. 8, the “Amendments”). Among other things, the Amendments reduced the total purchase price payable under the Broker- Dealer Acquisition Agreement by $5 million and reduced the cash payable at the Wilson-Davis Closing as part of the purchase price to $8 million, with the balance of the purchase price paid in the form of convertible promissory notes issued by AtlasClear to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, as follows: (i) $5,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 90 days after the Closing Date (the “Short-Term Notes”) and (ii) $7,971,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 24 months after the Closing Date (the “Long-Term Notes” and, together with the Short-Term Notes, the “Seller Notes”). The Short-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 9% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day volume weighted average price of the Common Stock (“VWAP”) prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time during the continuance of an event of default, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion. The Long-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 13% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, in cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time commencing six months after the Closing Date, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion (or 85% if an event of default occurs and is continuing).

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Pursuant to the terms of the Amendments, at the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement (the “Wilson-Davis Closing”) the Company entered into a parent guaranty and registration rights agreement with the Wilson-Davis Sellers (the “Wilson-Davis Guaranty and RRA”), pursuant to which the Company guaranteed the obligations of AtlasClear under the Notes. The Company also agreed (i) to file, within 30 days of the Closing Date, a registration statement with the SEC, registering the resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes and (ii) if necessary to allow any of the Notes to be converted into shares of Common Stock in accordance with the rules of the NYSE, to seek stockholder approval for the issuance of such shares, including by filing a proxy statement by no later than April 30, 2024.

Funicular Convertible Note Financing

The Funicular Note has a stated maturity date of November 9, 2025. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to 12.5%, and is payable semi-annually on each June 30 and December 31. On each interest payment date, the accrued and unpaid interest shall, at the election of the Company in its sole discretion, be either paid in cash or paid in-kind by increasing the principal amount of the Funicular Note. In the event of an Event of Default (as defined in the Funicular Note), in addition to Funicular’s other rights and remedies, the interest rate would increase to 20% per annum. The Funicular Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $10.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to adjustment monthly to a price equal to the trailing five-day VWAP, subject to a floor of $2.00 per share (provided that if the Company sells stock at an effective price below $2.00 per share, such floor would be reduced to such effective price), and is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like. The Company has the right to redeem the Funicular Note upon 30 days’ notice after the earlier of August 7, 2024 and the effectiveness of the Registration Statement (as defined in the Funicular Note), and Funicular would have the right to require the Company to redeem the Note in connection with a Change of Control (as defined in the Note), in each case for a price equal to 101% of the outstanding principal amount of the Note plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Funicular Note contains covenants which, among other things, limit the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, incur additional liens and sell its assets or properties.

The Funicular Note is secured by a perfected security interest in substantially all of the existing and future assets of the Company and each Grantor (as defined in the Security Agreement, as defined below), including a pledge of all of the capital stock of each of the Grantors, subject to certain exceptions, as evidenced by (i) a security agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024 (the “Security Agreement”), entered into among the Company, each of the Company’s subsidiaries and Funicular, and (ii) a guaranty, dated as of February 9, 2024 (the “Guaranty”), executed by each of the Company’s subsidiaries pursuant to which each of them has agreed to guaranty the obligations of the Company under the Funicular Note and the other Loan Documents (as defined in the Funicular Note).

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed, among other things, that if the Funicular Note becomes convertible into a number of shares of Common Stock in excess of 19.9% of the Company’s total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding, to seek the approval of its stockholders for the issuance of all shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Funicular Note in excess of that amount, in accordance with the rules of the NYSE American. Also pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, at the Closing the Sponsor transferred 600,000 Founder Shares and 600,000 private placement warrants to Funicular, which transfers terminated Quantum’s obligation to issue shares to Funicular pursuant to the terms of the non-redemption agreement, dated August 1, 2023, between Quantum and Funicular and previously disclosed in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus.

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In connection with the Note Financing, on February 9, 2024, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with Funicular (the “Funicular Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed, among other things, to file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 15 days after the Closing Date a registration statement registering the resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Funicular Note (the “Funicular Registration Statement”), and the Company agreed to use its best efforts to have the Funicular Registration Statement declared effective as promptly as reasonably possible after the filing thereof, but in any event within 60 days of the Closing Date. If the registration statement is not filed within 30 days after the Closing or is not declared effective by the applicable deadline set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement, or under certain other circumstances described in the Registration Rights Agreement, then the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Buyer an amount in cash equal to 5% of the original principal amount of the Note on a monthly basis until the applicable event giving rise to such payments is cured. The Funicular Registration Rights Agreement also provides that the Company is obligated to file additional registration statements under certain circumstances, and provides Funicular with customary “piggyback” registration rights.

Chardan Convertible Promissory Note

The Chardan Note has a stated maturity date of February 9, 2028. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to 13%, and is payable quarterly on the first day of each calendar quarter. On each interest payment date, the accrued and unpaid interest shall, at the election of AtlasClear Holdings, be either paid in cash or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, in shares of Common Stock, at a rate equal to 85% of the VWAP for the trading day immediately prior to the applicable interest payment date. The Chardan Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at a conversion price equal to 90% of the VWAP of the Common Stock for the trading day immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. In addition, on each conversion date AtlasClear Holdings is required to pay to Chardan in cash (or, at AtlasClear Holdings’s option and subject to certain conditions, a combination of cash and Common Stock) all accrued interest on the Chardan Note and all interest that would otherwise accrue on the amount of the Note being converted if such converted amount would be held to three years after the applicable conversion date. In addition, on each conversion date the Company is required to pay to Chardan in cash (or, at the Company’s option and subject to certain conditions, a combination of cash and Common Stock) all accrued interest on the Chardan Note and all interest that would otherwise accrue on the amount of the Note being converted if such converted amount would be held to three years after the applicable conversion date. Conversion of the Chardan Note, including the issuance of shares to pay interest thereon, is limited to the extent that such conversion would result in Chardan (together with its affiliates and any other persons acting as a group together with Chardan or its affiliates) beneficially owning in excess of 9.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such conversion. The conversion price applicable to the Chardan is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and is subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for, Common Stock at a price below the then-applicable conversion price (subject to certain exceptions). The Chardan Note is subject to a demand for immediate repayment in cash upon the occurrence of certain events of default specified therein.

Also on February 9, 2024, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with Chardan (the “Chardan Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed, among other things, to file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 45 days after the Closing Date a registration statement registering the resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Chardan Note and to use its reasonable best efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as soon as possible after filing. If the registration statement is not filed within 45 days after the Closing or is not effective within a specified period after the Closing (or if effectiveness is subsequently suspended or terminated for at least 15 days, subject to certain exceptions), then the interest rate of the Chardan Note will increase by 2% for each week that such event continues. The Chardan Registration Rights Agreement also provides that the Company is obligated to file additional registration statements under certain circumstances, and provides Chardan with customary “piggyback” registration rights.

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As previously disclosed in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 17, 2024, the Company does not intend to register any shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Chardan Note on this, or any future, resale registration statement that the Company files with the SEC until the arbitration claim brought against Chardan is resolved. As a result, the shares of Common Stock issued to Chardan will not be registered hereunder.

Pacsquare Purchase Agreement

Pursuant to the transactions contemplated by a letter of intent, on February 16, 2024, AtlasClear and Pacsquare entered into a Source Code Purchase Agreement and Master Services Agreement (the “Pacsquare Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which AtlasClear acquired a proprietary trading platform with clearing and settlement capabilities that will be developed by Pacsquare, including certain software and source code (the “AtlasClear Platform”). Pursuant to the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement, Pacsquare will develop, implement and launch the AtlasClear Platform and provide maintenance and support services as described in the agreement. The Pacsquare Purchase Agreement provides that Pacsquare will develop and deliver to AtlasClear the Level 1 equities trading platform and that it will develop and deliver all modules of the clearing platform within 12 months of signing the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement. AtlasClear owns all the intellectual property relating to the AtlasClear Platform, including the software and source code. The Pacsquare Purchase Agreement also granted AtlasClear a right of first refusal to any products or services that relate to trading, settlement, clearance or any other business of AtlasClear that Pacsquare proposes to offer to other persons. The purchase price for the assets was $4.8 million as follows: (i) $1.9 million, consisting of (A) $100,000 payable in a cash upon delivery of the source code and execution of the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement; (B) $850,000 payable in shares of Common Stock at a price of $6.00 per share; and (C) $950,000 to be paid in four monthly installments of $237,500, payable in shares of Common Stock at the price per share on the day of issuance and (ii) $2.7 million to be paid ratably on a module-by-module basis upon delivery and acceptance of each of the AtlasClear Platform modules. AtlasClear has sole discretion to determine whether any of the foregoing payments will be made in cash or shares of Common Stock. The Company has issued 336,000 shares of Common Stock to Pacsquare pursuant to the terms of the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement.

Amendment to Bank Acquisition Agreement

On February 26, 2024, AtlasClear and Commercial Bancorp entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 16, 2022, by and between AtlasClear and Commercial Bancorp (the “Bank Acquisition Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, Commercial Bancorp is expected to merge with and into a subsidiary of AtlasClear. Pursuant to the Amendment Commercial Bancorp received 40,000 shares of Common Stock in lieu of a nonrefundable escrow deposit.

Expense Settlements

In connection with the Closing, on and after the date thereof, the Company agreed to settle certain accrued expenses and other obligations to certain parties through the issuance of shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to such arrangements, the Company issued or will issue shares of Common Stock to the entities below as follows:

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Quantum Ventures – the Company issued to Qvent, LLC, an affiliate of the Quantum (“Qvent”), 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock, at a price per share of $2.32, in settlement of an aggregate of $4,633,833 advanced to Quantum through the Closing Date, which shares were subsequently transferred to Quantum Ventures and subsequently distributed to Quantum Ventures’ members and other persons.

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Calabrese LLC – 32,188 shares of Common Stock that were issued to Calabrese Consulting LLC (“Calabrese”), pursuant to a Satisfaction and Discharge Agreement, dated as of April 4, 2024, between Calabrese and the Company (the “Calabrese Agreement”), in lieu of payment for accounting services in the amount of $64,236, at a price per share of $2.00.

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Grant Thornton LLP – 46,010 shares of Common Stock that were issued to Grant Thornton LLP (“Grant Thornton”), pursuant to a Satisfaction and Discharge Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, between Grant Thornton and the Company (the “Grant Thornton Agreement”), in lieu of payment for services in the amount of $460,100, at a price per share of $10.00.

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IB Capital LLC – 155,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued to IB Capital LLC (“IB”), pursuant to a Satisfaction and Discharge Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, between IB and the Company (the “IB Agreement”), in lieu of payment for services in the amount of $295,000, at a price per share of $1.90.

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Outside The Box Capital Inc. – 20,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued to Outside The Box Capital Inc. (“OTB”), pursuant to a Marketing Services Agreement, dated as of September 13, 2023, between OTB and Quantum (the “OTB Agreement”), as payment in shares for services rendered to Quantum.

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Carriage House Capital, Inc. – up to 350,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued, or may become issuable, to Carriage House Capital, Inc. (“Carriage”), pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, dated as of February 19, 2024, between Carriage and the Company (the “Carriage Agreement”), as partial consideration for consulting services rendered to the Company, at the price per share of $4.98 on the day of issuance. The total consideration due under the Consulting Agreement is 350,000 shares of Common Stock, 100,007 shares of which were due upon signing of the contract and 27,777 shares of which are due in months four through twelve from the date of signing. As of the date of this prospectus, the Company has issued 100,000 shares of Common Stock to Carriage.

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Interest Solutions, LLC – up to 298,017 shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to Interest Solutions, LLC (“Interest Solutions”), pursuant to a convertible promissory note, dated as of February 9, 2024, in the aggregate principal amount of $275,000 (the “Interest Solutions Note”) at a price per share of $1.00. Accrued interest on the Interest Solutions Note is payable monthly, beginning on June 30, 2024, at a rate of 13% per annum. Until all payments have been made to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, interest on the Interest Solutions Note may be paid in cash or shares of Common Stock valued at the then-current conversion price. Thereafter, all accrued interest must be paid in cash.

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JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC – p to 375,000 shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (“JonesTrading”), pursuant to a convertible promissory note, dated as of February 9, 2024, in the aggregate principal amount of $375,000 (the “JonesTrading Note”) at a price per share of $1.00. Accrued interest on the JonesTrading Note is payable monthly, beginning on June 30, 2024, at a rate of 13% per annum. Until all payments have been made to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, interest on the Interest Solutions Note may be paid in cash or shares of Common Stock valued at the then-current conversion price. Thereafter, all accrued interest must be paid in cash.

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Winston & Strawn LLP – up to 833,333 shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to Winston & Strawn LLP (“Winston & Strawn”), pursuant to a subscription agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, between Winston & Strawn and the Company (the “Winston & Strawn Agreement”) at a price per share of $1.00. Pursuant to the Winston Agreement, the Company may issue $2,500,000 worth of shares of Common Stock as payment for legal services, in three equal installments of $833,333 beginning on August 9, 2024.

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Toppan Merrill LLC – the Company issued to Toppan Merrill LLC (“Toppan”) a promissory note, dated as of February 9, 2024, in the aggregate principal amount of $160,025 (the “Toppan Note”). The maturity date of the Toppan Note is February 8, 2026 and the note accrues interest at a rate of 13% per annum. The principal and interest payments due under the note is not payable in shares of Common Stock.

ELOC Term Sheet

On April 29, 2024, the Company and an investor, entered into a non-binding term sheet (the “ELOC Term Sheet”). Pursuant to the ELOC Term Sheet, Tau would commit to purchase up to $10 million of Common Stock of the Company over the course of 24 months from the date of entry into a definitive agreement. Each advance may be up to the greater of 200,000 shares or 50% of the average daily volume traded of the shares during the 30 trading days immediately pro to the date the Company requests each advance. 5,000,000 of the shares of Common Stock that may be issuable to Tau are being registered hereby. The ELOC Term Sheet is not binding and subject to completion of definitive agreements between the parties.

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Summary Risk Factors

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section titled “Risk Factors,” that represent challenges that we face in connection with the successful implementation of our strategy and the growth of our business. In particular, the following risks, among others, may offset our competitive strengths or have a negative effect on our business strategy, which could cause a decline in the price of Common Stock and result in a loss of all or a portion of your investment:

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We are a new company with no prior operating history, which makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects.

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We may require substantial funding to finance our operations, but adequate financing may not be available when we need it, on acceptable terms or at all.

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Uncertain global macro-economic and political conditions could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

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The loss of Robert McBey, Our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, or other key personnel, or failure to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel, could harm our business.

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The requirement that we repay notes outstanding, including the Funicular Note, the Seller Notes and the Chardan Note could adversely affect our business plan, liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations.

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Restrictive covenants under the Convertible Notes could limit our growth and our ability to finance our operations, fund our capital needs, respond to changing conditions and engage in other business activities that may be in our best interests.

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If the proposed CB Merger (as defined below) is completed, we may experience difficulties in integrating the operations of Wilson-Davis and Commercial Bancorp and in realizing the expected benefits of these transactions.

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Wilson-Davis and Commercial Bancorp, if acquired, may have liabilities that are not known to AtlasClear and the indemnities negotiated in the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement and the Bank Acquisition Agreement may not offer adequate protection.

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We may in the future make acquisitions, and such acquisitions could disrupt our operations, and may have an adverse effect on our operating results.

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Any acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures that we enter into could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We may be unable to successfully grow our business if we fail to compete effectively with others to attract and retain our executive officers and other key management and technical personnel.

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Wilson-Davis’ liquidation of microcap securities and related activities in the over-the-counter market segment expose it to significant risk.

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The over-the-counter markets for the microcap securities Wilson-Davis liquidates frequently have limited trading volume and volatile trading prices.

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The penny stock rules limit Wilson-Davis’ trading practices.

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Wilson-Davis needs to continue to maintain its excess net capital above the NSCC requirement of $10 million to continue to provide correspondent clearing services for introducing brokers.

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Wilson-Davis is substantially dependent on one principal customer.

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Wilson-Davis customers liquidate securities of smaller reporting companies that have relaxed disclosure obligations.

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Wilson-Davis customers also liquidate securities in companies that do not file SEC reports, so there is very little, if any, reliable data publicly available about them.

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Wilson-Davis is, and may in the future be, subject to significant regulatory enforcement proceedings.

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Wilson-Davis and certain of its personnel are subject to various regulatory disciplinary orders that could be the basis of future regulatory action.

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Wilson-Davis’ procedures, policies, and practices to comply with the comprehensive anti-money laundering regulatory regime may not be sufficient to assure compliance.

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General, long-term financial and economic conditions and unforeseen events may adversely affect Wilson-Davis’ financial condition and results of operations.

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Wilson-Davis may be unable to attract and retain registered representatives and other professional employees.

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FINRA has adopted rules that impose significant compliance requirements on making investment recommendations to retail customers.

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Wilson-Davis is exposed to credit risk and other risks from customers, market makers, and other counterparties. Wilson-Davis faces significant risks in conducting its market making business. Systems and security failures could significantly disrupt Wilson-Davis’ business and subject the firm to losses, litigation, and regulatory actions.

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Wilson-Davis relies on numerous external service providers whose failure to provide those services properly may result in significant adverse events.

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Wilson-Davis relies on representations of third parties to ensure compliance with applicable laws and rules. Damage to Wilson-Davis’ reputation could adversely impact its business.

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We are or may be subject to numerous risks relating to the need to comply with data and information privacy laws.

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We are subject to cybersecurity risks and interruptions or failures in our information technology systems and as we grow, we will need to expend additional resources to enhance our protection from such risks. Any cyber incident could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption, and/or a financial loss that has a material adverse impact on our business and that could subject us to legal claims.

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Issues in the use of artificial intelligence, including machine learning and computer vision (together, “AI”), in our analytics platforms may result in reputational harm or liability.

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Wilson-Davis is subject to extensive regulation from the SEC and FINRA, and the failure to comply with this regulation can result in significant penalties, fines, liability, and reputational harm.

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The misconduct of Wilson-Davis’ employees could expose the firm to significant legal liability and reputational harm.

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If the Pacsquare Assets are not successfully implemented or integrated into the Company’s business, or do not perform adequately, this could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, and could damage its reputation.

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The proposed acquisition of Commercial Bancorp (the “CB Merger”) may not be completed on the terms or timeline currently contemplated, or at all, as the parties may be unable to satisfy the conditions or obtain the approvals required to complete the CB Merger.

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Failure to complete the CB Merger may hinder the Company from achieving its anticipated business goals, and negatively impact the Company’s share price and its business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

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The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert our management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified independent board members.

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Stock trading volatility could impact our ability to recruit and retain employees.

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Our existing indebtedness, and any indebtedness we incur in the future, could adversely affect our financial condition, our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, our ability to operate our business, our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry and our ability to pay our debts and could divert our cash flow from operations for debt payments.

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Future sales of our Common Stock could cause the market price for our Common Stock to decline.

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An active market for our securities may not develop, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities.

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Issuances of shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement, or to settle accrued expenses and obligations, and conversion of any amounts under the Seller Notes, Funicular Note and the Chardan Note, each as defined herein, would result in substantial dilution of our stockholders and may have a negative impact on the market price of our Common Stock.

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If we are not able to raise sufficient capital to satisfy our payment obligations under the Convertible Notes, or otherwise restructure the Convertible Notes, and payment of principal and accrued and unpaid interest thereon is demanded by the holders thereof, we will be in default, and may not be able to continue as a going concern.

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We cannot assure you that we will continue to be able to comply with the continued listing standards of the NYSE American.

Corporate Information

On February 9, 2024, we completed the Business Combination, pursuant to which we were renamed “AtlasClear Holdings, Inc.” As of the open of trading on February 12, 2024, the Common Stock commenced trading on the NYSE under the symbol “ATCH.” AtlasClear Holdings’ warrants commenced trading on the OTC under the symbol “ATCHW” on February 12, 2024.

Our principal executive offices are located at 4030 Henderson Blvd., Suite 712, Tampa, FL 33629, and our telephone number at that location is (727) 446-6660. Our website address is https://www.atlasclear.com. Information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the prices of our securities may be more volatile.

Further, Section 102(b) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards). The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with certain other public companies difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the Quantum IPO, which occurred on February 9, 2021, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least

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$1.235 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common equity that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (i) the market value of our common equity held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (ii) the market value of our common equity held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter and our annual revenue in the most recent fiscal year completed before the last business day of such second fiscal quarter exceeded $100 million. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.

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THE OFFERING

Issuer	AtlasClear Holdings, Inc.

Shares of Common Stock offered by the Selling Stockholders	Up to 37,885,852 shares of Common Stock.
Shares of Common Stock offered by the Selling Stockholders

Common Stock outstanding	12,455,157 shares as of April 15, 2024.

Use of proceeds	We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Common Stock to be offered by the Selling Stockholders.

Lock-up agreements	Certain of our stockholders are subject to certain restrictions on transfer until the termination of applicable lock-up periods. See “Securities Act Restrictions on Resale of Securities - Lock-up Agreements” for further discussion.

Liquidity	This offering involves the potential sale of up to 37,885,852 shares of Common Stock currently outstanding, which represent 313.6% of our total outstanding shares of Common Stock as of April 15, 2024. Once the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is effective and during such time as it remains effective, the Selling Stockholders will be permitted, subject to the lock-up restrictions described above, to sell the shares registered hereby. The resale, or expected or potential resale, of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market could adversely affect the market price for our Common Stock and make it more difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares of Common Stock at times and prices that they feel are appropriate.

NYSE ticker symbol	“ATCH” for the Common Stock.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves risks. Before you make a decision to buy our securities, in addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed above under the section titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth herein. If any of these risks actually occur, it may materially harm our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. As a result, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additionally, the risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may become material and adversely affect our business.

Risks Related to AtlasClear and the Company

We are a new company with no prior operating history, which makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects.

We are a new company with no prior operating history, which makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects or forecast our future results. In addition, our subsidiary, AtlasClear is a new company that was formed in March 2022. Prior to such time, AtlasClear had no operations or assets. Upon Closing, AtlasClear received certain intellectual property from Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp., acquired the Pacsquare Assets and completed the acquisition of Wilson-Davis. AtlasClear expects to complete CB Merger or a similar acquisition, however, we cannot assure you that the CB Merger will be completed as anticipated. As a result of these transactions, AtlasClear expects to acquire the capabilities to provide specialized banking and clearing services to other financial services firms. Even if AtlasClear is able to consummate CB Merger, we cannot assure you that we will achieve the anticipated synergies and benefits of such transactions, that our service offerings will appeal to our target market of financial services firms, generally with annual revenues up to $1 billion, or that we will achieve our anticipated financial results. If we are not able to complete the CB Merger, or if the combined company does not achieve the anticipated operational and financial results, the value of your investment would be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, we are subject to the same risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by new companies in rapidly evolving markets. Our financial results in any given quarter can be influenced by numerous factors, many of which we are unable to predict or are outside of our control, including:

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the development and introduction of new services by us or our competitors;

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increases in marketing, sales, and other operating expenses that we may incur to grow and expand our operations and to remain competitive, and increased expenses we have incurred and will continue to incur as a public company;

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legislation and regulation;

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our ability to achieve operating margins;

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system failures or breaches of security or privacy;

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competition in the markets in which we operate, and our ability to successfully compete; and

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negative publicity we may encounter as we seek to grow our business.

We may require substantial funding to finance our operations, but adequate financing may not be available when we need it, on acceptable terms or at all.

We expect to raise capital through public or private financing or other arrangements. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. In addition, inflation rates in the U.S. have been higher than in previous years, which may result in higher costs of capital and constrained credit and liquidity. The Federal Reserve has raised, and may again raise, interest rates in response to concerns over inflation risk. Increases in interest rates could impact our ability to access the capital markets. We may sell equity securities or debt securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. If we sell any such securities in subsequent transactions, our current investors may be materially diluted. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants and could reduce our operational flexibility or achieve profitability. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to grow our business or respond to competitive pressures and consumer member demand.

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We may need to raise additional funds, and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we raise additional equity financing, our shareholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our Common Stock could decline. Furthermore, if we engage in debt financing, the holders of debt would have priority over the holders of our equity holders, and we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness. We may also be required to take other actions that would otherwise be in the interests of the debt holders and force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios, any of which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. If we need additional capital and cannot raise it on acceptable terms, we may not be able to, among other things:

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to expand our sales and marketing;

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acquire complementary technologies or businesses;

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expand operations in the United States or internationally;

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hire, train, and retain employees; or

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respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated working capital requirements.

Our failure to have sufficient capital to do any of these things could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Uncertain global macro-economic and political conditions could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations could be materially affected by economic and political conditions in the United States and internationally, including inflation, deflation, interest rates, availability of capital, war, terrorism, aging infrastructure, pandemics, energy and commodity prices, trade laws, election cycles and the effects of governmental initiatives to manage economic conditions.

The loss of Robert McBey, Our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, or other key personnel, or failure to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel, could harm our business.

Our future success depends in large part on the continued services of senior management and other key personnel. In particular, we are dependent on the services of Robert McBey, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, who is critical to the future vision and strategic direction of our business. Our senior management and other key personnel are all employed on an at-will basis, which means that their employment could be terminated by us at any time, for any reason, and without notice. Conversely, employees may voluntarily terminate their employment at any time, for any reason, and without notice, and the risk of forfeiting equity incentives and/or losing other employee benefits might not be sufficient incentive for them to remain employed with us. If we lose the services of our senior management or other key personnel, or if we are unable to attract, train, assimilate, and retain the highly skilled personnel that we need, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, train, assimilate, and retain highly skilled personnel. We face intense competition for qualified individuals from numerous software and other technology companies. We may not be able to retain our current key employees or attract, train, assimilate, or retain other highly skilled personnel in the future. We may incur significant costs to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, and we may lose new employees to our competitors before we realize the benefit of our investment in recruiting and training them. If we are unable to attract and retain suitably qualified individuals who are capable of meeting our growing technical, operational, and managerial requirements, on a timely basis or at all, our business, operating results, and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Changes in tax rates or the adoption of new tax legislation may adversely impact our financial results.

Due to shifting economic and political conditions in both the United States or elsewhere, tax policies, laws, or rates may be subject to significant changes in ways that impair our financial results. Various jurisdictions have enacted or are considering digital services taxes, which could lead to inconsistent and potentially overlapping tax regimes. In the United States, the rules dealing with federal, state and local income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the United States Treasury Department. Changes to tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect us. In recent years, many such changes have been made and changes are likely to continue to occur in the future. It cannot be predicted whether, when, in what form, or with what effective dates, new tax laws may be enacted, or regulations and rulings may be promulgated or issued under existing or new tax laws, which could result in an increase in our tax liability or require changes in the manner in which we operates in order to minimize or mitigate any adverse effects of changes in tax law or in the interpretation thereof.

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Natural disasters, including and not limited to unusual weather conditions, epidemic outbreaks, terrorist acts and political events could disrupt our business schedule.

The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, including and not limited to tornadoes, hurricanes, fires, floods and earthquakes, unusual weather conditions, pandemics and endemic outbreaks, terrorist attacks or disruptive political events in certain regions where our facilities are located, or where our third-party contractors’ and suppliers’ facilities are located, could adversely affect our business. Natural disasters including tornados, hurricanes, floods and earthquakes may damage our facilities and terrorist attacks, actual or threatened acts of war or the escalation of current hostilities, or any other military or trade disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These events also could cause or act to prolong an economic recession in the United States or abroad.

Changes in financial accounting standards or practices may cause adverse, unexpected financial reporting fluctuations and affect our reported operating results.

The U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (the “GAAP”) is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standard Board (the “FASB”), the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in accounting standards or practices can have a significant effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of transactions completed before the change is effective. New accounting pronouncements and varying interpretations of accounting pronouncements have occurred and may occur in the future. Changes to existing rules or the questioning of current practices may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct our business. Any difficulties in implementing these pronouncements could cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could result in regulatory discipline and harm investors’ confidence in us.

The requirement that we repay all oustanding notes, including the Funicular Note, the Seller Notes and the Chardan Note could adversely affect our business plan, liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations.

As discussed below, the Company sold and issued promissory notes the Funicular Note, the Seller Notes and the Chardan Note (collectively, the Convertible Notes”). If not converted, we are required to repay principal amounts outstanding under the Convertible Notes, as well as interest thereon. These obligations could have important consequences on our business. In particular, they could:

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limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate;

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increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; and

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place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors.

We cannot assure you that we will be successful in making the required payments under the Convertible Notes. If we are unable to make the required cash payments, there could be a default under the Convertible Notes. In such event, or if a default otherwise occurs under the Convertible Notes, including as a result of our failure to comply with the financial or other covenants contained therein:

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the interest rate payable under the Convertible Notes could be increased, and holders of the Convertible Notes could declare all outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable;

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the holders of the Funicular Note could foreclose against our assets; and/or

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we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation.

The Convertible Notes contain a number of affirmative and negative covenants regarding matters such as the payment of dividends, maintenance of our properties and assets, transactions with affiliates, and our ability to issue other indebtedness.

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Our ability to comply with these covenants may be adversely affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we can maintain compliance with these covenants. The financial covenants could limit our ability to make needed expenditures or otherwise conduct necessary or desirable business activities.

Risks Related to Our Business Strategy and Industry

If the proposed CB Merger is completed, we may experience difficulties in integrating the operations of Wilson-Davis and Commercial Bancorp and in realizing the expected benefits of these transactions.

Our success will depend, in part, on the ability of AtlasClear to successfully complete the proposed CB Merger, or a similar acquisition, and to realize the anticipated benefits of combining the operations of Wilson-Davis and Commercial Bancorp in an efficient and effective manner. The integration process could take longer than anticipated and could result in the loss of key employees from either company, the disruption of each company’s ongoing businesses, tax costs or inefficiencies, or inconsistencies in standards, controls, information technology systems, procedures and policies, any of which could adversely affect our ability to continue relationships with Wilson-Davis’ and Commercial Bancorp’s customers, employees or other third parties, or our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the transactions or the Business Combination, and could harm the Company’s financial performance. If we are unable to successfully integrate the operations of Wilson-Davis and Commercial Bancorp with our business, we may incur unanticipated liabilities and be unable to realize the revenue growth, operating efficiencies, synergies and other anticipated benefits resulting from such transactions and the Business Combination, and the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Wilson-Davis and Commercial Bancorp may have liabilities that are not known to AtlasClear and the indemnities negotiated in the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement and the Bank Acquisition Agreement may not offer adequate protection.

As part of the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement AtlasClear assumed certain liabilities of Wilson-Davis and as part of the Bank Acquisition Agreement, AtlasClear will assume certain liabilities of Commercial Bancorp. There may be liabilities that AtlasClear failed or was unable to discover in the course of performing due diligence investigations into these companies. AtlasClear may also have not correctly assessed the significance of certain liabilities identified in the course of its due diligence. Any such liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on the combined company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. As we integrate Wilson-Davis and, if acquired, Commercial Bancorp, into our operations, we may learn additional information about Wilson-Davis and Commercial Bancorp, such as unknown or contingent liabilities and issues relating to compliance with applicable laws, that could potentially have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may in the future make acquisitions, and such acquisitions could disrupt our operations, and may have an adverse effect on our operating results.

In order to expand our business, we have made and expect to continue to make acquisitions as part of our growth strategy. The success of our future growth strategy will depend on our ability to identify, negotiate, complete and integrate acquisitions and, if necessary, to obtain satisfactory debt or equity financing to fund those acquisitions. Acquisitions are inherently risky, and any acquisitions we complete may not be successful. Any acquisitions that we may undertake in the future involve numerous risks, including, but not limited to, the following:

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difficulties in integrating and managing the operations, personnel, systems, technologies, and products of the companies we acquire;

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diversion of our management’s attention from normal daily operations of our business;

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our inability to maintain the key business relationships and the reputations of the businesses we acquire;

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uncertainty of entry into markets in which we have limited or no prior experience and in which competitors have stronger market positions;

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our inability to increase revenue from an acquisition;

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increased costs related to acquired operations and continuing support and development of acquired products;

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our responsibility for the liabilities of the businesses we acquire;

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potential goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges and amortization associated with acquired businesses;

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adverse tax consequences associated with acquisitions;

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changes in how we are required to account for our acquisitions under the GAAP, including arrangements that we assume from an acquisition;

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potential negative perceptions of our acquisitions by consumer and business members, financial markets or investors;

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failure to obtain required approvals from governmental authorities under competition and antitrust laws on a timely basis, if at all, which could, among other things, delay or prevent us from completing a transaction, or otherwise restrict our ability to realize the expected financial or strategic goals of an acquisition;

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our inability to apply and maintain our internal standards, controls, procedures and policies to acquired businesses;

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potential loss of key employees of the companies we acquire;

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potential security vulnerabilities in acquired products that expose us to additional security risks or delay our ability to integrate the product into our service offerings;

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difficulties in increasing or maintaining security standards for acquired technology consistent with our other services, and related costs;

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ineffective or inadequate controls, procedures and policies at the acquired company;

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inadequate protection of acquired IP rights; and

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potential failure to achieve the expected benefits on a timely basis or at all.

Acquisitions involve many complexities, including, but not limited to, risks associated with the acquired business’ past activities, difficulties in integrating personnel and human resource programs, integrating technology systems and other infrastructures under our control, unanticipated expenses and liabilities, and the impact on our internal controls and compliance with the regulatory requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). There is no guarantee that our acquisitions will increase our profitability or cash flow, and our efforts could cause unforeseen complexities and additional cash outflows, including financial losses. As a result, the realization of anticipated synergies or benefits from acquisitions may be delayed or substantially reduced.

Additionally, acquisitions or asset purchases made entirely or partially for cash may reduce our cash reserves or require us to incur debt under credit agreements or otherwise. We may seek to obtain additional cash to fund any acquisition by selling equity or debt securities. We may be unable to secure the equity or debt funding necessary to finance future acquisitions on terms that are acceptable to us. If we finance acquisitions by issuing equity, convertible debt or other equity-linked securities, our existing stockholders will experience ownership dilution. The incurrence of debt may subject us to financial or other covenants, or other constraints on our business. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks associated with acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, particularly in the case of a larger acquisition or substantially concurrent acquisitions.

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Any acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures that we enter into could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

From time to time, we may evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of businesses, including partnerships or joint ventures with third parties. We may not be successful in identifying acquisition, partnership and joint venture candidates. In addition, we may not be able to continue the operational success of such businesses or successfully finance or integrate any businesses that we acquire or with which we form a partnership or joint venture. We may have potential write-offs of acquired assets and/or an impairment of any goodwill recorded as a result of acquisitions. Furthermore, the integration of any acquisition may divert management’s time and resources from our core business and disrupt our operations or may result in conflicts with our business. Any acquisition, partnership or joint venture may not be successful, may reduce our cash reserves, may negatively affect our earnings and financial performance and, to the extent financed with the proceeds of debt, may increase our indebtedness. We cannot ensure that any acquisition, partnership or joint venture we make will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to successfully grow our business if we fail to compete effectively with others to attract and retain our executive officers and other key management and technical personnel.

We believe our future success depends upon our ability to attract and retain highly competent personnel. Our employees are at-will and not subject to employment contracts. We could potentially lose the services of any of our senior management personnel at any time due to a variety of factors that could include, without limitation, death, incapacity, military service, personal issues, retirement, resignation or competing employers. Our ability to execute current plans could be adversely affected by such a loss. We may fail to attract and retain qualified technical, sales, marketing and managerial personnel required to continue to operate our business successfully. Personnel with the expertise necessary for our business are scarce and competition for personnel with proper skills is intense.

In addition, new hires frequently require extensive training before they achieve desired levels of productivity. Additionally, attrition in personnel can result from, among other things, changes related to acquisitions, retirement and disability. We may not be able to retain existing key technical, sales, marketing and managerial employees or be successful in attracting, developing or retaining other highly-qualified technical, sales, marketing and managerial personnel, particularly at such times in the future as we may need to fill a key position. If we are unable to continue to develop and retain existing executive officers or other key employees or are unsuccessful in attracting new highly-qualified employees, our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Risk Related to Wilson-Davis’ Business and Industry

Wilson-Davis’ liquidation of microcap securities and related activities in the over-the-counter market segment expose it to significant risk.

Wilson-Davis conducts activities, including customer liquidations of restricted and control securities, in microcap securities, which are subject to higher risks than securities traded on national securities exchanges. Microcap securities generally are issued by companies with low or “micro” capitalizations, meaning the total market capitalization value of the company’s stock is less than $250 million, which includes low-priced securities, or penny stocks, that trade at below $5.00 per share and have a market capitalization of less than $50 million. Microcap securities frequently are issued by smaller reporting companies, which relaxes many of the disclosure obligations applicable to larger companies (see below). Further, trading in such microcap securities requires Wilson-Davis to meet heightened customer disclosure obligations for any retail transactions. Because of perceived risks associated with the above factors, Wilson-Davis believes it faces heightened regulatory scrutiny from the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (the “FINRA”) and other self-regulatory organizations that require particular attention to compliance measures and supervision.

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The over-the-counter markets for the microcap securities Wilson-Davis liquidates frequently have limited trading volume and volatile trading prices.

The trading markets for the microcap securities Wilson-Davis liquidates frequently have limited trading volume and volatile price fluctuations, which sometimes makes it difficult to fulfill customers’ orders at requested amounts or prices. In addition, because of market conditions, Wilson-Davis may restrict the number of shares that a customer or a group of customers may liquidate in a single security to mitigate possible undue market selling pressure or to reduce potential market impact. Wilson-Davis may not be successful in detecting market conditions that warrant the above or other trading precautions to meet its compliance obligations. Any such trading limitations may impair Wilson-Davis’ competitive position and contribute to customer dissatisfaction.

The penny stock rules limit Wilson-Davis’ trading practices.

Wilson-Davis must comply with special penny stock rules if it sells such stock to retail customers, as distinguished from other broker-dealers. Although Wilson-Davis has a policy of limiting penny stock sales only to other broker-dealers, if Wilson-Davis sells penny stocks to retail customers, it must provide purchasers of these stocks with a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the Commission. This document provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks involved in investing in the penny stock market. A broker must also give a purchaser, orally or in writing, bid and offer quotations and information regarding broker and salesperson compensation, make a written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser, and obtain the purchaser’s written agreement to the purchase. The penny stock rules may make it difficult for investors to sell their shares of penny stock. Because of these rules, many brokers choose not to participate in penny stock transactions and there is less trading in penny stocks. Accordingly, investors may not always be able to resell shares of penny stock publicly at times and prices that they feel are appropriate. Wilson-Davis cannot assure that any penny stock rules compliance measures that it adopts and implements will be effective.

Wilson-Davis needs to continue to maintain its excess net capital above the NSCC requirement of $10 million to continue to provide correspondent clearing services for introducing brokers.

Wilson-Davis is subject to amendments of rules adopted by NSCC that require Wilson-Davis to have excess net capital of at least $10.0 million as of October 26, 2023 if Wilson-Davis clears for an introducing broker. As of December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis had net capital of approximately $10.8 million. Investors, including the owners of Wilson-Davis and Mr. Schaible, provided an aggregate of $1,300,000 in subordinated demand notes which were funded on October 13, 2023, and FINRA approved the demand notes. The notes are expected to mature on October 13, 2024 and to have an interest rate of 5% per annum, payable quarterly. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, Glendale, the sole introducing broker at Wilson, provided $244,192 or approximately 7% of Wilson-Davis’ revenues. However, the growth of clearing services for introducing broker customers is expected to be a key driver to meet the Company’s future revenue goals. As a result, if we fail to meet the increased capital requirements of NSCC on an ongoing basis, we would be unable to provide clearing services for introducing brokers which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s revenues in the future.

Wilson-Davis is substantially dependent on one principal customer.

During the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Wilson-Davis received 10.3% and 15.8% of its revenue, respectively, from securities liquidations of Canadian traded securities for customers of Canaccord Genuity. The termination or material reduction in the securities liquidation for customers of Canaccord Genuity would have a material adverse effect on the revenues and results of operation of Wilson-Davis.

Wilson-Davis customers liquidate securities of smaller reporting companies that have relaxed disclosure obligations.

The microcap securities Wilson-Davis customers principally liquidate are issued by smaller reporting companies. The disclosures smaller reporting companies are required to provide in SEC periodic reports are less than those of larger reporting companies. Specifically, smaller reporting companies are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings, are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, and have certain other reduced disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including being permitted to provide two, rather than three, years of audited financial statements in annual reports. Reduced disclosures in smaller reporting company periodic reports may make it harder for investors to analyze results of operations and financial prospects. Wilson-Davis believes that the foregoing contributes to increased volatility and lower trading volume for the securities markets for smaller reporting companies, many of which are microcap securities.

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Wilson-Davis customers also liquidate securities in companies that do not file SEC reports, so there is very little, if any, reliable data publicly available about them.

In addition to smaller reporting companies, Wilson-Davis customers also liquidate securities of companies that are not subject to SEC reporting requirements and thus do not file any periodic reports. Frequently, there is little reliable available public information about the business activities, financial condition or results of operations, management, operating risks, or other material matters about such companies. Many of such companies have only recently been organized, have inadequate financial resources or liquidity and rely on the ongoing sale of stock or borrowings to sustain operations, do not have independent directors, and have engaged in material transactions with related parties. These companies may not have financial statements that have been reviewed by independent auditors. Transactions in the securities of these companies may expose Wilson-Davis to liability.

Wilson-Davis is, and may in the future be, subject to significant regulatory enforcement proceedings.

In the ordinary course of business, securities broker-dealers such as Wilson-Davis are highly regulated and are routinely and frequently examined by the SEC, FINRA, and the securities regulatory authorities of states in which they are licensed or conduct business. Such examinations review a broad ranges of business activities for compliance with the many statutes, rules, regulations, and interpretations governing Wilson-Davis’ activities. Examinations by any of the above authorities may lead to enforcement actions that expose Wilson-Davis and its personnel to defense costs and potential fines or other sanctions. For example, Wilson-Davis has appealed to the SEC an adverse ruling by FINRA’s National Adjudicatory Council, or “NAC,” finding that Wilson-Davis had violated FINRA rules respecting short sales, failing to supervise and implement adequate anti money-laundering procedures. NAC had ordered Wilson-Davis to pay a $1,100,000 fine and disgorge $51,624. Wilson-Davis cannot predict the outcome of its appeal or when a decision will be rendered. Wilson-Davis established a $100,000 contingency reserve in the year ended June 30, 2021, for this litigation contingence, but cannot assure that this amount is adequate to cover any penalty determined on appeal. The amount of the fine and disgorgement by which a final judgment exceeds the contingency reserve amount would reduce Wilson-Davis’ excess capital. In addition to the payment of defense costs and potential fines or other sanctions associated with enforcement actions, customers may assert claims against Wilson-Davis or its personnel in legal suits or arbitration proceedings.

Wilson-Davis and certain of its personnel are subject to various regulatory disciplinary orders that could be the basis of future regulatory action.

Wilson-Davis and certain of its personnel are subject to previous disciplinary orders by FINRA and the SEC which, by their terms, do not expire. FINRA and the SEC can impose special supervision and compliance measures and may increase future regulatory scrutiny. In July 2019, FINRA initiated an enforcement proceeding against Wilson-Davis, certain principals of Wilson-Davis, and a registered representative/trader alleging that the firm and the registered representative manipulated the market of a designated security, responsible supervisory personnel failed to establish and maintain appropriate supervisory procedures, the firm and a principal failed to implement and maintain appropriate anti-money laundering procedures, and provided inaccurate documents to FINRA staff (the “2019 FINRA Action”). Wilson-Davis and its principals agreed to settle the matter, without admitting or denying the allegations respecting supervision, anti-money laundering, and documentation in July 2021 by consenting to an order under which the firm was censured and paid a $500,000 monetary penalty, one principal was suspended in all capacities for 90 days, that principal and two others were suspended as principals for two years, and the firm was required to undertake certain compliance and remediation efforts. The firm promptly paid the fine and timely completed the required compliance and remediation efforts. In connection with the resolution of some matters, Wilson-Davis engaged qualified consultants to recommend specific compliance procedures and has implemented such required compliance enhancements. Wilson-Davis believes it has fully complied with all sanctions related to the July 2019 complaint. However, specific employees remained subject to sanctions and restrictions on activities, particularly Wilson-Davis stockholders Lyle Davis, Byron Barkley, and James Snow, who agreed to a suspension from being associated with the firm in a principal capacity for two years, which expired in August 2023. Previously, in December 2016, FINRA filed a complaint against Wilson-Davis asserting potential violations of several securities laws and regulations, regarding supervision, anti-money-laundering, and Regulation SHO speculation prohibitions (the “2016 FINRA Action”). Wilson-Davis denied the allegations and FINRA-imposed sanctions have been stayed pending appeal.

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Wilson-Davis’ procedures, policies, and practices to comply with the comprehensive anti-money laundering regulatory regime may not be sufficient to assure compliance.

Wilson-Davis is subject to comprehensive anti-money laundering (“AML”) laws, regulations, and interpretations that apply to its activities under the Bank Secrecy Act. The AML regulatory regime covers a wide range of activities, including trading activities, securities liquidations and other transactions, funds and securities transfers, the opening of customer accounts, customer interactions, and other activities.

In July 2019, FINRA censured Wilson-Davis and assessed a $500,000 fine for violations, among others, of applicable AML rules. Further, Wilson-Davis engaged an independent consultant to help develop and implement new comprehensive policies and procedures designed to comply with applicable AML requirements. Wilson-Davis has completed this process but cannot assure that its new policies and procedures will in fact be adequate to assure AML compliance in practice. This enforcement proceeding and the related implementation of new AML policies and procedures may have heightened regulatory scrutiny of Wilson-Davis. Regulatory authorities may consider Wilson-Davis’ previous discipline as warranting increased sanctions in any subsequent enforcement proceeding finding AML violations.

Although Wilson-Davis expends significant time and financial resources to monitor and investigate potential AML issues, Wilson-Davis’ resources, technologies, personnel, and fraud detection tools may be insufficient to accurately detect and prevent such activities. Significant increases in fraudulent or illegal activities could negatively impact Wilson-Davis’ reputation and reduce the trading volume through the firm. Any misbehavior of or violation by Wilson-Davis’ customers may also lead to regulatory investigations into the firm. Further, although Wilson-Davis may ultimately conclude that no fraud or money laundering exists, regulatory authorities may disagree that the red flags pointed towards such a conclusion and may impose various penalties without needing to point to any evidence of fraud or money laundering. Any such penalties could significantly harm the financial condition and results of operations of Wilson-Davis.

Wilson-Davis cannot predict the duration or severity of current economic conditions that have adversely affected its results of operations.

Wilson-Davis’ recent revenue and profitability have been adversely affected by the general downturn in the securities markets since early 2022, resulting from rising inflation, increasing interest rates, the lingering economic effects of the COVID pandemic, supply chain disruptions, the military conflict in Ukraine and Israel, Hamas’ attack on Israel and the ensuing war and other factors. These effects are reflected in Wilson-Davis’ financial results for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Wilson-Davis cannot predict the duration or severity of the downturn of the current securities markets or the economic and other factors that are contributing to these market conditions.

General, long-term financial and economic conditions and unforeseen events may adversely affect Wilson-Davis’ financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to the current securities markets and economic challenges, previous long-term market downturns, economic depressions and unforeseen events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have had an adverse impact on Wilson-Davis’ business. Although Wilson-Davis has established a disaster recovery plan, there is no guarantee that it could operate without disruption in the event a disaster were to occur. The occurrence of various unforeseeable events such as natural disasters, pandemics, terrorism and acts of war, could result in fewer customer orders and, as a result, decreased commissions and revenue, resulting in a significant impact on Wilson-Davis’ ability to conduct business and adversely affecting its results of operations and financial condition.

Wilson-Davis may be unable to attract and retain registered representatives and other professional employees.

There is intense competition for experienced registered representatives with a knowledge of over-the-counter markets and a large customer network. Further, many customers may be more loyal to individual representatives than to the firm itself. If Wilson-Davis is unable to attract and retain the services of registered representatives, the firm may be unable to maintain or expand its customer base or may be unable to effectively manage the volume of orders it executes and clears. Likewise, Wilson-Davis relies upon financial and compliance professionals who are not registered representatives but who perform important services to the firm. If Wilson-Davis is unable to attract and retain such professionals, it may be unable to stay compliant in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. Further, the number of young professionals entering the broker-dealer industry has declined over time and Wilson-Davis’ inability to hire young professionals, particularly in light of the average age of Wilson-Davis’ existing professionals, may adversely impact its ability to retain or expand its customer base.

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FINRA has adopted rules that impose significant compliance requirements on making investment recommendations to retail customers.

Wilson-Davis policy is to not recommend investments to its customers. However, Wilson-Davis cannot assure you that its policy of not making recommendations to customers will be observed in all cases or that any investment recommendation rules compliance measures that Wilson-Davis adopts and implements will be effective. Breaches of Wilson-Davis’ policy could expose Wilson-Davis to regulatory enforcement and to liability from its customers.

Wilson-Davis faces significant competition from other brokers and clearing firms.

The broker-dealer and clearing firm industries are dominated by a small number of very large broker-dealers and clearing firms and a number of smaller self-clearing firms and clearing firms that clear for small introducing brokers clearing microcap securities transactions. Wilson-Davis continues to compete with larger firms that have greater financial resources, vast customer networks, diverse business lines, household name recognition, large-scale marketing campaigns, and established relationships with regulatory and legislative institutions. Further, the firm’s competitors are comparatively less impacted by adverse regulatory actions and rulemaking than Wilson-Davis as a smaller firm, including impacts of net capital and margin calls imposed by NSCC. If Wilson-Davis does provide new products and services, doing so may require substantial expenditures and take considerable time. If Wilson-Davis fails to innovate and deliver products and services quickly enough as compared to its competitors, it might fail to attract and retain customers.

Wilson-Davis is exposed to credit risk and other risks from customers, market makers, and other counterparties.

Wilson-Davis is exposed to the risk that third parties that owe the firm money, securities, or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties include other clearing firms, broker-dealers, customers, clearing houses, exchanges, and other financial intermediaries. Such parties may default on their obligations owed to Wilson-Davis due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure, or other reasons. For example, Wilson-Davis permits certain clients to purchase securities on a margin basis. These transactions may be collateralized by the customer’s cash and securities. If customers are unable to cover their short position or repay the credit extended by Wilson-Davis, the firm may incur a loss if it liquidates the customer’s collateral at market rates. Those risks may be particularly great during periods of rapidly declining markets in which the value of the collateral held by Wilson-Davis may fall below the amount of a customer’s indebtedness.

NSCC requires daily cash deposits on unsettled trades, those between trade date and settlement date. In some cases, the deposit may be an amount that is significantly in excess of the value of the trade itself. NSCC also may require intraday deposits that must be met in only a few hours or less. If the cash to make these deposits is not available, NSCC may impose penalties that could be severe, such as revoking membership or restricting correspondent clearing, either of which would have a significant negative impact on the business. Although Wilson-Davis imposes limits on the size of some trades as a risk management procedure, it is not always possible to determine in advance the size of the deposit requirements.

Additionally, if Wilson-Davis fails to adequately monitor its customers’ accounts and certain business reorganizations are not timely or properly updated on its system, such failure could lead to severe losses. For example, if when undertaking a reverse stock split, a customer sells the previous amount of shares at the new share price, it would result in a severe loss, which has resulted in some broker-dealers going out of business. Although Wilson-Davis’ procedure is to put a freeze on trading for companies that are in the process of a reorganization in advance of the effective date of such reorganization, if Wilson-Davis is not aware of the pending reorganization or fails to adequately update its system, any improper sales could significantly harm the results of operations of Wilson-Davis.

Wilson-Davis faces significant risks in conducting its market making business.

Wilson-Davis faces various risks relating to making markets in microcap securities. The regulations relating to market making are complex and subject to a significant breadth of regulatory interpretation, resulting in inconsistent and unpredictable enforcement of applicable law. If the firm acts in a manner that a regulator perceives to be inconsistent with applicable law, the firm may be subject to costly penalties and sanctions. Regulatory scrutiny of Wilson-Davis’ market making activities may have increased because of Wilson-Davis’ previous sanctions for short sale compliance deficiencies.

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Systems and security failures could significantly disrupt Wilson-Davis’ business and subject the firm to losses, litigation, and regulatory actions.

Wilson-Davis’ business depends on its ability to execute large volumes of transactions for its own customers and to clear large volumes of transactions for introducing broker-dealers. The firm relies heavily on its communications systems and on stable and functioning Internet, mobile devices, and computer systems, all of which are subject to internal and external security vulnerabilities. Those vulnerabilities include disruptions from natural disasters, power and service outages, interruptions or losses, software bugs, cybersecurity attacks, computer viruses, malware, phishing, unauthorized entry, and other similar events. Further, Wilson-Davis is reliant on numerous service providers that may themselves have insufficient security measures that Wilson-Davis cannot effectively monitor. Although Wilson-Davis generally has agreements, policies, and procedures relating to cybersecurity and data privacy in place with third-party service providers, security breaches may still occur. Vulnerabilities with Wilson-Davis and third-party systems may result in, for example, the inability of Wilson-Davis to conduct its business, the theft or ransom of Wilson-Davis property, or the unauthorized disclosure of confidential customer information or the proprietary or confidential data of Wilson-Davis and its supervised persons. Unauthorized disclosures may in turn result in reputational damage, regulatory action, and civil suits, and may further require Wilson-Davis to expend significant additional resources to modify its protective measures, to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities, and to defend against legal and regulatory claims. Such events may also result in uninsured liability and the firm being subject to increased regulatory scrutiny and legal liabilities. Wilson-Davis may be unable to receive reimbursement from third-party service providers in the event of a security incident but may still be subject to adverse regulatory action if the firm is held responsible for security failures attributed to its vendors.

Wilson-Davis also faces risks relating to mistakes made in recoding, accounting for, confirming, and settling transactions. Wilson-Davis also faces risks relating to software and internet malfunctions. Any such malfunction or depletion of functionality could result in Wilson-Davis’ inability to execute trade orders, adverse operational and regulatory action, and reputational damage. Wilson-Davis’ board oversees cybersecurity risk management and controls, including appropriate risk mitigation strategies, systems, processes, and controls. This oversight involves reviewing an annual cybersecurity report from the firm’s chief information security officer, with whom the board maintains an ongoing dialog on current strategies, systems, processes, controls and possible needs for additional processes and controls to keep current with the latest threats.

Wilson-Davis relies on numerous external service providers whose failure to provide those services properly may result in significant adverse events.

Wilson-Davis relies on numerous third-party service providers, including communication systems providers, regulatory services providers, clearing systems, exchange systems, banking systems, and market information providers. If the provision of services by these third parties is interrupted or terminated, Wilson-Davis may be unable to conduct its business effectively, including by being unable to accept receipt of securities or funds or to provide information regarding stock trades. For example, the firm relies heavily on websites and software provided by or relating to OTC Markets. Any disruption to those websites or services could result in a significant reduction of orders received from the firm’s customers and even a cessation of the firm’s business activities.

Wilson-Davis relies on representations of third parties to ensure compliance with applicable laws and rules.

Wilson-Davis is required to comply with various securities laws and apply a compliance program designed to detect and prevent various kinds of illegality and misconduct, including fraud, money laundering, and the unregistered sale of securities. In applying its compliance program, the firm relies on various customer and other third-party representations. Inaccurate or incomplete representations or information could result in adverse consequences for the firm. For example, before liquidating restricted securities, Wilson-Davis is required to conduct a reasonable investigation of facts supporting an exemption from registration of the securities. Such reasonable investigation may not reveal whether the proposed liquidation is in fact exempt from registration or may involve other illegal activity by others, including Wilson-Davis’ customer. Any enforcement investigation or action relating to issuers or their affiliates may subsequently encompass Wilson-Davis, which could require the firm to incur costs of defense and expose it to fines and other sanctions. Similarly, in making a market in securities, Wilson-Davis frequently relies on exemption from certain requirements that depend in part on conclusions of third parties. If those third-party conclusions are incorrect, Wilson-Davis could be subject to regulatory sanctions.

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Damage to Wilson-Davis’ reputation could adversely impact its business.

Wilson-Davis’ reputation is critical to its ability to attract and retain customers that use Wilson-Davis’ brokerage services and current and prospective introducing brokers that use or may use Wilson-Davis’ clearing services. The perceived inability of Wilson-Davis or its supervised persons to operate the firm’s business efficiently, securely, and in compliance with applicable law may adversely harm its business.

Risks Related to Regulatory, Compliance and Legal

We are or may be subject to numerous risks relating to the need to comply with data and information privacy laws.

We are or may become subject to data privacy and securities laws and regulations that apply to the collection, transmission, storage, use, processing, destruction, retention and security of personal information. Our current privacy policies and practices are designed to comply with privacy and data protection laws in the United States. These policies and practices inform members how we handle their personal information and, as permitted by law, allow members to change or delete the personal information in their member accounts. The legislative and regulatory landscape for privacy and data protection continues to evolve in the United States, both federally and at the state level, as well as in other jurisdictions worldwide, and these laws and regulations may at times be conflicting. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction or is inconsistent with our practices, and our efforts to comply with the evolving data protection rules may be unsuccessful. We must devote significant resources to understanding and complying with this changing landscape. Failure to comply with federal, state, provincial and international laws regarding privacy and security of personal information could expose us to penalties under such laws, orders requiring that we change our practices, claims for damages or other liabilities, regulatory investigations and enforcement action (including fines and penalties), litigation, significant costs for remediation, and damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Although we endeavor to comply with our published privacy policies and related documentation, and all applicable privacy and security laws and regulations, we may at times fail to do so or may be perceived to have failed to do so. Even if we have not violated these laws and regulations, government investigations into these issues typically require the expenditure of significant resources and generate negative publicity, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Additionally, if we are unable to properly protect the privacy and security of personal information, including sensitive personal information (e.g., financial information), we could be found to have breached our contracts with certain third parties.

There are numerous U.S. and Canadian federal, state, and provincial laws and regulations related to the privacy and security of personal information. Determining whether protected information has been handled in compliance with applicable privacy standards and our contractual obligations can be complex and may be subject to changing interpretation. For example, in 2018, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which, among other things, requires new disclosures to California consumers and affords such consumers new abilities to opt out of certain sales of information and may restrict the use of cookies and similar technologies for advertising purposes. The CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020, was amended on multiple occasions and is the subject of regulations issued by the California Attorney General regarding certain aspects of the law and its application. Moreover, California voters approved the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) in November 2020. The CPRA significantly modifies the CCPA, creating additional obligations relating to consumer data, with enforcement beginning July 1, 2023. Aspects of the CCPA and CPRA remain unclear, resulting in further uncertainty and potentially requiring us to modify our data practices and policies and to incur substantial additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. Similar laws have been proposed, and likely will be proposed, in other states and at the federal level, and if passed, such laws may have potentially conflicting requirements that would make compliance challenging. Similar state laws have been passed in Virginia, Colorado, Utah, Connecticut, and New Jersey and other states are expected to follow. If we fail to comply with applicable privacy laws, we could face civil and criminal fines or penalties.

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Failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure, or misrepresentations regarding our current privacy practices, can also constitute unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce and be construed as a violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (the “FTCA”), 15 U.S.C. § 45(a). The Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of our business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. The FTC may also bring an action against a company who collects or otherwise processes personal information for any statements it deems misleading or false contained in privacy disclosures to consumers. While we use best efforts to comply with our published privacy policies and related documents, we may at times fail to do so, or may be perceived to have failed to do so. In addition, we may be unsuccessful in achieving compliance if our personnel, partners, or service providers fail to comply with our published privacy policies and related documentation. Such failures can subject us to potential foreign, local, state and federal action if they are found to be deceptive, unfair, or misrepresentative of our actual practices. In addition, state attorneys general are authorized to bring civil actions seeking either injunctions or damages in response to violations that threaten the privacy of state residents. We cannot be sure how these regulations will be interpreted, enforced or applied to our operations. In addition to the risks associated with enforcement activities and potential contractual liabilities, our ongoing efforts to comply with evolving laws and regulations at the federal and state level may be costly and require ongoing modifications to our policies, procedures and systems.

Overall, because of the complexity of these laws, the changing obligations and the risk associated with our collection and use of data, we cannot guarantee that we are, or will be, in compliance with all applicable U.S., Canadian, or other international regulations as they are enforced now or as they evolve.

We rely on sophisticated information technology (“IT”) systems and infrastructure to support our business. At the same time, cybersecurity incidents, including deliberate attacks, malware, viruses, ransomware attacks, denial of service attacks, phishing schemes, and other attempts to harm IT systems are prevalent and have increased. Our technologies, systems and networks and those of our vendors, suppliers and other business partners may become the target of cyberattacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of proprietary and other information, or other disruption of business operations. In addition, certain cyber incidents, such as surveillance or vulnerabilities in widely used open source software, may remain undetected for an extended period. Our systems for protecting against cybersecurity risks may not be sufficient. As the sophistication of cyber incidents continues to evolve, we have been and will likely continue to be required to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to cyber incidents. Additionally, any of these systems may be susceptible to outages due to fire, floods, power loss, telecommunications failures, usage errors by employees, computer viruses, cyber-attacks or other security breaches or similar events. The failure of any of our IT systems may cause disruptions in our operations, which could adversely affect our revenues and profitability, and lead to claims related to the disruption of our services from members of the AtlasClear Platform and advertisers.

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Hackers and data thieves are increasingly sophisticated and operate large-scale and complex automated attacks, which may remain undetected until after they occur. Despite our efforts to protect our information technology networks and systems, payment processing, and information, we may not be able to anticipate or to implement effective preventive and remedial measures against all data security and privacy threats. Our security measures may not be adequate to prevent or detect service interruption, system failure, data loss or theft, or other material adverse consequences. No security solution, strategy, or measures can address all possible security threats. Our applications, systems, networks, software, and physical facilities could have material vulnerabilities, be breached, or personal or confidential information could be otherwise compromised due to employee error or malfeasance, if, for example, third parties attempt to fraudulently induce our personnel or our business members to disclose information or usernames and/or passwords, or otherwise compromise the security of our networks, systems and/or physical facilities. We cannot be certain that we will be able to address any such vulnerabilities, in whole or part, and there may be delays in developing and deploying patches and other remedial measures to adequately address vulnerabilities, and taking such remedial steps could adversely impact or disrupt our operations. We expect similar issues to arise in the future as products and services sold through the AtlasClear Platform are more widely adopted, and as we continue to introduce future products and services. An actual or perceived breach of our security systems or those of our third party service providers may require notification under applicable data privacy regulations or for customer relations or publicity purposes, which could result in reputational harm, costly litigation (including class action litigation), material contract breaches, liability, settlement costs, loss of sales, regulatory scrutiny, actions or investigations, a loss of confidence in our business, systems and payment processing, a diversion of management’s time and attention, and significant fines, penalties, assessments, fees, and expenses. Moreover, pursuant to SEC rules, public companies must disclose material cybersecurity incidents on Form 8-K within four business days (subject to a delayed compliance date for smaller reporting companies, of which we are one). In addition, companies must provide cybersecurity risk management disclosures in their annual reports.

The costs to respond to a security breach or to mitigate any security vulnerabilities that may be identified could be significant, and our efforts to address these problems may not be successful. These costs include, but are not limited to: retaining the services of cybersecurity providers; complying with requirements of existing and future cybersecurity, data protection and privacy laws and regulations, including the costs of notifying regulatory agencies and impacted individuals; and maintaining redundant networks, data backups, and other damage-mitigation measures. We could be required to fundamentally change our business activities and practices in response to a security breach or related regulatory actions or litigation, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Additionally, most jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities, and others of security breaches involving certain types of data. Such mandatory disclosures are costly, could lead to negative publicity, may cause our customers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, and require us to expend significant capital and other resources to respond to or alleviate problems caused by the actual or perceived security breach.

We may not have adequate insurance coverage for handling cyber security incidents or breaches, including fines, judgments, settlements, penalties, costs, attorney fees, and other impacts that arise out of incidents or breaches. If the impacts of a security incident or breach, or the successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage, or results in changes to our insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements), it could harm our business. In addition, we cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or that our insurers will not deny coverage as to all or part of any future claim or loss. Moreover, our privacy risks are likely to increase as we continue to expand, grow our consumer and business member base, and process, store, and transmit increasingly large amounts of personal or sensitive data.

Issues in the use of artificial intelligence, including machine learning and computer vision (together, “AI”), in our analytics platforms may result in reputational harm or liability.

AI is enabled by or integrated into some of our analytics platforms and is a growing element of our business offerings going forward. As with many developing technologies, AI presents risks and challenges that could affect its further development, adoption, and use, and therefore our business. AI algorithms may be flawed. Data sets may be insufficient, of poor quality, or contain biased information. Inappropriate or controversial data practices by data scientists, engineers, and end-users of our systems could impair the acceptance of AI solutions. If the analyses that AI applications assist in producing are deficient or inaccurate, we could be subjected to competitive harm, potential legal liability, and brand or reputational harm. Some uses of AI present ethical issues, and our judgment as to the ethical concerns may not be accurate. If we use AI as part of the AtlasClear Platform in a manner that is controversial because of the purported or real impact on our business members or vendors, this may lead to adverse results for our financial condition and operations or the financial condition and operations of our business members, which may further lead to us experiencing competitive harm, legal liability and brand or reputational harm.

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We could face employee claims.

We could face employee claims against us based on, among other things, wage and hour violations, discrimination, harassment, or wrongful termination that may also create not only legal and financial liability, but also negative publicity that could adversely affect us and divert our financial and management resources that would otherwise be used to benefit the future performance of our operations.

Litigation or legal proceedings could expose us to significant liabilities and have a negative impact on our reputation or business.

From time to time, we may be party to various claims and litigation proceedings.

Even when not merited, the lawsuits and other legal proceedings may divert management’s attention, and we may incur significant expenses in pursuing or defending these lawsuits or other legal proceedings. The results of litigation and other legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and adverse judgments or settlements in some of these legal disputes may result in adverse monetary damages, penalties or injunctive relief against us, which could negatively impact our financial position, cash flows or results of operations. Any claims or litigation, even if fully indemnified or insured, could damage our reputation and make it more difficult to compete effectively or to obtain adequate insurance in the future.

Furthermore, while we maintain insurance for certain potential liabilities, our insurance does not cover all types and amounts of potential liabilities and is subject to various exclusions as well as caps on amounts recoverable. Even if we believe a claim is covered by insurance, insurers may dispute our entitlement to recovery for a variety of potential reasons, which may affect the timing and, if the insurers prevail, the amount of our recovery.

Wilson-Davis is subject to extensive regulation from the SEC and FINRA, and the failure to comply with this regulation can result in significant penalties, fines, liability, and reputational harm.

As a broker-dealer and clearing firm, Wilson-Davis is subject to extensive regulation by the SEC as well as self-regulatory organizations, particularly FINRA. Statutes, rules, and related interpretations can change rapidly, and the cost of remaining compliant with applicable regulations is costly. The SEC and FINRA have comprehensive examination and monitoring practices, which have resulted in previous regulatory actions against Wilson-Davis and certain of its personnel. Wilson-Davis is subject to periodic examinations from the SEC and FINRA. Any finding of violation of any applicable regulation may result in formal administrative or judicial proceedings that subject Wilson-Davis to costly settlement agreements, censure, fines, civil penalties, cease-and-desist orders, termination or suspension of broker-dealer activities, and suspension or disqualification of supervised persons.

Wilson-Davis and its supervised persons have been previously subject to various sanctions. The imposition of compliance sanctions may have a material adverse effect on Wilson-Davis’ operating results and financial condition, including the expulsion of the firm from the industry. Wilson-Davis expends significant time and financial resources to address compliance concerns of regulators, communicate with regulators, contest preliminary examination conclusions with which Wilson-Davis disagrees, and defend against regulatory action.

The misconduct of Wilson-Davis’ employees could expose the firm to significant legal liability and reputational harm.

Wilson-Davis employees may violate Wilson-Davis’ written supervisory procedures or engage in other unlawful activities, which could expose Wilson-Davis to regulatory action, sanctions or damage to its reputation. Improper activity by employees may expose Wilson-Davis to regulatory action for failing to supervise its employees. Wilson-Davis’ compliance measures to detect and prevent employee misconduct may not be effective or deemed adequate by regulatory authorities.

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Although AtlasClear expects that the AtlasClear Platform, source code and other technology assets it acquired, or will acquire, from Pacsquare would be properly implemented and integrated into the Company’s systems, we cannot assure you that a successful implementation or integration would occur, or that the AtlasClear Platform, source code, software and other technology assets would perform adequately due to among other things, errors, viruses and defects. Prior to its implementation, AtlasClear expects that all software will be fully tested and representatives from FINRA would be provided demonstrations before they are put into production. Nevertheless, the inability to easily integrate with the Company’s system, or any defects in or nonperformance of Pacsquare’s software could result in increased costs, customer loss and customer dissatisfaction, and could negatively impact the Company’s ability to accomplish its business goals, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations, and could damage the Company’s reputation.

AtlasClear Holdings relies on the third-party services of Pacsquare which may expose it to additional risks and could have an adverse impact on its business.

AtlasClear Holdings relies on the third-party services of Pacsquare to customize and integrate the AtlasClear Platform, source code and technology assets and to maintain the software it provides along with industry updates as needed. If Pacsquare fails to perform these services properly, this could have an adverse impact on the Company’s business. Any errors or defects in the software incorporated into the Company’s service offerings, may result in a delay or loss of revenue, diversion of resources, damage to the Company’s reputation, the loss of the affected customer, loss of future business, increased service costs or potential litigation claims against the Company.

Risks Relating to the Proposed Acquisition of Commercial Bancorp

The proposed CB Merger may not be completed on the terms or timeline currently contemplated, or at all, as the parties may be unable to satisfy the conditions or obtain the approvals required to complete the CB Merger.

Completion of the CB Merger is subject to certain customary conditions, including, among other things, (i) approval by the stockholders of Commercial Bancorp, Commercial Bancorp’s wholly-owned subsidiary Farmers State Bank (“FSB”), AtlasClear and the Company, (ii) receipt of certain regulatory approvals, and (iii) the prior completion of the Business Combination. We cannot assure you that these conditions will be fulfilled or that the CB Merger will be completed on the terms or timeline currently contemplated, or at all. The Federal Reserve and the Wyoming Division of Banking may not approve the CB Merger, may impose conditions to the approval of the CB Merger or require changes to the terms of the CB Merger. Any such conditions or changes could have the effect of delaying completion of the CB Merger, imposing costs on AtlasClear and the Company or limiting the Company’s revenues following the CB Merger or otherwise reducing the anticipated benefits of the CB Merger. In addition, AtlasClear and Commercial Bancorp can mutually agree at any time prior to the effective time of the CB Merger to terminate the Bank Acquisition Agreement, even after the approval by Commercial Bancorp’s shareholders of the CB Merger. AtlasClear and Commercial Bancorp may also terminate the Bank Acquisition Agreement in the event of breach of the agreement as specified in the Bank Acquisition Agreement.

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Through the acquisition of Wilson-Davis and the proposed acquisition of Commercial Bancorp, a federal reserve member, the Company expects to acquire the capabilities to provide specialized clearing and banking services to financial services firms, with an emphasis on global markets currently underserviced by larger vendors. If the Company is able to complete the CB Merger, once properly integrated, anticipated synergies between Commercial Bancorp and Wilson-Davis are expected to allow for lower cost of capital, higher net interest margins, expanded product development and greater credit extension. Management considered the importance of the CB Merger to the overall success of the combined company and determined that such acquisition is not critical. While AtlasClear needs an institution that can carry funds greater than FDIC insurance limits, this can be any FDIC institution that can hold funds of the qualified accounts (profit sharing and IRA). Furthermore, AtlasClear does not believe that the income that Commercial Bancorp is expected to contribute to the combined company will be material. Although AtlasClear believes that Commercial Bancorp can be replaced with a substantially similar alternative acquisition, if needed, this would require the Company to expend additional time and resources to identify and consummate such similar alternative acquisition. In addition, it is possible that AtlasClear will not be able to successfully acquire an alternative FDIC institution for any number of reasons, including the factors that create substantial uncertainty regarding the ability to complete the CB Merger. For example, assuming AtlasClear is able to identify a suitable alternative acquisition candidate that is willing to sell to AtlasClear on terms that the parties agree upon, such transaction may not receive required regulatory approval or other closing conditions may not be satisfied. For example, the Federal Reserve and/or any applicable state banking regulatory authority may not approve any such proposed alternative acquisition, may impose conditions to the approval of such alternative acquisition or require changes to the terms of the proposed transaction. Any such conditions or changes could have the effect of delaying completion of the transaction, imposing costs on AtlasClear and the Company or limiting the Company’s revenues following the transaction or otherwise reducing the anticipated benefits of the transaction. If the CB Merger or an alternative acquisition is not consummated, without a Federal Reserve member bank as part of its future business, the Company may not be able to realize these anticipated business goals in the anticipated timeframe, or at all. In particular, the Company may not be able to attract as many, or the pedigree of, customers it anticipates without an FDIC institution. Without an FDIC institution, the Company may face greater risk of trade fails and inferior real-time cash management, and may not be able to maximize net interest margins or sweep deposits to an institution owned by the Company. In addition, if the CB Merger is not completed, the price of our Common Stock may decline to the extent that its then current market price reflects a market assumption that the CB Merger will be completed or it may decline due to a market perception that the CB Merger was not completed due to an adverse change in the Company’s business. Furthermore, the Company may experience negative reactions from its stockholders, customers and/or other persons with whom it has a business relationship. In addition, some costs related to the CB Merger, such as legal, accounting and financial advisory fees, must be paid by AtlasClear, and, following the Business Combination, the Company, even if the CB Merger is not completed. Furthermore, AtlasClear has expended, and the Company’s management will have expended, valuable time and resources to matters relating to the CB Merger that could otherwise have been devoted to other beneficial activities for the Company. As a result of all the foregoing, failure to complete the CB Merger may negatively impact the Company and its business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Operations as a New Public Company

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert our management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified independent board members.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting and corporate governance requirements of the Exchange Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE and other applicable securities rules and regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Compliance with these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources, particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. Among other things, the Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and results of operations and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Although we have already hired additional personnel to help comply with these requirements, we may need to further expand our legal and finance departments in the future, which will increase our costs and expenses.

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In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expense and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business and prospects may be harmed. As a result of disclosure of information in the filings required of a public company and in this report, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may have increasing difficulty attracting and retaining qualified outside independent board members.

The directors and management of publicly traded corporations are increasingly concerned with the extent of their personal exposure to lawsuits and shareholder claims, as well as governmental and creditor claims that may be made against them in connection with their positions with publicly held companies. Outside directors are becoming increasingly concerned with the availability of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance to pay on a timely basis the costs incurred in defending shareholder claims. Directors’ and officers’ liability insurance is expensive and difficult to obtain. The SEC and NYSE have also imposed higher independence standards and certain special requirements on directors of public companies. Accordingly, it may become increasingly difficult to attract and retain qualified outside directors to serve on our Board.

Stock trading volatility could impact our ability to recruit and retain employees.

Volatility or lack of appreciation in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract and retain our key employees. Employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares they own or the shares underlying their vested equity have not significantly appreciated in value relative to the original purchase price of the shares or the exercise price of the options, or conversely, if the exercise price of the options that they hold are significantly above the market price of our Common Stock. If we are unable to retain our employees, or if we need to increase our compensation expenses to retain our employees, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Some members of our management team have no prior experience managing a public company.

Some members of our senior management team do not have any experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage our transition to being a public company, which will subject us to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts, investors and regulators. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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We are an Emerging Growth Company, making comparisons to non-Emerging Growth companies difficult or impossible.

We are an Emerging Growth Company (“EGC”) as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and we have taken and expect to continue to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not EGCs including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, registrations statements and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts EGCs from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. This exemption may make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies that are neither EGCs nor EGCs that have opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

We may be exposed to risk if we cannot enhance, maintain, and adhere to our internal controls and procedures.

As a public company trading on the NYSE, we have significant requirements for enhanced financial reporting and internal controls. The process of designing and implementing effective internal controls is a continuous effort that will require us to anticipate and react to changes in our business accounting, auditing and regulatory requirements and to expend significant resources to maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company, and we are still early in the process of generating a mature system of internal controls and integration across business systems. If we are unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal financial reporting controls and procedures, it could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis, result in material misstatements in our financial statements, harm our operating results, and subject us to litigation and claims arising from material weaknesses in our internal controls and any resulting consequences, including restatements of our financial statements. See “Litigation or legal proceedings could expose us to significant liabilities and have a negative impact on our reputation or business.”

Matters impacting our internal controls may cause us to be unable to report our financial information in an accurate manner or on a timely basis and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions by the SEC or violations of NYSE rules. There also could be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements. Confidence in the reliability of our financial statements also could suffer if we or our independent registered public accounting firm continue to report a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting. This could materially adversely affect us and lead to a decline in the market price of our Common Stock.

Quantum has identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting. If Quantum is unable to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, Quantum may not be able to accurately report its financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in Quantum and materially and adversely affect Quantum’s business and operating results.

In connection with the restatement described in Quantum’s Form 10-K/A for the year ended on December 31, 2021, Quantum’s management reassessed the effectiveness of Quantum’s disclosure controls and procedures for the periods affected by the restatement. As a result of that reassessment, Quantum’s management determined that its disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2021, March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022, September 30, 2022, December 31, 2022, March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 due to the material weaknesses with respect to compiling information to prepare Quantum’s financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The material weaknesses are due to the previously omitted subsequent event disclosure of an advance from Quantum Ventures LLC (“Quantum Ventures” or the “Sponsor”), the analysis and full disclosure of the Merger Agreement, the impact of the Merger Agreement on Quantum’s going concern assessment and the impact of the Business Combination Agreement as it relates to the classification of Quantum’s complex accounting instruments, as well as the related determination of the fair value of the PIPE derivative liability, accumulated deficit, net loss and related financial disclosures.

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Previously, in connection with Quantum’s IPO, Quantum accounted for a portion of the proceeds received from the offering as stockholders’ equity. Following the SEC’s guidance on this issue, management identified errors in its historical financial statements and performed a quantitative assessment under SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 99, “Materiality.” Based on this assessment, after consultation with Quantum’s independent registered public accounting firm, Quantum’s management and audit committee concluded that a restatement of Quantum’s financial statements for periods prior to September 30, 2021 was required to reclassify such amounts as common stock subject to possible redemption and that a material weakness in Quantum’s internal controls over financial reporting exists as a result of the identified errors that led to such restatement.

In addition, in connection with the restatement of Quantum’s financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2021, management and Quantum’s audit committee concluded that a material weakness also exists as it relates to the accounting for the Public Warrants.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected, on a timely basis. Effective internal controls are necessary for Quantum to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. Quantum continues to evaluate steps to remediate the material weakness. These remediation measures may be time consuming and costly and there is no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.

If Quantum identifies any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weakness could limit Quantum’s ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of Quantum’s accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of Quantum’s annual or interim financial statements. In such case, Quantum may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in Quantum’s financial reporting and Quantum’s stock price may decline as a result. Quantum cannot assure you that the measures Quantum has taken to date, or any measures Quantum may take in the future, will be sufficient to avoid potential future material weaknesses.

As a public company, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur increased expenses associated with the costs of being a public company.

We have and expect to continue to face a significant increase in insurance, legal, auditing, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company that we did not currently incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the requirements of Section 404 of that Act, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Act and the rules and regulations promulgated and to be promulgated thereunder, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), the SEC and the NYSE, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. Compliance with public company requirements have and will continue to increase our costs and make certain activities more time-consuming. A number of those requirements require us to carry out activities that we have not done previously. For example, we recently created new board committees and adopted new internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, additional expenses associated with SEC reporting requirements have and will continue to be incurred. Furthermore, if any issues in complying with those requirements are identified (for example, if our independent registered accounting firm identifies a material weakness or significant deficiency in the internal control over financial reporting), we could incur additional costs to remediate those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect our reputation or investor perceptions of it. Being a public company has and may in the future make it more difficult or costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance. We may ultimately be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage with increased self-retention risk or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage in the future. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our Common Stock, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation.

The additional reporting and other obligations imposed by various rules and regulations applicable to public companies has and is expected to continue to increase legal and financial compliance costs and the costs of related legal, auditing, accounting and administrative activities. These increased costs will require us to divert a significant amount of money that could otherwise be used to expand the business and achieve strategic objectives. Advocacy efforts by shareholders and third parties may also prompt additional changes in governance and reporting requirements, which could further increase costs.

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Our level of indebtedness increases the possibility that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay the principal of, interest on, or other amounts due with respect to our indebtedness. Our leverage and debt service obligations could adversely impact our business, including by:

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impairing our ability to generate cash sufficient to pay interest or principal, including periodic principal payments;

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increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

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requiring the dedication of a portion of our cash flow from operations to service our debt, thereby reducing the amount of our cash flow available for other purposes, including capital expenditures, dividends to stockholders or to pursue future business opportunities;

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requiring us to sell debt or equity securities or to sell some of our core assets, possibly on unfavorable terms, to meet payment obligations;

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limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we compete; and

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placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage with less leveraged competitors and competitors that may have better access to capital resources.

Any of the foregoing factors could have negative consequences on our financial condition and results of operations.

Limited insurance coverage and availability may prevent us from obtaining insurance to cover all risks of loss.

We have insured certain products and launches to the extent that insurance was available at acceptable premiums. This insurance will not protect us against all losses due to specified exclusions, deductibles and material change limitations.

We have obtained and maintain insurance for director and officers, cybersecurity, business owner, commercial general liability and workers’ compensation, based on a variety of factors, including the availability of insurance in the market, the cost of available insurance and the redundancy of our operating entities. Higher premiums on insurance policies will increase our costs and consequently reduce our operating income by the amount of such increased premiums. If the terms of these insurance policies become less favorable than those currently available, there may be limits on the amount of coverage that we can obtain or we may not be able to obtain insurance at all. Even as obtained, our insurance will not cover any loss in revenue incurred as a result of a partial or total loss.

Moreover, our insurance coverage may be inadequate to cover our liabilities related to such hazards or operational risks. In addition, passenger insurance may not be accepted or may be prohibitive to procure. Moreover, we may not be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable and commercially justifiable, and insurance may not continue to be available on terms as favorable as our current arrangements. The occurrence of a significant uninsured claim, or a claim in excess of the insurance coverage limits maintained by us, could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the “Charter”) contains anti-takeover provisions that could adversely affect the rights of our stockholders.

Our Charter contains provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of the Company or cause it to engage in change-of-control transactions, including, among other things:

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provisions that authorize its board of directors, without action by its stockholders, to issue additional shares of Common Stock and preferred stock with preferential rights determined by its board of directors; and

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provisions that permit only a majority of its board of directors, the chairperson of the board of directors or the chief executive officer to call stockholder meetings and therefore do not permit stockholders to call special meetings of the stockholders.

These provisions could have the effect of depriving our stockholders of an opportunity to sell their Common Stock at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction.

Our Charter provides, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.

Our Charter requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, stockholder, employee or agent of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders; (c) any action asserting a claim against the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), our Charter or the bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; (d) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Charter or the bylaws. Subject to the preceding sentence, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. However, such forum selection provisions will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction.

The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in the Charter to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Additionally, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As noted above, the Charter will provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will have jurisdiction over any action arising under the Securities Act. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision. Our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our Charter.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Future sales of our Common Stock could cause the market price for our Common Stock to decline.

We cannot predict the effect, if any, that market sales of shares of our Common Stock or the availability of shares of our Common Stock for sale will have on the market price of our Common Stock prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that those sales will occur, could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline or be depressed.

We may issue additional securities if we need to raise capital in connection with a capital expenditure, working capital requirement or acquisition. The number of shares of our Common Stock issued in connection with a capital expenditure, working capital requirement or acquisition could constitute a material portion of our then-outstanding shares of Common Stock. Any perceived excess in the supply of our shares in the market could negatively impact our share price and any issuance of additional securities in connection with investments or acquisitions may result in additional dilution to you.

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An active market for our securities may not develop, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities.

The price of our securities may vary significantly due to factors specific to us as well as to general market or economic conditions. Furthermore, an active trading market for our securities may never develop or, if developed, it may not be sustained. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established and sustained.

In connection with the Closing, AtlasClear Holdings entered into the Funicular Purchase Agreement, the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement, the Chardan Note, amendments to the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement and other notes to settle accrued expenses and obligations. As of the date of this filing, Pacsquare has received an aggregate of 336,000 shares of Common Stock, and we expect to issue additional shares in the future, pursuant to the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement. The notes, including the Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of our Common Stock, at various conversion prices (which may be reduced under certain circumstances). The issuance of any of these shares will dilute our other equity holders, which could cause the price of our Common Stock to decline. Interest on the Chardan Note in the aggregate principal amount of $4,150,000 may, at the election of AtlasClear Holdings, be either paid in cash or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, in shares of Common Stock, at a rate equal to 85% of the VWAP for the trading day immediately prior to the applicable interest payment date. The Chardan Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at a conversion price equal to 90% of the VWAP of the Common Stock for the trading day immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. The Funicular Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $10.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to adjustment monthly to a price equal to the trailing five-day VWAP, subject to a floor of $2.00 per share (provided that if the Company sells stock at an effective price below $2.00 per share, such floor would be reduced to such effective price). The Short-Term Notes (as defined below) accrue interest at a rate of 9% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day volume weighted average price of the Common Stock (“VWAP”) prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time during the continuance of an event of default, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion. The Long-Term Notes (as defined below) accrue interest at a rate of 13% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, in cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time commencing six months after the Closing Date, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion (or 85% if an event of default occurs and is continuing. Under the terms of the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement $850,000 of the purchase price is payable in shares of common stock at a price of $6.00 per share, and $950,000 is payable in shares of common stock in four equal monthly installments.

The shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement and the conversion of any amounts under the notes, including the Funicular Note, the Seller Notes and the Chardan Note, to the extent exercised, converted and issued, would impose significant dilution on our stockholders. Also in connection with the Closing, AtlasClear Holdings agreed to settle certain accrued expenses and other obligations to certain parties through the issuance of an aggregate of 2,201,010 shares of Common Stock and intends to, in the future, issue additional shares of Common Stock, to settle other accrued expenses and obligations. All of the foregoing issuances would result in substantial dilution of our stockholders and may have a negative impact on the market price of our Common Stock.

Our issuance of additional capital stock in connection with future financings, including pursuant to the ELOC Term Sheet, acquisitions, investments, the AtlasClear 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.

We expect to issue additional capital stock in the future that will result in dilution to all other stockholders. We expect to grant equity awards to employees, directors and consultants under the Incentive Plan. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. We may acquire or make investments in complementary companies or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition or investment. Any such issuances of additional capital stock may cause stockholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our Common Stock to decline.

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We have not timely satisfied certain payment obligations under the Funicular Note, the Sellers Notes and the Chardan Note. In the event we are not able to raise sufficient capital to pay such notes, or otherwise restructure the same, and payment of principal and accrued interest thereon is demanded by the holders thereof, we will be in default, and may not be able to continue as a going concern. Although none of the holders of such promissory notes have elected to pursue remedies against us, we cannot assure you that they will not do so in the future. The institution of collection actions could have a material adverse effect on our business and could force us to seek relief through insolvency or other proceedings. The Long-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 13% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, in cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time commencing six months after the Closing Date, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion (or 85% if an event of default occurs and is continuing). On each interest payment date, the accrued and unpaid interest shall, at the election of the Company in its sole discretion, be either paid in cash or paid in-kind by increasing the principal amount of the Funicular Note. In the event of an Event of Default (as defined in the Funicular Note), in addition to Funicular’s other rights and remedies, the interest rate would increase to 20% per annum. If the registration statement for the issued shares is not filed within 30 days after the Closing or is not declared effective by the applicable deadline set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement, or under certain other circumstances described in the Registration Rights Agreement, then the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Furnicular an amount in cash equal to 5% of the original principal amount of the Note on a monthly basis until the applicable event giving rise to such payments is cured. The Chardan Note is subject to a demand for immediate repayment in cash upon the occurrence of certain events of default specified therein. In addition, if the registration statement for the issued shares is not filed within 45 days after the Closing or is not effective within a specified period after the Closing (or if effectiveness is subsequently suspended or terminated for at least 15 days, subject to certain exceptions), then the interest rate of the Chardan Note will increase by 2% for each week that such event continues. The Company is not currently in compliance with the foregoing registration obligations, which have resulted in increased interest rates under the terms of the applicable Convertible Notes.

We cannot assure you that we will continue to be able to comply with the continued listing standards of the NYSE American.

Our continued eligibility to maintain the listing of our Common Stock on the NYSE American depends on a number of factors, including the price of our Common Stock and the number of persons that hold our Common Stock. If the NYSE American delists our securities from trading on its exchange for failure to meet its listing standards, and we are not able to list such securities on another national securities exchange, then our Common Stock could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we and our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

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a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

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reduced liquidity for our securities;

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a determination that the Common Stock is a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading the Common Stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for shares of Common Stock;

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a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

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a decreased ability for us to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our securities adversely, the price and trading volume of our securities could decline.

The trading market for our securities will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, markets, revenue streams, and competitors. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on us. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, our share price and trading volume would likely be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts who may cover us adversely change their recommendation regarding our shares of Common Stock, or provide relatively more favorable recommendations with respect to competitors, the price of our shares of Common Stock would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our share price or trading volume to decline.

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We do not intend to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future.

We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to finance the further development and expansion of our business and do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our Board and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in the Stockholders’ Agreement and future agreements and financing instruments, business prospects and such other factors as our Board deems relevant.

Because there are no current plans to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your Common Stock at a price greater than what you paid for it.

We intend to retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and there are no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on shares of our Common Stock will be at the sole discretion of the Board. The Board may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and results of operations, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, implications of the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us and such other factors as the Board may deem relevant. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in the Common Stock unless you sell your Common Stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

Our Warrants may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock.

In connection with the Business Combination, 10,062,500 public warrants (the “Public Warrants”) and 5,562,500 private placement warrants (the “Private Warrants” and collectively, the “Warrants”) became exercisable to purchase our Common Stock, each exercisable to purchase one share of our Common Stock at $11.50 per share. Such Warrants, when and if exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock and may reduce the value of the Common Stock.

The exercise of Warrants, and any proceeds we may receive from their exercise, are highly dependent on the price of our Common Stock and the spread between the exercise price of the Warrant and the price of our Common Stock at the time of exercise. For example, to the extent that the price of our Common Stock exceeds $11.50 per share, it is more likely that holders of our Warrants will exercise their warrants. If the price of our Common Stock is less than $11.50 per share, we believe it is much less likely that such holders will exercise their warrants. On April 12, 2024, the closing price of the Common Stock as reported by the NYSE American was $1.43 per share, which price was less than the $11.50 per share exercise price of the Private Warrants. We cannot assure you that our Warrants will be in the money after the date of this report and prior to their expiration. Quantum Ventures and its distributees have the option to exercise the Private Warrants on a cashless basis. Holders of public warrants may generally only exercise such warrants for cash, subject to very limited exceptions in certain circumstances as provided for in the Warrant Agreement relating to the warrants.

Our warrants are accounted for as a warrant liability and were recorded at fair value upon issuance with changes in fair value each period reported in earnings, which may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock.

In accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), the Company’s warrants are classified as derivative liabilities and measured at fair value on its balance sheet, with any changes in fair value to be reported each period in earnings on our statement of operations.

As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements may fluctuate quarterly, based on factors that are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect we will recognize non-cash gains or losses on our warrants each reporting period and that the amount of such gains or losses could be material.

Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our stockholders in the public market following could cause the market price for the Common Stock to decline.

The sale of shares of our Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of Common Stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for the us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that it deems appropriate.

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As of the date of this report we have a total of 12,455,157 shares of Common Stock outstanding (i) without giving effect to any awards that may be issued under the Incentive Plan or any Earnout Shares that may be issued in the future, and (iii) assuming no exercise of the outstanding Warrants. All shares currently held by Public Stockholders and all of the shares issued in the Business Combination to former AtlasClear’s stockholders are freely tradable without registration under the Securities Act, and without restriction by persons other than our “affiliates” (as defined under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, (“Rule 144”)), including our directors, executive officers and other affiliates.

In the future, we may also issue our securities in connection with investments or acquisitions. The amount of shares of the Common Stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition could constitute a material portion of the then-outstanding shares of the Common Stock. Any issuance of additional securities in connection with investments or acquisitions may result in additional dilution to our stockholders.

We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.

We are an “emerging growth company” and “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. We may continue to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We cannot predict whether investors will find securities issued by us less attractive because we elect to rely on these exemptions. If some investors find those securities less attractive as a result of its reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of Quantum’s initial public offering (“IPO”), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion; (iii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700.0 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such year; or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

All of the shares of Common Stock offered by the Selling Stockholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Stockholders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales.

The Selling Stockholders will pay any underwriting fees, discounts, selling commissions, stock transfer taxes and certain legal expenses incurred by such Selling Stockholders in disposing of their shares of Common Stock, and we will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of such securities covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, Nasdaq listing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our independent registered public accountants.

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MARKET PRICE OF THE COMMON STOCK AND DIVIDENDS

Market Price of the Common Stock

Our Common Stock is currently listed on NYSE American under the symbol “ATCH.” Our Public Warrants trade on the OTC market under the symbol “ATCHW.”

On May 10, 2024, the last sale price of the Common Stock as reported on Nasdaq was $0.83 per share.

Holders

As of April 15, 2024, there were 67 holders of record of our Common Stock, and 1 holder of record of our Public Warrants. A substantially greater number of holders are “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares of record are held by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions.

Dividend Policy

We have not paid any cash dividends on our Common Stock to date. It is the present intention of our Board to retain all earnings, if any, for use in our business operations and, accordingly, our Board does not anticipate declaring any dividends in the foreseeable future.

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Introduction

AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. is providing the following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information to aid you in your analysis of the financial aspects of the Business Combination and related transactions, (collectively, the “Transactions”). The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presents the combination of the financial information of Quantum, Wilson-Davis and the assets to be contributed by AtlasClear, adjusted to give effect to the Transactions. The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X. Defined terms included below have the same meaning as terms defined and included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 combines the unaudited historical balance sheet of Wilson-Davis as of December 31, 2023 with the audited historical consolidated balance sheet of Quantum as of December 31, 2023, giving effect to the Transactions as if they had been consummated as of that date.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined income statement for the year ended December 31, 2023 combines the unaudited historical statement of income of Wilson-Davis for the period from January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023 on a pro forma basis with the audited historical consolidated statement of operations of Quantum for the year ended December 31, 2023, giving effect to the Transactions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2023.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, has been derived from:

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the historical audited consolidated financial statements of Quantum as of December 31, 2023, and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form S-1; and

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the historical unaudited financial statements of Wilson-Davis as of December 31, 2023.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, has been derived from:

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the historical audited consolidated financial statements of Quantum for the year ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus; and

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the historical unaudited financial statements of Wilson-Davis for the six months ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form S-1, the historical audited financial statements of Wilson-Davis for the year ended June 30, 2023, and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form S-1 and the historical unaudited financial statements of Wilson-Davis for the six months ended December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 2 — “Basis of Presentation” for more detail.

This information should be read together with Wilson-Davis’ and Quantum’s audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Wilson-Davis,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Quantum,” and other financial information incorporated by referenced in the Registration Statement .

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PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


															Transaction
															Accounting			Pro Forma
	(A)		Fair Value					Transaction					(B)		Adjustments			Combined
	Wilson Davis		True up			Adjusted		Accounting			Consolidated		Quantum		(Assuming Actual			(Assuming Actual
	(Historical)		Adjustments			Wilson Davis		Adjustments			AtlasClear		(Historical)		Redemptions)			Redemptions)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,581		1	2	$	8,582		—		$	8,582	$	620	$	2,020	4	$	8,607
															$	6,000	8
																(522)	6
																(8,093)	10
Cash segregated customers		21,746		—			21,746		—			21,746		—		—			21,746
Cash segregated PAB		201		—			201		—			201		—		—			201
Receivables - broker-dealers and clearing organizations		3,054		—			3,054		—			3,054		—		—			3,054
Receivables - customers net		149		—			149		—			149		—		—			149
Other receivable		56		—			56		—			56		—		—			56
Trading securities, market value		1		—			1		—			1		—		—			1
Prepaid income tax		191		—			191		—			191		—		—			191
Prepaids		74		—			74		—			74		59		—			133

Total Current Assets		34,053		1			34,054		—			34,054		679		(595)			34,138

Operating lease right-of-use assets		63		—			63		—			63		—		—			63
Cash deposits - broker-dealers and clearing organizations		2,537		—			2,537		—			2,537		—		—			2,537
Property and equipment, net		25		—			25		—			25		—		—			25
Deferred income tax		—		—			—		—			—		—		—			—
Other assets		385		—			385		—			385		—		—			385
Licenses		—		3,652	2		3,652		—			3,652		—		—			3,652
Customer list		—		11,527	2		11,527		—			11,527		—		—			11,527
Developed technology		—		—			—		18,163	1		18,163		—		—			18,163
Cash and marketable securities held in Trust Account		—		—			—		—			—		54,799		(2,020)	4		—
																(53,947)	3
																1,168	7
Total Assets	$	37,063	$	15,180		$	52,243	$	18,163		$	70,406	$	55,478	$	(55,394)		$	70,490

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities
Payables to customers	$	23,362	$	—		$	23,362	$	—		$	23,362	$	—	$	—		$	23,362
Accounts and payables to officers/directors		670		—			670		—			670		—		—			670
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,051		—			1,051		—			1,051		4,785		(4,526)	6		1,310
Payables - broker-dealers and clearing organizations		20		—			20		—			20		—		—			20
Payable to Wilson-Davis shareholders		—		11,919	2		11,919		—			11,919		—		(8,093)	10		3,826
Short-term Note to Wilson Davis		—		5,000	2		5,000		—			5,000		—		—			5,000
Commissions, payroll and payroll taxes		180		—			180		—			180		—		—			180
Current portion of lease liability		50		—			50		—			50		—		—			50
Stock loan		1		—			1		—			1		—		—			1
Income taxes payable		—		—			—		—			—		725		—			725
Excise taxes payable		—		—			—		—			—		1,528		—			1,528
Advances from related party		—		—			—		—			—		3,104		(3,104)	7		—
Promissory note - related party		—		—			—		—			—		480		(480)	7		—
Convertible note, net of discount		—		—			—		—			—		—		4,854	8		4,854
Software earnout liability		—		—			—		10,963	(1)		10,963		—		—			10,963
Total current liabilities		25,334		16,919			42,253		10,963			53,216		10,622		(11,349)			52,489

Accrued contingent liability		—		—			—		—			—		—		—			—
Subordinated borrowings		1,950		—			1,950		—			1,950		—		—			1,950
Trading account deposit		100		—			100		—			100		—		—			100
Long-term lease liability		19		—			19		—			19		—		—			19
Non redemption liability		—		—			—		—			—		1,442		(1,442)	9		—
Deferred long term accounts payable		—		—			—		—			—		—		9,212	6		9,212
Long-term Note to Wilson Davis		—		7,921			7,921		—			7,921		—		—			7,921
Warrant liabilities		—		—			—		—			—		308		—			308
Total Liabilities		27,403		24,840			52,243		10,963			63,206		12,372		(3,579)			71,999

Common stock subject to possible redemption		—		—			—		—			—		54,618		(671)	5		—
																(53,947)	3
		—		—			—		—			—		54,618		(54,618)			—
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock		41		(41)	2		—		—	1		—		1		—	5		1
																—	6
																—	7

Additional paid-in capital		304		(304)	2		—		76,016	1		76,016		—		671	5		83,077
																1,020	6
																4,224	7
																1,146	8
Accumulated deficit		9,315		(9,315)	2		—		(68,816)	1		(68,816)		(11,513)		(6,228)	6		(84,587)
																1,442	9
																528	7
Total Stockholders’ Equity		9,660		(9,660)			—		7,200			7,200		(11,512)		2,803			(1,509)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	37,063	$	15,180		$	52,243	$	18,163		$	70,406	$	55,478	$	(55,394)		$	70,490

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PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

									Transaction							Transaction
									Accounting							Accounting			Pro Forma
		(A)		Fair Value					Adjustments					(B)		Adjustments			Combined
		Wilson Davis		True up			Adjusted		(Assuming No			Consolidated		Quantum		(Assuming No			(Assuming No
		(Historical)		Adjustments			Wilson Davis		Redemptions)			AtlasClear		(Historical)		Redemptions)			Redemptions)
Revenue
Commissions	$	4,944	$	—		$	4,944	$	—		$	4,944	$	—	$	—		$	4,944
Vetting fees		1,466		—			1,466		—			1,466		—		—			1,466
Clearing fees		523		—			523		—			523		—		—			523
Fees charged to customers		1,350
Net loss on firm trading accounts		29		—			29		—			29		—		—			29
Other		(27)		—			(27)		—			(27)		—		—			(27)
Total Revenue		8,285		—			6,935		—			6,935		—		—			6,935

Expenses
Compensation, payroll taxes and benefits		4,433		—			4,433		—			4,433		—		—			4,433
Data processing and clearing costs		2,523		—			2,523		—			2,523		—		—			2,523
Regulatory, professional fees and related expenses		1,686		—			1,686		—			1,686		—		—			1,686
Communications		579		—			579		—			579		—		—			579
Occupancy and equipment		233		—			233		—			233		—		—			233
Transfer fees		222		—			222		—			222		—		—			222
Bank charges		184		—			184		—			184		—		—			184
Other		390		—			390		—			390		—		—			390
Amortization of intangible assets		—		3,039	1		3,039		—			3,039		—		—			3,039
Transaction cost		—		—			—		68,816	2		68,816		—		—			68,816
Operating expenses		—		—			—		—			—		2,738		6,229	3		8,967
Total expenses		10,250		3,039			13,289		68,816			82,105		2,738		6,229			91,072
Operating loss		(1,965)		(3,039)			(6,354)		(68,816)			(75,170)		(2,738)		(6,229)			(84,137)


Other income (expense)
Interest income		2,124					2,124		—			2,124		—		—			2,124
Interest expense		(110)		—			(110)		—			(110)		—		(3,094)	5		(3,204)
Change in fair value of warrants		—		—			—		—			—		(123)		—			(123)
Change in fair value of non-redemption agreement liability		—		—			—		—			—		440		—			440
Interest income - bank		—		—			—		—			—		22					22
Net gain on settlement		—		—			—		—			—		830					830
Interest earned on investments held in Trust Account		—		—			—		—			—		3,090		(3,090)	4		—
(Loss) income before taxes		49		(3,039)			(4,340)		(68,816)			(73,156)		1,521		(12,413)			(84,048)
Income tax benefit (expense)		(11)		—			(11)		—			(11)		(726)		—			(737)
Net (loss) income	$	38	$	(3,039)		$	(4,351)	$	(68,816)		$	(73,167)	$	795	$	(12,413)		$	(84,785)


Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted														11,929,894		(128,135)			11,801,759
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share													$	0.07				$	(7.18)
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted														11,929,894		(128,135)			11,801,759
Diluted net (loss) income per share													$	0.07				$	(7.18)

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Note 1 — Description of the Transactions

On February 9, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), the registrant consummated the previously announced transactions pursuant to that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated November 16, 2022 (as amended, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among the registrant, Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation (“Quantum”), Calculator Merger Sub 1, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the registrant (“Merger Sub 1”), Calculator Merger Sub 2, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the registrant (“Merger Sub 2”), AtlasClear, Inc., a Wyoming corporation (“AtlasClear”), Atlas FinTech Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas FinTech”) and Robert McBey. The transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are hereinafter referred to as the “Business Combination.” In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the registrant changed its name from “Calculator New Pubco, Inc.” to “AtlasClear Holdings, Inc.” (hereinafter referred to as “AtlasClear Holdings”).

In addition:

●

Simultaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, AtlasClear entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2022 (as further amended on May 30, 2023, the ��Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement”), with Wilson-Davis and its selling shareholders, pursuant to which, among other things, AtlasClear will acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Wilson-Davis. As of February 9, 2024, the transaction closed.

●

Simultaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, AtlasClear entered into the CB Merger Agreement with Commercial Bancorp, pursuant to which, among other things, Commercial Bancorp will be merged with and into a subsidiary of AtlasClear. The Closing of the CB Merger is expected to occur after the consummation of the Business Combination.

●

Simultaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, AtlasClear entered into the Contribution Agreement with Atlas FinTech, and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. pursuant to which Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. will contribute to AtlasClear all rights, title and interest in the Transferred Intellectual Property (as defined in the Contribution Agreement), among other things. As of February 9, 2024, the transaction closed.

At the Closing, AtlasClear equity holders received merger consideration in shares of AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. Common Stock equal to the quotient of (i) $75.4 million, less the purchase prices for Wilson-Davis and Commercial Bancorp, divided by (ii) $10 (the “Merger Consideration”). As such 4,440,000 shares were issued on February 9, 2024.

In addition, the AtlasClear stockholders will receive up to 5,944,444 shares of AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. Common Stock (the “Earn Out Shares”). The Earn Out Shares will be issued to AtlasClear Stockholders upon certain milestones (based on the achievement of certain price targets of Common Stock following the Closing). In the event such milestones are not met within the first 18 months following the Closing, the Earn Out Shares will be cancelled. Atlas FinTech will also receive up to $20 million of AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. Common Stock (“Software Products Earn Out Shares”), which will be issued to Atlas FinTech upon certain milestones based on the achievement of certain revenue targets of software products contributed to AtlasClear by Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. following the Closing. The revenue targets will be measured yearly for the five years following Closing, with no catch-up between the years.

In connection with the Closing, each share of Quantum Common Stock that was outstanding and has not been redeemed was converted into one share of AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. Common Stock.

Each outstanding Quantum Public Warrant has become a warrant to purchase one-half of a share of AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. Common Stock. Each outstanding Quantum Private Warrant will become a warrant to purchase one share of AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. Common Stock.

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As a result of such redemptions, a total of 109,499 Public Shares remained outstanding at the Closing. After giving effect to the Business Combination, the redemption of the Public Shares described above, the separation of the former Quantum Units and the issuance of Merger Consideration Shares and the issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to Expense Settlements (described below), as of the Closing Date, there were 11,781,759 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.

Amendments to Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement

Prior to the Closing, AtlasClear and the Company entered into two amendments to the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement with Wilson-Davis and the then-owners of Wilson-Davis (the “Wilson-Davis Sellers”), Amendment No. 8 dated January 9, 2024 (“Amendment No. 8”) and Amendment No. 9 dated February 7, 2024 (“Amendment No. 9” and, together with Amendment No. 8, the “Amendments”). Among other things, the Amendments reduced the total purchase price payable under the Broker- Dealer Acquisition Agreement by $5 million and reduced the cash payable at the Wilson-Davis Closing as part of the purchase price to $8 million, with the balance of the purchase price paid in the form of convertible promissory notes issued by AtlasClear to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, as follows: (i) $5,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 90 days after the Closing Date (the “Short-Term Notes”) and (ii) $7,971,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 24 months after the Closing Date (the “Long-Term Notes” and, together with the Short-Term Notes, the “Seller Notes”). The Short-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 9% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day volume weighted average price of the Common Stock (“VWAP”) prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time during the continuance of an event of default, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion. The Long-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 13% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, in cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time commencing six months after the Closing Date, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion (or 85% if an event of default occurs and is continuing).

Pursuant to the terms of the Amendments, at the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement (the “Wilson-David Closing”) the Company entered into a parent guaranty and registration rights agreement with the Wilson-Davis Sellers (the “Wilson-Davis Guaranty and RRA”), pursuant to which the Company guaranteed the obligations of AtlasClear under the Notes. The Company also agreed (i) to file, within 30 days of the Closing Date, a registration statement with the SEC, registering the resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes and (ii) if necessary to allow any of the Notes to be converted into shares of Common Stock in accordance with the rules of the NYSE, to seek stockholder approval for the issuance of such shares, including by filing a proxy statement by no later than April 30, 2024.

Quantum Ventures LLC (the “Sponsor”) also entered into Amendment No. 9, for the limited purpose of agreeing to transfer certain Founder Shares owned by the Sponsor to the Wilson-Davis Sellers. The Sponsor agreed to transfer to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, at the Wilson-Davis Closing, Founder Shares having an aggregate value of $6 million, based on the VWAP of Quantum Common Stock for the five trading days immediately prior to the Wilson-Davis Closing, which resulted in the transfer of an aggregate of 885,010 Founder Shares at the Closing. From time to time prior to the six month anniversary of the Closing, the Sponsor may be required to transfer additional Founder Shares to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, as set forth in Amendment No. 9, provided that in no event will the Sponsor be required to transfer more than an aggregate of 2,500,000 Founder Shares (including the Founder Shares transferred at the Closing).

Convertible Note Financing

On February 9, 2024, the Company and Quantum entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Funicular Funds, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Funicular”), pursuant to which the Company sold and issued to Funicular, on that date, a secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $6,000,000 (the “Funicular Note”) for a purchase price of $6,000,000, in a private placement (the “Note Financing”). The proceeds raised in the Note Financing were used to pay a portion of the purchase price paid at Closing to the Wilson-Davis Sellers.

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Expense Settlements

In connection with the Closing, the Company and Chardan Capital Markets LLC (“Chardan”) agreed that the fee, in the amount of $7,043,750, payable by Quantum to Chardan upon the Closing pursuant to the terms of the business combination marketing agreement entered into in connection with Quantum’s initial public offering, would be waived in exchange for the issuance by the Company to Chardan of a convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $4,150,000. Such note (the “Chardan Note”) was issued by the Company at the Closing.

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The Chardan Note has a stated maturity date of February 9, 2028. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to 13%, and is payable quarterly on the first day of each calendar quarter. On each interest payment date, the accrued and unpaid interest shall, at the election of the Company, be either paid in cash or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, in shares of Common Stock, at a rate equal to 85% of the VWAP for the trading day immediately prior to the applicable interest payment date. The Chardan Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at a conversion price equal to 90% of the VWAP of the Common Stock for the trading day immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. In addition, on each conversion date the Company is required to pay to Chardan in cash (or, at the Company’s option and subject to certain conditions, a combination of cash and Common Stock) all accrued interest on the Chardan Note and all interest that would otherwise accrue on the amount of the Note being converted if such converted amount would be held to three years after the applicable conversion date. Conversion of the Chardan Note, including the issuance of shares to pay interest thereon, is limited to the extent that such conversion would result in Chardan (together with its affiliates and any other persons acting as a group together with Chardan or its affiliates) beneficially owning in excess of 9.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such conversion. The conversion price applicable to the Chardan Note is subject to adjustment is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and is subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for, Common Stock at a price below the then-applicable conversion price (subject to certain exceptions). The Chardan Note is subject to a demand for immediate repayment in cash upon the occurrence of certain events of default specified therein.

Also in connection with the Closing, the Company agreed to settle certain accrued expenses and other obligations to certain parties through the issuance of shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to such arrangements, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,201,010 shares of Common Stock in settlement of obligations in the aggregate amount of $5,448,933, including the issuance of 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock to Qvent, LLC, an affiliate of the Sponsor, in settlement of an aggregate of $4,633,833 advanced to Quantum through the Closing Date.

Accounting for the Transactions

The Business Combination will be accounted for in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, with Quantum considered to be the accounting acquirer of Wilson-Davis and Commercial Bancorp. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the preliminary purchase price is allocated to the underlying tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair market values, with the excess purchase price, if any, allocated to goodwill. Costs related to the transaction are expensed as incurred. The Company has determined that Wilson-Davis should be considered a probable acquisition and is over 50% significant and therefore should be included in the pro forma financial information and in accordance with Rule 3-05, Wilson-Davis financial statements should be included in this proxy statement/prospectus. However, the Company determined that the acquisition of Commercial Bancorp was neither probable nor significant and therefore the Company has neither included Commercial Bancorp in the pro forma financial information nor included separate financial statements for Commercial Bancorp in this proxy statement/prospectus.

AtlasClear does not meet the definition of a business and will therefore be treated as an asset acquisition by Quantum, which will include the assets contributed from Atlas Fintech. AtlasClear’s assets and liabilities will be measured and recognized at their relative fair values, as estimated in good faith by management, and allocated to the net assets acquired as of the transaction date, and combined with the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of Quantum on consummation of the Business Combination. The reported consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the combined company after completion of the Business Combination will reflect these fair values.

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Quantum was deemed the accounting acquirer based on the following factors:

●

Quantum will be issuing cash and shares of its common stock;

●

Quantum will control the voting rights under the no redemption and the maximum contractual redemption scenarios;

●

Quantum will have the largest minority voting interest;

●

Quantum will have control over the Board; and

●

Most of senior management of the post-combination company will be former Quantum officers.

Note 2 — Basis of Pro Forma Presentation

The historical financial information has been adjusted to give pro forma effect to events that are related and/or directly attributable to the Transactions, are factually supportable and are expected to have a continuing impact on the results of the combined company. The adjustments presented on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been identified and presented to provide relevant information necessary for an accurate understanding of the combined company upon consummation of the Transactions.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is for illustrative purposes only. The financial results would have been different had the companies always been combined. You should not rely on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information as being indicative of the historical results that would have been achieved had the companies always been combined or the future results that the combined company will experience. AtlasClear, Wilson-Davis and Quantum have not had any historical relationship prior to the Transactions. Accordingly, no pro forma adjustments were required to eliminate activities between the companies.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X as amended by the final rule, Release No. 33-10786 “Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses.” Release No. 33-10786 replaces the existing pro forma adjustment criteria with simplified Transaction Accounting Adjustments and allow for presentation of Management’s Adjustments. Quantum has elected not to present Management’s Adjustments and will only be presenting Transaction Accounting Adjustments in the following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.

As Quantum and Wilson-Davis have different fiscal year ends, in order to meet the SEC’s pro forma requirements of combining operating results for an annual period that ends within 93 days of the end of Quantum’s latest annual fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis’s financial results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, have been calculated by taking (i) Wilson-Davis’s results for the year ended June 30, 2023, minus Wilson-Davis’s results for the six months ended December 31, 2022, plus (ii) Wilson-Davis’s results for the six months ended December 31, 2023.

Included in the shares outstanding and weighted average shares outstanding as presented in the pro forma condensed combined financial statements are 4,440,000 shares of Common Stock issued to AtlasClear stockholders.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared based on the actual redemptions which resulted in an additional redemption of 4,940,885 shares leaving 109,499 shares which were not redeemed and no longer subject to redemption as a result of the closing of the transaction.

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The following summarizes the pro forma shares issued and outstanding immediately after the Business Combination, presented under actual redemptions:


	No Redemptions
Ownership percentage post-Business Combination	Number of Shares	Percent Outstanding
AtlasClear Merger Consideration shares	4,440,000	37.6	%
Financing Investors	600,000	5.1	%
Expense settlement Shareholders	221,010	1.9	%
Quantum public stockholders	109,499	0.9	%
Quantum Founder Shares(1)	6,431,250	54.4	%
Total shares outstanding	11,801,759

(1)	Including the issuance of 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock to Qvent, LLC, an affiliate of the Sponsor, in settlement of an aggregate of $4,633,833 advanced to Quantum through the Closing Date.

The share amounts and ownership percentages set forth above do not take into account Quantum Warrants that will remain outstanding immediately following the Business Combination and may be exercised thereafter.

Upon consummation of the Business Combination, management will perform a comprehensive review of the entity’s accounting policies. As a result of the review, management may identify differences between the accounting policies of the entities which, when conformed, could have a material impact on the financial statements of the post-combination company. Management did not identify any differences that would have a material impact on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information. As a result, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not assume any differences in accounting policies.

Note 3 — Pro Forma Adjustments

Pro Forma Adjustments to the Unaudited Condensed Combined Balance Sheet

(A)

Derived from the unaudited balance sheet of Wilson-Davis as of December 31, 2023.

(B)

Derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet of Quantum as of December 31, 2023.

(1)

To reflect the purchase of Developed Technology identified under the Assignment and Assumption Agreement and Bill of Sale (the “Contribution Agreement”) between AtlasClear, Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp., pursuant to which Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. will contribute to AtlasClear all rights, title and interest in certain intellectual property, among other things. There are no historical revenues for the Developed Technology and AtlasClear’s management determined the fair value based on their experience and expectations from running similar models in previous companies. The value was derived based on the purchase price allocation as follows: (the table below is expressed in thousands)


Total Purchase Price^(a)	$	44,400
Fair value of Software Product Earn Out Shares^(b)		10,963
Fair value of Earn Out Shares^(c)		31,347
Deficient Cash Free Net Working Capital^(d)		269
Purchase price allocated to Contribution Agreement	$	86,979
SURFACExchange	$	381
Bond Quantum		32
Atlas		7,749
Rubicon		10,000
Total Developed Technology acquired^(e)	$	18,163
Transaction cost^(f)	$	68,816

(a)

The closing consideration of $44.40 million is to be delivered in common stock. As such 4,400,000 were delivered based on $10 per share presumed value of common stock.

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(b)

Atlas FinTech will receive up to $20.00 million of Common Stock (“Software Products Earn Out Shares”), which will be issued to Atlas FinTech upon certain milestones (based on the achievement of certain revenue targets of software products contributed to AtlasClear by Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. following the Closing). The revenue targets will be measured yearly for the five years following Closing, with no catch-up between the years. The value was determined based on projected revenue based on a discount factor. The Earn Out provision was analyzed under ASC 480 and ASC 815. the Software Products Earn Out Shares Payments in this transaction are within the scope of ASC 480 and therefore will be accounted for as a liability and included in the purchase price consideration. The revenue earnout was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation to determine if and when the revenue hurdles would be achieved. The revenue volatility and revenue to equity correlation was based upon the same guideline public companies. The Monte Carlo simulation was performed simultaneously on both the share price and revenue to account for the correlation between revenue and equity

(c)

Atlas FinTech will receive up to 5,944,444 shares of Common Stock (the “Earn Out Shares”). The Earn Out Shares will be issued to AtlasClear Stockholders upon certain milestones (based on the achievement of certain price targets of Common Stock following the Closing). In the event such milestones are not met within the first 18 months following the Closing, the Earn Out Shares will be cancelled. The Earn Out provision was analyzed under ASC 480 and ASC 815. The earnout provision was deemed to be indexed to the Company’s own stock and therefore equity classified. The share based earnout was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation to determine if and when the stock price hurdles would be achieved. The expected stock price volatility was based upon guideline public companies.

(d)

The Deficient Cash Free Net Working Capital represents the difference between the working capital balance of AtlasClear and Wilson-Davis (excluding cash) of ($268,993), and the normalized working capital of $0. The excess/deficiency is determined by reviewing the working capital requirements of similar guideline public companies. The normalized working capital was considered reasonable provided the guideline public companies. The actual working capital is not a subjective input and represents actual amounts at the closing balance sheet dates. The normalized working capital is calculated as the last twelve months (“LTM”) revenue of $0 for AtlasClear multiplied by the working capital requirement of -5%. The working capital balance of the company should be zero given that AtlasClear has no revenue.

(e)

Under SAB topic 5G transfers of nonmonetary assets for stock prior to an initial offering should be recorded at predecessor cost in accordance with GAAP. As such the value of the Developed Technology was based on the carrying value of Atlas FinTech of $18.16 million. The estimated useful life was determined to be eight years. There are no historical revenues for the Developed Technology and AtlasClear’s management determined the fair value based on their experience and expectations from running similar models in previous companies.

(f)

ASC 350 prohibits the recognition of goodwill in an asset purchase. As such the difference between the purchase price of $86.98 million was charged as transactions and recorded under accumulated deficit of $68.82 million.

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(2)

Reflects the allocation, on a preliminary basis, of cost associated with the acquisition of Wilson-Davis under the acquisition method of accounting as though the acquisition occurred on December 31, 2023. The final allocation of the purchase consideration for the Mergers will be determined after the completion of a thorough analysis to determine the fair value of all assets acquired and liabilities assumed, but in no event later than one year following the completion of the Mergers. Accordingly, the final acquisition accounting adjustments could differ materially from the unaudited pro forma adjustments presented herein. Any increase or decrease in the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as compared to the information shown herein, could also change the portion of the purchase consideration allocable to goodwill and could impact the operating results of the Company following the Mergers due to differences in the allocation of the purchase consideration, depreciation and amortization related to some of these assets and liabilities. The preliminary allocation of the purchase price is as follows: (the table below is expressed in thousands)


Cash paid to Wilson-Davis shareholders	$	24,840
Allocated to:
Cash	$	8,583
Cash segregated		21,947
Receivables		3,259
Trading Securities, market value		1
Prepaid Income Tax		265
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(25,283)
Current portion of lease liability		(50)
Property and equipment		25
Cash deposit BDs and Clearing Organizations		2,537
Operating Lease Right-to-Use Lease Assets		63
Other Assets		385
Stock loan		(1)
Long-term Lease liability		(19)
Subordinated Borrowing		(1,950)
Trading Account deposit		(100)
Net assets acquired		9,662
Excess of purchase price over net liabilities assumed before allocation to identifiable intangible assets and goodwill	$	15,178

The fair value of property and equipment was determined using the indirect cost approach which utilizes fixed asset record information including historical costs, acquisition dates, and asset descriptions and applying asset category specific nationally recognized indices to the historical cost of each asset to derive replacement cost new less depreciation. Management has also made the initial determination that all other assets and liabilities to be acquired are primarily estimated to be stated at their fair values, which approximates their recorded cost. While a final determination of the value of the identifiable intangibles has not been completed, management has made an initial determination that approximately $15.178 million of the excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired should be allocated to identifiable intangible assets. The unidentified excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired has been recorded as goodwill. (The table below is expressed in thousands)


	Amount		Estimated Useful Life (Years)
Licenses(a)	$	3,652	Indefinite
Customer Lists(b)		11,527	15
Intangible Assets	$	15,178	—

(a)

The value of the licenses was based on replacement costs for an operating enterprise which are estimated to be $4.63 million over 16 months. The replication cost was then allocated a 12% estimated developers profit and The entrepreneurial incentive indicates the incremental amount of net cash flow that the owner/operator of the process will earn during the development period compared to the amount of net cash flow the same owner/operator would earn from using an alternative process. The development period was estimated as 1.25 years. The rate of return was based on an annual rate of return of 27.9% resulting in an estimated value of $3.65 million.

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(b)

The Wilson Davis customer relationships were valued using the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method (“MPEEM”). The MPEEM reflects the present value of the operating cash flows generated by existing customer relationships after taking into account the cost to realize the revenue and an appropriate discount rate to reflect the time value and risk associated with the cash flows.

(3)

To reflect the redemption in connection with the stockholder vote to approve the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination, holders of an aggregate of 4,940,885 shares of Quantum Common Stock properly exercised their right to have their shares redeemed for a full pro rata portion of the Trust Account holding the proceeds from the IPO, which was approximately $10.92 per share, or $53.95 million in the aggregate.

(4)

To reflect the release of cash from investments held in the trust account. The remaining balance of the Trust Account immediately prior to the Closing of approximately $1.19 million was used to partially fund the Business Combination.

(5)

The reclass the 109,499 shares which were not redeemed into permanent equity.

(6)

To reflect the settlement of $10.50 million of legal, financial advisory and other professional fees related to the Transactions, of which $0.52 million represents the cash payment of transaction expenses $4.32 million represents the release of previously accrued transaction expenses, the issuance of 221,010 of common stock to settled $1.02 million in transaction cost and the recording of $9.16 million in expense settlements where vendors agreed to be repaid in long term basis . The amount of $6.18 million is reflected as an adjustment to accumulated losses for incremental transaction cost incurred as a result. The $9.16 million of long term notes is summarized below:

$4.15 million under The Chardan Note has a stated maturity date of February 9, 2028. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to 13%, and is payable quarterly on the first day of each calendar quarter. On each interest payment date, the accrued and unpaid interest shall, at the election of the Company, be either paid in cash or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, in shares of Common Stock, at a rate equal to 85% of the VWAP for the trading day immediately prior to the applicable interest payment date. The Chardan Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at a conversion price equal to 90% of the VWAP of the Common Stock for the trading day immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. In addition, on each conversion date the Company is required to pay to Chardan in cash (or, at the Company’s option and subject to certain conditions, a combination of cash and Common Stock) all accrued interest on the Chardan Note and all interest that would otherwise accrue on the amount of the Note being converted if such converted amount would be held to three years after the applicable conversion date. Conversion of the Chardan Note, including the issuance of shares to pay interest thereon, is limited to the extent that such conversion would result in Chardan (together with its affiliates and any other persons acting as a group together with Chardan or its affiliates) beneficially owning in excess of 9.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such conversion. The conversion price applicable to the Chardan Note is subject to adjustment is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and is subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for, Common Stock at a price below the then-applicable conversion price (subject to certain exceptions). The Chardan Note is subject to a demand for immediate repayment in cash upon the occurrence of certain events of default specified therein.

$2.50 million to be repaid via issuance of common stock in trenches over a two year period.

$2.51 million to be repaid to various vendors with a 13% interest with a maturity date of February 8, 2026.

(7)

To reflect the funding of $0.64 million for the July through February extension payments, which was funded by a non-interest bearing, unsecured promissory note payable upon consummation of the Business Combination (each, an “Extension Payment”) and the corresponding settlement of this note payable and the Advances from related party and Promissory note- related party at the consummation of the Business Combination with the issuance of 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock to Qvent, LLC, an affiliate of the Sponsor, in settlement of an aggregate of $4.6 million advanced to Quantum through the Closing Date.

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(8)

To reflect the cash proceeds from the Financing event on February 9, 2024. The Company and Quantum entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Funicular Funds, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Funicular”), pursuant to which the Company sold and issued to Funicular, on that date, a secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $6.00 million (the “Funicular Note”) for a purchase price of $6,000,000, in a private placement (the “Note Financing”). Also pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, at the Closing the Sponsor transferred 600,000 Founder Shares and 600,000 private placement warrants to Funicular, which transfers terminated Quantum’s obligation to issue shares to Funicular pursuant to the terms of the non-redemption agreement, dated August 1, 2023, between Quantum and Funicular and previously disclosed in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus. As such the Proceeds were allocated between the convertible note and the shares transferred on a relative fair value basis, resulting in a debt discount of $0.97 million to be amortized over the maturity of the note.

(9)

To reflect the settlement of the no redemption liability as of the closing of the business combination as there is no further obligation to the holder post closing.

(10)

The proceeds raised in the Note Financing were used to pay a portion of the purchase price paid at Closing to the Wilson-Davis Sellers. To reflect the payment of $8.00 million to the shareholders of Wilson-Davis for the cash purchase consideration as discussed in note 2 above. The remaining will be settled as follows: i) $5,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 90 days after the Closing Date (the “Short-Term Notes”) and (ii) $7,971,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 24 months after the Closing Date (the “Long-Term Notes” and, together with the Short-Term Notes, the “Seller Notes”) (iii) the remaining $10.00 million will be paid via issuance of up to 2.5 million shares to be transferred by the sponsor group.

Pro Forma Adjustments to the Unaudited Condensed Combined Income Statements

(A)

Derived from the unaudited statements of income of Wilson-Davis for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, derived from the audited statement of income of Wilson-Davis for the year ended June 30, 2023.

(B)

Derived from the audited consolidated statements of operations of Quantum for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(1)

To reflect the amortization of the values assigned to the intangible assets acquired as summarized in the Note 1(d) and 2 of the balance sheet adjustments above. The amortization is over an estimated useful life of 8 years for the developed technology and an estimated useful life of 15 years for the customer lists. (The table below is expressed in thousands)

AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLES:	Developed technology		Customer Lists
Amount	$	18,163	$	11,527
Useful Life		8		15
Annual Amortization	$	2,270	$	768

(2)

To reflect the one time transaction cost as a result of the nonmonetary asset transfer made by Atlas FinTech to AtlasClear in connection with the transaction, refer to balance sheet adjustment 1e above.

(3)

Represents an adjustment for additional direct, incremental costs of the Transactions of $6.23 million. These costs will not affect the statement of operations beyond 12 months after the closing.

(4)

Represents an adjustment to eliminate interest income on marketable securities held in the trust account as of the beginning of the period.

(5)

Represent additional interest that would be incurred for the expense settlement debt of $9.21 million and the $6.00 million Financing as described in adjustment 6 to the balance sheet above. The debt holds interest rates of approximately 13% which results in annualized interest of approximately $3.09 million.

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Note 4 — Pro Forma Income (Loss) per Share

Represents the unaudited income (loss) per share calculated using the historical weighted average shares outstanding, and the issuance of additional shares in connection with the Business Combination, assuming the shares were outstanding since January 1, 2023. As the Business Combination is being reflected as if it had occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net income (loss) per share assumes that the shares issued relating to the Business Combination have been outstanding for the entire periods presented. The following tables set forth the computation of pro forma basic and diluted income (loss) per share for year ended December 31, 2023.

The Earn Out Shares are contingently issuable and are therefore not included in the calculation of pro forma income (loss) per share, basic and diluted. The Earn Out Shares would only be included when the contingency has been met and there is no longer a circumstance in which those shares would not be issued. The warrants are not included in the computation of pro forma income (loss) per share, basic and diluted as the warrants as of the date of this prospectus are out of the money and would not be included under the treasury stock method. As such basic and diluted shares are the same.

(The table below is expressed in thousands, except share and per share data)


		Assuming Actual Redemption
		Year ended
		December 31, 2023
		Pro Forma Combined
Net loss	$	(84,785)
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted		11,801,759
Net loss per share – basic and diluted	$	(7.18)
Weighted average shares calculation, basic
AtlasClear Merger Consideration Shares		4,440,000
Financing Investors		600,000
Expense Settlement Shareholders		221,010
Quantum Public Shares		109,499
Quantum Founder Shares		6,431,250
Weighted average shares, basic and diluted		11,801,759

Percent of shares owned by AtlasClear		38	%
Percent of shares owend by Financing Investors		5	%
Percentage of shares owend by Expense Settlement stockholders		2	%
Percent of shares owned by Quantum public stockholders		1	%
Percent of shares owned by Quantum founders		54	%
Excluded securities:
Quantum Public Warrants share equivalent		10,062,500
Quantum Private Warrants share equivalent		4,495,546
Earn Out Shares		5,944,444
Software Product Earn Out Shares (assuming $10 per share)		2,000,000

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF QUANTUM

References in this section of the prospectus to “we,” “us,” “Quantum,” or the “Company” refer to Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. You should read the following discussion together with the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and the audited financial statements, including the related notes, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. All references to years, unless otherwise noted, refer to our fiscal years, which end on December 31.

Overview

As of December 31, 2023, Quantum was a blank check company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware on October 1, 2020, for the purpose of entering into a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.

Recent Developments

Business Combination

On February 9, 2024, we consummated the previously announced transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, by and among AtlasClear Holdings (formerly, Calculator New Pubco, Inc.), Quantum, Merger Sub 1, Merger Sub 2, AtlasClear, Atlas FinTech and Robert McBey. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, Calculator changed its name from “Calculator New Pubco, Inc.” to “AtlasClear Holdings, Inc.” As of December 31, 2023, AtlasClear Holdings was a wholly owned subsidiary of Quantum and had minimal activity since its inception. The discussion below is presenting the consolidated entity of Quantum.

Prior to the Closing, (i) AtlasClear received certain assets from Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp., and (ii) AtlasClear completed the acquisition of broker-dealer, Wilson-Davis. At Closing, the Bank Acquisition Agreement, pursuant to which AtlasClear has agreed to acquire Commercial Bancorp, continued to be in full force and effect. At Closing, AtlasClear stockholders received merger consideration in the form of 4,440,000 shares of Common Stock. In addition, the AtlasClear stockholders will receive up to 5,944,444 shares of Common Stock (the “Earn Out Shares”). The Earn Out Shares will be issued to AtlasClear stockholders upon certain milestones (based on the achievement of certain price targets of Common Stock following the Closing). In the event such milestones are not met within the first 18 months following the Closing, the Earn Out Shares will be cancelled. Atlas FinTech will also receive up to $20 million of Common Stock (“Software Products Earn Out Shares”), which will be issued to Atlas FinTech upon certain milestones based on the achievement of certain revenue targets of software products contributed to AtlasClear by Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. following the Closing. The revenue targets will be measured yearly for the five years following Closing, with no catch-up between the years.

In connection with the stockholder vote to approve the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination, holders of an aggregate of 4,940,885 shares of Common Stock of Quantum properly exercised their right to have their shares redeemed for a full pro rata portion of the Trust Account, which was approximately $10.92 per share, or approximately $53.9 million in the aggregate. The remaining balance of the Trust Account immediately prior to the Closing of approximately $1.2 million was used to partially fund the Business Combination. As a result of such redemptions, a total of 109,499 public shares of Common Stock Quantum remained outstanding at the Closing. After giving effect to the Business Combination, the redemption of the public shares, the separation of the former units of Quantum, the issuance of shares of Common Stock as merger consideration and the issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to Expense Settlements (described below), as of the Closing date, there were 11,781,759 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.

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Non-Redemption Agreement

On August 1, 2023, Quantum and Quantum Ventures entered into a non-redemption agreement (the “Non-Redemption Agreement”) with Funicular Funds, LP (the “Holder”) in exchange for the Holder agreeing either not to request redemption in connection with the Extension (as defined below) or to reverse any previously submitted redemption demand in connection with the Extension with respect to an aggregate of 2,351,800 shares of Common Stock at the special meeting of stockholders called by the Company to, among other things, approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to extend the date by which the Company must consummate an initial business combination to up to February 9, 2024 or such earlier date as is determined by the board of directors of the Company to be in the best interests of the Company (the “Extension”). In consideration of the foregoing agreement, immediately prior to, and substantially concurrently with, the closing of an initial business combination, (i) Quantum Ventures agreed to surrender and forfeit to the Company for no consideration an aggregate of 235,180 shares of Common Stock held by Quantum Ventures (the “Forfeited Shares”) and an aggregate of 235,180 warrants held by Quantum Ventures to purchase 235,180 shares of Common Stock (the “Forfeited Warrants”) and (ii) the Company agreed to issue to the Holder a number shares of Common Stock equal to the number of Forfeited Shares and a number of warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock equal to the number of Forfeited Warrants. As of February 9, 2024, there are no further obligations under the Non-Redemption Agreement and the agreement is terminated.

Amendments to Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement

Prior to the Closing, AtlasClear and AltasClear Holdings entered into two amendments to the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement with Wilson-Davis and the then-owners of Wilson-Davis (the “Wilson-Davis Sellers”), Amendment No. 8 dated January 9, 2024 (“Amendment No. 8”) and Amendment No. 9 dated February 7, 2024 (“Amendment No. 9” and, together with Amendment No. 8, the “Amendments”). Among other things, the Amendments reduced the total purchase price payable under the Broker- Dealer Acquisition Agreement by $5 million and reduced the cash payable at the Wilson-Davis Closing as part of the purchase price to $8 million, with the balance of the purchase price paid in the form of convertible promissory notes issued by AtlasClear to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, as follows: (i) $5,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 90 days after the Closing Date (the “Short-Term Notes”) and (ii) $7,971,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 24 months after the Closing Date (the “Long-Term Notes” and, together with the Short-Term Notes, the “Seller Notes”). The Short-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 9% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time during the continuance of an event of default, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion. The Long-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 13% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, in cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time commencing six months after the Closing Date, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion (or 85% if an event of default occurs and is continuing). The first quarterly interest payments on the Seller Notes were paid on April 8, 2024 in the form of an aggregate of 145,210 shares of Common Stock.

For more information about the Amendments to Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement, see Note 11 (Subsequent Events).

Convertible Note Financing

On February 9, 2024, AtlasClear Holdings and Quantum entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Funicular Purchase Agreement”) with Funicular, pursuant to which AtlasClear Holdings sold and issued to Funicular, on that date, a secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $6,000,000 for a purchase price of $6,000,000, in a private placement (the “Note Financing”). The proceeds raised in the Note Financing were used to pay a portion of the purchase price paid at Closing to the Wilson-Davis sellers. The Funicular Note has a stated maturity date of November 9, 2025. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to 12.5%, and is payable semi-annually on each June 30 and December 31. On each interest payment date, the accrued and unpaid interest shall, at the election of the Company in its sole discretion, be either paid in cash or paid in-kind by increasing the principal amount of the Funicular Note. In the event of an Event of Default (as defined in the Funicular Note), in addition to Funicular’s other rights and remedies, the interest rate would increase to 20% per annum. The Funicular Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $10.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to adjustment monthly to a price equal to the trailing five-day VWAP, subject to a floor of $2.00 per share (provided that if the Company sells stock at an effective price below $2.00 per share, such floor would be reduced to such effective price), and is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like. The Company has the right to redeem the Funicular Note upon 30 days’ notice after the earlier of August 7, 2024 and the effectiveness of the Registration Statement (as defined in the Funicular Note), and Funicular would have the right to require the Company to redeem the Note in connection with a Change of Control (as defined in the Note), in each case for a price equal to 101% of the outstanding principal amount of the Note plus accrued and unpaid interest.

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For more information about the Note Financing, see Note 11 (Subsequent Events).

Expense Settlements

In connection with the Closing, AtlasClear Holdings and Chardan agreed that the fee, in the amount of $7,043,750, payable by Quantum to Chardan upon the Closing pursuant to the terms of the business combination marketing agreement entered into in connection with Quantum’s IPO, would be waived in exchange for the issuance by AtlasClear Holdings to Chardan of a convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $4,150,000. The Chardan Note was issued by AtlasClear Holdings at the Closing. The Chardan Note has a stated maturity date of February 9, 2028. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to 13%, and is payable quarterly on the first day of each calendar quarter. On each interest payment date, the accrued and unpaid interest shall, at the election of AtlasClear Holdings, be either paid in cash or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, in shares of Common Stock, at a rate equal to 85% of the VWAP for the trading day immediately prior to the applicable interest payment date. The Chardan Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at a conversion price equal to 90% of the VWAP of the Common Stock for the trading day immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. In addition, on each conversion date AtlasClear Holdings is required to pay to Chardan in cash (or, at AtlasClear Holdings’s option and subject to certain conditions, a combination of cash and Common Stock) all accrued interest on the Chardan Note and all interest that would otherwise accrue on the amount of the Note being converted if such converted amount would be held to three years after the applicable conversion date. The first quarterly interest payment due on the Chardan Note has not been paid as of the date of this filing.

On March 22, 2024, Quantum Ventures filed a statement of claim with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Dispute Resolution Services against Chardan. In light of the pending arbitration, the Company has determined that it will not register any unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock issuable pursuant to the Chardan Note on any resale registration statement on Form S-1 that the Company files with the SEC until the foregoing matter is resolved.

Also in connection with the Closing, AtlasClear Holdings agreed to settle certain accrued expenses and other obligations to certain parties through the issuance of shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to such arrangements, on February 9, 2024, AtlasClear Holdings issued an aggregate of 2,201,010 shares of Common Stock in settlement of obligations in the aggregate amount of $5,448,933, including the issuance of 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock to Qvent, LLC, an affiliate of Quantum Ventures, in settlement of an aggregate of $4,633,833 advanced to Quantum through the Closing Date. Additionally, on the Closing Date, AtlasClear Holdings issued notes to settle other expenses of Quantum in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $3.3 million, some of which are convertible into shares of Common Stock.

For more information about the Chardan Note and additional expense settlements, see Note 11 (Subsequent Events).

Results of Operations

We had neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues through December 31, 2023. Our only activities through December 31, 2023, were organizational activities, the IPO, which is described below, and subsequent to the IPO, identifying a target company for, and completing, a business combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our business combination. We generate non-operating income in the form of income on marketable securities held in the trust account and change in fair value of derivative liabilities. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had net income of $794,950, which consists of income earned on marketable securities held in trust account of $3,090,086, net gain on settlement of $829,853, change in fair value of non-redemption agreement liability of $439,787 and interest income from bank of $22,195, partially offset by change in fair value of warrant liability of $123,062, operating costs of $2,737,871 and provision for income taxes of $726,038.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had a net income of $11,045,567, which consists of income earned on marketable securities held in trust account of $3,087,315, change in fair value of PIPE derivative liability of $4,566,000 and change in fair value of warrant liability of $6,953,336, partially offset by operating costs of $3,024,231 and provision for income taxes of $536,853.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On February 9, 2021, we consummated our IPO of 17,500,000 units, each unit consisting of one share of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and one warrant to purchase one-half of one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50, at $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $175,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of our IPO, we consummated the sale of 5,562,500 Private Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Warrant in a private placement to Quantum Ventures and Chardan Quantum LLC (the “Co-Sponsors”), generating gross proceeds of $5,562,500.

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On February 12, 2021, in connection with the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option in full, we consummated the sale of an additional 2,625,000 units at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating total gross proceeds of $26,250,000. In addition, we consummated the sale of an additional 590,625 Private Warrants at $1.00 per Private Warrant, generating gross proceeds of $590,625.

Following the IPO, the full exercise of the over-allotment option, and the sale of the Private Warrants, a total of $201,250,000 was placed in the trust account. We incurred $5,017,526 in IPO related costs, including $4,528,125 of underwriting fees and $489,401 of other costs.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $1,819,835. Net income of $794,950 was affected by income earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $3,090,086, change in fair value of warrant liability of $123,062, and change in fair value of non-redemption agreement liability of $439,787. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $791,193 of cash for operating activities, primarily due to an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $1,084,259. Net income of $11,045,567 was affected by income earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $3,087,315, change in fair value of PIPE derivative liability of $4,566,000 and the change in fair value of warrant liability of $6,953,336. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $2,476,825 of cash for operating activities, primarily due to an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

As of December 31, 2023, we had marketable securities of $54,799,478 (including $2,445,638 of income, net of amounts withdrawn to pay taxes) held in the trust account, invested in U.S. government treasury bills, notes or bonds having a maturity of 185 days or less and/or (ii) in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act, as determined by us. Investment income on the balance in the trust account may be used by us to pay taxes, and dissolution expenses up to $100,000. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we withdrew an amount of $1,374,898 in income earned from the Trust Account.

As of December 31, 2023, we had cash of $619,554 in our operating bank accounts ($619,554 of which is required to be used to pay taxes, as described below), $54,799,478 in marketable securities held in the Trust Account to be used for a Business Combination or to repurchase or redeem stock in connection therewith and working capital deficit of $11,386,299. As of December 31, 2023, $2,445,638 of the amount on deposit in the Trust Account represented income on marketable securities which is available to the Company to pay franchise and income taxes.

In October 2021, Quantum Ventures committed to provide us up to $2,000,000 in working capital loans. In February 2022, Quantum Ventures committed to provide us up to an additional $1,000,000 for a total of $3,000,000 in working capital loans (the “Working Capital Loans”). Refer to Note 5 of our financial statements. On March 14, 2022, we issued an unsecured promissory note, effective as of January 3, 2022, in the amount of up to $480,000 to Quantum Ventures evidencing the Working Capital Loans. The note bears no interest and is payable in full upon the earlier (i) February 9, 2023 and (ii) the effective date of the consummation of our initial business combination. The note is past due and will be settled upon consummation of our initial business combination. The note is required to be repaid in cash at the Closing and is not convertible into Private Warrants. As of December 31, 2023, a principal balance of $480,000 has been advanced. The promissory note was past due as of December 31, 2023 and on February 9, 2024, during the Closing of the Business Combination, the unsecured promissory note was settled (see Note 10.) Refer to Note 5 of our financial statements. As of December 31, 2023, a principal balance of $480,000 had been advanced to Quantum. Through April 16, 2024, the Co-Sponsors had advanced an aggregate total of $3,116,097 to Quantum.

In connection with Quantum’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 205-40, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern,” the liquidity of Quantum raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern through the twelve months following the issuance of the financial statements. If Quantum is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations and reducing overhead expenses. Quantum cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2023.

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Contractual Obligations

We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities other than an agreement to pay Quantum Ventures a monthly fee of $10,000 for office space, utilities and secretarial support. We began incurring these fees on February 4, 2021. We cancelled this agreement effective May 9, 2023.

We engaged Chardan as an advisor in connection with a business combination to assist us in holding meetings with our stockholders to discuss the potential business combination and the target business’s attributes, introduce us to potential investors that are interested in purchasing our securities in connection with the potential business combination, assist us in obtaining stockholder approval for the business combination and assist us with our press releases and public filings in connection with the business combination. We agreed to pay Chardan a marketing fee for such services upon the consummation of our initial business combination in an amount equal to, 7,043,750, or 3.5% of the gross proceeds of the initial public offering, including the proceeds from the full exercise of the over-allotment option. On February 9, 2024, upon the Closing of the Business Combination, the $7,043,750 fee was waived in exchange for the issuance by AtlasClear Holdings to Chardan of the Chardan Note, as discussed above.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Derivative Liabilities

We account for derivative instruments as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the derivative instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the derivative instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the derivative instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the derivative instruments are indexed to our own Common Stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants and the PIPE derivatives are outstanding. We have concluded that the public warrants should be classified as equity instruments, and the PIPE derivatives and the Private Warrants should be classified as liability instruments.

For issued or modified derivatives that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the derivatives are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified derivatives that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the derivatives are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the derivatives are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

We account for our Common Stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC 480. Common Stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable Common Stock (including Common Stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, Common Stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. Our Common Stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of our control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, all shares of Common Stock subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ deficit section of our consolidated balance sheets.

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Net Income Per Common Share

Net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Common Stock is excluded from income per common share as the redemption value approximates fair value.

Recent Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 – Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). This update requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. Since June 2016, the FASB issued clarifying updates to the new standard including changing the effective date for smaller reporting companies. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have an impact on its financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which will require the Company to disclose specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 will also require the Company to disaggregate its income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for significant individual jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 will become effective for Annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is still reviewing the impact of ASU 2023-09.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF WILSON-DAVIS

References in this section of the prospectus to “we,” “us,” “Wilson-Davis” or the “Company” refer to Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc., a Utah corporation. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. You should read the following discussion together with the section entitled “Risk Factors” and the audited financial statements, including the related notes, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. All references to years, unless otherwise noted, refer to our fiscal years, which end on June 30.

Overview

Wilson-Davis is a self-clearing correspondent securities broker-dealer registered with the SEC, licensed in 43 states and territories, and a member in good standing of FINRA. Wilson-Davis has operated continuously since it was incorporated as a Utah corporation and obtained its license in December 1968.

Wilson-Davis derives revenue principally from commissions charged on the liquidation of restricted and control microcap securities, vetting, and clearing service fees charged to introducing brokers for which Wilson-Davis clears transactions on a fully disclosed basis, and other financial service fees. Commissions are earned by executing transactions for customers. Vetting fee revenues are earned when Wilson-Davis vets stock the customers want to bring into their accounts. Clearing fees are earned by clearing transactions for Glendale Securities, as introducing broker on a fully disclosed basis, pursuant to a clearing agreement with Glendale Securities.

Key Factors Impacting Wilson-Davis’ Business

Wilson-Davis’ business and results of operations have been, and will continue to be, affected by numerous factors and trends, which Wilson-Davis believes include those discussed below and in the section titled “Risk Factors” appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.

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Liquidity. As a clearing broker-dealer in the U.S., Wilson-Davis is subject to cash deposit requirements with clearing organizations, brokers, and banks that may be large in relation to its total liquid assets.

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Growth of Customer Base. Wilson-Davis’ growth requires continued use of its services by new customers.

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Expanding Wilson-Davis’ Relationship with Existing Customers. Wilson-Davis’ ability to expand its relationship with its existing customers will be an important contributor to its long-term growth.

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Market Trends. As financial markets grow and contract, Wilson-Davis’ customers’ behaviors are affected. Wilson-Davis’ recent revenue and profitability have been adversely affected by the general downturn in the securities markets since early 2022, resulting from increasing inflation, increasing interest rates, the lingering economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions and other factors.

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Macroeconomic Events. Customer behavior is impacted by the overall macroeconomic environment, which is influenced by elements beyond Wilson-Davis’ control, including economic and political conditions, inflation, tax rates, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the military conflict in Ukraine, and natural disasters.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash used in operating activities for the six months ended December 31, 2023, was $6,831,017, as compared to $13,793,082 of cash used by operating activities for the six months ended December 31, 2022. The decrease from the prior period was primarily due to substantially reduced revenues and profitability.

Cash used in investing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2023, was $0 compared to $0 compared to the six months ended December 31, 2023.

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Cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2023, was $1,300,000 compared to $41,000 used in financing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2022.

As a result of the foregoing, during the six months ended December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis reported a net decrease in cash and restricted cash of $5,531,017, as compared to the prior period.

Wilson-Davis believes that its working capital together with expected operating profit, will provide the liquidity it requires for the next 12 months of its operation. Wilson-Davis was required to meet new regulatory requirements effective October 26, 2023 that it have at least $10 million in excess net capital to clear securities transactions on a fully disclosed basis for other firms. To provide the additional capital needed, Wilson-Davis, and investors, including the owners of Wilson-Davis and Mr. Schaible, funded $1,300,000 in subordinated demand notes in October 2023. The notes are expected to mature in October 2024 and have an interest rate of 5% per annum, payable quarterly.

The actual amounts of Wilson-Davis’ liquidity and capital requirements depend on the level of its future activities, which in turn depend on prevailing conditions in the securities markets, all of which are outside Wilson-Davis’ ability to influence or control. In addition, significant expansion of its activities to implement its fully paid stock lending or margin account offerings could require additional capital. Furthermore, changes to applicable regulations or governing interpretations could alter Wilson-Davis’ net capital or liquidity requirements.

Wilson-Davis’ capital includes $1,950,000 in proceeds from several subordinated loans payable to current officers and directors of Wilson-Davis and Mr. Shaible. The original agreements renew annually and provide for interest at 5% per annum. The loan principal and interest are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to all claims of present and future creditors of Wilson-Davis. Wilson-Davis plans to seek FINRA consent to repay all subordinated loans. The terms of the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement require repayment of these subordinated loans, as well as any additional subordinated loans that may be funded to meet new increased excess net capital requirements applicable October 26, 2023, at closing. The surviving corporation after the Business Combination will be responsible for funding Wilson-Davis. Accordingly, repayment of the subordinated loans would not adversely affect ongoing operations but would increase the amount of external funding required to be provided by the surviving corporation to meet higher National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) excess net capital requirements by October 26, 2023.

In addition to capital of $250,000 currently required to meet regulatory requirements, Wilson-Davis requires liquidity to fund day-to-day activities associated with executing securities transactions for its own customers as well as for the customers of its clearing correspondents. The amount of liquidity required generally is affected by the aggregate dollar volume of open securities transactions that Wilson-Davis submits to the NSCC. Currently the amount of Wilson-Davis’ liquidity exceeds amounts required at NSCC for operations at current transaction levels.

Line of Credit

Wilson-Davis has a $10,000,000 revolving line of credit with BMO Harris Bank N.A. The interest rate is determined at the time of borrowing as agreed by Wilson-Davis and the bank. The line of credit currently provides for interest at the bank’s overnight rate plus 1.5% and is secured by Wilson-Davis’ assets. In addition, the line of credit carries an interest rate of 0.5% on its unused portion. The line of credit agreement requires Wilson-Davis to maintain line of credit collateral with value, as determined by the bank, in an amount at least equal to a percentage of the loan amount as specified by the bank. Advances on the line of credit are payable on demand. The entire amount of this credit facility is available to be drawn and used to meet Wilson-Davis’ liquidity requirements for NSCC clearing margin deposits. Wilson-Davis did not draw on its line of credit during the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Wilson-Davis was in compliance with all financial covenants contained in its revolving line of credit agreement.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the SEC did not, or are not believed by management to, have a material impact on Wilson-Davis’ present or future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Wilson-Davis has reviewed all other recently issued, but not yet adopted, accounting standards to determine their effects, if any, on Wilson-Davis’ consolidated results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. Based on that review, Wilson-Davis believes that none of these pronouncements will have a significant effect on current or future earnings or operations.

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Critical Accounting Policies

A summary of Wilson-Davis’ significant accounting policies is included in Note 1 of its audited financial statements contained in this prospectus/proxy statement. Wilson-Davis believes the application of these accounting policies on a consistent basis enables it to provide financial statement users with useful, reliable, and timely information about Wilson-Davis’ earnings results, financial condition, and cash flows.

Critical accounting policies are those that require a company to make significant judgments, estimates or assumptions that affect amounts reported in its consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto. Wilson-Davis bases its judgments, estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable and prudent. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. At present Wilson-Davis does not have any critical accounting policies that require critical management judgments and estimates about matters that may be uncertain.

Results of Operations

During the six months ended December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis executed 6,090 trades, as compared to 7,774 trades during the same period in the prior year, which represented a 22% decrease from the prior year. The decrease was attributable to the general decrease in trading activity in the securities markets generally. The decrease in trading volume coupled with the lower dollar amount of the transactions has resulted in decreased revenues during the six months ended December 31, 2023. Wilson-Davis had 6,871 customer accounts as of December 31, 2023, and 6,871 as of December 31, 2022.

Revenues of $3,450,850 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, represent a 19% decrease from revenues of $4,255,015 for the same period in 2022. The decrease was the result of market volatility and recession fears. The main component of this revenue decline was attributable to the reduction in commission revenue to $2,282,098 for the six months ended December 31,2023, from $3,759,392 in the corresponding prior year period because of the general downturn in the securities markets referred to above.

Vetting fees increased to $569,960 for the six months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $321,356 for the six months ended December 31, 2022 due to an increase in securities being vetted.

Clearing fees increased to $244,192 for the six months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $135,053 for the six months ended December 31, 2022 due to an increase in fees charged to Glendale Securities.

Net gain on firm trading accounts increased to $19,195 for the six months ended December 31, 2023 compared to a ($15,066) loss for the six months ended December 31, 2022.

Wilson-Davis created a fees charged to customers line item in 2023 to further break out revenues. The result is an increase of $326,170 when compared to the prior year. Wilson-Davis charges fees to its customers for postage, bank wires, ACATS, and clearing and transfer agent costs.

Other income increased to $9,235 for the six months ended December 31, 2023 when compared to $54,280 for the six months ended December 31, 2022.

Expenses of $4,859,928 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, represent a 1% decrease from expenses of $4,925,323 for the same period in 2022.

Compensation, payroll taxes and benefits decreased to $2,172,873 for the six months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $2,908,599 in the prior year. The decrease of 25% was largely driven by the decrease in commission revenues.

Data processing and clearing costs increased to $1,065,580 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $928,599 during the prior year. The 15% increase was due to an increase in fees charged by Wilson-Davis’ trading software provider.

Regulatory, professional fees and related expenses increased to $701,425 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $540,561 in the prior year. The increase was due to an increase in legal fees due to the pending acquisition.

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Other expenses, which includes: Communications, Occupancy and equipment, Transfer fees, Bank charges and Other, increased to $920,050 for the six months ended December 31, 2023 when compared to $547,564 for the prior year. The increase was due to bad debt expenses.

Loss from operations was ($1,409,078) for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to a loss of ($670,308) in the six months ended December 31, 2022.

Other income of $1,036,570 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, represents a 140% increase from $432,780 when compared to the prior year. The increased interest rates resulted in an increase in interest income and an offsetting increase in interest expense. Wilson-Davis obtained a $10,000,000 line of credit through its financial institution in the fall of 2021. The line of credit carries a 0.5% interest rate for nonuse. Wilson-Davis did not draw on its line of credit during the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The foregoing factors resulted in net loss of $276,508 for the quarters ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $175,528 in net loss for the corresponding period in the prior year.

Wilson-Davis principally relies on its net capital to provide the liquidity needed to sustain operations.

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INFORMATION ABOUT ATLASCLEAR HOLDINGS

BUSINESS OF ATLASCLEAR HOLDINGS

Our goal is to build a cutting-edge technology enabled financial services firm that would create a more efficient platform for trading, clearing, settlement and banking, with evolving and innovative financial products that focus on financial services firms. We are a fintech driven business-to-business platform that expects to power innovation in fintech, investing, and trading. We believe we are positioned to provide a modern, mission-critical suite of solutions to our clients, enabling them to reduce their transactions costs and compete more effectively in their businesses.

Through the acquisition of Wilson-Davis, a correspondent clearing company, and our anticipated acquisition of Commercial Bancorp, a federal reserve member, we expect to acquire the capabilities to provide specialized clearing and banking services to financial services firms, with an emphasis on global markets currently underserviced by larger vendors. Once properly integrated, anticipated synergies between Commercial Bancorp and Wilson-Davis are expected to allow for lower cost of capital, higher net interest margins, expanded product development and greater credit extension.

In addition, we believe the AtlasClear Platform that we are currently developing and integrating following the acquisition of the Pacsquare Assets and the Fintech Assets (as described below) are cutting-edge, flexible and scalable. Unlike other companies that are beholden to legacy technology stacks, that may struggle to keep pace with rapidly evolving client and customer expectations in an ever-increasing digital world, we believe our platform is modern, nimble and unencumbered.

Our team is comprised of experienced fintech innovators - a characteristic that we expect will drive our corporate culture.

Prior to the Business Combination, none of AtlasClear, Wilson-Davis, Commercial Bancorp or Quantum were managed on a combined basis with each other and have each historically operated independently. The future success of the Business Combination, including its anticipated benefits, depends, in part, on our ability to optimize our combined operations, which may be a complex, costly and time-consuming process. We cannot assure you that the Commercial Bancorp acquisition will be consummated or that the anticipated synergies and benefits of any of the foregoing acquisitions will be realized by the Company.

Business Opportunity

Technology has opened up financial services to new users and changed expectations for customers of legacy financial services firms. Both expect a modern and frictionless financial services experience that we beleive AtlasClear Holdings is well positioned to deliver.

Once integrated, we believe our technology platform and specialized clearing and banking services will be mission-critical to our clients, given the complexities of investing infrastructure, the complications around collateral and capital requirements, and the complicated regulatory landscape. We expect to benefit as new fintech firms launch and existing firms scale, potentially outpacing legacy financial firms in their own categories.

We believe consumer expectations for a one-stop shop for their investing, banking, spending, insurance and borrowing needs is driving the convergence of financial services. As a result, financial companies that traditionally operated as single-product specialists (e.g., savings-focused platform, lending-focused platform) are now seeking to integrate trading and investing capabilities into their broader offering. Further, we anticipate increased interest from non-financial services firms (e.g., consumer retail firms) in leveraging their brand and customer reach to offer financial services as a means to drive incremental revenue and customer engagement. We believe AtlasClear Holdings is well positioned to provide the “investing-as-a-service” platform these firms require to develop such offerings.

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In addition, we believe incumbents in the wealth ecosystem, such as traditional wealth advisors, are trying to modernize their investment management offerings and better meet the digital demands of their existing end customer and potential customers. Following our acquisitions, we believe we have the technology stack to provide such solutions and help automate their legacy infrastructure and eliminate their existing paper-based processes.

Our Growth Strategy

Our growth strategy includes:

Growing our base of clients organically and through channel partners

We believe that attracting and acquiring new clients will be a key growth driver for our combined business. Looking ahead, our technology platforms, combined with the rapidly accelerating demand for cost efficiencies - are expected to drive growth in our prospective client base. For new market entrants, we believe the efficiencies of our prospective turnkey solutions, and speed at which we expect to be able to bring a client’s offering to market will position us to win new clients. With respect to the traditional wealth advisor landscape, we expect to be a beneficiary of clients seeking to transition to a new provider that can offer the digital-focused solutions required to compete in the rapidly changing environment.

Growing our clients’ revenue

We believe we will succeed when our clients succeed. The more assets, services or transactions that customers direct through our prospective platform, the more revenue we and our clients would be able to generate. Through innovation, we also expect to enhance our product offerings and add more products, capabilities, and functionality for our clients, which in turn should allow such clients to drive growth in their business. We expect to provide the tools to streamline the complex aspects of custody clearing and banking to empower our clients to focus on attracting new end customers as well as growing their share of revenue from existing ones.

Pursuing potential international expansion opportunities

While we expect our operations will initially be U.S.-focused, we see opportunity to grow our business and total addressable market by expanding into international markets. As we assess international opportunities, we believe our core competencies and operational excellence position us well to win in new markets, many of which are experiencing secular tailwinds similar to what we are seeing in the U.S. (e.g., growth of mobile and digital solutions). Initially, we plan to focus on serving international clients seeking to access U.S. markets.

Identifying and executing strategic acquisitions

We expect to selectively pursue acquisitions that we believe will create value for our shareholders. We plan to evaluate acquisition opportunities based on a number of strategic parameters, including their ability to (i) enhance our product capabilities, (ii) broaden our client reach, (iii) drive further scale, (iv) increase our presence in new geographies, and (v) generate attractive financial returns. We also plan to weigh the potential benefits from an acquisition against other alternatives, such as building similar capabilities in-house or partnering with third parties.

Our Product Offerings

We offer clients the flexibility to choose from a variety of pre-built suites that serve a wide range of business models. For example, clients who do not wish to build a complete user interface will be able to opt for our white label solutions. Once fully integrated, we expect to be a turnkey brokerage solution, offering highly configurable front office functions for launching and running investing applications. This offering “extends” beyond our “back” and “middle” office roots into direct customer facing experience. We expect that customers that choose our white label solutions will also be able to take advantage of our “middle” and “back” office offerings to ensure smooth processes around risk management, profit and loss, and account maintenance.

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Back and Middle Office Solutions

Our full technology stack is expected to automate “back office” and “middle office” processes that were typically manual paper-based process, creating a seamless and unified experience for our clients. Typically, new financial services firms or advisors would need to individually source multiple middle and back office solutions from multiple vendors. By partnering with us, we believe our clients will get a seamless and unified middle and back-office experience that is based on the technology we expect to acquire.

We offer a range of technical services that we believe will support the mission-critical functions needed to run a modern financial services company. We believe this self-service platform will provide clients with the operational online tools they need, including:

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Trading: Flexible suite of APIs enabling clients to execute across several major asset classes

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Lending: Integrated and automated margin lending and fully paid stock lending program. Previously only available to the largest firms, professional investors, and wealthiest shareholders, we believe AtlasClear Holdings will expand the availability of fully paid stock lending (and its income generating interest).

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Portfolios: APIs allowing clients to build portfolio models, assign them to accounts and automate rebalancing trade proposal generation, including straight through processing of order execution and trade allocation to maximize operational efficiency. We believe these are essential tools for financial advisors, as well as robo-advisor platforms for do-it-yourself investors.

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Accounts: Everything clients need to open, authenticate, qualify, approve, onboard and maintain accounts including in-line investor verification, applicant verification, risk and compliance management, suitability requirements, paperless enrollments, and account preference configurations.

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Cash: APIs to streamline cash movements in every direction, including ACH and wire transactions, recurring scheduled transfers, authorizing and managing bank linkages and more. We believe efficiency and scale are achieved by aggregation and net settlement workflows for real time transfers of cash with banking partners.

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Transfers: APIs to streamline, initiate, manage and report on Automated Customer Account Transfer Service account transfers. Provides transparency and controls to enable specific user business requirements. We believe this will be a critical onboarding capability for AtlasClear Holdings clients to bring on high quality customers who hold assets elsewhere.

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Regulations: We expect to provide consolidated oversight and services for relevant regulations applicable to brokerage and investment services. These laws, rules, regulations and requirements are ever-changing and include back-end compliance processes and regulatory requirements like Consolidated Audit Trail and Order Audit Trail System reporting, compliance with Reg 606 (Best Execution), trade surveillance and anti-money laundering rules. This is an often-underestimated burden for fintech disruptors.

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Communications: Everything that allows clients to manage and distribute end investor communications including electronic delivery of trade confirmations, statements, tax reporting and more.

FinTech Assets

Pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. contributed to AtlasClear all their rights, title and interest to the following software products and intellectual property assets upon the Closing (the “FinTech Assets”):

AtlasFX and Rubicon

AtlasFX is an order management system and trading application (front-end) for the automated management of currency exchange. AtlasFX can been deployed to act as a front-office for the execution of trading. The application requires interface with the Rubicon FX system, to send and receive market quotes and executed transactions, and another interface with the back-office system, for the registration of transactions, positions, debits and credits. No customers currently utilize the Atlas FX and Rubicon FX systems. Following the Closing, however, the number of customers which are expected to utilize the Atlas FX and Rubicon FX systems is projected to increase from 6 in Year 1 to up to 30 in Year 5.

Direct Trading Application

AtlasFX can be used in conjunction with other technology, to offer a trading application directly to its customers to execute and process foreign exchange transactions while processing the clearing and settlement of those transactions. An institution can use the Rubicon FX system to send market quotes to clients, and receive them in the AtlasFX application, where clients can execute their currency exchange and settlement operations in the main world currencies. The technology is expected to provide the client with the possibility of executing most types of transactions, deliverable and non-deliverable, in the main global currencies and liquidating them in the market.

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Clearing and Settlement

AtlasFX can also be used in conjunction with other technology, to offer clearing and settlement technology to its clients’ clients. In other words, an institution would offer a white labeled trading platform to its clients so that they can benefit from a high-level, highly scalable and transparent currency exchange and clearing business execution platform. We believe a white labelled product would allow the institution to expand its business, volume and profitability in the clearing and settlement operations, since the liquidity and flow of orders can be routed through the Rubicon FX proprietary system and ultimately to the institution’s back- office system. In other words, we anticipate that the AtlasFX application would allow an institution to offer a value-added tool to its clients which routes transactions through its own trading platform, generating income for the institution at each stage of the life cycle — analysis, trading, clearing and settlement.

Risk Management

AtlasFX is also a risk management, margin, and back-office control system where an institution has the ability to control client exposure to different markets and its own credit limitations.

Rubicon FX’s Risk Management Monitor is used by banks to manage collateral and trading risk via mark-to-market pricing. It monitors Client Throttles, Street Exposure Monitor, Liquidity Provider Rejection Monitor, Internalized Exposure Monitor, Internalized P&L Monitor, Client Exposure Monitor, Client P&L Monitor, Strategy Server, and Fast Mode Service. Client Throttle is a safety monitor controlling trading activity from all clients including internal activity that stops trading and notifies operators if a predefined threshold is reached. Client Throttles thresholds include max daily volume, max street exposure, max internalized exposure, max pending street orders number, and max pending street orders exposure. Street Exposure Monitor is used to intercept all orders going outside the system and calculates buy/sell daily volumes and street exposure for every client, including internal activity. Internalized Exposure Monitor and Client Exposure Monitor notify operators if internalized or client exposures exceed configured thresholds. Internalized P&L Monitor and Client P&L Monitor are used to send alarms when internalized or client P&L, floating P&L, or change in P&L exceeds configured thresholds. Fast Mode Service controls 16 spreads during news releases. It is backed up by a calendar table in the database that defines when widening starts, when it ends, the spread shifts either global or per client, and some additional options to control execution and risk during high-impacting events or news releases around the world.

Rubicon FX Middle Office Services

An institution can deploy Rubicon FX to act as the middle-office for its foreign exchange clearing and settlement business. The system manages, and controls quotes offered to customers in real time. In addition, Rubicon FX administers the rest orders created by clients and processes the pairing of them. Liquidity groups and trade groups can also be managed with the Rubicon FX system. Finally, AtlasClear’s risk, credit and margin managers may use Rubicon FX, in conjunction with other systems and technology, to manage and monitor the exposure, risk, credit and margin used by each client.

SURFACExchange

Atlas FinTech acquired the SURFACExchange technology assets (“SE”) in December 2013, including the rights to operate its exchange. Currently, SE is not operational. SE is designed with the intent to be a fully electronic, completely anonymous central limit order book for foreign exchange (“FX”) options for institutional clients. SE was created with the goal of empowering a marketplace and making trading of FX options more efficient and accessible to its customers. Prior to Atlas FinTech’s acquisition of SE, more than $15 million had been invested in the development of SE technology’s. We believe SE can provide a fully electronic, anonymous, multi-lateral trading platform for over the counter (OTC) FX trading (spot and options), from order creation through settlement. Specially designed for institutional traders, all stages of the option life cycle are expected to be handled electronically including expiration. We anticipate that a market participant may access the liquidity on SE and trade with any other market participant on the platform. The platform’s use of a central clearing model is expected to help facilitate anonymity.

Importantly, the SE technology platform is modular, which is expected to allow institutions to leverage different modules of the platform in different businesses with minimal customization. SE is also expected to support real-time credit management.

While an investment has already been made in developing SE, the technology requires further development and investment before it can be deployed profitably in the market. We cannot assure you that we would have sufficient funds following the Closing, or even if we had sufficient funds, that we would be able to successfully develop the SE technology to a point that it can be profitably deployed in the market.

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BondQuantum

Atlas FinTech also owns BondQuantum which was fully developed by Atlas FinTech. BondQuantum is a real time advance analytical program for the analysis of bonds. The system was designed to improve the accuracy of underwriting fixed income instruments by applying an up to the minute credit rating for fixed income securities. It utilizes multiple sources of data underlying a bond to calculate a risk rating.

Pacsquare Assets

Pacsquare is a fintech-focused company which provides a suite of technologies aimed at enhancing the fintech ecosystem and making it easier for businesses to accelerate their business growth.

Pacsquare offers proprietary trading applications including real time trading applications which includes options up to Level 6, digital account opening, AML risk assessment verification and the ability to customize customer and broker dealer experience including risk management and compliance. Pacsquare’s architecture is Microservices and infrastructure is cloud based. Microservices provides high modularity, fault isolation, threat isolation and maximum flexibility for future changes. Cloud provides scalability, geographic redundancy, security and cutting edge technologies. Pursuant to the transactions contemplated by a letter of intent, on February 16, 2024, AtlasClear and Pacsquare entered into a Source Code Purchase Agreement and Master Services Agreement (the “Pacsquare Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which AtlasClear purchased a proprietary trading platform with clearing and settlement capabilities that will be developed by Pacsquare, including certain software and source code (the “AtlasClear Platform”).

Pursuant to the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement, Pacsquare agreed to develop and provide, for the exclusive use of AtlasClear and its affiliates, the AtlasClear Platform and any future versions or modifications of the AtlasClear Platform and source code and any other materials necessary in connection with the services to be provided by Pacsquare for a period of six years, commencing on the date of execution of the Pacsquare Acquisition Agreement. After the six-year term, Pacsquare is expected to continue to provide services on terms to be mutually agreed to by Pacsquare and AtlasClear.

Following the Closing, in addition to the AtlasClear Platform, AtlasClear acquired, or will acquire in time, the following technology from Pacsquare: customer accounting; anti-money laundering automation; margin accounting; regulatory compliance; risk management; streetside settlement — fail processing; purchase and sales — contract compare; reorg; dividends; new accounts; margin; mutual funds; tax reporting; cash management — wire, ACH, check; regulatory reporting; stock receipts and transfer; a smart loan module; and reports for all modules. In addition, Pacsquare performs services for AtlasClear, including system modification; product testing; internet specification and installation; training AtlasClear personnel; implementation support; system testing; project control (monitoring) and reporting, as requested by AtlasClear. Pacsquare’s business services to the Company will not include offering to a customer the ability to invest or trade in cryptocurrencies or to participate in any type of staking.

Pacsquare technology uses innovative cloud based multiple thread processing technology which AtlasClear believes will create beneficial efficiencies. Currently, competitive systems utilize main frame technology with single thread processing that runs in a batch environment, requires more time to make changes and are prone to downtime. Pacsquare technology operates in a real time, multiple thread processing environment which limits the down time of the system. Wilson-Davis currently uses Fidelity National Information Services Inc. (“FIS”) for its clearing services, pursuant to an FIS contract which is due to expire on May 2025 but will be extended as needed until the implementation of Pacsquare. It is anticipated that the Pacsquare software applications will be fully tested before implementation and that the Company will provide demonstrations to FINRA before the software applications are put into production.

Upon the delivery, testing and implementation of these modules, we believe the Company will have a real time cloud based trading, clearing and custody solution.

Trading Level 1 Application

This application is expected to offer stock trading and options level 1 trading including real time balances calculations, risk management, trade history view, dash board and market watch list. It will include a separate broker administrative portal to monitor customers and place trades on their behalf. It is also expected to provide the ability to view all customers trades in real time including real time trade blotter. We expect customers will be able to place trades in real time and get real time market data and news including fundamental data. This includes routing trades for both equities and options through an order management system (“OMS”) engine developed for AtlasClear.

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The Pacsquare software application is expected to provide the ability to trade equities, options and fixed income products, as does the current FIS software. Although the Pacsquare software will have the ability to trade fractional equity shares, the Company does not currently anticipate using the fractional trading application in the near future. With respect to the organizational and transactional structure to implement the new trading platform, the Company will utilize the existing organizational and transactional procedures currently in place. It is anticipated that the Pacsquare software applications will be fully tested before implementation and that the Company will provide demonstrations to FINRA before the software applications are put into production.

OLA Digital Online Account Opening

Online Account (“OLA”) will allow customers to open accounts online. This process is expected to allow Wilson-Davis to automate the entire customer on-boarding process while tracking compliance related activities such as customer identity verification, document retention and regulatory reporting. This process typically involves customers filling out an online account application, providing an Electronic Signature, undergoing an identity verification and AML and Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) screenings and finally funding the account.

Options Level 6 — Broker back-office portal

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Broker back-office portals are expected to help facilitate the following for AtlasClear:

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Development and integration of complex options trading.

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Options up to Level 6 including condors, butterflies, spreads and straddle.

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Naked calls and Puts.

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Real time margin calculation and risk management module.

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Development of Web, iOS and Android applications.

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Integration with Clearing Firm and FIS back office. This includes both client and broker portals. Includes routing trades to market makers and exchanges through OMS.

Revenue Sources

We expect to generate revenue through transactional and recurring sources. Transactional revenue is reliant upon customer-driven activity that ultimately results in fees being paid to us. Examples of these are clearing, execution, banking, confirms, and more. Further, we expect to generate recurring revenue streams simply by acting as the custodian of customer assets and customer cash through our anticipated acquisition of Commercial Bancorp. Examples of these are platform minimums, asset-based fees, credit and debit balances, securities lending, statements, and account maintenance. Since all revenue generating activities can be tied back to the account, we believe the best proxy for future revenue is the number of customer accounts on our platform.

AtlasClear Holdings Competition

We believe that through our technology and source code acquisitions discussed herein, we have the capabilities to deliver a complete and modern platform that would give our clients the flexibility, speed, risk-management expertise and scale they need to grow. While several participants offer a subset of our solutions, we do not believe any single competitor has a comparable modern platform or ability to offer a truly frictionless investing, clearing, custody and banking experience, such as we will strive to offer.

Custody and clearing businesses such as Wilson-Davis, which we acquired, and banking businesses such as Commercial Bancorp, which we are in the process of acquiring, are scale-driven businesses with high barriers to entry, including expansive overhead and technology costs, complicated capital and collateral management requirements, and a complex regulatory and legal environment. We believe that legacy providers will not be able to offer our combination of flexibility, speed, execution, and broad asset-class capabilities.

AtlasClear Holdings is led by a seasoned team of industry executives supported by a purpose-built board of directors. Collectively, our leadership team will have over 30 years of combined experience spanning the technology, investing, custody, banking and clearing lifecycles. The team has held leadership and operational roles at firms such ICE, Penson Clearing, Southwest Securities, NexTrade, Anderen Bank, Stonex and The Chicago Board of Trade, among others. Clearing, custody and banking are highly regulated and complex businesses, and we believe that our team’s combined experience, coupled with the technological capabilities we acquired from the Pacsquare Assets and the Fintech Assets provide us an advantage over our competitors.

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Large trust banks as well as large financial firms have historically been the providers of clearing and custody services. We believe their solutions are more limited, more expensive and less responsive for clients because of their legacy technology, analog processes, outdated compliance processes, and less flexible architecture. For clients, this translates to slower account opening and funding, higher embedded costs and limited flexibility.

In contrast to these legacy custodians, we believe that our systems make use of highly virtualized systems operating in a hybrid cloud model using cloud infrastructure as well as private data centers for redundancy.

HISTORICAL BUSINESS OF WILSON-DAVIS

Wilson-Davis is a self-clearing correspondent securities broker-dealer registered with the SEC, licensed in 52 states and territories, and a member in good standing of FINRA. Wilson-Davis has operated continuously since it was incorporated as a Utah corporation and obtained its license in December 1968.

Wilson-Davis is engaged principally in the over-the-counter, or “OTC,” markets in microcap securities. Microcap securities generally are issued by companies with low or “micro” capitalizations, meaning the total market capitalization value of the company’s stock is less than $250 million, which includes low-priced securities, or penny stocks, that trade for less than $5.00 per share and have a market capitalization of less than $50 million. Wilson-Davis also executes transactions in exchange-traded securities. It derives its revenue from the liquidation of restricted and control microcap securities; clearing transactions on behalf of an introducing broker-dealer on a fully disclosed basis; and trading in equity securities for its own account. It receives limited revenues from fully paid stock lending and margin accounts. During its history, Wilson-Davis has underwritten at-the-market offerings for publicly traded companies, placed private offerings, sold mutual funds, introduced margin accounts cleared by other firms on a fully disclosed basis, and provided ancillary financial services.

During the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, revenues from commissions and related vetting fees accounted for approximately 83% and 95% of total revenues, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, 10.3% and 15.8% of revenues, respectively, were attributable to Wilson-Davis’ securities liquidations of private placement and open market purchased securities for U.S. customers in Canadian traded securities in companies engaged in the legal cannabis industry in Canada and other businesses referred by Canaccord Genuity, a global full-service investment banking firm with principal activities in Canada.

Canaccord Genuity serves as an investment banker for the placement of securities eligible for resale after the passage of an applicable holding period or other compliance requirements. Canaccord Genuity executes trades for Wilson-Davis that are not permitted in the United States. Wilson-Davis’ arrangement with Canaccord is to facilitate transactions with Canadian exchanges. The customers that are referred by Canaccord Genuity under a commission sharing arrangement with Wilson-Davis open customer cash accounts with Wilson-Davis and deposit with the firm their securities that are required to be sold in the Canadian securities markets via an omnibus account that Wilson-Davis maintains at a Canadian brokerage firm. Wilson-Davis completes vetting of proposed sales, deposits securities in the omnibus account, and executes the customer orders through the omnibus Canadian account. The transaction thereafter is non-cancelable.

As of December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis had approximately 300 customers referred by Canaccord Genuity with approximately $69 million in securities on deposit in its Wilson-Davis customer accounts. There is no agreement with Canaccord Genuity to continue such referrals. The termination or material reduction in the securities liquidation for customers of Canaccord Genuity would have a material adverse effect on the revenues and results of operation of Wilson-Davis.

Wilson-Davis had approximately 6,656 active customer accounts in the six months ended December 31, 2023, and over 6,871 active customer accounts in the six months ended December 31, 2022.

Wilson-Davis maintains its headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, a branch office in Denver, Colorado, and a branch office in Dallas, Texas. It also has registered representatives who work remotely from California, New York, Arizona, Nevada, Oklahoma, and Florida.

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Securities Liquidations

Wilson-Davis sells into the trading markets securities that have been acquired by customers through registration or in reliance on exemptions from registration under the Securities Act or corresponding provisions of Canadian provincial securities laws. The liquidation process requires depositing the securities in the customer’s account, obtaining detailed information and supporting documentation regarding the details of the customer’s acquisition of the securities, reviewing the customer’s information and supporting documents by Wilson-Davis personnel and outside legal counsel, and if believed appropriate, selling the securities.

Wilson-Davis derives revenues, which it calls vetting fees, from fees charged to customers to deposit the securities, review the material submitted, and determine the propriety of the sale as well as commissions on the securities sales.

Transactions in U.S. traded securities are executed in the OTC or other principal market on which the securities are traded. Transactions in Canadian traded securities are executed through a Canadian dealer and settled through Wilson-Davis’ omnibus account with a Canadian broker-dealer.

Wilson-Davis’ customers predominantly consist of small individual investors or their private family or other closely held entities that frequently and repeatedly purchase securities in private placements.

Clearing Services

As a member of the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, or “DTCC,” and the National Securities Clearing Corporation, or “NSCC,” Wilson-Davis clears securities transactions through these clearing firms. This includes Wilson-Davis’ own transactions and transactions cleared on a fully disclosed basis on behalf of Glendale, as introducing broker. Glendale is an indirect 20% stockholder of Wilson-Davis.

Wilson-Davis generates revenue from the service charges to Glendale for the clearing services provided by Wilson-Davis. Under Wilson-Davis’ clearing agreement with Glendale Securities, Wilson-Davis provides fully disclosed clearing services to Glendale Securities, as introducing broker. Under this agreement, Wilson-Davis (i) executes orders for Glendale customers, (ii) settles contracts and transactions in securities, (iii) prepares and distributes transaction confirmations and monthly account statements to Glendale’s customers, (iv) provides back-office services, (v) creates and maintain books and records of all transactions, and (vi) monitors all customer accounts for AML, Federal Reserve Regulation T violations.

The clearing houses through which Wilson-Davis clears securities transactions, DTCC and NSCC, require margin deposits in amounts determined by them to mitigate the risk to them of potential losses resulting from transactions that fail to clear for one reason or another. To meet these anticipated contingencies, Wilson-Davis maintains a margin deposit at NSCC larger than required. As of December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis’ margin deposit at NSCC was $2.5 million, which was well over the requirement of $569,303. DTCC and NSCC have the authority to, and frequently do, require additional margin deposits that must be deposited on the same business day, otherwise, Wilson-Davis could face liquidation of the clearing position and damages. Wilson-Davis attempts to manage margin call risk exposure by limiting the size of transactions and restricting transactions of securities deemed to be too volatile. However, Wilson-Davis cannot control or predict the nature, amount, or timing of additional NSCC margin calls. Margin deposits are generally released within two business days of the transaction trade date.

From time to time during its history, Wilson-Davis has cleared transactions on behalf of several introducing brokers.

Fully Paid Stock Lending

Eligible customers of Wilson-Davis can lend their fully paid securities to Wilson-Davis, which in turn can lend them to other broker-dealers in the industry. Wilson-Davis derives revenue from the interest spread between the two legs of the transaction. Stock lending was introduced in 2021 and continues only on a limited basis as operating and compliance systems are refined.

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Margin Accounts

Wilson-Davis acts as a fully disclosed introducing broker to customer margin accounts that are maintained at another firm under its requirements. As a companion to the fully paid stock lending, Wilson-Davis began offering its own margin accounts on a limited basis as operating and compliance systems are refined. Under applicable Federal Reserve Regulation T requirements, Wilson-Davis is authorized to extend credit for up to 50% of the cost of new securities purchases. Credit is extended on equities over $5 with average 30-day trading volume of 100,000 shares per day. Margin securities are collateral for the margin loan to the customer. Maintenance of the margin accounts is based on individual securities collateralizing the loan based on the risk tolerance of the firm on each position as determined by senior management. Maintenance requirements generally range from 25% to 60%. Exceptions to the policy may be authorized by senior management. The customer may be required to deposit additional cash or securities collateral if the value of the margin securities fail to meet required amounts. If additional collateral is not deposited as required, Wilson-Davis may liquidate the margin position and hold the customer liable for any deficiency.

Market Making

Wilson-Davis regularly publishes quotations to purchase or sell securities in inter-dealer quotation services and buys and sells securities for its own account, commonly referred to as market making. Wilson-Davis believes that its market making activities principally facilitate obtaining favorable execution terms for the securities liquidation transactions for its customers.

Other

On a limited basis, Wilson-Davis sells mutual funds and real estate investment trusts or “REIT” securities, Wilson-Davis has underwritten at-the-market public offerings of issuers whose securities are publicly traded.

Marketing

Wilson-Davis relies on its industry contacts and customer referrals to market its services.

Strategy

Wilson-Davis’ strategy is to:

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expand its principal securities liquidation activities through retail customer marketing;

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identify and pursue opportunities to provide and securities clearing services to additional broker-dealers, particularly those that deal in micro-cap securities to address needs that Wilson-Davis believes are under-served;

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fully market its recently introduced fully paid stock lending and margin capabilities with existing and potential new customers;

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participate as agent, and not as principal, in selected at-the-market equity offerings and private placements, including expanded REITs and mutual funds; and

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broaden its range of services and products to reactivate historical offerings.

Wilson-Davis Competition

Wilson-Davis encounters intense competition in all aspects of its business and competes for clients directly with many national and regional full service financial services firms, other independent brokerage firms, and other companies offering financial services in the United States, globally, and through the Internet.

Wilson-Davis believes its principal direct competitors consist of other firms that liquidate investment and control securities in microcap stocks. This includes firms that clear their own securities transactions and firms that clear transactions through another firm on a fully disclosed basis. Wilson-Davis believes that the number of broker-dealers that clear transactions in microcap stocks is declining. The level of customer demand for micro-cap securities liquidations reflects the level of private investment in such securities. Wilson-Davis believes that it benefits from its ability to provide clearing services for all kinds of securities.

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Competition among firms that clear microcap stocks may be affected by recently adopted NSCC rules that will require firms clearing for other introducing brokers to maintain at least $10.0 million in excess net capital, beginning October 26, 2023. The failure of any firm, including Wilson-Davis, to maintain excess net capital as required by the new rule may limit access of firms liquidating microcap stocks to clearing services.

Wilson-Davis does not offer a full array of financial services that may be offered by large, diversified financial services firms. Accordingly, Wilson-Davis’ customers typically withdraw proceeds from the liquidation of their securities for other uses, including perhaps deposit with full-service firms. Many of Wilson-Davis’ competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than Wilson-Davis has. Also, many firms offer discount brokerage services and generally effect transactions at substantially lower commission rates on an “execution only” basis, without offering other services such as financial planning, investment recommendations, and research. Moreover, there is substantial commission discounting by full-service brokerage firms competing for institutional and retail brokerage business.

Wilson-Davis believes that a limited number of securities firms liquidate restricted or control microcap stocks. Other firms with greater financial, technical, managerial, and other resources may offer such services, either alone or as adjuncts to other full financial services.

There is significant competition for qualified personnel in the financial services industry. Wilson-Davis’ ability to compete effectively depends on attracting, retaining, and motivating qualified operating and supervisory personnel and other revenue-producing or specialized personnel.

Government Regulation

The securities industry, including Wilson-Davis’ business, is subject to extensive regulation by the SEC, self-regulatory organizations, or “SROs,” such as FINRA, DTCC, and NSCC, state securities regulators, and other governmental regulatory authorities. The primary purpose of these regulations is the protection of customers and the securities markets. The SEC is the federal agency administering and enforcing the federal securities laws. Much of the regulation of broker-dealers, however, has been delegated to the SROs, principally FINRA. FINRA and other SROs adopt rules, subject to approval by the SEC, that govern their members. SROs, particularly FINRA, conduct periodic detailed examinations of member firms’ operations.

Securities firms are also subject to regulation by state securities commissions in the states in which they are registered. Wilson-Davis is registered in 43 states.

The regulations to which broker-dealers are subject cover numerous aspects of the securities industry, including:

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conduct and supervision of operations;

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capital requirements;

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qualifications and licensing of supervisory and other personnel;

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use and protection of customer funds and securities;

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recordkeeping;

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communications with current and prospective customers;

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business practices among broker-dealers; and

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the structure and operation of securities markets.

Changes in rules promulgated by the SEC and by SROs and changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules often directly affect the method of operation and profitability of broker-dealers.

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Regulation Best Interest, among other things, requires broker-dealers to act in the best interest of retail customers when making a recommendation concerning a securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities, and to identify, disclose, and mitigate or eliminate material conflicts of interest arising from financial incentives associated with such recommendations. Although Wilson-Davis, as a matter of policy, does not currently make recommendations concerning a securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities, this rule has imposed new compliance responsibilities and costs, including enhanced disclosures. Wilson-Davis cannot assess the full potential costs or risk of Regulation Best Interest.

Several states have adopted or are considering adopting and implementing laws and regulations that would impose a fiduciary duty on broker-dealers under state law. Laws and regulations resulting from this trend may negatively impact Wilson-Davis’ results of operations and capital requirements and may result in increased legal, compliance, information technology, and other costs, as well as increased legal risks.

The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 contains AML and financial transparency laws and mandates the implementation of various regulations applicable to broker-dealers and other financial services companies. Accordingly, Wilson-Davis generally must have AML procedures in place, implement specialized employee training programs, designate an AML compliance officer, and be subject to periodic audits by an independent party to test the effectiveness of such compliance. Wilson-Davis has established policies, procedures, and systems designed to comply with these regulations.

Under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”), Wilson-Davis is required to: develop and maintain internal AML policies, procedures, and controls; maintain and update customer information and conduct ongoing monitoring of customers to identify and report suspicious transactions; undergo independent testing of its compliance with AML laws; and conduct ongoing AML training of appropriate persons. Wilson-Davis is further required to maintain procedures for the verification of a customer’s identity. Wilson-Davis is also obligated to file confidential suspicious activity reports, or “SARS,” with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, or FinCEN, if it detects evidence of any suspicious transaction relevant to a possible violation of AML laws, in addition to transactions in currency of more than $10,000. SARs may need to be required by individual events or a series of apparently related events. SARs require important information in summary form that is sometimes difficult to assemble reliably or quickly. Wilson-Davis may be subject to adverse regulatory action if it fails to develop or adhere to appropriate policies and procedures, has deficiencies highlighted by the firm’s independent testing, fails to identify and report suspicious transactions, fails to properly verify customer identities, or fails to file SARs in the manner or timeframe required or preferred by regulators.

Further, the regulations relating to AML compliance policies and procedures are subject to revision, supplementation, or evolving interpretations and application, and it can be difficult to predict how regulators will apply regulations to a given risk or situation. The National Defense Authorization Act (“NDAA”) passed by Congress in 2021 included various changes to the AML regulatory regime. For example, the NDAA mandated FinCEN to establish an information exchange platform for financial institutions, law enforcement, and national security agencies to share AML information. FinCEN will also revise customer due diligence standards. In addition, the NDAA expanded the scope of BSA violations and increased penalties for BSA violations. When FinCEN passes the customer due diligence and information sharing rules, Wilson-Davis could incur substantial additional costs in complying with those rules.

Regulation regarding privacy and data protection continues to increase worldwide and is generally driven by the growth of technology and related concerns about the rapid and widespread dissemination and use of information. Wilson-Davis must comply with applicable global, federal, and state information-related laws and regulations, including, for example, those in the United States, such as the 1999 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, SEC Regulation S-P, and the Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1970, as amended.

The SEC and the SROs may conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, suspension, or expulsion of a broker-dealer and its supervisors, officers, or employees. Wilson-Davis and its personnel have been and are subject to various such disciplinary proceedings. See “Legal Proceedings” below.

Net Capital Requirements

Wilson-Davis is required under applicable rules of the SEC and FINRA to maintain net capital of at least $250,000. As of December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis had net capital, computed in accordance with the applicable detailed calculation requirements, of $10.8 million or excess net capital of $10.6 million.

As of December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis’ net capital included $1,950,000 in subordinated loans. Wilson-Davis has not applied to repay these subordinated loans.

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Failure to maintain the required net capital may subject Wilson-Davis to fines, suspension, or expulsion by FINRA, the SEC, and other regulatory bodies and may require its liquidation. There is currently no regulatory requirement to maintain excess net capital. However, as noted above, under recently adopted NSCC rules, effective October 26, 2023, Wilson-Davis must maintain excess net capital of at least $10.0 million to continue to clear securities transactions for any broker-dealer on a fully disclosed basis.

Human Capital Resources

On December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis had 45 full-time and six part-time employees and consultants, consisting of 28 full-time and one part-time registered representatives, or consultants, eight full-time and two part-time operating personnel, and seven executives and supervisors. No employees or consultants are represented by a collective bargaining agreement. Wilson-Davis emphasizes compliance and risk management principles to manage the day-to-day business. In recruiting, training and retaining personnel, Wilson-Davis relies on industry training and competitive compensation. Wilson-Davis considers its relationship with its employees and consultants to be good.

Legal Proceedings

Wilson-Davis is not a party to any material legal proceedings, and no material legal proceedings have been threatened by Wilson-Davis or, to the best of its knowledge, against it, except that in December 2016, FINRA filed a complaint (FINRA Enforcement Matter No. 20120327318) asserting potential violations of several securities laws and regulations. Wilson-Davis denied the allegations and the hearing was held in November 2017. The FINRA panel issued its decision against Wilson-Davis in February 2018. Wilson-Davis was fined $1,170,000 and ordered to disgorge $51,624 for purported improper short sales. Wilson-Davis was fined an additional $300,000 for its purported failure to supervise and implement adequate AML procedures.

Wilson-Davis filed a timely appeal. All sanctions were stayed while the appeal was pending before the FINRA National Adjudicatory Council (“NAC”). The appeal hearing before the NAC occurred in October 2018. On December 27, 2019, NAC issued a ruling that affirmed Wilson-Davis’ liability but reduced the sanctions imposed. Wilson-Davis was fined $350,000 and ordered to disgorge $51,624 for purported improper short sales. Wilson-Davis was fined an additional $750,000 for its purported failure to supervise and implement adequate AML procedures.

Wilson-Davis timely appealed the ruling to the SEC. All sanctions are stayed while the appeal is pending before the SEC. The SEC has not made a ruling in this matter.

Facilities

Our principal executive offices are located at 4030 Henderson Blvd., Suite 712, Tampa, FL 33629 and our phone number is (727) 446 6660. Wilson-Davis’ office is located in Salt Lake City, Utah, with a branch office in Denver, Colorado, and a branch office in Dallas, Texas. Wilson-Davis also has registered representatives who work remotely from California, New York, Arizona, Nevada, Oklahoma, and Florida. Following our contemplated acquisition of Commercial Bancorp, we expect to add its facility in Pine Bluffs, Wyoming.

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MANAGEMENT

Directors and Executive Officers

The board of directors of AtlasClear Holdings (the “Board”) is comprised of the seven directors listed below. Each director will hold office until his or her term expires at the next annual meeting of stockholders in the year following the year of such director’s election or until his or her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his or her term of office.

Name	Age	Position(s)
Directors
Robert McBey	59	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Craig Ridenhour	52	Chief Business Development Officer and Director
John Schaible	53	Chief Strategy Officer and Director
Steven J. Carlson	64	Director
Thomas J. Hammond	66	Director
Sandip I. Patel	57	Director
James Tabacchi	69	Director
Executive Officers
Robert McBey	59	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Richard Barber	75	Chief Financial Officer
John Schaible	53	Chief Strategy Officer and Director Nominee
Craig Ridenhour	52	Chief Business Development Officer and Director
Ilya Bogdanov	56	Chief Technology Officer

Robert G. McBey, 59, has served as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since February 2023. Mr. McBey has worked in the securities industry since 1986 and has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Wilson-Davis since 2021. Before becoming President of our subsidiary, Wilson-Davis, he served as Wilson-Davis’ Chief Administrative Officer beginning in 2018. Since August 2022, he has also served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of our subsidiary, AtlasClear. He was the co-founder and Managing Director of Business Development for Potamus Trading LLC, a Massachusetts broker-dealer specializing in algorithmic trading and dealer services from 2012 to 2017. Earlier, from 2010 to 2012, he served as the Executive Vice President and Head of Clearing Services for Penson Financial Services, a global execution and clearing firm with over $10.0 billion in assets. From 2008 to 2010, Mr. McBey served as the interim CEO of Penson’s Canadian and United Kingdom subsidiaries. From 2002 to 2008, he served as the Chief Operating Officer and Director of Securities Lending for Southwest Securities, Inc., where he previously served as the Senior Vice President, Compliance Officer, and Director of Internal Audit from 1998 to 2000. From 1997 to 1998, Mr. McBey served as the Senior Vice President, Senior Registered Option Principal, and Branch Manager of Principal Financial Securities, Inc. From 1992 to 1997, he served as the Vice President and Manager of Audit and Compliance for Sutro & Company Inc. From 1986 to 1992, he served as an Internal Auditor for Prudential-Bache Securities, Inc. Mr. McBey is graduate of York University in Toronto, Ontario.

Craig Ridenhour, 52, has served as our Chief Business Development Officer and a member of our board since February 2023. Mr. Ridenhour has served as co-founder and Executive Vice President of Business Development for Atlas FinTech, a position that he has held since 2016. Since August 2022, he has also served as Chief Business Development Officer and a director of our subsidiary, AtlasClear. He sits on the board of directors of Atlas FinTech. Mr. Ridenhour is co-founder of AtlasBanc Holdings and EVP of Business Development, a position he has held since 2012.

Mr. Ridenhour has been a licensed representative of Buckman, Buckman & Reid, Inc., a registered broker-dealer, since 2017. Mr. Ridenhour was the Managing Director of Wealth Management for Anderen Capital, a subsidiary of Anderen Financial, a FDIC-chartered financial institution and bank holding company regulated by the Federal Reserve Board, respectively, from 2008 until the acquisition of Anderen by First United Bank in 2012. Mr. Ridenhour has been securities licensed with FINRA since 1994 and held various positions throughout his career including acting in executive and principal capacities within brokerage firms. Mr. Ridenhour is a graduate of the University of Florida.

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Steven J. Carlson, 64, has served as a member of our board since February 2024. He previously served as a member of the Quantum Board from February 2021 to February 2023. From October 2022 to February 2023, Mr. Carlson served as President, Secretary and a director of AtlasClear Holdings. Since 2016, Mr. Carlson has served as Co-Chairman of Magellan Global, a financial services holding company which owns Marco Polo Securities, Inc., for which he serves as Chairman, Pi Capital International LLC, for which he serves as Managing Partner, and several other early stage firms. Pi Capital, a global advisory firm headquartered in New York City, provides capital raising, M&A advisory and general corporate advisory services to firms in the financial institutions, renewable power generation, and real estate sectors around the globe. Securities are offered through an affiliate, Marco Polo Securities, Inc. Marco Polo Securities is a distribution platform enabling foreign financial services firms to market their products in the United States and other select jurisdictions worldwide. Before founding Pi Capital, Mr. Carlson was President and Head of Investment Banking at INTL FCStone Financial Inc. from 2010 to 2016. Prior to that, Mr. Carlson was the founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Provident Group, a boutique investment banking firm providing capital raising, M&A and other corporate finance advisory services to firms globally. Provident Group was acquired by INTL in 2010. Prior to forming Provident in 1999, Mr. Carlson was a Managing Director at Lehman Brothers holding various senior positions at the firm. Mr. Carlson began his career at Fannie Mae. Mr. Carlson graduated with a BA in Economics from the University of Maryland and a Master’s Degree in Public Policy from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

Thomas J. Hammond, 66, has served as a member of our board since February 2024. Previously, he served as a member of the Quantum Board from February 2021 to February 2024. Mr. Hammond was the President of ICE Clear U.S., a wholly owned clearing house of Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (NYSE: ICE) from 2007 until his retirement in 2017. In that role, Mr. Hammond oversaw all technology, operations and financial functions at the clearing house. Prior to joining ICE, Mr. Hammond was Managing Director, Trading Operations at the Chicago Board of Trade (later the CME Group) where he played a leadership role in the successful transition to the Common Clearing Link. Before joining the CME Group in 2003, for a 17-year period, Mr. Hammond served as Chief Executive Officer, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Board of Trade Clearing Corporation (BOTCC), where he successfully managed the development and implementation of integrated over the counter (OTC) clearing systems. Mr. Hammond currently serves as a board member of Atlas FinTech and, prior to his retirement in 2017, served on the boards of the Financial Services Division and the Chicago Operations Division of the Futures Industry Association, and participated in the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank’s Working Group on Financial Markets. Mr. Hammond earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from Lewis University in Romeoville, IL.

Sandip I. Patel, 57, has served as a member of our board since February 2024. Previously, he served as a member of the Quantum Board from October 2020 to February 2024. Mr. Patel has been an attorney and corporate business consultant at Sandip I. Patel, P.A., a law firm founded by Mr. Patel in 2000. Since 2017, Mr. Patel has also served as Chief Legal Counsel of Channel Investments, LLC, a medical device company. Mr. Patel has been involved in the formation, acquisition, development, growth, and liquidity events related to companies in the healthcare, insurance and financial services fields. Mr. Patel currently holds public and private investments in a wide range of industries with a focus on medical devices, biotechnology, healthcare services and related technologies, as well as FinTech and related services. Mr. Patel is also a co-founding stockholder of AtlasBanc Holdings, and was a co-founding stockholder and board member of Anderen Bank. Mr. Patel was the Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Orion group of companies, a full-service real estate development company. Previously, Mr. Patel served as Head of the New Business Development and M&A team to national health insurance companies. Mr. Patel oversaw all legal, regulatory and governmental affairs on behalf of WellCare, while serving as the General Counsel and a partner in the company. Since September 2021, Mr. Patel has served as a director of Monterey Bio Acquisition Corporation, a former special purpose acquisition company (Nasdaq: MTRY). Mr. Patel received his JD degree from the Stetson University College of Law, and a B.B.A in Finance from the University of Georgia.

Richard Barber, 75, has served as our Chief Financial Officer since February 2023. Mr. Barber has been making various personal investments through his company, Renee LLC, since 2017. Mr. Barber started his financial career in Finance at Ernst & Young. Mr. Barber has over 30 years’ experience in the Securities industry working at various institutions. Most notably, Mr. Barber served as the Chief Financial Officer of Bank of America’s brokerage business where he gave advice to the CEO on how to grow revenue and reduce costs. Mr. Barber holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Notre Dame and a Master of Business Administration from the Columbia School of Business.

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John Schaible, 53, has served as our Chief Strategy Officer and a member of our board since February 2024. Previously, he served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Quantum from October 2020 to February 2024. Mr. Schaible is a co-founder of Atlas Bank, a Latin American domiciled bank, and, since 2010, has served as its Vice Chairman. Mr. Schaible has also served as Chief Executive Officer of AtlasBanc Holdings since 2012 and Atlas FinTech since 2016, each affiliates of Atlas Bank. Mr. Schaible also co-founded Anderen Bank and was Chief Operating Officer of Anderen Financial, a FDIC-chartered financial institution and bank holding company regulated by the Federal Reserve Board, respectively, from 2007 until the acquisition of Anderen by First United Bank in 2012, each affiliates of Atlas Bank. Mr. Schaible also founded and served as Chief Executive Officer of NexTrade, which created an electronic communications network (ECN) in 1994 that was sold to Citigroup in 2006. Mr. Schaible has a degree in business management from Colorado State University. Mr. Schaible has also served on the board of Colorado State University’s General Leadership Council and Center for Entrepreneurship.

Ilya Bogdanov, 56, has served as our Chief Technology Officer since February 2024. Mr. Bogdanov is a Senior Vice President of the Atlas Bank, a Latin American domiciled bank, a position he has held since 2019, and has been Vice President of Technology of Atlas FinTech since 2014. Mr. Bogdanov has also served as Chief Technology Officer of AtlasBanc Holdings since 2014. Mr. Bogdanov served as Director of Software Engineering of Value Line, Director of Infrastructure of Traffic Media. He also served in various senior technology roles in Bank of America, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Salomon Smith Barney/Citigroup, SURFACExchange, DoubleClick and other financial and media companies. Mr. Bogdanov has a technology degree from Tashkent Electromechanical College.

James Tabacchi, 69, has served as a member of our board since February 2024. Mr. Tabacchi is President and CEO of South Street Securities Holdings Inc. In this role, Mr. Tabacchi oversees all aspects of the business, including strategy, credit, market and liquidity risk, infrastructure, technology and clearing, compliance, finance, accounting and controls. In 2000, he raised the venture capital and founded South Street as an independent repo broker dealer and began building and expanding the franchise of products. In 2018, Mr. Tabacchi invested in and continues to mentor AmeriVet, a Disabled Veteran and Minority Owned broker dealer, and last year, started an equity securities lending business. Prior to founding South Street, he spent two decades at Citicorp/Citibank in various customer interface and business head positions within the Investment, Corporate and Consumer Banking Divisions. In addition to his Board responsibilities at South Street, ACM Trust REIT and AmeriVet, Mr. Tabacchi is Chairman of the Board of the Independent Dealer and Trader Association (IDTA) and is a member of BNYM’s GSS Industry Advisory Council. In 2021, Mr. Tabacchi was elected to a five-year term on the DTCC Board of Directors.

Atlas Bank (Panama), S.A.

In September 2023, the Superintendency of Banks of Panama took temporary administrative and operational control of Atlas Bank (Panama), SA (“Atlas Bank”). Such action was at the voluntary request of Atlas Bank, in connection with allegations that a major custody counterparty potentially committed fraud against Atlas Bank. John Schaible is co-founder and Vice Chairman of Atlas Bank, and CEO of AtlasBanc Holdings, which through Atlas FinTech has an economic interest in, but does not control, Atlas Bank. Thomas Hammond is a member of the board of directors of Atlas FinTech. Craig Ridenhour is a co-founder and EVP of Business Development for AtlasBanc Holdings and a member of the board of directors of Atlas FinTech. Ilya Bogdanov is a Senior Vice President of Atlas Bank and Chief Technology Officer of AtlasBanc Holdings.

Board Committees

The Board has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, each of which has the composition and the responsibilities described below. Each of these committees operates under a written charter that was approved by the Board satisfies the applicable listing standards of NYSE, copies of which will be made available on the investor relations portion of our website. Members will serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by the Board. The Board may establish other committees as it deems necessary or appropriate from time to time.

Audit Committee

Our audit committee consists of Steven J. Carlson, Sandip I. Patel and James Tabacchi, with Mr. Patel serving as chair. Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the NYSE listing standards require that our audit committee be composed entirely of independent members. The Board has determined that each of Messrs. Carlson, Patel and Tabacchi meets the definition of “independent director” for purposes of serving on the audit committee under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the NYSE listing standards and also meets the financial literacy requirements of the NYSE listing standards. In addition, the Board has determined that Mr. Carlson will qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of the SEC regulations.

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The primary purpose of the audit committee is to discharge the responsibilities of the Board with respect to our corporate accounting and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control and financial statement audits and to oversee our independent registered public accounting firm. The principal functions of the audit committee are expected to include, among other things:

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helping the Board oversee our corporate accounting and financial reporting processes;

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managing the selection, engagement, qualifications, independence, and performance of a qualified firm to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements;

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reviewing and discussing the scope and results of the audit with the independent registered public accounting firm, and reviewing, with management and the independent accountants, our interim and year-end operating results;

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obtaining and reviewing a report by the independent registered public accounting firm at least annually that describes our internal quality control procedures, any material issues with such procedures and any steps taken to deal with such issues when required by applicable law;

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establishing procedures for employees to submit concerns anonymously about questionable accounting or audit matters;

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overseeing our policies on risk assessment and risk management;

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overseeing compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics;

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reviewing related person transactions; and

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approving or, as required, pre-approving audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm.

Compensation Committee

Our compensation committee consists of Steven J. Carlson, Thomas J. Hammond and James Tabacchi, with Mr. Carlson serving as chair. The Board has determined that Messrs. Carlson, Hammond and Tabacchi each meet the definition of “independent director” for purposes of serving on the compensation committee under the NYSE listing standards, including the heightened independence standards for members of a compensation committee.

The primary purpose of our compensation committee will be to discharge the responsibilities of the Board in overseeing our compensation policies, plans and programs and to review and determine the compensation to be paid to our executive officers, directors and other senior management, as appropriate. The principal functions of the compensation committee are expected to include, among other things:

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reviewing, approving and determining, or making recommendations to the Board regarding, the compensation of our chief executive officer, other executive officers and senior management;

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reviewing, evaluating and recommending to the Board succession plans for our executive officers;

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reviewing and recommending to the Board the compensation paid to our non-employee directors;

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administering our equity incentive plans and other benefit programs;

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reviewing, adopting, amending and terminating incentive compensation and equity plans, severance agreements, profit sharing plans, bonus plans, change-of-control protections and any other compensatory arrangements for our executive officers and other senior management; and

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reviewing and establishing general policies relating to compensation and benefits of our employees, including our overall compensation philosophy.

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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Steven J. Carlson, Thomas J. Hammond and Sandip I. Patel, with Mr. Patel serving as chair. The Board has determined that Messrs. Carlson, Hammond and Patel each meet the definition of “independent director” under the NYSE listing standards.

Our nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things:

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identifying and evaluating candidates, including the nomination of incumbent directors for reelection and nominees recommended by stockholders, to serve on the Board;

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considering and making recommendations to the Board regarding the composition and chairmanship of the committees of the Board;

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instituting plans or programs for the continuing education of the Board and the orientation of new directors;

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developing and making recommendations to the Board regarding corporate governance guidelines and matters;

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overseeing our corporate governance practices;

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overseeing periodic evaluations of the Board’s performance, including committees of the Board; and

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contributing to succession planning.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of the code is available on the investor relations portion of our website. In addition, we intend to post on our website all disclosures that are required by law or the NYSE listing standards concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the code.

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EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Quantum

Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, none of the officers or directors of Quantum received any cash compensation for services rendered. The Co-Sponsors, officers, directors and their respective affiliates were reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses related to identifying, investigating, negotiating and completing an initial business combination. We note that certain officers have economic interests in our Co-Sponsors.

AtlasClear

Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, none of the officers or directors of AtlasClear received any cash compensation for services rendered.

Wilson-Davis

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth, for each of Wilson-Davis’ last two completed fiscal years, the dollar value of all cash and noncash compensation earned by Robert McBey, Wilson-Davis’ president and chief executive officer, who has continued his employment with the Company after the Business Combination as Chief Executive Officer.

					Non Equity
	Year Ended			Option	Incentive Plan	All Other
Name and Principal Position	June 30	Salary ($)₍₁₎	Bonus ($)	Awards ($)	Compensation	Compensation ($)	Total ($)
Robert McBey	2023	353,359	—	—	—	—	353,359
President and CEO	2022	789,386	—	—	—	—	789,386

(1)Consists of salary of $250,000 in each year and commissions of $103,359 and $539,386 earned in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The following summary of the material terms of our securities is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of such securities. The full text of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and Bylaws is included as Exhibit 3.1 and Exhibit 3.2, respectively, to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and is incorporated herein by reference. We urge you to read our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws in its entirety for a complete description of the rights and preferences of our securities.

Authorized and Outstanding Stock

The Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of 101,000,000 shares, consisting of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share. As of April 15, 2024, there were 12,455,157 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, and no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

Voting Power

Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote in respect of each share of stock held of record by such holder on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. Except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock are not entitled to vote on any amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of preferred stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of preferred of stock the Company (the “Preferred Stock”) if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote on such amendment pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of preferred stock).

Dividends

Subject to applicable law and the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by the Board, payable either in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock.

Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding Up

Upon the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up and after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to any holders of Preferred Stock having liquidation preferences, if any, the holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive pro rata the Company’s remaining assets available for distribution.

Preemptive or Other Rights

Holders of Common Stock are not entitled to preemptive rights, and Common Stock is not subject to conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions.

Election of Directors

Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast at each annual meeting of stockholders. Each director will hold office until the next succeeding annual meeting and until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. The Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting for the election of directors.

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Preferred Stock

The Certificate of Incorporation provides that shares of Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board will be authorized to establish the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the designation, vesting, powers (including voting powers), preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights (and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof) of the shares of each such series and to increase (but not above the total number of authorized shares of the class) or decrease (but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding) the number of shares of any such series, in each case without further vote or action by the stockholders. The Board is able to, without stockholder approval, issue Preferred Stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of the Common Stock and could have anti-takeover effects. The ability of the Board to issue Preferred Stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of the Company or the removal of existing management.

Warrants

As of the date of this prospectus, there were 16,215,625 Warrants to purchase Common Stock outstanding, consisting of 10,062,500 Public Warrants and 6,153,125 Private Warrants.

Each Public Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one-half of one share of Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below, at any time commencing after the Company’s completion of the Business Combination. However, no Public Warrants are exercisable for cash unless there is an effective and current registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants and a current prospectus relating to such shares of Common Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not effective within 120 days from the closing of the initial business combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company shall have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise Public Warrants on a cashless basis pursuant to an available exemption from registration under the Securities Act. The Public Warrants and Private Warrants were registered on the Registration Statement on Form S-4, as amended, that was declared effective on October 10, 2023, in connection with the Business Combination. The Public Warrants and Private Warrants will expire on February 9, 2029 at 5:00 p.m., New York City time.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that (i) each Private Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, and (ii) such Private Warrants will be exercisable for cash (even if a registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants is not effective) or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and will not be redeemable by the Company, in each case so long as they are still held by the Co-Sponsors or their affiliates.

The Company may call the outstanding Public Warrants for redemption in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant:

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at any time while the warrants are exercisable;

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upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder;

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if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the shares of Common Stock equals or exceeds $16.50 per share, for any 20 trading days within a 30-day trading period ending on the third business day prior to the notice of redemption to warrant holders; and;

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if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying such warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption.

The right to exercise will be forfeited unless the Public Warrants are exercised prior to the date specified in the notice of redemption. On and after the redemption date, a record holder of a warrant will have no further rights except to receive the redemption price for such holder’s warrant upon surrender of such warrant.

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The redemption criteria for the Public Warrants have been established at a price which is intended to provide warrant holders a reasonable premium to the initial exercise price and provide a sufficient differential between the then-prevailing share price and the warrant exercise price so that if the share price declines as a result of the Company’s redemption call, the redemption will not cause the share price to drop below the exercise price of the warrants.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption as described above, it will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.” In such event, each holder would pay the exercise price by surrendering the Public Warrants for that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the difference between the exercise price of the warrants and the “fair market value” by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” shall mean the average reported last sale price of our Common Stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants. Whether the Company will exercise its option to require all holders to exercise their warrants on a “cashless basis” will depend on a variety of factors including the price of Common Stock at the time the warrants are called for redemption, its cash needs at such time and concerns regarding dilutive share issuances.

The Public Warrants were issued in registered form under the Warrant Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and the Company, as amended by the Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, by and among, Quantum, the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.. You should review a copy of the Warrant Agreement, which will be filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, for a complete description of the terms and conditions applicable to the Public Warrants. The Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval, by written consent or vote, of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding warrants in order to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders.

The exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of the Public Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or our recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation.

The Public Warrants may be exercised upon surrender of the warrant certificate on or prior to the expiration date at the offices of the warrant agent, with the exercise form on the reverse side of the warrant certificate completed and executed as indicated, accompanied by full payment of the exercise price, by certified or official bank check payable to us, for the number of warrants being exercised. The warrant holders do not have the rights or privileges of holders of shares of Common Stock and any voting rights until they exercise their warrants and receive shares of Common Stock. After the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Public Warrants, each holder will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders.

Except as described above, no Common Stock will be exercisable for cash, and the Company will not be obligated to issue shares of Common Stock unless at the time a holder seeks to exercise such warrant, a prospectus relating to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is current and the shares of Common Stock have been registered or qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the warrants. Under the terms of the Warrant Agreement, the Company has agreed to use its best efforts to meet these conditions and to maintain a current prospectus relating to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants. However, the Company cannot assure you that it will be able to do so and, if the Company does not maintain a current prospectus relating to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, holders will be unable to exercise their warrants, and the Company will not be required to settle any such warrant exercise. If the prospectus relating to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants is not current or if the Common Stock is not qualified or exempt from qualification in the jurisdictions in which the holders of the warrants reside, the Company will not be required to net cash settle or cash settle the warrant exercise, the warrants may have no value, the market for the warrants may be limited and the warrants may expire worthless.

A holder of Public Warrants may notify the Company in writing in the event it elects to be subject to a requirement that such holder will not have the right to exercise such warrant, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, such person (together with such person’s affiliates), to the warrant agent’s actual knowledge, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or 9.99% (or such other amount as a holder may specify) of Common Stock outstanding.

No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the warrants. If, upon exercise of the warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, the Company will, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to the warrant holder.

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Contractual Arrangements with respect to the Private Warrants

So long as the Private Warrants are still by the Co-Sponsors or their affiliates, the Company will not redeem such warrants, and the Company will allow the holders to exercise such warrants on a cashless basis (even if a registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants is not effective). However, once any of the Private Warrants are transferred from the Co-Sponsors or their affiliates, these arrangements will no longer apply. Furthermore, because the Private Warrants were issued in a private transaction, the holders and their transferees will be allowed to exercise the Private Warrants for cash even if a registration statement covering the shares of the Company Stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants is not effective and receive unregistered shares of Common Stock.

Listing of Securities

The Common Stock is currently listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “ATCH.” Public Warrants are currently listed on the OTC Markets under the symbol “ATCHW.”

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock and warrant agent for the Warrants is, and for the Common Stock and warrants is expected to be, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws and Delaware Law

Certain provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, and laws of the State of Delaware could make it more difficult to acquire the Company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, or to remove incumbent officers and directors. These provisions, summarized below, are intended to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of the Company to first negotiate with the Board. the Company believes that the benefits of these provisions outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging certain takeover or acquisition proposals because, among other things, negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms and enhance the ability of the Board to maximize stockholder value. However, these provisions may delay, deter or prevent a merger or acquisition of the Company that a stockholder might consider is in their best interest or in the Company’s best interests, including transactions that might result in a premium over the prevailing market price of Common Stock.

Authorized but Unissued Shares

The authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock and preferred stock are available for future issuance without stockholder approval, subject to any limitations imposed by the listing standards of the NYSE. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate finance transactions, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved Common Stock and preferred stock could make more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

Stockholder Action; Special Meetings of Stockholders

The Certificate of Incorporation provides that, subject to the rights of any series of preferred stock, stockholders may not take action by written consent, but may only take action at annual or special meetings of stockholders. As a result, a holder controlling a majority of Common Stock would not be able to amend the Bylaws or remove directors without holding a meeting of stockholders called in accordance with the Bylaws. Further, the Certificate of Incorporation provides that only the Chairperson of the Board, the chief executive officer of the Company, the Lead Independent Director or the Board acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Whole Board (as defined below in the section titled “Comparison of Stockholders’ Rights”) may call special meetings of stockholders, thus prohibiting a holder of Common Stock from calling a special meeting. These provisions might delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for stockholders controlling a majority of Atlas to take any action, including the removal of directors.

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Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations

The Bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at its annual meeting of stockholders, must provide timely notice. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice will need to be delivered to the Secretary of the Company at its principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. In the event that no annual meeting was held during the preceding year or the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, to be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be so delivered no earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or, if later, the 10th day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was first made by the Company. The Bylaws also specify certain requirements as to the form and content of a stockholders’ notice. These provisions may preclude stockholders from bringing matters before its annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at its annual meeting of stockholders.

Supermajority Requirements for the Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

The Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the Board or by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Company entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting as one class. In addition, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, will be required to amend certain provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, including provisions relating to the classified board, the size of the board, removal of directors, special meetings, actions by written consent, and designation of preferred stock.

Board Vacancies

The Certificate of Incorporation provides that, subject to the special rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors, any vacancy on the Board may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and not by the stockholders, unless (a) the Board determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders or (b) as otherwise provided by law. Any director chosen to fill a vacancy will hold office until the expiration of the term of the class for which he or she was elected and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. In addition, the number of directors constituting the Whole Board is permitted to be set only by a resolution adopted by a majority of the Whole Board. These provisions prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of the Board and then gaining control of the board by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees. This makes it more difficult to change the composition of the Board, but promotes continuity of management.

Exclusive Forum Selection

The Certificate of Incorporation requires, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum and to the fullest extent permitted by law, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction, any state court located within the State of Delaware or, if and only if all such state courts lack subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; (ii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by or any wrongdoing by any current or former director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any stockholder to the Company or AtlasClear Stockholders; (iii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim against the Company or any current or former director, officer or other employee of the Company or any stockholder in such stockholder’s capacity as such arising out of or pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time); (iv) any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws (including any right, obligation or remedy thereunder); (v) any action or proceeding as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; and (vi) any action or proceeding asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. However, such forum selection provisions will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction. The Certificate of Incorporation will also provide that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act.

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Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. As noted above, the Certificate of Incorporation will provide that the federal district courts of the United States will have exclusive jurisdiction over any action asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision. AtlasClear Stockholders will not be deemed to have waived the Company’s compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As noted above, the Certificate of Incorporation will provide that the choice of forum provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. Accordingly, actions by AtlasClear Stockholders to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder must be brought in federal court. AtlasClear Stockholders will not be deemed to have waived the Company’s compliance with the federal securities laws and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of the Company’s capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum selection provisions in the Certificate of Incorporation.

The choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against the Company and its directors, officers, and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provisions contained in the Certificate of Incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, the Company may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm its business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law

The Company is subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL. In general, Section 203 prohibits a Delaware corporation that is listed on a national securities exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 stockholders from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that such stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner as summarized below. A “business combination” includes, among other things, certain mergers, asset or stock sales or other transactions together resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock. Under Section 203, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions:

●

before the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

●

upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding those shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances; or

●

at or after the time the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the business combination was approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 662∕3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

Under certain circumstances, Section 203 of the DGCL will make it more difficult for a person who would be an “interested stockholder” to effect various business combinations with a corporation for a three-year period. This provision may encourage companies interested in acquiring the Company to negotiate in advance with the Board because the stockholder approval requirement would be avoided if the Board approves either the business combination or the transaction which results in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder. Section 203 of the DGCL also may have the effect of preventing changes in the Board and may make it more difficult to accomplish transactions which stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

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Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

The Bylaws provide that the Company’s directors and officers will be indemnified and advanced expenses by the Company to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by the DGCL as it now exists or may in the future be amended. In addition, the Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Company’s directors will not be personally liable to the Company or its stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors to the fullest extent permitted by law.

The Bylaws also permit the Company to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or agent of the Company for any liability arising out of his or her status as such, regardless of whether the DGCL would permit indemnification.

These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against the Company directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit the Company and its stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent the Company pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to the Company directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

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SECURITIES ACT RESTRICTIONS ON RESALE OF SECURITIES

Rule 144

A person who has beneficially owned restricted Common Stock for at least six months would be entitled to sell such securities, provided that (i) such person is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale and (ii) we are subject to the Exchange Act periodic reporting requirements for at least three months before the sale and have filed all required reports under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the 12 months (or such shorter period as AtlasClear Holdings was required to file reports) preceding the sale.

Persons who have beneficially owned restricted Common Stock of AtlasClear Holdings for at least six months but who are our affiliates at the time of, or any time during the three months preceding, a sale, would be subject to additional restrictions, by which such person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of securities that does not exceed the greater of either of the following:

●

1% of the then outstanding Common Stock of AtlasClear Holdings which, as of April 15, 2024, equals 124,552 shares of Common Stock; or

●

the average weekly trading volume of Common Stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale is filed with the SEC.

Sales by affiliates of AtlasClear Holdings under Rule 144 are also subject to certain requirements relating to manner of sale, notice and the availability of current public information about AtlasClear Holdings.

Restrictions on the Use of Rule 144 by Shell Companies or Former Shell Companies

Rule 144 is not available for the resale of securities initially issued by shell companies (other than business combination-related shell companies) or issuers that have been at any time previously a shell company. However, Rule 144 also includes an important exception to this prohibition if the following conditions are met:

●

the issuer of the securities that was formerly a shell company has ceased to be a shell company;

●

the issuer of the securities is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act;

●

the issuer of the securities has filed all Exchange Act reports and material required to be filed, as applicable, during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the issuer was required to file such reports and materials), other than Form 8-K reports; and

●

at least one year has elapsed from the time that the issuer filed current Form 10 type information with the SEC, which was filed on February 16, 2024, reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company.

As a result, Quantum’s initial shareholders will be able to sell their Founder Shares pursuant to Rule 144 without registration one year after the Business Combination.

Upon the Closing, we were no longer a shell company; accordingly, once the conditions listed above are satisfied, Rule 144 will become available for the resale of the above-noted restricted securities.

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Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement

In connection with entry into the Business Combination Agreement, the Company, AtlasClear’s stockholders and Quantum Ventures entered into a Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), which was effective at Closing and pursuant to which the Company agreed, among other things, to provide the parties thereto customary demand, shelf and piggy-back rights on secondary offerings, subject to customary cut-back provisions and coordinated offerings. The Company agreed to file a resale shelf registration statement within 45 days of Closing and to effect up to five underwritten offerings each expected to yield gross proceeds of more than $10 million.

Quantum Ventures agreed to transfer shares of Common Stock received at Closing into an escrow account, which was to be released (i) 50% on the earlier of six months from Closing and the date on which the Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.50 for 20 days in any 30-day trading window; and (ii) 50% on the six-month anniversary of Closing. In addition, Quantum Ventures agreed to a lockup of Quantum Private Warrants for 30 days after Closing. AtlasClear’s stockholders, including Atlas FinTech, agreed to a lockup of shares of Common Stock received at Closing for one year following Closing, provided that such lockup shall be released early if the Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.50 for 20 days in any 30-day trading window. In connection with the Closing, AtlasClear Holdings instructed the escrow agent to release from escrow 4,000,000 of the Founder Shares that were held in escrow (consisting of 949,084 Founder Shares owned by Chardan Quantum, LLC and 3,050,916 Founder Shares owned by Quantum Ventures), as contemplated by the amendment to such escrow agreement disclosed on October 31, 2023.

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information known to the Company regarding the beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock as of April 15, 2024:

●

each person who is the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock;

●

the Company’s executive officers and directors; and

●

all of the Company’s executive officers and directors as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days. In computing the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership, the Company deemed outstanding shares of Common Stock subject to warrants held by that person that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the Closing Date. The Company did not deem these shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

Unless otherwise indicated, the Company believes that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by them.

Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o AtlasClear Holdings, Inc., 4030 Henderson Blvd., Suite 712, Tampa, FL 33629.

The percentage ownership of Common Stock is based on 12,455,157 shares of Common Stock outstanding April 15, 2024.

		Approximate
	Number of Shares	Percentage of
	Beneficially	Outstanding Shares
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner⁽¹⁾	Owned	of Common Stock
Directors and executive officers of AtlasClear Holdings:
Robert McBey(2)	956,914	7.6	%
Steven J. Carlson(3)	181,141	1.4	%
Thomas J. Hammond(4)	122,402	*
Sandip I. Patel(5)	597,282	4.7	%
Craig Ridenhour	—	—
John Schaible(6)	1,135,874	8.6	%
James Tabacchi	—	—
Richard Barber(7)	65,000	*
Ilya Bogdanov	—	—
All executive officers and directors as a group (9 individuals)	3,051,699	22.3	%
Five Percent Holders:
Atlas FinTech Holdings Corp.(8)	3,490,000	28.0	%
Quantum Ventures LLC(9)	1,614,998	13.0	%
Chardan Quantum LLC(10)	1,202,284	9.5	%
Funicular Funds, LP(11)	1,176,997	9.4	%
Dark Forest Capital Management LP(12)	1,348,563	10.8	%

*	Less than 1%.

(1)	Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following entities or individuals is c/o AtlasClear Holdings, Inc., 4030 Henderson Blvd., Suite 712, Tampa, FL 33629.

(2)	Consists of (i) 950,000 Merger Consideration Shares received in the Business Combination and (ii) an interest payment on Mr. McBey’s Seller Notes in the form of shares of Common Stock.

(3)	Consists of (i) 128,213 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Private Warrants to purchase 52,928 shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable.

(4)	Consists of (i) 42,348 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Private Warrants to purchase 80,054 shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable.

(5)	Consists of (i) 243,194 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Private Warrants to purchase 354,088 shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable.

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(6)	Consists of (i) 432,734 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Private Warrants to purchase 703,140 shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable.

(7)	Consists of (i) 25,000 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Private Warrants to purchase 40,000 shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable.

(8)

Consists of 3,490,000 Merger Consideration Shares received in the Business Combination. AtlasBanc holds a 37.3% ownership interest in AtlasFinech but has sole power to vote or direct the vote of 64% or 2,233,600 of the shares of Common Stock. The remaining voting interests of AtlasBanc are held by individual investors, none of which holds more than a 2.5% voting interest in Atlas Fintech. AtlasBanc has three board members, including John Schaible, Chief Executive Officer of the Issuer and Craig Ridenhour, Chief Business Development Officer of the Issuer. Any action by AtlasBanc with respect to the shares of Common Stock held by it, including voting and dispositive decisions, requires a majority vote of the board of directors. Accordingly, under the so-called “rule of three,” because voting and dispositive decisions are made by a majority of the AtlasBanc’s board of directors, none of AtlasBanc’s directors is deemed to be a beneficial owner of Atlas FinTech’s securities, even those in which such director holds a pecuniary interest. Accordingly, neither Mr. Schaible nor Mr. Ridenhours is deemed to have or share beneficial ownership of the shares of Common Stock held by Atlas Fintech.

(9)

Consists of (i) 1,614,996 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Private Warrants to purchase two shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable. The shares reported above are held in the name of Quantum Ventures LLC. Messrs. Schaible and Patel are two of the three managers of Quantum Ventures LLC. Any action by Quantum Ventures LLC with respect to the Founder Shares held by it, including voting and dispositive decisions, requires a majority vote of the board of managers. Accordingly, under the so-called “rule of three,” because voting and dispositive decisions are made by a majority of Quantum Ventures LLC’s managers, none of the managers of Quantum Ventures LLC is deemed to be a beneficial owner of Quantum Ventures LLC’s securities, even those in which such manager holds a pecuniary interest. Accordingly, none of such individuals is deemed to have or share beneficial ownership of the shares held by Quantum Ventures LLC.

(10)

According to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024, by Chardan Quantum LLC, Chardan Capital Markets LLC, Jonas Grossman, Steven Urbach, and Kerry Propper (collectively, the “Chardan Reporting Persons”) with respect to the shares beneficially owned and held by the Chardan Reporting Persons. The shares reported in this Schedule 13G consist of (i) 949,084 shares of Common Stock held by Chardan Quantum LLC, (ii) 253,200 of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Private Warrants and (iii) 253,200 of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Chardan Note. The Private Warrants and Chardan Note are currently exercisable/convertible, but contain provisions preventing their exercise or conversion to the extent that such exercise or conversion would result in the holder (together with its affiliates) obtaining greater than 9.99% of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise or conversion. The amounts reported below represent the number of shares of Common Stock that would be issuable upon exercise/conversion of the Private Warrants and Chardan Note giving effect to these blocking provisions, and do not include additional shares underlying the Private Warrants and Chardan Note. The Chardan Note is convertible at the election of the holder at a conversion price equal to 90% of the VWAP of the Common Stock for the trading day immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. Mr. Grossman, as managing member of Chardan Quantum, may be deemed to beneficially own the shares (including shares underlying Private Warrants) held directly by Chardan Quantum, representing 9.99% of the Issuer’s Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. Each of Mr. Grossman, Mr. Urbach and Mr. Propper, as the members of CCM, may be deemed to beneficially own the shares underlying the Chardan Note held directly by CCM, representing approximately 2.1% of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. The business address of Chardan Quantum LLC is 17 State Street, New York, NY 10004.

(11)

According to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024 by Funicular Funds, LP (the “Fund”) with respect to the shares beneficially owned and held by the Fund. The General Partner of the Fund is Cable Car Capital LLC (“Cable Car”). Jacob Ma-Weaver is the Managing Member of Cable Car and the ultimate individual responsible for directing the voting and disposition of shares held by the Fund. Cable Car, as the General Partner of the Fund, may be deemed the beneficial owner of all the shares owned by the Fund. Mr. Ma-Weaver, as the Managing Member of Cable Car, may be deemed the beneficial owner of all the shares owned by the Fund. The number of shares held by Funicular Funds, LP is reported as of February 16, 2024, as stated in the Schedule 13G. In addition, pursuant to the Funicular Purchase Agreement, at the Closing the Sponsor transferred 600,000 Founder Shares and 600,000 Private Warrants to the Fund. The address for the Fund and Cable Car is 2261 Market Street #4307, San Francisco, CA 94114.

(12)

According to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on November 8, 2021 by Dark Forest Capital Management LP, (the “Firm”), and Dark Forest Global Equity Master Fund LP (“Dark Forest Master”). The Firm and Dark Forest Master share voting and dispositive power with respect to all of the securities. The Firm, as the investment manager to Dark Forest Master, may be deemed to beneficially own these securities. Jacob Kline is the managing member of the general partner of the Firm and exercises investment discretion with respect to these securities. The number of shares held by Firm and Dark Forest Master is reported as of October 28, 2021, as stated in the Schedule 13G, which does not reflect any redemption of shares by Quantum in connection with extensions of the deadlines to complete its business combination or the business combination itself, or any other transactions after October 28, 2021. The address for the Firm and Dark Forest Master is 151 West Avenue, Darien, Connecticut 06820.

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SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

This prospectus relates to the resale by the Selling Stockholders from time to time of up to 37,885,852 shares of our Common Stock.

The Selling Stockholders may from time to time offer and sell any or all of the shares of Common Stock set forth below pursuant to this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. We cannot advise you as to whether the Selling Stockholders will in fact sell any or all of such shares of Common Stock.

When we refer to the “Selling Stockholders” in this prospectus, we mean the persons listed in the table below, and the pledgees, donees, transferees, assignees, successors, designees and others who later come to hold any of the Selling Stockholders’ interest in the Common Stock other than through a public sale.

The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, the names of each Selling Stockholder, the number of shares of Common Stock that each Selling Stockholder may offer pursuant to this prospectus, and the number of shares of Common Stock owned by each Selling Stockholder before the offering (as of April 15, 2024) and after the offering, assuming that each Selling Stockholder will sell all of their Offered Shares and will make no other purchases or sales of Common Stock. Information below regarding the Selling Stockholders is based on information provided to us by the Selling Stockholder.

The percentage of beneficial ownership is based on the 12,455,157 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of April 15, 2024 and is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, which, among other things, assumes the exercise of warrants and options by a securityholder for shares of Common Stock by such securityholder only.


	Before the Offering	Number of Shares Being Offered	After the Offering
Name of Selling Stockholder	Number of Shares of Common Stock	Number of Shares of Common Stock Being Offered	Number of Shares of Common Stock	Percentage of Outstanding Shares of Common Stock
Atlas FinTech Holding Corp. ⁽¹⁾	3,490,000	3,490,000	—	—
Robert McBey⁽²⁾	1,270,076	1,270,076	—	—
Byron Barkley Profit Sharing Trst Byron B. Barkley TTEE⁽³⁾	472,051	472,051	—	—
Byron B. Barkley⁽³⁾	357,376	357,376	—	—
Lyle W. Davis⁽³⁾	1,267,365	1,267,365	—	—
Paul N. Davis Estate⁽³⁾	781,510	781,510	—	—
William L. Walker⁽³⁾	116,585	116,585	—	—
Glen Holdings Corp.⁽³⁾	2,161,677	2,161,677	—	—
James C. Snow⁽³⁾	234,188	234,188	—	—
Pacsquare Technologies, LLC⁽⁴⁾	536,000	536,000	—	—
Commercial Bancorp of Wyoming⁽⁵⁾	40,000	40,000	—	—
Funicular Funds, LP⁽⁶⁾	18,000,000	18,000,000	—	—
Calabrese Consulting LLC⁽⁷⁾	32,188	32,188	—	—
Grant Thornton LLP⁽⁸⁾	46,010	46,010	—	—
IB Capital LLC⁽⁹⁾	155,000	155,000	—	—
Outside The Box Capital Inc.⁽¹⁰⁾	20,000	20,000	—	—
Carriage House Capital, Inc.⁽¹¹⁾	350,000	350,000	—	—
Interest Solutions, LLC⁽¹²⁾	298,017	298,017	—	—
JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC⁽¹³⁾	406,387	406,387	—	—
Winston & Strawn LLP⁽¹⁴⁾	833,333	833,333	—	—
Tau⁽¹⁵⁾	5,000,000	5,000,000	—	—
Lead Nectar⁽¹⁶⁾	12,000	12,000	—	—
Toppan Merril⁽¹⁷⁾	13,394	13,394	—	—
Charlie S Dean⁽¹⁸⁾	32,660	32,660	—	—
Zach Malone⁽¹⁸⁾	64,535	64,535	—	—
Robin Cote⁽¹⁸⁾	39,535	39,535	—	—
Sandip I Patel⁽¹⁸⁾	185,087	185,087	—	—
Deepak Jakhotia⁽¹⁸⁾	69,735	69,735	—	—

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Steve Ossello⁽¹⁸⁾	54,645	54,645	—	—
Madeline A Ossello⁽¹⁸⁾	25,226	25,226	—	—
Guy A. Ossello⁽¹⁸⁾	14,286	14,286	—	—
Thomas Hammond⁽¹⁸⁾	1,515	1,515	—	—
Greg Erigero⁽¹⁸⁾	20,175	20,175	—	—
Alva Terry Staples⁽¹⁸⁾	20,181	20,181	—	—
Mahesh Amin⁽¹⁸⁾	58,900	58,900	—	—
Webb McCanse⁽¹⁸⁾	19,780	19,780	—	—
Steve Carlson⁽¹⁸⁾	87,380	87,380	—	—
Chris Wrolstad⁽¹⁸⁾	47,418	47,418	—	—
Ann Miller Hanlon⁽¹⁸⁾	25,906	25,906	—	—
Stephen M. O’Shaugnhnessy⁽¹⁸⁾	33,379	33,379	—	—
Milan-Chase III LLC⁽¹⁸⁾	11,126	11,126	—	—
Milan-Cooper III LLC⁽¹⁸⁾	11,126	11,126	—	—
BFB Capital⁽¹⁸⁾	15,593	15,593	—	—
H. Leigh Severance⁽¹⁸⁾	81,235	81,235	—	—
Michael Barish⁽¹⁸⁾	16,134	16,134	—	—
Les Rubin⁽¹⁸⁾	82,408	82,408	—	—
Nermine Rubin⁽¹⁸⁾	41,216	41,216	—	—
Ashok Patel⁽¹⁸⁾	24,725	24,725	—	—
Kirti Patel⁽¹⁸⁾	24,725	24,725	—	—
Kirit D. Patel⁽¹⁸⁾	24,725	24,725	—	—
Caroline Ford Wallace⁽¹⁸⁾	12,362	12,362	—	—
Shilpa Shah⁽¹⁸⁾	12,362	12,362	—	—
Richard Barber⁽¹⁸⁾	19,780	19,780	—	—
Arvind Patel⁽¹⁸⁾	24,725	24,725	—	—
Aaron and Emily Scott⁽¹⁸⁾	24,725	24,725	—	—
Navaneeth Rau⁽¹⁸⁾	19,780	19,780	—	—
John Schaible⁽¹⁸⁾	374,716	374,716	—	—
Mihir Patel⁽¹⁸⁾	14,835	14,835	—	—
Vanquistador LLC⁽¹⁸⁾	139,332	139,332	—	—
EMISA Business⁽¹⁸⁾	36,999	36,999	—	—
Bill and Ellen’s Golden Adventures LLC⁽¹⁸⁾	12,362	12,362	—	—
Andrew Lewis⁽¹⁸⁾	12,362	12,362	—	—
Jason Schwarz⁽¹⁸⁾	3,214	3,214	—	—
Huyoung Huh⁽¹⁸⁾	92,718	92,718	—	—
Ann Hanlon⁽¹⁸⁾	25,906	25,906	—	—
SCL⁽¹⁸⁾	18,544	18,544	—	—
Swihart Education Fund⁽¹⁸⁾	12,981	12,981	—	—
Terry Sutton-Stone⁽¹⁸⁾	5,000	5,000	—	—
Michael Devlin⁽¹⁸⁾	16,416	16,416	—	—

*	less than 1%

(1)	Consists of 3,490,000 Merger Consideration Shares received in the Business Combination, as described in this prospectus.

(2)

Consists of (i) 950,000 Merger Consideration Shares received in the Business Combination and (ii) an interest payment on Mr. McBey’s Seller Notes in the form of shares of Common Stock and (iii) potential future issuances in lieu of interest payments under the Seller Notes. Mr. McBey is the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the Company, and prior to the Business Combination, Mr. McBey was the President and CEO of Wilson-Davis.

(3)	Represents an interest payment on the Seller Notes in the form of shares of Common Stock.

(4)	Represents shares of Common Stock that were issued to Pacsquare as partial consideration for certain source code and technology assets acquired.

(5)	Represents shares of Common Stock that were issued to Commercial Bancorp of in lieu of an escrow deposit in connection with the Bank Acquisition Agreement.

(6)	Represents shares of Common Stock that are issuable to Funicular Funds, LP as payments pursuant to a secured convertible promissory note and the Funicular Purchase Agreement.

(7)	Represents shares of Common Stock that were issued to Calabrese Consulting LLC at a price per share of $2.00, in lieu of payment for accounting services in the amount of $64,236.

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(8)	Represents shares of Common Stock that were issued to Grant Thornton LLP, at a price per share of $10.00, in lieu of payment for services in the amount of $460,100.

(9)	Represents shares of Common Stock that were issued to IB Capital LLC, at a price per share of $1.90, in lieu of payment for services in the amount of $295,000.

(10)	Represents shares of Common Stock that were issued to Outside The Box Capital Inc., at a price per share of $[ ], as past due consideration for marketing and distribution services rendered to Quantum, pursuant to a Marketing Services Agreement, dated September 13, 2023.

(11)	Represents shares of Common Stock, at a price per share of $[ ], as partial consideration for ongoing consulting services rendered to the Company, pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, dated February 19, 2024.

(12)	Represents shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to Interest Solutions, LLC, as interest payments pursuant to a convertible promissory note in the aggregate amount of $298,017.

(13)	Represents shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC, as interest payments pursuant to a convertible promissory note in the aggregate amount of $375,000.

(14)	Represents shares of Common Stock that may become issuable to Winston & Strawn LLP, in lieu of payment for an aggregate of $2,500,000 of legal services, pursuant to a subscription agreement.

(15)	Represents shares of Common Stock issuable to Lead Nectar in lieu of payment for internet marketing services in the aggregate amount of $12,000.

(16)	Represents shares of Common Stock that may become issuable pursuant to the terms of the ELOC Term Sheet.

(17)	Represents shares of Common Stock that may become issuable by Toppan Merrill.

(18)	Represents shares of Common Stock received upon distributions by Quantum Ventures to its members and other persons.

Selling Stockholder information for each additional Selling Stockholder, if any, will be set forth by prospectus supplement to the extent required prior to the time of any offer or sale of such Selling Stockholder’s shares pursuant to this prospectus. To the extent permitted by law, a prospectus supplement may add, update, substitute, or change the information contained in this prospectus, including the identity of each Selling Stockholder and the number of shares of Common Stock registered on its behalf. A Selling Stockholder may sell or otherwise transfer all, some or none of such shares of Common Stock or warrants in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution.”

For information regarding transactions between us and the Selling Stockholders, see the section titled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.”

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

Quantum Related Person Transactions

On October 23, 2020, Quantum Ventures purchased 4,312,500 founder shares from us for $25,000, or $0.006 per share. In January 2021, Quantum Ventures sold 813,500 founder shares to Chardan Quantum and 35,000 founder shares to each of our directors, in each case at the original price per share, resulting in Quantum Ventures holding a balance of 3,254,000 founder shares. We refer to these shares held by our Co-sponsors, officers and directors as “founder shares.” On February 4, 2021, we effected a stock dividend of 718,750 shares with respect to our Common Stock, resulting in our initial stockholders holding an aggregate of 5,031,250 founder shares.

On February 9, 2021, Quantum Ventures purchased from us 4,450,000 Quantum Private Warrants and Chardan Quantum purchased from us 1,112,500 Quantum Private Warrants, in each case, at a price of $1.00 per warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $5,562,500 in a private placement that closed simultaneously with the closing of our IPO. Each Quantum Private Warrant is exercisable for one (1) share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share.

On February 12, 2021, the underwriters fully exercised their over-allotment option, resulting in Quantum Ventures purchasing an additional 472,500 Quantum Private Warrants from us and Chardan Quantum purchasing an additional 118,125 Quantum Private Warrants from us, in each case, at a price of $1.00 per warrant for an aggregate additional purchase price of $590,625. If we do not complete our initial business combination by February 9, 2023 (or, the Extended Date, as applicable), the proceeds from the sale of the Quantum Private Warrants will be included in the liquidating distribution to the holders of our Public Shares. The Quantum Private Warrants are identical to the warrants sold as part of the public units in the IPO except that (i) each Quantum Private Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, and (ii) the Quantum Private Warrants will be non-redeemable and may be exercised on a cashless basis, in each case so long as they continue to be held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees.

Commencing on February 4, 2021 through the completion of our initial business combination with a target business, we pay to Quantum Ventures a fee of $10,000 per month for providing us with office space and certain office and secretarial services. We cancelled this agreement effective May 9, 2023.

In order to meet our working capital needs, our initial stockholders, officers and directors and their respective affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion. Each loan would be evidenced by a promissory note. The notes would either be paid upon consummation of our initial business combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $1,500,000 of the notes may be converted upon consummation of our business combination into additional Quantum Private Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a conversion price of $1.00 per Quantum Private Warrant. Such Quantum Private Warrants are identical to the Quantum Private Warrants issued at the closing of the IPO, except that (i) each Quantum Private Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, and (ii) the Quantum Private Warrants will be non-redeemable and may be exercised on a cashless basis, in each case so long as they continue to be held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. Our stockholders have approved the issuance of the Quantum Private Warrants and underlying securities upon conversion of such notes, to the extent the holder wishes to so convert them at the time of the consummation of our initial business combination. If we do not complete a business combination, the loans would not be repaid.

In October 2021, Quantum Ventures committed to provide us up to $2,000,000 in Working Capital Loans. In February 2022, Quantum Ventures committed to provide us up to an additional $1,000,000 for a total of $3,000,000 in Working Capital Loans. Refer to Note 5 of our financial statements.

On March 14, 2022, we issued an unsecured promissory note, effective as of January 3, 2022, in the amount of up to $480,000 to Quantum Ventures as evidence of the working capital loans. The note bears no interest and is payable in full upon the earlier (i) February 9, 2023 and (ii) the effective date of the consummation of our initial business combination. Refer to Note 11 of our financial statements. The note is required to be repaid in cash at the Closing and is not convertible into Quantum Private Warrants. We may raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from Quantum Ventures or its stockholders, officers, directors, or third parties, however, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company needed approval from TradeStation to borrow amounts over $500,000. Upon the termination of the Merger Agreement, such condition is no longer applicable.

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The holders of our Founder Shares, as well as the holders of the Quantum Private Warrants (and all underlying securities), are entitled to registration and stockholder rights pursuant to a registration and stockholder rights agreement. The holders of a majority of these securities are entitled to make up to two demands that we register such securities. The holders of the majority of the founder shares can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time commencing three months prior to the date on which these shares of Common Stock are to be released from escrow. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to our consummation of a business combination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Chardan Quantum may not exercise its demand and “piggyback” registration rights after February 4, 2026 and February 4, 2028, respectively, and may not exercise its demand rights on more than one occasion. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

On October 1, 2020, we issued an unsecured promissory note to Quantum Ventures, pursuant to which we were entitled to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $200,000. The promissory note was non-interest bearing and payable on the earlier of (i) January 31, 2021 and (ii) the completion of the IPO. As of December 31, 2020, there was $130,100 in borrowings outstanding under the promissory note. The outstanding balance under the promissory note was repaid at the closing of the IPO on February 9, 2021.

We will reimburse our officers and directors for any reasonable out-of-pocket business expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on our behalf such as identifying and investigating possible target businesses and business combinations. There is no limit on the amount of out-of-pocket expenses reimbursable by us; provided, however, that to the extent such expenses exceed the available proceeds not deposited in the trust account and the interest income earned on the amounts held in the trust account, such expenses would not be reimbursed by us unless we consummate an initial business combination. Our audit committee will review and approve all reimbursements and payments made to any initial stockholder or member of our management team, or our or their respective affiliates, and any reimbursements and payments made to members of our audit committee will be reviewed and approved by our board of directors, with any interested director abstaining from such review and approval.

No compensation or fees of any kind, including finder’s fees, consulting fees or other similar compensation, will be paid to any of our initial stockholders, officers or directors who owned our shares of Common Stock prior to our IPO, or to any of their respective affiliates, prior to or with respect to the business combination (regardless of the type of transaction that it is).

We entered into indemnity agreements with each of our officers and directors. These agreements require us to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and our amended and restated articles of incorporation.

All ongoing and future transactions between us and any of our officers and directors or their respective affiliates will be on terms believed by us to be no less favorable to us than are available from unaffiliated third parties. Such transactions, including the payment of any compensation, will require prior approval by a majority of our disinterested independent directors or the members of our board who do not have an interest in the transaction, in either case who had access, at our expense, to our attorneys or independent legal counsel. We will not enter into any such transaction unless our disinterested independent directors (or, if there are no independent directors, our disinterested directors) determine that the terms of such transaction are no less favorable to us than those that would be available to us with respect to such a transaction from unaffiliated third parties.

We paid to Chardan an underwriting discount of $0.225 per unit purchased by it in our IPO. We also engaged Chardan as an advisor in connection with our business combination, pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement. We agreed to pay Chardan a marketing fee for such services upon the consummation of our initial business combination in an amount equal to, $7,043,750, or 3.5% of the gross proceeds of the IPO, including the proceeds from the full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. In connection with the Closing, AtlasClear Holdings and Chardan agreed that the fee, in the amount of $7,043,750 would be waived in exchange for the issuance by AtlasClear Holdings to Chardan of a convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $4,150,000.

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Wilson-Davis and AtlasClear Related Party Transactions

Mr. McBey entered into an employment agreement with Wilson-Davis, effective as of March 1, 2020, which terminated prior to the Closing. Mr. McBey’s employment agreement provided for him to receive a bonus upon Wilson-Davis’ completion of the Business Combination. The bonus was to be determined in part based upon the defined “Transaction Goodwill,” which was set forth in the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement as $20,000,000. That bonus would have included $100,000 plus an amount equal to 2% of the first $1,750,000 of the amount of Transaction Goodwill, 3% of the Transaction Goodwill in excess of $1,750,000 up to $4,000,000, 4% of the amount of Transaction Goodwill in excess of $4,000,000 up to $6,000,000, and 5% of the amount of Transaction Goodwill in excess of $6,000,000. Under the foregoing formula, Mr. McBey would have received a bonus of $732,500 upon the Wilson-Davis Closing. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, Mr. McBey received a $100,000 cash bonus and $267,509 in Short Term Notes and $344,991 in Long Term Notes. The Short-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 9% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time during the continuance of an event of default, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion. The Long-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 13% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, in cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time commencing six months after the Closing Date, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion (or 85% if an event of default occurs and is continuing).

Between 2003 and 2008, Wilson-Davis entered into six subordinated loan agreements totaling $650,000, all of which is payable to current and former officers and directors of Wilson-Davis. The agreements renew annually and provide for interest at 5% per annum. Wilson-Davis anticipates that all notes will be renewed for additional one-year periods, unless circumstances or Wilson-Davis requirements change. The loan principal and interest are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to all claims of present and future creditors of Wilson-Davis. These subordinated loans were not repaid upon Closing.

On November 16, 2022, AtlasClear, Atlas FinTech, and Atlas Financial Technologies, Corp., a subsidiary of Atlas FinTech, entered into the Contribution Agreement. Pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies, Corp. transferred to AtlasClear their right, title and interest in and to certain software products and intellectual property. Additionally, Atlas FinTech agreed to transfer its membership interests in Quantum Ventures and all of its right, title and interest in the underlying Founder Shares to AtlasClear.

In October 2023, certain investors provided an aggregate of $1,300,000 in subordinated demand notes which were funded on October 13, 2023. The investors included Mr. Schaible who funded $250,000 through a wholly-owned entity, Mr. Barber who funded $75,000 and other owners of Wilson-Davis. The demand notes are expected to mature on October 13, 2024 and have an interest rate of 5% per annum, payable quarterly.

On February 16, 2024, AtlasClear and Pacsquare entered into the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which certain technology assets were transferred to AtlasClear. The purchase price for the assets was $4.8 million, initially, as follows: (i) $1.9 million, consisting of (A) $100,000 payable in a cash upon delivery of the source code and execution of the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement; (B) $850,000 payable in shares of Common Stock at a price of $6.00 per share; and (C) $950,000 to be paid in four monthly installments of $237,500, payable in cash or shares of Common Stock at the price per share on the day of issuance provided the On-line Account Application and Level one Trading Platform have been delivered, and final payment for this part of the software is dependent on connectivity to FIS at the sole discretion of AtlasClear and (ii) $2.9 million to be paid ratably on a module-by-module basis upon delivery and acceptance of each of the AtlasClear Platform modules. As of the date hereof, 536,000 shares of Common Stock were issued, or become issuable, to Pacsquare pursuant to the Pacsquare Purchase Agreement, as consideration for the acquisition of the proprietary trading platform with clearing and settlement capabilities, including certain software and source code. The Company previously issued to Pacsquare 136,000 shares at a price of $6.25 per share and 200,000 shares at a price of $1.50 per share in satisfaction of a total cash amount of $1,150,000. Of the remaining purchase price, $950,000 is payable in four monthly installments of $237,500 in cash or shares of Common Stock at the price per share on the day of issuance, as source code is provided; and $2.7 million is payable on a module-by-module basis at the price per share on the day of issuance. Following the Closing, Mr. Schaible, Chief Strategy Officer of AtlasClear and Mr. Ridenhour, Chief Business Development Officer and a director of AtlasClear, each have a less than 10% ownership interest in Atlas FinTech which, prior to the Business Combination, owned 50% of AtlasClear. Mr. McBey, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of AtlasClear Holdings and AtlasClear, has also had a 50% ownership interest in AtlasClear prior to the Business Combination.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The Selling Stockholders, which as used herein includes donees, pledgees, transferees, distributees or other successors-in-interest selling shares of Common Stock or interests in our Common Stock received after the date of this prospectus from the Selling Stockholders as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or other transfer, may, from time to time, sell, transfer, distribute or otherwise dispose of certain of their shares of Common Stock or interests in our Common Stock on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which shares of our Common Stock are traded or in private transactions. These dispositions may be at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market price, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices.

The Selling Stockholders may use any method permitted under applicable law, including one or more of the following methods when disposing of their shares of Common Stock or interests therein:

●

ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;

●

one or more underwritten offerings;

●

block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares of Common Stock as agent, but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

●

purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its accounts;

●

an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;

●

privately negotiated transactions;

●

distributions to their employees, members, partners or shareholders;

●

in “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, at negotiated prices, at prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices, including sales made directly on a national securities exchange or sales made through a market maker other than on an exchange or other similar offerings through sales agents;

●

short sales effected after the date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective by the SEC;

●

through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;

●

in market transactions, including transactions on a national securities exchange or quotations service or over-the-counter market;

●

directly to one or more purchasers;

●

delayed delivery requirements;

●

in settlement of short sales entered into after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part;

●

by pledge to secure debts and other obligations;

●

through agents;

●

broker-dealers may agree with the Selling Stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares of Common Stock at a stipulated price per share; and

●

a combination of any such methods of sale.

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The Selling Stockholders may, from time to time, pledge or grant a security interest in some shares of our Common Stock owned by them and, if a Selling Stockholder defaults in the performance of its secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell such shares of Common Stock from time to time, under this prospectus, or under an amendment or supplement to this prospectus amending the list of the Selling Stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as the Selling Stockholders under this prospectus. The Selling Stockholders also may transfer shares of our Common Stock in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.

In connection with the sale of shares of our Common Stock or interests therein, the Selling Stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of our Common Stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Stockholders may also sell shares of our Common Stock short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge shares of our Common Stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The Selling Stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one or more derivative securities that require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares of our Common Stock offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

The aggregate proceeds to the Selling Stockholders from the sale of shares of our Common Stock offered by them will be the purchase price of such shares of our Common Stock less discounts or commissions, if any. The Selling Stockholders reserve the right to accept and, together with their agents from time to time, to reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of share of our Common Stock to be made directly or through agents. We will not receive any of the proceeds from any offering by the Selling Stockholders.

The Selling Stockholders also may in the future resell a portion of our Common Stock in open market transactions in reliance upon Rule 144 under the Securities Act, provided that they meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of that rule, or pursuant to other available exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. Any discounts, commissions, concessions or profit they earn on any resale of shares of our Common Stock may be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. If any Selling Stockholder is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act, then the Selling Stockholder will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. Underwriters and their controlling persons, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us and the Selling Stockholders, to indemnification against and contribution toward specific civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

To the extent required, our Common Stock to be sold, the respective purchase prices and public offering prices, the names of any agent, dealer or underwriter, and any applicable discounts, commissions, concessions or other compensation with respect to a particular offer will be set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement or, if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement that includes this prospectus.

To facilitate the offering of shares of our Common Stock offered by the Selling Stockholders, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our Common Stock. This may include over-allotments or short sales, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more shares of Common Stock than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of our Common Stock by bidding for or purchasing shares of Common Stock in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if shares of Common Stock sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of our Common Stock at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.

Under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have agreed to indemnify the Selling Stockholders party thereto against certain liabilities that they may incur in connection with the sale of the securities registered hereunder, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments that the Selling Stockholders may be required to make with respect thereto. In addition, we and the Selling Stockholders may agree to indemnify any underwriter, broker-dealer or agent against certain liabilities related to the selling of the securities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.

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We have agreed to pay all expenses in connection with this offering, other than underwriting fees, discounts, selling commissions, stock transfer taxes and certain legal expenses. The Selling Stockholders will pay, on a pro rata basis, any underwriting fees, discounts, selling commissions, stock transfer taxes and certain legal expenses relating to the offering.

The Selling Stockholders may use this prospectus in connection with resales of shares of our Common Stock. This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement will identify the Selling Stockholders, the terms of our Common Stock and any material relationships between us and the Selling Stockholders. Selling Stockholders may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act in connection with shares of our Common Stock they resell and any profits on the sales may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Unless otherwise set forth in a prospectus supplement, the Selling Stockholders will receive all the net proceeds from the resale of shares of our Common Stock.

A Selling Stockholder that is an entity may elect to make an in-kind distribution of Common Stock to its members, partners or shareholders pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part by delivering a prospectus. To the extent that such members, partners or shareholders are not affiliates of ours, such members, partners or shareholders would thereby receive freely tradable shares of Common Stock pursuant to the distribution through a registration statement.

LEGAL MATTERS

Greenberg Traurig, LLP has passed upon the validity of the Common Stock by this prospectus and certain other legal matters related to this prospectus.

EXPERTS

The financial statements of Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, included in this prospectus, have been audited by Haynie & Company, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report appearing herein (which contains an explanatory paragraph relating to substantial doubt about the ability of Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation to continue as a going concern as described in Note 1 to the financial statements), and are included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Common Stock offered hereby. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the Company, the Common Stock, reference is made to the registration statement and the exhibits and any schedules filed therewith.

Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and in each instance, if such contract or document is filed as an exhibit, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.

The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov, from which interested persons can electronically access the registration statement, including the exhibits and any schedules thereto and which contains the periodic reports, proxy and information statements and other information that we file electronically with the SEC.

We are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and we are required to file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These reports, proxy statements, and other information are available for inspection and copying at the SEC’s website referred to above. We also maintain a website at https://investors.atlasclear.com, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation	Page
Audited Financial Statements
Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Haynie & Company PCAOB ID # 457)	F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-3
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-6

Wilson-Davis & Co.	Page
Unaudited Financial Statements
Condensed Financial Statements
Condensed Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-28
Condensed Statements of Operations for the Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-29
Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-30
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-31
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	F-33

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corp. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Substantial Doubt about the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company’s business plan is dependent on the completion of a business combination and the Company’s cash and working capital as of December 31, 2023. Subsequent to year end, the Company did complete a business combination. However, the Company does have limited liquidity and needs to raise additional capital to maintain operations. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to raise the additional capital. These factors raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Haynie & Company
Haynie & Company
Salt Lake City, Utah
April 16, 2024

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.

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QUANTUM FINTECH ACQUISITION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	619,554	$	129,560
Prepaid expenses		—		33,652
Due from Atlas Clear		58,828		—
Total Current Assets		678,382		163,212

Marketable securities held in Trust Account		54,799,478		204,044,469
TOTAL ASSETS	$	55,477,860	$	204,207,681

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE COMMON STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	4,784,869	$	4,276,705
Non-redemption agreement liability		1,441,653		—
Income taxes payable		725,891		536,853
Excise taxes payable		1,528,101		—
Advance from related parties		3,104,097		319,166
Promissory note – related party		480,000		480,000
Total Current Liabilities		12,064,611		5,612,724

Warrant liability		307,656		184,594
Total Liabilities		12,372,267		5,797,318

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 6)
Common Stock subject to possible redemption; 5,050,384 and 20,125,000 shares at redemption value of $10.81 and $10.11, respectively, per share at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively		54,618,469		203,420,202

Stockholders’ Deficit
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding		—		—
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 5,031,250 shares issued and outstanding (excluding 5,050,384 and 20,125,000 shares subject to possible redemption) at December 31, 2023 and 2022		503		503
Additional paid-in capital		—		—
Accumulated deficit		(11,513,379)		(5,010,342)
Total Stockholders’ Deficit		(11,512,876)		(5,009,839)
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE COMMON STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT	$	55,477,860	$	204,207,681

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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QUANTUM FINTECH ACQUISITION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS


	For the Year Ended
	December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating and formation costs	$	2,737,871	$	3,024,231
Loss from operations		(2,737,871)		(3,024,231)

Other income:
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(123,062)		6,953,336
Change in fair value of PIPE derivative liability		—		4,566,000
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account		3,090,086		3,087,315
Change in fair value of non-redemption agreement liability		439,787		—
Net gain on settlement		829,853		—
Interest income - bank		22,195		—
Other income, net		4,258,859		14,606,651

Income before provision for income taxes		1,520,988		11,582,420
Provision for income taxes		(726,038)		(536,853)
Net income	$	794,950	$	11,045,567

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, redeemable Common Stock		6,898,644		20,125,000
Basic and diluted net income per share, redeemable Common Stock	$	0.07	$	0.44
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, non-redeemable Common Stock		5,031,250		5,031,250
Basic and diluted net income per share, non-redeemable Common Stock	$	0.07	$	0.44

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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QUANTUM FINTECH ACQUISITION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022


				Additional				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Deficit
Balance – December 31, 2021	5,031,250	$	503	$	—	$	(13,885,707)	$	(13,885,204)

Accretion of Common Stock subject to Redemption	—		—		—		(2,170,202)		(2,170,202)

Net income	—		—		—		11,045,567		11,045,567

Balance – December 31, 2022	5,031,250		503		—		(5,010,342)		(5,009,839)

Excise taxes related to redemptions	—		—		—		(1,528,101)		(1,528,101)

Cancellation of admin fees	—		—		120,000		—		120,000

Fair value of non-redemption agreement liability at issuance	—		—		—		(1,881,440)		(1,881,440)

Accretion of Common Stock subject to Possible Redemption	—		—		(120,000)		(3,888,446)		(4,008,446)

Net income	—		—		—		794,950		794,950

Balance – December 31, 2023	5,031,250	$	503	$	—	$	(11,513,379)	$	(11,512,876)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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QUANTUM FINTECH ACQUISITION CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	For the Year Ended
	December 31,
	2023		2022

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	794,950	$	11,045,567
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Change in fair value of warrant liability		123,062		(6,953,336)
Change in fair value of PIPE derivative liability		—		(4,566,000)
Change in fair value of non-redemption agreement liability		(439,787)		—
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account		(3,090,086)		(3,087,315)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses		33,652		305,798
Due from Atlas Clear		(58,828)		—
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		628,164		1,634,174
Income taxes payable		189,038		536,853
Net cash used in operating activities		(1,819,835)		(1,084,259)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Cash withdrawn from Trust Account to pay franchise and income taxes		1,374,898		351,474
Investment of cash into Trust Account		(1,850,000)		—
Cash withdrawn from Trust Account in connection with redemption		152,810,179		—
Net cash provided by investing activities		152,335,077		351,474

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from promissory note - related party		—		480,000
Repayment of advances from related party		(70,500)		—
Advances from related party		2,855,431		319,166
Redemption of Common Stock		(152,810,179)		—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(150,025,248)		799,166

Net Change in Cash		489,994		66,381
Cash – Beginning		129,560		63,179
Cash – Ending	$	619,554	$	129,560

Supplementary cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	537,000	$	—

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Initial Classification of non-redemption agreement liability	$	1,881,440	$	—
Cancellation of admin fees	$	120,000	$	—
Excise tax related to redemptions	$	1,528,101	$	—
Accretion of Common Stock subject to possible redemption	$	4,008,446	$	2,170,202

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS

Calculator New Pubco, Inc. (the “Registrant”) is a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Quantum formed solely for the purpose of effectuating the Business Combination. On February 9, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), the registrant consummated the previously announced transactions pursuant to that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated November 16, 2022 (as amended, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among the registrant, Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation (“Quantum”), Calculator Merger Sub 1, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the registrant (“Merger Sub 1”), Calculator Merger Sub 2, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the registrant (“Merger Sub 2”), AtlasClear, Inc., a Wyoming corporation (“AtlasClear”), Atlas FinTech Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas FinTech”) and Robert McBey. The transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are hereinafter referred to as the “Business Combination.” In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the registrant changed its name from “Calculator New Pubco, Inc.” to “AtlasClear Holdings, Inc.” (hereinafter referred to as “AtlasClear Holdings”). As of December 31, 2023 the registrant, was a wholly owned subsidiary of Quantum and had minimal activity since its inception, as such the financial statements represent the consolidated financial statement of Quantum as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Quantum was incorporated in Delaware on October 1, 2020. Quantum is a blank check company formed for the purpose of entering into a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (the “Business Combination”).

Quantum has three wholly owned subsidiaries. Calculator New Pubco, Inc, a Delaware corporation, and Calculator Merger Sub I, Inc., a Delaware corporation, were formed on October 13, 2022. Calculator Merger Sub II, LLC (“Merger Sub II”), a Delaware corporation was formed on October 17, 2022. Quantum and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as “the Company”.

The Company is an early stage and emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early stage and emerging growth companies.

On November 4, 2021, the Company entered into a Merger Agreement by and among the Company, TradeStation, and Merger Sub. The Merger Agreement, as amended, and other parties thereto, were described in previous filings. On August 2, 2022, the Company received a notice from TradeStation that purported to terminate the Merger Agreement pursuant to Section 12.01(c) thereof (the “Purported Termination Notice”). Section 12.01(c) provides that the Merger Agreement may be terminated by either party if the merger of the Company with Merger Sub has not occurred on or before August 1, 2022 (the “Termination Date”); provided that such termination right is not available to any party whose breach of any provision of the Merger Agreement has been the primary cause of, or primarily resulted in, the failure of the closing of the Business Combination to occur on or before such date. On August 2, 2022, the Company sent a letter to TradeStation stating that TradeStation is not permitted to terminate the Merger Agreement pursuant to Section 12.01(c) because TradeStation’s breaches of, and failure to perform under, the Merger Agreement are the primary cause of the failure of the closing of the Business Combination to occur on or before the Termination Date. On November 15, 2022, the Company sent a notice to TradeStation terminating the Merger Agreement pursuant to Section 12.01(b) thereof.

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into a Business Combination Agreement by and among the Company, Calculator New Pubco, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“New Pubco”), Calculator Merger Sub 1, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of New Pubco (“Merger Sub 1”), Calculator Merger Sub 2, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of New Pubco (“Merger Sub 2”), AtlasClear, Inc., a Wyoming corporation (“AtlasClear”), Atlas FinTech Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas FinTech”) and Robert McBey (see Note 6).

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity through December 31, 2023 relates to the Company’s formation, the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”), which is described below, and identifying a target company for a Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of a Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company generates non-operating income and expenses in the form of investment income from the proceeds derived from the Initial Public Offering and change in fair value of derivative liabilities.

The registration statements for the Company’s Initial Public Offering were declared effective on February 4, 2021. On February 9, 2021, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of 17,500,000 units (the “Units” and, with respect to the shares of Common Stock included in the Units sold, the “Public Shares”), at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $175,000,000, which is described in Note 3.

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Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of 5,562,500 warrants (each, a “Private Warrant” and, collectively, the “Private Warrants”) at a price of $1.00 per Private Warrant in a private placement to Quantum Ventures LLC (“Quantum Ventures”), who purchased 4,450,000 Private Warrants and Chardan Quantum LLC (“Chardan Quantum” and together with Quantum Ventures, the “Co-Sponsors”) who purchased 1,112,500 Private Warrants, generating gross proceeds of $5,562,500, which is described in Note 4.

Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering on February 9, 2021, an amount of $175,000,000 ($10.00 per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Warrants was placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”), invested in U.S. government treasury bills, notes or bonds having a maturity of 185 days or less and/or (ii) in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), as determined by the Company, until the earlier of: (i) the consummation of a Business Combination or (ii) the distribution of the funds in the Trust Account to the Company’s stockholders, as described below.

On February 12, 2021, the underwriters fully exercised their over-allotment option, resulting in an additional 2,625,000 Units issued for an aggregate amount of $26,250,000. In connection with the underwriters’ full exercise of their over-allotment option, the Company also consummated the sale of an additional 590,625 Private Warrants at $1.00 per Private Warrant, generating total proceeds of $590,625. A total of $26,250,000 was deposited into the Trust Account, bringing the aggregate proceeds held in the Trust Account to $201,250,000.

Transaction costs amounted to $5,017,526, consisting of $4,528,125 of underwriting fees, and $489,401 of other offering costs. Offering costs amounting to $5,008,178 were charged to stockholders’ equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering, and $9,348 of the offering costs were related to the warrant liability and charged to the operating and formation costs in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward completing a Business Combination. The Company must complete a Business Combination having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (as defined below) (excluding the taxes payable on income earned on the Trust Account) at the time of the agreement to enter into an initial Business Combination. The Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-Business Combination company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a Business Combination successfully.

On February 6, 2023, as approved by the Company’s stockholders at the special meeting in lieu of annual meeting of stockholders held (the “Special Meeting”), the Company entered into an amendment to the Investment Management Trust Agreement on February 6, 2023 (the “Trust Amendment”) and filed an amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State on February 6, 2023 (the “Charter Amendment”). Pursuant to the Trust Amendment, the amendment extended the initial date on which the Company must commence liquidation of the Trust Account to up to August 9, 2023, or such earlier date as determined by the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”), unless the closing of the Company’s initial business combination shall have occurred, provided that Quantum Ventures (or its affiliates or permitted designees) will deposit into a trust account established for the benefit of the Company’s public stockholders (the “Trust Account”) an amount determined by multiplying $0.055 by the number of public shares then outstanding, up to a maximum of $175,000 for each such one-month extension unless the closing of the Company’s initial business combination shall have occurred, in exchange for a non-interest bearing, unsecured promissory note payable upon consummation of a business combination. In connection with the Special Meeting, the holders of 14,667,626 shares of Common Stock of the Company properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash at a redemption price of approximately $10.13 per share, for an aggregate redemption amount of approximately $148.5 million.

On August 2, 2023, the Company completed the transfer of the listing of the public shares from the New York Stock Exchange to the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”). Also effective August 2, 2023, the Company’s units were mandatorily separated into shares of Common Stock and warrants underlying the units, and the units no longer trade on the New York Stock Exchange. The Common Stock included in the units trades on the NYSE, and the warrants included in the units continued to trade on the over-the-counter market. This was a mandatory and automatic separation, and no action was required by the holders of the units.

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On August 4, 2023 at a special meeting, the stockholders approved a proposal to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, to extend the date by which the Company has to consummate a business combination for an additional six months, from August 9, 2023 to up to February 9, 2024, by electing to extend the date to consummate an initial business combination on a monthly basis for up to six times by an additional one month each time, provided that Quantum Ventures (or its affiliates or permitted designees) will deposit into the Trust Account an amount determined by multiplying $0.04 by the number of public shares then outstanding, up to a maximum of $160,000 for each such one-month extension unless the closing of the Company’s initial business combination shall have occurred, in exchange for a non-interest bearing, unsecured promissory note payable upon consummation of a business combination. In connection with the special meeting on August 4, 2023, the holders of 406,990 shares of Common Stock of the Company properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash at a redemption price of approximately $10.53 per share, for an aggregate redemption amount of approximately $4.3 million.

On November 3, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of stockholders (the “November Meeting”), which was called to approve the proposals relating to the entry into and consummation of the Business Combination Agreement. An aggregate of 8,500,897 shares of Quantum’s Common Stock that were entitled to vote as of the record date of September 18, 2023, were represented in person or by proxy at the November Meeting. In connection with the November Meeting, stockholders holding 4,940,885 shares of Quantum’s Common Stock (the “Public Shares”) exercised (and did not subsequently reverse) their right to redeem their shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in Quantum’s trust account (the “Trust Account”). The trustee of the Trust Account is calculating the final amount of the funds to be removed from the Trust Account in connection with such redemptions, but the current preliminary calculations are that approximately $53.0 million (approximately $10.73 per Public Share) will be removed from the Trust Account to pay such holders.

The Company had until up to February 9, 2024 to complete a Business Combination (the “Combination Period”). On February 9, 2024, the Company completed its business combination with AtlasClear Inc. (see Note 6 and 10.)

The Business Combination will be accounted for in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, with Quantum considered to be the accounting acquirer of Wilson-Davis. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the preliminary purchase price is allocated to the underlying tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair market values, with the excess purchase price, if any, allocated to goodwill. Costs related to the transaction are expensed as incurred.

Quantum was deemed the accounting acquirer based on the following factors: i) Quantum will be issuing cash and shares of its common stock; ii) Quantum will control the voting rights under the no redemption and the maximum contractual redemption scenarios; iii) Quantum will have the largest minority voting interest; iv) Quantum will have control over the Board; and most of senior management of the post-combination company will be former Quantum officers.

Going Concern

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $619,554 in its operating bank accounts ($619,554 of which is required to be used to pay taxes, as described below), $54,799,478 in marketable securities held in the Trust Account to be used for a Business Combination or to repurchase or redeem stock in connection therewith and a working capital deficit of $11,386,299.

In October 2021, Quantum Ventures committed to provide the Company an aggregate of $2,000,000 in loans in connection with the Working Capital Loans as described in Note 5. The Company may raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from Quantum Ventures or its stockholders, officers, directors, or third parties. The Company’s officers and directors and Quantum Ventures may, but are not obligated to (except as described above), loan the Company funds, from time to time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs. The Company has drawn $480,000 on the promissory note, evidencing the Working Capital Loans, as of December 31, 2023 (see Note 5). In February 2022, Quantum Ventures committed to provide the Company an additional $1,000,000 for a total of $3,000,000 in loans in connection with the Working Capital Loans as described in Note 5.

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Through the date of this filing, the Co-Sponsors have advanced an aggregate total of $3,116,097 to the Company.

In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 205-40, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern,” the liquidity of the Company raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through the twelve months following the issuance of the financial statements. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations and reducing overhead expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. No adjustments have been made to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities as a result of this uncertainty.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. domestic corporations and certain U.S. domestic subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations occurring on or after January 1, 2023. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its shareholders from which shares are repurchased. The amount of the excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out and prevent the abuse or avoidance of the excise tax.

Any redemption or other repurchase that occurs after December 31, 2022, in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases in connection with the Business Combination, extension or otherwise, (ii) the structure of a Business Combination, (iii) the nature and amount of any “PIPE” or other equity issuances in connection with a Business Combination (or otherwise issued not in connection with a Business Combination but issued within the same taxable year of a Business Combination) and (iv) the content of regulations and other guidance from the Treasury. In addition, because the excise tax would be payable by the Company and not by the redeeming holder, the mechanics of any required payment of the excise tax have not been determined. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a Business Combination and in the Company’s ability to complete a Business Combination.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

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Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s consolidated financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the consolidated financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. The more significant accounting estimates included in these consolidated financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the Private Warrant liabilities, and fair value of the sale of the Founder Shares. Such estimates may be subject to change as more current information becomes available and accordingly the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all operating accounts that hold money market funds held and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had cash equivalents of $619,554 and $0, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were held in mutual funds which are invested primarily in U.S. Treasury securities. All of the Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as trading securities. Trading securities are presented on the balance sheets at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of investments held in Trust Account are included in income earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The estimated fair values of investments held in Trust Account are determined using available market information.

Offering Costs

Offering costs consisted of legal, and other expenses incurred through the Initial Public Offering that were directly related to the Initial Public Offering. Offering costs were allocated to the separable financial instruments issued in the Initial Public Offering based on a relative fair value basis, compared to total proceeds received. Offering costs allocated to Private Warrant liabilities were expensed as incurred in the statements of operations. Offering costs associated with the Common Stock issued were initially charged to temporary equity and then accreted to Common Stock subject to redemption upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering. Offering costs amounting to $5,008,178 were charged to stockholders’ equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering, and $9,348 of the offering costs were related to the warrant liability and charged to the operating and formation costs in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Warrant Liabilities

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own Common Stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the Private Warrants was estimated using a Binomial lattice model approach (see Note 9).

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

The Company accounts for its Common Stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC 480. Common Stock subject to mandatory redemption are classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable Common Stock (including Common Stock that features redemption rights that is either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, Common Stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s Common Stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, all Common Stock subject to possible redemption is presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ deficit section of the Company’s balance sheets.

The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable Common Stock to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. The accretion of redeemable Common Stock during the year ended December 31, 2023 was an increase of $4,008,446, which represents cumulative earnings and withdrawals on the Trust Account through December 31, 2023, net of reimbursable income and franchise tax obligations as of December 31, 2023. The dissolution expense of $100,000 is not included in the redemption value of the Common Stock subject to redemption since it is only taken into account in the event of the Company’s liquidation. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable Common Stock resulted in charges against additional paid-in capital, to the extent available, and accumulated deficit.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Common Stock reflected in the balance sheets is reconciled in the following table:


Common Stock subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2021	$	201,250,000
Plus:
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value		2,170,202
Common Stock subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2022		203,420,202
Less:
Redemption		(152,810,179)
Plus:
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value		4,008,446
Common Stock subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2023	$	54,618,469

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Income Taxes

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

Net Income per Common Stock

The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Net income per share of Common Stock is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding for the period. Income is allocated between redeemable and non-redeemable shares based on relative amounts of weighted average shares outstanding. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Common Stock is excluded from income per share as the redemption value approximates fair value.

The calculation of diluted net income per share does not consider the effect of the PIPE derivative liability nor the warrants issued in connection with the (i) Initial Public Offering, and (ii) the private placement. The calculation excludes the dilutive impact of these instruments because the issuance of the securities underlying the exercise of the warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events. The warrants are exercisable to purchase 16,215,625 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any dilutive securities or other contracts that could, potentially, be exercised or converted into Common Stocks and then share in the earnings of the Company. As a result, diluted net income per share of Common Stock is the same as basic net income per Common Stock for the periods presented.

The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share of Common Stock (in dollars, except share amounts):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023				2022
			Non-				Non-
	Redeemable		redeemable		Redeemable		redeemable
Basic and diluted net income per share of Common Stock
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	460,174	$	335,609	$	8,836,454	$	2,209,113
Denominator:
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding		6,898,644		5,031,250		20,125,000		5,031,250
Basic and diluted net income per share of Common Stock	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.44	$	0.44

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution, which, at times may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Coverage of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature, except for warrant liabilities (see Note 9).

The non-redemption agreement liability was recorded at its initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the non-redemption agreement liability were recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the non-redemption agreement liability is discussed in Note 9.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC 815. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the issuance date and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

The PIPE derivative was terminated in congruence with the termination of the Merger Agreement with TradeStation. The PIPE derivative met the criteria for derivative liability classification. As such, the PIPE derivative liability was recorded at its initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative liability were recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the derivative liability is discussed in Note 9.

Recent Accounting Standards

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3. PUBLIC OFFERING

Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering, the Company sold 20,125,000 Units, inclusive of 2,625,000 Units sold to the underwriters on February 12, 2021 upon the underwriters’ election to fully exercise their over-allotment option, at a purchase price of $10.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one share of Common Stock and one redeemable warrant (“Public Warrant”). Each Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one-half of one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per whole share (see Note 8).

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NOTE 4. PRIVATE PLACEMENT

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, Quantum Ventures purchased 4,450,000 Private Warrants and Chardan Quantum purchased 1,112,500 Private Warrants, in each case, at a price of $1.00 per Private Warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $5,562,500, in a private placement. On February 12, 2021, in connection with the underwriters’ election to fully exercise their over-allotment option, the Company sold an additional 590,625 Private Warrants to the Co-Sponsors, at a price of $1.00 per Private Warrant, generating gross proceeds of $590,625. Each Private Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 8).

NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Founder Shares

On October 23, 2020, Quantum Ventures purchased 4,312,500 shares (the “Founder Shares”) of the Company’s Common Stock for an aggregate price of $25,000. In January 2021, Quantum Ventures sold 813,500 Founder Shares to Chardan Quantum and 35,000 Founder Shares to each of the Company’s directors and director nominees, in each case at the original price per share, resulting in Quantum Ventures holding a balance of 3,254,000 Founder Shares. On February 4, 2021, the Company effected a stock dividend of 718,750 shares with respect to its Common Stock, resulting in the initial stockholders holding an aggregate of 5,031,250 Founder Shares. The Founder Shares included an aggregate of up to 656,250 shares that were subject to forfeiture. As a result of the underwriters’ election to fully exercise their over-allotment option on February 12, 2021, no Founder Shares are currently subject to forfeiture.

At the time of the Initial Public Offering, the initial stockholders placed the Founder Shares into an escrow account maintained by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company until (1) with respect to 50% of the Founder Shares, the earlier of six months after the completion of a Business Combination and the date on which the closing price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.50 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing after a Business Combination and (2) with respect to the remaining 50% of the Founder Shares, six months after the completion of a Business Combination, or earlier, in either case, if, subsequent to a Business Combination, the Company completes a liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Common Stock for cash, securities or other property. If the Company seeks stockholder approval in connection with a Business Combination, the Co-Sponsors have (a) agreed to vote their Founder Shares and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Initial Public Offering in favor of approving a Business Combination and (b) not to redeem any shares in connection with a stockholder vote to approve a Business Combination or sell any shares to the Company in a tender offer in connection with a Business Combination.

The sale of the Founders Shares to the Company’s directors and director nominees is in the scope of FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). Under ASC 718, stock-based compensation associated with equity-classified awards is measured at fair value upon the grant date. The fair value of the 245,000 shares granted to the Company’s directors and director nominees was $1,462,650 or $5.97 per share. The Founders Shares were granted subject to a performance condition (i.e., the occurrence of a Business Combination). Compensation expense related to the Founders Shares is recognized only when the performance condition is probable of occurrence under the applicable accounting literature in this circumstance. As of December 31, 2023, the Company determined that a Business Combination is not considered probable, and, therefore, no stock-based compensation expense has been recognized. Stock-based compensation would be recognized at the date a Business Combination is considered probable (i.e., upon consummation of a Business Combination) in an amount equal to the number of Founders Shares times the grant date fair value per share (unless subsequently modified) less the amount initially received for the purchase of the Founders Shares. Since the transaction closed on February 9, 2024 the transaction will be recognized in the first quarter.

Administrative Services Agreement

The Company agreed, commencing on February 4, 2021, to pay Quantum Ventures a total of $10,000 per month for office space, utilities and secretarial support. Upon completion of the Business Combination or the Company’s liquidation, the Company will cease paying these monthly fees. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $120,000, in fees for these services. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheets is $0 and $120,000, respectively, for these services.

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On May 9, 2023, Quantum Ventures notified the Company that the administrative support fee of $10,000 will no longer be charged and cancelled all outstanding fees due amounting to $120,000. The cancelled fee was accounted for as contributed capital in additional paid-in-capital.

Promissory Note – Related Party

On October 1, 2020, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to Quantum Ventures (the “Promissory Note”), pursuant to which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $200,000. The Promissory Note is non-interest bearing and payable on the earlier of (i) January 31, 2021 and (ii) the completion of the Initial Public Offering. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was no balance under this Promissory Note. The outstanding amount of $154,057 was repaid at the closing of the Initial Public Offering on February 9, 2021.

Related Party Loans

In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, Quantum Ventures or an affiliate of Quantum Ventures, or certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). Such Working Capital Loans would be evidenced by promissory notes. The notes may be repaid upon completion of a Business Combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $1,500,000 of notes may be converted upon completion of a Business Combination into warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant. Such warrants would be identical to the Private Warrants. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans.

In October 2021, Quantum Ventures committed to provide the Company an aggregate of $2,000,000 in loans in connection with the Working Capital Loans. In February 2022, Quantum Ventures committed to provide the Company an additional $1,000,000 for a total of $3,000,000 in loans in connection with the Working Capital Loans.

On March 14, 2022, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note, effective as of January 3, 2022, in the amount of up to $480,000 to Quantum Ventures to evidence the Working Capital Loans. The note bears no interest and is payable in full upon the earlier (i) February 9, 2023 and (ii) the effective date of the consummation of our initial business combination. The note is required to be repaid in cash at the Closing and is not convertible into Private Warrants. As of December 31, 2023, a principal balance of $480,000 has been advanced. The promissory note is past due as of December 31, 2023 and on February 9, 2024, during the Closing of the Business Combination, the unsecured promissory note was settled (see Note 10.)

Advances from Related Parties

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Co-Sponsors have advanced $3,104,097 and $319,166, respectively, to the Company. Through the date of this filing, the Co-Sponsors have advanced an additional $795,000 for an aggregate of $3,116,097 advanced to the Company.

NOTE 6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Registration Rights

Pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into on February 4, 2021, the holders of the Founder Shares, as well as the holders of the Private Warrants (and underlying securities) and any warrants issued in payment of Working Capital Loans made to the Company (and underlying securities) will have registration and stockholder rights pursuant to an agreement to be signed prior to or on the effective date of the Initial Public Offering. The holders of a majority of these securities are entitled to make up to two demands that the Company register such securities. The holders of the majority of the insider shares can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time commencing three months prior to the date on which these shares of Common Stock are to be released from escrow. The holders of a majority of the Private Warrants (and underlying securities) can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time after the consummation of a Business Combination. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the consummation of a Business Combination. The registration and stockholder rights agreement does not contain liquidating damages or other cash settlement provisions resulting from delays in registering the Company’s securities. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

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Underwriting Agreement

The Company granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to 2,625,000 additional Units to cover over-allotments at the Initial Public Offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. On February 12, 2021, the underwriter’s elected to fully exercise the over-allotment option to purchase an additional 2,625,000 Public Units at a price of $10.00 per Public Unit.

Business Combination Marketing Agreement

The Company engaged the underwriters as advisors in connection with a Business Combination to assist the Company in holding meetings with its stockholders to discuss the potential Business Combination and the target business’s attributes, introduce the Company to potential investors that are interested in purchasing the Company’s securities in connection with the potential Business Combination, assist the Company in obtaining stockholder approval for the Business Combination and assist the Company with its press releases and public filings in connection with the Business Combination. The Company will pay the underwriters the marketing fee for such services upon the consummation of our initial business combination in an amount equal to, in the aggregate, 3.5% of the gross proceeds of the Initial Public offering or $7,043,750. On February 9, 2024, upon the closing of the Business Combination, the $7,043,750 fee was waived in exchange for the issuance by the Company to the Underwriters a convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $4,150,000. Such note (the “Chardan Note”) was issued by the Company at the Closing.

Business Combination Agreement

Throughout the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted or otherwise suggested by context, the “Company” refers to Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, and to AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. after the consummation of the Business Combination.

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”) by and among the Company, Calculator New Pubco, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“New Pubco”), Calculator Merger Sub 1, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of New Pubco (“Merger Sub 1”), Calculator Merger Sub 2, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of New Pubco (“Merger Sub 2”), AtlasClear, Inc., a Wyoming corporation (“AtlasClear”), Atlas FinTech Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas FinTech”) and Robert McBey.

The Business Combination Agreement was unanimously approved by the Company’s Board based upon the unanimous recommendation of a special committee of independent directors. If the Business Combination Agreement is approved by the Company’s stockholders, and the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are consummated, (i) Merger Sub 1 will merge with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of New Pubco and (ii) Merger Sub 2 will merge with and into AtlasClear, with AtlasClear continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of New Pubco (collectively, the “Business Combination”).

Prior to the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), AtlasClear will receive certain assets from Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp., will complete the acquisition of broker-dealer Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc. (“WDCO”) and will seek to consummate a transaction with Pacsquare Technologies, LLC (“Pacsquare”). In addition, at Closing, the definitive agreement pursuant to which AtlasClear has agreed to acquire Commercial Bancorp, a Wyoming corporation (“CB”) shall continue to be in full force and effect (the “CB Merger Agreement”). The Company expects the Closing to occur before the closing of the transactions contemplated by the CB Merger Agreement (the “CB Closing”).

At the Closing, AtlasClear stockholders will receive merger consideration in shares of New Pubco Common Stock equal to the quotient of (i) $75.4 million, less the purchase prices for WDCO and CB, divided by (ii) $10.

In addition, the AtlasClear stockholders will receive up to 5,944,444 shares of New Pubco Common Stock (the “Earn Out Shares”). The Earn Out Shares will be issued to AtlasClear stockholders upon certain milestones (based on the achievement of certain price targets of New Pubco Common Stock following the Closing). In the event such milestones are not met within the first 18 months following the Closing, the Earn Out Shares will be forfeited. Atlas FinTech will also receive up to $20 million of New Pubco Common Stock (“Software Products Earn Out Shares”), which will be issued to Atlas FinTech upon certain milestones based on the achievement of certain revenue targets of software products contributed to AtlasClear by Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. following the Closing. The revenue targets will be measured yearly for the five years following Closing, with no catch-up between the years.

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In connection with the Closing, each share of the Company’s Common Stock (“Company Common Stock”) (other than shares held by Atlas FinTech) that is outstanding and has not been redeemed will be converted into one share of New Pubco Common Stock.

Each outstanding warrant to purchase Company Common Stock (“Company Warrant”) (other than Private Warrants, described below) will become a warrant to purchase one-half of a share of New Pubco Common Stock. Each outstanding warrant to purchase Company Common Stock initially issued in a private placement in connection with the Company’s initial public offering (“Private Warrant”) will become a warrant to purchase one share of New Pubco Common Stock.

Atlas FinTech, which directly or indirectly holds shares of Company Common Stock and Private Warrants, has agreed to transfer, or cause to transfer, up to 1,279,427 of Company Common Stock and up to 1,657,579 of the Private Warrants held indirectly by it to potential sources of debt, equity or financing if the Company pursues financing between signing and the Closing. Any of such Company Common Stock or Private Warrants remaining following any transfers for potential financing will be forfeited for no consideration.

On April 28, 2023, the Company and AtlasClear entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement (the “Amendment”). The Amendment amends the Business Combination Agreement to provide that the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the letter of intent pursuant to which AtlasClear expects to acquire certain technology assets of Pacsquare Technologies, LLC, will no longer be required to be completed prior to the closing of the Business Combination.

On August 8, 2023, the Company and AtlasClear entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Business Combination Agreement (the “Second Amendment”). The Second Amendment amends the Business Combination Agreement to extend the Outside Date to November 6, 2023.

On October 12, 2023, the Company announced the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-4 for the Business Combination Agreement.

On October 19, 2023, the Company and AtlasClear entered into a Business Combination Agreement Waiver (the “Business Combination Agreement Waiver”) to waive the Minimum Cash Condition closing condition (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) set forth in Section 8.1(j) of the Business Combination Agreement.

On November 6, 2023, the Company and AtlasClear entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Business Combination Agreement (the “Amendment”). The Amendment amends the Business Combination Agreement to extend the date after which either Quantum or AtlasClear may terminate the Business Combination Agreement from November 6, 2023 to November 22, 2023.

On February 9, 2024, the Company completed its business combination with AtlasClear (see Note 10.)

Non-Redemption Agreement

On August 1, 2023, the Company and Quantum Ventures entered into a non-redemption agreement (the “Non-Redemption Agreement”) with Funicular Funds, LP (the “Holder”) in exchange for the Holder agreeing either not to request redemption in connection with the Extension (as defined below) or to reverse any previously submitted redemption demand in connection with the Extension with respect to an aggregate of 2,351,800 shares of Common Stock at the special meeting of stockholders called by the Company to, among other things, approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to extend the date by which the Company must consummate an initial business combination to up to February 9, 2024 or such earlier date as is determined by the board of directors of the Company to be in the best interests of the Company (the “Extension”). In consideration of the foregoing agreement, immediately prior to, and substantially concurrently with, the closing of an initial business combination, (i) Quantum Ventures (or its designees or transferees) will surrender and forfeit to the Company for no consideration an aggregate of 235,180 shares of Common Stock held by Quantum Ventures (the “Forfeited Shares”) and an aggregate of 235,180 warrants held by Quantum Ventures to purchase 235,180 shares of Common Stock (the “Forfeited Warrants”) and (ii) the Company shall issue to the Holder a number shares of Common Stock equal to the number of Forfeited Shares and a number of warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock equal to the number of Forfeited Warrants. The non-redemption agreement liability was recorded at its initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the non-redemption agreement liability were recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the non-redemption agreement liability is discussed in Note 10.

As of February 9, 2024, there are no further obligations under the Non-Redemption Agreement and the agreement is terminated.

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Excise Taxes Payable

On February 6, 2023, the Company’s stockholders redeemed 14,667,626 shares of Common Stock for a total of $148,523,642. On August 4, 2023, the Company’s stockholders redeemed 406,990 shares of Common Stock for a total of $4,286,537. The Company evaluated the classification and accounting of the excise tax related to these stock redemptions under ASC 450, “Contingencies”. ASC 450 states that when a loss contingency exists the likelihood that the future event(s) will confirm the loss or impairment of an asset, or the incurrence of a liability can range from probable to remote. A contingent liability must be reviewed at each reporting period to determine appropriate treatment. The Company evaluated the current status and probability of completing a Business Combination as of December 31, 2023 and determined that a contingent liability should be calculated and recorded. As of December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $1,528,101 of excise tax liability calculated as 1% of shares redeemed.

NOTE 7. STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Preferred Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of the Company’s Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 10,081,634 and 25,156,250 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, including 5,050,384 and 20,125,000 shares of Common Stock subject to possible redemption which are presented as temporary equity, respectively.

NOTE 8. WARRANTS

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there are 20,125,000 Public Warrants outstanding that are classified and accounted for as equity instruments. The Public Warrants will become exercisable on the later of (a) the completion of a Business Combination or (b) one year from the closing of the Initial Public Offering. No Public Warrants will be exercisable for cash unless the Company has an effective and current registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to such shares of Common Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not effective within 120 days from the closing of a Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company shall have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a cashless basis pursuant to an available exemption from registration under the Securities Act. The Public Warrants will expire five years after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

●

in whole and not in part;

●

at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

●

at any time after the warrants become exercisable;

●

upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption;

●

if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the shares of Common Stock equals or exceeds $16.50 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations and recapitalizations), for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third business day prior to the notice of redemption to warrant holders; and

●

if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying the warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption.

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If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, except as described below, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of Common Stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants. If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to their warrants, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with the respect to such warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.

In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional Common Stock or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of a Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per share of Common Stock (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to the initial stockholders or their affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares or Private Warrants held by the initial stockholders or their affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and income thereon, available for the funding of a Business Combination on the date of the consummation of a Business Combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of its Common Stock during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates its Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.50 per share, the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and Newly Issued Price, and the $16.50 per share redemption trigger price will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 165% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there are 6,153,125 Private Warrants to purchase an equal number of common shares that are outstanding that are classified and accounted for as derivative liabilities. Under this accounting treatment, the Company is required to measure the fair value of the Private Warrants at the end of each reporting period as well as re-evaluate the treatment of the Private Warrants and recognize changes in the fair value from the prior period in the Company’s operating results for the current period. The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that (i) each Private Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, and (ii) the Private Warrants will be non-redeemable and may be exercised on a cashless basis, in each case so long as they continue to be held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. Additionally, the Private Warrants will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and will be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

NOTE 9. INCOME TAX

The Company’s net deferred tax assets (liability) at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:


	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Deferred tax assets (liability)
Net operating loss carryforward	$	—	$	—
Unrealized gain on marketable securities		—		—
Business combination expenses		437,530		427,319
Start up costs		974,835		745,713
Total deferred tax assets (liability)		1,412,365		1,173,032
Valuation Allowance		(1,412,365)		(1,173,032)
Deferred tax assets (liability), net of allowance	$	—	$	—

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The income tax (benefit) provision for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 consists of the following:


	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Federal
Current	$	726,038	$	536,853
Deferred		(239,332)		(575,221)

State and Local
Current		—		—
Deferred		—		—

Change in valuation allowance		239,332		575,221
Income tax provision	$	726,038	$	536,853

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has a total of $0 and $0, respectively, of U.S. federal net operating loss carryovers available to offset future taxable income. The federal net operating loss can be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had did not have any state net operating loss carryovers available to offset future taxable income.

In assessing the realization of the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion of all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. After consideration of all of the information available, management believes that significant uncertainty exists with respect to future realization of the deferred tax assets and has therefore established a full valuation allowance. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the change in the valuation allowance was $239,332. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the change in the valuation allowance was $575,221.

A reconciliation of the federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate at December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows, as restated:


	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022

Statutory federal income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
Business combination expenses	15.27	%	(0.51)	%
Change in fair value of warrant liability	1.70	%	(12.61)	%
Change in fair value of PIPE derivative liability	(6.07)	%	(8.28)	%
Transaction costs - warrants	0.0	%	0.0	%
Penalties & Interest	0.08	%	0.07	%
Valuation allowance	15.73	%	4.97	%
Income tax provision	47.71	%	4.64	%

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and is subject to examination by the various taxing authorities. The Company’s tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 remain open and subject to examination.

NOTE 10. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

●

Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets;

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●

Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

●

Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, assets held in the Trust Account were comprised of $54,799,478 and $204,044,469, respectively, in money market funds which are primarily invested in U.S. Treasury securities. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company withdrew an amount of $1,374,898 in income from the Trust Account that will be used to pay franchise and income taxes. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company withdrew an amount of $351,474 in income from the Trust Account that will be used to pay franchise and income taxes.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:


		December 31,		December 31,
Description	Level	2023		2022
Assets:
Marketable securities held in Trust Account	1	$	54,799,478	$	204,044,469

Liabilities:
Warrant liability – Private Warrants	3	$	307,656	$	184,594
Non-redemption agreement liability	3		1,441,653	$	—

The Private Warrants were accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liability in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Private Placement Warrants were, initially and as of the end of each subsequent reporting period, valued using a lattice model, specifically a Black-Scholes model, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants is the expected volatility of the Company’s Common Stock. The expected volatility of the Company’s Common Stock was determined based on the implied volatility of the publicly traded Public Warrants.

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The key inputs into the Black-Scholes model for the Private Warrants were as follows:


	December 31,			December 31,
Input	2023			2022
Market price of public shares	$	6.20		$	10.05
Risk-free rate		3.77	%		3.91	%
Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Volatility		12.0	%		2.6	%
Probability of a business combination		100.0	%		4.5	%
Exercise price	$	11.50		$	11.50
Effective expiration date		02/09/2029			02/09/2028

The non-redemption agreement liability was measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of non-redemption agreement liability in the consolidated statements of operations.

The non-redemption agreement liability is comprised of 235,180 shares of non-redeemable Common Stock and 235,180 Private Placement Warrants. The non-redeemable Common Stock was valued using a Monte Carlo model, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the non-redeemable Common Stock is equity volatility, probability of acquisition, the discount for marketability and discount for expected forfeiture.

The key inputs into the Monte Carlo model for the non-redeemable Common Stock were as follows:


	December 31,			August 1, 2023
Input	2023			(Initial Measurement)
Market price of public shares	$	6.20		$	10.57
Probability of acquisition		100.0	%		82.0	%
Equity volatility		12.0	%		19.9	%
Discount for lack of marketability		8.00	%		3.0	%
Discount for expected forfeiture		5.11	%		5.1	%

The PIPE derivative, associated with the terminated TradeStation merger agreement, was accounted for as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40. The PIPE derivative liability was measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of PIPE derivative liability in the consolidated statements of operations.

The PIPE derivative was, initially and as of March 31, 2022, valued using a Monte Carlo model, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the PIPE derivative liability is the expected volatility of the Company’s Common Stock. The expected volatility of the Company’s Common Stock was determined based on the implied volatility of the publicly traded Public Warrants.

The PIPE derivative was terminated in congruence with the Company’s termination of the merger agreement with TradeStation, and as a result, the fair value was determined to be $0 as of December 31, 2022.

The following table presents the changes in the fair value of the PIPE derivative liability and the warrant liability:


	Private		Non-Redemption		PIPE
	Placement		Agreement		Derivative
	Warrants		Liability		Liability
Fair value as of December 31, 2022	$	184,594	$	—	$	—
Initial measurement as of August 1, 2023		—		1,881,440		—
Change in valuation inputs or other assumptions		123,062		(439,787)		—
Fair value as of December 31, 2023	$	307,656	$	1,441,653	$	—

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			PIPE
	Private		Derivative
	Placement Warrants		Liability
Fair value as of December 31, 2021	$	7,137,930	4,566,000
Change in valuation inputs or other assumptions		(6,953,336)	(4,566,000)
Fair value as of December 31, 2022	$	184,594	—

There were no transfers between levels during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

NOTE 11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the consolidated financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, other than described below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

On February 9, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), the registrant consummated the previously announced transactions pursuant to that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated November 16, 2022 (as amended, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among the registrant, the Company, Calculator Merger Sub 1, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the registrant (“Merger Sub 1”), Calculator Merger Sub 2, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the registrant (“Merger Sub 2”), AtlasClear, Inc., a Wyoming corporation (“AtlasClear”), Atlas FinTech Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas FinTech”) and Robert McBey. The transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are hereinafter referred to as the “Business Combination.” In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the registrant changed its name from “Calculator New Pubco, Inc.” to “AtlasClear Holdings, Inc.” (hereinafter referred to as “AtlasClear Holdings”).

Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, (i) Merger Sub 1 merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of AtlasClear Holdings and (ii) Merger Sub 2 merged with and into AtlasClear, with AtlasClear continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of AtlasClear Holdings. Prior to the Closing, pursuant to the (i) Contribution Agreement (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), AtlasClear received certain assets from Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp., a Delaware corporation, and (ii) Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), completed the acquisition of broker-dealer, Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc. (“Wilson-Davis”). In addition, at Closing, the Bank Acquisition Agreement (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), pursuant to which AtlasClear has agreed to acquire Commercial Bancorp, a Wyoming corporation and parent of Farmers State Bank (“Commercial Bancorp”), continued to be in full force and effect. Pursuant to the transactions contemplated by a letter of intent, AtlasClear expects to acquire certain technology assets of Pacsquare Technologies, LLC (“Pacsquare”) after the Closing.

In connection with the Closing, and pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, AtlasClear Stockholders received merger consideration (the “Merger Consideration Shares”) consisting of 4,440,000 shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”). In addition, the AtlasClear Holdings Stockholders will receive up to 5,944,444 shares of Common Stock (the “Earn Out Shares”) upon certain milestones (based on the achievement of certain price targets of Common Stock following the Closing). In the event such milestones are not met within the first 18 months following the Closing, the Earn Out Shares will not be issued. Atlas FinTech will also receive up to $20 million of shares of Common Stock (“Software Products Earn Out Shares”), which will be issued to Atlas FinTech upon certain milestones based on the achievement of certain revenue targets of software products contributed to AtlasClear by Atlas FinTech and Atlas Financial Technologies Corp. following the Closing. The revenue targets will be measured yearly for five years following Closing, with no catch-up between the years.

In connection with the Closing, each share of the Company’s Common Stock (“Quantum Common Stock” or “Public Shares”) that was outstanding and had not been redeemed was converted into one share of Common Stock. Each outstanding public warrant to purchase Quantum Common Stock became a warrant to purchase one-half of a share of Common Stock. Each outstanding warrant to purchase Quantum Common Stock initially issued in a private placement in connection with Quantum’s initial public offering became a warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock.

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In connection with the stockholder vote to approve the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination, holders of an aggregate of 4,940,885 shares of Quantum Common Stock properly exercised their right to have their shares redeemed for a full pro rata portion of the Trust Account holding the proceeds from the IPO, which was approximately $10.92 per share, or $53,947,064.28 in the aggregate. The remaining balance of the Trust Account immediately prior to the Closing of approximately $1.2 million was used to partially fund the Business Combination. As a result of such redemptions, a total of 109,499 Public Shares remained outstanding at the Closing. After giving effect to the Business Combination, the redemption of the Public Shares described above, the separation of the former Company Units and the issuance of Merger Consideration Shares and the issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to Expense Settlements (described below), as of the Closing Date, there were 11,781,759 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.

In connection with the Closing, the Company instructed Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“CST”), as escrow agent under the Stock Escrow Agreement, dated as of February 4, 2021 (the “Stock Escrow Agreement”), between the Company and CST, to release from escrow 4,000,000 of the Founder Shares that were held in escrow pursuant to the terms of the Stock Escrow Agreement (consisting of 949,084 shares owned by Chardan Quantum, LLC and 3,050,916 shares owned by the Sponsor; as contemplated by the previously-disclosed amendment to the Stock Escrow Agreement entered into on October 31, 2023.

The Common Stock commenced trading on the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE”) under the symbol “ATCH” on February 12, 2024. AtlasClear Holdings’ warrants commenced trading on the over-the-counter market (the “OTC”) under the symbol “ATCH WS” on February 12, 2024.

Amendments to Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement

Prior to the Closing, AtlasClear and the Company entered into two amendments to the Broker-Dealer Acquisition Agreement with Wilson-Davis and the then-owners of Wilson-Davis (the “Wilson-Davis Sellers”), Amendment No. 8 dated January 9, 2024 (“Amendment No. 8”) and Amendment No. 9 dated February 7, 2024 (“Amendment No. 9” and, together with Amendment No. 8, the “Amendments”). Among other things, the Amendments reduced the total purchase price payable under the Broker- Dealer Acquisition Agreement by $5 million and reduced the cash payable at the Wilson-Davis Closing as part of the purchase price to $8 million, with the balance of the purchase price paid in the form of convertible promissory notes issued by AtlasClear to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, as follows: (i) $5,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 90 days after the Closing Date (the “Short-Term Notes”) and (ii) $7,971,000 in aggregate principal amount of notes due 24 months after the Closing Date (the “Long-Term Notes” and, together with the Short-Term Notes, the “Seller Notes”). The Short-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 9% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time during the continuance of an event of default, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion. The Long-Term Notes accrue interest at a rate of 13% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, in shares of Common Stock at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to payment (or, at the Company’s option, in cash), and are convertible at the option of the holder at any time commencing six months after the Closing Date, at a rate equal to 90% of the trailing seven-trading day VWAP prior to conversion (or 85% if an event of default occurs and is continuing).

The Sponsor also entered into Amendment No. 9, for the limited purpose of agreeing to transfer certain Founder Shares owned by the Sponsor to the Wilson-Davis Sellers. The Sponsor agreed to transfer to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, at the Wilson-Davis Closing, Founder Shares having an aggregate value of $6 million, based on the VWAP of Quantum Common Stock for the five trading days immediately prior to the Wilson-Davis Closing, which resulted in the transfer of an aggregate of 885,010 Founder Shares at the Closing. From time to time prior to the six month anniversary of the Closing, the Sponsor may be required to transfer additional Founder Shares to the Wilson-Davis Sellers, as set forth in Amendment No. 9, provided that in no event will the Sponsor be required to transfer more than an aggregate of 2,500,000 Founder Shares (including the Founder Shares transferred at the Closing).

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Convertible Note Financing

On February 9, 2024, the WDCO and Quantum entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Funicular Funds, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Funicular”), pursuant to which the Company sold and issued to Funicular, on that date, a secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $6,000,000 (the “Funicular Note”) for a purchase price of $6,000,000, in a private placement (the “Note Financing”). The proceeds raised in the Note Financing were used to pay a portion of the purchase price paid at Closing to the Wilson-Davis Sellers.

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Expense Settlements

In connection with the Closing, the Company and Chardan Capital Markets LLC (“Chardan”) agreed that the fee, in the amount of $7,043,750, payable by the Company to Chardan upon the Closing pursuant to the terms of the business combination marketing agreement entered into in connection with Quantum’s initial public offering, would be waived in exchange for the issuance by the Company to Chardan of a convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $4,150,000. Such note (the “Chardan Note”) was issued by the Company at the Closing.

The Chardan Note has a stated maturity date of February 9, 2028. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to 13%, and is payable quarterly on the first day of each calendar quarter. On each interest payment date, the accrued and unpaid interest shall, at the election of the Company, be either paid in cash or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, in shares of Common Stock, at a rate equal to 85% of the VWAP for the trading day immediately prior to the applicable interest payment date. The Chardan Note is convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holder at any time at a conversion price equal to 90% of the VWAP of the Common Stock for the trading day immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. In addition, on each conversion date the Company is required to pay to Chardan in cash (or, at the Company’s option and subject to certain conditions, a combination of cash and Common Stock) all accrued interest on the Chardan Note and all interest that would otherwise accrue on the amount of the Note being converted if such converted amount would be held to three years after the applicable conversion date. Conversion of the Chardan Note, including the issuance of shares to pay interest thereon, is limited to the extent that such conversion would result in Chardan (together with its affiliates and any other persons acting as a group together with Chardan or its affiliates) beneficially owning in excess of 9.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such conversion. The conversion price applicable to the Chardan Note is subject to adjustment is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and is subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for, Common Stock at a price below the then-applicable conversion price (subject to certain exceptions). The Chardan Note is subject to a demand for immediate repayment in cash upon the occurrence of certain events of default specified therein.

Indemnification Agreements

On the Closing Date, in connection with the Closing, the Company entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers, which provide for indemnification and advancements by the Company of certain expenses and costs under certain circumstances. The indemnification agreements provide that AtlasClear Holdings will indemnify each of its directors and executive officers against any and all expenses incurred by that director or executive officer because of his or her status as a director or officer of AtlasClear Holdings, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, the Amended and Restated Charter (as defined below) and the Amended and Restated Bylaws (as defined below).

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Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement

On the Closing Date, the Company, AtlasClear Holdings and CST entered into that certain Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement (the “New Warrant Agreement”). The New Warrant Agreement amends that certain Warrant Agreement, dated as of February 4, 2021, by and between the Company and CST (the “Existing Warrant Agreement”), to provide for the assignment by the Company of all its rights, title and interest in the warrants of the Company to AtlasClear Holdings. Pursuant to the New Warrant Agreement, all Company warrants under the Existing Warrant Agreement will no longer be exercisable for shares of Quantum Common Stock, but instead will be exercisable for shares of Common Stock.

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WILSON-DAVIS &CO., INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION


	December 31,		June 30,
	2023		2023
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,581,340	$	9,094,381
Cash segregated - customers		21,746,235		26,764,260
Cash segregated - PAB		200,764		200,715
Receivables – broker-dealers and clearing organizations		3,054,261		782,515
Receivables – customers, net		148,601		195,689
Other receivables		55,890		50,381
Trading securities, market value, net		464		3,598
Prepaid income tax		190,568		313,286
Prepaids		74,575		81,107
Total Current Assets		34,052,698		37,485,932

Operating Lease Right to Use Lease Asset		63,394		146,247

Cash deposits – broker-dealers and clearing organizations		2,536,664		2,536,664
Property and equipment, net		25,169		34,307
Deferred income tax		—		—
Other assets		385,058		385,058
TOTAL ASSETS	$	37,062,983	$	40,588,208

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

LIABILITIES

Payables to customers	$	23,361,523	$	27,944,467
Accounts and payables to officers/directors		670,387		679,775
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		951,366		793,596
Payables brokers-dealers and clearing organizations		20,046		19,648
Commissions, payroll and payroll taxes		179,414		207,934
Current portion of lease liability		50,441		115,952
Deferred income tax liability		900		900
Total Current Liabilities		25,234,077		29,762,272

Accrued contingent liability		100,000		100,000
Subordinated borrowings		1,950,000		650,000
Trading account deposit		100,000		100,000
Long-term lease liability		19,246		39,768
TOTAL LIABILITIES		27,403,323		30,652,040

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, $0.10 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 410,000 shares issued and outstanding		41,000		41,000
Additional paid-in-capital		303,837		303,837
Retained earnings		9,314,823		9,591,331
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		9,659,660		9,936,168

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	37,062,983	$	40,588,208

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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WILSON-DAVIS & CO., INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)


	For the Six Months
	Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
REVENUES
Commissions	$	2,282,098	$	3,759,392
Vetting fees		569,960		321,356
Clearing fees		244,192		135,053
Fees charged to customers		326,170		—
Net gain/(loss) on firm trading accounts		19,195		(15,066)
Other		9,235		54,280
TOTAL REVENUES		3,450,850		4,255,015

EXPENSES
Compensation, payroll taxes and benefits		2,172,873		2,908,599
Data processing and clearing costs		1,065,580		928,599
Regulatory, professional fees and related expenses		701,425		540,561
Communications		289,539		305,631
Occupancy and equipment		110,389		127,969
Transfer fee		77,918		30,171
Bank charges		104,436		25,958
Other		337,768		57,835
TOTAL EXPENSES		4,859,928		4,925,323

INCOME/(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS		(1,409,078)		(670,308)

OTHER INCOME/(EXPENSE)
Interest income		1,092,582		461,685
Interest expense		(56,012)		(28,905)
TOTAL OTHER INCOME/(EXPENSE)		1,036,570		432,780

NET INCOME/(LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES		(372,508)		(237,528)

Income tax benefit/(expense)		96,000		62,000

NET INCOME/(LOSS)	$	(276,508)	$	(175,528)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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WILSON-DAVIS & CO., INC.

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2022

(Unaudited)



				Additional
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Total
Balance, June 30, 2022	410,000	$	41,000	$	303,837	$	9,500,997	$	9,845,834

Net Income/(Loss)	—		—		—		(193,833)		(193,833)

Dividends paid	—		—		—		—		—

Balance, September 30, 2022	410,000	$	41,000	$	303,837	$	9,307,164	$	9,652,001

Net Income/(Loss)	—		—		—		18,305		18,305

Dividends paid	—		—		—		(41,000)		(41,000)

Balance, December 31, 2022	410,000	$	41,000	$	303,837	$	9,284,469	$	9,629,306

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

WILSON-DAVIS & CO., INC.

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2023

(Unaudited)



				Additional
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Total
Balance, June 30, 2023	410,000	$	41,000	$	303,837	$	9,591,331	$	9,936,168

Net Income/(Loss)	—		—		—		(290,239)		(290,239)

Dividends paid	—		—		—		—		—

Balance, September 30, 2023	410,000	$	41,000	$	303,837	$	9,301,092	$	9,645,929

Net Income/(Loss)	—		—		—		13,731		13,731

Dividends paid	—		—		—		—		—

Balance, December 31, 2023	410,000	$	41,000	$	303,837	$	9,314,823	$	9,659,660

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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WILSON-DAVIS & CO., INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	For the Six Months
	Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income/(loss)	$	(276,508)	$	(175,528)
Noncash revenue and expense adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization expense		9,138		14,476
Change in allowance for doubtful accounts		277,416		—
(Increase)/decrease in assets:
Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations		(2,271,746)		573,439
Receivables from customers		(230,328)		323,454
Advances and prepaid expenses		129,250		(153,416)
Trading securities, market value, net		3,134		(20,381)
Commissions receivable		5,762		9,781
Cash deposits with clearing organizations and other broker-dealers		—		(1,000,000)
Income tax receivable		—		677,248
Operating lease right-of-use asset		82,853		79,041
Other assets		(11,271)		(36,918)
Increase/(decrease) in liabilities:
Payables to customers		(4,582,944)		(12,518,507)
Accounts of and payables to officers and directors		(109,388)		(611,751)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		299,770		(606,861)
Commissions, payroll and payroll taxes payable		(28,520)		142,559
Stock loan		(42,000)		—
Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations		398		(409,429)
Operating lease liability		(86,033)		(80,289)
Net cash used in operating activities		(6,831,017)		(13,793,082)

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Cash paid for purchase of property and equipment		—		—
Cash paid for purchase of other investments		—		—
Net cash used in investing activities		—		—

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Subordinated Notes		1,300,000		—
Dividends paid		—		(41,000)
Net cash used in financing activities		1,300,000		(41,000)

Net decrease in cash and restricted cash		(5,531,017)		(13,834,082)

Cash and restricted at beginning of year		36,059,356		59,249,523
Cash and restricted cash at end of year	$	30,528,339	$	45,415,441

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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WILSON-DAVIS & CO., INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF CASH FLOW ACTIVITIES

(Unaudited)


	For the Six Months
	Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Interest paid	$	25,694	$	28,905
Income taxes paid	$	530	$	19,000

Schedule of non-cash transactions:

None

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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WILSON-DAVIS & CO., INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements

December 31, 2023

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared by Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc. (“Wilson-Davis”), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. The information furnished in the interim condensed financial statements includes normal recurring adjustments and reflects all adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of such financial statements. Wilson-Davis believes the disclosures and information presented are adequate to make the information not misleading. These interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with Wilson-Davis’s most recent audited financial statements and notes thereto included in its Annual Report for the year ended June 30, 2023. Operating results for the six months ended December 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the current fiscal year ending June 30, 2024.

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Revenue Recognition

Wilson-Davis recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method. This revenue recognition guidance requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance requires an entity to follow a five-step model to: (a) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (b) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (c) determine the transaction price, (d) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (e) recognize revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Wilson-Davis acts as an agent by selling securities to customers and collecting commissions. Wilson-Davis recognizes commissions on a trade date basis, which is the day the transaction is executed. Wilson-Davis believes that the performance obligation is satisfied on the trade date because that is when the security is selected, the price is determined, the trade is executed, and the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to/from the customer.

Wilson-Davis also receives commissions on mutual funds purchased by customers. Wilson-Davis believes that the performance obligation is not satisfied until the mutual funds are purchased by customers and recognizes the commission at that time.

Wilson-Davis performs vetting services to customers that wish to convert restricted stock to eligible trading stock. In addition, Wilson-Davis charges clearing fees to another broker-dealer for which it clears trades. Wilson-Davis recognizes revenue as the related performance obligations are satisfied.

Financial Statement Reclassification

Certain account balances from current periods have been reclassified in these financial statements to conform to prior period classifications.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the SEC, did not, or are not believed by management to, have a material impact on the Wilson-Davis’s present or future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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NOTE 3 – CASH SEGREGATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH FEDERAL REGULATIONS

Wilson-Davis is required by Rule 15c3-3 of the SEC to maintain a cash reserve with respect to customers’ transactions and credit balances, on a settlement date basis. Such a reserve is computed weekly using a formula provided by the rule, and the reserve account must be separate from all other bank accounts of Wilson-Davis. The required reserve as of June 30, 2023, was calculated to be $27,111,239. Wilson-Davis had $26,764,260 cash on deposit in the reserve account, which was $346,979 less than the amount required. On July 3, 2023, Wilson-Davis deposited $701,893 to the reserve account in accordance with the rule, which resulted in an excess of $354,914. The required reserve as of December 29, 2023, was calculated to be $20,309,118. Wilson-Davis had $20,600,000 cash on deposit in the reserve account which was $290,882 over the amount required.

Wilson-Davis is required by Rule 15c3-3 of the SEC to maintain a cash reserve with respect to broker-dealer transactions and credit balances. Such a reserve is computed weekly using a formula provided by the rule, and the reserve account must be separate from all other bank accounts of Wilson-Davis. The required reserve as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2023, was calculated to be $100,000. Wilson-Davis had $200,000 cash on deposit in the reserve account, which was $100,000 more than the amount required.

NOTE 4 – NET CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

As a broker-dealer, Wilson-Davis is subject to the uniform net capital rule adopted and administered by the SEC. The rule requires maintenance of minimum net capital and prohibits a broker-dealer from engaging in securities transactions at a time when its net capital falls below minimum requirements, as those terms are defined by the rule. Under the alternative method permitted by this rule, net capital shall not be less than the greater of $250,000 or 2% of aggregate debit items arising from customer transactions, as defined. Also, Wilson-Davis has a minimum requirement based upon the number of securities markets that it maintains. On June 30, 2023, Wilson-Davis’s net capital was $9,727,713, which was $9,477,713 in excess of the minimum required. On December 31, 2023, Wilson-Davis’s net capital was $10,882,713, which was $10,632,713 in excess of the minimum required.

NOTE 5 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

On February 27, 2018, an extended hearing panel of the Department of Enforcement of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), Office of Hearing Officers, issued its decision ordering fines aggregating $1.47 million for violations of the applicable short sales and anti-money laundering rules. Wilson-Davis appealed the decision to the National Adjudicatory Council (“NAC”). On December 19, 2019, NAC issued its decision ordering that the fines be reduced by $205,000 to an aggregate $1.265 million. Wilson-Davis made a timely appeal to the SEC to hear the case. Pursuant to FINRA rules, Wilson-Davis’s timely appeal of the decision to the SEC deferred the effectiveness of the findings and sanctions. Due to the disparity in the range of fines of similar cases, Wilson-Davis believes that the final amount is not reasonably estimable. Wilson-Davis has booked a contingent liability totaling $100,000, which represents the estimated low end of the possible range of fines. On December 28, 2023, the SEC issued an Opinion sustaining FINRA’s findings of violations against Wilson-Davis. The Opinion set aside the fines FINRA imposed on Wilson-Davis for the Reg SHO violations and the supervisory and AML violations. The SEC remanded the case to FINRA to reconsider the appropriate sanctions.

On October 16, 2023, Wilson-Davis entered into a Fifth Addendum to Lease for the Salt Lake City office. The lease is for three years.

On December 21, 2023, Wilson-Davis entered into a Second Amendment to Office Lease for the Denver office. The lease is for one year.

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NOTE 6 – CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH

Reconciliation of cash and restricted cash as shown in the condensed statements of cash flows is presented in the table below:


	For the Six Months Ended
	December 31,
	2023		2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,581,340	$	8,287,084
Cash segregated - customers		21,746,235		36,927,721
Cash segregated - PAB		200,764		200,636
Total cash and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows.	$	30,528,339	$	45,415,441

NOTE 7 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 9, 2024, the Company was acquired by Atlas Clear Holding Corporation.

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PART II - INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following table sets forth the various expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered hereby, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, all of which will be borne by the Company.


SEC registration fee		[●]
Accounting fees and expenses		*
Legal fees and expenses		*
Financial printing expenses		*
Transfer agent’s fees and expenses		*
Miscellaneous expenses		*
Total expenses	$	*

*	Estimated expenses not presently known.

Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Subsection (a) of Section 145 of the DGCL empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or who is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful.

Subsection (b) of Section 145 empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person acted in any of the capacities set forth above, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

Section 145 further provides that to the extent a director or officer of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 145, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith; that indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the indemnified party may be entitled; and the indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of such person’s heirs, executors and administrators. Section 145 also empowers the corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liabilities under Section 145.

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Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL provides that a corporation’s certificate of incorporation may contain a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Additionally, our Certificate of Incorporation limits the liability of our directors to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, and our Bylaws provide that we will indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by such law. We have entered into and expect to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify our directors, executive officers and other employees as determined by our Board. Under the terms of such indemnification agreements, we are required to indemnify each of our directors and officers, to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the state of Delaware, if the basis of the indemnitee’s involvement was by reason of the fact that the indemnitee is or was our director or officer or was serving at our request in an official capacity for another entity. We must indemnify our officers and directors under the circumstances and to the extent provided for therein, from and against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties, interest, settlements or other amounts arising from any and all threatened, pending or completed claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, and whether formal or informal, and including appeals, in which he or she may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, to the fullest extent permitted under the DGCL and the Bylaws. The indemnification agreements also require us, if so requested, to advance all reasonable fees, expenses, charges and other costs that such director or officer incurred, provided that such person will return any such advance if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification by us. Any claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.

Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

The financial statements filed as part of this registration statement are listed in the index to the financial statements immediately preceding such financial statements, which index to the financial statements is incorporated herein by reference.


Exhibit No.		Description

2.1†		Business Combination Agreement, dated as of November 16, 2022, by and among Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation, Calculator New Pubco, Inc., Calculator Merger Sub 1, Inc., Calculator Merger Sub 2, Inc., AtlasClear, Inc., Atlas FinTech Holdings Corp. and Robert McBey (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Quantum’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40009), filed with the SEC on November 17, 2022).

2.1(a)		Amendment No. 1 to Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2023, by and between Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Quantum’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40009), filed with the SEC on May 2, 2023).

2.1(b)		Amendment No. 2 to Business Combination Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2023, by and between Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Quantum’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40009), filed with the SEC on August 10, 2023).

2.1(c)		Business Combination Agreement Waiver, dated as of October 19, 2023 by and between Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Quantum’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40009), filed with the SEC on October 20, 2023).

2.1(d)		Amendment No. 3 to Business Combination Agreement, dated as of November 6, 2023, by and between Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Quantum’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40009), filed with the SEC on November 6, 2023).

2.1(e)		Amendment No. 4 to Business Combination Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2023, by and between Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Quantum’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40009), filed with the SEC on November 24, 2023).

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2.1(f)		Amendment No. 5 to Business Combination Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2023, by and between Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Quantum’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-40009), filed with the SEC on December 15, 2023).

2.1(g)		Amendment No. 6 to Business Combination Agreement, dated as of January 8, 2024, by and between Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation and AtlasClear, Inc. (File No. 001-40009), filed with the SEC on January 9, 2024).

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. (formerly Calculator New Pubco, Inc.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

3.2		Amended and Restated By-Laws of AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

4.1		Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, by and among Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation, Calculator New Pubco, Inc. and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

5.1*		Legal Opinion of Greenberg Traurig, LLP.

10.1†		Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, among Quantum FinTech Acquisition Corporation, AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. (formerly Calculator New Pubco, Inc.) and Funicular Funds, LP. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.2†		Secured Convertible Promissory Note, dated as of February 9, 2024, between AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. and Funicular Funds, LP, in favor of Funicular Funds, LP. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.3		Guaranty, dated as of February 9, 2024, by and among the Guarantors identified on the signature page thereto and each other Person that becomes a party hereto pursuant to Section 19, for the benefit of Funicular Funds, LP. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.4†		Security Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, by and among AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. and each other Grantor from time to time party thereto and Funicular Funds, LP. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.5		Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, by and among AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. (formerly Calculator New Pubco, Inc.) and Funicular Funds, LP. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.6		Convertible Promissory Note, dated as of February 9, 2024, in favor of Chardan Capital Markets, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.7		Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2024, by and between AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.8		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated November 16, 2022, by and among AtlasClear, Inc. and Commercial Bancorp and, with respect to Section 6.16 only, AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. (formerly Calculator New Pubco, Inc.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Quantum’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 17, 2022).

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10.9		Assignment and Assumption Agreement and Bill of Sale, dated November 16, 2022, by and among AtlasClear, Atlas FinTech, and Atlas Financial Technologies, Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10		Stock Purchase Agreement, dated April 15, 2022, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc., all of its Stockholders and AtlasClear, Inc. (inadvertently identified as “Atlas Clear Corp.” in the Stock Purchase Agreement). (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10(a)		Amendment to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2022, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc., the individuals and entities listed in Exhibit A thereto, and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(a) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10(b)		Amendment No. 2 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 15, 2022, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co. Inc., the individuals and entities listed in Exhibit A thereto and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(b) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10(c)		Amendment No. 3 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 30, 2023, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co. Inc., the individuals and entities listed in Exhibit A thereto and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(c) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10(d)		Amendment No. 4 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2023, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co. Inc., the individuals and entities listed in Exhibit A thereto and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(d) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10(e)		Amendment No. 5 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 6, 2023, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co. Inc., the individuals and entities listed in Exhibit A thereto and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(e) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10(f)		Amendment No. 6 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2023, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co. Inc., the individuals and entities listed in Exhibit A thereto and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(f) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10(g)		Amendment No. 7 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2023, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co. Inc., the individuals and entities listed in Exhibit A thereto and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(g) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10(h) †		Amendment No. 8 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 9, 2024, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co. Inc., the individuals and entities listed in Exhibit A thereto and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(h) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.10(i)		Amendment No. 9 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 7, 2024, by and among Wilson-Davis & Co. Inc., the individuals and entities listed in Exhibit A thereto and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(i) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

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10.11		Parent Guaranty and Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 9, 2024, by and among AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. and the persons listed on the signature pages thereto. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.12#		AtlasClear Holdings, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.13#		Form of Indemnification Agreement. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024).

10.14		Source Code Purchase and Master Services Agreement, dated as of February 16, 2024, by and between PacSquare Technologies LLC and AtlasClear, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-41956), filed with the SEC on April 16, 2024).

23.1		Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

23.2*		Consent of Greenberg Traurig, LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).

24.1		Power of Attorney (included on the signature page to this registration statement).

107		Filing Fee Table

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

*	To be filed by amendment.

†	Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request.

#	Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

Item 22. Undertakings.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1)

to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: (i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”); (ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and (iii) to include any material

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information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; provided, however, that paragraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-1 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement;

(2)

that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;

(3)

to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;

(4)

that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser: Each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use; and

(5)

that, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(a)

any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(b)

any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(c)

the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of an undersigned registrant; and

(d)

any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Irvine, State of California, on May 13, 2024.


	ATLASCLEAR HOLDINGS, INC.

	/s/ Robert McBey
	Robert McBey
	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments, including post-effective amendments, to this registration statement, and any registration statement relating to the offering covered by this registration statement and filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his or her substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


Signature	Title	Date

/s/ Robert McBey	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer	May 13, 2024
Robert McBey	(Principal Executive Officer)


/s/ Richard Barber	Chief Financial Officer	May 13, 2024
Richard Barber	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)


/s/ Craig Ridenhour	Chief Business Development Officer and Director	May 13, 2024
Craig Ridenhour

/s/ John Schaible	Chief Strategy Officer and Director	May 13, 2024
John Schaible

/s/ Steven J. Carlson	Director	May 13, 2024
Steven J. Carlson

/s/ Thomas J. Hammond	Director	May 13, 2024
Thomas J. Hammond

/s/ Sandip I. Patel	Director	May 13, 2024
Sandip I. Patel

/s/ James Tabacchi	Director	May 13, 2024
James Tabacchi

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AtlasClear (ATCH) S-1IPO registration