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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 11, 2017
Securities Act File No. 333-215392
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-14
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ||||
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 | ☒ | |||
Post-Effective Amendment No. | ☐ |
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
Janus Investment Fund
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
151 Detroit Street
Denver, Colorado 80206-4805
(Address of Principal Executive Offices: Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code)
(303) 333-3863
(Area Code and Telephone Number)
Michelle Rosenberg
151 Detroit Street
Denver, Colorado 80206-4805
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
With copies to:
Kevin T. Hardy, Esq. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP 155 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 | Bruce A. Rosenblum, Esq. Vedder Price P.C. 1401 I Street NW, Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20005 |
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.
The titles of the securities being registered are:
Class A, C, D, I, S, N and T Shares of Janus Henderson Emerging Markets Fund.
No filing fee is required because an indefinite number of shares of beneficial interest with $0.01 par value, of the Registrant have previously been registered pursuant to Section 24(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
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Explanatory Note
Part B (the “SAI”) of this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Proxy Statement/Prospectus on Form N-14 (File No. 333-215392) is incorporated by reference to the Prospectus and Part C filed with the preliminary Proxy Statement/Prospectus on Form N-14 (File No. 333-215392) on December 30, 2016 (SEC Accession No. 0001193125-16-808281). Accordingly, this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 consists only of a facing page, this explanatory note, and Part B of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus on Form N-14.
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THE INFORMATION IN THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES, AND IT IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 30, 2016
Class A Shares Ticker | Class C Shares Ticker | Class D Shares† Ticker | Class I Shares Ticker | Class N Shares Ticker | Class S Shares Ticker | Class T Shares Ticker | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Global & International | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Henderson Emerging Markets Fund |
Janus Investment Fund
Statement of Additional Information
† | Class D Shares are closed to certain new investors. |
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) expands upon and supplements the information contained in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus for Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class D Shares, Class I Shares, Class N Shares Class S Shares, and Class T Shares (collectively, the “Shares”) of Janus Henderson Emerging Markets Fund (the “Fund”) listed above, which is a newly formed series of Janus Investment Fund, a Massachusetts business trust (the “Trust”). Each series of the Trust represents shares of beneficial interest in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets with its own objective and policies.
The Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board of Trustees,” “Board,” or “Trustees”) has approved an agreement and plan of reorganization regarding the Fund that provides for (i) the Fund’s acquisition of all of the assets of Janus Emerging Markets Fund (the “Janus Target”), a series of the Trust, and Henderson Emerging Markets Fund (the “Henderson Target”), a series of Henderson Global Funds (the “Henderson Trust”) (each series, a “Target Fund” and collectively, the “Target Funds”) in exchange for newly issued common shares of the Fund (also referred to herein and in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus as the “Acquiring Fund”) and the Fund’s assumption of all of the liabilities of each Target Fund; and (ii) the pro rata distribution of the Fund’s newly issued common shares received by each Target Fund to the Target Fund’s common shareholders as part of the liquidation of such Target Fund, subject to approval by shareholders of each Target Fund and other conditions (each, a “Merger” and collectively, the “Mergers”).
This SAI is not a Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus dated [ ], 2017, relating to the Mergers, and any supplements thereto, which are [to be updated by amendment] this SAI and may be obtained from your plan sponsor, broker-dealer, or other financial intermediary, or by contacting a Janus representative at 1-877-335-2687 (or 1-800-525-3713 if you hold Class D Shares). This SAI contains additional and more detailed information about the Fund’s’ operations and activities than the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus.
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CLASSIFICATION,INVESTMENTPOLICIESANDRESTRICTIONS,
ANDINVESTMENTSTRATEGIESANDRISKS
JANUS INVESTMENT FUND |
This Statement of Additional Information includes information about 1 series of the Trust. The Fund is a newly formed series of the Trust, an open-end, management investment company, formed for the purpose of consummating the Merger of each Target Fund into the Acquiring Fund. The Fund will commence operations upon the closing of the Mergers.
CLASSIFICATION |
The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), classifies mutual funds as either diversified or nondiversified. Janus Henderson Emerging Markets Fund is classified as diversified.
ADVISER |
Janus Capital Management LLC (“Janus Capital” or “Janus”) will be the investment adviser for the Fund and will be responsible for the general oversight of each sub-adviser.
SUB-ADVISER |
Henderson Investment Management Limited (“HIML”) will be the investment sub-adviser for the Fund.
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS APPLICABLE TO THE FUND |
The Fund is subject to certain fundamental policies and restrictions that may not be changed without shareholder approval. Shareholder approval means approval by the lesser of: (i) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust (or a particular Fund or particular class of shares if a matter affects just that Fund or that class of shares) or (ii) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust (or a particular Fund or class of shares) are present or represented by proxy. The following policies are fundamental policies of the Fund.
The Fund may not:
(1) With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase securities of an issuer (other than the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or authorities, or repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, and securities of other investment companies) if: (a) such purchase would, at the time, cause more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets taken at market value to be invested in the securities of such issuer or (b) such purchase would, at the time, result in more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer being held by the Fund.
(2) Invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in any particular industry (other than U.S. Government securities).
(3) Purchase or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this limitation shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling foreign currencies, options, futures, swaps, forward contracts, or other derivative instruments, or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities).
(4) Lend any security or make any other loan if, as a result, more than one-third of the Fund’s total assets would be lent to other parties (but this limitation does not apply to investments in repurchase agreements, commercial paper, debt securities, or loans, including assignments and participation interests).
(5) Act as an underwriter of securities issued by others, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed an underwriter in connection with the disposition of its portfolio securities.
(6) Borrow money, except as permitted under the 1940 Act.
(7) Invest directly in real estate or interests in real estate; however, the Fund may own debt or equity securities issued by companies engaged in those businesses.
As a fundamental policy, the Fund may, notwithstanding any other investment policy or limitation (whether or not fundamental), invest all of its assets in the securities of a single open-end management investment company with substantially the same fundamental investment objectives, policies, and limitations as the Fund.
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The Board of Trustees (“Trustees”) has adopted additional investment restrictions for the Fund. These restrictions are operating policies of the Fund and may be changed by the Trustees without shareholder approval. The additional restrictions adopted by the Trustees to date include the following:
(1) If the Fund is an underlying fund in a Janus fund of funds, the Fund may not acquire securities of other investment companies in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act and securities of open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act.
(2) The Fund may sell securities short if it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short without the payment of any additional consideration therefor (“short sales against the box”). In addition, the Fund may engage in short sales other than against the box, which involve selling a security that a Fund borrows and does not own. The Trustees may impose limits on the Fund’s investments in short sales, as described in the Fund’s Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus. Transactions in futures, options, swaps, and forward contracts not involving short sales are not deemed to constitute selling securities short.
(3) The Fund does not intend to purchase securities on margin, except that the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions, and provided that margin payments and other deposits in connection with transactions involving short sales, futures, options, swaps, forward contracts, and other permitted investment techniques shall not be deemed to constitute purchasing securities on margin.
(4) The Fund may not mortgage or pledge any securities owned or held by the Fund in amounts that exceed, in the aggregate, 15% of the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), provided that this limitation does not apply to: reverse repurchase agreements; deposits of assets to margin; guarantee positions in futures, options, swaps, or forward contracts; or the segregation of assets in connection with such contracts.
(5) The Fund does not currently intend to purchase any security or enter into a repurchase agreement if, as a result, more than 15% of its respective net assets would be invested in repurchase agreements not entitling the holder to payment of principal and interest within seven days and in securities that are illiquid by virtue of legal or contractual restrictions on resale or the absence of a readily available market. The Trustees, or the Fund’s investment adviser acting pursuant to authority delegated by the Trustees, may determine that a readily available market exists for: securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Rule 144A Securities”), or any successor to such rule; Section 4(2) commercial paper; and municipal lease obligations. Accordingly, such securities may not be subject to the foregoing limitation. Certain securities previously deemed liquid may become illiquid in any subsequent assessment of liquidity factors affecting the security.
(6) The Fund may not invest in companies for the purpose of exercising control of management.
Under the terms of an exemptive order received from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Fund may borrow money from or lend money to other funds that permit such transactions and for which Janus Capital or one of its affiliates serves as investment adviser. All such borrowing and lending will be subject to the above limits and to the limits and other conditions in such exemptive order. The Fund will borrow money through the program only when the costs are equal to or lower than the cost of bank loans. Interfund loans and borrowings normally extend overnight, but can have a maximum duration of seven days. The Fund will lend through the program only when the returns are higher than those available from other short-term instruments (such as repurchase agreements). The Fund may have to borrow from a bank at a higher interest rate if an interfund loan is called or not renewed. Any delay in repayment to a lending Fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional borrowing costs, and interfund loans are subject to the risk that the borrowing Fund may be unable to repay the loan when due. While it is expected that the Fund may borrow money through the program to satisfy redemption requests or to cover unanticipated cash shortfalls, the Fund may elect to not participate in the program during times of market uncertainty or distress or for other reasons.
For purposes of these investment restrictions, the identification of the issuer of a municipal obligation depends on the terms and conditions of the security. When assets and revenues of a political subdivision are separate from those of the government that created the subdivision and the security is backed only by the assets and revenues of the subdivision, the subdivision is deemed to be the sole issuer. Similarly, in the case of an industrial development bond, if the bond is backed only by assets and revenues of a nongovernmental user, then the nongovernmental user would be deemed to be the sole issuer. If, however, in either case, the creating government or some other entity guarantees the security, the guarantee would be considered a separate security that would be treated as an issue of the guaranteeing entity.
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For purposes of the Fund’s fundamental policy related to investments in real estate, the policy does not prohibit the purchase of securities directly or indirectly secured by real estate or interests therein, or issued by entities that invest in real estate or interests therein, such as, but not limited to, corporations, partnerships, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and other REIT-like entities, such as foreign entities that have REIT characteristics.
For purposes of the Fund’s policies on investing in particular industries, the Fund relies primarily on industry or industry group classifications under the Global Industry Classification Standard (“GICS”) developed by MSCI with respect to equity investments and classifications published by Bloomberg Barclays for fixed-income investments. A Fund with both equity and fixed-income components will rely on industry classifications published by Bloomberg L.P. To the extent that the above classifications are so broad that the primary economic characteristics in a single class are materially different, the Fund may further classify issuers in accordance with industry classifications consistent with relevant SEC staff interpretations. The Fund may change any source used for determining industry classifications without prior shareholder notice or approval.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS |
Diversification
Funds are classified as either “diversified” or “nondiversified.” Diversification is a way to reduce risk by investing in a broad range of stocks or other securities. To be classified as “diversified” under the 1940 Act, a fund may not, with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in any issuer and may not own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer.
Cash Position
As discussed in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, the Fund’s cash position may temporarily increase under various circumstances. Securities that the Fund may invest in as a means of receiving a return on idle cash include domestic or foreign currency denominated commercial paper, certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements, or other short-term debt obligations. These securities may include U.S. and foreign short-term cash instruments and cash equivalent securities. The Fund may also invest in affiliated or non-affiliated money market funds. (Refer to “Investment Company Securities.”)
Commercial Paper. Commercial paper refers to short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by banks, corporations and other borrowers to finance short-term credit needs. Commercial paper is usually sold on a discount basis and typically has a maturity at the time of issuance not exceeding nine months. The Fund may invest in commercial paper that is rated Prime-1 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or A-1 by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) or, if not rated by Moody’s or S&P, is issued by a company having an outstanding debt issue rated Aaa or Aa by Moody’s or AAA or AA by S&P. Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the largest risks associated with commercial paper include credit risk and liquidity risk.
Illiquid Investments
The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments (i.e., securities that are not readily marketable), including securities that are purchased in private placements. The Trustees have authorized Janus Capital to make liquidity determinations with respect to certain securities, including Rule 144A Securities, commercial paper, and municipal lease obligations purchased by the Fund. Under the guidelines established by the Trustees, Janus Capital will consider the following factors: (i) the frequency of trades and quoted prices for the security; (ii) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers; (iii) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of the transfer. In the case of commercial paper, Janus Capital will also consider whether the paper is traded flat or in default as to principal and interest and any ratings of the paper by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”). Investments in Rule 144A Securities could have the effect of increasing the level of the Fund’s illiquidity to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing such securities. Certain securities previously deemed liquid may become illiquid in any subsequent assessment of the foregoing factors or other changes affecting the security. Foreign securities that may be freely traded on or through the facilities of an offshore exchange or other established offshore securities market are not restricted under the Fund’s liquidity procedures if traded in that market. Such securities will be treated as “restricted” if traded in the United States because foreign securities are not registered for sale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”).
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If illiquid securities exceed 15% of the Fund’s net assets after the time of purchase, the Fund will take steps to reduce its holdings of illiquid securities in an orderly fashion. Because illiquid securities may not be readily marketable, the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel may not be able to dispose of them in a timely manner. As a result, the Fund may be forced to hold illiquid securities while their price depreciates. Depreciation in the price of illiquid securities may cause the NAV of a Fund to decline.
The Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in venture capital investments measured at the time of an investment. A later increase or decrease in this percentage resulting from changes in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such limitation. The Fund may make an initial investment of up to 0.5% of its total assets in any one venture capital company. The Fund may not invest in aggregate more than 1% of its total assets, measured at the time of the subsequent purchase, in any one venture capital company.
Venture capital investments are investments in new and early stage companies whose securities are not publicly traded. These investments may present significant opportunities for capital appreciation but involve a high degree of risk that can result in substantial losses. The Fund may not be able to sell such investments when the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel deem it appropriate to do so due to restrictions on their sale. In addition, the Fund may be forced to sell its venture capital investments at less than fair market value. Where venture capital investments must be registered prior to their sale, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses. Any of these situations may result in a decrease in the Fund’s NAV.
Securities Lending
Under procedures adopted by the Trustees, the Fund may seek to earn additional income by lending securities to qualified parties (typically brokers or other financial institutions) who need to borrow securities in order to complete, among other things, certain transactions such as covering short sales, avoiding failures to deliver securities, or completing arbitrage activities. There is the risk of delay in recovering a loaned security or the risk of loss in collateral rights if the borrower fails financially. In addition, Janus Capital makes efforts to balance the benefits and risks from granting such loans. The Fund may participate in a securities lending program under which shares of an issuer may be on loan while that issuer is conducting a proxy solicitation. Generally, if shares of an issuer are on loan during a proxy solicitation, the Fund cannot vote the shares. The Fund has discretion to pull back lent shares before proxy record dates and vote proxies if time permits. All loans will be continuously secured by collateral which may consist of cash, U.S. Government securities, domestic and foreign short-term debt instruments, letters of credit, time deposits, repurchase agreements, money market mutual funds or other money market accounts, or such other collateral as permitted by the SEC. If the Fund is unable to recover a security on loan, the Fund may use the collateral to purchase replacement securities in the market. There is a risk that the value of the collateral could decrease below the cost of the replacement security by the time the replacement investment is made, resulting in a loss to the Fund.
Upon receipt of cash collateral, Janus Capital may invest it in affiliated or non-affiliated cash management vehicles, whether registered or unregistered entities, as permitted by the 1940 Act and rules promulgated thereunder. Janus Capital currently intends to invest the cash collateral in a cash management vehicle for which Janus Capital serves as investment adviser. An investment in a cash management vehicle is generally subject to the same risks that shareholders experience when investing in similarly structured vehicles, such as the potential for significant fluctuations in assets as a result of the purchase and redemption activity of the securities lending program, a decline in the value of the collateral, and possible liquidity issues. Such risks may delay the return of the cash collateral and cause the Fund to violate its agreement to return the cash collateral to a borrower in a timely manner. As adviser to the Fund and the affiliated cash management vehicle in which the cash collateral is invested, Janus Capital has an inherent conflict of interest as a result of its fiduciary duties to both the Fund and the cash management vehicle. Additionally, Janus Capital receives an investment advisory fee of 0.05% for managing the cash management vehicle used for the securities lending program, but it may not receive a fee for managing certain other affiliated cash management vehicles in which the Fund may invest, and therefore may have an incentive to allocate preferred investment opportunities to investment vehicles for which it is receiving a fee.
Equity Securities
The Fund may invest in equity securities, which include, but are not limited to, common and preferred stocks, securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, and warrants.
Common Stock. Common stock represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company. Common stocks sometimes are divided into several classes, with each class having different voting rights, dividend rights, or other
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differences in their rights and priorities. The value of a stock is based on the market’s assessment of the current and future success of a company’s business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of the company’s assets, and general market conditions. The value of a stock may also be adversely affected by other factors such as accounting irregularities, actual or perceived weaknesses in corporate governance practices of a company’s board or management, and changes in company management. Common stock values can fluctuate dramatically over short periods.
Preferred Stock. A preferred stock represents an ownership interest in a company, but pays dividends at a specific rate and has priority over common stock in payment of dividends and liquidation claims. Preferred stock dividends are generally cumulative, noncumulative, or participating. “Cumulative” dividend provisions require all or a portion of prior unpaid dividends to be paid before dividends can be paid to the issuer’s common stock. “Participating” preferred stock may be entitled to a dividend exceeding the stated dividend in certain cases. Like debt securities, the value of a preferred stock often fluctuates more in response to changes in interest rates and the creditworthiness of the issuer, rather than in response to changes in the issuer’s profitability and business prospects. Preferred stock is subject to similar risks as common stock and debt securities.
Convertible Security. A convertible security is generally a debt obligation or preferred stock that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer. A convertible security, such as a “convertible preferred stock,” provides a fixed-income stream and the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation resulting from a market price advance in its underlying common stock. Like a common stock, the value of a convertible security tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, and it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines. As with a fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to increase in market value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar fixed-income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying stock.
Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain or loss than common stocks. Convertible securities generally provide yields higher than the underlying common stocks, but generally lower than comparable non-convertible securities. Because of this higher yield, convertible securities generally sell at prices above their “conversion value,” which is the current market value of the stock to be received upon conversion. The difference between this conversion value and the price of convertible securities will vary over time depending on changes in the value of the underlying common stocks and interest rates.
A convertible security may also be called for redemption or conversion by the issuer after a particular date and under certain circumstances (including a specified price) established upon issue. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption or conversion, the Fund could be required to tender it for redemption, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell it to a third party.
Synthetic convertible securities are created by combining separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, i.e., an income-producing security (“income-producing component”) and the right to acquire an equity security (“convertible component”). The income-producing component is achieved by investing in non-convertible, income-producing securities such as bonds, preferred stocks and money market instruments, which may be represented by derivative instruments. The convertible component is achieved by investing in securities or instruments such as warrants or options to buy common stock at a certain exercise price, or options on a stock index. Unlike a traditional convertible security, which is a single security having a single market value, a synthetic convertible security is comprised of two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Therefore, the “market value” of a synthetic convertible security is the sum of the values of its income-producing component and its convertible component. For this reason, the values of a synthetic convertible security and a traditional convertible security may respond differently to market fluctuations.
More flexibility is possible in the assembly of a synthetic convertible security than in the purchase of a convertible security. Although synthetic convertible securities may be selected where the two components are issued by a single issuer, thus making the synthetic convertible security similar to the traditional convertible security, the character of a synthetic convertible security allows the combination of components representing distinct issuers. A synthetic convertible security also is a more flexible investment in that its two components may be purchased separately. For example, the Fund may purchase a warrant for inclusion in a synthetic convertible security but temporarily hold short-term investments while postponing the purchase of a corresponding bond pending development of more favorable market conditions.
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A holder of a synthetic convertible security faces the risk of a decline in the price of the security or the level of the index involved in the convertible component, causing a decline in the value of the security or instrument, such as a call option or warrant, purchased to create the synthetic convertible security. Should the price of the stock fall below the exercise price and remain there throughout the exercise period, the entire amount paid for the convertible component would be lost. Because a synthetic convertible security includes the income-producing component as well, the holder of a synthetic convertible security also faces the risk that interest rates will rise, causing a decline in the value of the income-producing instrument.
Warrants. Warrants constitute options to purchase equity securities at a specific price and are valid for a specific period of time. They do not represent ownership of the equity securities, but only the right to buy them. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. Warrants differ from call options in that warrants are issued by the issuer of the security that may be purchased on their exercise, whereas call options may be issued by anyone. The prices of warrants do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of the underlying equity securities. The price usually represents a premium over the applicable market value of the common stock at the time of the warrant’s issuance. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including the possible lack of a liquid market for the resale of the warrants, potential price fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the price of the common stock to rise. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security. A warrant becomes worthless if it is not exercised within the specified time period.
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies. The Fund may invest in stock, warrants, and other securities of special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”) or similar entities that pool funds to seek potential acquisition opportunities. Unless and until an acquisition is completed, a SPAC typically invests its assets (less a portion retained to cover expenses) in U.S. Government securities, money market fund securities, and cash. If an acquisition that meets the requirements for the SPAC is not completed within a pre-established period of time, the invested funds are returned to the SPAC’s shareholders. Because SPACs and similar entities are in essence blank check companies without an operating history or ongoing business other than seeking acquisitions, the value of a SPAC’s securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the SPAC’s management to timely identify and complete a profitable acquisition. Some SPACs may pursue acquisitions only within certain industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. To the extent the SPAC is invested in cash or similar securities while awaiting an acquisition opportunity, the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective may be negatively impacted. In addition, SPACs, which are typically traded in the over-the-counter market, may be considered illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale.
Financial Services Sector Risk
To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the financial services sector, the Fund will have more exposure to the risks inherent to the financial services sector. Financial services companies may be adversely affected by changes in regulatory framework or interest rates that may negatively affect financial services businesses; exposure of a financial institution to a nondiversified or concentrated loan portfolio; exposure to financial leverage and/or investments or agreements that, under certain circumstances, may lead to losses; and the risk that a market shock or other unexpected market, economic, political, regulatory, or other event might lead to a sudden decline in the values of most or all financial services companies.
Natural Disasters and Extreme Weather Conditions
Certain areas of the world have historically been prone to and economically sensitive to environmental events such as, but not limited to, hurricanes, earthquakes, typhoons, flooding, tidal waves, tsunamis, erupting volcanoes, wildfires or droughts, tornadoes, mudslides, or other weather-related phenomena. Such disasters, and the resulting physical or economic damage, could have a severe and negative impact on the Fund’s investment portfolio and, in the longer term, could impair the ability of issuers in which the Fund invests to conduct their businesses as they would under normal conditions. Adverse weather conditions may also have a particularly significant negative effect on issuers in the agricultural sector and on insurance companies that insure against the impact of natural disasters.
Cyber Security Risk
With the increased use of the Internet to conduct business, the Fund is susceptible to operational and information security risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code, gaining unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices that are used to service the Fund’s operations through “hacking” or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational
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disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on the Fund’s website. In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Fund’s systems.
Cyber security failures or breaches by the Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, Janus Capital, custodians, transfer agents, and financial intermediaries), or the sub-advisers (if applicable) may cause disruptions and impact the service providers’ and the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of fund shareholders to transact business and the mutual funds to process transactions, inability to calculate the Fund’s net asset value, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund may incur incremental costs to prevent cyber incidents in the future. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. While Janus Capital has established business continuity plans and risk management systems designed to prevent or reduce the impact of such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems due in part to the ever-changing nature of technology and cyber-attack tactics. As such, there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, the Fund cannot directly control any cyber security plans and systems put in place by third party service providers. Cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such securities to lose value.
Foreign Securities
The Fund may invest in foreign securities either indirectly (e.g., depositary receipts, depositary shares, and passive foreign investment companies) or directly in foreign markets, including emerging markets. Investments in foreign securities may include, but are not necessarily limited to, corporate debt securities of foreign issuers, preferred or preference stock of foreign issuers, certain foreign bank obligations, and U.S. dollar or foreign currency-denominated obligations of foreign governments or supranational entities or their subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities. Investments in foreign securities, including securities of foreign and emerging market governments, may involve greater risks than investing in domestic securities because the Fund’s performance may depend on factors other than the performance of a particular company. These factors include:
Currency Risk. As long as the Fund holds a foreign security, its value will be affected by the value of the local currency relative to the U.S. dollar. When the Fund sells a foreign currency denominated security, its value may be worth less in U.S. dollars even if the security increases in value in its home country. U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk, as the value of these securities may also be affected by changes in the issuer’s local currency.
Political and Economic Risk. Foreign investments may be subject to heightened political and economic risks, particularly in emerging markets which may have relatively unstable governments, immature economic structures, national policies restricting investments by foreigners, social instability, and different and/or developing legal systems. In some countries, there is the risk that the government may take over the assets or operations of a company or that the government may impose withholding and other taxes or limits on the removal of the Fund’s assets from that country. Further, acts of terrorism in other countries may cause uncertainty in the financial markets and adversely affect the performance of the issuers to which the Fund has exposure. In addition, the economies of emerging markets may be predominantly based on only a few industries, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions, and may suffer from extreme and volatile debt burdens or inflation rates.
Regulatory Risk. There may be less government supervision of foreign markets. As a result, foreign issuers may not be subject to the uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices applicable to domestic issuers, and there may be less publicly available information about foreign issuers.
Foreign Market Risk. Foreign securities markets, particularly those of emerging market countries, may be less liquid and more volatile than domestic markets. These securities markets may trade a small number of securities, may have a limited number of issuers and a high proportion of shares, or may be held by a relatively small number of persons or institutions. Local securities markets may be unable to respond effectively to increases in trading volume, potentially making prompt liquidation of substantial holdings difficult or impossible at times. It is also possible that certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery, and delays may be encountered in settling securities transactions. In some foreign markets, there may not be protection against failure by other parties to complete transactions. It may not be possible for the Fund to repatriate capital, dividends, interest, and other income from a particular country or governmental entity. In addition, securities of issuers located in or economically tied to countries with emerging markets may have limited marketability and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic
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price movements which could also have a negative effect on the Fund. Such factors may hinder the Fund’s ability to buy and sell emerging market securities in a timely manner, affecting the Fund’s investment strategies and potentially affecting the value of the Fund.
Geographic Investment Risk. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a particular country or geographic region, the Fund will generally have more exposure to certain risks due to possible political, economic, social, or regulatory events in that country or region. Adverse developments in certain regions could also adversely affect securities of other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated and could have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance.
Transaction Costs. Costs of buying, selling, and holding foreign securities, including brokerage, tax, and custody costs, may be higher than those involved in domestic transactions.
Eurozone Risk. A number of countries in the European Union (“EU”) have experienced, and may continue to experience, severe economic and financial difficulties. In particular, many EU nations are susceptible to economic risks associated with high levels of debt, notably due to investments in sovereign debt of countries such as Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland. Many non-governmental issuers, and even certain governments, have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts. Many other issuers have faced difficulties obtaining credit or refinancing existing obligations. Financial institutions have in many cases required government or central bank support, have needed to raise capital, and/or have been impaired in their ability to extend credit. As a result, financial markets in the EU have experienced extreme volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. These difficulties may continue, worsen, or spread further within the EU.
Certain countries in the EU, particularly Greece, Ireland, and Portugal, have had to accept assistance from supra governmental agencies such as the International Monetary Fund and the European Financial Service Facility. The European Central Bank has also been intervening to purchase Eurozone debt in an attempt to stabilize markets and reduce borrowing costs. Responses to these financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest, and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets, and asset valuations around the world.
On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom voted via referendum to leave the EU, which led to significant market volatility around the world, as well as political, economic, and legal uncertainty. It is expected that the United Kingdom’s exit from the EU (known as “Brexit”) will take place within two years after the United Kingdom formally notifies the European Council of its intention to withdraw. However, there is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences and precise timeframe for the exit, how the negotiations for the withdrawal and new trade agreements will be conducted, and whether the United Kingdom’s exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU. During this period of uncertainty, the negative impact on not only the United Kingdom and European economies, but the broader global economy, could be significant, potentially resulting in increased volatility and illiquidity and lower economic growth for companies that rely significantly on the United Kingdom and/or Europe for their business activities and revenues. Any further exits from the EU, or the possibility of such exits, would likely cause additional market disruption globally and introduce new legal and regulatory uncertainties.
In addition, certain European countries have recently experienced negative interest rates on certain fixed-income instruments. A negative interest rate policy is an unconventional central bank monetary policy tool where nominal target interest rates are set with a negative value (i.e., below zero percent) intended to help create self-sustaining growth in the local economy. Negative interest rates may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from the Fund’s performance to the extent the Fund is exposed to such interest rates.
Among other things, these developments have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and pound sterling, and may continue to significantly affect the economies of all EU countries, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s investments in such countries, other countries that depend on EU countries for significant amounts of trade or investment, or issuers with exposure to debt issued by certain EU countries.
Emerging Markets. Within the parameters of its specific investment policies, the Fund may invest its assets in securities of issuers or companies from or with exposure to one or more “developing countries” or “emerging market countries.” Such countries include, but are not limited to, countries included in the MSCI Emerging Markets IndexSM. Under normal circumstances, Janus Henderson Emerging Markets Fund will invest at least 80% of its net
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assets in companies from or with exposure to one or more “developing countries” or “emerging market countries.” Such countries include any country that has been determined by an international organization, such as the World Bank, to have a low to middle income economy and/or any country that is not included in the MSCI World IndexSM, which measures the equity market performance of developed markets. Investing in emerging markets involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in the United States and imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, the risks associated with investing in securities of more developed foreign countries as previously discussed under “Foreign Securities.” The prices of investments in emerging markets can experience sudden and sharp price swings. In many developing markets, there is less government supervision and regulation of business and industry practices (including the potential lack of strict finance and accounting controls and standards), stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in more developed markets, making these investments potentially more volatile in price and less liquid than investments in developed securities markets, resulting in greater risk to investors. There is a risk in developing countries that a future economic or political crisis could lead to price controls, forced mergers of companies, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, imposition or enforcement of foreign ownership limits, seizure, nationalization, sanctions or imposition of restrictions by various governmental entities on investment and trading, or creation of government monopolies, any of which may have a detrimental effect on a Fund’s investments. Many emerging market countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation or deflation for many years, and future inflation may adversely affect the economies and securities markets of such countries. In addition, the economies of developing countries tend to be heavily dependent upon international trade and, as such, have been, and may continue to be, adversely impacted by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures. These economies also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they do business.
The securities markets of many of the countries in which the Fund may invest may also be smaller, less liquid, and subject to greater price volatility than those in the United States. In the event of a default on any investments in foreign debt obligations, it may be more difficult for the Fund to obtain or to enforce a judgment against the issuers of such securities. In addition, there may be little financial or accounting information available with respect to issuers of emerging market securities, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the value of an investment in such securities. Further, the Fund’s ability to participate fully in the smaller, less liquid emerging markets may be limited by the policy restricting its investments in illiquid securities. The Fund may be subject to emerging markets risk to the extent that they invest in securities of issuers or companies which are not considered to be from emerging markets, but which have customers, products, or transactions associated with emerging markets.
Securities Listed on Chinese Stock Exchanges. The Fund may invest in securities listed on Chinese stock exchanges or have indirect exposure to these securities through derivative investments. These securities are divided into two classes of shares: China A Shares, the ownership of which is restricted to foreign investors under the Qualified Foreign Individual Investor (“QFII”) structure, and China B Shares, which may be owned by both Chinese and foreign investors. With respect to investments in China A Shares, QFII licenses are granted by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) and an investment quota is granted by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”). Janus Capital has been granted a QFII license and investment quota. There can be no assurance that a Fund will receive an investment quota. For Janus funds that receive allocations, a failure to utilize the quota and invest in Chinese local market securities and/or any repatriation of capital by the Fund may result in the permanent loss of the investment quota otherwise available to the Fund or other funds.
With respect to direct China A Shares investments, as a general matter, any capital invested and profits generated cannot be repatriated for a minimum of one year. Repatriation of any invested capital is subject to approval by the regulator. Additionally, any repatriation of profits would be subject to an audit by a registered accountant in China, and subject to regulatory approval. In light of the foregoing, a Fund’s investment in China A Shares would be subject to the Fund’s limit of investing up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An investment in China A Shares is also generally subject to the risks identified under “Foreign Securities,” and foreign investment risks such as price controls, expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, and nationalization may be heightened when investing in China. The China A Shares market may be less liquid and trading prices could be more volatile than other foreign securities markets because of low trading volume and restrictions on movement of capital. Current Chinese tax law is unclear regarding whether capital gains realized on a Fund’s investments in China A Shares will be subject to tax.
People’s Republic of China regulations require QFIIs to entrust assets held in the People’s Republic of China and to interact with government agencies through a China-based qualified custodian bank. Assets attributable to clients of
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Janus Capital will be held by the custodian in foreign exchange accounts and securities accounts in the joint name of Janus Capital and its clients, although the terms of the custody agreement make clear that the contents of the accounts belong to the clients, and not to Janus Capital. China A Shares that are traded on the Shanghai or Shenzhen Stock Exchange are traded and held in book-entry form through the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation (“CSDCC”). Securities purchased by Janus Capital, in its capacity as a QFII, on behalf of a Fund can currently be received by the CSDCC as credited to a securities trading account maintained in the joint names of Janus Capital and its clients. Janus Capital may not use the account for any other purpose than for maintaining a Fund’s assets. Given that the custody accounts and securities trading account are maintained in the joint names of Janus Capital and its clients, the Fund’s assets may not be as well protected as they would be if it were possible for them to be registered and held solely in the name of the Fund. In particular, there is a risk that creditors of Janus Capital may assert that the securities are owned by Janus Capital and not the Fund, and that a Chinese court, or a court applying Chinese law, would uphold such an assertion, in which case creditors of Janus Capital could seize assets of such Fund.
The Fund may also invest in China A Shares and other eligible securities (“Stock Connect Securities”) listed and traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”) through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect (“Stock Connect”) program. Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing linked program developed by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (“HKEC”), the SSE, and the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (“ChinaClear”) to permit mutual stock market access between mainland China and Hong Kong. Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited (“HKSCC”), a clearing house operated by HKEC, acts as nominee for participants, such as a fund, accessing Stock Connect Securities.
Since the relevant regulations governing Stock Connect Securities are relatively new and untested, they are subject to change and there is no certainty as to how they will be applied. In particular, the courts may consider that the nominee or custodian, as registered holder of Stock Connect Securities, has full ownership over the Stock Connect Securities rather than a fund as the underlying beneficial owner. HKSCC, as nominee holder, does not guarantee the title to Stock Connect Securities held through it and is under no obligation to enforce title or other rights associated with ownership on behalf of beneficial owners. Consequently, title to these securities, or the rights associated with them such as participation in corporate actions or shareholder meetings cannot be assured. In the event ChinaClear defaults, HKSCC’s liabilities under its market contracts with participants will be limited to assisting participants with claims and the fund may not fully recover its losses or the Stock Connect Securities it owns. Recovery of the fund’s property may also be subject to delays and expenses, which may be material. Further, investors are currently able to trade Stock Connect Securities only up to certain daily maximums. Buy orders and sell orders are offset for purposes of the daily quota, which is applied to all market participants and not specifically to the funds or investment manager. If the daily quota is reached or a stock is recalled from the scope of eligible stocks for trading via the Stock Connect, a fund’s investment program would be adversely impacted.
Risks of Investments in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). In addition to the risks listed under “Foreign Securities” and “Emerging Markets,” investing in the PRC, or having indirect exposure to the PRC through derivative investments, presents additional risks. These additional risks include (without limitation): (i) inefficiencies resulting from erratic growth; (ii) the unavailability of consistently-reliable economic data; (iii) potentially high rates of inflation; (iv) dependence on exports and international trade; (v) relatively high levels of asset price volatility; (vi) small market capitalization and less liquidity; (vii) greater competition from regional economies; (viii) fluctuations in currency exchange rates, particularly in light of the relative lack of currency hedging instruments and controls on the ability to exchange local currency for U.S. dollars; (ix) the relatively small size and absence of operating history of many Chinese companies; (x) the developing nature of the legal and regulatory framework for securities markets, custody arrangements and commerce; and (xi) uncertainty with respect to the commitment of the government of the PRC to economic reforms.
Although the PRC has experienced a relatively stable political environment in recent years, there is no guarantee that such stability will be maintained in the future. As an emerging market, many factors may affect such stability – such as increasing gaps between the rich and poor or agrarian unrest and instability of existing political structures – and may result in adverse consequences to the Fund investing in securities and instruments economically tied to the PRC. Political uncertainty, military intervention and political corruption could reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization and removal of trade barriers, and could result in significant disruption to securities markets.
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The PRC is dominated by the one-party rule of the Communist Party. Investments in the PRC are subject to risks associated with greater governmental control over and involvement in the economy. The PRC manages its currency at artificial levels relative to the U.S. dollar rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large adjustments in the currency, which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors. The PRC also may restrict the free conversion of its currency into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. Currency repatriation restrictions may have the effect of making securities and instruments tied to the PRC relatively illiquid, particularly in connection with redemption requests. In addition, the government of the PRC exercises significant control over economic growth through direct and heavy involvement in resource allocation and monetary policy, control over payment of foreign currency denominated obligations and provision of preferential treatment to particular industries and/or companies. Economic reform programs in the PRC have contributed to growth, but there is no guarantee that such reforms will continue.
Natural disasters such as droughts, floods, earthquakes and tsunamis have plagued the PRC in the past, and the region’s economy may be affected by such environmental events in the future. The Fund’s investment in the PRC is, therefore, subject to the risk of such events. In addition, the relationship between the PRC and Taiwan is particularly sensitive, and hostilities between the PRC and Taiwan may present a risk to a Fund’s investments in the PRC.
Risks of Investments in Russia. In addition to the risks listed under “Foreign Securities” and “Emerging Markets,” investing in Russia, or having indirect exposure to Russian securities through derivative investments, presents additional risks. Compared to most national securities markets, the Russian securities market is relatively new, and a substantial portion of securities transactions are privately negotiated outside of stock exchanges. The inexperience of the Russian securities market and the limited volume of trading in securities in the market may make obtaining accurate prices on portfolio securities from independent sources more difficult than in more developed markets. Additionally, because of less stringent auditing and financial reporting standards, as compared to U.S. companies, there may be little reliable corporate information available to investors. As a result, it may be difficult to assess the value or prospects of an investment in Russian companies. Securities of Russian companies also may experience greater price volatility than securities of U.S. companies.
Because of the relatively recent formation of the Russian securities markets, the underdeveloped state of Russia’s banking and telecommunication system and the legal and regulatory framework in Russia, settlement, clearing and registration of securities transactions are subject to additional risks. Prior to 2013, there was no central registration system for equity share registration in Russia and registration was carried out either by the issuers themselves or by registrars located throughout Russia. These registrars may not have been subject to effective state supervision or licensed with any governmental entity. In 2013, Russia established the National Settlement Depository (“NSD”) as a recognized central securities depository, and title to Russian equities is now based on the records of the NSD and not on the records of the local registrars. The implementation of the NSD is generally expected to decrease the risk of loss in connection with recording and transferring title to securities; however, loss may still occur. Additionally, issuers and registrars remain prominent in the validation and approval of documentation requirements for corporate action processing in Russia, and there remain inconsistent market standards in the Russian market with respect to the completion and submission of corporate action elections. To the extent that the Fund suffers a loss relating to title or corporate actions relating to its portfolio securities, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce its rights or otherwise remedy the loss.
The Russian economy is heavily dependent upon the export of a range of commodities including most industrial metals, forestry products, oil, and gas. Accordingly, it is strongly affected by international commodity prices and is particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. Foreign investors also face a high degree of currency risk when investing in Russian securities and a lack of available currency hedging instruments. In addition, there is the risk that the Russian government may impose capital controls on foreign portfolio investments in the event of extreme financial or political crisis. Such capital controls may prevent the sale of a portfolio of foreign assets and the repatriation of investment income and capital.
As a result of political and military actions undertaken by Russia, the United States and certain other countries, as well as the EU, have instituted economic sanctions against certain Russian individuals and companies. The political and economic situation in Russia, and the current and any future sanctions or other government actions against Russia, may result in the decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in Russia’s credit rating, the inability to freely trade sanctioned companies (either due to the sanctions imposed or related operational issues) and/or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy, any of which could negatively impact the Fund’s investments in Russian securities. Sanctions could result in the immediate freeze
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of Russian securities, impairing the ability of the Fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities. Both the current and potential future sanctions or other government actions against Russia also could result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may impair further the value or liquidity of Russian securities and negatively impact the Fund. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession.
Risks of Investments in Latin American Countries. In addition to the risks listed under “Foreign Securities” and “Emerging Markets,” investing in Latin American countries, or having indirect exposure to Latin American securities through derivative investments, presents additional risks. Many Latin American countries have experienced, at one time or another, considerable difficulties, including high inflation and high interest rates. In addition, the economies of many Latin American countries are sensitive to fluctuations in commodities prices because exports of agricultural products, minerals, and metals represent a significant percentage of Latin American exports.
Some Latin American currencies have experienced steady devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar and certain Latin American countries have had to make major adjustments in their currencies from time to time. In addition, governments of many Latin American countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. Governmental actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in Latin American countries, which could affect the companies in which the Fund invests and, therefore, the value of Fund shares. As noted above, in the past, many Latin American countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. For companies that keep accounting records in the local currency, inflation accounting rules in some Latin American countries require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the company’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits for certain Latin American companies. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and could have, in the future, very negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain Latin American countries.
Substantial limitations may exist in certain countries with respect to the Fund’s ability to repatriate investment income, capital, or the proceeds of sales of securities. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Certain Latin American countries have entered into regional trade agreements that are designed to, among other things, reduce barriers between countries, increase competition among companies, and reduce government subsidies in certain industries. No assurance can be given that these changes will be successful in the long term, or that these changes will result in the economic stability intended. There is a possibility that these trade arrangements will not be fully implemented, or will be partially or completely unwound. It is also possible that a significant participant could choose to abandon a trade agreement, which could diminish its credibility and influence. Any of these occurrences could have adverse effects on the markets of both participating and non-participating countries, including sharp appreciation or depreciation of participants’ national currencies and a significant increase in exchange rate volatility, a resurgence in economic protectionism, an undermining of confidence in the Latin American markets, an undermining of Latin American economic stability, the collapse or slowdown of the drive towards Latin American economic unity, and/or reversion of the attempts to lower government debt and inflation rates that were introduced in anticipation of such trade agreements. Such developments could have an adverse impact on a Fund’s investments in Latin America generally or in specific countries participating in such trade agreements.
Other Latin American market risks include foreign exchange controls, difficulties in pricing securities, defaults on sovereign debt, difficulties in enforcing favorable legal judgments in local courts, and political and social instability. Legal remedies available to investors in certain Latin American countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the United States or other foreign countries.
[Short Sales
The Fund may engage in “short sales against the box.” This technique involves either selling short a security that the Fund owns, or selling short a security that the Fund has the right to obtain, for delivery at a specified date in the future. The Fund does not deliver from its portfolio the securities sold short and does not immediately receive the proceeds of the short sale. The Fund borrows the securities sold short and receives proceeds from the short sale only when it delivers the securities to the lender. If the value of the securities sold short increases prior to the scheduled delivery date, the Fund loses the opportunity to participate in the gain.
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The Fund may also engage in other short sales. The Fund may engage in short sales when the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel anticipate that a security’s market purchase price will be less than its borrowing price. In a short sale transaction, the Fund sells a security it does not own to a purchaser at a specified price. To complete a short sale, the Fund must: (i) borrow the security to deliver it to the purchaser and (ii) buy that same security in the market to return it to the lender. Short sales involve the same fundamental risk as short sales against the box, as described in the previous paragraph. In addition, the Fund may incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security, and the Fund may realize a gain if the security declines in price between those same dates. Although a Fund’s potential for gain as a result of a short sale is limited to the price at which it sold the security short less the cost of borrowing the security, the potential for loss is theoretically unlimited because there is no limit to the cost of replacing the borrowed security. To borrow the security, the Fund may also be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold.
The Fund may not always be able to close out a short position at a particular time or at an acceptable price. A lender may request that the borrowed securities be returned to it on short notice, and the Fund may have to buy the borrowed securities at an unfavorable price. If this occurs at a time when other short sellers of the same security also want to close out their positions, it is more likely that the Fund will have to cover its short sale at an unfavorable price and potentially reduce or eliminate any gain, or cause a loss, as a result of the short sale.
Until the Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed security, the Fund may designate liquid assets it owns (other than the short sale proceeds) as segregated assets to the books of the broker and/or its custodian in an amount equal to its obligation to purchase the securities sold short, as required by the 1940 Act. The amount segregated in this manner is expected to be increased or decreased each business day equal to the change in market value of the Fund’s obligation to purchase the security sold short. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. If the lending broker requires the Fund to deposit additional collateral (in addition to the short sales proceeds that the broker holds during the period of the short sale), which may be as much as 50% of the value of the securities sold short, the amount of the additional collateral may be deducted in determining the amount of cash or liquid assets the Fund is required to segregate to cover the short sale obligation pursuant to the 1940 Act. The amount segregated must be unencumbered by any other obligation or claim other than the obligation that is being covered. The Fund believes that short sale obligations that are covered, either by an offsetting asset or right (acquiring the security sold short or having an option to purchase the security sold short at an exercise price that covers the obligation), or by the Fund’s segregated asset procedures (or a combination thereof), are not senior securities under the 1940 Act and are not subject to the Fund’s borrowing restrictions. This requirement to segregate assets limits a Fund’s leveraging of its investments and the related risk of losses from leveraging. The Fund also is required to pay the lender of the security any dividends or interest that accrues on a borrowed security during the period of the loan. Depending on the arrangements made with the broker or custodian, the Fund may or may not receive any payments (including interest) on collateral it has deposited with the broker. The Fund’s ability to invest in short sales may be limited, as described in the Fund’s Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus.]
Zero Coupon, Step Coupon, and Pay-In-Kind Securities
Within the parameters of its specific investment policies, the Fund may invest up to [10%] of its net assets in zero coupon, step coupon, and pay-in-kind securities. Zero coupon bonds are issued and traded at a discount from their face value. They do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity. Step coupon bonds are high-quality issues with above-market interest rates and a coupon that increases over the life of the bond. They may pay monthly, semiannual, or annual interest payments. On the date of each coupon payment, the issuer decides whether to call the bond at par or whether to extend it until the next payment date at the new coupon rate. Pay-in-kind bonds normally give the issuer an option to pay cash at a coupon payment date or give the holder of the security a similar bond with the same coupon rate and a face value equal to the amount of the coupon payment that would have been made. For purposes of the Fund’s restriction on investing in income-producing securities, income-producing securities include securities that make periodic interest payments as well as those that make interest payments on a deferred basis or pay interest only at maturity (e.g., Treasury bills or zero coupon bonds).
For federal income tax purposes, holders of zero coupon securities and step coupon securities are required to recognize income even though the holders receive no cash payments of interest during the year. Similarly, holders of payment-in-kind securities must include in their gross income the value of securities they receive as “interest.” In order to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and the regulations thereunder, the Fund must distribute its investment
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company taxable income, including the original issue discount accrued on zero coupon or step coupon bonds and non-cash income from payment-in-kind securities. Because the Fund will not receive cash payments on a current basis with respect to accrued original-issue discount on zero coupon bonds or step coupon bonds during the period before interest payments begin or may receive non-cash interest payments, in some years the Fund may have to distribute cash obtained from other sources in order to satisfy the distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code. The Fund may obtain such cash from selling other portfolio holdings, which may cause the Fund to incur capital gains or losses on the sale. Additionally, these actions are likely to reduce the amount of cash available for investment by the Fund, to reduce the assets to which Fund expenses could be allocated, and to reduce the rate of return for the Fund. In some circumstances, such sales might be necessary in order to satisfy cash distribution requirements even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for a Fund to sell the securities at the time.
Generally, the market prices of zero coupon, step coupon, and pay-in-kind securities are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest periodically and in cash and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Additionally, such securities may be subject to heightened credit and valuation risk.
Pass-Through Securities
The Fund may invest in various types of pass-through securities, such as commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, credit-linked trust certificates, traded custody receipts, and participation interests. A pass-through security is a share or certificate of interest in a pool of debt obligations that have been repackaged by an intermediary, such as a bank or broker-dealer. The purchaser of a pass-through security receives an undivided interest in the underlying pool of securities. The issuers of the underlying securities make interest and principal payments to the intermediary, which are passed through to purchasers, such as the Fund.
Agency Mortgage-Related Securities. The most common type of pass-through securities is mortgage-backed securities. Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) Certificates are mortgage-backed securities that evidence an undivided interest in a pool of mortgage loans. Ginnie Mae Certificates differ from bonds in that principal is paid back monthly by the borrowers over the term of the loan rather than returned in a lump sum at maturity. The Fund will generally purchase “modified pass-through” Ginnie Mae Certificates, which entitle the holder to receive a share of all interest and principal payments paid and owned on the mortgage pool, net of fees paid to the “issuer” and Ginnie Mae, regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment. Ginnie Mae Certificates are backed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) issues two types of mortgage pass-through securities: mortgage participation certificates (“PCs”) and guaranteed mortgage certificates (“GMCs”). PCs resemble Ginnie Mae Certificates in that each PC represents a pro rata share of all interest and principal payments made and owned on the underlying pool. Freddie Mac guarantees timely payments of interest on PCs and the full return of principal. GMCs also represent a pro rata interest in a pool of mortgages. However, these instruments pay interest semiannually and return principal once a year in guaranteed minimum payments. This type of security is guaranteed by Freddie Mac as to timely payment of principal and interest, but it is not guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
The Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) issues guaranteed mortgage pass-through certificates (“Fannie Mae Certificates”). Fannie Mae Certificates resemble Ginnie Mae Certificates in that each Fannie Mae Certificate represents a pro rata share of all interest and principal payments made and owned on the underlying pool. This type of security is guaranteed by Fannie Mae as to timely payment of principal and interest, but it is not guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”), an agency of the U.S. Government, placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac under conservatorship. Since that time, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have received capital support through U.S. Treasury preferred stock purchases and Treasury and Federal Reserve purchases of their mortgage-backed securities. The FHFA and the U.S. Treasury have imposed strict limits on the size of these entities’ mortgage portfolios. The FHFA has the power to cancel any contract entered into by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac prior to FHFA’s appointment as conservator or receiver, including the guarantee obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. As of the date of this SAI, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac remain under conservatorship.
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In addition, the future for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac is uncertain as the U.S. Government is considering multiple options, ranging on a spectrum from significant reform, nationalization, privatization, consolidation, to outright elimination of these entities. Congress is considering several pieces of legislation that would reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, proposing to address their structure, mission, portfolio limits, and guarantee fees, among other issues. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also are the subject of several continuing legal actions and investigations over certain accounting, disclosure, and corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may continue to have an adverse effect on these guaranteeing entities.
Except for GMCs, each of the mortgage-backed securities described above is characterized by monthly payments to the holder, reflecting the monthly payments made by the borrowers who received the underlying mortgage loans. The payments to the security holders (such as the Fund), like the payments on the underlying loans, represent both principal and interest. Although the underlying mortgage loans are for specified periods of time, such as 20 or 30 years, the borrowers can, and typically do, pay them off sooner. Thus, the security holders frequently receive prepayments of principal in addition to the principal that is part of the regular monthly payments. The portfolio managers and/or investment personnel will consider estimated prepayment rates in calculating the average-weighted maturity of the Fund, if relevant. A borrower is more likely to prepay a mortgage that bears a relatively high rate of interest. This means that in times of declining interest rates, higher yielding mortgage-backed securities held by the Fund might be converted to cash, and the Fund will be forced to accept lower interest rates when that cash is used to purchase additional securities in the mortgage-backed securities sector or in other investment sectors. Additionally, prepayments during such periods will limit the Fund’s ability to participate in as large a market gain as may be experienced with a comparable security not subject to prepayment.
The Fund’s investments in mortgage-backed securities, including privately issued mortgage-related securities where applicable, may be backed by subprime mortgages. Subprime mortgages are loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their mortgages. Investments in mortgage-backed securities comprised of subprime mortgages may be subject to a higher degree of credit risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk.
Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities represent interests in pools of consumer loans and are backed by paper or accounts receivables originated by banks, credit card companies, or other providers of credit. Asset-backed securities are created from many types of assets, including, but not limited to, auto loans, accounts receivable such as credit card receivables and hospital account receivables, home equity loans, student loans, boat loans, mobile home loans, recreational vehicle loans, manufactured housing loans, aircraft leases, computer leases, and syndicated bank loans. Generally, the originating bank or credit provider is neither the obligor nor the guarantor of the security, and interest and principal payments ultimately depend upon payment of the underlying loans by individuals. Tax-exempt asset-backed securities include units of beneficial interests in pools of purchase contracts, financing leases, and sales agreements that may be created when a municipality enters into an installment purchase contract or lease with a vendor. Such securities may be secured by the assets purchased or leased by the municipality; however, if the municipality stops making payments, there generally will be no recourse against the vendor. The market for tax-exempt, asset-backed securities is still relatively new. These obligations are likely to involve unscheduled prepayments of principal.
Privately Issued Mortgage-Related Securities. Privately issued mortgage-related securities are pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans created by commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers. Such issuers may be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, which may be issued by governmental entities or private insurers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originators/servicers and poolers, Janus Capital determines that the securities meet the Fund’s quality standards. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable. The Fund will not purchase mortgage-related securities or any other assets which in Janus Capital’s opinion are illiquid if, as a result, more than 15% of the value of the Fund’s net assets will be illiquid.
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Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not subject to the same underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Mortgage pools underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value ratio mortgages and manufactured housing loans, in addition to commercial mortgages and other types of mortgages where a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee is not available. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a privately-issued mortgage-related securities pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans.
The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by loans that were originated under weak underwriting standards, including loans made to borrowers with limited means to make repayment. A level of risk exists for all loans, although, historically, the poorest performing loans have been those classified as subprime. Other types of privately issued mortgage-related securities, such as those classified as pay-option adjustable rate or Alt-A have also performed poorly.
Even loans classified as prime have experienced higher levels of delinquencies and defaults. The substantial decline in real property values across the United States has exacerbated the level of losses that investors in privately issued mortgage-related securities have experienced. It is not certain when these trends may reverse. Market factors that may adversely affect mortgage loan repayment include adverse economic conditions, unemployment, a decline in the value of real property, or an increase in interest rates.
Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, mortgage-related securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
The Fund may purchase privately issued mortgage-related securities that are originated, packaged and serviced by third party entities. It is possible these third parties could have interests that are in conflict with the holders of mortgage-related securities, and such holders (such as the Fund) could have rights against the third parties or their affiliates. For example, if a loan originator, servicer or its affiliates engaged in negligence or willful misconduct in carrying out its duties, then a holder of the mortgage-related security could seek recourse against the originator/servicer or its affiliates, as applicable. Also, as a loan originator/servicer, the originator/servicer or its affiliates may make certain representations and warranties regarding the quality of the mortgages and properties underlying a mortgage-related security. If one or more of those representations or warranties is false, then the holders of the mortgage-related securities (such as the Fund) could trigger an obligation of the originator/servicer or its affiliates, as applicable, to repurchase the mortgages from the issuing trust. Notwithstanding the foregoing, many of the third parties that are legally bound by trust and other documents have failed to perform their respective duties, as stipulated in such trust and other documents, and investors have had limited success in enforcing terms.
Mortgage-related securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Fund’s industry concentration restrictions by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to all U.S. Government securities. In the case of privately issued mortgage-related securities, Janus Capital takes the position that mortgage-related securities do not represent interests in any particular “industry” or group of industries. Therefore, the Fund may invest more or less than 25% of its total assets in privately issued mortgage-related securities. The assets underlying such securities may be represented by a portfolio of residential or commercial mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests that may be senior or junior in terms of priority of repayment) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration or the Department of Veterans Affairs. In the case of privately issued mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
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Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in commercial mortgage-backed securities. Commercial mortgage-backed securities include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
Other Mortgage-Related Securities. Other mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including collateralized mortgage obligation residuals or stripped mortgage-backed securities. Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing. In addition, the Fund may invest in any combination of mortgage-related interest-only or principal-only debt.
Mortgage-related securities include, among other things, securities that reflect an interest in reverse mortgages. In a reverse mortgage, a lender makes a loan to a homeowner based on the homeowner’s equity in his or her home. While a homeowner must be age 62 or older to qualify for a reverse mortgage, reverse mortgages may have no income restrictions. Repayment of the interest or principal for the loan is generally not required until the homeowner dies, sells the home, or ceases to use the home as his or her primary residence.
There are three general types of reverse mortgages: (1) single-purpose reverse mortgages, which are offered by certain state and local government agencies and nonprofit organizations; (2) federally-insured reverse mortgages, which are backed by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; and (3) proprietary reverse mortgages, which are privately offered loans. A mortgage-related security may be backed by a single type of reverse mortgage. Reverse mortgage-related securities include agency and privately issued mortgage-related securities. The principal government guarantor of reverse mortgage-related securities is Ginnie Mae.
Reverse mortgage-related securities may be subject to risks different than other types of mortgage-related securities due to the unique nature of the underlying loans. The date of repayment for such loans is uncertain and may occur sooner or later than anticipated. The timing of payments for the corresponding mortgage-related security may be uncertain. Because reverse mortgages are offered only to persons 62 and older and there may be no income restrictions, the loans may react differently than traditional home loans to market events.
Adjustable Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (“ARMBS”), which have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBS permits the Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBS are based. Such ARMBS generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBS, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, the Fund, when holding an ARMBS, does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBS behave more like fixed-income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed-income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.
Other Types of Pass-Through Securities. The Fund also may invest in other types of pass-through securities, such as credit-linked trust certificates, traded custody receipts, and participation interests. Holders of the interests are entitled to receive distributions of interest, principal, and other payments on each of the underlying debt securities (less expenses), and in some cases distributions of the underlying debt securities. The underlying debt securities
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have a specified maturity but are subject to prepayment risk because if an issuer prepays the principal, the Fund may have additional cash to invest at a time when prevailing interest rates have declined and reinvestment of such additional funds is made at a lower rate. The value of the underlying debt securities may change due to changes in market interest rates. If interest rates rise, the value of the underlying debt securities, and therefore the value of the pass-through security, may decline. If the underlying debt securities are high-yield securities, the risks associated with high-yield/high-risk securities discussed in this SAI and in the Fund’s Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus may apply.
Investment Company Securities
From time to time, the Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act and any applicable SEC exemptive orders. Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act prohibits the Fund from acquiring: (i) more than 3% of another investment company’s voting stock; (ii) securities of another investment company with a value in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets; or (iii) securities of such other investment company and all other investment companies owned by the Fund having a value in excess of 10% of the Fund’s total assets. In addition, Section 12(d)(1) prohibits another investment company from selling its shares to the Fund if, after the sale: (i) the Fund owns more than 3% of the other investment company’s voting stock or (ii) the Fund and other investment companies, and companies controlled by them, own more than 10% of the voting stock of such other investment company. To the extent the Fund is an underlying fund in a Janus fund of funds, the Fund may not acquire securities of other investment companies in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) and securities of open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G). The Fund may invest its cash holdings in affiliated or non-affiliated money market funds as part of a cash sweep program. The Fund may purchase unlimited shares of affiliated or non-affiliated money market funds and of other funds managed by Janus Capital, whether registered or unregistered entities, as permitted by the 1940 Act and rules promulgated thereunder and/or an SEC exemptive order. To the extent the Fund invests in money market funds or other funds, such Fund will be subject to the same risks that investors experience when investing in such other funds. These risks may include the impact of significant fluctuations in assets as a result of the cash sweep program or purchase and redemption activity by affiliated or non-affiliated shareholders in such other funds. Additionally, to the extent that Janus Capital serves as the investment adviser to underlying funds or investment vehicles in which the Fund may invest, Janus Capital may have conflicting interests in fulfilling its fiduciary duties to both the Fund and the underlying funds or investment vehicles. Money market funds are open-end registered investment companies which have historically traded at a stable $1.00 per share price. In July 2014, the SEC adopted amendments to money market fund regulations (“2014 Amendments”) intended to address perceived systemic risks associated with money market funds and to improve transparency for money market fund investors. In general, the 2014 Amendments require money market funds that do not meet the definitions of a retail money market fund or government money market fund to transact at a floating NAV per share (similar to all other non-money market mutual funds), instead of at a $1.00 stable share price, as has traditionally been the case. The 2014 Amendments also permit all money market funds to impose liquidity fees and redemption gates for use in times of market stress. The SEC also adopted additional diversification, stress testing, and disclosure measures. The 2014 Amendments represent significant departures from the traditional operation of money market funds and the impact that these amendments might have on money market funds is unclear; however, any impact on the trading and value of money market instruments as a result of the 2014 Amendments may negatively affect the Fund’s return potential.
Investment companies may include index-based investments such as exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), which hold substantially all of their assets in investments representing specific indices. The main risk of investing in index-based investments is the same as investing in a portfolio of investments comprising the index. Index-based investments may not replicate exactly the performance of their specific index because of transaction costs and because of the temporary unavailability of certain component securities of the index. Some ETFs have obtained exemptive orders permitting other investment companies, such as the Fund, to acquire their securities in excess of the limits of the 1940 Act.
As a shareholder of another investment company, the Fund would bear its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees, in addition to the expenses the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operation. The market prices of index-based investments and closed-end funds will fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the market value of their underlying portfolio investments and due to supply and demand for the instruments on the exchanges on which they are traded (which may result in their trading at a discount or premium to their NAVs). If the market price of shares of an index-based investment or closed-end fund decreases below the price that the Fund paid for the shares and the Fund were to sell its shares of such investment company at a time when the market price is lower than the price at which it purchased the shares, the Fund would experience a loss.
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Business Development Companies (“BDCs”). BDCs are a type of closed-end fund regulated under the 1940 Act. BDCs are publicly-traded mezzanine/private equity funds that typically invest in and lend to small and medium-sized private companies that may not have access to public equity markets for capital raising. BDCs are unique in that at least 70% of their investments must be made to private U.S. businesses and BDCs are required to make available significant managerial assistance to their portfolio companies. BDCs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with applicable requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. BDCs have expenses associated with their operations. Accordingly, the Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management and other expenses, and of any performance based fees, charged by the BDCs in which it invests.
Investments in BDCs are subject to various risks, including management’s ability to meet the BDC’s investment objective, and to manage the BDC’s portfolio when the underlying securities are redeemed or sold, during periods of market turmoil and as investors’ perceptions regarding a BDC or its underlying investments change. BDC shares are not redeemable at the option of the BDC shareholder and, as with shares of other closed-end funds, they may trade in the secondary market at a premium or discount to their NAV.
Exchange-Traded Notes
The Fund may invest in exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), which are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to a particular index and provide exposure to the total returns of various market indices, including indices linked to stocks, bonds, commodities, and currencies. This type of debt security differs from other types of bonds and notes. ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index minus applicable fees; no period coupon payments are distributed and no principal protections exist. ETNs do not pay cash distributions. Instead, the value of dividends, interest, and investment gains are captured in the Fund’s total return. The Fund may invest in these securities when desiring exposure to debt securities or commodities. When evaluating ETNs for investment, Janus Capital or the sub-adviser, as applicable, will consider the potential risks involved, expected tax efficiency, rate of return, and credit risk. As senior debt securities, ETNs rank above the issuing company’s other securities in the event of a bankruptcy or liquidation, which means the Fund would be in line to receive repayment of its investment before certain of the company’s other creditors. When the Fund invests in ETNs, it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. There may be restrictions on the Fund’s right to redeem its investment in an ETN, which are meant to be held until maturity. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market.
Equity-Linked Notes
An equity-linked note (“ELN”) is a debt instrument whose value is based on the value of a single equity security, basket of equity securities or an index of equity securities (each, an “underlying equity”). An ELN typically provides interest income, thereby offering a yield advantage over investing directly in an underlying equity. The Fund may purchase ELNs that trade on a securities exchange or those that trade on the over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets, including Rule 144A securities. The Fund may also purchase ELNs in a privately negotiated transaction with the issuer of the ELNs (or its broker-dealer affiliate). The Fund may or may not hold an ELN until its maturity.
Equity-linked securities also include issues such as Structured Yield Product Exchangeable for Stock (STRYPES), Trust Automatic Common Exchange Securities (TRACES), Trust Issued Mandatory Exchange Securities (TIMES) and Trust Enhanced Dividend Securities (TRENDS). The issuers of these equity-linked securities generally purchase and hold a portfolio of stripped U.S. Treasury securities maturing on a quarterly basis through the conversion date, and a forward purchase contract with an existing shareholder of the company relating to the common stock. Quarterly distributions on such equity-linked securities generally consist of the cash received from the U.S. Treasury securities and such equity-linked securities generally are not entitled to any dividends that may be declared on the common stock.
Depositary Receipts
The Fund may invest in sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), which are receipts issued by an American bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in U.S. securities markets. Unsponsored ADRs may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these ADRs generally bear all the costs of the ADR facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs in a sponsored ADR. The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored ADR may be under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received
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from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights. The Fund may also invest in European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), and in other similar instruments representing securities of foreign companies. EDRs and GDRs are securities that are typically issued by foreign banks or foreign trust companies, although U.S. banks or U.S. trust companies may issue them. EDRs and GDRs are structured similarly to the arrangements of ADRs. EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets.
Depositary receipts are generally subject to the same sort of risks as direct investments in a foreign country, such as currency risk, political and economic risk, regulatory risk, market risk, and geographic investment risk, because their values depend on the performance of a foreign security denominated in its home currency. The risks of foreign investing are addressed in some detail in the Fund’s Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus.
U.S. Government Securities
To the extent permitted by its investment objective and policies, the Fund may invest in U.S. Government securities. The 1940 Act defines U.S. Government securities to include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies, and its instrumentalities. U.S. Government securities may also include repurchase agreements collateralized by and municipal securities escrowed with or refunded with U.S. Government securities. U.S. Government securities in which the Fund may invest include U.S. Treasury securities, including Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (“TIPS”), Treasury bills, notes, and bonds, and obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, such as those issued or guaranteed by the Small Business Administration, Maritime Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Housing Administration, and Ginnie Mae. In addition, U.S. Government securities in which the Fund may invest include securities backed only by the rights of the issuers to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, such as those issued by the members of the Federal Farm Credit System, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Tennessee Valley Authority, and Freddie Mac. Securities issued by Fannie Mae, the Federal Home Loan Banks, and the Student Loan Marketing Association (“Sallie Mae”) are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the obligations. There is no guarantee that the U.S. Government will support securities not backed by its full faith and credit. Accordingly, although these securities have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity, they may involve more risk than securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government because the Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the securities for repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States if the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment.
Because of the rising U.S. Government debt burden, it is possible that the U.S. Government may not be able to meet its financial obligations or that securities issued or backed by the U.S. Government may experience credit downgrades. Such a credit event may adversely affect the financial markets.
Inflation-Linked Securities
The Fund may invest in inflation-indexed securities, including municipal inflation-indexed bonds and corporate inflation-indexed bonds, or in derivatives that are linked to these securities. Inflation-linked bonds are fixed-income securities that have a principal value that is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. If an index measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will typically be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Because of their inflation adjustment feature, inflation-linked bonds typically have lower yields than conventional fixed-rate bonds. In addition, inflation-linked bonds also normally decline in price when real interest rates rise. In the event of deflation, when prices decline over time, the principal and income of inflation-linked bonds would likely decline, resulting in losses to the Fund.
In the case of Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, also known as TIPS, repayment of original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. For inflation-linked bonds that do not provide a similar guarantee, the adjusted principal value of the inflation-linked bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal. Inflation-linked bonds may also be issued by, or related to, sovereign governments of other developed countries, emerging market countries, or companies or other entities not affiliated with governments.
[Municipal Obligations
The Fund may invest in municipal obligations issued by states, territories, and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia. The municipal obligations which the Fund may purchase include general obligation bonds and limited obligation bonds (or revenue bonds), and private activity bonds. In addition, the Fund may invest in
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securities issued by entities whose underlying assets are municipal bonds. General obligation bonds are obligations involving the credit of an issuer possessing taxing power and are payable from such issuer’s general revenues and not from any particular source. Limited obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Tax-exempt private activity bonds generally are also revenue bonds and thus are not payable from the issuer’s general revenues.
The value of municipal obligations can be affected by changes in their actual or perceived credit quality. The credit quality of municipal obligations can be affected by, among other things, the financial condition of the issuer or guarantor, the issuer’s future borrowing plans and sources of revenue, the economic feasibility of the revenue bond project or general borrowing purpose, political or economic developments in the region where the security is issued, and the liquidity of the security. Because municipal securities are generally traded over-the-counter, the liquidity of a particular issue often depends on the willingness of dealers to make a market in the security. The liquidity of some municipal obligations may be enhanced by demand features, which would enable the Fund to demand payment on short notice from the issuer or a financial intermediary.
The Fund may invest in longer-term municipal obligations that give the investor the right to “put” or sell the security at par (face value) within a specified number of days following the investor’s request – usually one to seven days. This demand feature enhances a security’s liquidity by shortening its effective maturity and enables it to trade at a price equal to or very close to par. If a demand feature terminates prior to being exercised, the Fund would hold the longer-term security, which could experience substantially more volatility.]
Other Income-Producing Securities
Other types of income-producing securities that the Fund may purchase include, but are not limited to, the following types of securities:
Inverse Floaters. Inverse floaters are debt instruments whose interest bears an inverse relationship to the interest rate on another security. The Fund will not invest more than 5% of its assets in inverse floaters. Similar to variable and floating rate obligations, effective use of inverse floaters requires skills different from those needed to select most portfolio securities. If movements in interest rates are incorrectly anticipated, the Fund could lose money, or its NAV could decline by the use of inverse floaters.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions. The Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment basis. When such purchases are outstanding, the Fund will segregate or “earmark” liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price. Typically, no income accrues on securities the Fund has committed to purchase prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although the Fund may earn income on securities it has segregated or “earmarked.”
When purchasing a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations, and takes such fluctuations into account when determining its net asset value. Because the Fund is not required to pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with the Fund’s other investments. If the other party to a transaction fails to deliver the securities, the Fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity. If the Fund remains substantially fully invested at a time when when-issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment purchases are outstanding, the purchases may result in a form of leverage.
When the Fund has sold a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment basis, the Fund does not participate in future gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a transaction fails to pay for the securities, the Fund could suffer a loss. Additionally, when selling a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment basis without owning the security, the Fund will incur a loss if the security’s price appreciates in value such that the security’s price is above the agreed upon price on the settlement date.
The Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a transaction after it is entered into, and may purchase or sell when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment securities before the settlement date, which may result in a gain or loss.
Standby Commitments. Standby commitments are the rights to sell a specified underlying security or securities within a specified period of time and at an exercise price equal to the amortized cost of the underlying security or securities plus accrued interest, if any, at the time of exercise, that may be sold, transferred, or assigned only with the underlying security or securities. A standby commitment entitles the holder to receive same day settlement and will be considered to be from the party to whom the investment company will look for payment of the exercise price.
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Strip Bonds. Strip bonds are debt securities that are stripped of their interest (usually by a financial intermediary) after the securities are issued. The market value of these securities generally fluctuates more in response to changes in interest rates than interest-paying securities of comparable maturity.
Tender Option Bonds. Tender option bonds are relatively long-term bonds that are coupled with the option to tender the securities to a bank, broker-dealer, or other financial institution at periodic intervals and receive the face value of the bonds. This investment structure is commonly used as a means of enhancing a security’s liquidity.
The Fund will purchase standby commitments, tender option bonds, and instruments with demand features primarily for the purpose of increasing the liquidity of its portfolio holdings.
Variable and Floating Rate Obligations. These types of securities have variable or floating rates of interest and, under certain limited circumstances, may have varying principal amounts. Variable and floating rate securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specified formula, usually with reference to some interest rate index or market interest rate (the “underlying index”). The floating rate tends to decrease the security’s price sensitivity to changes in interest rates. These types of securities are relatively long-term instruments that often carry demand features permitting the holder to demand payment of principal at any time or at specified intervals prior to maturity.
In order to most effectively use these investments, the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel must correctly assess probable movements in interest rates. This involves different skills than those used to select most portfolio securities. If the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel incorrectly forecast such movements, the Fund could be adversely affected by the use of variable or floating rate obligations.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”) and Real Estate-Linked Derivatives
Within the parameters of its specific investment policies, the Fund may invest in REITs. REITs are sometimes informally characterized as equity REITs, mortgage REITs, and hybrid REITs. In addition, the Fund may gain exposure to the real estate sector by investing in real estate-linked derivatives and common, preferred and convertible securities of issuers in real estate-related industries. Investments in REITs and real estate-linked derivatives are subject to risks similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate, including loss to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, zoning law amendments, changes in interest rates, overbuilding and increased competition, variations in market value, fluctuations in rental income, possible environmental liabilities, regulatory limitations on rent, and other risks related to local or general economic conditions. Equity REITs generally experience these risks directly through fee or leasehold interests, whereas mortgage REITs generally experience these risks indirectly through mortgage interests, unless the mortgage REIT forecloses on the underlying real estate. Changes in interest rates may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in REITs. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, certain mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay, and prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by those REITs.
Certain REITs have relatively small market capitalizations, which may tend to increase the volatility of the market price of their securities. Furthermore, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, and the possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Internal Revenue Code and to maintain exemption from the registration requirements of the 1940 Act. By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, a shareholder will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of the REITs. In addition, REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders.
Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements
In a repurchase agreement, the Fund purchases an equity or fixed-income security and simultaneously commits to resell that security to the seller at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date within a number of days (usually not more than seven) from the date of purchase. The resale price consists of the purchase price plus an agreed upon incremental amount that is unrelated to the coupon rate or maturity of the purchased security. A repurchase agreement involves the obligation of the seller to pay the agreed upon price, which obligation is in effect secured by the value (at least equal to the amount of the agreed upon resale price and marked-to-market daily) of the underlying
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security or “collateral.” A risk associated with repurchase agreements is the failure of the seller to repurchase the securities as agreed, which may cause the Fund to suffer a loss if the market value of such securities declines before they can be liquidated on the open market. In the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of the seller, the Fund may encounter delays and incur costs in liquidating the underlying security. In addition, the collateral received in the repurchase transaction may become worthless. To the extent the Fund’s collateral focuses in one or more sectors, such as banks and financial services, the Fund is subject to increased risk as a result of that exposure. Repurchase agreements that mature in more than seven days are subject to the 15% limit on illiquid investments. While it is not possible to eliminate all risks from these transactions, it is the policy of the Fund to limit repurchase agreements to those parties whose creditworthiness has been reviewed and found satisfactory by Janus Capital. There is no guarantee that Janus Capital’s analysis of the creditworthiness of the counterparty will be accurate, and the underlying collateral involved in the transaction can expose the Fund to additional risk regardless of the creditworthiness of the parties involved in the transaction.
Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund sells an equity or fixed-income security and simultaneously commits to repurchase that security from the buyer, such as a bank or broker-dealer, at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon future date. The resale price in a reverse repurchase agreement reflects a market rate of interest that is not related to the coupon rate or maturity of the sold security. For certain demand agreements, there is no agreed upon repurchase date and interest payments are calculated daily, often based upon the prevailing overnight repurchase rate. The Fund will use the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements only to satisfy unusually heavy redemption requests or for other temporary or emergency purposes without the necessity of selling portfolio securities, or to earn additional income on portfolio securities, such as Treasury bills or notes.
Generally, a reverse repurchase agreement enables the Fund to recover for the term of the reverse repurchase agreement all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities sold and to keep the interest income associated with those portfolio securities. Such transactions are only advantageous if the interest cost to the Fund of the reverse repurchase transaction is less than the cost of obtaining the cash otherwise. In addition, interest costs on the money received in a reverse repurchase agreement may exceed the return received on the investments made by the Fund with those monies. Using reverse repurchase agreements to earn additional income involves the risk that the interest earned on the invested proceeds is less than the expense of the reverse repurchase agreement transaction. This technique may also have a leveraging effect on the Fund’s portfolio, although the Fund’s intent to segregate assets in the amount of the reverse repurchase agreement minimizes this effect. While a reverse repurchase agreement is outstanding, the Fund will maintain cash and appropriate liquid assets in a segregated custodial account to cover its obligation under the agreement. The Fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties that Janus Capital deems creditworthy. The Fund will limit its investments in reverse repurchase agreements to one-third or less of its total assets.
Mortgage Dollar Rolls
The Fund may enter into “mortgage dollar rolls,” which are similar to reverse repurchase agreements in certain respects. In a “mortgage dollar roll” transaction, the Fund sells a mortgage-related security (such as a Ginnie Mae security) to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to repurchase a similar security (but not the same security) in the future at a predetermined price. A “dollar roll” can be viewed, like a reverse repurchase agreement, as a collateralized borrowing in which the Fund pledges a mortgage-related security to a dealer to obtain cash. Unlike in the case of reverse repurchase agreements, the dealer with which the Fund enters into a dollar roll transaction is not obligated to return the same securities as those originally sold by the Fund, but only securities which are “substantially identical.” To be considered “substantially identical,” the securities returned to the Fund generally must: (i) be collateralized by the same types of underlying mortgages; (ii) be issued by the same agency and be part of the same program; (iii) have a similar original stated maturity; (iv) have identical net coupon rates; (v) have similar market yields (and, therefore, price); and (vi) satisfy “good delivery” requirements, meaning that the aggregate principal amounts of the securities delivered and received back must be within 2.5% of the initial amount delivered.
The Fund’s obligations under a dollar roll agreement must be covered by cash, U.S. Government securities, or other liquid high grade debt obligations equal in value to the securities subject to repurchase by the Fund, and segregated in accordance with 1940 Act requirements. To the extent the Fund collateralizes its obligations under a dollar roll agreement, the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act will not apply to such transactions. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, an underlying mortgage-backed security that is part of a dollar roll transaction may be considered illiquid. During the roll period, the Fund foregoes principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed security. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sale price and the lower forward purchase price, often referred to as the “drop,” as well as the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
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Successful use of mortgage dollar rolls depends on the Fund’s ability to predict interest rates and mortgage payments. Dollar roll transactions involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is required to purchase may decline below the agreed upon repurchase price.
Callable Securities
The Fund may invest in callable securities. Callable securities give the issuer the right to redeem the security on a given date or dates (known as the call dates) prior to maturity. In return, the call feature is factored into the price of the debt security, and callable debt securities typically offer a higher yield than comparable non-callable securities. Certain securities may be called only in whole (the entire security is redeemed), while others may be called only in part (a portion of the total face value is redeemed) and possibly from time to time as determined by the issuer. There is no guarantee that a Fund will receive higher yields or a call premium on an investment in callable securities.
The period of time between the time of issue and the first call date, known as call protection, varies from security to security. Call protection provides the investor holding the security with assurance that the security will not be called before a specified date. As a result, securities with call protection generally cost more than similar securities without call protection. Call protection will make a callable security more similar to a long-term debt security, resulting in an associated increase in the callable security’s interest rate sensitivity.
Documentation for callable securities usually requires that investors be notified of a call within a prescribed period of time. If a security is called, the Fund will receive the principal amount and accrued interest, and may receive a small additional payment as a call premium. Issuers are more likely to exercise call options in periods when interest rates are below the rate at which the original security was issued, because the issuer can issue new securities with lower interest payments. Callable securities are subject to the risks of other debt securities in general, including prepayment risk, especially in falling interest rate environments.
Loans
The Fund may invest in various commercial loans, including bank loans, bridge loans, debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) loans, mezzanine loans, and other fixed and floating rate loans. The loans in which the Fund may invest may be denominated in U.S. or non-U.S. currencies, including the euro. Some of the Fund’s bank loan investments may be deemed illiquid and therefore would be subject to the Fund’s limit of investing up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, when combined with the Fund’s other illiquid investments.
Bank Loans. Bank loans are obligations of companies or other entities that are typically issued in connection with recapitalizations, acquisitions, and refinancings, and may be offered on a public or private basis. These investments may include institutionally-traded floating and fixed-rate debt securities. Bank loans often involve borrowers with low credit ratings whose financial conditions are troubled or uncertain, including companies that are highly leveraged and may be distressed or involved in bankruptcy proceedings. The Fund generally invests in bank loans directly through an agent, either by assignment from another holder of the loan or as a participation interest in another holder’s portion of the loan. The Fund may also purchase interests and/or servicing or similar rights in such loans. Assignments and participations involve credit risk, interest rate risk, and liquidity risk. To the extent the Fund invests in non-U.S. bank loan investments, those investments are subject to the risks of foreign investment, including Eurozone risk. Some bank loans may be purchased on a “when-issued” basis.
When the Fund purchases an assignment, the Fund generally assumes all the rights and obligations under the loan agreement and will generally become a “lender” for purposes of the particular loan agreement. The rights and obligations acquired by the Fund under an assignment may be different, and be more limited, than those held by an assigning lender. Subject to the terms of a loan agreement, the Fund may enforce compliance by a borrower with the terms of the loan agreement and may have rights with respect to any funds acquired by other lenders through set-off. If a loan is foreclosed, the Fund may become part owner of any collateral securing the loan and may bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of any collateral. The Fund could be held liable as a co-lender. In addition, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the borrower’s obligations or that the collateral could be liquidated.
If the Fund purchases a participation interest, it typically will have a contractual relationship with the lender and not with the borrower. The Fund may only be able to enforce its rights through the lender and may assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender, or any other intermediate participant. The Fund may have the right to
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receive payments of principal, interest, and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender and only upon receipt by the lender of the payments from the borrower. The failure by the Fund to receive scheduled interest or principal payments may adversely affect the income of the Fund and may likely reduce the value of its assets, which would be reflected by a reduction in the Fund’s NAV.
The borrower of a loan in which the Fund holds an assignment or participation interest may, either at its own election or pursuant to the terms of the loan documentation, prepay amounts of the loan from time to time. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to reinvest the proceeds of any loan prepayment at the same interest rate or on the same terms as those of the original loan participation. This may result in the Fund realizing less income on a particular investment and replacing the loan with a less attractive security, which may provide less return to the Fund.
Bank Obligations. Bank obligations in which the Fund may invest include certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, and fixed time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits.
Corporate Loans. The Fund may invest in corporate loans. Corporate loans have the most senior position in a borrower’s capital structure or share the senior position with other senior debt securities of the borrower (“Corporate Loans”). This capital structure position generally gives holders of Corporate Loans a priority claim on some or all of the borrower’s assets in the event of default. Most of the Fund’s Corporate Loans investments will be secured by specific assets of the borrower. Corporate Loans also have contractual terms designed to protect lenders. The Fund generally acquires Corporate Loans of borrowers that, in Janus Capital’s or the sub-adviser’s judgment, can make timely payments on their Corporate Loans and that satisfy other credit standards established by Janus Capital or a sub-adviser. Nevertheless, investing in Corporate Loans does involve investment risk, and some borrowers default on their loan payments. The Fund attempts to manage these risks through careful analyses and monitoring of borrowers.
There is less readily available, reliable information about most Corporate Loans than is the case for many other types of securities. In addition, there is no minimum rating or other independent evaluation of a borrower or its securities, and thus Janus Capital or a sub-adviser relies primarily on its own evaluation of borrower credit quality rather on any available independent source. As a result, the Fund is particularly dependent on the analytical abilities of Janus Capital or a sub-adviser, as applicable.
Corporate Loans generally are not listed on any national securities exchange or automated quotation system and no active trading market exists for many Corporate Loans. As a result, Corporate Loans are illiquid, meaning that the Fund may not be able to sell them quickly at a fair price. In addition, the market for Corporate Loans, if any, could be disrupted in the event of an economic downturn or a substantial increase or decrease in the interest rates. However, many Corporate Loans are of a large principal amount and are held by a large number of owners. In the opinion of each of Janus Capital and the sub-adviser, this should enhance their liquidity.
The Fund may acquire Corporate Loans of borrowers that are experiencing, or are more likely to experience, financial difficulty, including Corporate Loans issued in highly leveraged transactions. The Fund may even acquire and retain in its portfolio Corporate Loans of borrowers that have filed for bankruptcy protection. Because of the protective terms of Corporate Loans, each of Janus Capital and the sub-adviser believes that the Fund is more likely to recover more of its investment in a defaulted Corporate Loan than would be the case for most other types of defaulted debt securities. Nevertheless, even in the case of collateralized Corporate Loans, there is no assurance that sale of the collateral would raise enough cash to satisfy the borrower’s payment obligation or that the collateral can or will be liquidated. In the case of bankruptcy, liquidation may not occur and the court may not give lenders the full benefit of their senior position. Uncollateralized Corporate Loans involve a greater risk of loss.
Floating Rate Loans. The Fund may invest in secured and unsecured floating rate loans. Floating rate loans typically are negotiated, structured, and originated by a bank or other financial institution (an “agent”) for a lending
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group or “syndicate” of financial institutions. In most cases, the Fund relies on the agent to assert appropriate creditor remedies against the borrower. The agent may not have the same interests as the Fund, and the agent may determine to waive certain covenants contained in the loan agreement that the Fund would not otherwise have determined to waive. The typical practice of an agent relying on reports from a borrower about its financial condition may involve a risk of fraud by a borrower. In addition, if an agent becomes insolvent or carries out its duties improperly, the Fund may experience delays in realizing payment and/or risk loss of principal and/or income on its floating rate loan investments. The investment team performs a credit analysis on the borrower but typically does not perform a credit analysis on the agent or other intermediate participants.
Floating rate loans have interest rates that adjust periodically and are tied to a benchmark lending rate such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). LIBOR is a short-term interest rate that banks charge one another and is generally representative of the most competitive and current cash rates. In other cases, the lending rate could be tied to the prime rate offered by one or more major U.S. banks (“Prime Rate”) or the rate paid on large certificates of deposit traded in the secondary markets (“CD rate”). The interest rate on Prime Rate based loans and corporate debt securities may float daily as the Prime Rate changes, while the interest rate on LIBOR or CD rate based loans and corporate debt securities may reset periodically. If the benchmark lending rate changes, the rate payable to lenders under the loan will change at the next scheduled adjustment date specified in the loan agreement. Investing in floating rate loans with longer interest rate reset periods may increase fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV as a result of changes in interest rates. The Fund may attempt to hedge against interest rate fluctuations by entering into interest rate swaps or by using other hedging techniques.
While the Fund generally expects to invest in fully funded term loans, certain of the loans in which the Fund may invest may not be fully funded at the time of investment. These types of loans include revolving loans, bridge loans, DIP loans, delayed funding loans, and delayed draw term loans. Such loans generally obligate the lender (and those with an interest in the loan) to fund the loan at the borrower’s discretion. As such, the Fund would need to maintain assets sufficient to meet its contractual obligations. In cases where the Fund invests in revolving loans, bridge loans, DIP loans, delayed funding loans, or delayed draw term loans, the Fund will maintain high-quality liquid assets in an amount at least equal to its obligations under the loans. Amounts maintained in high-quality liquid assets may provide less return to the Fund than investments in floating rate loans or other investments. Loans involving revolving credit facilities, bridge financing, DIP loans, delayed funding loans, or delayed draw terms may require the Fund to increase its investment in a particular floating rate loan when it otherwise would not have done so. Further, the Fund may be obligated to do so even if it may be unlikely that the borrower will repay amounts due.
Purchasers of floating rate loans may pay and/or receive certain fees. The Fund may receive fees such as covenant waiver fees or prepayment penalty fees. The Fund may pay fees such as facility fees. Such fees may affect the Fund’s return.
The secondary market on which floating rate loans are traded may be less liquid than the market for investment grade securities or other types of income-producing securities, which may have an adverse impact on their market price. There is also a potential that there is no active market to trade floating rate loans and that there may be restrictions on their transfer. As a result, the Fund may be unable to sell assignments or participations at the desired time or may be able to sell only at a price less than fair market value. The secondary market may also be subject to irregular trading activity, wide price spreads, and extended trade settlement periods. With respect to below-investment grade or unrated securities, it also may be more difficult to value the securities because valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a larger role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available.
Mezzanine Investments. Mezzanine loans are secured by the stock of the company that owns the assets acquired with the proceeds of the loan. Mezzanine loans are a hybrid of debt and equity financing that is typically used to fund the expansion of existing companies. A mezzanine loan is composed of debt capital that gives the lender the right to convert to an ownership or equity interest in the company if the loan is not paid back in time and in full. Mezzanine loans typically are the most subordinated debt obligation in an issuer’s capital structure. Mezzanine loans generally are rated below investment grade, and frequently are unrated. Investment in mezzanine loans is a specialized practice that depends more heavily on independent credit analysis than investments in other fixed-income securities.
Other Securities. The Fund may invest in other types of securities including, but not limited to, subordinated or junior debt, mezzanine loans secured by the stock of the company that owns the assets, corporate debt securities (corporate bonds, debentures, notes, and other similar corporate debt instruments), U.S. Government securities,
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mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, repurchase agreements, certain money market instruments, high-risk/high-yield bonds, and other instruments (including synthetic or hybrid) that pay interest at rates that adjust whenever a specified interest rate changes and/or resets on predetermined dates.
Confidential Information. With respect to certain loan transactions, including but not limited to private placements, the Fund may determine not to receive confidential information. Such a decision may place the Fund at a disadvantage relative to other investors in loans who determine to receive confidential information, as the Fund may be limited in its available investments or unable to make accurate assessments related to certain investments.
In cases where Janus Capital receives material, nonpublic information about the issuers of loans that may be held in the Fund’s holdings, Janus Capital’s ability to trade in these loans for the account of the Fund could potentially be limited by its possession of such information, to the extent required by applicable law. Such limitations on the ability to trade in the loans and/or other securities of the issuer could have an adverse effect on the Fund by, for example, preventing the Fund from selling a loan that is experiencing a material decline in value. In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial period of time.
In addition, because the Fund becomes a creditor of an issuer when holding a bond, Janus Capital may from time to time participate on creditor committees on behalf of the Fund. These are committees formed by creditors to negotiate with management of the issuer and are intended to protect the rights of bondholders in the event of bankruptcy, bond covenant default, or other issuer-related financial problems. Participation on creditor committees may expose Janus Capital or the Fund to material non-public information of the issuer, restricting such Fund’s ability to trade in or acquire additional positions in a particular security or other securities of the issuer when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation on creditor committees may also expose the Fund to federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing rights of debtors and creditors. Additionally, such participation may subject the Fund to expenses such as legal fees. Janus Capital will only participate on creditor committees on behalf of the Fund when it believes such participation is necessary or desirable to protect the value of portfolio securities or enforce the Fund’s rights as a creditor.
Borrowings
The Fund may borrow money as permitted by the 1940 Act. This borrowing may be unsecured. The 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage of 300% of the amount borrowed. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time. Borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that may or may not be offset by amounts earned on the borrowed funds. The Fund may also be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment fee or other fees to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate. The Fund may, in connection with permissible borrowings, transfer as collateral securities owned by the Fund.
Borrowings by the Fund may result in leveraging of the Fund’s shares. Utilization of leverage, which is usually considered speculative, involves certain risks to the Fund’s shareholders (“leverage risks”) that do not exist for unleveraged funds having a similar investment objective. These leverage risks include a higher volatility of the NAV of the Fund’s shares, increased operating costs and the relatively greater effect of performance on the NAV of the shares. So long as the Fund is able to realize a net return on its investment portfolio that is higher than the interest expense paid on borrowings, the effect of leverage will be to cause the Fund’s shareholders to realize a higher current net investment income and/or higher NAV than if the Fund were not leveraged. On the other hand, if the interest expense on borrowings approaches the net return on the Fund’s investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to the Fund’s shareholders will be reduced. If the interest expense on borrowings were to exceed the net return to shareholders, the Fund’s use of leverage would result in a lower rate of return. Similarly, the effect of leverage in a declining market could be a greater decrease in NAV per share.
Guaranteed Investment Contracts (Funding Agreements)
The Fund may invest in funding agreements. Guaranteed investment contracts, or funding agreements, are short-term, privately placed debt instruments issued by insurance companies. Pursuant to such contracts, the Fund may make cash contributions to a deposit fund or the insurance company’s general account. The insurance company then credits to the Fund payments at negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. The Fund will purchase guaranteed investment contracts only from issuers that, at the time of purchase, meet certain credit and quality standards. In
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general, guaranteed investment contracts are not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance companies, and an active secondary market does not exist for these investments. In addition, the issuer may not be able to pay the principal amount to a Fund on seven days’ notice or less, at which time the investment may be considered illiquid under applicable SEC regulatory guidance and subject to certain restrictions. Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may also apply, the risks typically associated with guaranteed investment contracts (funding agreements) include credit risk and liquidity risk.
High-Yield/High-Risk Bonds
Within the parameters of its specific investment policies, the Fund may invest in bonds that are rated below investment grade (i.e., bonds rated BB+ or lower by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and Fitch, Inc., or Ba or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.). To the extent the Fund invests in high-yield/high-risk bonds (also known as “junk” bonds), under normal circumstances, the Fund will limit its investments in such bonds to 20% or less of its net assets.
Lower rated bonds involve a higher degree of credit risk, which is the risk that the issuer will not make interest or principal payments when due. In the event of an unanticipated default, the Fund would experience a reduction in its income, and could expect a decline in the market value of the bonds so affected.
The Fund may also invest in unrated bonds of foreign and domestic issuers. If the Fund is subject to such limit, unrated bonds will be included in the Fund’s limit, as applicable, on investments in bonds rated below investment grade unless its portfolio managers and/or investment personnel deem such securities to be the equivalent of investment grade bonds. Unrated bonds, while not necessarily of lower quality than rated bonds, may not have as broad a market. Because of the size and perceived demand of the issue, among other factors, certain municipalities may not incur the costs of obtaining a rating. The Fund’s portfolio managers and/or investment personnel will analyze the creditworthiness of the issuer, as well as any financial institution or other party responsible for payments on the bond, in determining whether to purchase unrated municipal bonds.
The secondary market on which high-yield securities are traded is less liquid than the market for investment grade securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of the security. Additionally, it may be more difficult to value the securities because valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a larger role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available.
Please refer to the “Explanation of Rating Categories” section of this SAI for a description of bond rating categories.
Defaulted Securities
The Fund may hold defaulted securities if its portfolio managers and/or investment personnel believe, based upon an analysis of the financial condition, results of operations, and economic outlook of an issuer, that there is potential for resumption of income payments and that the securities offer an unusual opportunity for capital appreciation. If the Fund is subject to such limit, defaulted securities will be included in the Fund’s limit on investments in bonds rated below investment grade. Notwithstanding the portfolio managers’ and/or investment personnel’s belief about the resumption of income, however, the purchase of any security on which payment of interest or dividends is suspended involves a high degree of risk. Such risk includes, among other things, the following:
Financial and Market Risks. Investments in securities that are in default involve a high degree of financial and market risks that can result in substantial or, at times, even total losses. Issuers of defaulted securities may have substantial capital needs and may become involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Among the problems involved in investments in such issuers is the fact that it may be difficult to obtain information about the condition of such issuers. The market prices of such securities also are subject to abrupt and erratic movements and above average price volatility, and the spread between the bid and asked prices of such securities may be greater than normally expected.
Disposition of Portfolio Securities. Although the Fund generally will purchase securities for which their portfolio managers and/or investment personnel expect an active market to be maintained, defaulted securities may be less actively traded than other securities, and it may be difficult to dispose of substantial holdings of such securities at prevailing market prices. The Fund will limit holdings of any such securities to amounts that the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel believe could be readily sold, and holdings of such securities would, in any event, be limited so as not to limit the Fund’s ability to readily dispose of securities to meet redemptions.
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Other. Defaulted securities require active monitoring and may, at times, require participation in bankruptcy or receivership proceedings on behalf of the Fund.
Futures, Options, and Other Derivative Instruments
The Fund may invest in various types of derivatives, which may at times result in significant derivative exposure. A derivative is a financial instrument whose performance is derived from the performance of another asset. The Fund may invest in derivative instruments including, but not limited to: futures contracts, put options, call options, options on futures contracts, options on foreign currencies, options on recovery locks, options on security and commodity indices, swaps, forward contracts, structured investments, and other equity-linked derivatives. The Fund may also invest in long-term equity anticipation securities (“LEAPS”). LEAPS are publicly traded options contracts with expiration dates of longer than one year. The longer expiration date of LEAPS offers the opportunity for the Fund to gain exposure to prolonged price changes without having to invest in a combination of shorter-term traditional options contracts. LEAPS may be purchased for individual stocks or for equity indices.
The Fund may use derivative instruments for hedging purposes (to offset risks associated with an investment, currency exposure, or market conditions), to adjust currency exposure relative to a benchmark index, or for speculative purposes (to earn income and seek to enhance returns). When the Fund invests in a derivative for speculative purposes, the Fund will be fully exposed to the risks of loss of that derivative, which may sometimes be greater than the derivative’s cost. The Fund may not use any derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that they would be prohibited by their investment restrictions from purchasing directly. The Fund’s ability to use derivative instruments may also be limited by tax considerations. (See “Income Dividends, Capital Gains Distributions, and Tax Status.”)
Investments in derivatives in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Investments in derivatives may not directly correlate with the price movements of the underlying instrument. As a result, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than otherwise would be the case. Derivatives can be volatile and may involve significant risks, including:
Counterparty risk – the risk that the counterparty (the party on the other side of the transaction) on a derivative transaction will be unable to honor its financial obligation to the Fund. Currency risk – the risk that changes in the exchange rate between currencies will adversely affect the value (in U.S. dollar terms) of an investment.
Leverage risk – the risk associated with certain types of leveraged investments or trading strategies pursuant to which relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of an investment. A Fund creates leverage by investing in instruments, including derivatives, where the investment loss can exceed the original amount invested. Certain investments or trading strategies, such as short sales, that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
Liquidity risk – the risk that certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the seller would like or at the price that the seller believes the security is currently worth.
Index risk – if the derivative is linked to the performance of an index, it will be subject to the risks associated with changes in that index. If the index changes, the Fund could receive lower interest payments or experience a reduction in the value of the derivative to below what the Fund paid. Certain indexed securities, including inverse securities (which move in an opposite direction to the index), may create leverage, to the extent that they increase or decrease in value at a rate that is a multiple of the changes in the applicable index.
Derivatives may generally be traded over-the-counter (“OTC”) or on an exchange. Derivatives traded OTC, such as options and structured notes, are agreements that are individually negotiated between parties and can be tailored to meet a purchaser’s needs. OTC derivatives are not guaranteed by a clearing agency and may be subject to increased credit risk.
In an effort to mitigate credit risk associated with derivatives traded OTC, the Fund may enter into collateral agreements with certain counterparties whereby, subject to certain minimum exposure requirements, the Fund may require the counterparty to post collateral if the Fund has a net aggregate unrealized gain on all OTC derivative contracts with a particular counterparty. There is no guarantee that counterparty exposure is reduced by using collateral and these arrangements are dependent on Janus Capital’s ability to establish and maintain appropriate systems and trading.
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Futures Contracts. The Fund may enter into contracts for the purchase or sale for future delivery of equity securities, fixed-income securities, foreign currencies, commodities, and commodity-linked derivatives (to the extent permitted by the Fund and the Internal Revenue Code), or contracts based on interest rates and financial indices, including indices of U.S. Government securities, foreign government securities, commodities, and equity or fixed-income securities. A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indices as well as financial instruments and foreign currencies, including, but not limited to: the S&P 500®; the S&P Midcap 400®; the Nikkei 225; the Markit CDX credit index; the iTraxx credit index; U.S. Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; U.S. Treasury bills; 90-day commercial paper; bank certificates of deposit; the LIBOR interest rate; the Euro Bund; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; the Australian dollar; the Canadian dollar; the British pound; the Japanese yen; the Swiss franc; the Mexican peso; and certain multinational currencies, such as the euro. It is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future.
U.S. futures contracts are traded on exchanges which have been designated “contract markets” by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and must be executed through a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) or brokerage firm, which are members of a relevant contract market. Through their clearing corporations, the exchanges guarantee performance of the contracts as between the clearing members of the exchange.
Neither the CFTC, National Futures Association (“NFA”), SEC, nor any domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign exchange or boards of trade, including the execution, delivery, and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign exchange or board of trade or any applicable foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, the Fund’s investments in foreign futures transactions may not be provided the same protections in respect of transactions on U.S. exchanges. In particular, a Fund that trades foreign futures contracts may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (the “Commodity Exchange Act”), the CFTC’s regulations and the rules of the NFA and any domestic exchange, including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided by the NFA or any domestic futures exchange. Similarly, such Fund may not have the protection of the U.S. securities laws.
The buyer or seller of a futures contract is not required to deliver or pay for the underlying instrument unless the contract is held until the delivery date. However, both the buyer and seller are required to deposit “initial margin” for the benefit of the FCM when the contract is entered into. Initial margin deposits are equal to a percentage of the contract’s value, as set by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and currently are maintained in cash or certain other liquid assets held by the Fund. Initial margin payments are similar to good faith deposits or performance bonds. Unlike margin extended by a securities broker, initial margin payments do not constitute purchasing securities on margin for purposes of the Fund’s investment limitations. If the value of either party’s position declines, that party will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments for the benefit of the FCM to settle the change in value on a daily basis. The party that has a gain may be entitled to receive all or a portion of this amount. In the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM that holds margin on behalf of the Fund, that Fund may be entitled to return of margin owed to such Fund only in proportion to the amount received by the FCM’s other customers. Janus Capital or the sub-adviser will attempt to minimize the risk by careful monitoring of the creditworthiness of the FCMs with which the Fund does business.
The Fund has filed a notice of eligibility for exemption from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with Rule 4.5 of the Commodity Exchange Act and, therefore, the Fund is not subject to regulation as commodity pool operators under the Commodity Exchange Act. The Fund may enter into futures contracts and related options as permitted under Rule 4.5. Amendments to Rule 4.5 adopted in 2012, however, narrowed the exemption from the definition of commodity pool operator and effectively imposed additional restrictions on the Fund’s use of futures, options, and swaps. The Fund will become subject to increased CFTC regulation if the Fund invests more than a prescribed level of its assets in such instruments, or if the Fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to these instruments. If the Fund cannot meet the requirements of Rule 4.5, Janus Capital and the Fund would need to comply with certain disclosure, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements. Such additional requirements would potentially increase the Fund’s expenses, which could negatively impact the Fund’s returns. Janus Capital is registered as a commodity pool operator in connection with the operation of one or more other Janus mutual funds which do not qualify for the Rule 4.5 exemption.
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Although the Fund will segregate cash and liquid assets in an amount sufficient to cover its open futures obligations, the segregated assets would be available to that Fund immediately upon closing out the futures position; however, closing out open futures positions through customary settlement procedures could take several days. Because the Fund’s cash that may otherwise be invested would be held uninvested or invested in other liquid assets so long as the futures position remains open, such Fund’s return could be diminished due to the opportunity losses of foregoing other potential investments.
The Fund may enter into futures contracts to gain exposure to the stock market or other markets pending investment of cash balances or to meet liquidity needs. The Fund may also enter into futures contracts to protect itself from fluctuations in the value of individual securities, the securities markets generally, or interest rate fluctuations, without actually buying or selling the underlying debt or equity security. For example, if the Fund anticipates an increase in the price of stocks, and it intends to purchase stocks at a later time, that Fund could enter into a futures contract to purchase a stock index as a temporary substitute for stock purchases. If an increase in the market occurs that influences the stock index as anticipated, the value of the futures contracts will increase, thereby serving as a hedge against that Fund not participating in a market advance. This technique is sometimes known as an anticipatory hedge. The Fund may also use this technique with respect to an individual company’s stock. To the extent the Fund enters into futures contracts for this purpose, the segregated assets maintained to cover such Fund’s obligations with respect to the futures contracts will consist of liquid assets from its portfolio in an amount equal to the difference between the contract price and the aggregate value of the initial and variation margin payments made by that Fund with respect to the futures contracts. Conversely, if the Fund holds stocks and seeks to protect itself from a decrease in stock prices, the Fund might sell stock index futures contracts, thereby hoping to offset the potential decline in the value of its portfolio securities by a corresponding increase in the value of the futures contract position. Similarly, if the Fund holds an individual company’s stock and expects the price of that stock to decline, the Fund may sell a futures contract on that stock in hopes of offsetting the potential decline in the company’s stock price. The Fund could protect against a decline in stock prices by selling portfolio securities and investing in money market instruments, but the use of futures contracts enables it to maintain a defensive position without having to sell portfolio securities.
If the Fund owns interest rate sensitive securities and the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel expect interest rates to increase, that Fund may take a short position in interest rate futures contracts. Taking such a position would have much the same effect as that Fund selling such securities in its portfolio. If interest rates increase as anticipated, the value of the securities would decline, but the value of that Fund’s interest rate futures contract would increase, thereby keeping the NAV of that Fund from declining as much as it may have otherwise. If, on the other hand, the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel expect interest rates to decline, that Fund may take a long position in interest rate futures contracts in anticipation of later closing out the futures position and purchasing the securities. Although the Fund can accomplish similar results by buying securities with long maturities and selling securities with short maturities, given the greater liquidity of the futures market than the cash market, it may be possible to accomplish the same result more easily and more quickly by using futures contracts as an investment tool to reduce risk. If the portfolio managers’ and/or investment personnel’s view about the direction of interest rates is incorrect, that Fund may incur a loss as the result of investments in interest rate futures.
The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets, due to differences in the nature of those markets, are subject to distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial margin and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin requirements, investors may close out futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the normal price relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery of the instrument underlying a futures contract. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced and prices in the futures market distorted. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of the foregoing distortions, a correct forecast of general price trends by the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel still may not result in a successful use of futures.
Futures contracts entail risks. There is no guarantee that derivative investments will benefit the Fund. The Fund’s performance could be worse than if the Fund had not used such instruments. For example, if the Fund has hedged against the effects of a possible decrease in prices of securities held in its portfolio and prices increase instead, that Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of these securities because of offsetting losses in its
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futures positions. This risk may be magnified for single stock futures transactions, as the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel must predict the direction of the price of an individual stock, as opposed to securities prices generally. In addition, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements. Those sales may be, but will not necessarily be, at increased prices which reflect the rising market and may occur at a time when the sales are disadvantageous to the Fund.
The prices of futures contracts depend primarily on the value of their underlying instruments. Because there are a limited number of types of futures contracts, it is possible that the standardized futures contracts available to the Fund will not match exactly such Fund’s current or potential investments. The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts based on underlying instruments with different characteristics from the securities in which it typically invests – for example, by hedging investments in portfolio securities with a futures contract based on a broad index of securities – which involves a risk that the futures position will not correlate precisely with the performance of the Fund’s investments.
Futures prices can also diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments closely correlate with the Fund’s investments, such as with a single stock futures contract. Futures prices are affected by factors such as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instruments, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract. Those factors may affect securities prices differently from futures prices. Imperfect correlations between the Fund’s investments and its futures positions also may result from differing levels of demand in the futures markets and the securities markets, from structural differences in how futures and securities are traded, and from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits for futures contracts. The Fund may buy or sell futures contracts with a greater or lesser value than the securities it wishes to hedge or is considering purchasing in order to attempt to compensate for differences in historical volatility between the futures contract and the securities, although this may not be successful in all cases. If price changes in the Fund’s futures positions are poorly correlated with its other investments, its futures positions may fail to produce desired gains or result in losses that are not offset by the gains in that Fund’s other investments.
Because futures contracts are generally settled within a day from the date they are closed out, compared with a settlement period of three days for some types of securities, the futures markets can provide superior liquidity to the securities markets. Nevertheless, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures contract at any particular time. In addition, futures exchanges may establish daily price fluctuation limits for futures contracts and may halt trading if a contract’s price moves upward or downward more than the limit in a given day. On volatile trading days when the price fluctuation limit is reached, it may be impossible for the Fund to enter into new positions or close out existing positions. If the secondary market for a futures contract is not liquid because of price fluctuation limits or otherwise, the Fund may not be able to promptly liquidate unfavorable futures positions and potentially could be required to continue to hold a futures position until the delivery date, regardless of changes in its value. As a result, such Fund’s access to other assets held to cover its futures positions also could be impaired.
Options on Futures Contracts. The Fund may buy and write put and call options on futures contracts with respect to, but not limited to, interest rates, commodities, foreign currencies, and security or commodity indices. A purchased option on a future gives the Fund the right (but not the obligation) to buy or sell a futures contract at a specified price on or before a specified date. The purchase of a call option on a futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase of a call option on an individual security. As with other option transactions, securities will be segregated to cover applicable margin or segregation requirements on open futures contracts. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the price of the futures contract upon which it is based or the price of the underlying instrument, ownership of the option may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or the underlying instrument. As with the purchase of futures contracts, when the Fund is not fully invested, it may buy a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a market advance.
The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of a security, commodity, or foreign currency which is deliverable under, or of the index comprising, the futures contract. If the futures price at the expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in that Fund’s portfolio holdings. The writing of a put option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against increasing prices of a security, commodity, or foreign currency which is deliverable under, or of the index comprising, the futures contract. If the futures price at the expiration of the option is higher than the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of securities
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which that Fund is considering buying. If a call or put option the Fund has written is exercised, such Fund will incur a loss which will be reduced by the amount of the premium it received. Depending on the degree of correlation between the change in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of the futures positions, the Fund’s losses from existing options on futures may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of portfolio securities.
The purchase of a put option on a futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase of protective put options on portfolio securities. For example, the Fund may buy a put option on a futures contract to hedge its portfolio against the risk of falling prices or rising interest rates.
The amount of risk the Fund assumes when it buys an option on a futures contract is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In addition to the correlation risks discussed above, the purchase of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the options bought.
Forward Contracts. A forward contract is an agreement between two parties in which one party is obligated to deliver a stated amount of a stated asset at a specified time in the future and the other party is obligated to pay a specified amount for the asset at the time of delivery. The Fund may enter into forward contracts to purchase and sell government securities, equity or income securities, foreign currencies, or other financial instruments. Forward contracts generally are traded in an interbank market conducted directly between traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. Unlike futures contracts, which are standardized contracts, forward contracts can be specifically drawn to meet the needs of the parties that enter into them. The parties to a forward contract may agree to offset or terminate the contract before its maturity, or may hold the contract to maturity and complete the contemplated exchange.
The following discussion summarizes the Fund’s principal uses of forward foreign currency exchange contracts (“forward currency contracts”). The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts with stated contract values of up to the value of that Fund’s assets. A forward currency contract is an obligation to buy or sell an amount of a specified currency for an agreed price (which may be in U.S. dollars or a foreign currency). The Fund may invest in forward currency contracts for nonhedging purposes such as seeking to enhance return. The Fund will exchange foreign currencies for U.S. dollars and for other foreign currencies in the normal course of business and may buy and sell currencies through forward currency contracts in order to fix a price for securities it has agreed to buy or sell (“transaction hedge”). The Fund also may hedge some or all of its investments denominated in a foreign currency or exposed to foreign currency fluctuations against a decline in the value of that currency relative to the U.S. dollar by entering into forward currency contracts to sell an amount of that currency (or a proxy currency whose performance is expected to replicate or exceed the performance of that currency relative to the U.S. dollar) approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in or exposed to that currency (“position hedge”) or by participating in options or futures contracts with respect to the currency. The Fund also may enter into a forward currency contract with respect to a currency where the Fund is considering the purchase or sale of investments denominated in that currency but has not yet selected the specific investments (“anticipatory hedge”). In any of these circumstances the Fund may, alternatively, enter into a forward currency contract to purchase or sell one foreign currency for a second currency that is expected to perform more favorably relative to the U.S. dollar if the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel believe there is a reasonable degree of correlation between movements in the two currencies (“cross-hedge”). In addition, the Fund may cross-hedge its U.S. dollar exposure in order to achieve a representative weighted mix of the major currencies in its benchmark index and/or to cover an underweight country or region exposure in its portfolio.
These types of hedging minimize the effect of currency appreciation as well as depreciation, but do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying U.S. dollar equivalent value of the proceeds of or rates of return on the Fund’s foreign currency denominated portfolio securities. The matching of the increase in value of a forward contract and the decline in the U.S. dollar equivalent value of the foreign currency denominated asset that is the subject of the hedge generally will not be precise. Shifting the Fund’s currency exposure from one foreign currency to another removes that Fund’s opportunity to profit from increases in the value of the original currency and involves a risk of increased losses to such Fund if the portfolio managers’ and/or investment personnel’s projection of future exchange rates is inaccurate. Proxy hedges and cross-hedges may protect against losses resulting from a decline in the hedged currency, but will cause the Fund to assume the risk of fluctuations in the value of the currency it purchases which may result in losses if the currency used to hedge does not perform similarly to the currency in which hedged securities are denominated. Unforeseen changes in currency prices may result in poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not entered into such contracts.
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The Fund does not exchange collateral on their forward contracts with its counterparties; however, the Fund will segregate cash or high-grade securities with its custodian in an amount at all times equal to or greater than the Fund’s commitment with respect to these contracts. If the value of the securities used to cover a position or the value of segregated assets declines, the Fund will find alternative cover or segregate additional cash or other liquid assets on a daily basis so that the value of the covered and segregated assets will be equal to the amount of such Fund’s commitments with respect to such contracts. As an alternative to segregating assets, the Fund may buy call options permitting such Fund to buy the amount of foreign currency being hedged by a forward sale contract, or the Fund may buy put options permitting it to sell the amount of foreign currency subject to a forward buy contract.
While forward contracts are not currently regulated by the CFTC, the CFTC may in the future assert authority to regulate forward contracts. In such event, the Fund’s ability to utilize forward contracts may be restricted. In addition, the Fund may not always be able to enter into forward contracts at attractive prices and may be limited in its ability to use these contracts to hedge Fund assets.
Options on Foreign Currencies. The Fund may buy and write options on foreign currencies either on exchanges or in the OTC market in a manner similar to that in which futures or forward contracts on foreign currencies will be utilized. For example, a decline in the U.S. dollar value of a foreign currency in which portfolio securities are denominated will reduce the U.S. dollar value of such securities, even if their value in the foreign currency remains constant. In order to protect against such diminutions in the value of portfolio securities, the Fund may buy put options on the foreign currency. If the value of the currency declines, such Fund will have the right to sell such currency for a fixed amount in U.S. dollars, thereby offsetting, in whole or in part, the adverse effect on its portfolio.
Conversely, when a rise in the U.S. dollar value of a currency in which securities to be acquired are denominated is projected, thereby increasing the cost of such securities, the Fund may buy call options on the foreign currency. The purchase of such options could offset, at least partially, the effects of the adverse movements in exchange rates. As in the case of other types of options, however, the benefit to the Fund from purchases of foreign currency options will be reduced by the amount of the premium and related transaction costs. In addition, if currency exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent projected, the Fund could sustain losses on transactions in foreign currency options that would require such Fund to forego a portion or all of the benefits of advantageous changes in those rates.
The Fund may also write options on foreign currencies. For example, to hedge against a potential decline in the U.S. dollar value of foreign currency denominated securities due to adverse fluctuations in exchange rates, the Fund could, instead of purchasing a put option, write a call option on the relevant currency. If the expected decline occurs, the option will most likely not be exercised, and the decline in value of portfolio securities will be offset by the amount of the premium received.
Similarly, instead of purchasing a call option to hedge against a potential increase in the U.S. dollar cost of securities to be acquired, the Fund could write a put option on the relevant currency which, if rates move in the manner projected, should expire unexercised and allow that Fund to hedge the increased cost up to the amount of the premium. As in the case of other types of options, however, the writing of a foreign currency option will constitute only a partial hedge up to the amount of the premium. If exchange rates do not move in the expected direction, the option may be exercised, and the Fund would be required to buy or sell the underlying currency at a loss which may not be offset by the amount of the premium. Through the writing of options on foreign currencies, the Fund also may lose all or a portion of the benefits which might otherwise have been obtained from favorable movements in exchange rates.
The Fund may write covered call options on foreign currencies. A call option written on a foreign currency by the Fund is “covered” if that Fund owns the foreign currency underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that foreign currency without additional cash consideration (or for additional cash consideration held in a segregated account by its custodian) upon conversion or exchange of other foreign currencies held in its portfolio. A call option is also covered if the Fund has a call on the same foreign currency in the same principal amount as the call written if the exercise price of the call held: (i) is equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or (ii) is greater than the exercise price of the call written, if the difference is maintained by such Fund in cash or other liquid assets in a segregated account with the Fund’s custodian.
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The Fund also may write call options on foreign currencies for cross-hedging purposes. A call option on a foreign currency is for cross-hedging purposes if it is designed to provide a hedge against a decline due to an adverse change in the exchange rate in the U.S. dollar value of a security which the Fund owns or has the right to acquire and which is denominated in the currency underlying the option. Call options on foreign currencies which are entered into for cross-hedging purposes are not covered. However, in such circumstances, the Fund will collateralize the option by segregating cash or other liquid assets in an amount not less than the value of the underlying foreign currency in U.S. dollars marked-to-market daily.
Eurodollar Instruments. The Fund may make investments in Eurodollar instruments. Eurodollar instruments are U.S. dollar-denominated futures contracts or options thereon which are linked to the LIBOR, although foreign currency denominated instruments are available from time to time. Eurodollar futures contracts enable purchasers to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds and sellers to obtain a fixed rate for borrowings. The Fund might use Eurodollar futures contracts and options thereon to hedge against changes in LIBOR, to which many interest rate swaps and fixed-income instruments are linked.
Additional Risks of Options on Foreign Currencies, Forward Contracts, and Foreign Instruments. Unlike transactions entered into by the Fund in futures contracts, options on foreign currencies and forward contracts are not traded on contract markets regulated by the CFTC (with the exception of non-deliverable forwards) or (with the exception of certain foreign currency options) by the SEC. To the contrary, such instruments are traded through financial institutions acting as market-makers, although foreign currency options are also traded on certain Exchanges, such as the Philadelphia Stock Exchange and the Chicago Board Options Exchange, subject to SEC regulation.
Similarly, options on currencies may be traded over-the-counter. In an OTC trading environment, many of the protections afforded to Exchange participants will not be available. For example, there are no daily price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited extent over a period of time. Although the buyer of an option cannot lose more than the amount of the premium plus related transaction costs, this entire amount could be lost. Moreover, an option writer and a buyer or seller of futures or forward contracts could lose amounts substantially in excess of any premium received or initial margin or collateral posted due to the potential additional margin and collateral requirements associated with such positions.
Options on foreign currencies traded on Exchanges are within the jurisdiction of the SEC, as are other securities traded on Exchanges. As a result, many of the protections provided to traders on organized Exchanges will be available with respect to such transactions. In particular, all foreign currency option positions entered into on an Exchange are cleared and guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”), thereby reducing the risk of credit default. Further, a liquid secondary market in options traded on an Exchange may be more readily available than in the OTC market, potentially permitting the Fund to liquidate open positions at a profit prior to exercise or expiration or to limit losses in the event of adverse market movements.
The purchase and sale of exchange-traded foreign currency options, however, is subject to the risks of the availability of a liquid secondary market described above, as well as the risks regarding adverse market movements, margining of options written, the nature of the foreign currency market, possible intervention by governmental authorities, and the effects of other political and economic events. In addition, exchange-traded options on foreign currencies involve certain risks not presented by the OTC market. For example, exercise and settlement of such options must be made exclusively through the OCC, which has established banking relationships in applicable foreign countries for this purpose. As a result, the OCC may, if it determines that foreign governmental restrictions or taxes would prevent the orderly settlement of foreign currency option exercises, or would result in undue burdens on the OCC or its clearing member, impose special procedures on exercise and settlement, such as technical changes in the mechanics of delivery of currency, the fixing of dollar settlement prices, or prohibitions on exercise.
In addition, options on U.S. Government securities, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, and options on foreign currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges and OTC in foreign countries. Such transactions are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in or the prices of foreign currencies or securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by: (i) other complex foreign political and economic factors; (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions; (iii) delays in the Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during nonbusiness hours in the United States; (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States; and (v) low trading volume.
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Options on Securities. In an effort to increase current income and to reduce fluctuations in NAV, the Fund may write covered and uncovered put and call options and buy put and call options on securities that are traded on U.S. and foreign securities exchanges and OTC. Examples of covering transactions include: (i) for a written put, selling short the underlying instrument at the same or higher price than the put’s exercise price; and (ii) for a written call, owning the underlying instrument. The Fund may write and buy options on the same types of securities that the Fund may purchase directly. The Fund may utilize American-style and European-style options. An American-style option is an option contract that can be exercised at any time between the time of purchase and the option’s expiration date. A European-style option is an option contract that can only be exercised on the option’s expiration date.
The Fund may cover its obligations on a put option by segregating cash or other liquid assets with the Fund’s custodian for a value equal to: (i) the full notional value of the put for physically settled options; or (ii) the in-the-money value of the put for cash settled options. The Fund may also cover its obligations on a put option by holding a put on the same security and in the same principal amount as the put written where the exercise price of the put held: (i) is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written; or (ii) is less than the exercise price of the put written if the difference is maintained by that Fund in cash or other liquid assets in a segregated account with its custodian. The premium paid by the buyer of an option will normally reflect, among other things, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price and the volatility of the underlying security, the remaining term of the option, supply and demand, and interest rates.
The Fund may cover its obligations on a call option by segregating cash or other liquid assets with the Fund’s custodian for a value equal to: (i) the current market value, marked-to-market daily, of the underlying security (but not less than the full notional value of the call) for physically settled options; or (ii) the in-the-money value of the call for cash settled options. The Fund may also cover its obligations on a written call option by (i) owning the underlying security covered by the call or having an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or for additional cash consideration held in a segregated account by the Fund’s custodian) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its portfolio; or (ii) holding a call on the same security and in the same principal amount as the call written where the exercise price of the call held: (a) is equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written; or (b) is greater than the exercise price of the call written if the difference is maintained by that Fund in cash or other liquid assets in a segregated account with its custodian.
The Fund would write a call option for hedging purposes, instead of writing a covered call option, when the premium to be received from the cross-hedge transaction would exceed that which would be received from writing a covered call option and the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel believe that writing the option would achieve the desired hedge.
The premium paid by the buyer of an option will normally reflect, among other things, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price and the volatility of the underlying security, the remaining term of the option, supply and demand, and interest rates.
The writer of an option may have no control over when the underlying securities must be sold, in the case of a call option, or bought, in the case of a put option, since with regard to certain options, the writer may be assigned an exercise notice at any time prior to the termination of the obligation. Whether or not an option expires unexercised, the writer retains the amount of the premium. This amount, of course, may, in the case of a covered call option, be offset by a decline in the market value of the underlying security during the option period. If a call option is exercised, the writer experiences a profit or loss from the sale of the underlying security. If a put option is exercised, the writer must fulfill the obligation to buy the underlying security at the exercise price, which will usually exceed the then market value of the underlying security.
The writer of an option that wishes to terminate its obligation may effect a “closing purchase transaction.” This is accomplished by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. The effect of the purchase is that the writer’s position will be canceled by the clearing corporation. However, a writer may not effect a closing purchase transaction after being notified of the exercise of an option. Likewise, an investor who is the holder of an option may liquidate its position by effecting a “closing sale transaction.” This is accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously bought. There is no guarantee that either a closing purchase or a closing sale transaction can be effected.
In the case of a written call option, effecting a closing transaction will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security with either a different exercise price or expiration date or both. In the case of a written put
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option, such transaction will permit the Fund to write another put option to the extent that the exercise price is secured by deposited liquid assets. Effecting a closing transaction also will permit the Fund to use the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale of any securities subject to the option for other investments. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on which it has written a call option, such Fund will effect a closing transaction prior to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
The Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the purchase transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or the price received from a sale transaction is more than the premium paid to buy the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing transaction if the price of the purchase transaction is more than the premium received from writing the option or the price received from a sale transaction is less than the premium paid to buy the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option generally will reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
An option position may be closed out only where a secondary market for an option of the same series exists. If a secondary market does not exist, the Fund may not be able to effect closing transactions in particular options and that Fund would have to exercise the options in order to realize any profit. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying security until the option expires or it delivers the underlying security upon exercise. The absence of a liquid secondary market may be due to the following: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions imposed by a national securities exchange (“Exchange”) on which the option is traded on opening or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions, or other restrictions imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances that interrupt normal operations on an Exchange; (v) the facilities of an Exchange or of the OCC may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more Exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that Exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that Exchange that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that Exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
The Fund may write options in connection with buy-and-write transactions. In other words, the Fund may buy a security and then write a call option against that security. The exercise price of such call will depend upon the expected price movement of the underlying security. The exercise price of a call option may be below (“in-the-money”), equal to (“at-the-money”), or above (“out-of-the-money”) the current value of the underlying security at the time the option is written. Buy-and-write transactions using in-the-money call options may be used when it is expected that the price of the underlying security will remain flat or decline moderately during the option period. Buy-and-write transactions using at-the-money call options may be used when it is expected that the price of the underlying security will remain fixed or advance moderately during the option period. Buy-and-write transactions using out-of-the-money call options may be used when it is expected that the premiums received from writing the call option plus the appreciation in the market price of the underlying security up to the exercise price will be greater than the appreciation in the price of the underlying security alone. If the call options are exercised in such transactions, the Fund’s maximum gain will be the premium received by it for writing the option, adjusted upwards or downwards by the difference between that Fund’s purchase price of the security and the exercise price. If the options are not exercised and the price of the underlying security declines, the amount of such decline will be offset by the amount of premium received.
The writing of covered put options is similar in terms of risk and return characteristics to buy-and-write transactions. If the market price of the underlying security rises or otherwise is above the exercise price, the put option will expire worthless and the Fund’s gain will be limited to the premium received. If the market price of the underlying security declines or otherwise is below the exercise price, the Fund may elect to close the position or take delivery of the security at the exercise price and that Fund’s return will be the premium received from the put options minus the amount by which the market price of the security is below the exercise price.
The Fund may buy put options to hedge against a decline in the value of its portfolio. By using put options in this way, the Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized in the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs.
The Fund may buy call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that it may buy in the future. The premium paid for the call option plus any transaction costs will reduce the benefit, if any, realized by such Fund upon exercise of the option, and, unless the price of the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to that Fund.
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The Fund may write straddles (combinations of put and call options on the same underlying security), which are generally a nonhedging technique used for purposes such as seeking to enhance return. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out than individual options contracts. The straddle rules of the Internal Revenue Code require deferral of certain losses realized on positions of a straddle to the extent that the Fund has unrealized gains in offsetting positions at year end. The holding period of the securities comprising the straddle will be suspended until the straddle is terminated. When the Fund writes a straddle, sufficient assets will be segregated to meet the Fund’s immediate obligations. The Fund may segregate the same liquid assets for both the call and put options in a straddle where the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Fund expects to segregate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is “in the money.”
Options on Securities Indices. The Fund may also purchase and write exchange-listed and OTC put and call options on securities indices. A securities index measures the movement of a certain group of securities by assigning relative values to the securities. The index may fluctuate as a result of changes in the market values of the securities included in the index. Some securities index options are based on a broad market index, such as the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index, or a narrower market index such as the Standard & Poor’s 100. Indices may also be based on a particular industry, market segment, or certain currencies such as the U.S. Dollar Index or DXY Index.
Options on securities indices are similar to options on securities except that (1) the expiration cycles of securities index options are monthly, while those of securities options are currently quarterly, and (2) the delivery requirements are different. Instead of giving the right to take or make delivery of securities at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive a cash “exercise settlement amount” equal to (a) the amount, if any, by which the fixed exercise price of the option exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in the case of a call) the closing value of the underlying index on the date of exercise, multiplied by (b) a fixed “index multiplier.” Receipt of this cash amount will depend upon the closing level of the securities index upon which the option is based being greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the index and the exercise price of the option times a specified multiple. The writer of the option is obligated, in return for the premium received, to make delivery of this amount. Securities index options may be offset by entering into closing transactions as described above for securities options.
Options on Non-U.S. Securities Indices. The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on foreign securities indices listed on domestic and foreign securities exchanges. The Fund may also purchase and write OTC options on foreign securities indices.
The Fund may, to the extent allowed by federal and state securities laws, invest in options on non-U.S. securities indices instead of investing directly in individual non-U.S. securities. The Fund may also use foreign securities index options for bona fide hedging and non-hedging purposes.
Options on securities indices entail risks in addition to the risks of options on securities. The absence of a liquid secondary market to close out options positions on securities indices may be more likely to occur, although the Fund generally will only purchase or write such an option if Janus Capital or the sub-adviser, as applicable, believes the option can be closed out. Use of options on securities indices also entails the risk that trading in such options may be interrupted if trading in certain securities included in the index is interrupted. The Fund will not purchase such options unless Janus Capital or the sub-adviser, as applicable, believes the market is sufficiently developed such that the risk of trading in such options is no greater than the risk of trading in options on securities.
Price movements in the Fund’s portfolio may not correlate precisely with movements in the level of an index and, therefore, the use of options on indices cannot serve as a complete hedge. Because options on securities indices require settlement in cash, the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel may be forced to liquidate portfolio securities to meet settlement obligations. The Fund’s activities in index options may also be restricted by the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code for qualification as a regulated investment company.
In addition, the hours of trading for options on the securities indices may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying securities markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets. It is impossible to predict the volume of trading that may exist in such options, and there can be no assurance that viable exchange markets will develop or exist.
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Other Options. In addition to the option strategies described above and in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, the Fund may purchase and sell a variety of options with non-standard payout structures or other features (“exotic options”). Exotic options are traded OTC and typically have price movements that can vary markedly from simple put or call options. The risks associated with exotic options are that they cannot be as easily priced and may be subject to liquidity risk. While some exotic options have fairly active markets others are mostly thinly traded instruments. Some options are pure two-party transactions and may have no liquidity. The Fund may treat such instruments as illiquid and will limit its investments in such instruments to no more than 15% of its net assets, when combined with all other illiquid investments of the Fund. The Fund may use exotic options to the extent that they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and investment policies, and applicable regulations.
The Fund may purchase and sell exotic options that have values which are determined by the correlation of two or more underlying assets. These types of options include, but are not limited to, outperformance options, yield curve options, or other spread options.
Outperformance Option – An option that pays the holder the difference in the performance of two assets. The value of an outperformance option is based on the relative difference, i.e. the percentage outperformance of one underlying security or index compared to another. Outperformance options allow the Fund to gain leveraged exposure to the percentage price performance of one security or index over another. The holder of an outperformance option will only receive payment under the option contract if a designated underlying asset outperforms the other underlying asset. If outperformance does not occur, the holder will not receive payment. The option may expire worthless despite positive performance by the designated underlying asset. Outperformance options are typically cash settled and have European-style exercise provisions.
Yield Curve Options – An option whose value is based on the yield spread or yield differential between two securities. In contrast to other types of options, a yield curve option is based on the difference between the yields of designated securities, rather than the prices of the individual securities, and is settled through cash payments. Accordingly, a yield curve option is profitable to the holder if this differential widens (in the case of a call) or narrows (in the case of a put), regardless of whether the yields of the underlying securities increase or decrease.
Spread Option – A type of option that derives its value from the price differential between two or more assets, or the same asset at different times or places. Spread options can be written on all types of financial products including equities, bonds, and currencies.
Swaps and Swap-Related Products. The Fund may enter into swap agreements or utilize swap-related products, including, but not limited to, total return swaps; equity swaps; interest rate swaps; commodity swaps; credit default swaps, including index credit default swaps (“CDXs”) and other event-linked swaps; swap agreements on security or commodity indices; swaps on ETFs; and currency swaps, caps, and floors (either on an asset-based or liability-based basis, depending upon whether it is hedging its assets or its liabilities). To the extent the Fund may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities, it also may invest in currency exchange rate swap agreements. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a day to more than one year. The Fund may enter into swap agreements in an attempt to gain exposure to the stocks making up an index of securities in a market without actually purchasing those stocks, or to hedge a position. The most significant factor in the performance of swap agreements is the change in value of the specific index, security, or currency, or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. The Fund will usually enter into total return swaps and interest rate swaps on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlement with respect to each swap will be calculated on a daily basis, and an amount of cash or other liquid assets having an aggregate NAV at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained in a segregated account by the Fund’s custodian. If the Fund enters into a swap on other than a net basis, it would maintain segregated assets in the full amount accrued on a daily basis of its obligations with respect to the swap.
Swap agreements entail the risk that a party will default on its payment obligations to the Fund. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Fund normally will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. Swap agreements also bear the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty. Swap agreements are typically privately negotiated and entered into in the
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over-the-counter market. However, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) of 2010 now requires certain swap agreements to be centrally cleared. Swaps that are required to be cleared are required to post initial and variation margins in accordance with the exchange requirements. New regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act could, among other things, increase the cost of such transactions.
Some types of swaps are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. While this execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap execution facilities typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, the Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Fund’s behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Fund’s transactions on the swap execution facility. If the Fund wishes to execute a package of transactions that includes a swap that is required to be executed on a swap execution facility as well as other transactions (for example, a transaction that includes both a security and an interest rate swap that hedges interest rate exposure with respect to such security), it is possible the Fund could not execute all components of the package on the swap execution facility. In that case, the Fund would need to trade certain components of the package on the swap execution facility and other components of the package in another manner, which could subject the Fund to the risk that certain of the components of the package would be executed successfully and others would not, or that the components would be executed at different times, leaving the Fund with an unhedged position for a period of time.
The Fund normally will not enter into any total return, equity, or interest rate swap, cap, or floor transaction unless the claims-paying ability of the other party thereto meets guidelines established by Janus Capital. Janus Capital’s guidelines may be adjusted in accordance with market conditions. Janus Capital or the sub-adviser, as applicable, will monitor the creditworthiness of all counterparties on an ongoing basis. Generally, parties that are rated in the highest short-term rating category by an NRSRO will meet Janus Capital’s guidelines. The ratings of NRSROs represent their opinions of the claims-paying ability of entities rated by them. NRSRO ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality.
The swap market has grown substantially in recent years, with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Caps and floors are more recent innovations for which standardized documentation has not yet been developed and, accordingly, they are less liquid than other types of swaps. To the extent the Fund sells (i.e., writes) caps and floors, it will segregate cash or other liquid assets having an aggregate NAV at least equal to the full amount, accrued on a daily basis, of its obligations with respect to any caps or floors.
There is no limit on the number of total return, equity, or interest rate swap transactions that may be entered into by the Fund. The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Swap transactions may in some instances involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets by the Fund or its counterparty to collateralize obligations under the swap. Under the documentation currently used in those markets, the risk of loss with respect to swaps is limited to the net amount of the payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to a swap that is not collateralized defaults, the Fund would risk the loss of the net amount of the payments that it contractually is entitled to receive. The Fund may buy and sell (i.e., write) caps and floors, without limitation, subject to the segregation requirement described above. Certain swaps, such as total return swaps, may add leverage to the Fund because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund may be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Another form of a swap agreement is the credit default swap. The Fund may enter into various types of credit default swap agreements (with notional values not to exceed 10% of the net assets of the Fund), including OTC credit default swap agreements, for investment purposes and to add leverage to its portfolio. As the seller in a credit default swap contract, the Fund would be required to pay the par value (the “notional value”) (or other agreed-upon value) of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the Fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, that Fund would be subject to
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investment exposure on the notional value of the swap. The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted) that the Fund as a seller could be required to make in a credit default transaction would be the notional amount of the agreement. The Fund may also purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities held in its portfolio, in which case the Fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. Credit default swaps could result in losses if the Fund does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the company or companies on which the credit default swap is based.
Credit default swap agreements may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to risks relating to the reference obligation, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk, and credit risk. The Fund will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it sells a credit default swap than when it purchases a credit default swap. As a buyer of a credit default swap, the Fund may lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. As seller of a credit default swap, if a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the Fund, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than what it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.
The Fund may invest in funded (notional value of contract paid up front) or unfunded (notional value only paid in case of default) CDXs or other similarly structured products. CDXs are designed to track segments of the credit default swap market and provide investors with exposure to specific reference baskets of issuers of bonds or loans. These instruments have the potential to allow an investor to obtain the same investment exposure as an investor who invests in an individual credit default swap, but with the potential added benefit of diversification. The CDX reference baskets are normally priced daily and rebalanced every six months in conjunction with leading market makers in the credit industry. The liquidity of the market for CDXs is normally subject to liquidity in the secured loan and credit derivatives markets.
A fund investing in CDXs is normally only permitted to take long positions in these instruments. A fund holding a long position in CDXs typically receives income from principal or interest paid on the underlying securities. A fund also normally indirectly bears its proportionate share of any expenses paid by a CDX in addition to the expenses of the fund. By investing in CDXs, a fund could be exposed to risks relating to, among other things, the reference obligation, illiquidity risk, counterparty risk, and credit risk.
Regulations enacted by the CFTC under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain interest rate and credit default index swaps through a clearinghouse or central counterparty (“CCP”). To clear a swap with a CCP, the Fund will submit the swap to, and post collateral with, an FCM that is a clearinghouse member. Alternatively, the Fund may enter into a swap with a financial institution other than the FCM (the “Executing Dealer”) and arrange for the swap to be transferred to the FCM for clearing. The Fund may also enter into a swap with the FCM itself. The CCP, the FCM, and the Executing Dealer are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. A default or failure by a CCP or an FCM, or the failure of a swap to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase their costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting swap positions, accessing collateral, or fully implementing their investment strategies. The regulatory requirement to clear certain swaps could, either temporarily or permanently, reduce the liquidity of cleared swaps or increase the costs of entering into those swaps.
Options on Swap Contracts. The Fund may purchase or write covered and uncovered put and call options on swap contracts (“swaptions”). Swaption contracts grant the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap transaction at preset terms detailed in the underlying agreement within a specified period of time. Entering into a swaption contract involves, to varying degrees, the elements of credit, market, and interest rate risk, associated with both option contracts and swap contracts.
Synthetic Equity Swaps. The Fund may enter into synthetic equity swaps, in which one party to the contract agrees to pay the other party the total return earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” of value of an underlying equity security including any dividends distributed by the underlying security. The other party to the contract makes regular payments, typically at a fixed rate or at a floating rate based on LIBOR or other variable interest rate based on the notional amount. Similar to currency swaps, synthetic equity swaps are generally entered into on a net basis, which means the two payment streams are netted out and the Fund will either pay or receive the net amount. The Fund will enter into a synthetic equity swap instead of purchasing the reference security when the synthetic equity swap provides a more efficient or less expensive way of gaining exposure to a security compared with a direct investment in the security.
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Structured Investments. A structured investment is a security having a return tied to an underlying index or other security or asset class. Structured investments generally are individually negotiated agreements and may be traded over-the-counter. Structured investments are organized and operated to restructure the investment characteristics of the underlying security. This restructuring involves the deposit with or purchase by an entity, such as a corporation or trust, or specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans) and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (“structured securities”) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities, and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments. Because structured securities typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. Investments in structured securities are generally of a class of structured securities that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured securities typically have higher yields and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured securities. Structured securities are typically sold in private placement transactions, and there currently is no active trading market for structured securities.
Investments in government and government-related restructured debt instruments are subject to special risks, including the inability or unwillingness to repay principal and interest, requests to reschedule or restructure outstanding debt, and requests to extend additional loan amounts. Structured investments include a wide variety of instruments which are also subject to special risk such as inverse floaters and collateralized debt obligations. Inverse floaters involve leverage which may magnify the Fund’s gains or losses. The risk of collateral debt obligations depends largely on the type of collateral securing the obligations. There is a risk that the collateral will not be adequate to make interest or other payments related to the debt obligation the collateral supports.
Structured instruments that are registered under the federal securities laws may be treated as liquid. In addition, many structured instruments may not be registered under the federal securities laws. In that event, the Fund’s ability to resell such a structured instrument may be more limited than its ability to resell other Fund securities. The Fund may treat such instruments as illiquid and will limit their investments in such instruments to no more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets, when combined with all other illiquid investments of the Fund.
Market Events
The financial crisis in both the U.S. and global economies over the past several years has resulted, and may continue to result, in a significant decline in the value and liquidity of many securities of issuers worldwide in the equity and fixed-income/credit markets. In response to the crisis, the United States and certain foreign governments, along with the U.S. Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks, took steps to support the financial markets. The withdrawal of this support, a failure of measures put in place to respond to the crisis, or investor perception that such efforts were not sufficient could each negatively affect financial markets generally, and the value and liquidity of specific securities. In addition, policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries continue to impact many aspects of financial regulation. The effect of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, including the Fund, may not be fully known for some time. As a result, it may also be unusually difficult to identify both investment risks and opportunities, which could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Therefore, it is important to understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, and you could lose money.
The enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act provided for widespread regulation of financial institutions, consumer financial products and services, broker-dealers, over-the-counter derivatives, investment advisers, credit rating agencies, and mortgage lending, which expanded federal oversight in the financial sector, including the investment management industry. Many provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act remain pending and will be implemented through future rulemaking. Therefore, the ultimate impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and the regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act on the Fund and the investment management industry as a whole is not yet certain.
Concentration Risk
To the extent the Fund focuses its investments in any single type of investment, including in a given industry, sector, country, region, or types of security, companies in its portfolio may share common characteristics and react similarly to market developments. For example, changes in government funding or subsidies, new or anticipated legislative changes, or technological advances could affect the value of such companies and, therefore, the Fund’s net asset value. As a result, the Fund may be subject to greater risks and its net asset value may fluctuate more than a fund that does not concentrate its investments.
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PORTFOLIO TURNOVER |
The portfolio turnover rate of the Fund is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities (exclusive of purchases or sales of U.S. Government securities and all other securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less) by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the year. Proceeds from short sales and assets used to cover short positions undertaken are included in the amounts of securities sold and purchased, respectively, during the fiscal year. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities held by a Fund were replaced once during the fiscal year. A Fund cannot accurately predict its turnover rate. Variations in portfolio turnover rates shown may be due to market conditions, changes in the size of a Fund, fluctuating volume of shareholder purchase and redemption orders, the nature of a Fund’s investments, and the investment style and/or outlook of the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel. A Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may be higher when a Fund finds it necessary to significantly change its portfolio to adopt a temporary defensive position or respond to economic or market events. Higher levels of portfolio turnover may result in higher costs for brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups, and other transaction costs, and may also result in taxable capital gains. Higher costs associated with increased portfolio turnover may offset gains in Fund performance. During the current fiscal period, it is anticipated that the Fund’s portfolio turnover will be higher due to repositioning of the combined portfolio following the completion of the Mergers.
The Fund was formed for the purposes of acquiring all of the assets and liabilities of the Target Funds. As discussed in detail in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, following the Mergers it is expected that the Fund will have the same portfolio management team as the Henderson Target and will follow the same investment objective and substantially similar principal investment strategies of the Henderson Target following the Merger. The following table summarizes the portfolio turnover rates for the Target Funds for the last two fiscal years, and is based on information contained in each Target Fund’s public filings.
Target Fund Name | Portfolio Turnover Rate for the fiscal year ended 2016 | Portfolio Turnover Rate for the fiscal year ended 2015 | ||||||
Global & International | ||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund(1)(2) | [ ] | 131 | % | |||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund(1)(3) | 86 | % | 148 | % |
(1) | Due to the nature of the securities in which it invests and/or its investment strategies, the Fund may have relatively high portfolio turnover compared to other funds. |
(2) | The fiscal year end of the Janus Target is September 30. |
(3) | The fiscal year end of the Henderson Target is July 31. |
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES |
The Mutual Fund Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures adopted by Janus Capital and all mutual funds managed within the Janus fund complex are designed to be in the best interests of the funds and to protect the confidentiality of the funds’ portfolio holdings. The following describes policies and procedures with respect to disclosure of portfolio holdings.
• | Full Holdings. The Fund is required to disclose its complete holdings in the quarterly holdings report on Form N-Q within 60 days of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters, and in the annual report and semiannual report to Fund shareholders. These reports (i) are available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov; (ii) may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. (information on the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling 1-800-SEC-0330); and (iii) are available without charge, upon request, by calling a Janus representative at 1-800-525-0020 (toll free). Portfolio holdings consisting of at least the names of the holdings are generally available on a calendar quarter-end basis with a 30-day lag. Holdings are generally posted approximately two business days thereafter under Full Holdings for the Fund at janus.com/info (or under the Fund’s Holdings & Details tab at janus.com/allfunds if you hold Class D Shares). |
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The Fund may provide, upon request, historical full holdings on a monthly basis for periods prior to the previous quarter-end subject to a written confidentiality agreement.
• | Top Holdings. The Fund’s top portfolio holdings, in order of position size and as a percentage of the Fund’s total portfolio, are available monthly with a 15-day lag and on a calendar quarter-end basis with a 15-day lag. |
• | Other Information. The Fund may occasionally provide security breakdowns (e.g., industry, sector, regional, market capitalization, and asset allocation), top performance contributors/detractors, and specific portfolio level performance attribution information and statistics monthly with a 15-day lag and on a calendar quarter-end basis with a 15-day lag. Top performance contributors/detractors may include the percentage of contribution/detraction to Fund performance. |
Full portfolio holdings will remain available on the Janus websites at least until a Form N-CSR or Form N-Q is filed with the SEC for the period that includes the date as of which the website information is current. Janus Capital may exclude from publication on its websites all or any portion of portfolio holdings or change the time periods of disclosure as deemed necessary to protect the interests of the Janus funds.
The Janus funds’ Trustees, officers, and primary service providers, including investment advisers identified in this SAI, distributors, administrators, transfer agents, custodians, securities lending agents, and their respective personnel, may receive or have access to nonpublic portfolio holdings information. In addition, third parties, including but not limited to those that provide services to the Janus funds, Janus Capital, and its affiliates, such as trade execution measurement systems providers, independent pricing services, proxy voting service providers, the funds’ insurers, computer systems service providers, lenders, counsel, accountants/auditors, and rating and ranking organizations may also receive or have access to nonpublic portfolio holdings information. Other recipients of nonpublic portfolio holdings information may include, but may not be limited to, third parties such as consultants, data aggregators, and asset allocation services which calculate information derived from holdings for use by Janus Capital, and which supply their analyses (but not the holdings themselves) to their clients. Such parties, either by agreement or by virtue of their duties, are required to maintain confidentiality with respect to such nonpublic portfolio holdings. Any confidentiality agreement entered into regarding disclosure of a Janus fund’s portfolio holdings includes a provision that portfolio holdings are the confidential property of that Janus fund and may not be shared or used directly or indirectly for any purpose (except as specifically provided in the confidentiality agreement), including trading in fund shares.
Nonpublic portfolio holdings information may be disclosed to certain third parties upon a good faith determination made by Janus Capital’s Chief Compliance Officer or Ethics Committee that a Janus fund has a legitimate business purpose for such disclosure and the recipient agrees to maintain confidentiality. Preapproval by the Chief Compliance Officer or Ethics Committee is not required for certain routine service providers and in response to regulatory, administrative, and judicial requirements. The Chief Compliance Officer reports to the Janus funds’ Trustees regarding material compliance matters with respect to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
Under extraordinary circumstances, Janus Capital’s Chief Investment Officer(s) or their delegates have the authority to waive one or more provisions of, or make exceptions to, the Mutual Fund Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures when in the best interest of the Janus funds and when such waiver or exception is consistent with federal securities laws and applicable fiduciary duties. The frequency with which portfolio holdings are disclosed, as well as the lag time associated with such disclosure, may vary as deemed appropriate under the circumstances. All waivers and exceptions involving any of the Janus funds shall be pre-approved by the Chief Compliance Officer or a designee.
To the best knowledge of the Janus funds, as of the date of this SAI, the following non-affiliated third parties, which consist of service providers and consultants as described above under ongoing arrangements with the funds and/or Janus Capital, receive or may have access to nonpublic portfolio holdings information, which may include the full holdings of a fund. Certain of the arrangements below may reflect relationships of Janus Capital and one or more sub-advisers and their products.
Name | Frequency | Lag Time | ||||||
Adviser Compliance Associates, LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Alan Biller and Associates | Quarterly | Current | ||||||
Allianz Investment Management LLC | As needed | Current |
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Name | Frequency | Lag Time | ||||||
ALPS Distributors, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
AnchorPath Financial, LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Aon Hewitt | As needed | Current | ||||||
Athena Investment Services | As needed | Current | ||||||
Barclays Risk Analytics and Index Solutions Limited | Daily | Current | ||||||
Barra, Inc. | Daily | Current | ||||||
Bloomberg Finance L.P. | Daily | Current | ||||||
BNP Paribas | Daily | Current | ||||||
BNP Paribas Prime Brokerage, Inc. | Daily | Current | ||||||
BNP Securities Corp. | Daily | Current | ||||||
BNY Mellon Performance and Risk Analytics, LLC | Monthly | Current | ||||||
Brockhouse & Cooper Inc. | Quarterly | Current | ||||||
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. | Daily | Current | ||||||
Callan Associates Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Cambridge Associates LLC | Quarterly | Current | ||||||
Canterbury Consulting Inc. | Monthly | Current | ||||||
Carr Communications NYC, LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Charles River Brokerage, LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Charles River Systems, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Command Financial Press Corporation | As needed | 2 days | ||||||
Consulting Services Group, LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Deloitte & Touche LLP | As needed | Current | ||||||
Deloitte Tax LLP | As needed | Current | ||||||
DeMarche Associates | As needed | Current | ||||||
Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch | As needed | Current | ||||||
DTCC Loan/SERV LLC | Daily | Current | ||||||
Eagle Investment Systems LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Envestnet Asset Management Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Ernst & Young LLP | As needed | Current | ||||||
FactSet Research Systems, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Financial Models Company, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
FlexTrade LLC | Daily | Current | ||||||
Frank Russell Company | As needed | Current | ||||||
FrontSide Analytics, LLC | Daily | Current | ||||||
HedgeFacts | Weekly | 7 days | ||||||
HeterMedia Services Limited | Monthly | Current | ||||||
Horizon Investments, LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Infotech Consulting Inc. | Daily | Current | ||||||
Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. | Daily | Current | ||||||
Interactive Data (Europe) Limited | Quarterly | 10 days | ||||||
Interactive Data Pricing and Reference Data LLC | Daily | Current | ||||||
International Data Corporation | Daily | Current | ||||||
Investment Technology Group, Inc. | Daily | Current | ||||||
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Jeffrey Slocum & Associates, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
KPMG LLP | As needed | Current | ||||||
LendAmend LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Lipper Inc. | Quarterly | Current | ||||||
Marco Consulting Group, Inc. | Monthly | Current | ||||||
Marquette Associates | As needed | Current | ||||||
Markit EDM Limited | Daily | Current | ||||||
Markit Loans, Inc. | Daily | Current | ||||||
Mercer Investment Consulting, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Merrill Communications LLC | Quarterly | Current |
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Name | Frequency | Lag Time | ||||||
MIO Partners, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Momentum Global Investment Management | As needed | Current | ||||||
Moody’s Investors Service Inc. | Weekly | 7 days or more | ||||||
Morningstar, Inc. | As needed | 30 days | ||||||
New England Pension Consultants | Monthly | Current | ||||||
Nomura Funds Research & Technologies America Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Omgeo LLC | Daily | Current | ||||||
Pacific Life | As needed | Current | ||||||
Perficient, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP | As needed | Current | ||||||
Prima Capital Holding, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Prima Capital Management, Inc. | Quarterly | 15 days | ||||||
Protiviti, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
RR Donnelley and Sons Company | Daily | Current | ||||||
R.V. Kuhns & Associates | As needed | Current | ||||||
Rocaton Investment Advisors, LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Rogerscasey, Inc. | Quarterly | Current | ||||||
Russell/Mellon Analytical Services, LLC | Monthly | Current | ||||||
SEI Investments | As needed | Current | ||||||
Serena Software, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
SimCorp USA, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
SS&C Technologies, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Standard & Poor’s | Daily | Current | ||||||
Standard & Poor’s Financial Services | Weekly | 2 days or more | ||||||
Standard & Poor’s Securities Evaluation | Daily | Current | ||||||
State Street Bank and Trust Company | Daily | Current | ||||||
State Street Global Advisors | Monthly | Current | ||||||
Stratford Advisory Group, Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
Summit Strategies Group | Monthly; Quarterly | Current | ||||||
The Ohio National Life Insurance Company | As needed | Current | ||||||
Thomson Reuters (Markets) LLC | Daily | Current | ||||||
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans | As needed | Current | ||||||
Top Five Solutions LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Tower Investment | As needed | 30 days | ||||||
Towers Watson | As needed | Current | ||||||
TradingScreen Inc. | As needed | Current | ||||||
TriOptima AB | Daily | Current | ||||||
UBS Global Asset Management | As needed | Current | ||||||
Wachovia Securities LLC | As needed | Current | ||||||
Wall Street On Demand, Inc. | Monthly; Quarterly | 30 days; 15 days | ||||||
Wilshire Associates Incorporated | As needed | Current | ||||||
Wolters Kluwer Financial Services, Inc. | Monthly | Current | ||||||
Zephyr Associates, Inc. | Quarterly | Current |
In addition to the categories of persons and names of persons described above who may receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information, brokers executing portfolio trades on behalf of the funds may receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information. Under no circumstance does Janus Capital, a Janus mutual fund, or other party receive any compensation in connection with the arrangements to release portfolio holdings information to any of the described recipients of the information.
Janus Capital manages other accounts such as separately managed accounts, other pooled investment vehicles, and funds sponsored by companies other than Janus Capital. These other accounts may be managed in a similar fashion to certain Janus funds and thus may have similar portfolio holdings. Such accounts may be subject to different portfolio holdings disclosure policies that permit public disclosure of portfolio holdings information in different forms and at different times than the Fund’s portfolio holdings disclosure policies. Additionally, clients of such accounts have access to their portfolio holdings, and may not be subject to the Fund’s portfolio holdings disclosure policies.
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INVESTMENTADVISERANDSUB-ADVISERS
INVESTMENT ADVISER – JANUS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC |
As stated in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, the Fund has an Investment Advisory Agreement with Janus Capital Management LLC, 151 Detroit Street, Denver, Colorado 80206-4805. Janus Capital is a direct subsidiary of Janus Capital Group Inc. (“JCGI”), a publicly traded company with principal operations in financial asset management businesses. JCGI owns approximately 95% of Janus Capital, with the remaining 5% held by Janus Management Holdings Corporation.
The Fund’s Advisory Agreement continues in effect from year to year so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by the vote of a majority of the Fund’s Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreements or “interested persons” (as defined by the 1940 Act) of any such party (the “Independent Trustees”), and by either the Fund’s Trustees or the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Each Advisory Agreement: (i) may be terminated, without the payment of any penalty, by the Fund’s Trustees, or the vote of at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or Janus Capital, on 60 days’ advance written notice; (ii) terminates automatically in the event of its assignment; and (iii) generally, may not be amended without the approval by vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Fund, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and, to the extent required by the 1940 Act, the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement provides that Janus Capital will furnish continuous advice and recommendations concerning the Fund’s investments, provide office space for the Fund and certain other advisory-related services. The Fund pays custodian fees and expenses, any brokerage commissions and dealer spreads, and other expenses in connection with the execution of portfolio transactions, legal and audit expenses, interest and taxes, a portion of trade or other investment company dues and expenses, expenses of shareholders’ meetings, mailing of prospectuses, statements of additional information, and reports to shareholders, fees and expenses of all Fund Trustees, other costs of complying with applicable laws regulating the sale of Fund shares, compensation to the Fund’s transfer agent, and other costs, including shareholder servicing costs. As discussed in this section, Janus Capital has delegated certain management duties for the Fund to the sub-adviser pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement (“Sub-Advisory Agreement”) between Janus Capital and the sub-adviser.
The Trust and Janus Capital have received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits Janus Capital, subject to the approval of the Trustees, to appoint or replace certain sub-advisers to manage all or a portion of a Fund’s assets and enter into, amend, or terminate a sub-advisory agreement with certain sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval (a “manager-of-managers structure”). The manager-of-managers structure applies to sub-advisers that are not affiliated with the Trust or Janus Capital (“non-affiliated sub-advisers”), as well as any sub-adviser that is an indirect or direct “wholly-owned subsidiary” (as such term is defined by the 1940 Act) of Janus Capital or of another company that, indirectly or directly, wholly owns Janus Capital (collectively, “wholly-owned sub-advisers”).
Pursuant to the order, Janus Capital, with the approval of the Trustees, has the discretion to terminate any sub-adviser and allocate and, as appropriate, reallocate a Fund’s assets among Janus Capital and any other non-affiliated sub-advisers or wholly-owned sub-advisers (including terminating a non-affiliated sub-adviser and replacing it with a wholly-owned sub-adviser). To the extent that a Fund’s assets are allocated to one or more sub-advisers, Janus Capital, subject to oversight and supervision by the Trustees, has responsibility to oversee any sub-adviser to a Fund and to recommend for approval by the Trustees, the hiring, termination, and replacement of a sub-adviser for a Fund. The order also permits a Fund to disclose sub-advisers’ fees only in the aggregate. In the event that Janus Capital hires a new sub-adviser pursuant to the manager-of-managers structure, the affected Janus fund would provide shareholders with information about the new sub-adviser and sub-advisory agreement within 90 days.
The Trustees and the initial shareholder of the Fund have approved the use of a manager-of-managers structure. Janus Capital also serves as administrator and is authorized to perform, or cause others to perform, the administration services necessary for the operation of the Funds, including, but not limited to, NAV determination, portfolio accounting, recordkeeping, blue sky registration and monitoring services, preparation of prospectuses and other Fund documents, and other services for which the Funds reimburse Janus Capital for its out-of-pocket costs. The Fund also pays for the salaries, fees, and expenses of certain Janus Capital employees and Fund officers, with respect to certain specified administration functions they perform on behalf of the Fund. Administration costs are
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separate and apart from advisory fees and other expenses paid in connection with the investment advisory services that Janus Capital (or any sub-adviser, as applicable) provides to the Fund. Some expenses related to compensation payable to the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer and compliance staff are shared with the Fund.
Many of these costs vary from year to year which can make it difficult to predict the total impact to your Fund’s expense ratio, in particular during times of declining asset values of the Fund. Certain costs may be waived and/or reimbursed by Janus Capital pursuant to an expense limitation agreement with the Fund.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Trustees’ approval of the Fund’s Investment Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement will be included in the Fund’s annual report (for the period ending September 30) or semiannual report (for the period ending March 31) to shareholders. You can request the Fund’s annual or semiannual reports (as they become available), free of charge, by contacting your plan sponsor, broker-dealer, or financial intermediary, or by contacting a Janus representative at 1-877-335-2687 (or 1-800-525-3713 if you hold Class D Shares). The reports are also available, free of charge, at janus.com/info (or janus.com/reports if you hold Class D Shares).
The Fund pays an investment advisory fee to Janus Capital for its services at an annual rate. The fee is based on the average daily net assets of the Fund shown below, which is calculated daily and payable monthly. The annual fee rate for the Fund’s fee is shown below under “Average Daily Net Assets of the Fund.”
Fund Name | Average Daily Net Assets of the Fund | Contractual Investment Advisory Fees (%) (annual rate) | ||||||
Global & International | ||||||||
Janus Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | First $1 billion | 1.00 | ||||||
Next $1 billion | 0.90 | |||||||
Over $2 billion | 0.85 |
EXPENSE LIMITATIONS |
Janus Capital agreed by contract to waive the advisory fee payable by the Fund, or reimburse expenses, in an amount equal to the amount, if any, that the Fund’s normal annual operating expenses, including the investment advisory fee, but excluding distribution and shareholder servicing fees (12b-1) applicable to Class A Shares, Class C Shares, and Class S Shares, the administrative services fees payable pursuant to the Transfer Agency Agreement, brokerage commissions, interest, dividends, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses, exceed the annual rate shown below. For information about how these expense limits affect the total expenses of each class of the Fund, refer to the “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” table in the Fund Summary of the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus. Provided that Janus Capital remains investment adviser to the Fund, Janus Capital has agreed to continue the waiver until at least February 1, 2019.
Fund Name | Expense Limit Percentage (%) | |||
Global & International | ||||
Janus Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | 1.03 |
The Fund has not yet operated for a full year. As a result, there is no historical information related to investment advisory fees and fee waivers included for the Acquiring Fund. The following table summarizes the investment advisory fees paid by each Target Fund and any advisory fee waivers pursuant to the investment advisory fee agreement in effect during the last three fiscal years ended September 30 for the Janus Target and ended July 31 for the Henderson Target.
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund Name | Advisory Fees | Waivers(–) | Advisory Fees | Waivers(–) | Advisory Fees | Waivers(–) | ||||||||||||||||||
Global & International | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | $ | 357,884 | –$ | 135,245 | $ | 282,895 | –$ | 104,258 | ||||||||||||||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | $ | 303,124 | $ | 170,967 | $ | 266,650 | �� | –$ | 87,045 | $ | 275,081 | –$ | 42,830 |
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SUB-ADVISER – HENDERSON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LIMITED |
Janus Capital will enter into the Sub-Advisory Agreement with HIML, 201 Bishopsgate, London UK EC2M 3AE, on behalf of the Fund.
HIML is an SEC registered investment adviser and is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Henderson Group plc. As a global money manager, HIML provides a full spectrum of investment products and services to institutions and individuals around the world. HIML has been managing assets for clients since 1934. HIML is a multi-skill, multi-asset management business with a worldwide distribution network.
Under the Sub-Advisory Agreement between Janus Capital and HIML, HIML is responsible for the day-to-day investment operations of the Fund. Investments will be acquired, held, disposed of or loaned, consistent with the investment objectives, policies and restrictions established by the Trustees and set forth in the Trust’s registration statement. HIML is also obligated to: (i) place all orders for the purchase and sale of investments for the Fund with brokers or dealers selected by HIML; (ii) perform certain limited related administrative functions; (iii) provide the Trustees with oral or written reports regarding the investment portfolio of the Fund; and (iv) maintain all books and records required under federal securities law relating to day-to-day portfolio management of the Fund. The HIML Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that HIML shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission taken with respect to the Fund, except for willful malfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the HIML Sub-Advisory Agreement and except to the extent otherwise provided by law.
SUB-ADVISORY FEES |
Under the Sub-Advisory Agreement, Janus Capital will pay HIML a fee equal to fifty percent of the Fund’s average daily net assets, net of fifty percent of any fee and expense waivers or reimbursements incurred by Janus Capital.
The Sub-Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year if such continuation is specifically approved at least annually by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, and by either the Trustees or the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. The Sub-Advisory Agreement is subject to termination at any time, without penalty, by the Trustees, the vote of at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or Janus Capital, upon 60 days’ advance written notice, or by HIML by giving 90 days’ advance written notice to the other party (HIML shall allow such additional time as requested by Janus Capital or the Trust but such additional times shall not to exceed 90 days), or by Janus Capital or the Trust without advance notice if HIML is unable to discharge its duties and obligations. The Sub-Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of the assignment or termination of the Fund’s respective Investment Advisory Agreement. The Sub-Advisory Agreement generally may not be amended without the approval by vote of a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, and, to the extent required by the 1940 Act, the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Fund has not yet operated for a full year. As a result, there is no historical information related to sub-advisory fees included for the Fund. Janus Singapore Pte. Limited (“Janus Singapore”) is the investment sub-adviser for the Janus Target and HIML is the investment sub-adviser for the Henderson Target. Under each Target Fund’s sub-advisory agreement, each respective sub-adviser was compensated according to the following schedule for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 for the Janus Target and ended July 31, 2016 for the Henderson Target.
Fund Name | Sub-adviser | Sub-advisory Fee Rate (%) | ||||||
Global & International | ||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | Janus Singapore | 0.33 | (1)(2) | |||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | HIML | 0.35 | (2) |
(1) | Prior to any performance adjustment, if applicable. |
(2) | Prior to the reimbursement of expenses incurred or fees waived by Janus Capital or HIML, if applicable. |
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The Janus Target and the Henderson Target pay no fees directly to Janus Singapore or to HIML, respectively. Janus Capital and Henderson Global Investors (North America) Inc. (“HGINA”) pay these sub-advisory fees out of their respective investment advisory fees received from the Target Funds. The Fund will pay no sub-advisory fees directly to a sub-adviser. Janus Capital will pay these sub-advisory fees out of the Fund’s advisory fees.
The following table summarizes the sub-advisory fees paid by Janus Capital and HGINA pursuant to the sub-advisory fee agreements in effect for the Janus Target and the Henderson Target, respectively, during the fiscal years ended September 30 for the Janus Target and ended July 31 for the Henderson Target, unless otherwise noted.
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Fund Name | Sub-advisory Fees | Sub-advisory Fees | Sub-advisory Fees | |||||||||
Global & International |
| |||||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | $ | 73,171 | $ | 59,830 | ||||||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | $ | [ ] | $ | [ ] |
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES BY JANUS CAPITAL OR ITS AFFILIATES |
In addition to payments made under 12b-1 plans, Janus Capital and its affiliates also may make payments out of their own assets to selected broker-dealer firms or other financial intermediaries that sell certain classes of Shares of Janus funds for distribution, marketing, promotional, or related services. Such payments may be based on gross sales, assets under management, or transactional charges, or on a combination of these factors. Payments based primarily on sales create an incentive to make new sales of shares, while payments based on assets create an incentive to retain previously sold shares. Payments based on transactional charges may include the payment or reimbursement of all or a portion of “ticket charges.” Ticket charges are fees charged to salespersons purchasing through a financial intermediary firm in connection with mutual fund purchases, redemptions, or exchanges. The payment or reimbursement of ticket charges creates an incentive for salespersons of an intermediary to sell shares of Janus funds over shares of funds for which there is lesser or no payment or reimbursement of any applicable ticket charge. Payments made with respect to certain classes of Shares may create an incentive for an intermediary to promote or favor other share classes of the Janus funds. Janus Capital and its affiliates consider a number of factors in making payments to financial intermediaries. Criteria may include, but are not limited to, the distribution capabilities of the intermediary, the overall quality of the relationship, expected gross and/or net sales generated by the relationship, redemption and retention rates of assets held through the intermediary, the willingness of the intermediary to cooperate with Janus Capital’s marketing efforts, access to sales personnel, and the anticipated profitability of sales through the institutional relationship. These factors and their weightings may differ from one intermediary to another and may change from time to time. As of the date of this SAI, the broker-dealer firms with which Janus Capital or its affiliates have agreements or are currently negotiating agreements to make payments out of their own assets related to the acquisition or retention of shareholders for Class A Shares and Class C Shares, and for certain financial intermediaries with advisory platforms, Class I Shares, are AIG Advisor Group, Inc. and its broker-dealer subsidiaries; Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.; Citigroup Global Markets Inc.; Lincoln Financial Advisors Corporation; LPL Financial Corporation; Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated; Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, LLC; Oppenheimer & Co., Inc.; Raymond James & Associates, Inc.; Raymond James Financial Services, Inc.; UBS Financial Services Inc.; and Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC and its broker-dealer affiliates. These fees may be in addition to fees paid from a Fund’s assets to them or other financial intermediaries. Any additions, modifications, or deletions to the broker-dealer firms identified that have occurred since that date are not reflected.
In addition, for all share classes (with the exception of Class D Shares and Class N Shares), Janus Capital, Janus Distributors LLC (“Janus Distributors”), or their affiliates may pay fees, from their own assets, to brokerage firms, banks, financial advisors, retirement plan service providers, and other financial intermediaries for providing other marketing or distribution-related services, as well as recordkeeping, sub-accounting, transaction processing, and other non-distribution related shareholder or administrative services in connection with investments in the Janus funds. These fees are in addition to any fees that may be paid from a Fund’s assets to these financial intermediaries. Janus Capital or its affiliates may have numerous agreements to make payments to financial institutions which perform recordkeeping or other administrative services with respect to shareholder accounts. Contact your financial intermediary if you wish to determine whether it receives such payments.
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Janus Capital or its affiliates may also share certain marketing expenses with intermediaries, or pay for, or sponsor informational meetings, seminars, client awareness events, support for marketing materials, sales reporting, or business building programs for such financial intermediaries to raise awareness of the Funds. Janus Capital or its affiliates may make payments to participate in intermediary marketing support programs which may provide Janus Capital or its affiliates with one or more of the following benefits: attendance at sales conferences, participation in meetings or training sessions, access to or information about intermediary personnel, use of an intermediary’s marketing and communication infrastructure, fund analysis tools, business planning and strategy sessions with intermediary personnel, information on industry- or platform-specific developments, trends and service providers, and other marketing-related services. Such payments may be in addition to, or in lieu of, the payments described above. These payments are intended to promote the sales of Janus funds and to reimburse financial intermediaries, directly or indirectly, for the costs that they or their salespersons incur in connection with educational seminars, meetings, and training efforts about the Janus funds to enable the intermediaries and their salespersons to make suitable recommendations, provide useful services, and maintain the necessary infrastructure to make the Janus funds available to their customers.
The receipt of (or prospect of receiving) payments, reimbursements, and other forms of compensation described above may provide a financial intermediary and its salespersons with an incentive to favor sales of Janus funds’ shares over sales of other mutual funds (or non-mutual fund investments) or to favor sales of one class of Janus funds’ shares over sales of another Janus funds’ share class, with respect to which the financial intermediary does not receive such payments or receives them in a lower amount. The receipt of these payments may cause certain financial intermediaries to elevate the prominence of the Janus funds within such financial intermediary’s organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or the provision of preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the Janus funds in various ways within such financial intermediary’s organization.
From time to time, certain financial intermediaries approach Janus Capital to request that Janus Capital make contributions to certain charitable organizations. In these cases, Janus Capital’s contribution may result in the financial intermediary, or its salespersons, recommending Janus funds over other mutual funds (or non-mutual fund investments).
The payment arrangements described above will not change the price an investor pays for Shares nor the amount that a Janus fund receives to invest on behalf of the investor. You should consider whether such arrangements exist when evaluating any recommendations from an intermediary to purchase or sell Shares of the Fund and, if applicable, when considering which share class of a Fund is most appropriate for you.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT JANUS CAPITAL AND THE SUB-ADVISER |
Janus Capital acts as sub-adviser for a number of private-label mutual funds and provides separate account advisory services for institutional accounts. Janus Capital may also manage its own proprietary accounts, as well as other pooled investment vehicles, such as hedge funds. Janus Capital has a fiduciary responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. As such, investment decisions for each account managed by Janus Capital, including the Funds, are made independently from those for any other account that is or may in the future become managed by Janus Capital or its affiliates. If, however, a number of accounts managed by Janus Capital are contemporaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the orders may be aggregated and/or the transactions may be averaged as to price and allocated to each account in accordance with allocation procedures adopted by Janus Capital. Partial fills for the accounts of two or more portfolio managers and/or investment personnel will be allocated pro rata under procedures adopted by Janus Capital. Circumstances may arise under which Janus Capital may determine that, although it may be desirable and/or suitable that a particular security or other investment be purchased or sold for more than one account, there exists a limited supply or demand for the security or other investment. Janus Capital seeks to allocate the opportunity to purchase or sell that security or other investment among accounts on an equitable basis by taking into consideration factors including, but not limited to, size of the portfolio, concentration of holdings, investment objectives and guidelines, purchase costs, and cash availability. Janus Capital, however, cannot assure equality of allocations among all its accounts, nor can it assure that the opportunity to purchase or sell a security or other investment will be proportionally allocated among accounts according to any particular or predetermined standards or criteria. In some cases, these allocation procedures may adversely affect the price paid or received by an account or the size of the position obtained or liquidated for an account. In others, however, the accounts’ ability to participate in volume transactions may produce better executions and prices for the accounts.
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With respect to allocations of initial public offerings of equity securities or syndicate offerings of bonds (each a “Primary Offering”), under Primary Offering allocation procedures adopted by Janus Capital, an account may participate in a Primary Offering if the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel believe the Primary Offering is an appropriate investment based on the account’s investment restrictions, risk profile, asset composition, and/or cash levels. For equity securities, these Primary Offering allocation procedures generally require that all shares purchased in a Primary Offering be allocated on a pro rata basis to all participating accounts based upon the total assets of each account. For syndicated bond offerings, the Primary Offering procedures generally require that all bonds purchased be allocated on a pro rata basis to all participating accounts within the same investment strategy (as opposed to pro rata across all participating accounts). To the extent a fund, such as a new fund, has only affiliated shareholders, such as a portfolio manager or an adviser, and the fund participates in a Primary Offering, those shareholders may be perceived as receiving a benefit and, as a result, may have a conflict with management of the fund.
Janus Capital is permitted to adjust its allocation procedures to address fractional shares, odd lots, or minimum issue sizes. In certain circumstances, and subject to its allocation procedures, Janus Capital may deviate from a pro-rata allocation to account for allocation sizes that are deemed, by the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel, to be de minimis to certain eligible accounts or to address situations specific to individual accounts (e.g., cash limitations, position weightings, etc.). Participation in Primary Offerings may impact performance. In particular, the allocation of securities may have the unintended consequence of having a greater impact (positive or negative) on the performance of one or more accounts compared to other accounts.
HIML also has adopting procedures with respect to the initial public offerings of equity securities. Such procedures generally require that all shares purchased in an initial public offering of equity securities be allocated on a strict pro rata basis.
In connection with investment in People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) local market securities, Janus Capital has developed Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (“QFII”) allocation procedures to address potential conflicts of interest and to equitably and effectively administer QFII operations and the allocation of available investment quota. Janus Capital seeks to allocate quota and administer its QFII role in the best interests of various participating accounts. The procedures also seek to address and mitigate instances where conflicts of interest could exist with regard to the repatriation of assets. Janus Capital will seek to make quota allocation decisions and administer its QFII role without regard to any potential loss of quota which may occur if participating accounts determine to repatriate assets and there is not sufficient interest across other accounts to utilize the available quota. The procedures address additional considerations related to a given account’s objectives, policies and strategies. Janus Capital will consider, among other things, the appropriateness of investment in PRC local market securities in light of the objective, investment time horizon and risk management objectives of the account, whether the account’s liquidity position after a desired quota allocation would continue to maintain a level deemed to be adequate, and whether the desired quota allocation is deemed to be de minimis and the resulting burdens on administration and custody costs to the account outweigh perceived benefit of an investment.
Janus Capital manages long and short portfolios. The simultaneous management of long and short portfolios creates potential conflicts of interest in fund management and creates potential risks such as the risk that short sale activity could adversely affect the market value of long positions in one or more Janus funds (and vice versa), the risk arising from the sequential orders in long and short positions, and the risks associated with the trade desk receiving opposing orders in the same security at the same time.
Janus Capital has adopted procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to mitigate these and other potential conflicts and risks. Among other things, Janus Capital has trade allocation procedures in place as previously described. In addition, procedures prohibit a portfolio manager from executing a short sale on a security held long in any other portfolio that he or she manages but is not held long in the account in which the portfolio manager is placing the short. Note this does not prohibit shorting against the box. The procedures also require approvals of Janus Capital senior management in other situations that raise potential conflicts of interest, as well as periodic monitoring of long and short trading activity of the Janus funds and accounts.
The Funds and other funds advised by Janus Capital or its affiliates may also transfer daily uninvested cash balances into one or more joint trading accounts. Assets in the joint trading accounts are invested in money market instruments and the proceeds are allocated to the participating funds on a pro rata basis.
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Pursuant to the provisions of the 1940 Act, Janus mutual funds may participate in an affiliated or non-affiliated cash sweep program. In the cash sweep program, uninvested cash balances of Janus funds may be used to purchase shares of affiliated or non-affiliated money market funds or cash management pooled investment vehicles. All Janus funds are eligible to participate in the cash sweep program (the “Investing Funds”). As adviser, Janus Capital has an inherent conflict of interest because of its fiduciary duties to the affiliated money market funds or cash management pooled investment vehicles and the Investing Funds. In addition, Janus Capital receives an investment advisory fee for managing the cash management vehicle used for its securities lending program, but it may not receive a fee for managing certain other affiliated cash management vehicles, and therefore may have an incentive to allocate preferred investment opportunities to investment vehicles for which it is receiving a fee.
Each account managed by Janus Capital or the sub-adviser has its own investment objective and policies and is managed accordingly by the respective portfolio managers and/or investment personnel. As a result, from time to time, two or more different managed accounts may pursue divergent investment strategies with respect to investments or categories of investments.
The officers and Trustees of the Janus funds may also serve as officers and Trustees of the Janus “funds of funds,” which are funds that primarily invest in other Janus mutual funds. Conflicts may arise as the officers and Trustees seek to fulfill their fiduciary responsibilities to both the Janus funds of funds and the other Janus mutual funds. The Trustees intend to address any such conflicts as deemed appropriate.
Ethics Rules
Janus Capital and Janus Distributors currently have in place Ethics Rules, which are comprised of the Personal Trading Policy, Gift and Entertainment Policy, and Outside Business Activity Policy. The Ethics Rules are designed to ensure Janus Capital and Janus Distributors personnel: (i) observe applicable legal (including compliance with applicable federal securities laws) and ethical standards in the performance of their duties; (ii) at all times place the interests of the Fund shareholders first; (iii) disclose all actual or potential conflicts; (iv) adhere to the highest standards of loyalty, candor, and care in all matters relating to the Fund shareholders; (v) conduct all personal trading, including transactions in the Funds and other securities, consistent with the Ethics Rules and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of their position of trust and responsibility; and (vi) refrain from using any material nonpublic information in securities trading. The Ethics Rules are on file with and available from the SEC through the SEC website at http://www.sec.gov.
Under the Personal Trading Policy, all Janus Capital and Janus Distributors personnel, as well as the Trustees and Officers of the Fund, are required to conduct their personal investment activities in a manner that Janus Capital believes is not detrimental to the Fund. In addition, Janus Capital and Janus Distributors personnel are not permitted to transact in securities held by the Fund for their personal accounts except under circumstances specified in the Personal Trading Policy. All personnel of Janus Capital, Janus Distributors, and the Fund, as well as certain other designated employees deemed to have access to current trading information, are required to pre-clear all transactions in securities not otherwise exempt. Requests for trading authorization will be denied when, among other reasons, the proposed personal transaction would be contrary to the provisions of the Personal Trading Policy.
In addition to the pre-clearance requirement described above, the Personal Trading Policy subjects such personnel to various trading restrictions and reporting obligations. All reportable transactions are reviewed for compliance with the Personal Trading Policy and under certain circumstances Janus Capital and Janus Distributors personnel may be required to forfeit profits made from personal trading.
HIML has adopted a Code of Ethics, which is designed to identify and address certain conflicts of interest between personal investment activities and the interests of investment advisory clients, in compliance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The Code of Ethics permits employees of HIML to engage in personal securities transactions, including with respect to securities held by one or more Funds, subject to certain requirements and restrictions. Among other things, the Code of Ethics prohibits certain types of transactions absent prior approval, impose time periods during which personal transactions in certain securities may not be made, and require the submission of duplicate broker confirmations and quarterly and annual reporting of securities transactions and annual reporting of holdings. Exceptions to certain provisions of the Code of Ethics may be granted in particular circumstances after review by appropriate officers or compliance personnel.
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PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES |
The Trustees have delegated to Janus Capital or to certain sub-advisers the authority to vote all proxies relating to the Fund’s portfolio securities in accordance with Janus Capital’s or such sub-advisers own policies and procedures. Summaries of Janus Capital’s and certain sub-advisers’ policies and procedures are available without charge: (i) upon request, by calling 1-800-525-0020; (ii) on the Fund’s website at janus.com/proxyvoting; and (iii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. [A summary of HIML’s policies and procedures are available without charge: (i) upon request, by calling 866-443-6337; (ii) on the Henderson Target’s website at www.henderson.com; and (iii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.]
A complete copy of Janus Capital’s proxy voting policies and procedures, including specific guidelines, is available at janus.com/proxyvoting.
The Janus Target’s proxy voting record for the one-year period ending each June 30th is available, free of charge, through janus.com/proxyvoting and from the SEC through the SEC website at http://www.sec.gov. The Henderson Target’s proxy voting record for the one-year period ending each June 30th is available, free of charge, by calling 866-443-6337 or through visiting the Henderson Target’s website at Henderson.com and from the SEC through the SEC website at http://www.sec.gov. The Fund has not operated as of June 30, 2016, and therefore the Fund does not yet have a proxy voting record available.
JANUS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC PROXY VOTING SUMMARY FOR MUTUAL FUNDS |
Janus Capital seeks to vote proxies in the best interest of its shareholders and without regard to any other Janus Capital relationship (business or otherwise). Janus Capital will not accept direction as to how to vote individual proxies for which it has voting responsibility from any other person or organization other than the research and information provided by its independent proxy voting service, Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“Proxy Voting Service”), subject to specific provisions in a client’s account documentation related to exception voting.
Proxy Voting Procedures
Janus Capital has developed proxy voting guidelines (the “Janus Guidelines”) that outline how Janus Capital generally votes proxies on securities held by the portfolios Janus Capital manages. The Janus Guidelines, which include recommendations on most major corporate issues, have been developed by the Janus Proxy Voting Committee (the “Proxy Voting Committee”) in consultation with Janus Capital’s portfolio managers. In creating proxy voting recommendations, the Proxy Voting Committee analyzes proxy proposals from the prior year and evaluates whether those proposals would adversely or beneficially affect shareholders’ interests. The Proxy Voting Committee also reviews policy rationale provided by the Proxy Voting Service related to voting recommendations for the upcoming proxy season. Once the Proxy Voting Committee establishes its recommendations and revises the Janus Guidelines, they are distributed to Janus Capital’s portfolio managers for review and implementation. Mutual fund proxies are generally voted in accordance with the Janus Guidelines. However, upon request, certain non-mutual fund client proxies are voted in accordance with the Proxy Voting Service’s Taft-Hartley guidelines (the “Taft-Hartley Guidelines”), which were developed in conjunction with the AFL-CIO and have a worker-owner view of long-term corporate value.
While the Proxy Voting Committee sets the Janus Guidelines and serves as a resource for Janus Capital’s portfolio managers, it does not have proxy voting authority for any proprietary or nonproprietary mutual fund. In addition, Janus Capital has engaged the Proxy Voting Service to assist in the voting of proxies. The Proxy Voting Service provides research and recommendations on proxy issues. Janus Capital’s portfolio managers are responsible for proxy votes on securities they own in the portfolios they manage. The Fund may participate in a securities lending program under which shares of an issuer may be on loan while that issuer is conducting a proxy solicitation. Generally, if shares of an issuer are on loan during a proxy solicitation, a Fund cannot vote the shares. The portfolio managers have discretion to pull back lent shares before proxy record dates and vote proxies if time permits. Most portfolio managers vote consistently with the Janus Guidelines; however, a portfolio manager has discretion to vote differently than the Janus Guidelines.
The Proxy Voting Committee’s oversight responsibilities include monitoring for, and resolving, material conflicts of interest with respect to proxy voting. Janus Capital believes that application of the Janus Guidelines to vote mutual fund proxies should, in most cases, adequately address any possible conflicts of interest since the Janus Guidelines
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are predetermined. However, the potential for conflicts of interest exists to the extent the portfolio managers have discretion to vote differently than the Janus Guidelines. On a quarterly basis, the Proxy Voting Committee reviews records of any votes that were cast differently than the Janus Guidelines and the related rationales for such votes. Additionally, and in instances where a portfolio manager proposes to vote a proxy inconsistent with the Janus Guidelines and a potential conflict is identified, the Proxy Voting Committee will review the proxy votes in order to determine whether a portfolio manager’s voting rationale appears reasonable. If the Proxy Voting Committee does not agree that a portfolio manager’s rationale is reasonable, the Proxy Voting Committee will refer the matter to the appropriate Chief Investment Officer(s) (or Director of Research in his/her absence) to determine how to vote.
Proxy Voting Policies
As discussed above, the Proxy Voting Committee has developed the Janus Guidelines for use in voting proxies. Below is a summary of some of the Janus Guidelines.
Board of Directors Issues
Janus Capital: (i) will generally vote in favor of slates of director candidates that are comprised of a majority of independent directors; (ii) will generally vote in favor of proposals to increase the minimum number of independent directors; and (iii) will generally oppose non-independent directors who serve on the audit, compensation, and/or nominating committees of the board.
Auditor Issues
Janus Capital will generally oppose proposals asking for approval of auditors that have a financial interest in or association with the company and are therefore not independent.
Equity and Executive Compensation Issues
Janus Capital reviews equity compensation-related proposals on a case-by-case basis using research provided by the Proxy Voting Service. The research is designed to estimate the total cost of a proposed plan and identify plan features and grant practices that demonstrate good stewardship of investors’ interests regarding executive compensation. Janus Capital will generally vote against plans if the estimated cost is above the allowable cap (an industry-specific, market cap-based amount calculated by the Proxy Voting Service) and/or plan features and grant practices are determined to be misaligned with maximizing shareholder value. Proposals regarding the re-pricing of underwater options (stock options in which the price the employee is contracted to buy shares is higher than the current market price) and the issuance of reload options (stock options that are automatically granted if outstanding stock options are exercised during a window period) will generally be opposed. Janus Capital will generally vote in favor with regard to advisory votes on executive compensation (say-on-pay), unless problematic pay practices are maintained (as determined by Janus Capital).
General Corporate Issues
Janus Capital: (i) will generally oppose proposals regarding supermajority voting rights (for example, to approve acquisitions or mergers); (ii) will generally oppose proposals for different classes of stock with different voting rights; and (iii) will generally oppose proposals seeking to implement measures designed to prevent or obstruct corporate takeovers, unless such measures are designed primarily as a short-term means to protect a tax benefit or are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any proposal or offer, and are proposed in a transparent and independent fashion. Janus Capital will review proposals relating to mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, and other similar actions on a case-by-case basis.
Shareholder Proposals
If a shareholder proposal is specifically addressed by the Janus Guidelines, Janus Capital will generally vote pursuant to that Janus Guideline. Janus Capital’s first priority is to act as a fiduciary in the best financial interests of its clients. Janus Capital recognizes that environmental, social, moral, or ethical issues present risks and opportunities that can have an impact on company financial performance. Janus Capital strives to balance these issues in a manner consistent with its fiduciary obligations. Janus Capital will generally vote with management on these matters unless it identifies areas of weakness or deficiency relative to peers and/or industry best practices or it feels that management has failed to adequately respond to shareholder concerns. In such instances Janus Capital will review these matters on a case-by-case basis, consistent with its fiduciary obligations to clients. Janus Capital will solicit additional research from its Proxy Voting Service for proposals outside the scope of the Janus Guidelines.
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HENDERSON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LIMITED PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES |
The following are the procedures for HIML, with respect to the voting of proxies on behalf of all clients for which HIML has been delegated the responsibility for voting proxies, and the keeping of records relating to proxy voting.
General Policy. It is the intent of HIM that proxies should be voted consistent with the Fund’s best economic interests. HIML believes that in order to achieve long-term success, companies need not only to conceive and execute appropriate business strategies, but also to maintain high standards of corporate governance and corporate responsibility. HIML has engaged RiskMetrics Group, an independent proxy voting service, to assist in the voting of the Funds’ proxies through the provision of vote analysis, implementation, and recordkeeping and disclosure services. HIML has also contracted Institutional Shareholder Services Europe Ltd. (“ISS”), an independent proxy voting service provider, to provide policy development, research, advisory and voting disclosure services, as well as BNP Paribas Securities Services plc, to provide proxy voting services. BNP Paribas Securities Services plc is provided with voting services by ISS.
Voting and Use of Proxy Voting Service. The procedure for casting proxy votes is as follows: (1) custodians notify ISS of forthcoming company meetings and send proxy materials; (2) ISS notifies HIML of meetings; (3) ISS provides voting recommendations based on HIML’s proxy voting policies; (4) the corporate governance manager consults with fund managers as appropriate to decide whether to accept or override the voting recommendations provided by ISS; and (5) voting instructions are sent to custodians for execution.
Conflicts of Interest. HIML has adopted the following procedures and controls to avoid conflicts of interest that may arise in connection with proxy voting:
• | For each director, officer and employee of HIML (“HIML person”), the interests of HIML’s clients must come first, ahead of the interest of HIML and any person within the HIML organization, which includes HIML’s affiliates. |
• | Accordingly, each HIML person must not put “personal benefit”, whether tangible or intangible, before the interests of clients of HIML or otherwise take advantage of the relationship to HIML’s clients. “Personal benefit” includes any intended benefit for oneself or any other individual, company, group or organization of any kind whatsoever except a benefit for a client of HIML, as appropriate. It is imperative that each of HIML’s directors, officers and employees avoid any situation that might compromise, or call into question, the exercise of fully independent judgment in the interests of HIML’s clients. |
• | Occasions may arise where a person or organization involved in the proxy voting process may have a conflict of interest. A conflict of interest may exist if HIML has a business relationship with (or is actively soliciting business from) either the company soliciting the proxy or a third party that has a material interest in the outcome of a proxy vote or that is actively lobbying for a particular outcome of a proxy vote. Any individual with knowledge of an actual or potential conflict of interest relating to a particular referral item shall disclose that conflict to the Head of Compliance. |
• | It is the responsibility of each director, officer and employee of HIML to report any real or potential conflict of interest to the Head of Compliance who shall present any such information to the Proxy Committee. However, once a particular conflict has been reported to the Head of Compliance, this requirement shall be deemed satisfied with respect to all individuals with knowledge of such conflict. In addition, all HIML persons shall certify annually as to their compliance with this policy. |
In light of such procedures and controls, potential or actual conflicts in the proxy-voting process are rare. In the unusual circumstance that a particular proxy vote may present a potential or actual conflict, the matter shall be referred to HIML’s Proxy Committee, which is composed of HIML’s Head of Equities, the Corporate Governance Manager, and the Head of Compliance. To the extent that a conflict of interest is identified, HIML will review the issue and instruct ISS to: (1) vote based on ISS’ recommendation, (2) vote in the same proportion as the other shareholders, (3) abstain from voting entirely, (4) vote in accordance with the recommendation of the investment professional responsible for the account, or (5) vote in another manner as the Proxy Committee deems fit.
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CUSTODIAN,TRANSFERAGENT,ANDCERTAINAFFILIATIONS
State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), P.O. Box 0351, Boston, Massachusetts 02117-0351 is the custodian of the domestic securities and cash of the Fund and of an affiliated cash management pooled investment vehicle. State Street is the designated Foreign Custody Manager (as the term is defined in Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act) of the Funds’ securities and cash held outside the United States. The Fund’s Trustees have delegated to State Street certain responsibilities for such assets, as permitted by Rule 17f-5. State Street and the foreign sub-custodians selected by it hold the Fund’s assets in safekeeping and collect and remit the income thereon, subject to the instructions of the Fund.
Deutsche Bank AG (“Deutsche Bank”) acts as securities lending agent and a limited purpose custodian or sub-custodian to receive and disburse cash balances and cash collateral, hold short-term investments, hold collateral, and perform other custodian functions in accordance with the Agency Securities Lending and Repurchase Agreement (“Lending Agreement”). In addition, The Bank of New York Mellon and JPMorgan Chase Bank may act as limited purpose sub-custodians in connection with certain reverse repurchase transactions completed in connection with the Lending Agreement.
Janus Services LLC (“Janus Services”), 151 Detroit Street, Denver, Colorado 80206-4805, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Janus Capital, is the Fund’s transfer agent. In addition, Janus Services provides or arranges for the provision of certain other administrative services including, but not limited to, recordkeeping, accounting, order processing, and other non-distribution related shareholder services for the Funds.
Certain, but not all, intermediaries may charge administrative fees to investors in Class A Shares, Class C Shares, and Class I Shares for administrative services provided on behalf of such investors. These administrative fees are paid by the Class A Shares, Class C Shares, and Class I Shares of the Fund to Janus Services, which uses such fees to reimburse intermediaries. Consistent with the Transfer Agency Agreement between Janus Services and the Fund, Janus Services may negotiate the level, structure, and/or terms of the administrative fees with intermediaries requiring such fees on behalf of the Fund. Janus Capital and its affiliates benefit from an increase in assets that may result from such relationships. The Fund’s Trustees have set limits on fees that the Fund may incur with respect to administrative fees paid for omnibus or networked accounts. Such limits are subject to change by the Trustees in the future.
Class D Shares of the Fund pay an annual administrative services fee of 0.12% of net assets. These administrative services fees are paid by Class D Shares of the Fund for shareholder services provided by Janus Services.
Janus Services receives an administrative services fee at an annual rate of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of Class S Shares and Class T Shares of the Fund for providing or procuring administrative services to investors in Class S Shares and Class T Shares of the Fund. Janus Services expects to use all or a significant portion of this fee to compensate retirement plan service providers, broker-dealers, bank trust departments, financial advisors, and other financial intermediaries for providing these services. Janus Services or its affiliates may also pay fees for services provided by intermediaries to the extent the fees charged by intermediaries exceed the 0.25% of net assets charged to Class S Shares and Class T Shares of the Fund. Janus Services may keep certain amounts retained for reimbursement of out-of-pocket costs incurred for servicing clients of Class S Shares and Class T Shares.
Shareholder services provided by these financial intermediaries may include, but are not limited to, recordkeeping, sub-accounting, order processing, providing order confirmations, periodic statements, forwarding prospectuses, shareholder reports, and other materials to existing customers, answering inquiries regarding accounts, and other administrative services. Order processing includes the submission of transactions through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) or similar systems, or those processed on a manual basis with Janus.
Class D Shares, Class S Shares, and Class T Shares of the Fund pay Janus Services for administrative services. Because the Fund has not yet operated for a full year, historical total amounts paid for administrative services are not included. For Class S Shares, and Class T Shares, Janus Services pays out all or substantially all of the amount reflected as compensation to broker-dealers and service providers. Amounts for certain share classes may include the reimbursement of administrative services fees by Janus Capital to the Fund.
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For the fiscal years ended September 30 for the Janus Target and ended July 31 for the Henderson Target, the total amounts paid by Class D Shares, Class R Shares, Class S Shares, and Class T Shares of the Janus Target to Janus Services and by the Henderson Target to State Street Bank and Trust Company for administrative services are summarized below.
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Fund Name | Administrative Services Fees | Administrative Services Fees | Administrative Services Fees | |||||||||
Global & International | ||||||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Class D Shares | $ | [ ] | $ | 12,079 | $ | 11,994 | ||||||
Class S Shares | $ | [ ] | $ | 415 | $ | 1,287 | ||||||
Class T Shares | $ | [ ] | $ | 6,445 | $ | 3,013 | ||||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | $ | 7,268 | $ | 6,588 | $ | 6,974 |
Janus Services is compensated for its services related to Class D Shares. In addition to the administrative fees discussed above, Janus Services receives reimbursement for out-of-pocket costs it incurs for serving as transfer agent and providing, or arranging for, servicing to shareholders.
Through Janus Services, the Fund pays DST Systems, Inc. (“DST”) fees for the use of DST’s shareholder accounting system, as well as for certain broker-controlled accounts and closed accounts. These fees are in addition to any administrative services fees paid to Janus Services. The Fund also uses and pays for DST systems to track and process contingent deferred sales charges. These fees are only charged to classes of the Fund with contingent deferred sales charges, as applicable.
Janus Distributors, 151 Detroit Street, Denver, Colorado 80206-4805, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Janus Capital, is the principal underwriter for the Fund. Janus Distributors is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. Janus Distributors acts as the agent of the Fund in connection with the sale of its Shares in all states in which such Shares are registered and in which Janus Distributors is qualified as a broker-dealer. Under the Distribution Agreement, Janus Distributors continuously offers the Fund’s Shares and accepts orders at NAV per share of the relevant class. The cash-compensation amount or rate at which Janus Distributors’ registered representatives are paid for sales of products may differ based on a type of fund or a specific trust or the distribution channel or platform. The receipt of (or prospect of receiving) compensation described above may provide an incentive for a registered representative to favor sales of a fund, or certain share classes of a fund, for which they receive a higher compensation amount or rate. You should consider these arrangements when evaluating any recommendations of your registered representative.
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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
At times, Janus Capital places certain portfolio transactions of the Fund upon certain sub-adviser’s direction.
Janus Capital and certain sub-advisers have a policy of seeking to obtain the “best execution” of all portfolio transactions (the best net prices under the circumstances based upon a number of factors including and subject to the factors discussed below) provided that Janus Capital and such sub-advisers may occasionally pay higher commissions for research services as described below. The Fund may trade foreign securities in foreign countries because the best available market for these securities is often on foreign exchanges. In transactions on foreign stock exchanges, brokers’ commissions are frequently fixed and are often higher than in the United States, where commissions are negotiated.
Janus Capital considers a number of factors in seeking best execution in selecting brokers and dealers and in negotiating commissions on agency transactions. In seeking best execution on trades the Funds sub-advised by certain sub-advisers, Janus Capital acts on behalf of and in consultation with such sub-advisers. Those factors include, but are not limited to: Janus Capital’s and the sub-adviser’s knowledge of currently available negotiated commission rates or prices of securities currently available and other current transaction costs; the nature of the security being traded; the size and type of the transaction; the nature and character of the markets for the security to be purchased or sold; the desired timing of the trade; the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular security; confidentiality, including trade anonymity; liquidity; the quality of the execution, clearance, and settlement services; financial stability of the broker or dealer; the existence of actual or apparent operational problems of any broker or dealer; rebates of commissions by a broker to a Fund or to a third party service provider to the Fund to pay Fund expenses; and the value of research products or services provided by brokers. In recognition of the value of the foregoing factors, and as permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Janus Capital may place portfolio transactions with a broker or dealer with whom it has negotiated a commission that is in excess of the commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if Janus Capital (or Janus Capital acting on behalf of and in consultation with a sub-adviser) determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or of the overall responsibilities of Janus Capital or such sub-adviser, as applicable. To constitute eligible “research services,” such services must qualify as “advice,” “analyses,” or “reports.” To determine that a service constitutes research services, Janus Capital or a sub-adviser, as applicable, must conclude that it reflects the “expression of reasoning or knowledge” relating to the value of securities, advisability of effecting transactions in securities or analyses, or reports concerning issuers, securities, economic factors, investment strategies, or the performance of accounts. To constitute eligible “brokerage services,” such services must effect securities transactions and functions incidental thereto, and include clearance, settlement, and the related custody services. Additionally, brokerage services have been interpreted to include services relating to the execution of securities transactions. Research received from brokers or dealers is supplemental to Janus Capital’s and a sub-adviser’s own research efforts. Because Janus Capital and such sub-adviser receive a benefit from research they receive from broker-dealers, Janus Capital and such sub-adviser may have an incentive to continue to use those broker-dealers to effect transactions. Janus Capital and certain sub-advisers do not consider a broker-dealer’s sale of Fund shares when choosing a broker-dealer to effect transactions.
“Cross trades,” in which one Janus Capital account sells a particular security to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), may also pose a potential conflict of interest. Cross trades may be seen to involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, one account is permitted to sell a security to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay. Janus Capital and the Fund’s Trustees have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between a Fund and another Janus-advised account are to be made at an independent current market price, as required by law. There is also a potential conflict of interest when cross trades involve a Janus fund that has substantial ownership by Janus Capital. At times, Janus Capital may have a controlling interest of a Fund involved in a cross trade.
Because the Fund has not yet operated for a full year, historical information relating to total brokerage commissions paid by the Fund to brokers and dealers in transactions identified for execution primarily on the basis of research and other services provided to the Fund is not included.
Janus Capital and certain sub-advisers do not guarantee any broker the placement of a predetermined amount of securities transactions in return for the research or brokerage services it provides. Janus Capital and such sub-
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advisers do, however, have internal procedures for allocating transactions in a manner consistent with their execution policies to brokers that they have identified as providing research, research-related products or services, or execution-related services of a particular benefit to their clients. Janus Capital and certain sub-advisers have entered into client commission agreements (“CCAs”) with certain broker-dealers under which the broker-dealers may use a portion of their commissions to pay third parties or other broker-dealers that provide Janus Capital and such sub-advisers with research or brokerage services, as permitted under Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. CCAs allow Janus Capital and such sub-advisers to direct broker-dealers to pool commissions that are generated from orders executed at that broker-dealer, and then periodically direct the broker-dealer to pay third parties or other broker-dealers for research or brokerage services. All uses of CCAs by Janus Capital and such sub-advisers are subject to applicable law and their best execution obligations. Brokerage and research products and services furnished by brokers may be used in servicing any or all of the clients of Janus Capital or certain sub-advisers, and such research may not necessarily be used by Janus Capital or such sub-advisers in connection with the same accounts that paid commissions to the broker providing such brokerage and research products and services. Such products and services may not always be used in connection with management of the Funds. Similarly, research and brokerage services paid for with commissions generated by equity trades may be used for fixed-income clients that normally do not pay brokerage commissions or other clients whose commissions are generally not used to obtain such research and brokerage services. Certain sub-advisers may make their own separate arrangements with and maintain internal allocation procedures for allocating transactions to brokers who provide research products and services to encourage them to provide services expected to be useful to their clients, including the Fund.
Janus Capital and certain sub-advisers may also use step-out transactions in order to receive research products and related services. In a step-out transaction, Janus Capital or such sub-advisers direct trades to a broker-dealer with the instruction that the broker-dealer execute the transaction, but “step-out” all or a portion of the transaction or commission in favor of another broker-dealer that provides such products and/or services. The second broker-dealer may clear and settle and receive commissions for the stepped-in portion. In a new issue designation, Janus Capital or certain sub-advisers direct purchase orders to a broker-dealer that is a selling group member or underwriter of an equity or fixed-income new issue offering. Janus Capital or such sub-advisers direct that broker-dealer to designate a portion of the broker-dealer’s commission on the new issue purchase to a second broker-dealer(s) that provides such products and/or services. Given Janus Capital’s and certain sub-advisers’ receipt of such products and services in connection with step-out transactions and new issue designations, Janus Capital and such sub-advisers have an incentive to continue to engage in such transactions; however, Janus Capital and such sub-advisers only intend to utilize step-out transactions and new issue designations when they believe that doing so would not hinder best execution efforts.
When the Fund purchases or sells a security in the over-the-counter market, the transaction takes place directly with a principal market-maker, without the use of a broker, except in those circumstances where, in the opinion of Janus Capital or certain sub-advisers, better prices and executions will be achieved through the use of a broker.
HIML has a policy of seeking to obtain best execution (obtaining the most favorable price and efficient execution). Purchases and sales of debt securities are usually principal transactions and therefore, brokerage commissions are usually not required to be paid by the Funds for such purchases and sales (although the price paid generally includes undisclosed compensation to the dealer). The prices paid to underwriters of newly-issued securities usually include a concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases of after-market securities from dealers normally reflect the spread between the bid and asked prices. In connection with OTC transactions, HIML attempts to deal directly with the principal market makers, except in those circumstances where HIML believes that a better price and execution are available elsewhere.
HIML selects broker-dealers to execute transactions and evaluate the reasonableness of commissions on the basis of quality, quantity, and the nature of the firms’ professional services. Commissions to be charged and the rendering of investment services, including statistical, research, and counseling services by brokerage firms, are factors to be considered in the placing of brokerage business. The types of research services provided by brokers may include general economic and industry data, and information on securities of specific companies.
Research services furnished to HIML or its affiliates by brokers that effect securities transactions for the Funds may be used by HIML or its affiliates in servicing other accounts which HIML or its affiliates manage. Similarly, research services furnished to HIML or its affiliates by brokers that effect securities transactions for other accounts which HIML or its affiliates manage may be used by HIML in servicing the Funds.
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Because the Fund has not yet operated for a full year, historical information relating to the total amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund is not included. The following table lists the total amount of brokerage commissions paid by each Target Fund for the fiscal years ended September 30 for the Janus Target and ended July 31 for the Henderson Target. Neither Target Fund paid any brokerage commissions to an affiliated broker for the past three fiscal years.
Fund Name | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | |||||||||
Global & International | ||||||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | $ | [ ] | $ | 156,543 | $ | 70,263 | ||||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | $ | 65,855 | $ | 75,084 | $ | 64,173 |
Brokerage commissions paid by the Fund may vary significantly from year to year because of portfolio turnover rates, shareholder, broker-dealer, or other financial intermediary purchase/redemption activity, varying market conditions, changes to investment strategies or processes, and other factors.
[As of September 30, 2016, the Target Funds owned securities of their regular broker-dealers (or parents) as shown below:]
Fund Name | Name of Broker-Dealer | Value of Securities Owned | ||||||
Global & International | ||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | [ ] | $ | [ ] | |||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | None | None |
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As stated in the Fund’s Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Shares of each class of the Fund is determined once each day the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open, as of the close of its regular trading session (normally 4:00 p.m., New York time, Monday through Friday). The per share NAV for each class of the Fund is computed by dividing the total value of securities and other assets allocated to the class, less liabilities allocated to that class, by the total number of outstanding shares for the class. Securities held by the Fund are valued in accordance with policies and procedures established by and under the supervision of the Trustees (the “Valuation Procedures”). In determining NAV, equity securities traded on a domestic securities exchange are generally valued at the closing prices on the primary market or exchange on which they trade. If such price is lacking for the trading period immediately preceding the time of determination, such securities are valued at their current bid price. Equity securities that are traded on a foreign exchange are generally valued at the closing prices on such markets. In the event that there is not current trading volume on a particular security in such foreign exchange, the bid price from the primary exchange is generally used to value the security. Securities that are traded on the over-the-counter markets are generally valued at their closing or latest bid prices as available. Foreign securities and currencies are converted to U.S. dollars using the applicable exchange rate in effect at the close of the NYSE. The Fund will determine the market value of individual securities held by it by using prices provided by one or more approved professional pricing services or, as needed, by obtaining market quotations from independent broker-dealers. Most debt securities are valued in accordance with the evaluated bid price supplied by the pricing service that is intended to reflect market value. The evaluated bid price supplied by the pricing service is an evaluation that may consider factors such as security prices, yields, maturities, and ratings. Certain short-term securities maturing within 60 days or less may be evaluated and valued on an amortized cost basis provided that the amortized cost determined approximates market value.
Securities for which market quotations or evaluated prices are not readily available or are deemed unreliable are valued at fair value determined in good faith under the Valuation Procedures. Circumstances in which fair value pricing may be utilized include, but are not limited to: (i) a significant event that may affect the securities of a single issuer, such as a merger, bankruptcy, or significant issuer-specific development; (ii) an event that may affect an entire market, such as a natural disaster or significant governmental action; (iii) a nonsignificant event such as a market closing early or not opening, or a security trading halt; and (iv) pricing of a nonvalued security and a restricted or nonpublic security. Special valuation considerations may apply with respect to “odd-lot” fixed-income transactions which, due to their small size, may receive evaluated prices by pricing services which reflect a large block trade and not what actually could be obtained for the odd-lot position. The Fund uses systematic fair valuation models provided by an independent third party to value international equity securities in order to adjust for stale pricing, which may occur between the close of certain foreign exchanges and the close of the NYSE.
Trading in securities on European and Far Eastern securities exchanges and over-the-counter markets is normally completed well before the close of business on each business day in New York (i.e., a day on which the NYSE is open). In addition, European or Far Eastern securities trading generally or in a particular country or countries may not take place on all business days in New York. Furthermore, trading takes place in Japanese markets on certain Saturdays and in various foreign markets on days which are not business days in New York and on which the Fund’s NAV is not calculated. The Fund calculates its NAV per share, and therefore effects sales, redemptions, and repurchases of its shares, as of the close of the NYSE once each day on which the NYSE is open. Such calculation may not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of the foreign portfolio securities used in such calculation. If an event that is expected to affect the value of a portfolio security occurs after the close of the principal exchange or market on which that security is traded, and before the close of the NYSE, then that security may be valued in good faith under the Valuation Procedures.
To the extent there are any errors in the Fund’s NAV calculation, Janus Capital may, at its discretion, reprocess individual shareholder transactions so that each shareholder’s account reflects the accurate corrected NAV.
With the exception of Class D Shares and Class I Shares, Shares of the Fund can generally be purchased only through institutional channels such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. Class D Shares and Class I
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Shares may be purchased directly with the Fund in certain circumstances as provided in the Fund’s Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus. Not all financial intermediaries offer all classes. Shares or classes of the Fund may be purchased without upfront sales charges by certain retirement plans and clients of investment advisers, but these clients will typically pay asset-based fees for their investment advisers’ advice, which are on top of the Fund’s expenses. Certain Shares or classes of the Fund may also be purchased without upfront sales charges or transactional charges by persons who invest through mutual fund “supermarket” programs of certain financial intermediaries that typically do not provide investment recommendations or the assistance of an investment professional. For an analysis of fees associated with an investment in each share class or other similar funds, please visit www.finra.org/fundanalyzer. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may permit an in-kind purchase of Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class I Shares, Class N Shares, Class S Shares, or Class T Shares.
Certain designated organizations are authorized to receive purchase orders on the Fund’s behalf and those organizations are authorized to designate their agents and affiliates as intermediaries to receive purchase orders. Purchase orders are deemed received by the Fund when authorized organizations, their agents, or affiliates receive the order provided that such designated organizations or their agents or affiliates transmit the order to the Fund within contractually specified periods. The Fund is not responsible for the failure of any designated organization or its agents or affiliates to carry out its obligations to its customers. In order to receive a day’s price, your order for any class of Shares must be received in good order by the close of the regular trading session of the NYSE as described above in “Net Asset Value Determination.” Your financial intermediary may charge you a separate or additional fee for processing purchases of Shares. Your financial intermediary, plan documents, or the Fund’s Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus will provide you with detailed information about investing in the Fund.
Janus has established an Anti-Money Laundering Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). In an effort to ensure compliance with this law, Janus’ Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program, and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.
Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that financial intermediaries have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity, checking shareholder names against designated government lists, including the Office of Foreign Asset Control (“OFAC”), and a review of all new account applications. The Trust does not intend to transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.
Class A Shares
The price you pay for Class A Shares is the public offering price, which is the NAV next determined after the Fund or its agent receives in good order your order plus an initial sales charge, if applicable, based on the amount invested as set forth in the table. The Fund receives the NAV. The sales charge is allocated between your financial intermediary and Janus Distributors, the Trust’s distributor, as shown in the table, except where Janus Distributors, in its discretion, allocates up to the entire amount to your financial intermediary. Sales charges, as expressed as a percentage of offering price, a percentage of your net investment, and as a percentage of the sales charge reallowed to financial intermediaries, are shown in the table. The dollar amount of your initial sales charge is calculated as the difference between the public offering price and the NAV of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of your sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower than the amounts set forth in the table depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding. Although you pay no initial sales charge on purchases of $1,000,000 or more, Janus Distributors may pay, from its own resources, a commission to your financial intermediary on such investments.
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Amount of Purchase at Offering Price | Sales Charge as a Percentage of Offering Price* | Sales Charge as a Percentage of Net Amount Invested | Amount of Sales Charge Reallowed to Financial Intermediaries as a Percentage of Offering Price | |||||||||
Equity Funds | ||||||||||||
Under $50,000 | 5.75 | % | 6.10 | % | 5.00 | % | ||||||
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 4.50 | % | 4.71 | % | 3.75 | % | ||||||
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 3.50 | % | 3.63 | % | 2.75 | % | ||||||
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.00 | % | ||||||
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | 1.60 | % | ||||||
$1,000,000 but under $4,000,000** | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||
$4,000,000 but under $10,000,000** | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||||
$10,000,000 and above** | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.25 | % |
* | Offering Price includes the initial sales charge. |
** | A contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% may apply to Class A Shares purchased without an initial sales charge if redeemed within 12 months of purchase. |
As described in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, there are several ways you can combine multiple purchases of Class A Shares of the Fund and other Janus funds that are offered with a sales charge to take advantage of lower sales charges.
Because the Fund has not yet operated for a full year, historical information relating to the aggregate amount of underwriting commissions paid to Janus Distributors from proceeds of initial sales charges paid by investors on Class A Shares is not included. The following table shows the aggregate amount of underwriting commissions paid by the Janus Target to Janus Distributors and by the Henderson Target to Foreside Fund Services, LLC (“Foreside”) from proceeds of initial sales charges paid by investors on Class A Shares (substantially all of which were paid out to financial intermediaries) for the fiscal years ended September 30 for the Janus Target and ended July 31 for the Henderson Target.
Aggregate Sales Commissions | ||||||||||||
Fund Name | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | |||||||||
Global & International | ||||||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares | $ 979 | $ 6,357 | ||||||||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares | $18,642 | $28,124 | $73,788 |
During the fiscal years ended September 30 for the Janus Target and ended July 31 for the Henderson Target, Janus Distributors and Foreside retained the following upfront sales charges.
Upfront Sales Charges Retained | ||||||||||||
Fund Name | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | |||||||||
Global & International | ||||||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares | $[ ] | $ 153 | $1,025 | |||||||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares | $ 1,919 | $2,116 | $5,536 |
Class C Shares, Class D Shares, Class I Shares, Class N Shares, Class S Shares, and Class T Shares
Class C Shares, Class D Shares, Class I Shares, Class N Shares, Class S Shares, and Class T Shares of the Funds are purchased at the NAV per share as determined at the close of the regular trading session of the NYSE next occurring after a purchase order is received in good order by a Fund or its authorized agent.
Janus Distributors also receives amounts pursuant to Class A Share, Class C Share,, and Class S Share 12b-1 plans and, from Class A Shares and Class C Shares, proceeds of contingent deferred sales charges paid by investors upon certain redemptions, as detailed in the “Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans” and “Redemptions” sections, respectively, of this SAI.
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Commission on Class C Shares
Janus Distributors may compensate your financial intermediary at the time of sale at a commission rate of up to 1.00% of the NAV of the Class C Shares purchased. Service providers to qualified plans will not receive this amount if they receive 12b-1 fees from the time of initial investment of qualified plan assets in Class C Shares.
Class A Shares and Class S Shares
As described in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, Class A Shares, and Class S Shares have each adopted distribution and shareholder servicing plans (the “Class A Plan” and “Class S Plan,” respectively) in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The Plans are compensation type plans and permit the payment at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of Class A Shares and Class S Shares of the Fund for activities that are primarily intended to result in the sale and/or shareholder servicing of Class A Shares or Class S Shares of the Fund, including, but not limited to, printing and delivering prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements, and marketing materials related to Class A Shares and Class S Shares to prospective and existing investors; providing educational materials regarding Class A Shares and Class S Shares; providing facilities to answer questions from prospective and existing investors about the Fund; receiving and answering correspondence; complying with federal and state securities laws pertaining to the sale of Class A Shares and Class S Shares; assisting investors in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options; and any other activities for which “service fees” may be paid under Rule 2830 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) Conduct Rules. Payments under the Plans are not tied exclusively to actual distribution and shareholder service expenses, and the payments may exceed distribution and shareholder service expenses actually incurred. Payments are made to Janus Distributors, the Fund’s distributor, who may make ongoing payments to financial intermediaries based on the value of Fund shares held by such intermediaries’ customers. On December 5, 2008, the Trustees unanimously approved a distribution plan with respect to each of the Class A Shares and Class S Shares, which became effective on July 6, 2009.
Class C Shares
As described in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, Class C Shares have adopted a distribution and shareholder servicing plan (the “Class C Plan”) in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The Class C Plan is a compensation type plan and permits the payment at an annual rate of up to 0.75% of the average daily net assets of Class C Shares of the Fund for activities which are primarily intended to result in the sale of Class C Shares of the Fund. In addition, the Plan permits the payment of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of Class C Shares of the Fund for shareholder servicing activities including, but not limited to, providing facilities to answer questions from existing investors about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting investors in changing dividend and other account options and any other activities for which “service fees” may be paid under Rule 2830 of the FINRA Conduct Rules. Payments under the Class C Plan are not tied exclusively to actual distribution and shareholder service expenses, and the payments may exceed distribution and shareholder service expenses actually incurred. On December 5, 2008, the Trustees unanimously approved the Class C Plan, which became effective on July 6, 2009.
The Plans and any Rule 12b-1 related agreement that is entered into by the Fund or Janus Distributors in connection with the Plans will continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of a majority of the Trustees, and of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plans or any related agreements (“12b-1 Trustees”). All material amendments to any Plan must be approved by a majority vote of the Trustees, including a majority of the 12b-1 Trustees, at a meeting called for that purpose. In addition, any Plan may be terminated as to the Fund at any time, without penalty, by vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares of that Class of the Fund or by vote of a majority of the 12b-1 Trustees.
Janus Distributors is entitled to retain all fees paid under the Class C Plan for the first 12 months on any investment in Class C Shares to recoup its expenses with respect to the payment of commissions on sales of Class C Shares. Financial intermediaries will become eligible for compensation under the Class C Plan beginning in the 13th month following the purchase of Class C Shares, although Janus Distributors may, pursuant to a written agreement between Janus Distributors and a particular financial intermediary, pay such financial intermediary 12b-1 fees prior to the 13th month following the purchase of Class C Shares.
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Because the Fund has not yet operated for a full year, historical information relating to the dollar amounts, and the manner of use, of 12b-1 payments under each Class’ respective Plan paid to Janus Distributors is not included. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 for the Janus Target and ended July 31, 2016 for the Henderson Target, under each Class’ respective Rule 12b-1 Plan, Class A Shares, Class C Shares, and Class S Shares of the Janus Target and Class A Shares and Class C Shares of the Henderson Target in total paid $[ ] to Janus Distributors (substantially all of which Janus Distributors paid out as compensation to broker-dealers and other service providers) and $[ ] to Foreside, respectively. The dollar amounts and the manner in which these 12b-1 payments were utilized are summarized below.
Fund Name | Advertising and Literature | Prospectus Preparation, Printing and Mailing | Payment to Brokers | |||||||||
Global & International |
| |||||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares | ||||||||||||
Class C Shares | ||||||||||||
Class S Shares | ||||||||||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares | ||||||||||||
Class C Shares |
Redemptions, like purchases, may generally be effected only through institutional channels such as financial intermediaries and retirement platforms. Class D Shares and, in certain circumstances, Class I Shares may be redeemed directly with the Fund. Certain designated organizations are authorized to receive redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf and those organizations are authorized to designate their agents and affiliates as intermediaries to receive redemption orders.
Redemption orders are deemed received by the Fund when authorized organizations, their agents, or affiliates receive the order. The Fund is not responsible for the failure of any designated organization or its agents or affiliates to carry out its obligations to its customers.
Certain large shareholders, such as other funds, institutional investors, financial intermediaries, individuals, accounts, and Janus affiliates, may from time to time own (beneficially or of record) or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares. Redemptions by these large shareholders of their holdings in the Fund may cause the Fund to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact a Fund’s NAV and liquidity. Similarly, large Fund share purchases may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent the Fund is delayed in investing new cash and is required to maintain a larger cash position than it ordinarily would. These transactions may also accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments result in gains, and may also increase transaction costs. In addition, a large redemption could result in the Fund’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, which could lead to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio.
Shares normally will be redeemed for cash, although the Fund retains the right to redeem some or all of its shares in-kind under unusual circumstances, in order to protect the interests of remaining shareholders, to accommodate a request by a particular shareholder that does not adversely affect the interests of the remaining shareholders, or in connection with the liquidation of the Fund, by delivery of securities selected from its assets at its discretion. However, the Fund is governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, which requires the Fund to redeem shares solely for cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of that Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, a Fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in-kind. In-kind payment means payment will be made in portfolio securities rather than cash, and may potentially include illiquid securities. Illiquid securities may not be able to be sold quickly or at a price that reflects full value, or there may not be a market for such securities, which could cause the redeeming shareholder to realize losses on the security if the security is sold at a price lower than that at which it had been
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valued. If the Fund makes an in-kind payment, the redeeming shareholder may incur brokerage costs in converting the assets to cash, whereas such costs are borne by the Fund for cash redemptions. The method of valuing securities used to make redemptions in-kind will be the same as the method of valuing portfolio securities described under “Shares of the Trust – Net Asset Value Determination” and such valuation will be made as of the same time the redemption price is determined.
The Fund reserves the right to postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. Additionally, the right to require the Fund to redeem its Shares may be suspended, or the date of payment may be postponed beyond seven calendar days, whenever: (i) trading on the NYSE is restricted, as determined by the SEC, or the NYSE is closed (except for holidays and weekends); (ii) the SEC permits such suspension and so orders; or (iii) an emergency exists as determined by the SEC so that disposal of securities or determination of NAV is not reasonably practicable.
Class A Shares
A contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) of 1.00% will be deducted with respect to Class A Shares purchased without a sales load and redeemed within 12 months of purchase, unless waived, as discussed in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus. Any applicable CDSC will be 1.00% of the lesser of the original purchase price or the value of the redemption of the Class A Shares redeemed.
Class C Shares
A CDSC of 1.00% will be deducted with respect to Class C Shares redeemed within 12 months of purchase, unless waived, as discussed in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus. Any applicable CDSC will be 1.00% of the lesser of the original purchase price or the value of the redemption of the Class C Shares redeemed.
Because the Fund has not yet operated for a full year, historical information relating to the total amounts received by Janus Distributors from the proceeds of contingent deferred sales charges paid by investors upon certain redemptions of Class A Shares and Class C Shares is not included.
For the fiscal years ended September 30 for the Janus Target and July 31 for the Henderson Target, the total amounts received by Janus Distributors from the Janus Target and by Foreside from the Henderson Target from the proceeds of contingent deferred sales charges paid by investors upon certain redemptions of Class A Shares and Class C Shares are summarized below.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charges | ||||||||||||
Fund Name | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | |||||||||
Global & International | ||||||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares | $ | [ ] | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Class C Shares | $ | [ ] | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | ||||||||||||
Class A Shares | $ | 1,844 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Class C Shares | $ | 120 | $ | 436 | $ | 247 |
Processing or Service Fees
Broker-dealers may charge their customers a processing or service fee in connection with the purchase or redemption of Fund shares. Each individual dealer determines and should disclose to its customers the amount and applicability of such a fee. Processing or service fees typically are fixed, nominal dollar amounts and are in addition to the sales and other charges described in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus and this SAI. Consult your broker-dealer for specific information about any processing or service fees you may be charged.
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INCOMEDIVIDENDS,CAPITALGAINSDISTRIBUTIONS,ANDTAXSTATUS
The following is intended to be a general summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the Fund. It is not intended to be a complete discussion of all such federal income tax consequences, nor does it purport to deal with all categories of investors. This discussion reflects applicable tax laws of the United States as of the date of this SAI. However, tax laws may change or be subject to new interpretation by the courts or the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), possibly with retroactive effect. Investors are therefore advised to consult with their own tax advisers before making an investment in the Fund.
It is a policy of the Fund to make distributions of substantially all of their respective net investment income and any realized net capital gains at least annually. Any net capital gains realized during each fiscal year, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, are normally declared and payable to shareholders in December but, if necessary, may be distributed at other times as well. The Fund intends to declare and make at least annual distributions of net investment income (including any realized net capital gains, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code) to shareholders.
Fund Taxation
The Fund intends to qualify as regulated investment companies by satisfying certain requirements prescribed by Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. If the Fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company in any taxable year, the Fund may be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would generally be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income but may, at least in part, qualify for the dividends received deduction applicable to corporations or the reduced rate of taxation applicable to noncorporate holders for “qualified dividend income.” In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay taxes and interest, and make distributions before requalifying as regulated investment companies that are accorded special federal income tax treatment.
A federal excise tax at the rate of 4% will be imposed on the excess, if any, of the Fund’s “required distribution” over actual distributions in any calendar year. Generally, the “required distribution” is 98% of the Fund’s ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income recognized during the one-year period ending on October 31 plus undistributed amounts from prior years. The Fund intends to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax.
Certain transactions involving short sales, futures, options, swap agreements, hedged investments, and other similar transactions, if any, may be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that, among other things, may affect the character, amount, and timing of distributions to shareholders. The Fund will monitor its transactions and may make certain tax elections where applicable in order to mitigate the effect of these provisions, if possible. In certain circumstances, the Fund may be required to accrue income on an investment prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments. However, the Fund must distribute to shareholders, at least annually, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), including such accrued income, to avoid federal income and excise taxes. In certain cases, the Fund may have to distribute cash obtained from other sources in order to satisfy the distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code. Therefore, the Fund may have to dispose of its portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash, or may have to leverage itself by borrowing the cash, to satisfy these distribution requirements.
The Fund may acquire market discount bonds. A market discount bond is a security acquired in the secondary market at a price below its redemption value (or its adjusted issue price if it is also an original issue discount bond). If the Fund invests in a market discount bond, it generally will be required to treat any gain recognized on the disposition of such market discount bond as ordinary income (instead of capital gain) to the extent of the accrued market discount, unless the Fund elects to include the market discount in income as it accrues.
The Fund’s investments in lower-rated or unrated debt securities may present issues for that Fund if the issuers of these securities default on their obligations because the federal income tax consequences to a holder of such securities are not certain.
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The Fund may purchase securities of certain foreign corporations considered to be passive foreign investment companies under the Internal Revenue Code. In order to avoid taxes and interest that must be paid by the Fund, the Fund may make various elections permitted by the tax laws. However, these elections could require that the Fund recognize taxable income, which in turn must be distributed even though the Fund may not have received any income upon such an event.
Some foreign securities purchased by the Fund may be subject to foreign taxes which could reduce the yield on such securities. If the amount of foreign taxes is significant in a particular year, the Fund that qualifies under Section 853 of the Internal Revenue Code may elect to pass through such taxes to shareholders. If a Fund makes such an election, foreign taxes paid by the Fund will be reported to shareholders as income and shareholders may claim either a foreign tax credit or deduction for such taxes, subject to certain limitations. If such election is not made by the Fund, any foreign taxes paid or accrued will represent an expense to the Fund, which will reduce its investment company taxable income.
Under the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues income or receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, on disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency and on disposition of certain other instruments, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also may be treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the Internal Revenue Code as “Section 988” gains or losses, may increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income.
To the extent the Fund invests in foreign securities, it may utilize foreign currency contracts in an effort to limit foreign currency risk. The value of foreign currently contracts can vary widely from month-to-month, which may result in gains one month and losses the next month. If the Fund distributes such gains during a monthly distribution (if applicable) and subsequently realizes foreign currency losses due to exchange rate fluctuations, such distribution could constitute a return of capital to shareholders for federal income tax purposes. The Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities, if any, may require the Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. The Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities may result in the receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings. If the Fund distributes such amounts, such distribution could constitute a return of capital to shareholders for federal income tax purposes.
Some REITs are permitted to hold “residual interests” in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”). Pursuant to an IRS notice, a portion of the Fund’s income from a REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a REMIC (referred to in the Internal Revenue Code as an “excess inclusion”) may be subject to federal income tax in all events. Excess inclusion income will normally be allocated to shareholders in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest directly. There may be instances in which the Fund may be unaware of a REIT’s excess inclusion income. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders: (a) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions); (b) will constitute unrelated business taxable income to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on unrelated business income, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a federal income tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income; and (c) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a “disqualified organization” (as defined by the Internal Revenue Code) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. This may impact the Fund’s performance.
The Fund’s investments in REITs may require the Fund to pass through certain “excess inclusion income” as “unrelated business taxable income” (“UBTI”). Tax-exempt investors sensitive to UBTI are strongly encouraged to consult their tax advisers prior to investment in the Fund regarding recent IRS pronouncements about the treatment of such income for certain tax-exempt investors.
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The application of certain requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company and the application of certain other federal income tax rules may be unclear in some respects in connection with investments in certain derivatives and other investments. As a result, the Fund may be required to limit the extent to which it invests in such investments and it is also possible that the IRS may not agree with the Fund’s treatment of such investments. In addition, the tax treatment of derivatives and certain other investments may be affected by future legislation, treasury regulations, and guidance issued by the IRS (which could apply retroactively) that could affect the timing, character, and amount of the Fund’s income and gains and distributions to shareholders, affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions and otherwise satisfied the requirements to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid federal income and excise taxes, or limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in certain derivatives and other investments in the future.
Generally, the character of the income or capital gains that the Fund receives from another investment company will pass through to the Fund’s shareholders as long as the Fund and the other investment company each qualify as regulated investment companies. However, to the extent that another investment company that qualifies as a regulated investment company realizes net losses on its investments for a given taxable year, the Fund will not be able to recognize its share of those losses until it disposes of shares of such investment company. Moreover, even when the Fund does make such a disposition, a portion of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably for federal income tax purposes as an ordinary deduction. In particular, the Fund will not be able to offset any capital losses from its dispositions of shares of other investment companies against its ordinary income. As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, it is possible that the amounts of net investment income and net capital gains that the Fund will be required to distribute to shareholders will be greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the investment companies in which it invests, rather than investing in shares of the investment companies. For similar reasons, the character of distributions from the Fund (e.g., long-term capital gain, qualified dividend income, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the investment companies in which it invests.
The Fund may treat a portion of the amount paid to redeem shares as a distribution of investment company taxable income and realized capital gains that are reflected in the net asset value. This practice, commonly referred to as “equalization,” has no effect on the redeeming shareholder or the Fund’s total return, but may reduce the amounts that would otherwise be required to be paid as taxable dividends to the remaining shareholders. It is possible that the IRS could challenge the Fund’s equalization methodology or calculations, and any such challenge could result in additional tax, interest, or penalties to be paid by the Fund.
Shareholder Taxation
All income dividends and capital gains distributions, if any, on the Fund’s Shares are reinvested automatically in additional shares of the same class of Shares of that Fund at the NAV determined on the first business day following the record date, unless the shareholder has elected to receive distributions in cash. Shareholders will be subject to federal income taxes on distributions made by the Fund whether received in cash or additional shares of the Fund. Distributions from the Fund’s net investment income (which includes dividends, interest, net short-term capital gains, and net gains from foreign currency transactions), if any, generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income, unless such distributions are attributable to “qualified dividend income” eligible for the reduced federal income tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. Dividends received from REITs and certain foreign corporations generally will not constitute qualified dividend income. Distributions of a Fund’s net capital gains (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses), if any, are taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long shares of the Fund were held. Long-term capital gains are taxable to noncorporate investors at a maximum federal income tax rate of 20%. Dividends paid by the Fund may also qualify in part for the 70% dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided that certain holding period and other requirements under the Internal Revenue Code are satisfied. Generally, however, dividends received from most REITs and on stocks of foreign issuers are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction when distributed to the Fund’s corporate shareholders. Distributions from the Fund may also be subject to foreign, state, and local income taxes. Please consult a tax adviser regarding the tax consequences of Fund distributions and to determine whether you will need to file a tax return.
Distributions declared by the Fund during October, November, or December to shareholders of record during such month and paid by January 31 of the following year will be taxable in the year they are declared, rather than the year in which they are received. The Fund will notify its shareholders each year of the amount and type of dividends and distributions it paid.
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Gain or loss realized upon a redemption or other disposition (such as an exchange) of shares of the Fund by a shareholder will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and, if not held for such period, as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss on the sale or exchange of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions paid to the shareholder with respect to such shares. Any loss a shareholder realizes on a sale or exchange of shares of the Fund will be disallowed if the shareholder acquires other shares of the Fund (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) or substantially identical stock or securities within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shareholder’s sale or exchange of the shares. In such case, the shareholder’s tax basis in the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Capital losses may be subject to limitations on their use by a shareholder.
When a shareholder opens an account, IRS regulations require that the shareholder provide a taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), certify that it is correct, and certify that he, she, or it is not subject to backup withholding. If a shareholder fails to provide a TIN or the proper tax certifications, the Fund is required to withhold 28% of all distributions (including dividends and capital gain distributions) and redemption proceeds paid to the shareholder. The Fund is also required to begin backup withholding on an account if the IRS instructs it to do so. Amounts withheld may be applied to the shareholder’s federal income tax liability and the shareholder may obtain a refund from the IRS if withholding results in an overpayment of federal income tax for such year.
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold amount.
The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law as applied to U.S. investors.
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The following are the Trustees and officers of the Trust, together with a brief description of their principal occupations during the last five years (principal occupations for certain Trustees may include periods over five years). As of the date of this SAI, none of the Trustees are “interested persons” of Janus Capital as that term is defined by the 1940 Act.
Each Trustee has served in that capacity since he or she was originally elected or appointed. The Trustees do not serve a specified term of office. Each Trustee will hold office until the termination of the Trust or his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement, incapacity, or removal. Under the Fund’s Governance Procedures and Guidelines, the policy is for Trustees to retire no later than the end of the calendar year in which the Trustee turns 75. The Trustees review the Fund’s Governance Procedures and Guidelines from time to time and may make changes they deem appropriate. The Fund’s Nominating and Governance Committee will consider nominees for the position of Trustee recommended by shareholders. Shareholders may submit the name of a candidate for consideration by the Committee by submitting their recommendations to the Trust’s Secretary. Each Trustee is currently a Trustee of one other registered investment company advised by Janus Capital: Janus Aspen Series. As of the date of this SAI, collectively, the two registered investment companies consist of [ ] series or funds.
The Trust’s officers are elected annually by the Trustees for a one-year term. Certain officers also serve as officers of Janus Aspen Series. Certain officers of the Fund may also be officers and/or directors of Janus Capital. Fund officers receive no compensation from the Fund, except for the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, as authorized by the Trustees.
TRUSTEES | ||||||||||
Name, Address, and Age | Positions Held with the Trust | Length of Time Served | Principal Occupations During the Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios/Funds in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years | |||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||||
William F. McCalpin 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1957 | Chairman
Trustee | 1/08-Present
6/02-Present | Managing Partner, Impact Investments, Athena Capital Advisors LLC (independent registered investment advisor) (since 2016) and Managing Director, Holos Consulting LLC (provides consulting services to foundations and other nonprofit organizations). Formerly, Chief Executive Officer, Imprint Capital (impact investment firm) (2013-2015) and Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of The Rockefeller Brothers Fund (a private family foundation) (1998-2006). | [ ] | Director of Mutual Fund Directors Forum (a non-profit organization serving independent directors of U.S. mutual funds), Chairman of the Board and Director of The Investment Fund for Foundations Investment Program (TIP) (consisting of 2 funds), and Director of the F.B. Heron Foundation (a private grantmaking foundation). |
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TRUSTEES | ||||||||||
Name, Address, and Age | Positions Held with the Trust | Length of Time Served | Principal Occupations During the Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios/Funds in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years | |||||
Alan A. Brown 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1962 | Trustee | 1/13-Present | Executive Vice President, Institutional Markets, of Dividend Capital Group (private equity real estate investment management firm) (since 2012). Formerly, Executive Vice President and Co-Head, Global Private Client Group (2007- 2010), Executive Vice President, Mutual Funds (2005-2007), and Chief Marketing Officer (2001-2005) of Nuveen Investments, Inc. (asset management). | [ ] | Director of WTTW (PBS affiliate) (since 2003). Formerly, Director of MotiveQuest LLC (strategic social market research company) (2003-2016); Director of Nuveen Global Investors LLC (2007-2011); Director of Communities in Schools (2004-2010); and Director of Mutual Fund Education Alliance (until 2010). | |||||
William D. Cvengros 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1948 | Trustee | 1/11-Present | Managing Member and Chief Executive Officer of SJC Capital, LLC (a personal investment company and consulting firm) (since 2002). Formerly, Venture Partner for The Edgewater Funds (a middle market private equity firm) (2002-2004); Chief Executive Officer and President of PIMCO Advisors Holdings L.P. (a publicly traded investment management firm) (1994-2000); and Chief Investment Officer of Pacific Life Insurance Company (a mutual life insurance and annuity company) (1987-1994). | [ ] | Advisory Board Member, Innovate Partners Emerging Growth and Equity Fund I (early stage venture capital fund) (since 2014) and Managing Trustee of National Retirement Partners Liquidating Trust (since 2013). Formerly, Chairman, National Retirement Partners, Inc. (formerly a network of advisors to 401(k) plans) (2005-2013); Director of Prospect Acquisition Corp. (a special purpose acquisition corporation) (2007-2009); Director of RemedyTemp, Inc. (temporary help services company) (1996-2006); and Trustee of PIMCO Funds Multi-Manager Series (1990-2000) and Pacific Life Variable Life & Annuity Trusts (1987-1994). |
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TRUSTEES | ||||||||||
Name, Address, and Age | Positions Held with the Trust | Length of Time Served | Principal Occupations During the Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios/Funds in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years | |||||
Raudline Etienne 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1965 | Trustee | 6/16-Present | Senior Advisor, Albright Stonebridge Group LLC (global strategy firm) (since 2016). Formerly, Senior Vice President (2011-2015), Albright Stonebridge Group LLC; and Deputy Comptroller and Chief Investment Officer, New York State Common Retirement Fund (public pension fund) (2008-2011). | [ ] | Director of Brightwood Capital Advisors, LLC (since 2014). | |||||
Gary A. Poliner 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1953 | Trustee | 6/16-Present | Retired. Formerly, President (2010-2013) and Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer (2009-2012) of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. | [ ] | Director of MGIC Investment Corporation (private mortgage insurance) (since 2013) and West Bend Mutual Insurance Company (property/casualty insurance) (since 2013). Formerly, Trustee of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company (2010-2013); Chairman and Director of Northwestern Mutual Series Fund, Inc. (2010-2012); and Director of Frank Russell Company (global asset management firm) (2008-2013). | |||||
James T. Rothe 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1943 | Trustee | 1/97-Present | Co-founder and Managing Director of Roaring Fork Capital SBIC, L.P. (SBA SBIC fund focusing on private investment in public equity firms), and Professor Emeritus of Business of the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO (since 2004). Formerly, Professor of Business of the University of | [ ] | Formerly, Director of Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc. (RRGB) (2004-2014). |
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TRUSTEES | ||||||||||
Name, Address, and Age | Positions Held with the Trust | Length of Time Served | Principal Occupations During the Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios/Funds in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years | |||||
Colorado (2002-2004), and Distinguished Visiting Professor of Business (2001-2002) of Thunderbird (American Graduate School of International Management), Glendale, AZ. | ||||||||||
William D. Stewart 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1944 | Trustee | 6/84-Present | Retired. Formerly, Corporate Vice President and General Manager of MKS Instruments – HPS Products, Boulder, CO (a manufacturer of vacuum fittings and valves) and PMFC Division, Andover, MA (manufacturing pressure measurement and flow products) (1976-2012). | [ ] | None | |||||
Linda S. Wolf 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1947 | Trustee | 11/05-Present | Retired. Formerly, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Leo Burnett (Worldwide) (advertising agency) (2001-2005). | [ ] | Director of Chicago Community Trust (Regional Community Foundation), Chicago Council on Global Affairs, InnerWorkings (U.S. provider of print procurement solutions to corporate clients), Lurie Children’s Hospital (Chicago, IL), Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Walmart, and Wrapports, LLC (digital communications company). Formerly, Director of Chicago Convention & Tourism Bureau (until 2014) and The Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, IL) (until 2014). |
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The Board of Trustees has approved an increase in the size of the Board of Trustees of the Trust from eight to nine members and has nominated Diane L. Wallace as a trustee nominee to stand for election as a Trustee. As a result, the individuals comprising the Board of Trustees of the Trust may change. Additional information about the trustee nominee is set forth in the table below.
TRUSTEE NOMINEE | ||||||||||
Name, Address, and Age | Positions Held with the Trust | Length of Time Served | Principal Occupations During the Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios/Funds in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years | |||||
Diane L. Wallace 737 N. Michigan Ave. Suite 1700 Chicago, IL 60611 DOB: 1958 | Trustee Nominee | N/A | Retired. | None | Independent Trustee, Henderson Global Funds (13 portfolios) (since 2015); Independent Trustee, State Farm Associates’ Funds Trust, State Farm Mutual Fund Trust and State Farm Variable Product Trust (28 portfolios) (since 2013). |
OFFICERS | ||||||
Name, Address, and Age | Positions Held with the Trust | Term of Office* and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupations During the Past Five Years | |||
[To be updated] | ||||||
Bruce L. Koepfgen 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1952 | President and Chief Executive Officer | 7/14-Present | President of Janus Capital Group Inc. and Janus Capital Management LLC (since 2013); Executive Vice President and Director of Janus International Holding LLC (since 2011); Executive Vice President of Janus Distributors LLC (since 2011); Executive Vice President and Working Director of INTECH Investment Management LLC (since 2011); Executive Vice President and Director of Perkins Investment Management LLC (since 2011); and Executive Vice President and Director of Janus Management Holdings Corporation (since 2011). Formerly, Executive Vice President of Janus Services LLC (2011-2015), Janus Capital Group Inc. and Janus Capital Management LLC (2011-2013); and Chief Financial Officer of Janus Capital Group Inc., Janus Capital Management LLC, Janus Distributors LLC, Janus Management Holdings Corporation, and Janus Services LLC (2011-2013). | |||
David R. Kowalski 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1957 | Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Anti-Money Laundering Officer | 6/02-Present | Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of Janus Capital, Janus Distributors LLC, and Janus Services LLC; Vice President of INTECH Investment Management LLC and Perkins Investment Management LLC; and Director of The Janus Foundation. | |||
Jesper Nergaard 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1962 | Chief Financial Officer, Vice President, Treasurer, and Principal Accounting Officer | 3/05-Present 2/05-Present | Vice President of Janus Capital and Janus Services LLC. |
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OFFICERS | ||||||
Name, Address, and Age | Positions Held with the Trust | Term of Office* and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupations During the Past Five Years | |||
Kathryn L. Santoro 151 Detroit Street Denver, CO 80206 DOB: 1974 | Vice President, Chief Legal Counsel, and Secretary | 12/16-Present | Formerly, Vice President and Associate Counsel of Curian Capital, LLC and Curian Clearing LLC (2013-2016); and General Counsel and Secretary (2011-2012) and Vice President (2009-2012) of Old Mutual Capital, Inc. |
* | Officers are elected at least annually by the Trustees for a one-year term and may also be elected from time to time by the Trustees for an interim period. |
As discussed below, the Board’s Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for identifying and recommending candidates for nomination or election by the Board based on a variety of diverse criteria. In its most recent evaluation of the qualifications of each Trustee as part of the Board’s annual self-evaluation process, the Committee and the Board considered the totality of the information available to them, including the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills, as noted below, and concluded that each of the Trustees should serve as members of the Board of Trustees based on the Trust’s business structure. In reaching these conclusions, the Committee and the Board, in the exercise of their reasonable business judgment, evaluated each Trustee based on his or her specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills on an individual basis and in combination with the other Trustees, none of which by itself was considered dispositive.
Alan A. Brown: Service as Executive Vice President and as Chief Marketing Officer of a leading investment management firm, a corporate and fund director, and as an executive with a private equity real estate investment management firm, and a Fund Independent Trustee since 2013.
William D. Cvengros: Service as Chief Executive Officer and President of a leading publicly traded investment management firm, Chief Investment Officer of a major life insurance company, a corporate and fund director, and in various capacities with private investment firms, and a Fund Independent Trustee since 2011.
Raudline Etienne: Service as Deputy Controller and Chief Investment Officer of a large public pension fund, Senior Vice President and Senior Advisor to a global strategy firm, and a Fund Independent Trustee since 2016.
William F. McCalpin: Service as Chief Operating Officer of a large private family foundation, Chairman and Director of an unaffiliated fund complex, and a Fund Independent Trustee since 2002 and Independent Chairman of the Board of Trustees since 2008.
Gary A. Poliner: Service as President, and Vice President and Chief Risk Officer, of a large life insurance company, a director of private companies, service as director and Chairman and Director of unaffiliated fund complexes, and a Fund Independent Trustee since 2016.
James T. Rothe: Co-founder and Managing Director of a private investment firm, former business school professor, service as a corporate director, and a Fund Independent Trustee since 1997.
William D. Stewart: Service as a corporate vice president of a NASDAQ-listed industrial manufacturer and a Fund Independent Trustee since 1984.
Linda S. Wolf: Service as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of a global advertising firm, service on multiple corporate and nonprofit boards, and a Fund Independent Trustee since 2005.
General Information Regarding the Board of Trustees and Leadership Structure
The Trust is governed by the Board of Trustees, which is responsible for and oversees the management and operations of the Trust and each of the Janus funds on behalf of fund shareholders. Each member of the Board is an Independent Trustee, including the Board’s Chairman. The Board’s responsibilities include, but are not limited to, oversight of the Janus funds’ officers and service providers, including Janus Capital, which is responsible for the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The Trustees approve all of the agreements entered into with the Janus funds’ service providers, including the investment management agreements with Janus Capital and any applicable sub-adviser. The Trustees are also responsible for determining or changing each Janus fund’s investment objective(s), policies, and
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available investment techniques, as well as for overseeing the Janus funds’ Chief Compliance Officer. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Trustees are assisted by the Trust’s independent auditor (who reports directly to the Trust’s Audit Committee), independent counsel, an independent fee consultant, and other specialists as appropriate, all of whom are selected by the Trustees. The Trustees also meet regularly without representatives of Janus Capital or its affiliates present.
The Trustees discharge their responsibilities collectively as a Board, as well as through Board committees, each of which operates pursuant to a Board-approved charter that delineates the specific responsibilities of that committee. For example, the Board as a whole is responsible for oversight of the annual process by which the Board considers and approves each fund’s investment advisory agreement with Janus Capital, but specific matters related to oversight of the Janus funds’ independent auditors have been delegated by the Board to its Audit Committee, subject to approval of the Audit Committee’s recommendations by the Board. The members and responsibilities of each Board committee are summarized below. In addition to serving on certain committees, the Chairman of the Board (“Board Chairman”) is responsible for presiding at all meetings of the Board, and has other duties as may be assigned by the Trustees from time to time. The Board Chairman also serves as the Board’s liaison to Janus Capital with respect to all matters related to the Janus funds that are not otherwise delegated to the chair of a Board committee. The Board has determined that this leadership structure is appropriate based on (1) the number of Janus funds overseen and the various investment objectives of those funds; (2) the manner in which the Janus funds’ shares are marketed and distributed; and (3) the responsibilities entrusted to Janus Capital and its affiliates to oversee the Trust’s day-to-day operations, including the management of each Janus fund’s holdings and the distribution of fund shares. On an annual basis, the Board conducts a self-evaluation that considers, among other matters, whether the Board and its committees are functioning effectively and whether, given the size and composition of the Board and each of its committees, the Trustees are able to oversee effectively the number of Janus funds in the complex.
Committees of the Board
The Board of Trustees has six standing committees that each perform specialized functions: an Audit Committee, Brokerage Committee, Investment Oversight Committee, Legal and Regulatory Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee, and Pricing Committee. The table below shows the committee members as of the date of this SAI. The composition of certain committees was different throughout the fiscal year. Each committee is comprised entirely of Independent Trustees. Information about each committee’s functions is provided in the following table:
Summary of Functions | Members* (Independent Trustees) | Number of Meetings Held During | ||||
Audit Committee | Reviews the financial reporting process, the system of internal controls over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures, Form N-CSR filings, and the audit process. The Committee’s review of the audit process includes, among other things, the appointment, compensation, and oversight of the Trust’s independent auditor and preapproval of all audit and nonaudit services. | William D. Cvengros (Chair) Gary A. Poliner William D. Stewart | [ ] | |||
Brokerage Committee | Reviews and makes recommendations regarding matters related to the Trust’s use of brokerage commissions and placement of portfolio transactions. | Alan A. Brown (Chair) James T. Rothe William D. Stewart | [ ] | |||
Investment Oversight Committee | Oversees the investment activities of the Trust’s funds and reviews various matters related to the operations of the Janus money market funds, including compliance with their Money Market Fund Procedures. | William F. McCalpin (Chair) Alan A. Brown William D. Cvengros(1) Raudline Etienne Gary A. Poliner James T. Rothe William D. Stewart Linda S. Wolf | [ ] |
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Summary of Functions | Members* (Independent Trustees) | Number of Meetings Held During Last Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2016 | ||||
Legal and Regulatory Committee | Oversees compliance with various procedures adopted by the Trust, reviews certain regulatory filings made with the SEC, and oversees the implementation and administration of the Trust’s Proxy Voting Guidelines. | Linda S. Wolf (Chair) Alan A. Brown William F. McCalpin Gary A. Poliner | [ ] | |||
Nominating and Governance Committee | Identifies and recommends individuals for election as Trustee, consults with Management in planning Trustee meetings, and oversees the administration of, and ensures compliance with, the Trust’s Governance Procedures and Guidelines, which includes review of proposed changes to Trustee compensation. | James T. Rothe (Chair) William F. McCalpin Linda S. Wolf | [ ] | |||
Pricing Committee | Determines a fair value of restricted and other securities for which market quotations are not readily available or are deemed not to be reliable, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Trustees and reviews other matters related to the pricing of securities. | William D. Stewart (Chair) Raudline Etienne James T. Rothe Linda S. Wolf | [ ] |
* | Raudline Etienne and Gary A. Poliner were elected as new Fund Trustees at a joint Special Meeting of Shareholders on June 14, 2016. |
(1) | Mr. Cvengros serves as the Lead Trustee for money market matters. |
Board Oversight of Risk Management
Janus Capital, as part of its responsibilities for the day-to-day operations of the Janus funds, is responsible for day-to-day risk management for the funds. The Board, as part of its overall oversight responsibilities for the Janus funds’ operations, oversees Janus Capital’s risk management efforts with respect to the funds. The Board, in the exercise of its reasonable business judgment, also separately considers potential risks that may impact the Janus funds. The Board discharges its oversight duties and considers potential risks in a number of different ways, including, but not limited to, receiving reports on a regular basis, either directly or through an appropriate committee, from Janus Capital and its officers. Reports received include those from, among others, Janus Capital’s (1) senior managers responsible for oversight of global risk; (2) senior managers responsible for oversight of fund construction and trading risk; (3) Chief Compliance Officer; and (4) Director of Internal Audit. At the time these reports are presented, the Board or the committee receiving the report will, as it deems necessary, invite the presenter to participate in an executive session to discuss matters outside the presence of any other officers or representatives of Janus Capital or its affiliates. The Board also receives reports from other entities and individuals unaffiliated with Janus Capital, including reports from the Janus funds’ other service providers and from independent consultants hired by the Board.
Various Board committees also will consider particular risk items as the committee addresses items and issues specific to the jurisdiction of that committee. For example, the Pricing Committee will consider valuation risk as part of its regular oversight responsibilities, and similarly, the Brokerage Committee will consider counterparty risk associated with Janus fund transactions. The Board also may be apprised of particular risk management matters in connection with its general oversight and approval of various Janus fund matters brought before the Board. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer for the Janus funds (“Fund CCO”) who (1) reports directly to the Board and (2) provides a comprehensive written report annually and presents quarterly at the Board’s regular meetings. The Fund CCO, who also serves as Janus Capital’s Chief Compliance Officer, discusses relevant risk issues that may impact the Janus funds and/or Janus Capital’s services to the funds, and routinely meets with the Board in private without representatives of Janus Capital or its affiliates present. The Fund CCO also provides the Board with updates on the application of the Janus funds’ compliance policies and procedures, including how these procedures are designed to mitigate risk and what, if any, changes have been made to enhance the procedures. The Fund CCO may also report to the Board on an ad hoc basis in the event that he identifies issues associated with the Janus funds’ compliance policies and procedures that could expose the funds to additional risk or adversely impact the ability of Janus Capital to provide services to the funds.
The Board believes that its leadership structure permits it to effectively discharge its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Janus funds’ risk management process.
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Additional Information About Trustees
Under the Trust’s Governance Procedures and Guidelines, the Trustees are expected to invest in one or more (but not necessarily all) funds advised by Janus Capital for which they serve as Trustee, to the extent they are directly eligible to do so. For each Trustee, these investments are expected, in the aggregate, to equal median Trustee annual compensation with an allowance for new Trustees to reach this level of investment over time. These investments may include amounts held under a deferred compensation plan that are valued based on “shadow investments” in such funds. Such investments, including the amount and which funds, are dictated by each Trustee’s individual financial circumstances and investment goals.
No Trustee owns any securities of the Fund because the Fund is a newly-created shell fund with Janus Capital as its only shareholder.
As of December 31, 2016, the Trustees owned securities of the Janus Target in the dollar range shown in the following table. The last column of the table reflects each Trustee’s aggregate dollar range of securities of all mutual funds advised by Janus Capital and overseen by the Trustees (collectively, the “Janus Funds”).
Name of Janus Trustee | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Janus Target | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Janus Funds | ||||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||
William F. McCalpin(1) | ||||||||
Alan A. Brown | ||||||||
William D. Cvengros | ||||||||
Raudline Etienne* | ||||||||
Gary A. Poliner* | ||||||||
James T. Rothe(1) | ||||||||
William D. Stewart | ||||||||
Linda S. Wolf(1) |
* | Raudline Etienne and Gary A. Poliner were elected as new Fund Trustees at a joint Special Meeting of Shareholders on June 14, 2016. |
(1) | Ownership shown includes amounts held under a deferred compensation plan that are valued based on “shadow investments” in one or more funds. |
The Trust pays each Independent Trustee an annual retainer plus a fee for each regular in-person meeting of the Trustees attended, a fee for in-person meetings of committees attended if convened on a date other than that of a regularly scheduled meeting, and a fee for telephone meetings of the Trustees and committees. In addition, committee chairs and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees receive an additional supplemental retainer. Each current Independent Trustee also receives fees from other Janus funds for serving as Trustee of those funds. Janus Capital pays persons who are directors, officers, or employees of Janus Capital or any affiliate thereof, or any Trustee considered an “interested” Trustee, for their services as Trustees or officers. The Trust and other funds managed by Janus Capital may pay all or a portion of the compensation and related expenses of the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer and compliance staff, as authorized from time to time by the Trustees.
To the best knowledge of the Trust, the following table shows the aggregate compensation paid to each Independent Trustee by the Funds described in this SAI and all mutual funds advised by Janus Capital and overseen by the Trustees (collectively, the “Janus Funds”) for the periods indicated. None of the Trustees receives any pension or retirement benefits from the Fund or the Janus Funds. Effective January 1, 2006, the Trustees established a deferred compensation plan under which the Trustees may elect to defer receipt of all, or a portion, of the compensation they earn for their services to the Funds, in lieu of receiving current payments of such compensation. Any deferred amount is treated as though an equivalent dollar amount has been invested in shares of one or more funds advised by Janus Capital (“shadow investments”).
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Name of Person, Position | Aggregate Compensation from the Fund for fiscal year ended September 30, 2016† | Total Compensation from for the Janus Funds calendar year ended December 31, 2016(1)(2) | ||||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||
William F. McCalpin, Chairman and Trustee(3)(4) | — | [ | ] | |||||
Alan A. Brown, Trustee(4) | — | [ | ] | |||||
William D. Cvengros, Trustee(4) | — | [ | ] | |||||
Raudline Etienne, Trustee* | — | [ | ] | |||||
Gary A. Poliner, Trustee** | — | [ | ] | |||||
James T. Rothe, Trustee(4) | — | [ | ] | |||||
William D. Stewart, Trustee(4) | — | [ | ] | |||||
Linda S. Wolf, Trustee(4) | — | [ | ] |
† | No compensation was paid from the Fund to the Trustees for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 because the new series was created after September 30, 2016. |
* | Raudline Etienne served as independent consultant to the Trustees during the period June 2, 2014 to June 13, 2016. Ms. Etienne was elected as a Fund Trustee on June 14, 2016. Total Compensation from the Janus Funds for Ms. Etienne includes amounts paid for service as an independent consultant for the period January 1, 2016 to June 13, 2016, as well as service as a Trustee for the period June 14, 2016 to December 31, 2016. The Aggregate Compensation from the Fund reflected above includes amounts paid to Ms. Etienne for service as an independent consultant and as a Trustee for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016. |
** | Gary A. Poliner served as independent consultant to the Trustees during the period January 1, 2016 to June 13, 2016. Mr. Poliner was elected as a Fund Trustee on June 14, 2016. Total Compensation from the Janus Funds for Mr. Poliner includes amounts paid for service as an independent consultant for the period January 1, 2016 to June 13, 2016, as well as service as a Trustee for the period June 14, 2016 to December 31, 2016. The Aggregate Compensation from the Fund reflected above includes amounts paid to Mr. Poliner for service as an independent consultant and as a Trustee for the period January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2016. |
(1) | For all Trustees, includes compensation for service on the boards of two Janus trusts comprised of [ ] portfolios. |
(2) | Total Compensation received from the Janus Funds includes any amounts deferred under the deferred compensation plan. The deferred compensation amounts for the year are as follows: William F. McCalpin $[ ] and James T. Rothe $[ ]. |
(3) | Aggregate Compensation received from the Fund and Total Compensation received from all Janus Funds includes additional compensation paid for service as Independent Chairman of the Board of Trustees. |
(4) | Aggregate Compensation received from the Fund and Total Compensation received from all Janus Funds includes additional compensation paid for service as chair of, or as Lead Trustee for, one or more committees of the Board of Trustees during certain periods. |
JANUS INVESTMENT PERSONNEL |
Other Accounts Managed
To the best knowledge of the Trust, the following table provides information relating to other accounts managed by the portfolio managers as of September 30, 2016. For any co-managed Fund or account, the assets reflect total Fund assets. If applicable, accounts included under Other Registered Investment Companies may include sub-advised accounts and non-U.S. registered investment companies. To the extent that any of the accounts pay advisory fees based on account performance, information on those accounts is separately listed.
Other Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts | ||||||||||||
[To be updated] | Number of Other Accounts Managed Assets in Other Accounts Managed |
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Material Conflicts
As shown in the table above, certain portfolio managers may manage other accounts with investment strategies similar to the Funds. Those other accounts may include other Janus funds, private-label mutual funds for which Janus Capital serves as sub-adviser, and separately managed accounts or other pooled investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, which may have materially higher fees than a Fund or may have a performance-based management fee. As such, fees earned by Janus Capital may vary among these accounts. Janus Capital or an affiliate may also provide seed capital to one or more of these accounts. In addition, the portfolio managers may personally invest in or provide seed capital to some but not all of these accounts, and certain of these accounts may have a greater impact on their compensation than others. Under certain circumstances, a portfolio manager (or portfolio manager’s family members) may own the same securities as those held in the Fund’s portfolio. Certain portfolio managers may also have roles as research analysts for one or more Janus funds and receive compensation with respect to the analyst role. These factors could create conflicts of interest because a portfolio manager may have incentives to favor certain accounts over others, resulting in the potential for other accounts outperforming the Fund. A conflict may also exist if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be appropriate for more than one account, but the Fund is not able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to the need to allocate that opportunity among multiple accounts. In addition, a portfolio manager may execute transactions for another account that may adversely impact the value of securities held by the Fund. However, Janus Capital believes that these conflicts may be mitigated to a certain extent by the fact that accounts with like investment strategies managed by a particular portfolio manager are generally managed in a similar fashion, subject to a variety of exceptions, for example, to account for particular investment restrictions or policies applicable only to certain accounts, certain portfolio holdings that may be transferred in-kind when an account is opened, differences in cash flows and account sizes, and similar factors. In addition, Janus Capital has adopted trade allocation procedures that govern allocation of securities among various Janus accounts. Trade allocation and personal trading are described in further detail under “Additional Information About Janus Capital and the Sub-advisers.” Furthermore, Janus Capital believes that conflicts arising from personal ownership by a portfolio manager (or portfolio manager’s family members) of the same securities held in a Fund may be mitigated by the portfolio manager’s compliance with Janus Capital’s personal trading policy within the Ethics Rules.
Janus Capital is the adviser to the Fund and the Janus “funds of funds,” which are funds that invest primarily in other Janus Capital mutual funds. Because Janus Capital is the adviser to the Janus “funds of funds” and the Fund, it is subject to certain potential conflicts of interest when allocating any assets of a Janus “fund of funds” to the Fund. For example, the Janus “funds of funds” investments have been and may continue to be a significant portion of the investments in other Janus funds, allowing Janus Capital the opportunity to recoup expenses it previously waived or reimbursed for a Fund, or to reduce the amount of seed capital investment needed by Janus Capital for the Janus funds. In addition, the Janus “funds of funds” portfolio managers, Enrique Chang, who also serves as President, Head of Investments of Janus Capital, and oversees equity and fundamental fixed-income trading, and Ashwin Alankar, who also serves as Senior Vice President and Global Head of Asset Allocation and Risk Management of Janus Capital, each have regular and continuous access to information regarding the holdings and trade details of the Fund, as well as knowledge of, and potential impact on, investment strategies and techniques of the Fund.
Compensation Information
The following describes the structure and method of calculating a portfolio manager’s compensation as of September 30, 2016.
The portfolio managers, co-portfolio managers (if applicable), and the Director of Research (“portfolio manager” or “portfolio managers”) are compensated for managing the Fund and any other funds, portfolios, or accounts for which they have exclusive or shared responsibilities through two components: fixed compensation and variable compensation. Compensation (both fixed and variable) is determined on a pre-tax basis.
Fixed Compensation: Fixed compensation is paid in cash and is comprised of an annual base salary. The base salary is based on factors such as performance, scope of responsibility, skills, knowledge, experience, ability, and market competitiveness.
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Variable Compensation: Variable compensation is paid in the form of cash and long-term incentive awards. The long-term incentive awards are subject to a vesting schedule and consist of a mixture of JCGI restricted stock and a cash-deferred award that is credited with income, gains, and losses based on the performance of Janus mutual fund investments selected by the portfolio manager.
A portfolio manager’s variable compensation is discretionary and is determined by Janus Capital management. The overall investment team variable compensation pool is funded by an amount equal to a percentage of Janus Capital’s pre-incentive operating income. In determining individual awards, both quantitative and qualitative factors are considered. Such factors include, among other things, consistent short-term and long-term fund performance (i.e., one-, three-, and five-year performance), client support and investment team support through the sharing of ideas, leadership, development, mentoring, and teamwork.
Newly hired portfolio managers may have guaranteed minimum compensation levels for limited periods. Portfolio managers who take on new responsibilities or who are transitioning or have transitioned their responsibilities may also have guaranteed minimum compensation levels for limited periods.
Certain portfolio managers may elect to defer payment of a designated percentage of their fixed compensation and/or up to all of their variable compensation in accordance with JCGI’s Executive Income Deferral Program.
HIML INVESTMENT PERSONNEL |
Other Accounts Managed
To the best knowledge of the Trust, the following table provides information relating to other accounts managed by the portfolio managers as of September 30, 2016. For any co-managed Fund or account, the assets reflect total Fund assets. If applicable, accounts included under Other Registered Investment Companies may include sub-advised accounts and non-U.S. registered investment companies. No accounts included in the totals listed below have a performance-based advisory fee.
Portfolio Manager | Registered Investment Company Accounts | Assets Managed ($) | Pooled Investment Vehicle Accounts | Assets Managed ($) | Other Accounts | Assets Managed ($) | Total Assets Managed ($) | |||||||||||||||||
Michael Cahoon | Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | 32.88 | — | — | — | — | 32.88 | |||||||||||||||||
Glen Finegan | Henderson Emerging Markets Fund | 22.56 | Gartmore Emerging Markets Fund | 45.15 | — | — | 423.97 | |||||||||||||||||
117.09 | Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund | 192.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Henderson International Opportunities Fund (Emerging Markets) | Gartmore Latin American Fund | 46.76 |
Material Conflicts
As shown in the table above, the HIML portfolio managers may manage other funds and accounts with investment strategies similar to the Funds. Fees earned by the adviser may vary among these accounts. Janus Capital or an affiliate may provide seed capital to one or more of these accounts. In addition, the portfolio managers may personally invest in or provide seed capital to some but not all of these accounts, and certain of these accounts may have a greater impact on the portfolio managers’ compensation than others. Under certain circumstances, a portfolio manager (or portfolio manager’s family members) may own the same securities as those held in the Fund’s portfolio. These factors could create conflicts of interest because a portfolio manager may have incentives to favor certain accounts over others, resulting in the potential for other accounts outperforming the Fund. A conflict may also exist if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be appropriate for more than one account, but the Fund is not able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to the need to allocate that opportunity among multiple accounts. In addition, a portfolio manager may execute transactions for another account that may adversely impact the value of securities held by the Fund. However, HIML believes that these conflicts may be mitigated to a certain extent by the fact that accounts with like investment strategies managed by the portfolio managers are generally managed in a similar fashion, subject to a variety of exceptions, for example, to account for particular investment restrictions or policies applicable only to certain accounts, certain portfolio
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holdings that may be transferred in-kind when an account is opened, differences in cash flows and account sizes, and similar factors. In addition, HIML generates regular daily trades for all of its clients using proprietary trade system software. Trades are submitted to designated brokers in a single electronic file at one time during the day, pre-allocated to individual clients. If an order is not completely filled, executed shares are allocated to client accounts in proportion to the order. These procedures are described in further detail under “Additional Information About Janus Capital and the Sub-adviser.” Furthermore, Janus Capital believes that conflicts arising from personal ownership by a portfolio manager (or portfolio manager’s family members) of the same securities held in the Fund may be mitigated by the portfolio manager’s compliance with Janus Capital’s personal trading policy within the Ethics Rules.
Compensation Information
Following is a summary of the compensation received by Henderson’s investment professionals for all accounts managed and not just for the applicable Funds. Henderson’s investment professionals have significant short and long-term financial incentives. In general, the compensation plan is based on:
• | Pre-defined, objective, measurable investment performance |
• | Performance goals that are ambitious, but attainable |
• | The plan provides an incentive for appropriately aggressive portfolio management to achieve maximum feasible results within the portfolio’s risk return parameters. |
The compensation structure consists of four primary elements. There is a competitive base salary together with a short-term incentive bonus plan. In addition, there are two further incentive-based packages for senior international investment professionals that reward staff on both individual and team performance, reflecting profitable asset growth. “Profitable asset growth” refers to the increase in adviser revenues generated less the increase in costs. It is typically calculated per adviser team on a calendar year basis. Members of the relevant team receive a share of this growth, which is typically paid over a three year period.
Some portfolio managers are granted an award in a long-term incentive program that is based on several factors, including the profitability of Henderson. Additionally, some portfolio managers participate in the distribution of performance-related fees if such funds are structured accordingly. Currently, the Fund does not charge performance-related fees.
A summary of the compensation package is as follows:
• | Basic Salaries: in line with or better than the industry average |
• | Short Term Incentive Bonus: the STI bonus is usually the majority of the variable component, based largely on investment performance; for a typical fund manager, it can vary between 50 percent and 150 percent of the salary |
• | Growth Equity Bonus Plan: the GEB is based on a team’s contribution to a rise in profits, it is designed to reward profitable asset growth |
• | Long Term Incentive Plan: as described above |
• | Employee Share Plans: from year to year, portfolio managers may be able to invest part of their remuneration in various share schemes which are then partially matched by Henderson |
• | Performance-related fees: for some funds, any performance-related fee earned by the firm is shared with individuals generating that performance. If a performance-related fee applies, compensation is based solely on performance and its terms are made public in the fund’s relevant disclosure document (i.e., prospectus or offering memorandum). Performance-related fees may vary from fund to fund but are typically measured over a one year period and compare the fund’s returns to either (i) a peer group, (ii) an index or (iii) an absolute return. |
OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES |
None of the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel of the Fund described in this SAI beneficially owns any securities of the Fund they manage because the Fund is a newly-created shell fund with Janus Capital as its only shareholder. However, as of September 30, 2016, the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel of the Fund
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beneficially owned securities of the respective Target Fund which they manage in the dollar range shown in the following table. The last column of the table also reflects each individual’s aggregate beneficial ownership of all mutual funds advised by Janus Capital within the Janus family of funds (collectively, the “Janus Funds”).
Investment Personnel | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund(s) Managed | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in Janus Funds | ||||||
Janus Capital | ||||||||
[To be updated] | ||||||||
HIML | ||||||||
[To be updated] | ||||||||
Janus Singapore | ||||||||
[To be updated] | ||||||||
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The only current shareholder of the Fund is Janus Capital. The tables below reflect the principal shareholders of each Target Fund.
To the best knowledge of the Trust, as of September 30, 2016, no other person or entity owned beneficially 5% or more (or beneficially owned more than 25%) of the outstanding shares of any class of the Janus Target, except as shown. To the extent that Janus Capital, an affiliate, or an individual, such as the Fund’s portfolio manager(s), owns a significant portion of the shares of any class of the Janus Target or the Janus Target as a whole, the redemption of those shares may have an adverse effect on the Janus Target, a share class, and/or its shareholders. Janus Capital may consider the effect of redemptions on the Janus Target and the Janus Target’s other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares. In certain circumstances, Janus Capital’s or JCGI’s ownership may not represent beneficial ownership. To the best knowledge of the Trust, entities other than Janus Capital shown as owning more than 25% of the outstanding shares of a class of the Janus Target are not the beneficial owners of such shares, unless otherwise indicated.
Name of Fund and Class | Shareholder and Address of Record | Percentage Ownership | ||
[To be updated] | ||||
|
To the best knowledge of the Henderson Trust, as of October 31, 2016, the following persons owned beneficially or of record 5% or more of the Henderson Target’s outstanding shares of any class. Shareholders of record with more than 25% of the outstanding shares of the Henderson Target are believed to hold shares only as nominee. Shareholders who have the power to vote a large percentage of shares (at least 25%) of the Henderson Target can control the Fund (within the meaning of the Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act) and may be able to determine the outcome of a shareholder meeting.
Name of Fund and Class | Shareholder and Address of Record | Percentage Ownership | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class A | First Clearing LLC 2801 Market Street Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523 | 6.37 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class A | Morgan Stanley Harborside Financial Center Plaza 2, 3rd Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311 | 10.05 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class A | National Financial Services LLC Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010 | 7.97 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class A | Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plz Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001 | 18.85 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class A | Raymond James Attn: Courtney Waller 800 Carillon Pkwy St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1100 | 11.05 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class A | UBS WM USA Omni Account Attn: Department Manager 499 Washington Blvd Fl 9 Jersey City, NJ 07310-2055 | 19.95 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class C | First Clearing LLC 2801 Market Street Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523 | 15.14 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class C | Morgan Stanley Harborside Financial Center Plaza 2, 3rd Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311 | 51.10 |
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Name of Fund and Class | Shareholder and Address of Record | Percentage Ownership | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class C | Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plz Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001 | 5.43 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class C | UBS WM USA Omni Account Attn: Department Manager 499 Washington Blvd Fl 9 Jersey City, NJ 07310-2055 | 18.32 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class I | Charles Schwab & Company Inc Special Custody Acct FBO Customers Attn: Mutual Funds 211 Main St San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 | 10.39 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class I | First Clearing LLC 2801 Market Street Saint Louis, MO 63103-2523 | 16.42 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class I | Morgan Stanley Harborside Financial Center Plaza 2, 3rd Floor Jersey City, NJ 07311 | 30.95 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class I | National Financial Services LLC Attn: Mutual Funds Dept 4th FL 499 Washington Blvd Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010 | 7.28 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class I | UBS WM USA Omni Account Attn: Department Manager 499 Washington Blvd Fl 9 Jersey City, NJ 07310-2055 | 27.70 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class R6 | Henderson All Asset Fund Attn: Treasurer 737 N Michigan Ave Ste 1700 Chicago, IL 60611-6652 | 83.78 | ||
Emerging Markets Fund – Class R6 | Terrence G. Muldoon Jr 4230 Club Dr NE Atlanta, GA 30319-1118 | 7.03 |
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The Fund is a series of the Trust, an open-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act and organized as a Massachusetts business trust on February 11, 1986. As of the date of this SAI, the Trust offers 45 series of shares. Each fund presently offers interests in different classes of shares as described in the table below.
Fund Name | Class A Shares | Class C Shares | Class D Shares | Class I Shares | Class L Shares | Class N Shares | Class R Shares | Class S Shares | Class T Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
INTECH Emerging Markets Managed Volatility Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
INTECH Global Income Managed Volatility Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
INTECH International Managed Volatility Fund(1) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
INTECH U.S. Core Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
INTECH U.S. Managed Volatility Fund(1) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Adaptive Global Allocation Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Asia Equity Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Balanced Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Contrarian Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Diversified Alternatives Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Emerging Markets Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Enterprise Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Flexible Bond Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Forty Fund(1) | x | x | [x | ] | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Allocation Fund – Conservative(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Allocation Fund – Growth(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Allocation Fund – Moderate(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Bond Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Life Sciences Fund(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Real Estate Fund(1) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Research Fund(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Select Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Technology Fund(2) | x | x | x | x | [x | ] | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Global Unconstrained Bond Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Government Money Market Fund(2) | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Growth and Income Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus High-Yield Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus International Equity Fund(1) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Money Market Fund(2) | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Multi-Sector Income Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Overseas Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Real Return Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Research Fund(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
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Fund Name | Class A Shares | Class C Shares | Class D Shares | Class I Shares | Class L Shares | Class N Shares | Class R Shares | Class S Shares | Class T Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Short-Term Bond Fund(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Triton Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Twenty Fund(2) | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Janus Venture Fund(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perkins Global Value Fund(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perkins International Value Fund | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perkins Large Cap Value Fund(1) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perkins Mid Cap Value Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perkins Select Value Fund | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perkins Small Cap Value Fund(1)(2) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perkins Value Plus Income Fund | x | x | x | x | x |
(1) | On July 6, 2009, the funds of the Janus Adviser Series trust reorganized into the Trust. As a result, certain funds described in this SAI assumed the assets and liabilities of the corresponding Janus Adviser Series funds. The fund described in this SAI has a fiscal year end of September 30. |
(2) | On February 16, 2010, the fund’s Class J Shares (the initial share class) were restructured into two separate share classes. Shareholders who held their shares directly with Janus Capital were transitioned to a newly created share class called “Class D Shares.” Shareholders who held their shares through an intermediary remained in Class J Shares, which was renamed “Class T Shares.” |
Funds listed in the preceding table that are not marked with footnote (1) or (2) commenced operations after July 6, 2009.
Effective January 28, 2011, Janus Research Core Fund was reorganized into Janus Growth and Income Fund. Effective March 15, 2013, Janus Global Research Fund was reorganized into Janus Worldwide Fund, which was subsequently renamed Janus Global Research Fund. Effective April 5, 2013, Janus World Allocation Fund was reorganized into Janus Global Allocation Fund – Moderate. Effective April 24, 2015, INTECH U.S. Managed Volatility Fund II (formerly named INTECH U.S. Growth Fund) was reorganized into INTECH U.S. Managed Volatility Fund (formerly named INTECH U.S. Value Fund).
Janus Capital reserves the right to the name “Janus.” In the event that Janus Capital does not continue to provide investment advice to the funds, the funds must cease to use the name “Janus” as soon as reasonably practicable.
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of the funds could, under certain circumstances, be held liable for the obligations of their fund. However, the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the funds and requires that notice of this disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the funds or the Trustees. The Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust also provides for indemnification from the assets of the funds for all losses and expenses of any fund shareholder held liable for the obligations of their fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring a financial loss on account of their liability as a shareholder of one of the funds is limited to circumstances in which their fund would be unable to meet its obligations. The possibility that these circumstances would occur is remote. The Trustees intend to conduct the operations of the funds to avoid, to the extent possible, liability of shareholders for liabilities of their Fund.
It is important to know that, pursuant to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the authority to merge, liquidate, and/or reorganize a Fund into another fund without seeking shareholder vote or consent. Any such consolidation, merger, or reorganization may be authorized at any time by a vote of a majority of the Trustees then in office.
The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with a par value of one cent per share for each series of the Trust. Shares of each series of the Trust are fully paid and nonassessable when issued.
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Shares of a fund participate equally in dividends and other distributions by the Shares of the same class of that fund, and in residual assets of that class of that fund in the event of liquidation. Shares of each fund have no preemptive, conversion, or subscription rights. Shares of each fund may be transferred by endorsement or stock power as is customary, but a fund is not bound to recognize any transfer until it is recorded on its books.
The Trust does not intend to hold annual or regular shareholder meetings unless otherwise required by the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust or the 1940 Act. Special meetings may be called for a specific Fund or for the Trust as a whole for purposes such as changing fundamental policies, electing or removing Trustees, making any changes to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust that would materially adversely affect shareholders’ rights, determining whether to bring certain derivative actions, or for any other purpose requiring a shareholder vote under applicable law or the Trust’s governing documents, or as the Trustees consider necessary or desirable.
Under the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, special meetings of shareholders of the Trust or of any fund shall be called subject to certain conditions, upon written request of shareholders owning shares representing at least 10% of the shares then outstanding. The funds will assist these shareholders in communicating with other shareholders in connection with such a meeting similar to that referred to in Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act.
The Trustees of the Trust were elected at a Special Meeting of Shareholders on June 14, 2016. Under the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each Trustee will continue in office until the termination of the Trust or his or her earlier death, retirement, resignation, incapacity, or removal. Vacancies will be filled by appointment by a majority of the remaining Trustees, subject to the 1940 Act.
As a shareholder, you are entitled to one vote for each whole dollar and a proportionate fractional vote for each fractional dollar of NAV of the Fund that you own. Generally, all funds and classes vote together as a single group, except where a separate vote of one or more funds or classes is required by law or where the interests of one or more funds or classes are affected differently from other funds or classes. Shares of all series of the Trust have noncumulative voting rights, which means that the holders of more than 50% of the value of shares of all series of the Trust voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees if they choose to do so. In such event, the holders of the remaining value of shares will not be able to elect any Trustees.
The Trust may in the future seek to achieve a fund’s objective by investing all of that fund’s assets in another investment company having the same investment objective and substantially the same investment policies and restrictions as those applicable to that fund. Unless otherwise required by law, this policy may be implemented by the Trustees without shareholder approval.
[ TO BE UPDATED BY AMENDMENT ]
A Registration Statement on Form N-14, including amendments thereto, relating to the common shares of the Fund offered hereby, has been filed by the Trust with the SEC. The Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus and this SAI do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, including any exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund and the common shares offered hereby, reference is made to the Fund’s Registration Statement. Statements contained in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus and this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, which may be inspected without charge at the SEC’s principal office in Washington, D.C. and copies of all or any part thereof may be obtained from the SEC upon the payment of certain fees prescribed by the SEC.
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INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE INTO THE STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION |
Because the Fund was newly created for purposes of consummating the Mergers, the Fund has not yet published an annual or semi-annual report to shareholders. This SAI incorporates by reference the following documents, which have each been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and will be sent to any shareholder requesting this SAI:
• | The Financial Statements of Janus Emerging Markets Fund included in the annual report, dated September 30, 2016, as filed on November 29, 2016 (File No: 811-01879, Accession No: 0000277751-16-000176); and |
• | The Financial Statements of Henderson Emerging Markets Fund included in the annual report, dated July 31, 2016, as filed on September 29, 2016 (File No: 811-10399, Accession No: 0000891804-16-001782). |
Unaudited pro forma combined financial statements for the Fund relating to the Mergers, dated [ ], assuming the Mergers had been consummated on the first day of the 12-month period ended [ ], including notes to such pro forma financial statements, are set forth below.
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The following is a description of credit ratings issued by three of the major credit rating agencies. Credit ratings evaluate only the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of lower quality securities. Credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings to reflect subsequent events on a timely basis. Although Janus Capital and Perkins consider security ratings when making investment decisions, they also perform their own investment analyses and do not rely solely on the ratings assigned by credit agencies.
STANDARD & POOR’S RATINGS SERVICES |
Bond Rating | Explanation | |
Investment Grade | ||
AAA | Highest rating; extremely strong capacity to pay principal and interest. | |
AA | High quality; very strong capacity to pay principal and interest. | |
A | Strong capacity to pay principal and interest; somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changing circumstances and economic conditions. | |
BBB | Adequate capacity to pay principal and interest; normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, but adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest than for higher rated bonds. | |
Non-Investment Grade | ||
BB | Less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues; major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
B | More vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
CCC | Currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
CC | Currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. | |
C | Currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment; a bankruptcy petition may have been filed or similar action taken, but payments on the obligation are being continued. | |
D | In default. |
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FITCH, INC. |
Long-Term Bond Rating | Explanation | |
Investment Grade | ||
AAA | Highest credit quality. Denotes the lowest expectation of credit risk. Exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. | |
AA | Very high credit quality. Denotes expectations of very low credit risk. Very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. | |
A | High credit quality. Denotes expectations of low credit risk. Strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. May be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings. | |
BBB | Good credit quality. Currently expectations of low credit risk. Capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity than is the case for higher ratings. | |
Non-Investment Grade | ||
BB | Speculative. Indicates possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time. Business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. | |
B | Highly speculative. May indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. | |
CCC | May indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for superior to average levels of recovery. | |
CC | May indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average or below-average levels of recovery. | |
C | May indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. | |
D | In default. | |
Short-Term Bond Rating | Explanation | |
F-1+ | Exceptionally strong credit quality. Issues assigned this rating are regarded as having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment. | |
F-1 | Very strong credit quality. Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance for timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-1+. | |
F-2 | Good credit quality. Issues assigned this rating have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payments, but the margin of safety is not as great as the F-1+ and F-1 ratings. |
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. |
Bond Rating | Explanation | |
Investment Grade | ||
Aaa | Highest quality, smallest degree of investment risk. | |
Aa | High quality; together with Aaa bonds, they compose the high-grade bond group. | |
A | Upper to medium-grade obligations; many favorable investment attributes. | |
Baa | Medium-grade obligations; neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest and principal appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be unreliable over any great length of time. | |
Non-Investment Grade | ||
Ba | More uncertain, with speculative elements. Protection of interest and principal payments not well safeguarded during good and bad times. | |
B | Lack characteristics of desirable investment; potentially low assurance of timely interest and principal payments or maintenance of other contract terms over time. | |
Caa | Poor standing, may be in default; elements of danger with respect to principal or interest payments. | |
Ca | Speculative in a high degree; could be in default or have other marked shortcomings. | |
C | Lowest rated; extremely poor prospects of ever attaining investment standing. |
Unrated securities will be treated as non-investment grade securities unless the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel determine that such securities are the equivalent of investment grade securities. When calculating the quality assigned to securities that receive different ratings from two or more agencies (“split-rated securities”), the security will receive: (i) the middle rating from the three reporting agencies if three agencies provide a rating for the security or (ii) the lowest rating if only two agencies provide a rating for the security.
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