1st Source (SRCE) 10-Q 2024 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

OR

☐        TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                     to                    

Commission file number 0-6233

1st Source Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indiana	35-1068133
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 North Michigan Street
South Bend,	IN	46601
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(574) 235-2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock - without par value	SRCE	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  x  Yes  o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  x Yes  o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  ☐ Yes  x No

Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of October 18, 2024 — 24,516,293 shares

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition — September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income — three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) — three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	5
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	7
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	43
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	44
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	44
Item 5.	Other Information	44
Item 6.	Exhibits	44
SIGNATURES		45

2

1st SOURCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(Unaudited - Dollars in thousands)

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	99,900	$	77,474
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks	69,461		52,194
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value	1,563,461		1,622,600
Other investments	23,855		25,075
Mortgages held for sale	3,690		1,442
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount:
Commercial and agricultural	723,176		766,223
Renewable energy	479,947		399,708
Auto and light truck	949,473		966,912
Medium and heavy duty truck	299,208		311,947
Aircraft	1,065,801		1,078,172
Construction equipment	1,141,367		1,084,752
Commercial real estate	1,156,823		1,129,861
Residential real estate and home equity	664,581		637,973
Consumer	135,724		142,957
Total loans and leases	6,616,100		6,518,505
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(152,324)		(147,552)
Net loans and leases	6,463,776		6,370,953
Equipment owned under operating leases, net	13,011		20,366
Premises and equipment, net	48,185		46,159
Goodwill and intangible assets	83,902		83,916
Accrued income and other assets	394,705		427,779
Total assets	$	8,763,946	$	8,727,958
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	1,635,981	$	1,655,728
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing demand	2,404,805		2,430,833
Savings	1,242,551		1,213,334
Time	1,842,607		1,738,686
Total interest-bearing deposits	5,489,963		5,382,853
Total deposits	7,125,944		7,038,581
Short-term borrowings:
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	63,553		55,809
Other short-term borrowings	102,124		256,550
Total short-term borrowings	165,677		312,359
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	39,220		47,911
Subordinated notes	58,764		58,764
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	199,136		202,080
Total liabilities	7,588,741		7,659,695
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock; no par value
Authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock; no par value
Authorized 40,000,000 shares; issued 28,205,674 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	436,538		436,538
Retained earnings	868,075		789,842
Cost of common stock in treasury (3,691,291 shares at September 30, 2024 and 3,771,070 shares at December 31, 2023)	(129,134)		(130,489)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(71,226)		(106,323)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,104,253		989,568
Noncontrolling interests	70,952		78,695
Total equity	1,175,205		1,068,263
Total liabilities and equity	$	8,763,946	$	8,727,958

The accompanying notes are a part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

1st SOURCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited - Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest income:
Loans and leases	$	115,200	$	100,206	$	337,503	$	280,195
Investment securities, taxable	6,120		5,918		18,099		18,512
Investment securities, tax-exempt	251		319		765		1,131
Other	1,659		883		4,500		2,498
Total interest income	123,230		107,326		360,867		302,336
Interest expense:
Deposits	43,782		34,405		126,621		84,538
Short-term borrowings	1,509		2,136		6,769		5,154
Subordinated notes	1,054		1,060		3,176		3,108
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	1,399		489		2,850		2,219
Total interest expense	47,744		38,090		139,416		95,019
Net interest income	75,486		69,236		221,451		207,317
Provision for credit losses	3,108		859		9,759		3,955
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	72,378		68,377		211,692		203,362
Noninterest income:
Trust and wealth advisory	6,524		5,648		19,892		17,794
Service charges on deposit accounts	3,279		3,297		9,552		9,418
Debit card	4,598		4,377		13,361		13,585
Mortgage banking	1,042		971		3,272		2,699
Insurance commissions	1,641		1,714		5,028		5,384
Equipment rental	1,141		2,101		4,069		6,930
Losses on investment securities available-for-sale	—		—		—		(44)
Other	4,223		6,347		12,651		14,781
Total noninterest income	22,448		24,455		67,825		70,547
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	31,274		28,866		90,084		85,699
Net occupancy	3,011		2,867		8,915		8,165
Furniture and equipment	1,496		1,217		3,910		3,938
Data processing	7,002		6,289		20,214		18,714
Depreciation – leased equipment	907		1,672		3,194		5,570
Professional fees	1,928		1,763		4,986		4,149
FDIC and other insurance	1,423		1,598		4,707		4,302
Business development and marketing	1,671		1,201		5,441		4,822
Other	731		4,693		7,069		13,393
Total noninterest expense	49,443		50,166		148,520		148,752
Income before income taxes	45,383		42,666		130,997		125,157
Income tax expense	10,469		9,727		29,816		28,640
Net income	34,914		32,939		101,181		96,517
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	23		—		4		(19)
Net income available to common shareholders	$	34,937	$	32,939	$	101,185	$	96,498
Per common share:
Basic net income per common share	$	1.41	$	1.32	$	4.09	$	3.87
Diluted net income per common share	$	1.41	$	1.32	$	4.09	$	3.87
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	24,514,144		24,660,508		24,489,665		24,677,914
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	24,514,144		24,660,508		24,489,665		24,677,914

The accompanying notes are a part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

1st SOURCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited - Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income	$	34,914	$	32,939	$	101,181	$	96,517
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of available-for-sale securities	44,899		(15,287)		46,020		(4,624)
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses included in net income	—		—		—		44
Income tax effect	(10,560)		3,525		(10,923)		958
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	34,339		(11,762)		35,097		(3,622)
Comprehensive income (loss)	69,253		21,177		136,278		92,895
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	23		—		4		(19)
Comprehensive income (loss) available to common shareholders	$	69,276	$	21,177	$	136,282	$	92,876

The accompanying notes are a part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

1st SOURCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited - Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended
	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Cost of Common Stock in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net		Total Shareholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
Balance at July 1, 2023	$	—	$	436,538	$	744,442	$	(120,410)	$	(139,550)	$	921,020	$	59,067	$	980,087
Net income	—		—		32,939		—		—		32,939		—		32,939
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—		(11,762)		(11,762)		—		(11,762)
Issuance of 7,409 common shares under stock based compensation awards	—		—		156		124		—		280		—		280
Cost of 260,887 shares of common stock acquired for treasury	—		—		—		(10,293)		—		(10,293)		—		(10,293)
Common stock dividend ($0.32 per share)	—		—		(7,934)		—		—		(7,934)		—		(7,934)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		(320)		(320)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—	$	436,538	$	769,603	$	(130,579)	$	(151,312)	$	924,250	$	58,747	$	982,997
Balance at July 1, 2024	$	—	$	436,538	$	841,790	$	(129,248)	$	(105,565)	$	1,043,515	$	71,340	$	1,114,855
Net income (loss)	—		—		34,937		—		—		34,937		(23)		34,914
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		34,339		34,339		—		34,339
Issuance of 7,360 common shares under stock based compensation awards	—		—		197		114		—		311		—		311
Common stock dividend ($0.36 per share)	—		—		(8,849)		—		—		(8,849)		—		(8,849)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		(365)		(365)
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	—	$	436,538	$	868,075	$	(129,134)	$	(71,226)	$	1,104,253	$	70,952	$	1,175,205

	Nine Months Ended
	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Cost of Common Stock in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net		Total Shareholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	—	$	436,538	$	694,862	$	(119,642)	$	(147,690)	$	864,068	$	59,698	$	923,766
Net income	—		—		96,498		—		—		96,498		19		96,517
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—		(3,622)		(3,622)		—		(3,622)
Issuance of 77,319 common shares under stock based compensation awards	—		—		2,030		1,533		—		3,563		—		3,563
Cost of 310,522 shares of common stock acquired for treasury	—		—		—		(12,470)		—		(12,470)		—		(12,470)
Common stock dividend ($0.96 per share)	—		—		(23,787)		—		—		(23,787)		—		(23,787)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		(970)		(970)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—	$	436,538	$	769,603	$	(130,579)	$	(151,312)	$	924,250	$	58,747	982,997
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	—	$	436,538	$	789,842	$	(130,489)	$	(106,323)	$	989,568	$	78,695	$	1,068,263
Net income (loss)	—		—		101,185		—		—		101,185		(4)		101,181
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		35,097		35,097		—		35,097
Issuance of 79,779 common shares under stock based compensation awards	—		—		2,583		1,355		—		3,938		—		3,938
Common stock dividend ($1.04 per share)	—		—		(25,535)		—		—		(25,535)		—		(25,535)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		(1,819)		(1,819)
Liquidation of noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		(5,920)		(5,920)
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	—	$	436,538	$	868,075	$	(129,134)	$	(71,226)	$	1,104,253	$	70,952	$	1,175,205

The accompanying notes are a part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

1st SOURCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited - Dollars in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Operating activities:
Net income	$	101,181	$	96,517
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	9,759		3,955
Depreciation of premises and equipment	3,276		3,421
Depreciation of equipment owned and leased to others	3,194		5,570
Stock-based compensation	3,946		3,408
Amortization of investment securities premiums and accretion of discounts, net	1,961		3,116
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights	576		652
Amortization of right of use assets	2,287		2,319
Deferred income taxes	360		(5,613)
Losses on investment securities available-for-sale	—		44
Originations of loans held for sale, net of principal collected	(46,368)		(33,843)
Proceeds from the sales of loans held for sale	45,132		35,673
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale	(1,012)		(1,034)
Net gain on sale of other real estate and repossessions	(152)		(111)
Change in interest receivable	(489)		(3,373)
Change in interest payable	13,497		23,031
Change in other assets	(316)		1,233
Change in other liabilities	23,233		11,740
Other	243		(2,919)
Net change in operating activities	160,308		143,786
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale	—		64,928
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of investment securities available-for-sale	240,718		100,218
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale	(137,520)		(3,000)
Net change in partnership investments	(21,601)		(29,908)
Net change in other investments	1,220		218
Loans sold or participated to others	91,368		37,750
Proceeds from principal payments on direct finance leases	52,631		46,841
Net change in loans and leases	(247,974)		(427,933)
Net change in equipment owned under operating leases	4,161		2,034
Purchases of premises and equipment	(5,827)		(2,608)
Proceeds from disposal of premises and equipment	525		9
Proceeds from sales of other real estate and repossessions	1,557		1,443
Net change in investing activities	(20,742)		(210,008)
Financing activities:
Net change in demand deposits and savings accounts	(16,558)		(509,380)
Net change in time deposits	103,921		548,607
Net change in short-term borrowings	(146,682)		56,563
Payments on long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	(12,592)		(3,383)
Stock issued under stock purchase plans	153		77
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		(12,470)
Net (distributions to) contributions from noncontrolling interests	(1,819)		(970)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(26,296)		(24,484)
Net change in financing activities	(99,873)		54,560
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	39,693		(11,662)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	129,668		122,797
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	169,361	$	111,135
Supplemental Information:
Non-cash transactions:
Loans transferred to other real estate and repossessed assets	$	838	$	1,251
Common stock matching contribution to Employee Stock Ownership and Profit Sharing Plan	1,153		1,753
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	2,436		3,774
Liquidation of noncontrolling interests	5,920		—
Purchases of mandatorily redeemable securities with common stock	628		—

The accompanying notes are a part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

7

1ST SOURCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1 — Accounting Policies

1st Source Corporation is a bank holding company headquartered in South Bend, Indiana that provides, through its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “1st Source” or “the Company”), a broad array of financial products and services.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (all of which are normal and recurring in nature) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position, the results of operations, changes in comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the periods presented. These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and, therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been omitted.

The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in 1st Source Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (2023 Annual Report), which include descriptions of significant accounting policies, should be read in conjunction with these interim financial statements. The Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at December 31, 2023, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Certain amounts in the prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements – Financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP require the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Loans and Leases – Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costs and net of unearned income. Interest income is accrued as earned based on unpaid principal balances. Origination fees and direct loan and lease origination costs are deferred, and the net amount amortized to interest income over the estimated life of the related loan or lease. Loan commitment fees are deferred and amortized into other income over the commitment period.

Direct financing leases are carried at the aggregate of lease payments plus estimated residual value of the leased property, net of unamortized deferred lease origination fees and costs and unearned income. Only those costs incurred as a direct result of closing a lease transaction are capitalized and all other initial direct costs are expensed immediately. Interest income on direct financing leases is recognized over the term of the lease to achieve a constant periodic rate of return on the outstanding investment.

Accrued interest is included in Accrued Income and Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and is excluded from the calculation of the allowance for credit losses. The accrual of interest on loans and leases is discontinued when a loan or lease becomes contractually delinquent for 90 days, or when an individual analysis of a borrower’s credit worthiness indicates a credit should be placed on nonperforming status, except for residential mortgage loans and consumer loans that are well secured and in the process of collection. Residential mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual at the time the loan is placed in foreclosure. When interest accruals are discontinued, interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and interest accrued in the prior year is charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. However, in some cases, the Company may elect to continue the accrual of interest when the net realizable value of collateral is sufficient to cover the principal and accrued interest. When a loan or lease is classified as nonaccrual and the future collectability of the recorded loan or lease balance is doubtful, collections on interest and principal are applied as a reduction to principal outstanding. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, which is typically evidenced by a sustained repayment performance of at least six months.

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans and leases to borrowers in financial distress (typically denoted by internal credit quality graded “substandard” or worse) by providing term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, or interest rate reductions. In some cases, a combination of modifications are made to the same loan or lease. These modifications typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities. If the Company determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance for loan and lease losses estimate or a charge-off to the allowance for loan and lease losses.

8

Note 2 — Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Income Taxes: In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” Among other things, these amendments require that public business entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than five percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income (loss) by the applicable statutory income tax rate.) The amendments also require that all entities disclose on an annual basis the following information about income taxes paid: (1) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and (2) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received.) This guidance is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis although retrospective application is permitted. The Company continues to assess ASU 2023-09 and its impact on its accounting and disclosures.

Segment Reporting: In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” These amendments require, among other things, that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 208. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The Company continues to assess ASU 2023-09 and its impact on its accounting and disclosures.

Note 3 — Investment Securities Available-For-Sale

The following table shows investment securities available-for-sale.

(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
September 30, 2024
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	853,103	$	626	$	(30,362)	$	823,367
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	86,250		372		(3,573)		83,049
Mortgage-backed securities — Federal agencies	717,345		2,037		(62,837)		656,545
Corporate debt securities	—		—		—		—
Foreign government and other securities	500		—		—		500
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	1,657,198	$	3,035	$	(96,772)	$	1,563,461
December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	979,530	$	178	$	(56,842)	$	922,866
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	97,522		508		(5,466)		92,564
Mortgage-backed securities — Federal agencies	676,257		476		(78,481)		598,252
Corporate debt securities	8,448		—		(119)		8,329
Foreign government and other securities	600		—		(11)		589
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	1,762,357	$	1,162	$	(140,919)	$	1,622,600

Amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivable which is included in Accrued Income and Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable on investment securities available-for-sale was $4.25 million and $4.60 million, respectively.

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the residential mortgage-backed securities held by the Company consisted primarily of GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC pass-through certificates which are guaranteed by those respective agencies of the United States government (Government Sponsored Enterprise, GSEs).

The following table shows the contractual maturities of investments in debt securities available-for-sale at September 30, 2024. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities, because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

9

(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	292,274	$	287,406
Due after one year through five years	608,742		580,300
Due after five years through ten years	21,906		22,191
Due after ten years	16,931		17,019
Mortgage-backed securities	717,345		656,545
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	1,657,198	$	1,563,461

The following table summarizes gross unrealized losses and fair value by investment category and age. At September 30, 2024, the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio consisted of 638 securities, 544 of which were in an unrealized loss position.

	Less than 12 Months				12 months or Longer				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
September 30, 2024
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	13,766	$	(26)	$	782,786	$	(30,336)	$	796,552	$	(30,362)
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	2,486		(64)		57,762		(3,509)		60,248		(3,573)
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies	39,151		(138)		510,172		(62,699)		549,323		(62,837)
Corporate debt securities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign government and other securities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	55,403	$	(228)	$	1,350,720	$	(96,544)	$	1,406,123	$	(96,772)
December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	—	$	—	$	913,417	$	(56,842)	$	913,417	$	(56,842)
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	1,251		(2)		69,747		(5,464)		70,998		(5,466)
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies	8,553		(98)		550,748		(78,383)		559,301		(78,481)
Corporate debt securities	—		—		8,329		(119)		8,329		(119)
Foreign government and other securities	—		—		589		(11)		589		(11)
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	9,804	$	(100)	$	1,542,830	$	(140,819)	$	1,552,634	$	(140,919)

The Company does not consider available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses at September 30, 2024, to be experiencing credit losses and recognized no resulting allowance for credit losses. The Company does not intend to sell these investments, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these investments before recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be the maturity dates of the securities. The unrealized losses occurred as a result of changes in interest rates, market spreads and market conditions subsequent to purchase.

The following table shows the gross realized gains and losses from the available-for-sale debt securities portfolio. Realized gains and losses of all securities are computed using the specific identification cost basis.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Gross realized gains	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,286
Gross realized losses	—		—		—		(1,330)
Net realized losses	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(44)

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, investment securities available-for-sale with carrying values of $374.65 million and $411.38 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for security repurchase agreements and for other purposes.

Note 4 — Loan and Lease Financings

The Company evaluates loans and leases for credit quality at least annually, but more frequently if certain circumstances occur (such as material new information which becomes available and indicates a potential change in credit risk). The Company uses two methods to assess credit risk: loan or lease credit quality grades and credit risk classifications. The purpose of the loan or lease credit quality grade is to document the degree of risk associated with individual credits, as well as inform management of the degree of risk in the portfolio taken as a whole. Credit risk classifications are used to categorize loans by degree of risk and to designate individual or committee approval authorities for higher risk credits at the time of origination. Credit risk classifications include categories for: Acceptable, Marginal, Special Attention, Special Risk, Restricted by Policy, Regulated and Prohibited by Law.

10

All loans and leases, except residential real estate loans‚ home equity loans, and consumer loans, are assigned credit quality grades on a scale from 1 to 12, with grade 1 representing superior credit quality. The criteria used to assign grades to extensions of credit that exhibit potential problems or well-defined weaknesses are primarily based upon the degree of risk and the likelihood of orderly repayment, and their effect on the Company’s safety and soundness. Loans or leases graded 7 or weaker are considered “special attention” credits and, as such, relationships in excess of $250,000 are reviewed quarterly as part of management’s evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for loan and lease losses. Grade 7 credits are defined as “watch” and contain greater than average credit risk and are monitored to limit the exposure to increased risk; grade 8 credits are “special mention” and, following regulatory guidelines, are defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Credits that exhibit well-defined weaknesses and a distinct possibility of loss are considered “classified” and are graded 9 through 12 corresponding to the regulatory definitions of “substandard” (grades 9 and 10) and the more severe “doubtful” (grade 11) and “loss” (grade 12). For residential real estate and home equity and consumer loans, credit quality is based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. Nonperforming loans are those loans which are on nonaccrual status or are 90 days or more past due.

Below is a summary of the Company’s loan and lease portfolio segments and a discussion of the risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment.

Commercial and agricultural – loans are to entities within the Company’s local market communities. Loans are for business or agri-business purposes and include working capital lines of credit secured by accounts receivable and inventory that are generally renewable annually and term loans secured by equipment with amortizations based on the expected life of the underlying collateral, generally three to seven years. These loans are typically further supported by personal guarantees. Commercial exposure is to a wide range of industries and services. Risks in this sector are also varied and are most impacted by general economic conditions. Risk mitigants include appropriate underwriting and monitoring and, when appropriate, government guarantees, including SBA and FSA.

Renewable energy – loans are for the purpose of financing solar related projects and may include construction draw notes, operating loans, letters of credit and may entail a tax equity structure. Collateral in a multi-state area includes tangible assets of the borrower, assignment of intangible assets including power purchase agreements, and pledges of permits and licenses. Financing is provided to qualified borrowers throughout the continental United States with an emphasis on the region east of the Rocky Mountains.

Auto and light truck – loans are secured by vehicles and borrowers are nationwide. The portfolio predominantly consists of loans to borrowers in the auto rental and commercial auto leasing industries. Borrowers in the auto rental segment are primarily independent auto rental entities with on-airport and off-airport locations, and some insurance replacement business. Loan amortizations are relatively short, generally eighteen months, but up to four years. Auto leasing customers lease to businesses and the Company takes assignment of the lease stream and places its lien on the vehicles. Terms are generally longer than the auto rental sector, three to seven years and match the underlying leases. Risks in both these segments include economic risks and collateral risks, principally used vehicle values.

Medium and heavy duty truck – loans and full-service truck leases are secured by heavy-duty trucks, commonly Class 8 trucks, and are generally personally guaranteed. In addition to economic risks, collateral risk is significant. Financing is generally at full cost, plus additional expenditures to get the vehicle operational, such as taxes, insurance and fees. It takes three to four years of debt amortization to reach an equity position in the collateral.

Aircraft – loans are to domestic and foreign borrowers with the domestic segment further divided into two pools: 1) personal and business use, and 2) dealers and operators. The Company’s focus for the foreign sector is Latin America, principally Mexico and Brazil. Loans are primarily secured by new and used business jets and helicopters, with appropriate advances, amortizations of ten to fifteen years, and are generally guaranteed by individuals. The most significant risk in the Aircraft portfolio is collateral risk - volatility in underlying values and maintenance concerns. The portfolio is subject to national and global economic risks.

Construction equipment – loans are to borrowers throughout the country secured by specific equipment. The borrowers include highway and road builders, asphalt producers and pavers, suppliers of aggregate products, site developers, frac sand operations, general construction equipment dealers and operators, and crane rental entities. Generally, loans include personal guarantees. The construction equipment industry is heavily dependent on both the U.S. and global economy. Market growth is reliant on investments from public and private sectors into urbanization and infrastructure projects.

Commercial real estate – loans are generally to entities within the local market communities served by the Company with advances generally within regulatory guidelines. Historically, the Company’s exposure to commercial real estate has been primarily to the less risky owner-occupied segment. The non-owner-occupied segment accounts for less than half of the commercial real estate portfolio and includes hotels, apartment complexes and warehousing facilities. There is limited exposure to construction loans. Many commercial real estate loans carry personal guarantees. Additional risks in the commercial real estate portfolio stem from geographical concentration in northern Indiana and southwest Michigan and general economic conditions.

11

Residential real estate and home equity – loans predominantly include one-to-four family mortgages to borrowers in the Company’s local market communities and are appropriately underwritten and secured by residential real estate.

Consumer – loans are to individuals in the Company’s local markets and auto loans are generally secured by personal vehicles and appropriately underwritten.

The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases, segregated by portfolio segment, credit quality rating and year of origination as of September 30, 2024, and gross charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial and agricultural
Grades 1-6	$	86,204	$	124,539	$	73,638	$	50,359	$	28,475	$	21,606	$	301,330	$	—	$	686,151
Grades 7-12	113		4,495		7,771		4,042		222		2,430		17,952		—		37,025
Total commercial and agricultural	86,317		129,034		81,409		54,401		28,697		24,036		319,282		—		723,176
Current period gross charge-offs	—		210		62		542		—		—		8,301		—		9,115
Renewable energy
Grades 1-6	63,584		216,738		22,414		72,933		24,038		80,240		—		—		479,947
Grades 7-12	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total renewable energy	63,584		216,738		22,414		72,933		24,038		80,240		—		—		479,947
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Auto and light truck
Grades 1-6	361,444		347,812		131,622		32,423		12,750		8,592		—		—		894,643
Grades 7-12	17,721		32,572		2,374		172		1,504		487		—		—		54,830
Total auto and light truck	379,165		380,384		133,996		32,595		14,254		9,079		—		—		949,473
Current period gross charge-offs	—		144		167		6		—		1		—		—		318
Medium and heavy duty truck
Grades 1-6	65,957		77,979		88,191		30,056		14,240		7,823		—		—		284,246
Grades 7-12	209		2,526		9,052		1,322		214		244		—		1,395		14,962
Total medium and heavy duty truck	66,166		80,505		97,243		31,378		14,454		8,067		—		1,395		299,208
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Aircraft
Grades 1-6	226,280		201,007		306,783		162,390		95,957		38,786		7,642		—		1,038,845
Grades 7-12	2,882		7,786		10,727		1,874		3,687		—		—		—		26,956
Total aircraft	229,162		208,793		317,510		164,264		99,644		38,786		7,642		—		1,065,801
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		15		—		53		—		—		68
Construction equipment
Grades 1-6	337,390		358,746		233,124		83,327		40,519		17,548		22,126		3,098		1,095,878
Grades 7-12	3,006		12,092		15,075		2,114		13,202		—		—		—		45,489
Total construction equipment	340,396		370,838		248,199		85,441		53,721		17,548		22,126		3,098		1,141,367
Current period gross charge-offs	—		89		369		140		—		—		—		—		598
Commercial real estate
Grades 1-6	149,116		336,622		239,491		132,654		87,077		191,618		273		—		1,136,851
Grades 7-12	145		9,920		3,751		3,226		422		2,508		—		—		19,972
Total commercial real estate	149,261		346,542		243,242		135,880		87,499		194,126		273		—		1,156,823
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate and home equity
Performing	67,011		72,045		96,185		82,969		81,111		89,044		167,587		6,348		662,300
Nonperforming	—		145		390		86		95		789		658		118		2,281
Total residential real estate and home equity	67,011		72,190		96,575		83,055		81,206		89,833		168,245		6,466		664,581
Current period gross charge-offs	—		3		—		—		—		—		10		—		13
Consumer
Performing	36,364		37,515		32,886		12,141		3,029		1,321		11,738		—		134,994
Nonperforming	21		316		262		72		37		22		—		—		730
Total consumer	36,385		37,831		33,148		12,213		3,066		1,343		11,738		—		135,724
Current period gross charge-offs	407		190		213		101		10		—		14		—		935

12

The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases, segregated by portfolio segment, credit quality rating and year of origination as of December 31, 2023, and gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023.

	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial and agricultural
Grades 1-6	$	155,656	$	124,717	$	68,473	$	39,708	$	18,658	$	15,856	$	299,495	$	—	$	722,563
Grades 7-12	7,502		2,657		4,886		501		293		418		27,403		—		43,660
Total commercial and agricultural	163,158		127,374		73,359		40,209		18,951		16,274		326,898		—		766,223
Current period gross charge-offs	668		499		15		17		4		—		3,102		—		4,305
Renewable energy
Grades 1-6	177,364		23,679		86,836		29,138		56,935		25,756		—		—		399,708
Grades 7-12	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total renewable energy	177,364		23,679		86,836		29,138		56,935		25,756		—		—		399,708
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Auto and light truck
Grades 1-6	603,406		248,701		64,182		24,986		13,573		5,287		—		—		960,135
Grades 7-12	908		1,848		474		2,490		632		425		—		—		6,777
Total auto and light truck	604,314		250,549		64,656		27,476		14,205		5,712		—		—		966,912
Current period gross charge-offs	126		360		128		33		19		63		—		—		729
Medium and heavy duty truck
Grades 1-6	96,254		114,490		44,069		24,645		15,264		4,202		—		—		298,924
Grades 7-12	3,565		7,010		1,675		—		773		—		—		—		13,023
Total medium and heavy duty truck	99,819		121,500		45,744		24,645		16,037		4,202		—		—		311,947
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Aircraft
Grades 1-6	269,635		355,175		197,579		140,744		37,244		36,936		6,420		—		1,043,733
Grades 7-12	10,120		9,475		3,704		4,543		—		6,597		—		—		34,439
Total aircraft	279,755		364,650		201,283		145,287		37,244		43,533		6,420		—		1,078,172
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Construction equipment
Grades 1-6	459,884		333,008		131,838		64,998		29,543		7,803		26,044		2,346		1,055,464
Grades 7-12	6,915		20,826		1,037		510		—		—		—		—		29,288
Total construction equipment	466,799		353,834		132,875		65,508		29,543		7,803		26,044		2,346		1,084,752
Current period gross charge-offs	—		44		10		—		—		—		—		—		54
Commercial real estate
Grades 1-6	336,287		251,055		148,597		105,282		86,452		187,306		275		—		1,115,254
Grades 7-12	678		5,313		2,576		651		4,372		1,017		—		—		14,607
Total commercial real estate	336,965		256,368		151,173		105,933		90,824		188,323		275		—		1,129,861
Current period gross charge-offs	—		39		30		—		179		—		—		—		248
Residential real estate and home equity
Performing	87,767		110,058		89,458		88,232		30,681		72,211		152,037		5,575		636,019
Nonperforming	—		107		74		—		414		756		536		67		1,954
Total residential real estate and home equity	87,767		110,165		89,532		88,232		31,095		72,967		152,573		5,642		637,973
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		54		39		8		101
Consumer
Performing	53,023		47,789		19,739		6,286		2,539		1,021		12,063		—		142,460
Nonperforming	63		246		123		31		28		6		—		—		497
Total consumer	53,086		48,035		19,862		6,317		2,567		1,027		12,063		—		142,957
Current period gross charge-offs	541		455		138		28		17		3		29		—		1,211

13

The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases, segregated by portfolio segment, with delinquency aging and nonaccrual status.

(Dollars in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing		Total Accruing  Loans		Nonaccrual		Total Financing Receivables
September 30, 2024
Commercial and agricultural	$	716,077	$	1,697	$	—	$	—	$	717,774	$	5,402	$	723,176
Renewable energy	479,947		—		—		—		479,947		—		479,947
Auto and light truck	946,465		8		—		—		946,473		3,000		949,473
Medium and heavy duty truck	299,208		—		—		—		299,208		—		299,208
Aircraft	1,065,801		—		—		—		1,065,801		—		1,065,801
Construction equipment	1,117,319		1,620		3,778		—		1,122,717		18,650		1,141,367
Commercial real estate	1,146,094		10,014		—		—		1,156,108		715		1,156,823
Residential real estate and home equity	659,740		2,094		467		97		662,398		2,183		664,581
Consumer	134,214		667		112		3		134,996		728		135,724
Total	$	6,564,865	$	16,100	$	4,357	$	100	$	6,585,422	$	30,678	$	6,616,100
December 31, 2023
Commercial and agricultural	$	752,947	$	9	$	—	$	—	$	752,956	$	13,267	$	766,223
Renewable energy	399,708		—		—		—		399,708		—		399,708
Auto and light truck	962,226		20		—		—		962,246		4,666		966,912
Medium and heavy duty truck	311,915		32		—		—		311,947		—		311,947
Aircraft	1,069,830		8,113		229		—		1,078,172		—		1,078,172
Construction equipment	1,078,912		2,044		3,620		—		1,084,576		176		1,084,752
Commercial real estate	1,126,806		—		85		—		1,126,891		2,970		1,129,861
Residential real estate and home equity	634,345		1,623		51		142		636,161		1,812		637,973
Consumer	141,489		864		107		7		142,467		490		142,957
Total	$	6,478,178	$	12,705	$	4,092	$	149	$	6,495,124	$	23,381	$	6,518,505

Accrued interest receivable on loans and leases at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $26.23 million and $25.35 million, respectively.

The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, segregated by portfolio segment and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost of loans and leases that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost of each segment of financial receivable is also presented below.

(Dollars in thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Payment Delay and Term Extension		% of Total Segment Financing Receivables
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Commercial and agricultural	$	1,052	$	10	$	—	$	—	0.15	%
Commercial real estate	988		—		—		—		0.09
Total	$	2,040	$	10	$	—	$	—	0.03	%
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Commercial and agricultural	$	196	$	—	$	—	$	500	0.09	%
Total	$	196	$	—	$	—	$	500	0.01	%

14

The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, segregated by portfolio segment and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost of loans and leases that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost of each segment of financial receivable is also presented below.

(Dollars in thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Payment Delay and Term Extension		% of Total Segment Financing Receivables
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Commercial and agricultural	$	1,052	$	118	$	—	$	—	0.16	%
Auto and light truck	—		—		—		28,847		3.04
Commercial real estate	988		—		—		—		0.09
Total	$	2,040	$	118	$	—	$	28,847	0.47	%
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Commercial and agricultural	$	3,360	$	125	$	—	$	1,312	0.63	%
Construction equipment	—		1,809		—		—		0.17
Commercial real estate	296		—		451		—		0.07
Total	$	3,656	$	1,934	$	451	$	1,312	0.12	%

There were $0.00 million and $0.19 million in commitments to lend additional amounts to the borrowers included in the previous table at September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company closely monitors the performance of loans and leases that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table shows the performance of such loans and leases that have been modified during the twelve months ended September 30, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

(Dollars in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due
Twelve months ended September 30, 2024
Commercial and agricultural	$	1,170	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Auto and light truck	28,847		—		—		—		—
Medium and heavy duty truck	8,645		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate	988		—		—		—		—
Total	$	39,650	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Commercial and agricultural	$	1,633	$	—	$	—	$	3,164	$	3,164
Construction equipment	1,809		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate	747		—		—		—		—
Total	$	4,189	$	—	$	—	$	3,164	$	3,164

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The following table shows the financial effect of loan and lease modifications during the periods presented in the previous table to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

	Weighted- Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted- Average Term Extension (in months)	Weighted- Average Payment Delay (in months)	Combination Weighted-Average Payment Delay and Term Extension (in months)
Twelve months ended September 30, 2024
Commercial and agricultural	—	%	10	6	3
Auto and light truck	—		0	0	3
Medium and heavy duty truck	—		0	0	6
Commercial real estate	—		0	6	0
Total	—	%	10	6	4
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Commercial and agricultural	—	%	3	6	44
Construction equipment	—		5	0	0
Commercial real estate	3.00		0	3	0
Total	3.00	%	4	6	44

There was one modified loan that had a payment default during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and one modified loan that had a payment default during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty.

Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan or lease has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan or lease is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for loan and lease losses is adjusted by the same amount.

Note 5 — Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan and lease portfolios utilizing guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 326. The determination of the allowance requires significant judgment to estimate credit losses measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist, and for loans evaluated individually. In determining the allowance, the Company estimates expected future losses for the loan’s entire contractual term adjusted for expected payments when appropriate. The allowance estimate considers relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to the historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts for the Company’s outstanding loan and lease balances. The allowance is an estimation that reflects management’s evaluation of expected losses related to the Company’s financial assets measured at amortized cost. To ensure the allowance is maintained at an adequate level, a detailed analysis is performed on a quarterly basis and an appropriate provision is made to adjust the allowance.

The Company categorizes its loan portfolios into nine segments based on similar risk characteristics. Loans within each segment are collectively evaluated using either: 1) a cohort cumulative loss rate methodology (“cohort”) or, 2) the probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) methodology (PD/LGD).

The following table shows the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses, segregated by portfolio segment, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

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(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial and agricultural		Renewable energy		Auto and light truck		Medium  and heavy duty  truck		Aircraft		Construction equipment		Commercial real estate		Residential real estate and home equity		Consumer		Total
September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	18,637	$	7,653	$	17,726	$	9,221	$	35,166	$	26,944	$	24,847	$	7,792	$	2,081	$	150,067
Charge-offs	2,004		—		302		—		—		—		—		—		323		2,629
Recoveries	217		—		719		—		214		28		538		2		60		1,778
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	1,787		—		(417)		—		(214)		(28)		(538)		(2)		263		851
Provision (recovery of provision)	2,812		304		(188)		(559)		332		1,051		(1,118)		43		431		3,108
Balance, end of period	$	19,662	$	7,957	$	17,955	$	8,662	$	35,712	$	28,023	$	24,267	$	7,837	$	2,249	$	152,324
September 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	16,637	$	6,308	$	17,173	$	7,556	$	40,571	$	26,105	$	20,356	$	6,767	$	2,069	$	143,542
Charge-offs	2,261		—		189		—		—		—		—		45		283		2,778
Recoveries	20		—		1,825		—		243		284		—		1		78		2,451
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	2,241		—		(1,636)		—		(243)		(284)		—		44		205		327
Provision (recovery of provision)	573		(203)		(2,471)		155		(354)		506		2,288		168		197		859
Balance, end of period	$	14,969	$	6,105	$	16,338	$	7,711	$	40,460	$	26,895	$	22,644	$	6,891	$	2,061	$	144,074

The following table shows the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses, segregated by portfolio segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial and agricultural		Renewable energy		Auto and light truck		Medium and heavy duty truck		Aircraft		Construction equipment		Commercial real estate		Residential real estate and home equity		Consumer		Total
September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	17,385	$	6,610	$	16,858	$	8,965	$	37,653	$	26,510	$	23,690	$	7,698	$	2,183	$	147,552
Charge-offs	9,115		—		318		—		68		598		—		13		935		11,047
Recoveries	356		—		2,281		—		1,063		1,434		722		24		180		6,060
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	8,759		—		(1,963)		—		(995)		(836)		(722)		(11)		755		4,987
Provision (recovery of provision)	11,036		1,347		(866)		(303)		(2,936)		677		(145)		128		821		9,759
Balance, end of period	$	19,662	$	7,957	$	17,955	$	8,662	$	35,712	$	28,023	$	24,267	$	7,837	$	2,249	$	152,324
September 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	14,635	$	7,217	$	18,634	$	7,566	$	41,093	$	24,039	$	17,431	$	6,478	$	2,175	$	139,268
Charge-offs	2,833		—		301		—		—		45		218		55		879		4,331
Recoveries	209		—		3,414		—		746		291		6		327		189		5,182
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	2,624		—		(3,113)		—		(746)		(246)		212		(272)		690		(851)
Provision (recovery of provision)	2,958		(1,112)		(5,409)		145		(1,379)		2,610		5,425		141		576		3,955
Balance, end of period	$	14,969	$	6,105	$	16,338	$	7,711	$	40,460	$	26,895	$	22,644	$	6,891	$	2,061	$	144,074

The higher allowance for credit losses during the current quarter reflects an increase in special attention outstandings which carry higher reserves, the impact of a change in quantitative assumptions regarding the treatment of renewals for loans in special attention which increased historical loss rates primarily in the commercial and agricultural and construction equipment portfolios, and modest net credit losses during the period. The previous quarter’s forecast adjustment was increased slightly as a mixed overall outlook and softening economic conditions are anticipated during the two-year time horizon. The Company remains cautious on the forward outlook and its forecast adjustment represents fragile growth expectations during the forecast period. Ongoing risks include heightened geopolitical instability, tightened credit conditions, increasing consumer stressors, a softening labor market, and elevated inflation and interest rates. Credit quality metrics reflect higher special attention outstandings during the current quarter, with modest levels of non-performing and delinquency that are trending higher. The Company reported modest net losses during the current quarter, reporting credit losses in the commercial and agricultural and consumer portfolios, partially offset by recoveries in the auto and light truck, commercial real estate, and aircraft portfolios.

Commercial and agricultural – the increase in the allowance in the current quarter was principally due to higher loss rates from the aforementioned change in quantitative assumptions regarding renewals of special attention loans along with slightly higher loan balances during the period. Also, the portfolio has experienced higher credit losses in recent quarters.

Renewable energy – the allowance increased due to higher loan balances. Credit quality remains stable.

Auto and light truck – the allowance increased during the current quarter due to increased special attention loan balances which carry higher reserves, largely offset by a decrease in loan balances during the period.

Medium and heavy duty truck – the allowance decreased due to lower loan balances. The near-term industry outlook remains weak due to overcapacity in the segment which has negatively pressured freight rates.

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Aircraft – the allowance increased during the current quarter as the higher reserved foreign segment of the portfolio experienced increased loan volumes. The Company has historically carried a higher allowance in this portfolio due to risk volatility.

Construction equipment – the allowance increased due to loan growth, higher loss rates from the aforementioned change in quantitative assumptions regarding renewals of special attention loans, and higher specific impairments in the portfolio.

Commercial real estate – the allowance decreased due to lower loan balances. Higher interest rates and shifting demand dynamics have impacted commercial real estate. The majority of the Company’s real estate exposure is owner-occupied, and exposure to non-owner-occupied office property is minimal.

Residential real estate and home equity – the allowance increased slightly due to modest loan growth.

Consumer – the allowance increased slightly due to the addition of a qualitative factor which addresses the trend of modestly higher delinquency and non-performing rates in the portfolio, offsetting a slight decrease in loan balances.

Economic Outlook

As of September 30, 2024, the most significant economic factors impacting the Company’s loan portfolios are a fragile domestic growth outlook, impacted by elevated inflation and interest rates, along with broadening foreign conflicts and increasing geopolitical instability. The labor market has shown signs of softening and questions surrounding the timing and velocity of future interest rate cuts persist. The Company remains concerned about the impact of tighter credit conditions on the economy and the effect that may have on future economic growth. Consumer stressors are increasing, and the Company remains concerned about small businesses and their ability to control expenses and compete for labor, while absorbing the impact of higher interest rates and higher cost of capital. Asset valuations which collateralize loans, particularly in the auto and light truck and medium and heavy duty portfolios, are softening. Tightened lending conditions and the higher-rate environment are impacting commercial real estate activity. The forecast considers global and domestic economic impacts from these factors, as well as other key economic factors, such as changes in gross domestic product and unemployment which may impact the Company’s clients. The Company’s assumption is that economic growth will be somewhat tepid during the forecast period over the next two years, with inflation slowly moving back towards the 2% Federal Reserve target rate, resulting in an adverse impact on the loan and lease portfolio.

As a result of geopolitical risks and economic uncertainty, the Company’s future loss estimates may vary considerably from the September 30, 2024 assumptions.

Liability for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments

The liability for credit losses inherent in unfunded loan commitments is included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following table shows the changes in the liability for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	8,694	$	7,370	$	8,182	$	5,616
(Recovery of provision) provision	(1,385)		649		(873)		2,403
Balance, end of period	$	7,309	$	8,019	$	7,309	$	8,019

Note 6 — Lease Investments

As a lessor, the Company’s loan and lease portfolio includes direct finance leases, which are included in Commercial and Agricultural, Renewable Energy, Auto and Light Truck, Medium and Heavy Duty Truck, Aircraft, and Construction Equipment on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company also finances various types of construction equipment, medium and heavy duty trucks, automobiles and other equipment under leases classified as operating leases, which are included in Equipment Owned Under Operating Leases, net, on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

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The following table shows interest income recognized from direct finance lease payments and operating lease equipment rental income and related depreciation expense.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Direct finance leases:
Interest income on lease receivable	$	3,451	$	3,584	$	10,341	$	9,939
Operating leases:
Income related to lease payments	$	1,141	$	2,101	$	4,069	$	6,930
Depreciation expense	907		1,672		3,194		5,570

Income related to reimbursements from lessees for personal property tax on operating leased equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $0.00 million and $0.00 million, respectively and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was $0.16 million and $0.23 million, respectively. Expense related to personal property tax payments on operating leased equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was $0.00 million and $0.00 million, respectively and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was $0.16 million and $0.23 million, respectively.

Note 7 — Mortgage Servicing Rights

The Company recognizes the rights to service residential mortgage loans for others as separate assets, whether the servicing rights are acquired through a separate purchase or through the sale of originated loans with servicing rights retained. The Company allocates a portion of the total proceeds of a mortgage loan to servicing rights based on the relative fair value. The unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans serviced for third parties was $785.43 million and $806.05 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) are evaluated for impairment at each reporting date. For purposes of impairment measurement, MSRs are stratified based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying servicing, principally by loan type. If temporary impairment exists within a tranche, a valuation allowance is established through a charge to income equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. If it is later determined all or a portion of the temporary impairment no longer exists for a particular tranche, the valuation allowance is reduced through a recovery of income.

The following table shows changes in the carrying value of MSRs and the associated valuation allowance.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Mortgage servicing rights:
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,567	$	3,874	$	3,670	$	4,137
Additions	130		119		396		291
Amortization	(207)		(217)		(576)		(652)
Carrying value before valuation allowance at end of period	3,490		3,776		3,490		3,776
Valuation allowance:
Balance at beginning of period	—		—		—		—
Impairment recoveries	—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Net carrying value of mortgage servicing rights at end of period	$	3,490	$	3,776	$	3,490	$	3,776
Fair value of mortgage servicing rights at end of period	$	7,842	$	8,029	$	7,842	$	8,029

At September 30, 2024 and 2023, the fair value of MSRs exceeded the carrying value reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition by $4.35 million and $4.25 million, respectively. This difference represents increases in the fair value of certain MSRs that could not be recorded above cost basis.

Mortgage loan contractual servicing fees, including late fees and ancillary income, were $0.63 million and $0.63 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Mortgage loan contractual servicing fees, including late fees and ancillary income, were $1.80 million and $1.92 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Mortgage loan contractual servicing fees are included in Mortgage Banking on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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Note 8 — Commitments and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk — 1st Source and its subsidiaries are parties to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business. These off-balance-sheet financial instruments include commitments to originate and sell loans and standby letters of credit. The instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The following table shows financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Amounts of commitments:
Loan commitments to extend credit	$	1,361,575	$	1,454,506
Standby letters of credit	$	22,209	$	17,287
Commercial and similar letters of credit	$	—	$	7,047

The exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for loan commitments and standby letters of credit is represented by the dollar amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies and collateral requirements in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

The Company grants mortgage loan commitments to borrowers, subject to normal loan underwriting standards. The interest rate risk associated with these loan commitments is managed by entering into contracts for future deliveries of loans. Loan commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments that guarantee the performance of a client to a third party. The credit risk involved in and collateral obtained when issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments to clients. Standby letters of credit generally have terms ranging from two months to one year.

Commercial letters of credit are issued specifically to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being drawn on when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and the third party. Commercial letters of credit generally have terms ranging from two months to six months.

Note 9 — Derivative Financial Instruments

Commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale and forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans are considered derivative instruments. See Note 8 for further information.

The Company has certain interest rate derivative positions that are not designated as hedging instruments. Derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and do not take into account the effects of master netting agreements. Master netting agreements allow the Company to settle all derivative contracts held with a single counterparty on a net basis, and to offset net derivative positions with related collateral, where applicable. These derivative positions relate to transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a client while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with another financial institution. In connection with each transaction, the Company agrees to pay interest to the client on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the client on the same notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Company agrees to pay another financial institution the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. The transaction allows the client to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate. Because the terms of the swaps with the customers and the other financial institutions offset each other, with the only difference being counterparty credit risk, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts are not materially different and do not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations.

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The following table shows the amounts of non-hedging derivative financial instruments.

			Asset derivatives			Liability derivatives
(Dollars in thousands)	Notional or contractual amount		Statement of Financial Condition classification	Fair value		Statement of Financial Condition classification	Fair value
September 30, 2024
Interest rate swap contracts	$	1,081,092	Other assets	$	20,064	Other liabilities	$	20,433
Loan commitments	5,817		Mortgages held for sale	201		N/A	—
Forward contracts - mortgage loan	7,500		N/A	—		Mortgages held for sale	9
Total	$	1,094,409		$	20,265		$	20,442
December 31, 2023
Interest rate swap contracts	$	1,085,618	Other assets	$	22,704	Other liabilities	$	23,140
Loan commitments	2,824		Mortgages held for sale	107		N/A	—
Forward contracts - mortgage loan	3,500		N/A	—		Mortgages held for sale	16
Total	$	1,091,942		$	22,811		$	23,156

The following table shows the amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Income for non-hedging derivative financial instruments.

		Gain (loss)
		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	Statement of Income classification	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest rate swap contracts	Other expense	$	26	$	(42)	$	68	$	(41)
Interest rate swap contracts	Other income	190		475		743		766
Loan commitments	Mortgage banking	(84)		(14)		94		76
Forward contracts - mortgage loan	Mortgage banking	(30)		8		7		12
Total		$	102	$	427	$	912	$	813

The following table shows the offsetting of financial assets and derivative assets.

							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
September 30, 2024
Interest rate swaps	$	20,064	$	—	$	20,064	$	—	$	—	$	20,064
December 31, 2023
Interest rate swaps	$	22,704	$	—	$	22,704	$	—	$	10,795	$	11,909

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The following table shows the offsetting of financial liabilities and derivative liabilities.

							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
September 30, 2024
Interest rate swaps	$	20,433	$	—	$	20,433	$	—	$	525	$	19,908
Repurchase agreements	63,553		—		63,553		63,553		—		—
Total	$	83,986	$	—	$	83,986	$	63,553	$	525	$	19,908
December 31, 2023
Interest rate swaps	$	23,140	$	—	$	23,140	$	—	$	—	$	23,140
Repurchase agreements	55,809		—		55,809		55,809		—		—
Total	$	78,949	$	—	$	78,949	$	55,809	$	—	$	23,140

If a default in performance of any obligation of a repurchase agreement occurs, each party will set-off property held in respect of transactions against obligations owing in respect of any other transactions. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, repurchase agreements had a remaining contractual maturity of $63.50 million and $54.46 million in overnight and $0.05 million and $1.35 million in up to 30 days, respectively and were collateralized by U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities.

Note 10 — Variable Interest Entities

A variable interest entity (VIE) is a partnership, limited liability company, trust or other legal entity that meets any one of the following criteria:

•The entity does not have sufficient equity to conduct its activities without additional subordinated financial support from another party.

•The entity’s investors lack the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the entity’s economic performance.

•The entity’s at-risk holders do not have the obligation to absorb the losses or the right to receive residual returns.

•The voting rights of some investors are not proportional to their economic interests in the entity, and substantially all of the entity’s activities involve, or are conducted on behalf of, investors with disproportionately few voting rights.

The Company is involved in various entities that are considered to be VIEs. The Company’s investments in VIEs are primarily related to investments promoting affordable housing, community development and renewable energy sources. Some of these tax-advantaged investments support the Company’s regulatory compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. The Company’s investments in these entities generate a return primarily through the realization of federal and state income tax credits and other tax benefits, such as tax deductions from operating losses of the investments, over specified time periods. These tax credits are recognized as a reduction of tax expense or, for investments qualifying as investment tax credits, as a reduction to the related investment asset. The Company recognized federal and state income tax credits related to its affordable housing and community development tax-advantaged investments in tax expense of $0.80 million and $0.66 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2.39 million and $1.99 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company also recognized $1.34 million and $0.57 million of investment tax credits for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $12.13 million and $25.02 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company is not required to consolidate VIEs in which it has concluded it does not have a controlling financial interest, and thus is not the primary beneficiary. In such cases, the Company does not have both the power to direct the entities’ most significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. As a limited partner in these operating partnerships, the Company is allocated credits and deductions associated with the underlying properties. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these investments because the general partners have the power to direct activities that most significantly influence the economic performance of their respective partnerships.

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The Company’s investments in these unconsolidated VIEs are carried in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company’s unfunded capital and other commitments related to these unconsolidated VIEs are generally carried in Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from these unconsolidated VIEs includes the investment recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, net of unfunded capital commitments, and previously recorded tax credits which remain subject to recapture by taxing authorities based on compliance features required to be met at the project level. While the Company believes potential losses from these investments are remote, the maximum exposure was determined by assuming a scenario where the community-based business projects, housing projects, and renewable energy projects completely fail and do not meet certain taxing authority compliance requirements, resulting in recapture of the related tax credits.

The following table provides a summary of investments in affordable housing, community development, and renewable energy VIEs that the Company has not consolidated.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Investment carrying amount	$	70,889	$	79,228
Unfunded capital and other commitments	62,260		80,719
Maximum exposure to loss	71,686		59,649

The Company is required to consolidate VIEs in which it has concluded it has significant involvement and the ability to direct the activities that impact the entity’s economic performance. The Company is the managing general partner of entities in which it shares interest in tax-advantaged investments with a third party. At September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, approximately $78.77 million and $87.37 million, respectively, of the Company’s assets and $0.00 million and $0.00 million, respectively, of its liabilities included on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition were related to tax-advantaged investment VIEs which the Company has consolidated. The assets of the consolidated VIEs are reported in Other Assets, the liabilities are reported in Other Liabilities, and the non-controlling interest is reported in Equity on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The assets of a particular VIE are the primary source of funds to settle its obligations. The creditors of the VIE do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company. The Company’s exposure to the consolidated VIE is generally limited to the carrying value of its variable interest plus any related tax credits previously recognized.

Additionally, the Company sponsors one trust, 1st Source Master Trust (Capital Trust), of which 100% of the common equity is owned by the Company. The Capital Trust was formed in 2007 for the purpose of issuing corporation-obligated mandatorily redeemable capital securities (the capital securities) to third-party investors and investing the proceeds from the sale of the capital securities solely in junior subordinated debenture securities of the Company (the subordinated notes). The subordinated notes held by the Capital Trust are the sole assets of the Capital Trust. The Capital Trust qualifies as a variable interest entity for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary and is therefore reported in the financial statements as an unconsolidated subsidiary. The junior subordinated debentures are reflected as subordinated notes on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition with the corresponding interest distributions reflected as Interest Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The common shares issued by the Capital Trust are included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Distributions on the capital securities issued by the Capital Trust are payable quarterly at a rate per annum equal to the interest rate being earned by the Capital Trust on the subordinated notes held by the Capital Trust. The capital securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the subordinated notes. The Company has entered into agreements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee the capital securities subject to the terms of each of the guarantees. The capital securities held by the Capital Trust qualify as Tier 1 capital under Federal Reserve Board guidelines.

The following table shows subordinated notes at September 30, 2024.

(Dollars in thousands)	Amount of Subordinated Notes		Interest Rate		Maturity Date
June 2007 issuance (1)	$	41,238	7.22	%	6/15/2037
August 2007 issuance (2)	17,526		6.69	%	9/15/2037
Total	$	58,764

(1) Fixed rate through life of debt.

(2) 3-Month Term SOFR + the 3-Month tenor spread adjustment + 1.48% through remaining life of debt.

23

Note 11 — Earnings Per Share

Earnings per common share is computed using the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, excluding outstanding participating securities. Participating securities include non-vested restricted stock awards. Non-vested restricted stock awards are considered participating securities to the extent the holders of these securities receive non-forfeitable dividends at the same rate as holders of common stock. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares determined for the basic earnings per common share computation plus the dilutive effect of stock compensation using the treasury stock method.

Stock options, where the exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the result would have been antidilutive. There were no stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. The following table presents a reconciliation of the number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands - except per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Distributed earnings allocated to common stock	$	8,821	$	7,900	$	25,438	$	23,694
Undistributed earnings allocated to common stock	25,801		24,707		74,795		71,894
Net earnings allocated to common stock	34,622		32,607		100,233		95,588
Net earnings allocated to participating securities	315		332		952		910
Net income allocated to common stock and participating securities	$	34,937	$	32,939	$	101,185	$	96,498
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share	24,514,144		24,660,508		24,489,665		24,677,914
Dilutive effect of stock compensation	—		—		—		—
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share	24,514,144		24,660,508		24,489,665		24,677,914
Basic earnings per common share	$	1.41	$	1.32	$	4.09	$	3.87
Diluted earnings per common share	$	1.41	$	1.32	$	4.09	$	3.87

Note 12 — Stock Based Compensation

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had four active stock-based employee compensation plans, which are more fully described in Note 16 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in 1st Source’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. These plans include three executive stock award plans, the Executive Incentive Plan (EIP), the Restricted Stock Award Plan (RSAP), the Strategic Deployment Incentive Plan (SDP); and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The 2011 Stock Option Plan was approved by the shareholders on April 21, 2011, but the Company had not made any grants through September 30, 2024.

Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted is based on the grant-date fair value. For all awards except stock option awards, the grant date fair value is either the fair market value per share or book value per share (corresponding to the type of stock awarded) as of the grant date. For stock option awards, the grant date fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For all awards, the Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, for which the Company uses the related vesting term.

Total fair value of options vested and expensed was zero for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023 there were no outstanding stock options. There were no stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. All shares issued in connection with stock option exercises are issued from available treasury stock.

As of September 30, 2024, there was $11.34 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.31 years.

24

Note 13 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Realized losses included in net income	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(44)	Losses on investment securities available-for-sale
	—		—		—		(44)		Income before income taxes
Tax effect	—		—		—		10		Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(34)	Net income

Note 14 — Income Taxes

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate if recognized was zero at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Interest and penalties are recognized through the income tax provision. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized no interest or penalties. There were no accrued interest and penalties at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Tax years that remain open and subject to audit include the federal 2020-2023 years and the Indiana 2020-2023 years. The Company does not anticipate a significant change in the amount of uncertain tax positions within the next 12 months.

Note 15 — Fair Value Measurements

The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are also utilized to determine the initial value of certain assets and liabilities, to perform impairment assessments, and for disclosure purposes. The Company uses quoted market prices and observable inputs to the maximum extent possible when measuring fair value. In the absence of quoted market prices, various valuation techniques are utilized to measure fair value. When possible, observable market data for identical or similar financial instruments is used in the valuation. When market data is not available, fair value is determined using valuation models that incorporate management’s estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Fair value measurements are classified within one of three levels based on the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:

•Level 1 — The valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.

•Level 2 — The valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

•Level 3 — The valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by minimal or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instrument. Level 3 valuations are typically performed using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate management’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument, or valuations that require significant management judgment or estimation.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company elected fair value accounting for mortgages held for sale and for its best-efforts forward sales commitments. The Company economically hedges its mortgages held for sale at the time the interest rate locks are issued to the customers. The Company believes the election for mortgages held for sale will reduce certain timing differences and better match changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives or best-best efforts forward sales commitments. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all mortgages held for sale were carried at fair value.

25

The following table shows the differences between the fair value carrying amount of mortgages held for sale measured at fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal amount the Company is contractually entitled to receive at maturity.

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair value  carrying amount		Aggregate unpaid principal		Excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal
September 30, 2024
Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value	$	3,690	$	3,358	$	332	(1)
December 31, 2023
Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value	$	1,442	$	1,297	$	145	(1)

(1)The excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal is included in mortgage banking income and includes changes in fair value at and subsequent to funding and gains and losses on the related loan commitment prior to funding.

Financial Instruments on Recurring Basis:

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Investment securities available-for-sale are valued primarily by a third-party pricing agent. Prices supplied by the independent pricing agent, as well as their pricing methodologies and assumptions, are reviewed by the Company for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with market levels. In general, the Company’s investment securities do not possess a complex structure that could introduce greater valuation risk. The portfolio mainly consists of traditional investments including U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities, Federal agency mortgage pass-through securities, and general obligation and revenue municipal bonds. Pricing for such instruments is fairly generic and is easily obtained. On a quarterly basis, prices supplied by the pricing agent are validated by comparison to prices obtained from other third-party sources for a material portion of the portfolio.

The valuation policy and procedures for Level 3 fair value measurements of available-for-sale debt securities are decided through collaboration between management of the Corporate Accounting and Funds Management departments. The changes in fair value measurement for Level 3 securities are analyzed on a periodic basis under a collaborative framework with the aforementioned departments. The methodology and variables used for input are derived from the combination of observable and unobservable inputs. The unobservable inputs are determined through internal assumptions that may vary from period to period due to external factors, such as market movement and credit rating adjustments.

Both the market and income valuation approaches are implemented using the following types of inputs:

•U.S. treasuries are priced using the market approach and utilizing live data feeds from active market exchanges for identical securities.

•Government-sponsored agency debt securities and corporate bonds are primarily priced using available market information through processes such as benchmark curves, market valuations of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing.

•Other government-sponsored agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and some of the actively traded REMICs and CMOs, are primarily priced using available market information including benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, spreads and volatility of similar securities.

•State and political subdivisions are largely grouped by characteristics, i.e., geographical data and source of revenue in trade dissemination systems. Since some securities are not traded daily and due to other grouping limitations, active market quotes are often obtained using benchmarking for like securities. Local direct placement municipal securities, with very little market activity, are priced using an appropriate market yield curve, which includes a credit spread assumption.

Mortgages held for sale and the related loan commitments and forward contracts (hedges) are valued by a third-party pricing agent. Prices supplied by the independent pricing agent, as well as their pricing methodologies, are reviewed by the Company for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with market values. On a quarterly basis, prices supplied by the pricing agent are validated by comparison to the prices obtained from other third-party sources.

26

Interest rate swap positions, both assets and liabilities, are valued by a third-party pricing agent using an income approach and utilizing models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters. This valuation process considers various factors including interest rate yield curves, time value and volatility factors. Validation of third-party agent valuations is accomplished by comparing those values to the Company’s swap counterparty valuations. Management believes an adjustment is required to “mid-market” valuations for derivatives tied to its performing loan portfolio to recognize the imprecision and related exposure inherent in the process of estimating expected credit losses as well as velocity of deterioration evident with systemic risks embedded in these portfolios. Any change in the mid-market derivative valuation adjustment will be recognized immediately through the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table shows the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2024
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	479,400	$	343,967	$	—	$	823,367
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	—		81,991		1,058		83,049
Mortgage-backed securities — Federal agencies	—		656,545		—		656,545
Corporate debt securities	—		—		—		—
Foreign government and other securities	—		500		—		500
Total debt securities available-for-sale	479,400		1,083,003		1,058		1,563,461
Mortgages held for sale	—		3,690		—		3,690
Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements)	—		20,064		—		20,064
Total	$	479,400	$	1,106,757	$	1,058	$	1,587,215
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements)	$	—	$	20,433	$	—	$	20,433
Total	$	—	$	20,433	$	—	$	20,433
December 31, 2023
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	541,461	$	381,405	$	—	$	922,866
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	—		91,403		1,161		92,564
Mortgage-backed securities — Federal agencies	—		598,252		—		598,252
Corporate debt securities	—		8,329		—		8,329
Foreign government and other securities	—		589		—		589
Total debt securities available-for-sale	541,461		1,079,978		1,161		1,622,600
Mortgages held for sale	—		1,442		—		1,442
Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements)	—		22,704		—		22,704
Total	$	541,461	$	1,104,124	$	1,161	$	1,646,746
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements)	$	—	$	23,140	$	—	$	23,140
Total	$	—	$	23,140	$	—	$	23,140

27

The following table shows changes in Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

(Dollars in thousands)	U.S. States and political subdivisions securities
Beginning balance July 1, 2024	$	1,037
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)	21
Purchases	—
Issuances	—
Sales	—
Settlements	—
Maturities	—
Transfers into Level 3	—
Transfers out of Level 3	—
Ending balance September 30, 2024	$	1,058
Beginning balance July 1, 2023	$	4,249
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)	(26)
Purchases	—
Issuances	—
Sales	—
Settlements	—
Maturities	(85)
Transfers into Level 3	—
Transfers out of Level 3	—
Ending balance September 30, 2023	$	4,138

There were no gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2024 or 2023.

The following table shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average
September 30, 2024
Debt securities available-for sale
Direct placement municipal securities	$	1,058	Discounted cash flows	Credit spread assumption	3.41% - 4.25%	3.68	%
December 31, 2023
Debt securities available-for sale
Direct placement municipal securities	$	1,161	Discounted cash flows	Credit spread assumption	0.31% - 5.28%	4.28	%

Financial Instruments on Non-recurring Basis:

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower of cost or market accounting or impairment charges of individual assets.

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The Credit Policy Committee (CPC), a management committee, is responsible for overseeing the valuation processes and procedures for Level 3 measurements of impaired loans, other real estate and repossessions. The CPC reviews these assets on a quarterly basis to determine the accuracy of the observable inputs, generally third-party appraisals, auction values, values derived from trade publications and data submitted by the borrower, and the appropriateness of the unobservable inputs, generally discounts due to current market conditions and collection issues. The CPC establishes discounts based on asset type and valuation source; deviations from the standard are documented. The discounts are reviewed periodically, annually at a minimum, to determine they remain appropriate. Consideration is given to current trends in market values for the asset categories and gains and losses on sales of similar assets. The Loan and Funds Management Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the CPC.

Discounts vary depending on the nature of the assets and the source of value. Aircraft are generally valued using quarterly trade publications adjusted for engine time, condition, maintenance programs, discounted by 10%. Likewise, autos are valued using current auction values, discounted by 10%; medium and heavy duty trucks are valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 15%. Construction equipment is generally valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 20%. Real estate is valued based on appraisals or evaluations, discounted by 20% with higher discounts for property in poor condition or property with characteristics which may make it more difficult to market. Commercial loans subject to borrowing base certificates are generally discounted by 20% for receivables and 40% - 75% for inventory with higher discounts when monthly borrowing base certificates are not required or received.

Collateral-dependent impaired loans and related write-downs are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Collateral values are reviewed quarterly and estimated using customized discounting criteria, appraisals and dealer and trade magazine quotes which are used in a market valuation approach. In accordance with fair value measurements, only impaired loans for which an allowance for loan loss has been established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. As a result, only a portion of the Company’s impaired loans are classified in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company has established MSRs valuation policies and procedures based on industry standards and to ensure valuation methodologies are consistent and verifiable. MSRs and related adjustments to fair value result from application of lower of cost or fair value accounting. For purposes of impairment, MSRs are stratified based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying servicing, principally by loan type. The fair value of each tranche of the servicing portfolio is estimated by calculating the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected mortgage loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs, and other economic factors. Prepayment rates and discount rates are derived through a third-party pricing agent. Changes in the most significant inputs, including prepayment rates and discount rates, are compared to the changes in the fair value measurements and appropriate resolution is made. A fair value analysis is also obtained from an independent third-party agent and compared to the internal valuation for reasonableness. MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices and though sales of MSRs do occur, precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available, and the characteristics of the Company’s servicing portfolio may differ from those of any servicing portfolios that do trade.

Other real estate is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral less expected selling costs. Collateral values are estimated primarily using appraisals and reflect a market value approach. Fair values are reviewed quarterly, and new appraisals are obtained annually. Repossessions are similarly valued.

For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the following represents impairment charges (recoveries) recognized on these assets during the quarter ended September 30, 2024: collateral-dependent impaired loans - $2.30 million; mortgage servicing rights - $0.00 million; repossessions - $0.01 million; and other real estate - $0.00 million.

29

The following table shows the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2024
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	15,666	$	15,666
Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights)	—		—		3,490		3,490
Accrued income and other assets (repossessions)	—		—		109		109
Total	$	—	$	—	$	19,265	$	19,265
December 31, 2023
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	6,289	$	6,289
Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights)	—		—		3,670		3,670
Accrued income and other assets (repossessions)	—		—		705		705
Total	$	—	$	—	$	10,664	$	10,664

The following table below shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average
September 30, 2024
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	15,666	$	15,666	Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions	20% - 73%	29.9	%
Mortgage servicing rights	3,490		7,842		Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate (CPR)	7.9% - 31.2%	8.3	%
						Discount rate	10.3% - 12.3%	10.4	%
Repossessions	109		124		Appraisals, trade publications and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability	0% - 25%	13	%
December 31, 2023
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	6,289	$	6,289	Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions	10% - 20%	13.9	%
Mortgage servicing rights	3,670		8,151		Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate (CPR)	6.1% - 17.6%	7.3	%
						Discount rate	11.0% - 13.1%	11.2	%
Repossessions	705		757		Appraisals, trade publications and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability	0% - 10%	8	%

GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis.

30

The following table shows the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments.

(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying or Contract Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2024
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	99,900	$	99,900	$	99,900	$	—	$	—
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks	69,461		69,461		69,461		—		—
Investment securities, available-for-sale	1,563,461		1,563,461		479,400		1,083,003		1,058
Other investments	23,855		23,855		23,855		—		—
Mortgages held for sale	3,690		3,690		—		3,690		—
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses	6,463,776		6,367,340		—		—		6,367,340
Mortgage servicing rights	3,490		7,842		—		—		7,842
Accrued interest receivable	30,721		30,721		—		30,721		—
Interest rate swaps	20,064		20,064		—		20,064		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	7,125,944	$	7,125,447	$	5,283,336	$	1,842,111	$	—
Short-term borrowings	165,677		165,677		65,630		100,047		—
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	39,220		38,818		—		38,818		—
Subordinated notes	58,764		59,293		—		59,293		—
Accrued interest payable	43,017		43,017		—		43,017		—
Interest rate swaps	20,433		20,433		—		20,433		—
Off-balance-sheet instruments *	—		177		—		177		—
December 31, 2023
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	77,474	$	77,474	$	77,474	$	—	$	—
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks	52,194		52,194		52,194		—		—
Investment securities, available-for-sale	1,622,600		1,622,600		541,461		1,079,978		1,161
Other investments	25,075		25,075		25,075		—		—
Mortgages held for sale	1,442		1,442		—		1,442		—
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses	6,370,953		6,204,791		—		—		6,204,791
Mortgage servicing rights	3,670		8,151		—		—		8,151
Accrued interest receivable	30,232		30,232		—		30,232		—
Interest rate swaps	22,704		22,704		—		22,704		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	7,038,581	$	7,033,549	$	5,299,896	$	1,733,653	$	—
Short-term borrowings	312,359		312,359		56,013		256,346		—
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	47,911		47,098		—		47,098		—
Subordinated notes	58,764		55,842		—		55,842		—
Accrued interest payable	29,520		29,520		—		29,520		—
Interest rate swaps	23,140		23,140		—		23,140		—
Off-balance-sheet instruments *	—		120		—		120		—

* Represents estimated cash outflows required to currently settle the obligations at current market rates.

These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and require considerable judgment to interpret market data. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange, nor are they intended to represent the fair value of the Company as a whole. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of the respective balance sheet date. Although the Company is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

31

Other significant assets, such as premises and equipment, other assets, and liabilities not defined as financial instruments, are not included in the above disclosures. Also, the fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.

ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following management’s discussion and analysis is presented to provide information concerning 1st Source Corporation and its subsidiaries’ (collectively referred to as “the Company”, “we”, and “our”) financial condition as of September 30, 2024, as compared to December 31, 2023, and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the financial and statistical data appearing elsewhere in this report and our 2023 Annual Report.

Except for historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in this document express “forward-looking statements.” Generally, the words “believe,” “contemplate,” “seek,” “plan,” “possible,” “assume,” “hope,” “expect,” “intend,” “targeted,” “continue,” “remain,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “will,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “may” and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Those statements, including statements, projections, estimates or assumptions concerning future events or performance, and other statements that are other than statements of historical fact, are subject to material risks and uncertainties. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We may make other written or oral forward-looking statements from time to time. Readers are advised that various important factors could cause our actual results or circumstances for future periods to differ materially from those anticipated or projected in such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, changes in law, regulations or GAAP; our competitive position within the markets we serve; increasing consolidation within the banking industry; unforeseen changes in interest rates; unforeseen changes in loan prepayment assumptions; unforeseen downturns in or major events affecting the local, regional or national economies or the industries in which we have credit concentrations; potential impacts of epidemics, pandemics or other infectious disease outbreaks; and other matters discussed in our filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K  for 2023, which filings are available from the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Our total assets at September 30, 2024 were $8.76 billion, an increase of $35.99 million or 0.41% from December 31, 2023. Total investment securities available-for-sale were $1.56 billion, a decrease of $59.14 million or 3.64% from December 31, 2023. The largest contributor to the decrease in investment securities available-for-sale was expected redemptions, which were used to fund loan growth and pay down borrowings. Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks were $69.46 million, an increase of $17.27 million or 33.08% from December 31, 2023. The increase in federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks was due to higher interest bearing deposits at other banks.

Total loans and leases were $6.62 billion, an increase of $97.60 million or 1.50% from December 31, 2023. The largest contributors to the increase in loans and leases was growth in the renewable energy, construction equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate and home equity portfolios, offset by decreases in the commercial and agricultural, auto and light truck, medium and heavy duty truck, and aircraft portfolios. Our foreign loan and lease balances, all denominated in U.S. dollars were $304.00 million and $302.41 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Foreign loans and leases are in aircraft financing. Loan and lease balances to borrowers in Brazil and Mexico were $132.57 million and $137.72 million as of September 30, 2024, respectively, compared to $119.38 million and $147.61 million as of December 31, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was not a significant concentration in any other country.

Equipment owned under operating leases was $13.01 million, a decrease of $7.36 million, or 36.11% compared to December 31, 2023. The largest contributors to the decrease in equipment owned under operating leases was reduced leasing volume primarily due to a change in customer preferences and continued competitive pricing pressure for new business.

Total deposits were $7.13 billion, an increase of $87.36 million or 1.24% from the end of 2023. The largest contributors to the increase in total deposits was higher time, savings, and interest-bearing public fund deposits offset by lower brokered time deposits, consumer and business interest-bearing demand deposits and noninterest-bearing demand deposits. Rate competition for deposits persisted during the third quarter across our footprint from various sources, including traditional bank and credit union competitors, money market funds, bond markets, and other non-bank alternatives.

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Short-term borrowings were $165.68 million, a decrease of $146.68 million or 46.96% from December 31, 2023, due primarily to pay downs of short-term FHLB borrowings offset by an increase in repurchase agreements. Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities were $39.22 million, a decrease of $8.69 million or 18.14% from December 31, 2023, due primarily to maturities of long-term FHLB borrowings. Accrued expenses and other liabilities were $199.14 million, a decrease of $2.94 million or 1.46% from December 31, 2023, mainly due to decreased unfunded partnership commitments, offset by increased accrued interest payable.

The following table shows accrued income and other assets.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued income and other assets:
Bank owned life insurance cash surrender value	$	85,977	$	84,414
Operating lease right of use assets	21,840		21,692
Accrued interest receivable	30,721		30,232
Mortgage servicing rights	3,490		3,670
Repossessions	109		705
Partnership investments carrying amount	149,655		166,596
Deferred tax assets	52,973		64,255
All other assets	49,940		56,215
Total accrued income and other assets	$	394,705	$	427,779

The largest contributors to the decrease in accrued income and other assets from December 31, 2023, were decreases in partnership investments, the fair value of interest rate swap contracts with customers, accounts receivable and deferred tax assets, offset by increased bank owned life insurance cash surrender value during the period.

CAPITAL

As of September 30, 2024, total shareholders’ equity was $1.10 billion, up $114.69 million, or 11.59% from the $989.57 million at December 31, 2023. In addition to net income of $101.19 million, other significant changes in shareholders’ equity during the first nine months of 2024 included $25.54 million of dividends paid. The accumulated other comprehensive loss component of shareholders’ equity decreased to $71.23 million at September 30, 2024, compared to $106.32 million at December 31, 2023, due to changes in market conditions on our available-for-sale investment portfolio. Our shareholders’ equity-to-assets ratio was 12.60% as of September 30, 2024, compared to 11.34% at December 31, 2023. Book value per common share increased to $45.05 at September 30, 2024, from $40.50 at December 31, 2023, primarily due to increased retained earnings and decreased accumulated other comprehensive losses.

We declared and paid cash dividends per common share of $0.36 during the third quarter of 2024. The trailing four quarters dividend payout ratio, representing cash dividends per common share divided by diluted earnings per common share, was 26.34%. The dividend payout is continually reviewed by management and the Board of Directors subject to the Company’s capital and dividend policy.

The banking regulators have established guidelines for leverage capital requirements, expressed in terms of Tier 1 or core capital as a percentage of average assets, to measure the soundness of a financial institution. In addition, banking regulators have established risk-based capital guidelines for U.S. banking organizations.

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The actual capital amounts and ratios of 1st Source Corporation and 1st Source Bank as of September 30, 2024, remained at their historically strong and conservative levels and are presented in the table below.

	Actual				Minimum Capital Adequacy				Minimum Capital Adequacy with Capital Buffer				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
1st Source Corporation	$	1,321,331	17.10	%	$	618,206	8.00	%	$	811,395	10.50	%	$	772,757	10.00	%
1st Source Bank	1,227,882		15.89		618,088		8.00		811,241		10.50		772,610		10.00
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
1st Source Corporation	1,223,958		15.84		463,654		6.00		656,843		8.50		618,206		8.00
1st Source Bank	1,130,527		14.63		463,566		6.00		656,719		8.50		618,088		8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
1st Source Corporation	1,096,006		14.18		347,741		4.50		540,930		7.00		502,292		6.50
1st Source Bank	1,059,575		13.71		347,675		4.50		540,827		7.00		502,197		6.50
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets):
1st Source Corporation	1,223,958		13.93		351,341		4.00		N/A		N/A		439,177		5.00
1st Source Bank	1,130,527		12.88		351,232		4.00		N/A		N/A		439,040		5.00

LIQUIDITY AND INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY

Effective liquidity management ensures that the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers, as well as our operating cash needs are met. Funds are available from a number of sources, including the securities portfolio, the core deposit base, access to the national brokered certificates of deposit market, national listing service certificates of deposit, Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) borrowings, Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) borrowings, and the capability to package loans for sale.

We maintain prudent strategies to support a strong liquidity position. The following table represents our sources of liquidity as of September 30, 2024.

(Dollars in thousands)			Available
Internal Sources
Unencumbered securities			$	1,188,810
External Sources
FHLB advances(1)			640,528
FRB borrowings(2)			388,580
Fed funds purchased(3)			410,000
Brokered deposits(4)			310,791
Listing services deposits(4)			437,133
Total liquidity			$	3,375,842
% of Total deposits net brokered and listing services certificates of deposit	51.46	%
(1) Availability is shown net of required stock purchases under the FHLB activity-based stock ownership requirement, which is currently 4.50%, and may vary
(2) Includes access to discount window and Bank Term Funding Program
(3) Availability contingent on correspondent bank approvals at time of borrowing
(4) Availability contingent on internal borrowing guidelines

External sources as listed in the table above are managed to approved guidelines by our Board of Directors. Total net available liquidity was $3.38 billion at September 30, 2024, which accounted for approximately 51% of total deposits net of brokered and listing services certificates of deposit.

Our loan to asset ratio was 75.49% at September 30, 2024 compared to 74.69% at December 31, 2023 and 74.53% at September 30, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $169.36 million at September 30, 2024 compared to $129.67 million at December 31, 2023 and $111.14 million at September 30, 2023. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily due to an increase in core deposits and the expected redemptions of investment securities available-for-sale. At September 30, 2024, the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition was rate sensitive by $496.59 million more liabilities than assets scheduled to reprice within one year, or approximately 0.89%. Management believes that the present funding sources provide adequate liquidity to meet our cash flow needs.

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Under Indiana law governing the collateralization of public fund deposits, the Indiana Board of Depositories determines which financial institutions are required to pledge collateral based on the strength of their financial ratings. We have been informed that no collateral is required for our public fund deposits. However, the Board of Depositories could alter this requirement in the future and adversely impact our liquidity. Our potential liquidity exposure if we must pledge collateral is approximately $1.24 billion.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net income available to common shareholders for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 was $34.94 million and $101.19 million compared to $32.94 million and $96.50 million for the same periods in 2023. Diluted net income per common share was $1.41 and $4.09 for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024, compared to $1.32 and $3.87 earned for the same periods in 2023. Return on average common shareholders’ equity was 13.02% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 14.04% in 2023. The return on total average assets was 1.55% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 1.54% in 2023.

Net income increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the first nine months of 2023. Net interest income increased and noninterest expense decreased offset by an increase in the provision for credit losses and a decrease in noninterest income. Details of the changes in the various components of net income are discussed further below.

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NET INTEREST INCOME

The following tables provide an analysis of net interest income and illustrates the interest income earned and interest expense charged for each major component of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. Yields/rates are computed on a tax-equivalent basis, using a 21% rate. Nonaccrual loans and leases are included in the average loan and lease balance outstanding.

DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL

							Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2024						June 30, 2024						September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Yield/ Rate
ASSETS
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Taxable	$	1,510,162	$	6,120	1.61	%	$	1,524,751	$	5,900	1.56	%	$	1,605,912	$	5,918	1.46	%
Tax exempt(1)	29,057		316		4.33	%	29,611		319		4.33	%	39,994		397		3.94	%
Mortgages held for sale	3,758		63		6.67	%	4,179		65		6.26	%	3,169		54		6.76	%
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount(1)	6,605,677		115,216		6.94	%	6,606,209		113,115		6.89	%	6,245,883		100,244		6.37	%
Other investments	124,647		1,659		5.29	%	138,768		1,914		5.55	%	68,579		883		5.11	%
Total earning assets(1)	8,273,301		123,374		5.93	%	8,303,518		121,313		5.88	%	7,963,537		107,496		5.36	%
Cash and due from banks	64,014						60,908						68,640
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(151,693)						(149,688)						(145,197)
Other assets	534,202						546,268						530,411
Total assets	$	8,719,824					$	8,761,006					$	8,417,391
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits	$	5,534,358	$	43,782	3.15	%	$	5,603,880	$	43,095	3.09	%	$	5,247,332	$	34,405	2.60	%
Short-term borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	64,032		173		1.07	%	61,729		146		0.95	%	60,736		35		0.23	%
Other short-term borrowings	110,710		1,336		4.80	%	159,953		2,012		5.06	%	153,523		2,101		5.43	%
Subordinated notes	58,764		1,054		7.14	%	58,764		1,061		7.26	%	58,764		1,060		7.16	%
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	39,119		1,399		14.23	%	38,590		805		8.39	%	46,519		489		4.17	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	5,806,983		47,744		3.27	%	5,922,916		47,119		3.20	%	5,566,874		38,090		2.71	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits	1,600,068						1,579,798						1,702,773
Other liabilities	161,978						159,552						148,192
Shareholders’ equity	1,079,543						1,027,138						940,544
Noncontrolling interests	71,252						71,602						59,008
Total liabilities and equity	$	8,719,824					$	8,761,006					$	8,417,391
Less: Fully tax-equivalent adjustments			(144)						(144)						(170)
Net interest income/margin (GAAP-derived)(1)			$	75,486	3.63	%			$	74,050	3.59	%			$	69,236	3.45	%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustments			144						144						170
Net interest income/margin - FTE(1)			$	75,630	3.64	%			$	74,194	3.59	%			$	69,406	3.46	%
(1) See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” at the end of this section for additional information on this performance measure/ratio.

Quarter Ended September 30, 2024 compared to the Quarter Ended September 30, 2023

The taxable-equivalent net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $75.63 million, an increase of 8.97% over the same period in 2023. The net interest margin on a fully taxable-equivalent basis was 3.64% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 3.46% for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

During the three month period ended September 30, 2024, average earning assets increased $309.76 million, up 3.89% over the comparable period in 2023. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $240.11 million or 4.31%. The yield on average earning assets increased 57 basis points to 5.93% from 5.36% at September 30, 2023, primarily due to higher rates on loans and leases and higher balances of other investments, which include federal funds sold, time deposits with other banks, Federal Reserve Bank excess balances, Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock and commercial paper. Total cost of average interest-bearing liabilities increased 56 basis points to 3.27% from 2.71% as a result of higher rates on interest-bearing deposits and a rise in imputed interest on mandatorily redeemable securities. The result to the tax-equivalent net interest margin, or the ratio of tax-equivalent net interest income to average earning assets, was an increase of 18 basis points.

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The largest contributors to the improved yield on average earning assets for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, was an increase in yields on loans and leases and higher balances of other investments, primarily excess reserves held at the Federal Reserve Bank. The yield on loans and leases grew 57 basis points, mainly from rising interest rates. Average loans and leases increased $359.79 million or 5.76%, primarily in the commercial real estate, renewable energy, construction equipment, auto and light truck, and residential real estate portfolios. Net interest recoveries positively contributed four basis points to the yield on average loans and leases during the quarter and four basis points to the average loans and leases yield during the prior year third quarter. Average investment securities decreased $106.69 million or 6.48%, primarily due to the use of proceeds from matured securities to fund loan growth. Average other investments, primarily held at the Federal Reserve Bank, increased $56.07 million or 81.76%.

Average interest-bearing deposits increased $287.03 million, or 5.47% for the third quarter of 2024 over the same period in 2023 primarily in savings, time, and interest-bearing public fund deposits. The effective rate on average interest-bearing deposits increased 55 basis points to 3.15% from 2.60%, in line with the competitive rate environment. Average noninterest-bearing deposits declined $102.71 million or 6.03% for the third quarter of 2024 over the same period in 2023, largely due to greater utilization of excess funds by our business customers, and a heightened rate sensitivity in our customer base given the overall level of market yields.

Average short-term borrowings decreased $39.52 million or 18.44% for the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Interest on short-term borrowings decreased 52 basis points due to lower short-term FHLB borrowings and utilization of the Federal Reserve’s Bank Term Funding Program. Interest on subordinated notes decreased two basis points during the third quarter of 2024 from the same period a year ago due to a slight variable rate decrease on one tranche. Average long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities balances decreased $7.40 million or 15.91%, primarily from the maturity of long-term debt. Interest on long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities increased 1,006 basis points during the third quarter of 2024 from the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher imputed interest on mandatorily redeemable securities from a larger increase in book value per share during the quarter compared to the previous year’s third quarter. Mandatorily redeemable securities are issued under the terms of one of our executive incentive compensation plans and are settled based on book value per share with changes from the previous reporting date recorded as interest expense.

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	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2024						September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Yield/ Rate
ASSETS
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Taxable	$	1,537,066	$	18,099	1.57	%	$	1,657,241	$	18,512	1.49	%
Tax exempt(1)	30,057		962		4.28	%	46,385		1,413		4.07	%
Mortgages held for sale	3,257		162		6.64	%	2,489		114		6.12	%
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount(1)	6,572,108		337,580		6.86	%	6,141,849		280,374		6.10	%
Other investments	110,580		4,500		5.44	%	69,799		2,498		4.78	%
Total earning assets(1)	8,253,068		361,303		5.85	%	7,917,763		302,911		5.11	%
Cash and due from banks	62,277						70,288
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(150,127)						(143,545)
Other assets	545,805						523,548
Total assets	$	8,711,023					$	8,368,054
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits	$	5,511,116	$	126,621	3.07	%	$	5,143,493	$	84,538	2.20	%
Short-term borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	57,934		366		0.84	%	87,909		107		0.16	%
Other short-term borrowings	168,234		6,403		5.08	%	133,965		5,047		5.04	%
Subordinated notes	58,764		3,176		7.22	%	58,764		3,108		7.07	%
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	41,633		2,850		9.14	%	46,174		2,219		6.43	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	5,837,681		139,416		3.19	%	5,470,305		95,019		2.32	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits	1,598,711						1,776,202
Other liabilities	163,091						143,086
Shareholders’ equity	1,037,809						919,182
Noncontrolling interests	73,731						59,279
Total liabilities and equity	$	8,711,023					$	8,368,054
Less: Fully tax-equivalent adjustments			(436)						(575)
Net interest income/margin (GAAP-derived)(1)			$	221,451	3.58	%			$	207,317	3.50	%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustments			436						575
Net interest income/margin - FTE(1)			$	221,887	3.59	%			$	207,892	3.51	%
(1) See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” at the end of this section for additional information on this performance measure/ratio.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

The taxable-equivalent net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $221.89 million, an increase of 6.73% over the same period in 2023. The net interest margin on a fully taxable-equivalent basis was 3.59% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 3.51% for the same period in 2023.

During the nine month period ended September 30, 2024, average earning assets increased $335.31 million, up 4.23% over the comparable period in 2023. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $367.38 million or 6.72%. The yield on average earning assets increased 74 basis points to 5.85% from 5.11% primarily due to higher rates on loans and leases and higher balances of other investments, which include federal funds sold, time deposits with other banks, Federal Reserve Bank excess balances, Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock and commercial paper. Total cost of average interest-bearing liabilities increased 87 basis points to 3.19% from 2.32%, as a result of repricing of interest-bearing deposits and higher other short-term borrowings balances, which is predominately short-term FHLB borrowings and Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program borrowings. The result to the net interest margin, or the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets, was a net eight basis point improvement.

The largest contributor to the improved yield on average earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was an increase in yields on net loans and leases of 76 basis points primarily due to market conditions. Average loans and leases increased $430.26 million, up 7.01%. Net interest recoveries positively contributed five basis points to the yield on average loans and leases during the first nine months of 2024 and two basis points during the first nine months of 2023. Average mortgages held for sale increased $0.77 million or 30.86%. Average investment securities decreased $136.50 million or 8.01%, which represents the use of proceeds from the maturity of securities to fund loan growth. Average other investments, primarily held at the Federal Reserve Bank, increased $40.78 million or 58.43%.

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Average interest-bearing deposits increased $367.62 million or 7.15% for the first nine months of 2024 over the same period in 2023, primarily due to increased time deposits, brokered deposits, savings account balances and interest-bearing public fund deposits. The effective rate on average interest-bearing deposits increased 87 basis points to 3.07% from 2.20%, mainly from rate competition in the market. Average noninterest-bearing deposits declined $177.49 million or 9.99% for the first nine months of 2024, over the same period in 2023, primarily due to persistent rate competition for deposits and greater utilization of excess funds by our business customers.

Average short-term borrowings increased $4.29 million or 1.94% for the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Interest on short-term borrowings increased 89 basis points due to higher Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program borrowings and lower securities sold under agreements to repurchase balances. Interest on subordinated notes increased 15 basis points due to a variable rate increase on one tranche. Average long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities balances decreased $4.54 million or 9.83%. Interest on long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities increased 271 basis points due to higher imputed interest on mandatorily redeemable securities from an increase in book value per share during 2024 compared to the previous year. Mandatorily redeemable securities are issued under the terms of one of our executive incentive compensation plans and are settled based on book value per share with changes from the previous reporting date recorded as interest expense.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The accounting and reporting policies of 1st Source conform to generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States and prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, certain non-GAAP performance measures are used by management to evaluate and measure the Company’s performance. These include taxable-equivalent net interest income (including its individual components) and net interest margin (including its individual components). Management believes that these measures provide users of the Company’s financial information a more meaningful view of the performance of the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Management reviews yields on certain asset categories and the net interest margin of the Company and its banking subsidiaries on a fully taxable-equivalent (“FTE”) basis. In this non-GAAP presentation, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt interest income on an equivalent before-tax basis. This measure ensures comparability of net interest income arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources.

		Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
		September 30,			June 30,			September 30,			September 30,			September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)		2024			2024			2023			2024			2023
Calculation of Net Interest Margin
(A)	Interest income (GAAP)	$	123,230		$	121,169		$	107,326		$	360,867		$	302,336
	Fully tax-equivalent adjustments:
(B)	- Loans and leases	79			79			92			239			293
(C)	- Tax-exempt investment securities	65			65			78			197			282
(D)	Interest income - FTE (A+B+C)	123,374			121,313			107,496			361,303			302,911
(E)	Interest expense (GAAP)	47,744			47,119			38,090			139,416			95,019
(F)	Net interest income (GAAP) (A–E)	75,486			74,050			69,236			221,451			207,317
(G)	Net interest income - FTE (D–E)	75,630			74,194			69,406			221,887			207,892
(H)	Annualization factor	3.978			4.022			3.967			1.336			1.337
(I)	Total earning assets	$	8,273,301		$	8,303,518		$	7,963,537		$	8,253,068		$	7,917,763
	Net interest margin (GAAP-derived) (F*H)/I	3.63		%	3.59		%	3.45		%	3.58		%	3.50		%
	Net interest margin - FTE (G*H)/I	3.64		%	3.59		%	3.46		%	3.59		%	3.51		%

PROVISION AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The provision for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $3.11 million and $9.76 million compared to $0.86 million and $3.96 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net charge-offs of $0.85 million or 0.05% of average loans and leases were recorded for the third quarter of 2024, compared to net charge-offs of $0.33 million or 0.02% of average loans and leases for the same quarter a year ago. Year-to-date net charge-offs of $4.99 million or 0.10% of average loans and leases have been recorded in 2024, compared to net recoveries of $0.85 million or 0.02% of average loans and leases through September 30, 2023. Net charge-offs recognized in 2024 are principally concentrated in the commercial and agricultural portfolio.

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The provision for credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was driven by a change in quantitative assumptions regarding the treatment of renewals for loans in special attention which increased historical loss rates primarily in the commercial and agricultural and construction equipment portfolios, a slight increase in the forecast adjustment due to a mixed forward economic outlook, and an increase in special attention outstandings which carry higher reserves, most notably in the auto and light truck and commercial and agricultural portfolios. Risks include a fragile domestic GDP outlook, heightened geopolitical instability, tightened credit conditions, a softening labor market, and continued elevated levels of inflation and interest rates. We remain concerned about the potential risks in our small business portfolio, as liquidity provided by government programs afforded to our lending clients dissipates. Clients in our auto and light truck portfolio are experiencing softening rental rates and pockets of excess fleet inventory. Consumers remain under stress and economic imbalances are prevalent as rising consumer costs have tended to outpace income growth. Impairment reserves for assets individually evaluated total $1.55 million this quarter, consisting of accounts in our construction equipment and commercial and agricultural portfolios.

We continually evaluate risks which may impact our loan portfolios. Such risks include a cautious economic outlook and increased uncertainty fueled by widening conflicts around the world, and the Federal Reserve’s challenge of maintaining full employment, while balancing inflation and interest rate concerns in the effort to maintain overall economic stability. The possibility for economic disruption remains a concern, as geopolitical events and fragile growth prospects raise the potential for adverse impacts in the domestic and global economies. Higher interest rates apply downward pressure to asset values which collateralize our loans. Credit market conditions remain tightened. The growth outlook in the U.S. is mixed, and is susceptible to disruption caused by global conflicts and an environment of heightened instability. The upcoming domestic election presents additional uncertainty while highlighting increasing division within the electorate and uncompromising political partisanship. Political discord is also an ever-present threat in our Latin American markets. Corruption scandals persist and U.S. border concerns are heightened. Globally, there is an ever-present threat of terrorism.

Our aircraft portfolio exhibits collateral concentration and contains $304 million of foreign exposure at September 30, 2024, the majority of which is in Mexico and Brazil. We review political and economic data for these countries on a regular basis to assess the impact the environment may have on our customers. Historically, we have experienced volatile and unanticipated losses in both the foreign and domestic segments of our aircraft portfolios. Losses have been primarily attributable to unexpected declines in the value of specific aircraft collateral at a time when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties. We review and assess aircraft values on an ongoing basis and use a tiered approach to establish advance rates and amortization schedules to limit collateral exposure. We continually monitor individual customer performance and assess risks in the overall portfolio.

On September 30, 2024, 30 day and over loan and lease delinquency as a percentage of loan and lease balances was 0.31%, compared to 0.10% on September 30, 2023. The allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding at the end of the period was 2.30% compared to 2.27% one year ago. A summary of loan and lease loss experience during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is located in Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

NONPERFORMING ASSETS

The following table shows nonperforming assets.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Loans and leases past due 90 days or more	$	100		$	149		$	154
Nonaccrual loans and leases	30,678			23,381			16,617
Other real estate	—			—			117
Repossessions	109			705			233
Total nonperforming assets	$	30,887		$	24,235		$	17,121
Nonperforming assets to loans and leases, net of unearned discount	0.47		%	0.37		%	0.27		%

Nonperforming assets totaled $30.89 million at September 30, 2024, an increase of 27.45% from the $24.24 million reported at December 31, 2023, and a 80.40% increase from the $17.12 million reported at September 30, 2023. The increase in nonperforming assets during the first nine months of 2024 was related to higher nonaccrual loans and leases. The increase in nonperforming assets at September 30, 2024 from September 30, 2023, was also related to an increase in nonaccrual loans and leases. There were no properties held in other real estate at September 30, 2024.

The increase in nonaccrual loans and leases at September 30, 2024 from December 31, 2023, was predominantly in our construction equipment portfolio offset by lower balances in our commercial and agricultural portfolio due to charge-off activity during the year. A summary of nonaccrual loans and leases and past due aging for the period ended September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, is located in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Repossessions consisted of a few loans in the construction equipment and consumer portfolios at September 30, 2024. At the time of repossession, the recorded amount of the loan or lease is written down to the fair value of the equipment or vehicle by a charge to the allowance for loan and lease losses or other income, if a positive adjustment, unless the equipment is in the process of immediate sale. Any subsequent fair value write-downs or write-ups, to the extent of previous write-downs, are included in noninterest expense.

The following table shows a summary of repossessions and other real estate.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Commercial and agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	—
Renewable energy	—		—		—
Auto and light truck	—		689		213
Medium and heavy duty truck	—		—		—
Aircraft	—		—		—
Construction equipment	66		—		—
Commercial real estate	—		—		—
Residential real estate and home equity	—		—		117
Consumer	43		16		20
Total	$	109	$	705	$	350

For financial statement purposes, nonaccrual loans and leases are included in loan and lease outstandings, whereas repossessions and other real estate are included in other assets.

NONINTEREST INCOME

The following table shows the details of noninterest income.

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		$ Change	% Change		2024		2023		$ Change	% Change
Noninterest income:
Trust and wealth advisory	$	6,524	$	5,648	876	15.51	%	$	19,892	$	17,794	2,098	11.79	%
Service charges on deposit accounts	3,279		3,297		(18)	(0.55)	%	9,552		9,418		134	1.42	%
Debit card	4,598		4,377		221	5.05	%	13,361		13,585		(224)	(1.65)	%
Mortgage banking	1,042		971		71	7.31	%	3,272		2,699		573	21.23	%
Insurance commissions	1,641		1,714		(73)	(4.26)	%	5,028		5,384		(356)	(6.61)	%
Equipment rental	1,141		2,101		(960)	(45.69)	%	4,069		6,930		(2,861)	(41.28)	%
Losses on investment securities available-for-sale	—		—		—	—		—		(44)		44	NM
Other	4,223		6,347		(2,124)	(33.46)	%	12,651		14,781		(2,130)	(14.41)	%
Total noninterest income	$	22,448	$	24,455	(2,007)	(8.21)	%	$	67,825	$	70,547	(2,722)	(3.86)	%

NM = Not Meaningful

Trust and wealth advisory fees (which include investment management fees, estate administration fees, mutual fund fees, annuity fees, and fiduciary fees) increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared with the same periods a year ago. Trust and wealth advisory fees are largely based the number and size of client relationships and the market value of assets under management. The market value of trust assets under management at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023, and September 30, 2023, was $6.03 billion, $5.46 billion, and $4.96 billion, respectively. Positive equity market returns during the first nine months of 2024 resulted in an increase in assets under management.

Service charges on deposit accounts was relatively flat during the three months ended September 30, 2024, but increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, over the comparable periods in 2023. The increase for the first nine months of 2024 primarily reflects a higher volume of business deposit account and consumer non-sufficient fund and overdraft fees.

Debit card income increased during the three months ended September 30, 2024, but decreased for the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods a year ago. The increase during the third quarter was due to an overall increase in client transactions. The primary driver of the decrease for the nine months ending September 30, 2024 was related to shifts in both client transaction behavior and the networks over which those merchants are routing transactions.

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Mortgage banking income increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023. The increase was primarily a result of higher production and margins on loans originated for the secondary market.

Insurance commissions declined during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods a year ago. The decrease was mainly due to decreased contingent commissions received.

Equipment rental income decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, over the comparable periods in 2023. The decline was the result of a reduction in the average equipment rental portfolio by 42.4% over the same period a year ago, due to changing customer preferences and competitive pricing pressures for new business.

There were no losses on available-for-sale investment securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Other income decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the comparable periods in 2023. The decrease was primarily the result of decreased partnership investment gains on sale of renewable energy tax equity investments, customer interest rate swap fees, and a decline in bank owned life insurance policy claims recognized offset by a rise in brokerage commissions and fees.

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

The following table shows the details of noninterest expense.

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change		2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	31,274	$	28,866	$	2,408	8.34	%	$	90,084	$	85,699	$	4,385	5.12	%
Net occupancy	3,011		2,867		144		5.02	%	8,915		8,165		750		9.19	%
Furniture and equipment	1,496		1,217		279		22.93	%	3,910		3,938		(28)		(0.71)	%
Data processing	7,002		6,289		713		11.34	%	20,214		18,714		1,500		8.02	%
Depreciation – leased equipment	907		1,672		(765)		(45.75)	%	3,194		5,570		(2,376)		(42.66)	%
Professional fees	1,928		1,763		165		9.36	%	4,986		4,149		837		20.17	%
FDIC and other insurance	1,423		1,598		(175)		(10.95)	%	4,707		4,302		405		9.41	%
Business development and marketing	1,671		1,201		470		39.13	%	5,441		4,822		619		12.84	%
Other	731		4,693		(3,962)		(84.42)	%	7,069		13,393		(6,324)		(47.22)	%
Total noninterest expense	$	49,443	$	50,166	$	(723)	(1.44)	%	$	148,520	$	148,752	$	(232)	(0.16)	%

Salaries and employee benefits increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023. Higher base salaries were a result of normal merit increases, wage inflation, as well as a higher headcount due to fewer open positions compared to the previous year. Additionally, increases in incentive compensation were offset by a reduction in group insurance claims.

Net occupancy expense increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023. The increase for both periods was primarily due to increased premises expenses and higher rent.

Furniture and equipment expenses, including depreciation, increased during the third quarter of 2024, and were relatively flat during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods a year ago. The increase in the quarter was primarily due to increased equipment repairs and purchases of furniture and equipment.

Data processing expense grew during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods a year ago due primarily to higher computer processing charges and software maintenance expense on technology projects.

Depreciation on leased equipment decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023. Depreciation on leased equipment correlates with the decrease in equipment rental income.

Professional fees were higher during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods a year ago. The increase was primarily due to a $1.08 million reversal of accrued legal fees in the first quarter of 2023, as well as an increase in audit and examination fees and professional consulting fees during the year.

FDIC and other insurance was lower during the third quarter of 2024, and was higher during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023. The decrease for the quarter was the result of lower blanket bond insurance premiums due to a more cost effective policy renewal during the quarter. The increase for the first nine months of 2024 was mainly due to higher blanket bond insurance premiums as compared to the prior year.

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Business development and marketing expense was higher during the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods a year ago. The increases during the year were related to an increase in business meals, entertainment, travel opportunities, and marketing promotions.

Other expenses were lower during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023. The decreases were primarily the result of a reduction in the provision for unfunded loan commitments, gains related to the sale of fixed assets, lower printing and postage costs, reduced data communication line charges, and a reduction in employment and relocation costs.

INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 was $10.47 million and $29.82 million compared to $9.73 million and $28.64 million for the same periods in 2023. The effective tax rate was 23.07% and 22.80% for the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and 22.76% and 22.88% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in the quarterly effective tax rate was due to higher permanent book and tax differences in relationship to pretax income in 2024 compared to 2023.

ITEM 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes in market risks faced by 1st Source since December 31, 2023. For information regarding our market risk, refer to 1st Source’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this report an evaluation was carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, at September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by 1st Source in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in those reports is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In addition, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the third fiscal quarter of 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.        Legal Proceedings.

1st Source and its subsidiaries are involved in various legal proceedings that are inherent risks of, or incidental to, the conduct of our businesses. Management does not expect the outcome of any such proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 1A.    Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes in risks faced by 1st Source since December 31, 2023. For information regarding our risk factors, refer to 1st Source’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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ITEM 2.        Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs*	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 01 - 31, 2024	—	$	—	—	1,000,000
August 01 - 31, 2024	—	—		—	1,000,000
September 01 - 30, 2024	—	—		—	1,000,000

*1st Source maintains a stock repurchase plan that was authorized by the Board of Directors on October 19, 2023. Under the terms of the plan, 1st Source may repurchase up to 1,000,000 shares of its common stock from time to time to mitigate the potential dilutive effects of stock-based incentive plans and other potential uses of common stock for corporate purposes. 1st Source has not yet repurchased any shares under this Plan.

ITEM 3.        Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None

ITEM 4.        Mine Safety Disclosures.

None

ITEM 5.        Other Information.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no “Rule 10b5-1 trading plans” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements” adopted, modified or terminated by any director or officer of the Company (as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

ITEM 6.        Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed with this report:

10(c)	1st Source Corporation 1982 Executive Incentive Plan, amended October 23, 2024, filed herewith.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a).
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a).
32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Chief Executive Officer.
32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document — The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		1st Source Corporation
DATE	October 24, 2024	/s/ CHRISTOPHER J. MURPHY III
		Christopher J. Murphy III Chairman of the Board and CEO
DATE	October 24, 2024	/s/ BRETT A. BAUER
		Brett A. Bauer Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer Principal Accounting Officer

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