The following table is a summary of the Company’s noninterest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Noninterest income increased $3,858,000 to $4,142,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 from $284,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2008. Service charges on deposits decreased $126,000 to $1,724,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $1,850,000 for the same period in 2008 while other fees and charges increased by $167,000 to $1,170,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $1,003,000 for the same period in 2008. The Company recorded $46,000 in gains on sales of mortgages for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $4,000 in gains on sales of mortgages for the same period in 2008. The Company recorded $655,000 in gains on sales of available for sale securities for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to a loss of $3,284,000 on available for sale securities for the same period in 2008 as a result of an impairment loss on its FNMA Preferred Stock. Other noninterest income decreased $191,000 to $191,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 from $382,000 for the same period in 2008.
Noninterest income increased $3,492,000 to $10,744,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 from $7,252,000 for the same period in 2008. Service charges on deposit accounts decreased $568,000 to $4,892,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $5,460,000 for the same period in 2008, while other fees and charges increased by $266,000 to $3,213,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $2,947,000 for the same period in 2008. The Company recorded $271,000 in gains on sales of mortgages for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $99,000 in gains on sales of mortgages for the same period in 2008. The Company recorded $655,000 in gains on sales of available for sale securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to a loss of $3,284,000 on available for sale securities for the same period in 2008 as a result of an impairment loss on its FNMA Preferred Stock.
The following table is a summary of the Company’s noninterest expense for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Noninterest expense totaled $8,999,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2009, compared to $9,694,000 for the same period in 2008. This represents a decrease of $695,000, or 7.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2009 from the comparable period in 2008. Salaries and benefits decreased by $788,000 to $4,425,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $5,213,000 for the same period in 2008. Offsetting this decrease was the Company’s FDIC and state assessments which increased $327,000 to $503,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $176,000 for the same period in 2008. This increase is expected to continue as the FDIC is expected to increase or accelerate the timing of assessments and the Company has elevated levels of nonperforming loans which impact the factors used in the calculation. The increase in noninterest expense was also driven by the recording of loss on sale, writedowns and expenses of OREO of $265,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $24,000 for the same period in 2008. Most other expense categories for the three months ended September 30, 2009 experienced relatively small changes from the same respective period in 2008. The Company’s ratio of noninterest expense to average assets was 3.89% for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to 4.27% for the same period in 2008. The Company’s efficiency ratio was 76.19% and 106.57% for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The primary reason for the decrease in the efficiency ratio for the three months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2008 was due to the $3,284,000 impairment loss on the Company’s FNMA Preferred Stock.
Noninterest expense totaled $30,116,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, compared to $29,075,000 for the same period in 2008. This represents an increase of $1,041,000, or 3.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 from the comparable period in 2008 due primarily to the increase of the recording of loss on sale, writedowns and expenses of OREO which was $1,835,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $24,000 for the same period in 2008 as the company continued its focus reducing the levels of nonperforming assets. The increase is also attributed to FDIC insurance premiums and special assessment totaling $1,726,000. Salaries and benefits decreased by $1,460,000 to $14,394,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to $15,854,000 for the same period in 2008 primarily due to staff reductions as a result of the Company’s cost cutting initiatives. Most other expense categories for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 experienced relatively small changes from the same respective period in 2008. The Company’s ratio of noninterest expense to average assets was 4.44% for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to 4.19% for the same period in 2008. The Company’s efficiency ratio was 87.47% and 84.87% for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Income Taxes
The Company recorded a provision for income taxes for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 of $629,000, resulting in an effective tax rate of 47.9%, compared to a benefit for income taxes of $679,000, or an effective tax benefit rate of 32.4%, for the quarter ended September 30, 2008. The benefit for income taxes for the nine month period ended September 30, 2009 was $6,673,000, resulting in an effective tax benefit rate of 50.6%, compared to $1,266,000, or an effective tax benefit rate of 32.4%, for the same period in 2008. The difference in the effective tax rate compared to the statutory tax rate (approximately 42.05%) is primarily the result of the Company’s investment in municipal securities and Company-owned life insurance policies whose income is exempt from Federal taxes. In addition, the Company receives certain tax benefits from the State of California Franchise Tax Board for operating and providing loans, as well as jobs, in designated ‘Enterprise Zones’.
As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had recorded net deferred income tax assets (which are included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets) of approximately $10,677,000. The determination of the amount of deferred income tax assets which are more likely than not to be realized is primarily dependent on projections of future earnings, which are subject to uncertainty and estimates that may change given economic conditions and other factors. The realization of deferred income tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance is recorded if it is “more likely than not” that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. “More likely than not” is defined as greater than a 50% chance. All available evidence, both positive and negative is considered to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. Based upon management’s analysis of available evidence, it has determined that it is “more likely than not” that all of the Company’s deferred income tax assets as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 will be fully realized and therefore no valuation allowance was recorded.
Financial Condition as of September 30, 2009 As Compared to December 31, 2008
Total assets at September 30, 2009 increased $34,352,000, or 3.9%, to $913,903,000, compared to $879,551,000 at December 31, 2008. Loans and leases decreased $64,346,000, or 9.3%, to $629,076,000 at September 30, 2009 from $693,422,000 at December 31, 2008. Deposits increased $44,051,000, or 5.9%, from December 31, 2008 to $798,995,000 at September 30, 2009. Investment securities increased $81,843,000, or 107.2%, to $158,209,000 at September 30, 2009 from $76,366,000 at December 31, 2008, and Federal funds sold increased to $30,355,000 at September 30, 2009 from zero at December 31, 2008. The increase in investment securities and Federal funds sold was due to an increase in deposits and a decrease in loans and leases for the first nine months of 2009. Other borrowed funds decreased $3,516,000 as the Company did not have any other borrowed funds at September 30, 2009 compared to $3,516,000 at December 31, 2008.
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Loan and Lease Portfolio
Loans and leases, the Company’s major component of earning assets, decreased $64,346,000 during the first nine months of 2009 to $629,076,000 at September 30, 2009 from $693,422,000 at December 31, 2008. Real estate construction loans decreased by $27,410,000, and commercial loans decreased by $27,441,000, while the remaining loan categories remained relatively unchanged from their December 31, 2008 balances.
The Company’s average loan to deposit ratio was 79.4% for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 compared to 95.3% for the same period in 2008. The decrease in the Company’s average loan to deposit ratio is driven by both the decrease in total average loans of $72,943,000 and the increase in total average deposits of $58,957,000.
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Commercial | | $ | 64,588 | | $ | 92,029 | |
Real estate - commercial | | | 323,340 | | | 327,098 | |
Real estate - construction | | | 109,345 | | | 136,755 | |
Real estate - mortgage | | | 60,337 | | | 62,155 | |
Installment | | | 24,094 | | | 29,945 | |
Direct financing leases | | | 871 | | | 1,035 | |
Other | | | 47,330 | | | 45,424 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | 629,905 | | | 694,441 | |
| | | | | | | |
Deferred loan fees, net | | | (829 | ) | | (1,019 | ) |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | | | (19,423 | ) | | (11,327 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 609,653 | | $ | 682,095 | |
| | | | | | | |
Impaired, Nonaccrual, Past Due and Restructured Loans and Leases and Other Nonperforming Assets
The Company considers a loan or lease impaired if, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The measurement of impaired loans and leases is generally based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the historical effective interest rate, except that all collateral-dependent loans and leases are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral.
Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. Accrual of interest on loans is discontinued either when reasonable doubt exists as to the full and timely collection of interest or principal, or when a loan becomes contractually past due by 90 days or more with respect to interest or principal (except that when management believes a loan is well secured and in the process of collection, interest accruals are continued on loans deemed by management to be fully collectible). When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Income on such loans is then recognized only to the extent that cash is received and where the future collection of principal is probable. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.
As indicated above, under “Operating Results” on page 19, the Bank expects to enter into a written agreement with the FRB as the result of losses in 2009, primarily due to higher provisions for loan losses because of credit quality deterioration. The Company anticipates that such agreement will require the Bank to develop a written plan to improve the quality of assets, among other matters.
Nonperforming loans (defined as nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest) totaled $54,462,000 at September 30, 2009, an increase of $35,526,000 from the December 31, 2008 balance of $18,936,000. Nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans were 8.66% at September 30, 2009, compared to 2.73% at December 31, 2008. Of the $54,462,000 balance of nonperforming loans at September 30, 2009, a specific reserve of $5,144,000 has been established. Related to the December 31, 2008 balance, specific reserves of $1,755,000 were established. If interest had been accruing on the nonperforming loans, such income would have approximated $1,526,000 and $1,563,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Nonperforming loans totaled $44,304,000, or 6.81% of total loans, at June 30, 2009, and $19,926,000, or 3.02% of total loans, at March 31, 2009.
26
The overall level of nonperforming loans increased $10,158,000 to $54,462,000 at September 30, 2009 from $44,304,000 at June 30, 2009. During the third quarter of 2009, the Company added twenty loans totaling $17,776,000 to nonperforming loans. These additions were offset by a reduction of $7,618,000 in nonperforming loans during the third quarter of 2009, primarily due to transfers to OREO of four properties totaling $2,878,000, charge-offs recorded and collections received on certain loans. This addition to nonaccrual loans included one customer relationship with eight loans totaling $9,182,000 located in Sonoma County. All eight loans are secured by real estate and each has a current appraisal and no specific reserve has been established for any of the loans. The second largest customer relationship in this group consists of two loans totaling $2,941,000 and are also located in Sonoma County. These two loans are commercial land loans and have current appraisals and no specific reserve has been established on either of the loans. The third largest customer relationship in this group is a commercial real estate loan in the amount of $1,198,000 for a multi-tenant office building located in Shasta County. This property has a current appraisal and a specific reserve of $703,000 has been established for this loan. The fourth largest customer relationship in this group is a residential acquisition and development loan for $1,160,000 located in Siskiyou County. This property has a current appraisal and a specific reserve of $197,000 has been established for this loan. The fifth largest customer relationship in this group is a commercial land loan for $1,043,000 located in Shasta County. This property has a current appraisal and no specific reserve has been established for this loan. The sixth largest customer relationship in this group is a residential acquisition and development loan for $1,029,000 located in Sonoma County. This property has a current appraisal and no specific reserve has been established for this loan. The remaining six loans in this group that were placed on nonaccrual during the third quarter of 2009 total $1,223,000 and no specific reserves have been established for any of the loans.
During the second quarter of 2009, as previously reported, the Company identified nineteen loans totaling $29,781,000 as nonaccrual loans. The addition to nonperforming loans was centered in two customer relationships consisting of eight loans totaling $24,018,000 in principal amount. The largest of the two relationships consists of five loans secured by real estate located in Sonoma County totaling $16,291,000, and an unsecured line of credit totaling $3,000,000. At September 30, 2009, a specific reserve of $2,871,000 was established for the five real estate secured loans and they remain on nonaccrual. Specific reserves were established on these loans based on values indicated by the latest appraisals. During the third quarter, the $3,000,000 unsecured line of credit was charged-off. The second customer relationship consists of two loans totaling $4,727,000 secured by real estate located in Sonoma County. At September 30, 2009, both loans totaling $4,669,000 remain on nonaccrual and no specific reserve has been established for either loan.
During the first quarter of 2009, as previously reported, the Company identified sixteen additional loans in the amount of $7,604,000 as nonaccrual loans. The addition was centered in three loans totaling $4,385,000 at March 31, 2009. The largest loan of this group is a commercial loan secured by real estate located in Shasta County with a balance of $1,911,000 at September 30, 2009. No specific reserve currently exists on this loan and it remains on nonaccrual. The second loan in this group was a $1,465,000 residential development loan consisting of two single-family residences located in Napa County. Payments were received from the borrower to reduce the loan amount to $1,430,000 and the property was taken into OREO during the third quarter of 2009 at its net realizable value of $1,083,000 and the Company charged-off $347,000. The third loan in this group is a residential land loan secured by real estate located in Nevada County with a balance of $913,000 at March 31, 2009. During the second quarter of 2009, the Company received a new appraisal on this property and charged-off $302,000 to write the loan down to its net realizable value of $611,000. This loan remains on nonaccrual at September 30, 2009.
Additional information regarding nonperforming loans identified during the first and second quarters of 2009 is available in the Company’s Quarterly Reports filed with the Commission on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2009 and for the period ended June 30, 2009, under the heading “Impaired, Nonaccrual, Past Due and Restructured Loans and Leases and Other Nonperforming Assets.”
Gross loan and lease charge-offs for the third quarter of 2009 were $5,290,000 and recoveries totaled $1,094,000 resulting in net charge-offs of $4,196,000 compared to gross loan and lease charge-offs for the third quarter of 2008 of $5,305,000 and recoveries of $86,000 resulting in net charge-offs of $5,219,000. Gross charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $10,774,000 and recoveries totaled $1,370,000 resulting in net charge-offs of $9,404,000, compared to gross charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 of $10,081,000 and recoveries of $184,000 resulting in net charge-offs of $9,897,000.
27
Nonperforming assets (nonperforming loans and OREO) totaled $62,387,000 at September 30, 2009, an increase of $33,043,000 from the December 31, 2008 balance of $29,344,000. The Company’s OREO property decreased $2,483,000 to $7,925,000 at September 30, 2009 compared to $10,408,000 at December 31, 2008. Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets were 6.83% at September 30, 2009 compared to 3.34% at December 31, 2008.
The Company’s OREO properties increased $1,796,000 to $7,925,000 at September 30, 2009 from $6,129,000 at June 30, 2009. The increase was due to the addition of four properties totaling $2,878,000 during the third quarter of 2009. Two of the properties are from one relationship consisting of an office building located in Sacramento County for $745,000 and an office building located in Yolo County for $512,000. The third property consists of two single-family residences located in Napa County for $1,083,000. The fourth property moved into OREO is a 13-unit apartment complex located in Trinity County for $538,000. The additions to OREO were partially offset by the disposition of one OREO property totaling $956,000, loss on the sale of OREO of $23,000, and the writedown of OREO of $103,000.
Nonperforming assets at September 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, are summarized as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Nonaccrual loans and leases | | $ | 54,462 | | $ | 18,936 | |
Loans and leases past due 90 days and accruing interest | | | — | | | — | |
Other real estate owned | | | 7,925 | | | 10,408 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total nonperforming assets | | $ | 62,387 | | $ | 29,344 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Nonaccrual loans and leases to total gross loans and leases | | | 8.66 | % | | 2.73 | % |
Nonperforming loans and leases to total gross loans and leases | | | 8.66 | % | | 2.73 | % |
Total nonperforming assets to total assets | | | 6.83 | % | | 3.34 | % |
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
A summary of the allowance for loan and lease losses at September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2008 is as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | |
| | Nine months ended September 30, | |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Balance beginning of period | | $ | 11,327 | | $ | 10,755 | |
Provision for loan and lease losses | | | 17,500 | | | 9,100 | |
Net charge-offs | | | (9,404 | ) | | (9,897 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Balance end of period | | $ | 19,423 | | $ | 9,958 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans and leases | | | 3.09 | % | | 1.43 | % |
Allowance for loan and lease losses to nonperforming loans | | | 35.66 | % | | 49.32 | % |
Allowance for loan and lease losses to nonperforming assets | | | 31.13 | % | | 38.24 | % |
The allowance for loan and lease losses is established through a provision for loan and lease losses based on management’s evaluation of the risks inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. In determining levels of risk, management considers a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, asset classifications, economic trends, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, historical loan and lease loss experience, and the Company’s underwriting policies. The allowance for loan and lease losses is maintained at an amount management considers adequate to cover the probable losses in loans and leases receivable. While management uses the best information available to make these estimates, future adjustments to allowances may be necessary due to economic, operating, regulatory, and other conditions that may be beyond the Company’s control. The Company also engages a third party credit review consultant to analyze the Company’s loan and lease loss adequacy. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically reviews the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of management.
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The allowance for loan and lease losses is comprised of two primary types of allowances:
| | | |
| | 1. | Formula Allowance |
| | | |
| | | Formula allowances are based upon loan and lease loss factors that reflect management’s estimate of probable losses in various segments or pools within the loan and lease portfolio. The loss factor for each segment or pool is multiplied by the portfolio segment (e.g. multifamily permanent mortgages) balance to derive the formula allowance amount. The loss factors are updated periodically by the Company to reflect current information that has an effect on the amount of loss inherent in each segment. |
| | | |
| | | The formula allowance is adjusted for qualitative factors that are based upon management’s evaluation of conditions that are not directly measured in the determination of the formula and specific allowances. The evaluation of inherent loss with respect to these conditions is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty because they are not identified with specific problem credits or historical performance of loan and lease portfolio segments. The conditions evaluated to determine the adjustment to the formula allowance at September 30, 2009 included the following, which existed at the balance sheet date: |
| | | | | |
| | | | • | General business and economic conditions effecting the Company’s key lending areas |
| | | | | |
| | | | • | Real estate values and market trends in Northern California |
| | | | | |
| | | | • | Loan volumes and concentrations, including trends in past due and nonperforming loans |
| | | | | |
| | | | • | Seasoning of the loan portfolio |
| | | | | |
| | | | • | Status of the current business cycle |
| | | | | |
| | | | • | Specific industry or market conditions within portfolio segments |
| | | | | |
| | | | • | Model imprecision |
| | | | | |
| | 2. | Specific Allowance |
| | | | | |
| | | Specific allowances are established in cases where management has identified significant conditions or circumstances related to an individually impaired credit. In other words, these allowances are specific to the loss inherent in a particular loan. |
The $19,423,000 in formula and specific allowances reflects management’s estimate of the inherent loss in various pools or segments in the portfolio and individual loans and leases, and includes adjustments for general economic conditions, trends in the portfolio and changes in the mix of the portfolio.
Management anticipates modest growth in commercial lending and commercial real estate and to a lesser extent consumer and real estate mortgage lending, while it anticipates a further decline in construction lending. As a result, future provisions will be required and the ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses to loans and leases outstanding may increase to reflect portfolio risk, increasing concentrations, loan type and changes in economic conditions.
Deposits
Total deposits increased $44,051,000, or 5.8%, to $798,995,000 at September 30, 2009 compared to $754,944,000 at December 31, 2008. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, certificates of deposit increased $34,212,000, or 12.0%, savings increased $27,849,000, or 17.7%, while noninterest-bearing demand deposits decreased $16,273,000, or 10.1%, and interest-bearing demand deposits decreased $1,737,000, or 1.1%.
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | September 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Noninterest-bearing demand | | $ | 145,475 | | $ | 161,748 | |
Interest-bearing demand | | | 150,136 | | | 151,873 | |
Savings | | | 184,938 | | | 157,089 | |
Time certificates | | | 318,446 | | | 284,234 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Total deposits | | $ | 798,995 | | $ | 754,944 | |
| | | | | | | |
29
As a result of the increase in deposits during the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the Company was able to repay the $3,516,000 in other borrowed funds outstanding at December 31, 2008, plus increase investment securities and Federal funds sold.
Liquidity
The objective of liquidity management is to ensure the continuous availability of funds to meet the demands of depositors and borrowers. Collection of principal and interest on loans and leases, the liquidations and maturities of investment securities, deposits with other banks, customer deposits and short term borrowings, when needed, are primary sources of funds that contribute to liquidity. As of September 30, 2009, $31,961,000 was outstanding in the form of subordinated debt issued by the Company. Unused lines of credit from correspondent banks to provide federal funds of $10,000,000 as of September 30, 2009 were also available to provide liquidity. In addition, NVB is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) providing additional unused borrowing capacity of $184,864,000 secured by certain loans and investment securities as of September 30, 2009. The Company also has an unused line of credit with Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”) of $27,438,000 secured by first deeds of trust on eligible commercial real estate loans and leases and investment securities.
The Company manages both assets and liabilities by monitoring asset and liability mixes, volumes, maturities, yields and rates in order to preserve liquidity and earnings stability. Total liquid assets (cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, and available for sale investment securities) totaled $208,486,000 and $103,498,000 (or 22.8% and 11.8% of total assets) at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
Core deposits, defined as demand deposits, interest bearing demand deposits, regular savings, money market deposit accounts and time deposits of less than $100,000, continue to provide a relatively stable and low cost source of funds. Core deposits totaled $657,312,000 and $633,813,000 at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
In assessing liquidity, historical information such as seasonal loan demand, local economic cycles and the economy in general are considered along with current ratios, management goals and unique characteristics of the Company. Management believes the Company is in compliance with its policies relating to liquidity.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
The Company continuously monitors earning asset and deposit levels, developments and trends in interest rates, liquidity, capital adequacy and marketplace opportunities. Management responds to all of these to protect and possibly enhance net interest income while managing risks within acceptable levels as set forth in the Company’s policies. In addition, alternative business plans and contemplated transactions are also analyzed for their impact. This process, known as asset/liability management, is carried out by changing the maturities and relative proportions of the various types of loans, investments, deposits and other borrowings in the ways prescribed above.
The tool used to manage and analyze the interest rate sensitivity of a financial institution is known as a simulation model and is performed with specialized software built for this specific purpose for financial institutions. This model allows management to analyze three specific types of risks: market risk, mismatch risk, and basis risk.
Market Risk
Market risk results from the fact that the market values of assets or liabilities on which the interest rate is fixed will increase or decrease with changes in market interest rates. If the Company invests in a fixed-rate, long term security and then interest rates rise, the security is worth less than a comparable security just issued because the older security pays less interest than the newly issued security. If the security had to be sold before maturity, then the Company would incur a loss on the sale. Conversely, if interest rates fall after a fixed-rate security is purchased, its value increases, because it is paying at a higher rate than newly issued securities. The fixed rate liabilities of the Company, like certificates of deposit and fixed-rate borrowings, also change in value with changes in interest rates. As rates drop, they become more valuable to the depositor and hence more costly to the Company. As rates rise, they become more valuable to the Company. Therefore, while the value changes when rates move in either direction, the adverse impacts of market risk to the Company’s fixed-rate assets are due to rising rates and for the Company’s fixed-rate liabilities, they are due to falling rates. In general, the change in market value due to changes in interest rates is greater in financial instruments that have longer remaining maturities. Therefore, the exposure to market risk of assets is lessened by managing the amount of fixed-rate assets and by keeping maturities relatively short. These steps, however, must be balanced against the need for adequate interest income because variable-rate and shorter-term assets generally yield less interest than longer-term or fixed-rate assets.
30
Mismatch Risk
The second interest-related risk, mismatch risk, arises from the fact that when interest rates change, the changes do not occur equally in the rates of interest earned and paid because of differences in the contractual terms of the assets and liabilities held. A difference in the contractual terms, a mismatch, can cause adverse impacts on net interest income.
The Company has a certain portion of its loan portfolio tied to the national prime rate. If these rates are lowered because of general market conditions, e.g., the prime rate decreases in response to a rate decrease by the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee (“FOMC”), these loans will be repriced. If the Company were at the same time to have a large proportion of its deposits in long-term fixed-rate certificates, interest earned on loans would decline while interest paid on the certificates would remain at higher levels for a period of time until they mature. Therefore net interest income would decrease immediately. A decrease in net interest income could also occur with rising interest rates if the Company had a large portfolio of fixed-rate loans and securities that was funded by deposit accounts on which the rate is steadily rising.
This exposure to mismatch risk is managed by attempting to match the maturities and repricing opportunities of assets and liabilities. This may be done by varying the terms and conditions of the products that are offered to depositors and borrowers. For example, if many depositors want shorter-term certificates while most borrowers are requesting longer-term fixed rate loans, the Company will adjust the interest rates on the certificates and loans to try to match up demand for similar maturities. The Company can then partially fill in mismatches by purchasing securities or borrowing funds from the FHLB with the appropriate maturity or repricing characteristics.
Basis Risk
The third interest-related risk, basis risk, arises from the fact that interest rates rarely change in a parallel or equal manner. The interest rates associated with the various assets and liabilities differ in how often they change, the extent to which they change, and whether they change sooner or later than other interest rates. For example, while the repricing of a specific asset and a specific liability may occur at roughly the same time, the interest rate on the liability may rise one percent in response to rising market rates while the asset increases only one-half percent. While the Company would appear to be evenly matched with respect to mismatch risk, it would suffer a decrease in net interest income. This exposure to basis risk is the type of interest risk least able to be managed, but is also the least dramatic. Avoiding concentration in only a few types of assets or liabilities is the best means of increasing the chance that the average interest received and paid will move in tandem. The wider diversification means that many different rates, each with their own volatility characteristics, will come into play.
Net Interest Income and Net Economic Value Simulations
To quantify the extent of all of these risks both in its current position and in transactions it might make in the future, the Company uses computer modeling to simulate the impact of different interest rate scenarios on net interest income and on net economic value. Net economic value or the market value of portfolio equity is defined as the difference between the market value of financial assets and liabilities. These hypothetical scenarios include both sudden and gradual interest rate changes, and interest rate changes in both directions. This modeling is the primary means the Company uses for interest rate risk management decisions.
The hypothetical impact of sudden interest rate shocks applied to the Company’s asset and liability balances are modeled quarterly. The results of this modeling indicate how much of the Company’s net interest income and net economic value are “at risk” (deviation from the base level) from various sudden rate changes. This exercise is valuable in identifying risk exposures. The results for the Company’s most recent simulation analysis indicate that the Company’s net interest income at risk over a one-year period and net economic value at risk from 2% shocks are within normal expectations for sudden changes and do not materially differ from those of December 31, 2008.
For this simulation analysis, the Company has made certain assumptions about the duration of its non-maturity deposits that are important to determining net economic value at risk.
Capital Resources
The Company maintains capital to support the operations of the business, and for future growth. From the depositor standpoint, a greater amount of capital on hand relative to total assets is generally viewed as positive. At the same time, from the standpoint of the shareholder, a greater amount of capital on hand may not be viewed as positive because it limits the Company’s ability to earn a high rate of return on stockholders’ equity (ROE). Stockholders’ equity decreased to $71,874,000 as of September 30, 2009, as compared to $77,258,000 at December 31, 2008. The decrease was due primarily to the net loss of $6,512,000. Under current regulations, management believes that the Company meets all capital adequacy requirements and North Valley Bank was considered well capitalized at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
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The Company continues to evaluate the impact of deteriorating economic conditions in the United States and in the State of California and the Company’s market area relative to the inherent risks to its loan portfolio as borrowers are confronted with extraordinary economic circumstances, including increased unemployment and declines in the value of investments and residential and commercial real estate. The Company’s evaluation of such economic circumstances includes an assessment of its capital requirements in addition to loan reviews and analysis of the sufficiency of the allowance for loan and lease losses. The Company anticipates that it may be necessary to augment its capital as a consequence of such economic circumstances in order to maintain safe and sound banking operations with appropriate capital ratios under applicable regulatory guidelines, which may include various forms of capital raising transactions.
The United States Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) provides capital to financial institutions through the purchase of senior preferred shares on standardized terms under a Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”) first announced in October 2008. Through the CPP, the Treasury will invest up to $250 billion. Financial institutions participating in the CPP pay the Treasury a five percent dividend on senior preferred shares for the first five years and a rate of nine percent per year thereafter. Banks may repay Treasury under the conditions established in the CPP purchase agreements (as amended by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act) and Treasury may sell these shares when market conditions stabilize. Treasury and the federal banking agencies, which include the FDIC, the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Office of Thrift Supervision, analyze and evaluate applications submitted under the CPP. At the present time, the Company’s Board of Directors has not made a decision whether participation in the CPP would be in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders.
The Company’s and North Valley Bank’s capital amounts and risk-based capital ratios are presented below (in thousands).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Actual | | For Capital Adequacy Purposes | | To be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions | |
| | | | | | | |
| | Amount | | Ratio | | Minimum Amount | | Minimum Ratio | | Minimum Amount | | Minimum Ratio | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Company | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of September 30, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total capital (to risk weighted assets) | | $ | 91,073 | | 12.36 | % | $ | 58,947 | | 8.00 | % | | N/A | | N/A | |
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) | | $ | 74,953 | | 10.18 | % | $ | 29,451 | | 4.00 | % | | N/A | | N/A | |
Tier 1 capital (to average assets) | | $ | 74,953 | | 8.29 | % | $ | 36,166 | | 4.00 | % | | N/A | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total capital (to risk weighted assets) | | $ | 104,125 | | 12.75 | % | $ | 65,333 | | 8.00 | % | | N/A | | N/A | |
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) | | $ | 89,231 | | 10.93 | % | $ | 32,655 | | 4.00 | % | | N/A | | N/A | |
Tier 1 capital (to average assets) | | $ | 89,231 | | 10.36 | % | $ | 34,452 | | 4.00 | % | | N/A | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
North Valley Bank | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of September 30, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total capital (to risk weighted assets) | | $ | 92,357 | | 12.53 | % | $ | 58,967 | | 8.00 | % | $ | 73,709 | | 10.00 | % |
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) | | $ | 83,018 | | 11.26 | % | $ | 29,491 | | 4.00 | % | $ | 44,237 | | 6.00 | % |
Tier 1 capital (to average assets) | | $ | 83,018 | | 9.18 | % | $ | 36,173 | | 4.00 | % | $ | 45,217 | | 5.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total capital (to risk weighted assets) | | $ | 102,906 | | 12.61 | % | $ | 65,285 | | 8.00 | % | $ | 81,607 | | 10.00 | % |
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) | | $ | 92,693 | | 11.36 | % | $ | 32,638 | | 4.00 | % | $ | 48,958 | | 6.00 | % |
Tier 1 capital (to average assets) | | $ | 92,693 | | 10.79 | % | $ | 34,363 | | 4.00 | % | $ | 42,953 | | 5.00 | % |
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
In management’s opinion, there has not been a material change in the Company’s market risk profile for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008. Please see discussion under the caption “Interest Rate Sensitivity” on page 30.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in reports filed by the Company under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2009. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2009 that has materially affected or is reasonable likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no material legal proceedings pending against the Company or against any of its property. The Company, because of the nature of its business, is generally subject to various legal actions, threatened or filed, which involve ordinary, routine litigation incidental to its business. Some of the pending cases seek punitive damages in addition to other relief. Although the amount of the ultimate exposure, if any, cannot be determined at this time, the Company does not expect that the final outcome of threatened or filed suits will have a materially adverse effect on its consolidated financial position.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Below are additional risk factors to the ones previously disclosed by the Company in its response to Item 1A of Part 1 of Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.
Recent Regulatory Examination. The Bank expects to enter into a written agreement with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in connection with a recently completed examination of the Bank in September 2009. The Company anticipates that the Bank will be required to develop a written plan to improve the quality of assets, maintain adequate capital and enhance capital planning, and ensure sustained earnings. The Company does not currently anticipate that compliance with the written agreement will materially impact the operations of the Bank. However, at this time the Company cannot provide any assurance as to its potential impact on the Bank.
Access to Additional Capital. If the Company needs additional capital as a result of losses or its business strategy or regulatory requirements, there can be no assurance that efforts to raise such additional capital will be successful. The inability to raise additional capital when needed or at prices and terms acceptable to the Company could adversely affect the Company’s ability to implement its business strategies.
Access to Additional Liquidity. Liquidity is essential to the Company’s business in order to maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. An inability to raise funds through deposits, repurchase agreements, federal funds purchased, FHLB advances, and the sale or pledging of loans and other assets as collateral could have a substantial negative effect on liquidity. The Company’s access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance its activities could be impaired by factors that affect the Company in particular or the financial services industry in general. Factors that could negatively affect our access to liquidity sources include negative operating results, a decrease in the level of business activity due to a market downturn or negative regulatory action taken against the Company or the Bank. The Company’s ability to borrow could also be impaired by factors that are not specific to the Company, such as severe disruption of the financial markets or negative news and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry as a whole, as evidenced by recent turmoil in the domestic and worldwide credit markets.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
| | |
| 31 | Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certifications |
| 32 | Section 1350 Certifications |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
NORTH VALLEY BANCORP |
|
(Registrant) |
| |
By: | |
| |
/s/ Michael J. Cushman | |
| |
Michael J. Cushman | |
President & Chief Executive Officer | |
(Principal Executive Officer) | |
| |
/s/ Kevin R. Watson | |
| |
Kevin R. Watson | |
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer | |
(Principal Financial Officer & Principal Accounting Officer) | |
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