new awards and to awards that are outstanding on the effective date and subsequently modified or cancelled. Under the modified prospective application, prior periods are not revised for comparative purposes. Share-based compensation expense recognized under FAS 123R for the first six months of fiscal 2006 was $6.6 million. At March 31, 2006, total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to non-vested stock options granted prior to that date was $ 24.8 million. The weighted average period over which the unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to non-vested stock options will be recognized is 2.1 years. Stock options, before forfeitures and cancellations, granted during the six months ended March 31, 2006 represented 2.1% of outstanding shares as of March 31, 2006.
At March 31, 2006, total unrecognized compensation for restricted stock (nonvested awards) is $2.8 million.
Upon adoption of SFAS 123(R), the Company elected to retain its method of valuation for share-based awards granted beginning in fiscal 2006 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (“Black-Scholes model”) which was also previously used for the Company’s pro forma information required under SFAS 123. The Company’s determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors.
If factors change and we employ different assumptions in the application of FAS 123R in future periods, the compensation expense that we record under FAS 123R may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period. Therefore, we believe it is important for investors to be aware of the high degree of subjectivity involved when using option-pricing models to estimate share-based compensation under FAS 123R. Option-pricing models were developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have no vesting or hedging restrictions, are fully transferable and do not cause dilution. Certain share-based payments, such as employee stock options, may expire worthless or otherwise result in zero intrinsic value as compared to the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in our financial statements. Alternatively, value may be realized from these instruments that is significantly in excess of the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in our financial statements. There is currently no market-based mechanism or other practical application to verify the reliability and accuracy of the estimates stemming from these valuation models, nor is there a means to compare and adjust the estimates to actual values. Although the fair value of employee share-based awards is determined in accordance with FAS 123R and the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107) using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.
Estimates of share-based compensation expenses are significant to our financial statements, but these expenses are based on option valuation models and will never result in the payment of cash by us. For this reason, and because we do not view share-based compensation as related to our operational performance, we exclude estimated share-based compensation expense when evaluating the business performance of our operations.
The guidance in FAS 123R and SAB 107 is relatively new, and best practices are not well established. The application of these principles may be subject to further interpretation and refinement over time. There are significant differences among valuation models, and there is a possibility that we will adopt different valuation models in the future. This may result in a lack of consistency in future periods and materially affect the fair value estimate of share-based payments. It may also result in a lack of comparability with other companies that use different models, methods and assumptions.
Theoretical valuation models and market-based methods are evolving and may result in lower or higher fair value estimates for share-based compensation. The timing, readiness, adoption, general acceptance, reliability and testing of these methods is uncertain. Sophisticated mathematical models may require voluminous historical information, modeling expertise, financial analyses, correlation analyses, integrated software and databases, consulting fees, customization and testing for adequacy of internal controls. Market-based methods are emerging that, if employed by us, may dilute our earnings per share and involve significant transaction fees and ongoing administrative expenses. The uncertainties and costs of these extensive valuation efforts may outweigh the benefits to investors.
We did not modify any of our outstanding share options prior to the adoption of FAS 123R with the exception of the acceleration of certain of our unvested “out of the money” stock options on September 2, 2005. Specifically, we
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accelerated the vesting of options previously awarded to employees and officers that had an exercise price per share over $9.00 and were granted prior to November 10, 2004 were fully vested and accounted for under SFAS 123. As a result of this action, options to purchase approximately 3.8 million shares of Skyworks stock became immediately exercisable. The decision to accelerate vesting of these options was accounted for under SFAS 123 and made to avoid recognizing compensation cost associated with certain “out-of-the-money” options in the statement of operations in future financial statements upon the effectiveness of SFAS 123(R).
During fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2006, we elected to gradually transition more of our share-based compensation awards to restricted stock (with service, market or performance based conditions) from traditional stock options.
We granted 207,000 performance units during the quarter ended March 31, 2006, pursuant to which recipients would receive common stock if certain milestones are achieved. We determined that as of the grant date and March 31, 2006, achievement of the milestones was not probable, thus we did not recognize any compensation expense for the period ending March 31, 2006.
We used an arithmetic average of historical volatility and implied volatility to calculate our expected volatility at March 31, 2006. Historical volatility was determined by calculating the mean reversion of the daily-adjusted closing stock price over the past 3.37 years of our existence (post-Merger). The implied volatility was calculated by analyzing the 52-week minimum and maximum prices of publicly traded call options on our common stock. We concluded that an arithmetic average of these two calculations provided for the most reasonable estimate of expected volatility under the guidance of SFAS 123(R). Utilizing this methodology results in a volatility of 66.02% for the six month period ended March 31, 2006.
The expected life of employee stock options represents a calculation based upon the historical exercise experience of our stock options over the past 3.37 years (post-Merger). We determined that we had two populations with unique exercise behavior. These populations included stock options with a contractual life of 7 years and 10 years, respectively. This methodology results in an expected term calculation of 4.42 and 5.84 years, respectively.
The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield curve of U.S. Treasury strip securities for a period consistent with the contractual life of the option in effect at the time of grant (weighted-average of 4.85% at March 31, 2006).
The post-vesting forfeiture rate is estimated using historical option cancellation information (weighted-average of 8.59% for the six months ended March 31, 2006).
NET REVENUES
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended March 31, |
| | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, | | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, |
| | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 | | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 |
(dollars in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues | | $ | 185,234 | | | | (2.8 | )% | | $ | 190,505 | | | $ | 383,559 | | | | (6.6 | )% | | $ | 410,665 | |
We market and sell our semiconductor products and system solutions to leading Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”) of communication electronics products, third-party original design manufacturers (“ODMs”) and contract manufacturers, and indirectly through electronic components distributors.
Net revenues decreased 2.8% or $5.3 million and 6.6% or $27.1 million for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006, respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2005. Revenues from our RF Solutions and Linear Product areas increased 11.2% ($17.4 million) from $154.9 million to $172.3 million in the second fiscal quarter of 2006 as compared to the corresponding period in 2005. Revenues from these product areas increased 7.2% ($23.6 million) from $329.2 million to $352.8 million in the six month period ended March 31, 2006, as compared to the corresponding period in 2005. These increases were offset by 58.0% ($18.0 million) and 57.4% ($41.5 million) decreases in revenues in our baseband product area for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006 as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year, reflecting a market share consolidation from
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tier-three suppliers to leading cellular handset OEMs. Assembly and test service revenues also decreased by approximately $4.5 million and $9.1 million for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006, respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2005 due to the completion of the assembly and test services agreement with Conexant. Overall average selling prices declined by approximately 13.5% and 15.1% for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006, respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year. The decrease in average selling prices was offset by an increase in overall units sold for both the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006, respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year.
GROSS PROFIT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, | | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, |
| | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 | | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 |
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | $ | 69,350 | | | | (4.5 | )% | | $ | 72,599 | | | $ | 144,073 | | | | (10.3 | )% | | $ | 160,618 | |
% of net revenues | | | 37.4 | % | | | | | | | 38.1 | % | | | 37.6 | % | | | | | | | 39.1 | % |
Gross profit represents net revenues less cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of purchased materials, labor and overhead (including depreciation) associated with product manufacturing, royalty and other intellectual property costs and sustaining engineering expenses pertaining to products sold.
As indicated in the table above, gross profit declined both in aggregate dollars and as a percentage of revenue for the three and six months ended March 31, 2006 when compared to the corresponding periods in 2005. The decrease in gross profit in aggregate dollars was principally due to the previously discussed baseband product area revenue decline of $18.0 million and $41.5 million for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2005, and the associated contribution margin decline of approximately $9.0 million and $20.8 million, respectively. The decline in gross profit as a percentage of net revenues was primarily the result of higher production costs on a lower overall revenue base for both the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006, as well as higher start up costs incurred from the ramping of multiple new products. Supply constraints also caused operating inefficiencies, resulting in increased off-shore assembly and test expenses at higher costs, and higher production costs due to increasing commodity, utility and freight costs. Scrap costs due to quality issues with components received from certain key suppliers also impacted gross margin. The decline in gross profits was partially offset by higher contribution margin received on intellectual property revenue during the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006 as compared to the previous year.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, | | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, |
| | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 | | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 |
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | $ | 40,557 | | | | 4.9 | % | | $ | 38,676 | | | $ | 82,987 | | | | 9.5 | % | | $ | 75,789 | |
% of net revenues | | | 21.9 | % | | | | | | | 20.3 | % | | | 21.6 | % | | | | | | | 18.5 | % |
Research and development expenses consist principally of direct personnel costs, costs for pre-production evaluation and testing of new devices, and design and test tool costs.
The increase in research and development expenses illustrated in the table above for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006 when compared to the corresponding periods in 2005 is primarily attributable to increased labor and benefit costs incurred to support our next generation multimode radios and precision analog semiconductors. We anticipate acceleration in the ramping of our Helios EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) radio, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) solutions and next generation front-end modules at several of our top customers during the second half of fiscal year 2006. The increased research and development cost primarily supports these ramping products. We also incurred approximately $1.5 million and $2.9 million in research and development related share-based compensation expense in the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006 related to our adoption of SFAS 123(R). No share-based compensation expense was recorded in the corresponding periods in fiscal 2005.
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SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, | | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, |
| | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 | | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 |
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative | | $ | 25,710 | | | | 2.6 | % | | $ | 25,058 | | | $ | 48,963 | | | | (6.3 | )% | | $ | 52,282 | |
% of net revenues | | | 13.8 | % | | | | | | | 13.2 | % | | | 12.8 | % | | | | | | | 12.7 | % |
Selling, general and administrative expenses include personnel costs (legal, accounting, treasury, human resources, information systems, customer service, etc.), sales representative commissions, advertising and other marketing costs.
As detailed in the table above, selling, general and administrative expenses increased for the three months ended March 31, 2006 when compared to the corresponding period in the previous fiscal year. This increase primarily resulted from our recognition of $1.5 million in share-based compensation expense during the three month period ended March 31, 2006 related to our adoption of SFAS 123(R). No share-based compensation expense was recorded in the corresponding period in 2005. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased for the six month period ended March 31, 2006 as compared to the corresponding period in the previous fiscal year, primarily as the result of a reduction in legal expenses incurred to protect our intellectual property portfolio. In addition, the recognition of a gain on the sale of fixed assets in the first fiscal quarter of 2006 reduced overall selling, general and administrative costs. These cost savings were marginally offset by our recognition of $2.8 million in share-based compensation expense in the six month period ended March 31, 2006 related to our adoption of SFAS 123(R). No share-based compensation expense was recorded in the corresponding period in fiscal 2005.
AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, | | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, |
| | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 | | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 |
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization | | $ | 536 | | | | (1.7 | )% | | $ | 545 | | | $ | 1,072 | | | | (16.4 | )% | | $ | 1,282 | |
% of net revenues | | | 0.3 | % | | | | | | | 0.3 | % | | | 0.3 | % | | | | | | | 0.3 | % |
In 2002, we recorded $36.4 million of intangible assets related to the Merger consisting of developed technology, customer relationships and a trademark. These assets are principally being amortized on a straight-line basis over a 10-year period. The decrease in amortization expense between the first six months of 2006 and the corresponding period in fiscal 2005 is due to the recognition of amortization expense on a warrant of $0.2 million in fiscal 2005. The warrant expired without being exercised on January 20, 2005.
INTEREST EXPENSE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, | | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, |
| | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 | | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 |
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | $ | 4,446 | | | | 22.3 | % | | $ | 3,635 | | | $ | 8,258 | | | | 15.2 | % | | $ | 7,168 | |
% of net revenues | | | 2.4 | % | | | | | | | 1.9 | % | | | 2.2 | % | | | | | | | 1.7 | % |
Interest expense is comprised principally of payments on our $50.0 million credit facility (“Facility Agreement”) and Junior notes payable.
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The increase in interest expense for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006 when compared to the corresponding periods in fiscal 2006 is primarily due to a higher interest rate paid on the Facility Agreement as well as an increase in the amortization of capitalized deferred financing costs of $0.6 million in the three month period ended March 31, 2006 due to the retirement of $50.7 million of our long-term debt.
See Note 7 of Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to our borrowing arrangements.
OTHER INCOME, NET
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, | | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, |
| | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 | | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 |
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income, net | | $ | 2,430 | | | | 127.7 | % | | $ | 1,067 | | | $ | 4,749 | | | | 117.0 | % | | $ | 2,188 | |
% of net revenues | | | 1.3 | % | | | | | | | 0.6 | % | | | 1.2 | % | | | | | | | 0.5 | % |
Other income, net is comprised primarily of foreign exchange gains/losses, interest income on invested cash balances and other non-operating income and expense items.
The increase in other income for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2006 when compared to the corresponding periods in the previous fiscal year is primarily related to an increase in interest income on invested cash balances as a result of increased interest rates earned on our auction rate securities.
(BENEFIT) PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended | | Six Months Ended |
| | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, | | March 31, | | | | | | April 1, |
| | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 | | 2006 | | Change | | 2005 |
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Benefit) Provision for income taxes | | $ | (395 | ) | | | (108.8 | )% | | $ | 4,508 | | | $ | 2,329 | | | | (79.1 | )% | | $ | 11,124 | |
% of net revenues | | | (0.2 | )% | | | | | | | 2.4 | % | | | 0.6 | % | | | | | | | 2.7 | % |
As a result of our history of operating losses and the expectation of future operating results, we determined that it is more likely than not that historical income tax benefits will not be realized except for certain future deductions associated with our foreign operations. Consequently, as of March 31, 2006, we have maintained a valuation allowance against all of our net U.S. deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets have been recognized for foreign operations when management believes they will be recovered during the carry forward period.
For the three months ended March 31, 2006, we recorded an income tax benefit of $0.4 million as a result of the reversal of U.S. federal and state income taxes in the amount of $1.6 million recorded in the first quarter of 2006 which was partially offset by a $1.2 million provision for foreign taxes. The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the three and six months ended March 31, 2006, consists of approximately $1.2 million and $2.3 million of foreign income taxes incurred by foreign operations, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended April 1, 2005 consists of approximately $0.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively, of foreign income taxes incurred by foreign operations. In addition, the provision for income taxes also principally includes $2.2 million of additional foreign taxes for the six months ended April 1, 2005 related to a change in the expected future benefit of our deferred tax assets as the result of regulated reductions in the applicable tax rates in Mexico. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of the Company’s foreign-denominated long-term deferred tax assets are included in the provision for income taxes and increased our tax expense by $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2006, respectively. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of the Company’s foreign-denominated long-term deferred tax assets for the three and six months ended April 1, 2005, decreased our tax expense by $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended April 1, 2005, approximately $3.0 million and $7.2 million, respectively, was recorded as a charge reducing the carrying value of goodwill. As noted in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, no benefit has been recognized for certain pre-Merger deferred tax assets. The benefit from the recognition of these deferred items reduces the carrying value of goodwill instead of a reduction of income tax expense. We will evaluate the realization of the pre-Merger deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis and adjust the provision for income taxes accordingly. As a result, the effective tax rate may vary in subsequent quarters.
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During the six months ended April 1, 2005, we reversed our policy of permanently reinvesting the earnings of our Mexican subsidiary. We distributed approximately $17.0 million of accumulated earnings, which was not subject to Mexican withholding tax and could be applied against U.S. net operating loss carryforwards resulting in no U.S. income tax expense. For the six months ended March 31, 2006, U.S. income tax was provided on current earnings attributable to our operations in Mexico. No provision has been made for U.S. federal, state, or additional foreign income taxes, which would be due upon the actual or deemed distribution of undistributed earnings of our other foreign subsidiaries, which have been or are, intended to be permanently reinvested. The effect on our financial statements is immaterial.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
| | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended | |
(in thousands) | | March 31, | | | April 1, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | $ | 116,522 | | | $ | 123,505 | |
|
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 22,849 | | | | 18,309 | |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | 27,009 | | | | (39,741 | ) |
|
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (49,626 | ) | | | 3,512 | |
| | | | | | |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 116,754 | | | $ | 105,585 | |
| | | | | | |
At March 31, 2006, our cash and cash equivalent balances remained consistent with balances at September 30, 2005. The number of days sales outstanding for the six months ended March 31, 2006 increased to 85 from 79 for the corresponding period in the previous fiscal year. Annualized inventory turns for the six months ended March 31, 2006 were 5.0 compared to 5.9 for the corresponding period in the previous fiscal year. The decline in inventory turns was due to planned inventory increases.
During the six months ended March 31, 2006, we generated $22.8 million in cash from operating activities as we experienced an increase in accounts payable balances of $2.5 million, an increase in other liability balances of $1.0 and a decrease in deferred tax assets of $1.8 million, offset by an increase in inventory balances of $14.6 million and an increase in receivable balances of $1.1 million. Non-cash charges (including depreciation, amortization, contribution of common shares to savings and retirement plans and share-based compensation expense) totaled $32.0 million.
Cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2006, consisted of net sales of $53.1 million in auction rate securities offset by capital expenditures of $26.1 million primarily related to the equipment utilized to design new highly integrated products and processes, enabling us to address new opportunities and to meet our customers’ demands. The proceeds from the net sales of our auction rate securities were utilized to retire $50.7 million in long-term debt. We believe a focused program of capital expenditures will be required to sustain our current manufacturing capabilities. We may also consider acquisition opportunities to extend our technology portfolio and design expertise and to expand our product offerings.
Cash used in financing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2006 represents the retirement of $50.7 million in our long-term debt offset by stock option exercises of $1.0 million.
Cash provided by operating activities was $18.3 million for the six months ended April 1, 2005, reflecting net income of $15.2 million and non-cash charges (including depreciation, charge in lieu of income tax expense,
28
amortization and contribution of common shares to savings and retirement plans) of $33.0 million. This was offset by an increase in receivables of $9.3 million, an increase in inventories of $1.0 million, a decrease in accounts payable balances of $6.9 million and a decrease in other liabilities of $14.4 million.
Cash used in investing activities for the six months ended April 1, 2005 consisted of capital expenditures of $17.0 million and net investments in auction rate securities of $22.7 million.
Cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended April 1, 2005 represents cash provided by stock option exercises of $4.3 million offset somewhat by payments on short-term borrowings of $0.8 million.
Based on our results of operations for the six months ended March 31, 2006 and current trends, we expect our existing sources of liquidity, together with cash expected to be generated from operations, will be sufficient to fund our research and development, capital expenditures, debt obligations, purchase obligations, working capital and other cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, we cannot assure you that the capital required to fund these expenses would be available in the future. In addition, any strategic investments and acquisitions that we may make to help us grow our business may require additional capital resources. If we are unable to obtain enough capital to meet our capital needs on a timely basis or at all, our business and operations could be materially adversely affected.
We may from time to time seek to retire our outstanding debt through cash purchases or exchanges for equity securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Our contractual obligations disclosure in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2005 has not materially changed since we filed that report.
CERTAIN BUSINESS RISKS
We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control. This discussion highlights some of the risks, which may affect our future operating results. These are the risks and uncertainties we believe are most important for you to consider. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, which we currently deem immaterial or which are similar to those faced by other companies in our industry or business in general, may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition and operating results would likely suffer.
We operate in the highly cyclical wireless communications semiconductor industry, which is subject to significant downturns.
We operate primarily in the semiconductor industry, which is cyclical and subject to rapid change and evolving industry standards. From time to time, changes in general economic conditions, together with other factors, cause significant upturns and downturns in the industry. Periods of industry downturn are characterized by diminished product demand, production overcapacity, excess inventory levels and accelerated erosion of average selling prices. These characteristics, and in particular their impact on the level of demand for digital cellular handsets, may cause substantial fluctuations in our revenues and results of operations. Furthermore, downturns in the semiconductor industry may be severe and prolonged, and any prolonged delay or failure of the industry or the wireless communications market to recover from downturns would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The semiconductor industry also periodically experiences increased demand and production capacity and materials constraints, which may affect our ability to meet customer demand for our products. We have experienced these cyclical fluctuations in our business and may experience cyclical fluctuations in the future.
We have incurred substantial operating losses in the past and may experience future losses.
Our operating results for fiscal years 2002 and 2003 were adversely affected by a global economic slowdown, decreased consumer confidence, reduced capital spending, and adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns in the telecommunications and related industries. These factors led to a slowdown in customer orders, an increase in the
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number of cancellations and reschedulings of backlog, higher overhead costs as a percentage of our reduced net revenue, and an abrupt decline in demand for many of the end-user products that incorporate our wireless communications semiconductor products and system solutions. Although we emerged from this period of economic weakness in fiscal 2004, should economic conditions deteriorate for any reason, it could result in underutilization of our manufacturing capacity, reduced revenues or changes in our revenue mix, and other impacts that would materially and adversely affect our operating results. Due to this economic uncertainty, although we were profitable in fiscal 2004 and fiscal 2005, we cannot assure you that we will be able to sustain such profitability or that we will not experience future operating losses.
Additionally, the conflict in Iraq, as well as other contemporary international conflicts, natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and civil and military unrest contributes to the economic uncertainty. These continuing and potentially escalating conflicts can also be expected to place continued pressure on economic conditions in the United States and worldwide. These conditions make it extremely difficult for our customers, our vendors and for us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. If such uncertainty continues or economic conditions worsen (or both), our business, financial condition and results of operations will likely be materially and adversely affected.
The wireless semiconductor markets are characterized by intense competition.
The wireless communications semiconductor industry in general and the markets in which we compete in particular are intensely competitive. We compete with U.S. and international semiconductor manufacturers of all sizes in terms of resources and market share. We currently face significant competition in our markets and expect that intense price and product competition will continue. This competition has resulted in, and is expected to continue to result in, declining average selling prices for our products and increased challenges in maintaining or increasing market share. Furthermore, additional competitors may enter our markets as a result of growth opportunities in communications electronics, the trend toward global expansion by foreign and domestic competitors and technological and public policy changes. We believe that the principal competitive factors for semiconductor suppliers in our markets include, among others:
| • | | rapid time-to-market and product ramp, |
|
| • | | timely new product innovation, |
|
| • | | product quality, reliability and performance, |
|
| • | | product price, |
|
| • | | features available in products, |
|
| • | | compliance with industry standards, |
|
| • | | strategic relationships with customers, and |
|
| • | | access to and protection of intellectual property. |
We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully address these factors. Many of our competitors enjoy the benefit of:
| • | | long presence in key markets, |
|
| • | | name recognition, |
|
| • | | high levels of customer satisfaction, |
|
| • | | ownership or control of key technology or intellectual property, and |
|
| • | | strong financial, sales and marketing, manufacturing, distribution, technical or other resources. |
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As a result, certain competitors may be able to adapt more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements or may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we can.
Current and potential competitors have established or may in the future establish, financial or strategic relationships among themselves or with customers, resellers or other third parties. These relationships may affect customers’ purchasing decisions. Accordingly, it is possible that new competitors or alliances among competitors could emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share. Furthermore, some of our customers have divisions that internally develop or manufacture products similar to ours, and may compete with us. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against current and potential competitors. Increased competition could result in pricing pressures, decreased gross margins and loss of market share and may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our manufacturing processes are extremely complex and specialized.
Our manufacturing operations are complex and subject to disruption, including for causes beyond our control. The fabrication of integrated circuits is an extremely complex and precise process consisting of hundreds of separate steps. It requires production in a highly controlled, clean environment. Minor impurities, contamination of the clean room environment, errors in any step of the fabrication process, defects in the masks used to print circuits on a wafer, defects in equipment or materials, human error, or a number of other factors can cause a substantial percentage of wafers to be rejected or numerous die on each wafer to malfunction. Because our operating results are highly dependent upon our ability to produce integrated circuits at acceptable manufacturing yields, these factors could have a material adverse affect on our business. In addition, we may discover from time to time defects in our products after they have been shipped, which may require us to pay warranty claims, replace products, or pay costs associated with the recall of a customer’s products containing our parts.
Additionally, our operations may be affected by lengthy or recurring disruptions of operations at any of our production facilities or those of our subcontractors. These disruptions may include electrical power outages, fire, earthquake, flooding, war, acts of terrorism, health advisories or risks, or other natural or man-made disasters. Disruptions of our manufacturing operations could cause significant delays in shipments until we are able to shift the products from an affected facility or subcontractor to another facility or subcontractor. In the event of such delays, we cannot assure you that the required alternative capacity, particularly wafer production capacity, would be available on a timely basis or at all. Even if alternative wafer production or assembly and test capacity is available, we may not be able to obtain it on favorable terms, which could result in higher costs and/or a loss of customers. We may be unable to obtain sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet demand, either at our own facilities or through external manufacturing or similar arrangements with others.
Due to the highly specialized nature of the gallium arsenide integrated circuit manufacturing process, in the event of a disruption at the Newbury Park, California or Woburn, Massachusetts semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities, alternative gallium arsenide production capacity would not be immediately available from third-party sources. These disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to maintain and improve manufacturing yields that contribute positively to our gross margin and profitability.
Minor deviations or perturbations in the manufacturing process can cause substantial manufacturing yield loss, and in some cases, cause production to be suspended. Manufacturing yields for new products initially tend to be lower as we complete product development and commence volume manufacturing, and typically increase as we bring the product to full production. Our forward product pricing includes this assumption of improving manufacturing yields and, as a result, material variances between projected and actual manufacturing yields will have a direct effect on our gross margin and profitability. The difficulty of accurately forecasting manufacturing yields and maintaining cost competitiveness through improving manufacturing yields will continue to be magnified by the increasing process complexity of manufacturing semiconductor products. Our manufacturing operations will also face pressures arising from the compression of product life cycles, which will require us to manufacture new products faster and for shorter periods while maintaining acceptable manufacturing yields and quality without, in many cases, reaching the longer-term, high-volume manufacturing conducive to higher manufacturing yields and declining costs.
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We are dependent upon third parties for the manufacture, assembly and test of our products.
We rely upon independent wafer fabrication facilities, called foundries, to provide silicon-based products and to supplement our gallium arsenide wafer manufacturing capacity. There are significant risks associated with reliance on third-party foundries, including:
| • | | the lack of ensured wafer supply, potential wafer shortages and higher wafer prices, |
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| • | | limited control over delivery schedules, manufacturing yields, production costs and quality assurance, and |
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| • | | the inaccessibility of, or delays in obtaining access to, key process technologies. |
Although we have long-term supply arrangements to obtain additional external manufacturing capacity, the third-party foundries we use may allocate their limited capacity to the production requirements of other customers. If we choose to use a new foundry, it will typically take an extended period of time to complete the qualification process before we can begin shipping products from the new foundry. The foundries may experience financial difficulties, be unable to deliver products to us in a timely manner or suffer damage or destruction to their facilities, particularly since some of them are located in earthquake zones. If any disruption of manufacturing capacity occurs, we may not have alternative manufacturing sources immediately available. We may therefore experience difficulties or delays in securing an adequate supply of our products, which could impair our ability to meet our customers’ needs and have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
Although we own and operate a test and assembly facility, we still depend on subcontractors to package, assemble and test certain of our products. We do not have long-term agreements with any of our assembly or test subcontractors and typically procure services from these suppliers on a per order basis. If any of these subcontractors experiences capacity constraints or financial difficulties, suffers any damage to its facilities, experiences power outages or any other disruption of assembly or testing capacity, we may not be able to obtain alternative assembly and testing services in a timely manner. Due to the amount of time that it usually takes us to qualify assemblers and testers, we could experience significant delays in product shipments if we are required to find alternative assemblers or testers for our components. Any problems that we may encounter with the delivery, quality or cost of our products could damage our customer relationships and materially and adversely affect our results of operations. We are continuing to develop relationships with additional third-party subcontractors to assemble and test our products. However, even if we use these new subcontractors, we will continue to be subject to all of the risks described above.
We are dependent upon third parties for the supply of raw materials and components.
Our manufacturing operations depend on obtaining adequate supplies of raw materials and the components used in our manufacturing processes. Although we maintain relationships with suppliers located around the world with the objective of ensuring that we have adequate sources for the supply of raw materials and components for our manufacturing needs, recent increased demand from the semiconductor industry for such raw materials and components has resulted in tighter supplies. We cannot assure you that our suppliers will be able to meet our delivery schedules, that we will not lose a significant or sole supplier, or that a supplier will be able to meet performance and quality specifications. If a supplier were unable to meet our delivery schedules, or if we lost a supplier or a supplier were unable to meet performance or quality specifications, our ability to satisfy customer obligations would be materially and adversely affected. In addition, we review our relationships with suppliers of raw materials and components for our manufacturing needs on an ongoing basis. In connection with our ongoing review, we may modify or terminate our relationship with one or more suppliers. We may also enter into other sole supplier arrangements to meet certain of our raw material or component needs. While we do not typically rely on a single source of supply for our raw materials, we are currently dependent on a sole-source supplier for epitaxial wafers used in the gallium arsenide semiconductor manufacturing processes at our manufacturing facilities. To the extent we
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enter into additional sole supplier arrangements for any of our raw materials or components, the risks associated with our supply arrangements would be exacerbated.
Changes in the accounting treatment of share-based compensation have adversely affected our results of operations.
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment” to require companies to expense employee stock options for financial reporting purposes, effective for interim or annual periods beginning after June 15, 2005. Such equity-based award expensing has required us to value our employee stock option grants and other equity-based awards pursuant to an option valuation formula and amortize that value against our earnings over the vesting period in effect for those options. Historically we accounted for stock-based awards to employees in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and had adopted the disclosure-only alternative of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Share-Based Compensation.” In April 2005, the SEC issued a rule amending the compliance date which allows companies to implement SFAS 123(R) at the beginning of their next fiscal year, instead of the next reporting period, that begins after June 15, 2005. As a result, we implemented SFAS 123(R) in the reporting period starting October 1, 2005. This change in accounting treatment has materially affected our reported results of operations as the share-based compensation expense has been and will continue to be charged directly against our reported earnings but will have no impact on cash flows from operations. We anticipate that our share-based compensation expense will approximate $27.6 million in fiscal 2006 through 2011. This expense projection is calculated as of March 31, 2006 and does not taken into account any future equity awards that we might issue nor does it account for future actual stock-based award forfeitures. We will be required to adjust future share-based compensation expense for actual future stock option forfeitures.
Our success depends upon our ability to develop new products and reduce costs in a timely manner.
The wireless communications semiconductor industry generally and, in particular, the markets into which we sell our products are highly cyclical and characterized by constant and rapid technological change, rapid product evolution, price erosion, evolving technical standards, short product life cycles, increasing demand for higher levels of integration, increased miniaturization, and wide fluctuations in product supply and demand. Our operating results depend largely on our ability to continue to cost-effectively introduce new and enhanced products on a timely basis. The successful development and commercialization of semiconductor devices and modules is highly complex and depends on numerous factors, including:
| • | | the ability to anticipate customer and market requirements and changes in technology and industry standards, |
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| • | | the ability to obtain capacity sufficient to meet customer demand, |
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| • | | the ability to define new products that meet customer and market requirements, |
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| • | | the ability to complete development of new products and bring products to market on a timely basis, |
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| • | | the ability to differentiate our products from offerings of our competitors, |
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| • | | overall market acceptance of our products, and |
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| • | | the ability to obtain adequate intellectual property protection for our new products. |
Our ability to manufacture current products, and to develop new products, depends, among other factors, on the viability and flexibility of our own internal information technology systems (“IT Systems”). We upgrade and change our IT Systems from time to time, and recently completed a system upgrade, and there can be no assurance that such upgrade will be successful.
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We cannot assure you that we will have sufficient resources to make the substantial investment in research and development needed to develop and bring to market new and enhanced products in a timely manner. We will be required to continually evaluate expenditures for planned product development and to choose among alternative technologies based on our expectations of future market growth. We cannot assure you that we will be able to develop and introduce new or enhanced wireless communications semiconductor products in a timely and cost-effective manner, that our products will satisfy customer requirements or achieve market acceptance or that we will be able to anticipate new industry standards and technological changes. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to respond successfully to new product announcements and introductions by competitors or to changes in the design or specifications of complementary products of third parties with which our products interface. If we fail to rapidly and cost-effectively introduce new and enhanced products in sufficient quantities and that meet our customers requirements, our business and results of operations would be materially and adversely harmed.
In addition, prices of many of our products decline, sometimes significantly, over time. We believe that to remain competitive, we must continue to reduce the cost of producing and delivering existing products at the same time that we develop and introduce new or enhanced products. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to reduce the cost of our products to remain competitive.
The markets into which we sell our products are characterized by rapid technological change.
The demand for our products can change quickly and in ways we may not anticipate. Our markets generally exhibit the following characteristics:
| • | | rapid technological developments and product evolution, |
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| • | | rapid changes in customer requirements, |
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| • | | frequent new product introductions and enhancements, |
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| • | | demand for higher levels of integration, decreased size and decreased power consumption, |
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| • | | short product life cycles with declining prices over the life cycle of the product, and |
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| • | | evolving industry standards. |
These changes in our markets may contribute to the obsolescence of our products. Our products could become obsolete or less competitive sooner than anticipated because of a faster than anticipated change in one or more of the above-noted factors.
The ability to attract and retain qualified personnel to contribute to the design, development, manufacture and sale of our products is critical to our success.
As the source of our technological and product innovations, our key technical personnel represent a significant asset. Our success depends on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel, including executive officers and other key management and technical personnel. The competition for management and technical personnel is intense in the semiconductor industry, and therefore we cannot assure you that we will be able to attract and retain qualified management and other personnel necessary for the design, development, manufacture and sale of our products. We may have particular difficulty attracting and retaining key personnel during periods of poor operating performance, given, among other things, the use of equity-based compensation by us and our competitors. The loss of the services of one or more of our key employees or our inability to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate our business.
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If OEMs and ODMs of communications electronics products do not design our products into their equipment, we will have difficulty selling those products. Moreover, a “design win” from a customer does not guarantee future sales to that customer.
Our products are not sold directly to the end-user, but are components or subsystems of other products. As a result, we rely on OEMs and ODMs of wireless communications electronics products to select our products from among alternative offerings to be designed into their equipment. Without these “design wins,” we would have difficulty selling our products. If a manufacturer designs another supplier’s product into one of its product platforms, it is more difficult for us to achieve future design wins with that platform because changing suppliers involves significant cost, time, effort and risk on the part of that manufacturer. Also, achieving a design win with a customer does not ensure that we will receive significant revenues from that customer. Even after a design win, the customer is not obligated to purchase our products and can choose at any time to reduce or cease use of our products, for example, if its own products are not commercially successful, or for any other reason. We cannot assure you that we will continue to achieve design wins or to convert design wins into actual sales, and any failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our operating results.
Lengthy product development and sales cycles associated with many of our products may result in significant expenditures before generating any revenues related to those products.
After our product has been developed, tested and manufactured, our customers may need three to six months or longer to integrate, test and evaluate our product and an additional three to six months or more to begin volume production of equipment that incorporates the product. This lengthy cycle time increases the possibility that a customer may decide to cancel or change product plans, which could reduce or eliminate our sales to that customer. As a result of this lengthy sales cycle, we may incur significant research and development expenses, and selling, general and administrative expenses, before we generate the related revenues for these products. Furthermore, we may never generate the anticipated revenues from a product after incurring such expenses if our customer cancels or changes its product plans.
Uncertainties involving the ordering and shipment of our products could adversely affect our business.
Our sales are typically made pursuant to individual purchase orders and not under long-term supply arrangements with our customers. Our customers may cancel orders before shipment. Additionally, we sell a portion of our products through distributors, some of whom have rights to return unsold products. We may purchase and manufacture inventory based on estimates of customer demand for our products, which is difficult to predict. This difficulty may be compounded when we sell to OEMs indirectly through distributors or contract manufacturers, or both, as our forecasts of demand will then be based on estimates provided by multiple parties. In addition, our customers may change their inventory practices on short notice for any reason. The cancellation or deferral of product orders, the return of previously sold products, or overproduction due to a change in anticipated order volumes could result in us holding excess or obsolete inventory, which could result in inventory write-downs and, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Our reliance on a small number of customers for a large portion of our sales could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.
Significant portions of our sales are concentrated among a limited number of customers. If we lost one or more of these major customers, or if one or more major customers significantly decreased its orders of our products, our business would be materially and adversely affected. Sales to our three largest customers, including sales to their manufacturing subcontractors, represented approximately 46.2% and 49.6% of our net revenue for the three and six months ended March 31, 2006, respectively. We expect that our largest customers will continue to account for a substantial portion of our net revenue in fiscal 2006 and for the foreseeable future.
Average product life cycles in the semiconductor industry tend to be very short.
In the semiconductor industry, product life cycles tend to be short relative to the sales and development cycles. Therefore, the resources devoted to product sales and marketing may not result in material revenue, and from time to time we may need to write off excess or obsolete inventory. If we were to incur significant marketing expenses and investments in inventory that we are not able to recover, and we are not able to compensate for those expenses, our operating results would be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we sell our products at reduced prices in anticipation of cost reductions but still hold higher cost products in inventory, our operating results would be harmed.
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Our leverage and our debt service obligations may adversely affect our cash flow.
On March 31, 2006, we had total indebtedness of approximately $229.0 million, which represented approximately 23.2% of our total capitalization.
As long as our 4.75 percent convertible subordinated notes due November 2007 remain outstanding, we will have debt service obligations on such notes of approximately $8,518,412 per year in interest payments. If we issue other debt securities in the future, our debt service obligations will increase. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash to meet these obligations and must instead use our existing cash or investments, we may have to reduce or curtail other activities of our business.
We intend to fulfill our debt service obligations from cash expected to be generated by our operations, and from our existing cash and investments. If necessary, among other alternatives, we may add lease lines of credit to finance capital expenditures and we may obtain other long-term debt, lines of credit and other financing.
Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences, including:
| • | | increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions, |
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| • | | limiting our ability to obtain additional financing, |
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| • | | requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of any cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness, thereby reducing the amount of cash flow available for other purposes, including capital expenditures, |
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| • | | limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we compete, and |
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| • | | placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage to less leveraged competitors and competitors that have better access to capital resources. |
Despite our current debt levels, we are able to incur substantially more debt, which would increase the risks described above.
We face a risk that capital needed for our business will not be available when we need it.
We may need to obtain sources of financing in the future. We expect our existing sources of liquidity, together with cash expected to be generated from operations, will be sufficient to fund our research and development, capital expenditures, debt obligations, purchase obligations, working capital and other cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, we cannot assure you that the capital required to fund these expenses will be available in the future. To the extent that existing cash and securities and cash from operations are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing. Conditions existing in the U.S. capital markets, if and when we seek additional financing as well as the then current condition of the Company, will affect our ability to raise capital, as well as the terms of any such financing. We may not be able to raise enough capital to meet our capital needs on a timely basis or at all. Failure to obtain capital when required would have a material adverse effect on us.
In addition, any strategic investments and acquisitions that we may make to help us grow our business may require additional capital resources. We cannot assure you that the capital required to fund these investments and acquisitions will be available in the future.
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Remaining competitive in the semiconductor industry requires transitioning to smaller geometry process technologies and achieving higher levels of design integration.
In order to remain competitive, we expect to continue to transition our semiconductor products to increasingly smaller line width geometries. This transition requires us to modify the manufacturing processes for our products, design new products to more stringent standards, and to redesign some existing products. In the past, we have experienced some difficulties migrating to smaller geometry process technologies or new manufacturing processes, which resulted in sub-optimal manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses. We may face similar difficulties, delays and expenses as we continue to transition our products to smaller geometry processes in the future. In some instances, we depend on our relationships with our foundries to transition to smaller geometry processes successfully. We cannot assure you that our foundries will be able to effectively manage the transition or that we will be able to maintain our foundry relationships. If our foundries or we experience significant delays in this transition or fail to efficiently implement this transition, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. As smaller geometry processes become more prevalent, we expect to continue to integrate greater levels of functionality, as well as customer and third party intellectual property, into our products. However, we may not be able to achieve higher levels of design integration or deliver new integrated products on a timely basis, or at all.
We are subject to the risks of doing business internationally.
A substantial majority of our net revenues are derived from customers located outside the United States, primarily countries located in the Asia-Pacific region and Europe. In addition, we have design centers and suppliers located outside the United States, and third-party packaging, assembly and test facilities and foundries located in the Asia-Pacific region. Finally, we have our own packaging, assembly and test facility in Mexicali, Mexico. Our international sales and operations are subject to a number of risks inherent in selling and operating abroad. These include, but are not limited to, risks regarding:
| • | | currency exchange rate fluctuations, |
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| • | | local economic and political conditions, including social, economic and political instability, |
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| • | | disruptions of capital and trading markets, |
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| • | | restrictive governmental actions (such as restrictions on transfer of funds and trade protection measures, including export duties, quotas, customs duties, import or export controls and tariffs), |
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| • | | changes in legal or regulatory requirements, |
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| • | | natural disasters, acts of terrorism, widespread illness and war, |
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| • | | limitations on the repatriation of funds, |
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| • | | difficulty in obtaining distribution and support, |
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| • | | cultural differences in the conduct of business, |
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| • | | the laws and policies of the United States and other countries affecting trade, foreign investment and loans, and import or export licensing requirements, |
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| • | | tax laws, |
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| • | | the possibility of being exposed to legal proceedings in a foreign jurisdiction, and |
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| • | | limitations on our ability under local laws to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights in a particular foreign jurisdiction. |
Additionally, we are subject to risks in certain global markets in which wireless operators provide subsidies on handset sales to their customers. Increases in handset prices that negatively impact handset sales can result from changes in regulatory policies or other factors, which could impact the demand for our products. Limitations or
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changes in policy on phone subsidies in South Korea, Japan, China and other countries may have additional negative impacts on our revenues.
Our operating results may be adversely affected by substantial quarterly and annual fluctuations and market downturns.
Our revenues, earnings and other operating results have fluctuated in the past and our revenues, earnings and other operating results may fluctuate in the future. These fluctuations are due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control.
These factors include, among others:
| • | | changes in end-user demand for the products (principally digital cellular handsets) manufactured and sold by our customers, |
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| • | | the effects of competitive pricing pressures, including decreases in average selling prices of our products, |
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| • | | production capacity levels and fluctuations in manufacturing yields, |
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| • | | availability and cost of products from our suppliers, |
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| • | | the gain or loss of significant customers, |
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| • | | our ability to develop, introduce and market new products and technologies on a timely basis, |
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| • | | new product and technology introductions by competitors, |
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| • | | changes in the mix of products produced and sold, |
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| • | | market acceptance of our products and our customers, and |
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| • | | intellectual property disputes. |
The foregoing factors are difficult to forecast, and these, as well as other factors, could materially and adversely affect our quarterly or annual operating results. If our operating results fail to meet the expectations of analysts or investors, it could materially and adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Global economic conditions that impact the wireless communications industry could negatively affect our revenues and operating results.
Global economic weakness can have wide-ranging effects on markets that we serve, particularly wireless communications equipment manufacturers and network operators. Although the wireless communications industry has recovered somewhat from an industry-wide recession, such recovery may not continue. In addition, we cannot predict what effects negative events, such as war or other international conflicts, may have on the economy or the wireless communications industry. The continued threat of terrorism and heightened security and military action in response to this threat, or any future acts of terrorism, may cause further disruptions to the global economy and to the wireless communications industry and create further uncertainties. Further, a continued economic recovery may not benefit us in the near term. If it does not, our ability to increase or maintain our revenues and operating results may be impaired.
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Our gallium arsenide semiconductors may cease to be competitive with silicon alternatives.
Among our product portfolio, we manufacture and sell gallium arsenide semiconductor devices and components, principally power amplifiers and switches. The production of gallium arsenide integrated circuits is more costly than the production of silicon circuits. The cost differential is due to higher costs of raw materials for gallium arsenide and higher unit costs associated with smaller sized wafers and lower production volumes. Therefore, to remain competitive, we must offer gallium arsenide products that provide superior performance over their silicon-based counterparts. If we do not continue to offer products that provide sufficiently superior performance to justify the cost differential, our operating results may be materially and adversely affected. We expect the costs of producing gallium arsenide devices will continue to exceed the costs of producing their silicon counterparts. Silicon semiconductor technologies are widely used process technologies for certain integrated circuits and these technologies continue to improve in performance. We cannot assure you that we will continue to identify products and markets that require performance attributes of gallium arsenide solutions.
We may be subject to claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, or demands that we license third-party technology, which could result in significant expense and prevent us from using our technology.
The semiconductor industry is characterized by vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights. From time to time, third parties have asserted and may in the future assert patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to our business and have demanded and may in the future demand that we license their technology or refrain from using it.
Any litigation to determine the validity of claims that our products infringe or may infringe intellectual property rights of another, including claims arising from our contractual indemnification of our customers, regardless of their merit or resolution, could be costly and divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel. Regardless of the merits of any specific claim, we cannot assure you that we would prevail in litigation because of the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in intellectual property litigation. If litigation were to result in an adverse ruling, we could be required to:
| • | | pay substantial damages, |
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| • | | cease the manufacture, import, use, sale or offer for sale of infringing products or processes, |
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| • | | discontinue the use of infringing technology, |
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| • | | expend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology, and |
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| • | | license technology from the third party claiming infringement, which license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. |
We cannot assure you that our operating results or financial condition will not be materially adversely affected if we were required to do any one or more of the foregoing items.
Many of our products incorporate technology licensed or acquired from third parties.
We sell products in markets that are characterized by rapid technological changes; evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions, short product life cycles and increasing levels of integration. Our ability to keep pace with this market depends on our ability to obtain technology from third parties on commercially reasonable terms to allow our products to remain in a competitive posture. If licenses to such technology are not available on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, and we cannot otherwise integrate such technology, our products or our customers’ products could become unmarketable or obsolete, and we could lose market share. In such instances, we could also incur substantial unanticipated costs or scheduling delays to develop substitute technology to deliver competitive products.
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If we are not successful in protecting our intellectual property rights, it may harm our ability to compete.
We rely on patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws, as well as nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements and other methods, to protect our proprietary technologies, information, data, devices, algorithms and processes. In addition, we often incorporate the intellectual property of our customers, suppliers or other third parties into our designs, and we have obligations with respect to the non-use and non-disclosure of such third-party intellectual property. In the future, it may be necessary to engage in litigation or like activities to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights of others, including our customers. This could require us to expend significant resources and to divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel from our business operations. We cannot assure you that:
| • | | the steps we take to prevent misappropriation, infringement, dilution or other violation of our intellectual property or the intellectual property of our customers, suppliers or other third parties will be successful, |
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| • | | any existing or future patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights or ours will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or |
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| • | | any of the measures described above would provide meaningful protection. |
Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our technology without authorization, develop similar technology independently or design around our patents. If any of our intellectual property protection mechanisms fails to protect our technology, it would make it easier for our competitors to offer similar products, potentially resulting in loss of market share and price erosion. Even if we receive a patent, the patent claims may not be broad enough to adequately protect our technology. Furthermore, even if we receive patent protection in the United States, we may not seek, or may not be granted, patent protection in foreign countries. In addition, effective patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited for certain technologies and in certain foreign countries.
There is a growing industry trend to include or adapt “open source” software that is generally made available to the public by its developers, authors or third parties. Often such software includes license provisions, requiring public disclosure of any derivative works containing open source code. There is little legal precedent in the area of open source software or its effects on copyright law or the protection of proprietary works. We take steps to avoid the use of open source works in our proprietary software, and are taking steps to limit our suppliers from doing so. However, in the event a copyright holder were to demonstrate in court that we have not complied with a software license, we may be required to cease production or distribution of that work or to publicly disclose the source code for our proprietary software, which may negatively affect our operations or stock price.
We attempt to control access to and distribution of our proprietary information through operational, technological and legal safeguards. Despite our efforts, parties, including former or current employees, may attempt to copy, disclose or obtain access to our information without our authorization. Furthermore, attempts by computer hackers to gain unauthorized access to our systems or information could result in our proprietary information being compromised or interrupt our operations. While we attempt to prevent such unauthorized access we may be unable to anticipate the methods used, or be unable to prevent the release of our proprietary information.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to effect suitable investments, alliances and acquisitions, and to integrate companies we acquire.
Although we have in the past and intend to continue to invest significant resources in internal research and development activities, the complexity and rapidity of technological changes and the significant expense of internal research and development make it impractical for us to pursue development of all technological solutions on our own. On an ongoing basis, we intend to review investment, alliance and acquisition prospects that would complement our product offerings, augment our market coverage or enhance our technological capabilities. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to identify and consummate suitable investment, alliance or acquisition transactions in the future. Moreover, if we consummate such transactions, they could result in:
| • | | issuances of equity securities dilutive to our stockholders, |
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| • | | large one-time write-offs, |
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| • | | the incurrence of substantial debt and assumption of unknown liabilities, |
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| • | | the potential loss of key employees from the acquired company, |
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| • | | amortization expenses related to intangible assets, and |
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| • | | the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns. |
Moreover, integrating acquired organizations and their products and services may be difficult, expensive, time-consuming and a strain on our resources and our relationship with employees and customers and ultimately may not be successful. Additionally, in periods following an acquisition, we will be required to evaluate goodwill and acquisition-related intangible assets for impairment. When such assets are found to be impaired, they will be written down to estimated fair value, with a charge against earnings. For instance, we recorded a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle in fiscal 2003 in the amount of $397.1 million as a result of the goodwill obtained in connection with the Merger.
Certain provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law may make it difficult for someone to acquire control of us.
We have certain anti-takeover measures that may affect our common stock. Our certificate of incorporation, our by-laws and the Delaware General Corporation Law contain several provisions that would make more difficult an acquisition of control of us in a transaction not approved by our Board of Directors. Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws include provisions such as:
| • | | the division of our Board of Directors into three classes to be elected on a staggered basis, one class each year, |
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| • | | the ability of our Board of Directors to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series without further authorization of stockholders, |
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| • | | a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, |
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| • | | elimination of the right of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders, |
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| • | | a requirement that stockholders provide advance notice of any stockholder nominations of directors or any proposal of new business to be considered at any meeting of stockholders, |
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| • | | a requirement that the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3 percent of our shares be obtained to amend or repeal any provision of our by-laws or the provision of our certificate of incorporation relating to amendments to our by-laws, |
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| • | | a requirement that the affirmative vote of at least 80% of our shares be obtained to amend or repeal the provisions of our certificate of incorporation relating to the election and removal of directors, the classified board or the right to act by written consent, |
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| • | | a requirement that the affirmative vote of at least 80% of our shares be obtained for business combinations unless approved by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors and, in the event that the other party to the business combination is the beneficial owner of 5% or more of our shares, a majority of the members of Board of Directors in office prior to the time such other party became the beneficial owner of 5% or more of our shares, |
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| • | | a fair price provision, and |
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| • | | a requirement that the affirmative vote of at least 90% of our shares be obtained to amend or repeal the fair price provision. |
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In addition to the provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law generally provides that a corporation shall not engage in any business combination with any interested stockholder during the three-year period following the time that such stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless a majority of the directors then in office approves either the business combination or the transaction that results in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder or specified stockholder approval requirements are met.
Increasingly stringent environmental laws, rules and regulations may require us to redesign our existing products and processes, and could adversely affect our ability to cost-effectively produce our products.
The semiconductor and electronics industries have been subject to increasing environmental regulations. A number of domestic and foreign jurisdictions seek to restrict the use of various substances, a number of which have been used in our products or processes. For example, the European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) Directive requires that certain substances be removed from all electronics components by July 1, 2006. Removing such substances requires the expenditure of additional research and development funds to seek alternative substances, as well as increased testing by third parties to ensure the quality of our products and compliance with the RoHS Directive. Alternative substances may not be readily available or commercially feasible, may only be available from a single source, or may be significantly more expensive than their restricted counterparts. While we have implemented a compliance program to ensure our product offering meets these regulations, if we are unable to complete the transition in a timely manner, or ensure consistent quality and product yields with redesigned processes, our operations may be adversely affected.
We may be liable for penalties under environmental laws, rules and regulations, which could adversely impact our business.
We have used, and will continue to use, a variety of chemicals and compounds in manufacturing operations and have been and will continue to be subject to a wide range of environmental protection regulations in the United States and in foreign countries. We cannot assure you that current or future regulation of the materials necessary for our products would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Environmental regulations often require parties to fund remedial action for violations of such regulations regardless of fault. Consequently, it is often difficult to estimate the future impact of environmental matters, including potential liabilities. Furthermore, our customers increasingly require warranties or indemnity relating to compliance with environmental regulations. We cannot assure you that the amount of expense and capital expenditures that might be required to satisfy environmental liabilities, to complete remedial actions and to continue to comply with applicable environmental laws will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our stock price has been volatile and may fluctuate in the future. Accordingly, you might not be able to sell your shares of common stock at or above the price you paid for them.
The trading price of our common stock has and may continue to fluctuate significantly. Such fluctuations may be influenced by many factors, including:
| • | | our performance and prospects, |
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| • | | the performance and prospects of our major customers, |
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| • | | the depth and liquidity of the market for our common stock, |
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| • | | investor perception of us and the industry in which we operate, |
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| • | | changes in earnings estimates or buy/sell recommendations by analysts, |
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| • | | general financial and other market conditions, and |
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| • | | domestic and international economic conditions. |
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Public stock markets have recently experienced extreme price and trading volume volatility, particularly in the technology sectors of the market. This volatility has significantly affected the market prices of securities of many technology companies for reasons frequently unrelated to or disproportionately impacted by the operating performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In addition, fluctuations in our stock price, volume of shares traded, and our price-to-earnings multiple may have made our stock attractive to momentum, hedge or day-trading investors who often shift funds into and out of stocks rapidly, exacerbating price fluctuations in either direction, particularly when viewed on a quarterly basis. Our Company has been, and in the future may be, the subject of commentary by financial news media. Such commentary may contribute to volatility in our stock price. If our operating results do not meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price may decline, possibly substantially over a short period of time. Accordingly, you may not be able to resell your shares of common stock at or above the price you paid.
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ITEM 3. | | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
We have exposure to foreign exchange and interest rate risk. There have been no material changes in market risk exposures from those disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2005.
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ITEM 4. | | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2006. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2006, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
(b) Changes in internal controls.
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2006 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Skyworks’ internal control over financial reporting.
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| | |
PART II | | OTHER INFORMATION |
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ITEM 4. | | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
Our annual meeting of shareholders was held on March 30, 2006 in Burlington, Massachusetts. At the meeting, the following matters were voted on by our shareholders and approved by the following votes:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Shares Voted | | | Shares Voted | | | Votes Withheld/ | |
| | For | | | Against | | | Abstentions | |
Election of directors: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balakrisknan S. Iyer | | | 128,272,561 | | | | — | | | | 20,085,630 | |
Thomas C. Leonard | | | 94,986,490 | | | | — | | | | 47,371,705 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proposal to approve a plan to repurchase certain stock options issued under the Washington Sub, Inc., 2002 Stock Option Plan held by non-employees | | | 68,725,539 | | | | 21,395,311 | | | | 461,068 | |
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Proposal to amend the 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan to increase the aggregate number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan by 10 million shares | | | 63,349,492 | | | | 27,617,253 | | | | 658,474 | |
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Proposal to amend the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan to increase the aggregate number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan by 2 million shares | | | 78,236,929 | | | | 12,819,906 | | | | 525,385 | |
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Proposal to ratify the selection of KPMG LLP as the independent registerd public accounting firm of the Company | | | 138,259,524 | | | | 3,605,240 | | | | 493,429 | |
(a) Exhibits
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Number | | Description |
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31.1* | | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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31.2* | | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.1* | | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.2* | | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date:May 10, 2006
SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC.
Registrant
By: /s/ David J. Aldrich
David J. Aldrich
Chief Executive Officer
President
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EXHIBIT INDEX
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Number | | Description |
|
31.1 | | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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31.2 | | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.1 | | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.2 | | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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