Juniata Valley Financial (JUVF) 10-Q 2021 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                                                   to
Commission File Number                        000-13232
Juniata Valley Financial Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania	23-2235254
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
Bridge and Main Streets, Mifflintown, Pennsylvania	17059
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
(855) 582-5101
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
NONE	N/A	N/A

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒ Yes        ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒ Yes        ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

☐ Yes        ☒ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding as of November 15, 2021
Common Stock ($1.00 par value)	4,988,542 shares

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2021 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2020	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)	8
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	39
Item 3.	Not applicable.
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	54
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	55
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	55
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	55
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	55
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	55
Item 5.	Other Information	55
Item 6.	Exhibits	56
	Signatures	57

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

	(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	11,995	$	11,868
Interest bearing deposits with banks		703		19,753
Federal funds sold		0		10,000
Cash and cash equivalents		12,698		41,621
Interest bearing time deposits with banks		735		735
Equity securities		1,111		1,091
Debt securities available for sale		358,309		286,415
Restricted investment in bank stock		2,516		3,423
Total loans		411,764		422,661
Less: Allowance for loan losses		(3,725)		(4,094)
Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses		408,039		418,567
Premises and equipment, net		8,423		8,808
Other real estate owned		110		0
Bank owned life insurance and annuities		16,790		16,568
Investment in low income housing partnerships		2,505		3,105
Core deposit and other intangible assets		192		241
Goodwill		9,047		9,047
Mortgage servicing rights		128		158
Accrued interest receivable and other assets		6,521		3,939
Total assets	$	827,124	$	793,718
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	181,735	$	168,115
Interest bearing		525,847		454,751
Total deposits		707,582		622,866
Short-term borrowings and repurchase agreements		4,804		24,750
Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") advances		0		27,955
Long-term debt		35,000		35,000
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,538		1,584
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities		5,097		4,966
Total liabilities		754,021		717,121
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, 0 par value: Authorized - 500,000 shares, NaN issued		0		0
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share: Authorized 20,000,000 shares Issued - 5,151,279 shares at September 30, 2021; 5,151,279 shares at December 31, 2020 Outstanding - 5,000,026 shares at September 30, 2021; 5,025,441 shares at December 31, 2020		5,151		5,151
Surplus		24,960		25,011
Retained earnings		47,063		45,096
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(1,455)		3,518
Cost of common stock in Treasury: 151,253 shares at September 30, 2021; 125,838 shares at December 31, 2020		(2,616)		(2,179)
Total stockholders’ equity		73,103		76,597
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	827,124	$	793,718

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

3

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees	$	4,800	$	4,848	$	14,371	$	14,507
Taxable securities		1,350		1,312		3,543		3,742
Tax-exempt securities		36		42		112		105
Other interest income		8		8		19		73
Total interest income		6,194		6,210		18,045		18,427
Interest expense:
Deposits		555		710		1,771		2,270
Short-term borrowings and repurchase agreements		17		26		70		34
FRB advances		0		28		18		35
Long-term debt		216		216		641		729
Other interest bearing liabilities		2		4		5		14
Total interest expense		790		984		2,505		3,082
Net interest income		5,404		5,226		15,540		15,345
Provision for loan losses		(257)		87		(536)		639
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		5,661		5,139		16,076		14,706
Non-interest income:
Customer service fees		348		339		993		1,030
Debit card fee income		423		384		1,287		1,080
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance and annuities		64		74		186		201
Trust fees		111		98		338		302
Commissions from sales of non-deposit products		86		66		271		213
Fees derived from loan activity		137		94		333		184
Mortgage banking income		8		11		26		41
Gain on sales and calls of securities		0		283		58		845
Change in value of equity securities		38		2		139		(152)
Other non-interest income		91		99		249		257
Total non-interest income		1,306		1,450		3,880		4,001
Non-interest expense:
Employee compensation expense		2,145		2,164		6,176		5,970
Employee benefits		563		625		1,722		1,747
Occupancy		293		284		935		869
Equipment		184		241		565		706
Data processing expense		709		600		1,965		1,664
Professional fees		226		198		609		562
Taxes, other than income		71		116		314		378
FDIC Insurance premiums		80		39		231		118
Gain on other real estate owned		0		0		(49)		0
Amortization of intangible assets		16		19		49		57
Amortization of investment in low-income housing partnerships		200		200		600		600
Long-term debt prepayment penalty		0		0		0		524
Other non-interest expense		441		439		1,266		1,307
Total non-interest expense		4,928		4,925		14,383		14,502
Income before income taxes		2,039		1,664		5,573		4,205
Income tax provision (benefit)		142		58		302		(44)
Net income	$	1,897	$	1,606	$	5,271	$	4,249
Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.38	$	0.32	$	1.05	$	0.83
Diluted	$	0.38	$	0.32	$	1.05	$	0.83

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

4

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021						2020
	Before Tax		Tax		Net of Tax		Before Tax		Tax		Net of Tax
	Amount		Effect		Amount		Amount		Effect		Amount
Net income	$	2,039	$	(142)	$	1,897	$	1,664	$	(58)	$	1,606
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Available for sale securities:
Unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during the period		(1,929)		404		(1,525)		614		(128)		486
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (1) (3)		0		0		0		(283)		59		(224)
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedge		38		(8)		30		10		(2)		8
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income (2) (3)		17		(3)		14		1		0		1
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(1,874)		393		(1,481)		342		(71)		271
Total comprehensive income	$	165	$	251	$	416	$	2,006	$	(129)	$	1,877

(Dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021						2020
	Pre-Tax		Tax		Net-of-Tax		Pre-Tax		Tax		Net-of-Tax
	Amount		Effect		Amount		Amount		Effect		Amount
Net income	$	5,573	$	(302)	$	5,271	$	4,205	$	44	$	4,249
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Available for sale securities:
Unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during the period		(6,728)		1,412		(5,316)		5,231		(1,098)		4,133
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (1) (3)		(58)		12		(46)		(845)		177		(668)
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedge		449		(94)		355		(174)		37		(137)
Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income (2) (3)		43		(9)		34		(21)		4		(17)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(6,294)		1,321		(4,973)		4,191		(880)		3,311
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(721)	$	1,019	$	298	$	8,396	$	(836)	$	7,560

(1) Amounts are included in (loss) gain on sales and calls of securities on the Consolidated Statements of Income as a separate element within total non-interest income.

(2) Amounts are included in interest expense on short-term borrowings and repurchase agreements on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

(3) Income tax amounts are included in the provision for income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

5

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30, 2021
								Accumulated
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	Number							Other				Total
	of Shares	Common				Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury		Stockholders’
	Outstanding	Stock		Surplus		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stock		Equity
Balance, July 1, 2021	5,000,026	$	5,151	$	24,922	$	46,266	$	26	$	(2,616)	$	73,749
Net income							1,897						1,897
Other comprehensive loss									(1,481)				(1,481)
Cash dividends at $0.22 per share							(1,100)						(1,100)
Stock-based compensation					38								38
Balance, September 30, 2021	5,000,026	$	5,151	$	24,960	$	47,063	$	(1,455)	$	(2,616)	$	73,103

	Nine months ended September 30, 2021
								Accumulated
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	Number							Other				Total
	of Shares	Common				Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury		Stockholders’
	Outstanding	Stock		Surplus		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stock		Equity
Balance, January 1, 2021	5,025,441	$	5,151	$	25,011	$	45,096	$	3,518	$	(2,179)	$	76,597
Net income							5,271						5,271
Other comprehensive loss									(4,973)				(4,973)
Cash dividends at $0.66 per share							(3,304)						(3,304)
Stock-based compensation					110								110
Purchase of treasury stock	(39,198)										(675)		(675)
Treasury stock issued for stock plans	13,783				(161)						238		77
Balance, September 30, 2021	5,000,026	$	5,151	$	24,960	$	47,063	$	(1,455)	$	(2,616)	$	73,103

6

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30, 2020
								Accumulated
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	Number					Retained		Other				Total
	of Shares	Common				Earnings		Comprehensive		Treasury		Stockholders’
	Outstanding	Stock		Surplus		(adjusted)		Income		Stock		Equity
Balance, July 1, 2020	5,086,718	$	5,151	$	24,946	$	44,355	$	3,556	$	(1,106)	$	76,902
Net income							1,606						1,606
Other comprehensive income									271				271
Cash dividends at $0.22 per share							(1,116)						(1,116)
Stock-based compensation					31								31
Purchase of treasury stock	(56,877)										(993)		(993)
Balance, September 30, 2020	5,029,841	$	5,151	$	24,977	$	44,845	$	3,827	$	(2,099)	$	76,701

	Nine months ended September 30, 2020
								Accumulated
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	Number							Other				Total
	of Shares	Common				Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury		Stockholders’
	Outstanding	Stock		Surplus		Earnings		Income		Stock		Equity
Balance, January 1, 2020	5,099,729	$	5,142	$	24,898	$	43,954	$	516	$	(803)	$	73,707
Net income							4,249						4,249
Other comprehensive income									3,311				3,311
Cash dividends at $0.66 per share							(3,358)						(3,358)
Stock-based compensation					94								94
Purchase of treasury stock	(83,877)										(1,372)		(1,372)
Treasury stock issued for stock plans	4,459				(6)						76		70
Common stock issued for stock plans	9,530		9		(9)								—
Balance, September 30, 2020	5,029,841	$	5,151	$	24,977	$	44,845	$	3,827	$	(2,099)	$	76,701

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

7

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Operating activities:
Net income	$	5,271	$	4,249
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for loan losses		(536)		639
Depreciation		548		609
Net amortization of securities premiums		972		973
Net amortization of loan origination fees		454		163
Deferred net loan origination costs		(474)		(496)
Amortization of intangibles		49		57
Amortization of investment in low income housing partnerships		600		600
Net amortization of purchase fair value adjustments		(123)		(80)
Net realized gain on sales and calls of available for sale securities		(58)		(845)
Change in value of equity securities		(139)		152
Net gain on other real estate owned		(49)		0
Earnings on bank owned life insurance and annuities		(186)		(201)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense		(206)		242
Stock-based compensation expense		110		94
Proceeds from mortgage loans sold to others		56		57
Mortgage banking income		(26)		(41)
Increase in accrued interest receivable and other assets		(563)		(3,110)
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable and other liabilities		85		(21)
Net cash provided by operating activities		5,785		3,041
Investing activities:
Purchases of:
Securities available for sale		(173,765)		(201,217)
FHLB stock		0		(7)
Premises and equipment		(164)		(247)
Bank owned life insurance and annuities		(36)		(36)
Proceeds from:
Redemption of equity securities		119		0
Sales of debt securities available for sale		32,856		48,565
Maturities of and principal repayments on securities available for sale		61,315		70,748
Redemption of FHLB stock		907		0
Sale of other assets		1		0
Net decrease in interest bearing time deposits with banks		0		1,475
Net decrease (increase) in loans		11,150		(19,453)
Net cash used in investing activities		(67,617)		(100,172)
Financing activities:
Net increase in deposits		84,712		68,586
Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		(19,946)		11,446
Issuance of FRB advances		0		31,298
Repayment of FRB advances		(27,955)		0
Repayment of long-term debt		0		(10,000)
Cash dividends		(3,304)		(3,358)
Purchase of treasury stock		(675)		(1,372)
Treasury stock issued for employee stock plans		77		70
Net cash provided by financing activities		32,909		96,670
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(28,923)		(461)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		41,621		12,740
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	12,698	$	12,279
Supplemental information:
Income tax paid	$	179	$	225
Interest paid		2,640		3,120
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned	$	61	$	0
Transfer of loans to repossessed vehicles		1		29

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

8

JUNIATA VALLEY FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. (the “Company” or “Juniata”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Juniata Valley Bank (the “Bank” or “JVB”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the financial statements. Additionally, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact significant estimates and the assumptions underlying those estimates. Estimates that are particularly susceptible to material change include the determination of the allowance for loan losses, and possible impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets. 

In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Juniata Valley Financial Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The Company has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the consolidated statement of financial condition date of September 30, 2021 for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued.

2. RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES

ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

Issued: June 2016

Summary: ASU 2016-13 requires credit losses on most financial assets to be measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model). Under this model, entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications unless reasonable expectation of a troubled debt restructuring exists) from the date of initial recognition of that instrument.

The ASU also replaces the current accounting model for purchased credit impaired loans and debt securities. The allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (“PCD assets”), should be determined in a similar manner to other financial assets measured on an amortized cost basis. However, upon initial recognition, the allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price (“gross up approach”) to determine the initial amortized cost basis. The subsequent accounting for PCD financial assets is the same expected loss model described above.

Further, the ASU made certain targeted amendments to the existing impairment model for available for sale debt securities. For an available for sale debt security for which there is neither the intent nor a more-likely-than-not requirement to sell, an entity will record credit losses as an allowance rather than a write-down of the amortized cost basis.

9

Effective Date: On October 16, 2019, the FASB voted and approved a delay of the effective date of this ASU for smaller reporting companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Since the Company is a smaller reporting company, the delay of the effective date of ASU 2016-13 approved by the FASB applies to the Company. In preparation, the Company has taken steps to prepare for the implementation when it becomes effective by forming a CECL transition team, gathering pertinent data, assessing the sufficiency of data currently available through its core database, participating in training courses, and partnering with a software provider that specializes in ALLL analysis. The Company’s CECL transition team is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the amended guidance on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. The team expects the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) to increase upon adoption because it will be required to cover the full remaining expected life of the portfolio, rather than the incurred loss under current U.S. GAAP. The extent of this increase is being evaluated and will depend on economic conditions and the composition of the Company’s loan portfolio at the time of adoption.

3. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, consisted of the following:

(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2021	Gains and (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities		Total
Beginning balance, December 31, 2020	$	(45)	$	3,563	$	3,518
Current period other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		355		(5,316)		(4,961)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		34		(46)		(12)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		389		(5,362)		(4,973)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	344	$	(1,799)	$	(1,455)

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020	Gains and (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities		Total
Beginning balance, December 31, 2019	$	0	$	516	$	516
Current period other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		(38)		3,727		3,689
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		(7)		(675)		(682)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(45)		3,052		3,007
Reclassification for ASU 2018-02		0		(5)		(5)
Ending balance, December 31, 2020	$	(45)	$	3,563	$	3,518

4. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilutive effect on EPS that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock, increasing the total number of shares outstanding. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely to outstanding stock options and are determined using the treasury stock method.

10

The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

(Amounts in thousands, except earnings per share data)	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Net income	$	1,897	$	1,606
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		5,000		5,074
Basic earnings per share	$	0.38	$	0.32
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		5,000		5,074
Common stock equivalents due to effect of stock options		11		7
Total weighted-average common shares and equivalents		5,011		5,081
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.38	$	0.32

(Amounts in thousands, except earnings per share data)	Nine months ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Net income	$	5,271	$	4,249
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		5,008		5,089
Basic earnings per share	$	1.05	$	0.83
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		5,008		5,089
Common stock equivalents due to effect of stock options		9		6
Total weighted-average common shares and equivalents		5,017		5,095
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.05	$	0.83

5. SECURITIES

Equity Securities

Equity securities owned by the Company consist of common stock of various financial services providers. ASC Topic 321, Investments – Equity Securities requires all equity securities within its scope to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had $1,111,000 in equity securities recorded at fair value, and $1,091,000 in equity securities were recorded at fair value at December 31, 2020. The Company recorded net gains of $38,000 and $139,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and a net gain of $2,000 and net loss of $152,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, due to changes in the fair value of the Company’s portfolio of equity securities during the applicable periods.

Debt Securities Available for Sale

Debt securities classified as available for sale, which include marketable investment securities, are within the scope of ASC Topic 320, Investments – Debt Securities. Topic 320 requires all debt securities within its scope to be stated at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Securities classified as available for sale are those securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as available for sale would be based on various factors, including significant movement in interest rates, changes in maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations and other similar factors. Interest and dividends are recognized as income when earned. Premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Gains or losses on the disposition of securities available for sale are based on the net proceeds and the adjusted carrying amount of the securities sold, determined on a specific identification basis.

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The Company’s available for sale investment portfolio includes primarily bonds issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises (approximately 11% of the investment portfolio), mortgage-backed securities issued by Government-sponsored entities and backed by residential mortgages (approximately 76%), corporate debt securities (approximately 10%) and municipal bonds (approximately 3%) as of September 30, 2021. Most of the municipal bonds are general obligation bonds with maturities or pre-refunding dates within 5 years.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are shown in the tables below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the securities may be called or prepaid with or without prepayment penalties.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021
					Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Fair		Unrealized		Unrealized
Debt Securities Available for Sale	Cost		Value		Gains		Losses
Type and Maturity
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises
After five years but within ten years	$	41,866	$	40,972	$	0	$	(894)
		41,866		40,972		0		(894)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
Within one year		30		30		0		0
After one year but within five years		4,539		4,686		147		0
After five years but within ten years		1,240		1,224		0		(16)
After ten years		4,119		4,032		0		(87)
		9,928		9,972		147		(103)
Corporate debt securities
After one year but within five years		2,000		1,994		0		(6)
After five years but within ten years		27,434		28,249		912		(97)
After ten years		5,000		5,006		6		0
		34,434		35,249		918		(103)
Mortgage-backed securities		274,359		272,116		1,490		(3,733)
Total	$	360,587	$	358,309	$	2,555	$	(4,833)

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(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
					Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Fair		Unrealized		Unrealized
Debt Securities Available for Sale	Cost		Value		Gains		Losses
Type and Maturity
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises
After five years but within ten years	$	22,994	$	22,949	$	7	$	(52)
		22,994		22,949		7		(52)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
Within one year		31		31		0		0
After one year but within five years		4,708		4,767		59		0
After five years but within ten years		3,289		3,484		195		0
		8,028		8,282		254		0
Corporate debt securities
Within one year		1,033		1,039		6		0
After five years but within ten years		10,058		10,484		485		(59)
		11,091		11,523		491		(59)
Mortgage-backed securities		239,793		243,661		3,999		(131)
Total	$	281,906	$	286,415	$	4,751	$	(242)

Certain obligations of the U.S. Government and state and political subdivisions are pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. The carrying value of the pledged assets was $88,705,000 and $74,614,000 on September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

In addition to cash received from the scheduled maturities of investment securities, some securities available for sale are sold or called at current market values during normal operations.

The following table summarizes proceeds received from sales or calls of available for sale investment securities transactions and the resulting realized gains and losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020
Gross proceeds from sales and calls of securities	$	32,975	$	48,565
Securities available for sale:
Gross realized gains from sold and called securities	$	130	$	875
Gross realized losses from sold and called securities		(72)		(30)
Net gains from sales and calls of securities	$	58	$	845

Topic 320 clarifies the interaction of the factors that should be considered when determining whether a debt security is other-than-temporarily impaired. Management must assess whether (a) it has the intent to sell the security and (b) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to its anticipated recovery. These steps are taken before an assessment is made as to whether the entity will recover the cost basis of the investment. In instances when a determination is made that an other-than-temporary impairment exists and the entity does not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security prior to its anticipated recovery, the other-than-temporary impairment is separated into the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to a decrease in cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security (the credit loss) and the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income.

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The following tables show gross unrealized losses and fair values of debt securities available for sale, aggregated by category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	Unrealized Losses at September 30, 2021
	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Number					Number					Number
	of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized
	Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	8	$	40,972	$	(894)	0	$	0	$	0	8	$	40,972	$	(894)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	6		5,256		(103)	0		0		0	6		5,256		(103)
Corporate debt securities	5		9,281		(103)	0		0		0	5		9,281		(103)
Mortgage-backed securities	38		204,783		(3,733)	0		0		0	38		204,783		(3,733)
Total temporarily impaired securities	57	$	260,292	$	(4,833)	0	$	0	$	0	57	$	260,292	$	(4,833)

	Unrealized Losses at December 31, 2020
	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Number					Number					Number
	of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized
	Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	3	$	18,948	$	(52)	0	$	0	$	0	3	$	18,948	$	(52)
Corporate debt securities	1		2,972		(59)	0		0		0	1		2,972		(59)
Mortgage-backed securities	7		43,583		(131)	0		0		0	7		43,583		(131)
Total temporarily impaired securities	11	$	65,503	$	(242)	0	$	0	$	0	11	$	65,503	$	(242)

At September 30, 2021, 8 obligations of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises, 6 obligations of state and political subdivisions, 5 corporate debt securities, and NaN mortgage-backed securities had unrealized losses. NaN of these securities have been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more. The mortgage-backed securities in the Company’s portfolio are government sponsored enterprise (“GSE”) pass-through instruments issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), which guarantees the timely payment of principal on these investments.

The unrealized losses noted in the tables above are considered temporary impairments. The decline in the values of the debt securities is due only to interest rate fluctuations, rather than erosion of issuer credit quality. As a result, the payment of contractual cash flows, including principal repayment, is not at risk. Because the Company does not intend to sell the securities, does not believe the Company will be required to sell the securities before recovery and expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis, 0 debt securities were deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired for the periods ended September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

6. LOANS AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans that the Company originated and has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at the outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of any deferred fees or costs and the allowance for loan losses. Loans acquired through a business combination are discussed under the heading “Acquired Loans”. Interest income on all loans, other than nonaccrual loans, is accrued over the term of the loans based on the amount of principal outstanding. Unearned income is amortized to income over the life of the loans, using the interest method.

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The loan portfolio includes the following classes: (1) commercial, financial and agricultural, (2) real estate - commercial, (3) real estate - construction, (4) real estate – mortgage, (5) obligations of states and political subdivisions, and (6) personal loans.

Interest income on consumer, mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued and loans are placed on non-accrual status at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Loans are charged off to the extent principal or interest is deemed uncollectible. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan principal balance is reduced to zero. Under the cash-basis method, interest income is recorded when the payment is received in cash. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, the loan has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period and future payments are reasonably assured.

The Company originates loans in the portfolio with the intent to hold them until maturity. At the time the Company no longer intends to hold loans to maturity based on asset/liability management practices, the Company transfers loans from its portfolio to held for sale at fair value. Any write-down recorded upon transfer is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Any write-downs recorded after the initial transfers are recorded as a charge to other non-interest expense. Gains or losses recognized upon sale are included in gains on sales of loans, which is a component of non-interest income.

Loans Held for Sale

The Company has originated residential mortgage loans with the intent to sell. These individual loans are normally sold to the buyer immediately. The Company maintains servicing rights on these loans.

When mortgage loans are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in gains on sales of loans. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. Under the fair value measurement method, the Company measures servicing rights at fair value at each reporting date and reports changes in fair value of servicing assets in earnings in the period in which the changes occur, which are included with mortgage banking income on the income statement. The fair values of servicing rights are subject to fluctuations because of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.

Servicing fee income, which is reported on the income statement as mortgage banking income, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. Late fees and ancillary fees related to loan servicing are not material.

Commercial, Financial and Agricultural Lending

The Company originates commercial, financial and agricultural loans primarily to businesses located in its primary market area and surrounding areas. These loans are used for various business purposes, which include short-term loans and lines of credit to finance machinery and equipment purchases, inventory and accounts receivable. Generally, the maximum term for loans extended on machinery and equipment is shorter and does not exceed the projected useful life of such machinery and equipment. Most business lines of credit are written with a five year maturity, subject to an annual credit review.

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Commercial loans are generally secured with short-term assets; however, in many cases, additional collateral, such as real estate, is provided as additional security for the loan. Loan-to-value maximum values have been established by the Company and are specific to the type of collateral. Collateral values may be determined using invoices, inventory reports, accounts receivable aging reports, collateral appraisals, and other methods.

In underwriting commercial loans, an analysis of the borrower’s character, capacity to repay the loan, the adequacy of the borrower’s capital and collateral, as well as an evaluation of conditions affecting the borrower, is performed. Evaluation of the borrower’s past, present and future cash flows is also an important aspect of the Company’s analysis.

Concentration analysis assists in identifying industry specific risk inherent in commercial, financial and agricultural lending. Mitigants include the identification of secondary and tertiary sources of repayment and appropriate increases in oversight.

Commercial, financial and agricultural loans generally present a higher level of risk than certain other types of loans, particularly during slow economic conditions.

Real Estate - Commercial Lending

The Company engages in real estate - commercial lending in its primary market area and surrounding areas. The Company’s real estate - commercial portfolio is secured primarily by residential housing, commercial buildings, raw land and hotels. Generally, real estate - commercial loans have terms that do not exceed 20 years, have loan-to-value ratios of up to 80% of the appraised value of the property and are typically secured by personal guarantees of the borrowers.

As economic conditions deteriorate, the Company reduces its exposure in real estate loans with higher risk characteristics. In underwriting these loans, the Company performs a thorough analysis of the financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s credit history, and the reliability and predictability of the cash flow generated by the property securing the loan. Appraisals on properties securing commercial real estate loans originated by the Company are performed by independent appraisers.

Real estate - commercial loans generally present a higher level of risk than certain other types of loans, particularly during slow economic conditions.

Real Estate - Construction Lending

The Company engages in real estate - construction lending in its primary market area and surrounding areas. The Company’s real estate - construction lending consists of commercial and residential site development loans, as well as commercial building construction and residential housing construction loans.

The Company’s commercial real estate - construction loans are generally secured with the subject property, and advances are made in conformity with a pre-determined draw schedule supported by independent inspections. Terms of construction loans depend on the specifics of the project, such as estimated absorption rates, estimated time to complete, etc.

In underwriting commercial real estate - construction loans, the Company performs a thorough analysis of the financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s credit history and the reliability and predictability of the cash flow generated by the project using feasibility studies, market data, and other resources. Appraisals on properties securing real estate - commercial loans originated by the Company are performed by independent appraisers.

Real estate - construction loans generally present a higher level of risk than certain other types of loans, particularly during slow economic conditions. The difficulty of estimating total construction costs adds to the risk as well.

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Real Estate - Mortgage Lending

The Company’s real estate - mortgage portfolio is comprised of one-to-four family residential mortgages and business loans secured by one-to-four family properties. One-to-four family residential mortgage loan originations, including home equity installment and home equity lines of credit loans, are generated by the Company’s marketing efforts, its present customers, walk-in customers and referrals. These loans originate primarily within the Company’s market area or with customers primarily from the market area.

The Company offers fixed-rate and adjustable rate real estate - mortgage loans with a term up to a maximum of 25-years for both permanent structures and those under construction. The Company’s one-to-four family residential mortgage originations are secured primarily by properties located in its primary market area and surrounding areas. Most of the Company’s residential real estate - mortgage loans originate with a loan-to-value of 80% or less. Home equity installment loans are secured by the borrower’s primary residence with a maximum loan-to-value of 80% and a maximum term of 15 years. Home equity lines of credit are secured by the borrower’s primary residence with a maximum loan-to-value of 90% and a maximum term of 20 years.

In underwriting one-to-four family residential real estate loans, the Company evaluates the borrower’s ability to make monthly payments, the borrower’s repayment history and the value of the property securing the loan. The ability to repay is determined by the borrower’s employment history, current financial conditions, and credit background. The analysis is based primarily on the customer’s ability to repay and secondarily on the collateral or security. Most properties securing real estate loans made by the Company are appraised by independent fee appraisers. The Company generally requires mortgage loan borrowers to obtain an attorney’s title opinion or title insurance, and fire and property insurance (including flood insurance, if necessary) in an amount not less than the amount of the loan. The Company does not engage in sub-prime residential mortgage originations.

Residential mortgage loans and home equity loans generally present a lower level of risk than certain other types of consumer loans because they are secured by the borrower’s primary residence. Risk is increased when the Company is in a subordinate position for the loan collateral.

Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions

The Company lends to local municipalities and other tax-exempt organizations. These loans are primarily tax-anticipation notes and, as such, carry little risk. Historically, the Company has never had a loss on any loan of this type.

Personal Lending

The Company offers a variety of secured and unsecured personal loans, including vehicle loans, mobile home loans and loans secured by savings deposits as well as other types of personal loans.

Personal loan terms vary according to the type and value of collateral and creditworthiness of the borrower. In underwriting personal loans, a thorough analysis of the borrower’s willingness and financial ability to repay the loan as agreed is performed. The ability to repay is determined by the borrower’s employment history, current financial conditions and credit background.

Personal loans may entail greater credit risk than do residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of personal loans which are unsecured or are secured by rapidly depreciable assets, such as automobiles or recreational equipment. In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted personal loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. In addition, personal loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans.

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Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The allowance for loan losses (“allowance”) represents management’s estimate of probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio as of the consolidated statement of financial condition date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments represents management’s estimate of probable incurred losses in its unfunded lending commitments and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial condition, when necessary. The amount of the reserve for unfunded lending commitments is not material to the consolidated financial statements. The allowance for loan losses is increased by the provision for loan losses, and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries and loan loss provision credits. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for loan losses, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

For financial reporting purposes, the provision for loan losses charged to current operating income is based on management’s estimates, and actual losses may vary from estimates. These estimates are reviewed and adjusted at least quarterly and are reported in earnings in the periods in which they become known.

Loans included in any class are considered for charge-off when:

● principal or interest has been in default for 120 days or more and for which no payment has been received during the previous four months;

● all collateral securing the loan has been liquidated and a deficiency balance remains;

● a bankruptcy notice is received for an unsecured loan;

● a confirming loss event has occurred; or

● the loan is deemed to be uncollectible for any other reason.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and classified as impaired.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) enacted on March 27, 2020 permits financial institutions to exclude loan modifications to borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic from TDR treatment if (1) the borrower was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and (2) the loan modification is made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the end of the coronavirus emergency declaration following the passing of the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act (“CAA”) on December 27, 2020. A loan modification accounted for in accordance with the CARES Act is not treated as a TDR for accounting or disclosure purposes.  

Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all the circumstances surrounding the loans and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis by the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.

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Impairment for substantially all the Company’s impaired loans is measured based on the estimated fair value of the loan’s collateral. For real estate - commercial loans, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third-party appraisals. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the current appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraised values may be discounted to arrive at the estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The discounts also include the estimated costs to sell the property. For commercial, financial and agricultural, and obligations of states and political subdivision loans, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower’s financial statements, inventory reports, aging accounts receivable, equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets. For such loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The Company generally does not separately identify individual consumer segment loans for impairment analysis unless such loans are subject to a restructuring agreement.

Troubled debt restructurings are individually evaluated for impairment and included in the separately identified impairment disclosures. Loans whose terms are modified are classified as troubled debt restructurings if the Company grants borrowers’ concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuring generally involve a below-market interest rate based on the loan’s risk characteristics, an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date or a significant delay in payment. Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings are restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for a sustained period after modification. For TDRs that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of the allowance on that loan in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses on loans individually identified as impaired. The Company incorporates recent historical experience related to TDRs, including the performance of TDRs that subsequently default, into the calculation of the allowance by loan portfolio class.

Juniata experienced favorable asset quality trends and net recoveries of previously charged-off loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Only 2 loans in the aggregate amount of $72,000, placed on deferral due to the pandemic remained in deferment as of September 30, 2021. All other loans previously placed in deferment have resumed contractual debt service as of September 30, 2021.

Acquired Loans

Loans that Juniata acquires through business combinations are recorded at fair value with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. Some of these loans have shown evidence of credit deterioration since origination. These purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans are recorded at the amount paid, such that there is no carryover of the seller’s allowance for loan losses. After acquisition, losses are recognized by an increase in the allowance for loan losses.

Such purchased credit impaired loans are accounted for individually or aggregated into pools of loans based on common risk characteristics, such as credit score, loan type, and date of origination. Juniata estimates the amount and timing of expected cash flows for each loan or pool, and the expected cash flows in excess of amount paid is recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool (accretable yield). The excess of the loan’s or pool’s contractual principal and interest over expected cash flows is not recorded (nonaccretable difference).

Over the life of the loan or pool, expected cash flows continue to be estimated. If the present value of expected cash flows is less than the carrying amount, a loss is recorded as a provision for loan losses. If the present value of expected cash flows is greater than the carrying amount, it is recognized as part of future interest income.

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PCI loans that met the criteria for impairment or non-accrual of interest prior to the acquisition may be considered performing upon acquisition, regardless of whether the customer is contractually delinquent, if Juniata expects to fully collect the new carrying value (i.e., fair value) of the loans. As such, Juniata may no longer consider the loan to be non-accrual or nonperforming and may accrue interest on these loans, including the impact of any accretable discount. In addition, charge-offs on such loans would be first applied to the nonaccretable difference portion of the fair value adjustment.

Loans acquired through business combinations that do not meet the specific criteria of ASC 310-30, but for which a discount is attributable at least in part to credit quality, are also accounted for in accordance with this guidance. As a result, related discounts are recognized subsequently through accretion based on the contractual cash flows of the acquired loans.

Paycheck Protection Program Loans

The CARES Act established the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) which is administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). The PPP was intended to provide economic relief to small businesses nationwide adversely impacted under the COVID-19 Emergency Declaration issued on March 13, 2020. The PPP, which began on April 3, 2020, provided small businesses with funds to cover up to eight weeks of payroll costs, including benefits. It also provided for forgiveness of the loans in an amount up to the full principal amount of qualifying loans.

On June 5, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 (“PPP Flexibility Act”) extended the covered period for loan forgiveness from eight weeks after the date of loan disbursement to 24 weeks. The 24 week period applied to all borrowers, but borrowers that received an SBA loan number before June 5, 2020, had the option to use an eight week period. The PPP Flexibility Act also amended the requirements regarding forgiveness of PPP loans, reducing the portion of PPP loan proceeds that must be used for payroll costs for the full amount of the PPP loan to be eligible for forgiveness from 75% to 60%. Additionally, the PPP Flexibility Act extended the maturity date for PPP loans made on, or after June 5, 2020 from two years to five years; however, lenders and borrowers could mutually agree to modify PPP loans made before such date to reflect the longer maturity.

The SBA began approving PPP forgiveness applications and remitting forgiveness payments to PPP lenders for PPP borrowers on October 2, 2020. On October 8, 2020, the SBA, in consultation with the U.S. Treasury Department, released a simpler loan forgiveness application for PPP loans of $50,000 or less to streamline the PPP forgiveness process to provide financial and administrative relief to American’s smallest businesses and eased the burden on PPP lenders, allowing them to process forgiveness applications more swiftly.

The CAA provided several amendments to the PPP, including additional funding for first and second draws of PPP loans up to March 31, 2021. On March 30, 2021, the PPP Extension Act of 2021 was signed into law, extending the program to May 31, 2021.  

The Company participated in the PPP and funded 508 first round PPP loans totaling $32,064,000 in 2020 and funded 362 second round PPP loans totaling $18,931,000 in 2021. As of September 30, 2021, 6 first round PPP loans, totaling $233,000, remained outstanding and 303 second round PPP loans, totaling $14,690,000, remained outstanding. All remaining PPP loans were forgiven. PPP loans are included in the commercial, financial and agricultural loan class.

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Loan Portfolio Classification

The following table presents the loan portfolio by class at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	59,847	$	73,057
Real estate - commercial		155,198		122,698
Real estate - construction		40,612		61,051
Real estate - mortgage		132,665		141,438
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		18,728		18,550
Personal		4,714		5,867
Total	$	411,764	$	422,661

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)							Obligations
	Commercial,						of states
	financial and		Real estate-		Real estate-		and political		Real estate-
	agricultural		commercial		construction		subdivisions		mortgage		Personal		Total
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2021
Balance, beginning of period	$	289	$	1,435	$	924	$	33	$	1,164	$	61	$	3,906
Provision for loan losses		(9)		(104)		(81)		(5)		(54)		(4)		(257)
Charge-offs		0		0		0		0		0		(2)		(2)
Recoveries		0		36		27		0		12		3		78
Balance, end of period	$	280	$	1,367	$	870	$	28	$	1,122	$	58	$	3,725
September 30, 2020
Balance, beginning of period	$	311	$	878	$	1,137	$	22	$	1,149	$	61	$	3,558
Provision for loan losses		(40)		(10)		145		(1)		(12)		5		87
Charge-offs		0		0		0		0		(3)		(10)		(13)
Recoveries		0		0		267		0		24		1		292
Balance, end of period	$	271	$	868	$	1,549	$	21	$	1,158	$	57	$	3,924
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2021
Balance, beginning of period	$	302	$	908	$	1,586	$	28	$	1,200	$	70	$	4,094
Provision for loan losses		(29)		423		(799)		0		(119)		(12)		(536)
Charge-offs		0		0		0		0		0		(10)		(10)
Recoveries		7		36		83		0		41		10		177
Balance, end of period	$	280	$	1,367	$	870	$	28	$	1,122	$	58	$	3,725
September 30, 2020
Balance, beginning of period	$	321	$	754	$	718	$	17	$	1,081	$	70	$	2,961
Provision for loan losses		(50)		114		502		4		57		12		639
Charge-offs		0		0		0		0		(7)		(34)		(41)
Recoveries		0		0		329		0		27		9		365
Balance, end of period	$	271	$	868	$	1,549	$	21	$	1,158	$	57	$	3,924

21

The following table summarizes loans by loan class, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)							Obligations
	Commercial,						of states
	financial and		Real estate-		Real estate-		and political		Real estate-
	agricultural		commercial		construction		subdivisions		mortgage		Personal		Total
September 30, 2021
Loans allocated by:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	0	$	5,283	$	0	$	0	$	466	$	0	$	5,749
Acquired with credit deterioration		0		369		0		0		604		0		973
Collectively evaluated for impairment		59,847		149,546		40,612		18,728		131,595		4,714		405,042
	$	59,847	$	155,198	$	40,612	$	18,728	$	132,665	$	4,714	$	411,764
Allowance for loan losses allocated by:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0
Acquired with credit deterioration		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Collectively evaluated for impairment		280		1,367		870		28		1,122		58		3,725
	$	280	$	1,367	$	870	$	28	$	1,122	$	58	$	3,725
December 31, 2020
Loans allocated by:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	0	$	3,483	$	0	$	0	$	744	$	0	$	4,227
Acquired with credit deterioration		0		339		0		0		623		0		962
Collectively evaluated for impairment		73,057		118,876		61,051		18,550		140,071		5,867		417,472
	$	73,057	$	122,698	$	61,051	$	18,550	$	141,438	$	5,867	$	422,661
Allowance for loan losses allocated by:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	2	$	0	$	2
Acquired with credit deterioration		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Collectively evaluated for impairment		302		908		1,586		28		1,198		70		4,092
	$	302	$	908	$	1,586	$	28	$	1,200	$	70	$	4,094

The Company has certain loans in its portfolio that it considers to be impaired. It is the policy of the Company to recognize income on impaired loans that have been transferred to nonaccrual status on a cash basis, only to the extent that it exceeds anticipated principal balance recovery. Until an impaired loan is placed on nonaccrual status, income is recognized on the accrual basis. Collateral analysis is performed on each impaired loan at least quarterly, and results are used to determine if a specific reserve is necessary to adjust the carrying value of each individual loan down to the estimated fair value. Generally, specific reserves are carried against impaired loans based upon estimated collateral value until a confirming loss event occurs or until termination of the credit is scheduled through liquidation of the collateral or foreclosure. Consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 totaled $177,000 and $152,000, respectively. Charge-offs will occur when a confirmed loss is identified. Professional appraisals of collateral, discounted for expected selling costs, appraisal age, economic conditions and other known factors, are used to determine the charge-off amount.

22

The following table summarizes information regarding impaired loans by portfolio class as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)	As of September 30, 2021						As of December 31, 2020
	Recorded		Unpaid Principal		Related		Recorded		Unpaid Principal		Related
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment		Balance		Allowance
Impaired loans
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate - commercial	$	5,283	$	5,744	$	—	$	3,483	$	3,580	$	—
Acquired with credit deterioration		369		376		—		339		386		—
Real estate – construction		0		859		—		0		894		—
Real estate - mortgage		466		1,168		—		666		1,396		—
Acquired with credit deterioration		604		786		—		623		801		—
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate - mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	78	$	77	$	2
Total:
Real estate - commercial	$	5,283	$	5,744	$	0	$	3,483	$	3,580	$	0
Acquired with credit deterioration		369		376		0		339		386		0
Real estate - construction		0		859		0		0		894		0
Real estate – mortgage		466		1,168		0		744		1,473		2
Acquired with credit deterioration		604		786		0		623		801		0
	$	6,722	$	8,933	$	—	$	5,189	$	7,134	$	2

Average recorded investment of impaired loans and related interest income recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are summarized in the tables below.

(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021						Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Average		Interest		Cash Basis		Average		Interest		Cash Basis
	Recorded		Income		Interest		Recorded		Income		Interest
	Investment		Recognized		Income		Investment		Recognized		Income
Impaired loans
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	581	$	0	$	0
Real estate - commercial		5,291		55		0		3,412		5		8
Acquired with credit deterioration		364		0		0		354		0		0
Real estate - mortgage		483		3		10		877		4		11
Acquired with credit deterioration		595		0		0		668		0		0
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate - mortgage	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	121	$	0	$	0
Total:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	581	$	0	$	0
Real estate - commercial		5,291		55		0		3,412		5		8
Acquired with credit deterioration		364		0		0		354		0		0
Real estate - mortgage		483		3		10		998		4		11
Acquired with credit deterioration		595		0		0		668		0		0
	$	6,733	$	58	$	10	$	6,013	$	9	$	19

23

(Dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Average		Interest		Cash Basis		Average		Interest		Cash Basis
	Recorded		Income		Interest		Recorded		Income		Interest
	Investment		Recognized		Income		Investment		Recognized		Income
Impaired Loans
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	384	$	0	$	0
Real estate - commercial		4,346		166		0		2,746		10		20
Acquired with credit deterioration		345		0		0		357		0		0
Real estate - mortgage		579		10		30		1,010		8		22
Acquired with credit deterioration		602		0		0		678		0		0
Personal		0		0		0		5		0		0
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate - mortgage	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	121	$	0	$	0
Total:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	384	$	0	$	0
Real estate - commercial		4,346		166		0		2,746		10		20
Acquired with credit deterioration		345		0		0		357		0		0
Real estate - mortgage		579		10		30		1,131		8		22
Acquired with credit deterioration		602		0		0		678		0		0
Personal		0		0		0		5		0		0
	$	5,872	$	176	$	30	$	5,301	$	18	$	42

The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and loan origination fees, net due to immateriality. For purposes of this disclosure, the unpaid principal balance is not reduced for partial charge-offs.

Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as non-accrual loans. Accrual of interest on loans is generally discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or reasonable doubt exists as to the full, timely collection of principal or interest. However, it is the Company’s policy to continue to accrue interest on loans over 90 days past due if (1) they are guaranteed or well secured and (2) there is an effective means of timely collection in process. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed against current period income, and unpaid interest accrued in prior years is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, accruals are resumed on loans only when the obligation is brought fully current with respect to interest and principal, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. The Company’s nonaccrual and charge-off policies are the same, regardless of the loan type.

The following table presents nonaccrual loans by classes of the loan portfolio as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Non-accrual loans:
Real estate - commercial	$	0	$	41
Real estate - mortgage		162		381
Total	$	162	$	422

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The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. Past due status is determined by the contractual terms of the loan. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

													Loans
													Past Due
													Greater
(Dollars in thousands)							Greater						than 89
			30‑59 Days		60‑89 Days		than 89		Total Past				Days and
	Current		Past Due(2)		Past Due		Days		Due		Total Loans		Accruing(1)
As of September 30, 2021
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	59,847	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	59,847	$	0
Real estate - commercial		154,632		197		0		0		197		154,829		0
Real estate - construction		40,612		0		0		0		0		40,612		0
Real estate - mortgage		131,759		70		97		135		302		132,061		87
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		18,728		0		0		0		0		18,728		0
Personal		4,714		0		0		0		0		4,714		0
Subtotal		410,292		267		97		135		499		410,791		87
Loans acquired with credit deterioration
Real estate - commercial		369		0		0		0		0		369		0
Real estate - mortgage		468		0		44		92		136		604		92
Subtotal		837		0		44		92		136		973		92
	$	411,129	$	267	$	141	$	227	$	635	$	411,764	$	179

													Loans
													Past Due
													Greater
(Dollars in thousands)							Greater						than 89
			30‑59 Days		60‑89 Days		than 89		Total Past				Days and
	Current		Past Due(2)		Past Due		Days		Due		Total Loans		Accruing(1)
As of December 31, 2020
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	73,028	$	7	$	0	$	22	$	29	$	73,057	$	22
Real estate - commercial		122,318		0		0		41		41		122,359		0
Real estate - construction		61,051		0		0		0		0		61,051		0
Real estate - mortgage		139,842		351		453		169		973		140,815		0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		18,550		0		0		0		0		18,550		0
Personal		5,853		0		14		0		14		5,867		0
Subtotal		420,642		358		467		232		1,057		421,699		22
Loans acquired with credit deterioration
Real estate - commercial		293		0		46		0		46		339		0
Real estate - mortgage		481		50		0		92		142		623		92
Subtotal		774		50		46		92		188		962		92
	$	421,416	$	408	$	513	$	324	$	1,245	$	422,661	$	114

(1) These loans are guaranteed, or well-secured, and there is an effective means of collection in process.

(2) Loans are considered past due when the borrower is in arrears on two or more monthly payments.

25

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The Company’s troubled debt restructurings are impaired loans, which may result in a specific allocation and subsequent charge-off if appropriate. The amended terms of the restructured loans vary, and may include interest rates that have been reduced, principal payments that have been reduced or deferred for a period and/or maturity dates that have been extended.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had a recorded investment in troubled debt restructurings of $5,583,000 with 0 specific reserves or any charge-offs related to the troubled debt restructured loans. There were 0 troubled debt restructured loans in default within 12 months of restructure during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 or 2020. On December 31, 2020, the Company had a recorded investment in troubled debt restructurings of $3,802,000 with 0 specific reserves or any charge-offs related to the troubled debt restructured loans. The increase in troubled debt restructurings between December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021 was due to the addition of 1 hospitality-industry loan, which was granted concessions due to financial difficulty due only in part to the pandemic. The borrower has been experiencing cash-flow difficulties and is in the process of liquidating the properties collateralizing the loan. Full payment according to the restructured terms is expected to be received.

The following table presents the loan whose terms were modified resulting in troubled debt restructuring during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. There were 0 loan terms modified resulting in troubled debt restructuring during the three months ended September 30, 2021, nor during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)		Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	Number of	Outstanding		Outstanding
	Contracts	Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Accruing troubled debt restructurings:
Real estate - commercial	1	$	2,254	$	2,254	$	1,854
	1	$	2,254	$	2,254	$	1,854

The CARES Act permits financial institutions to exclude loan modifications to borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic from TDR treatment if (1) the borrower was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and (2) the loan modification is made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the end of the coronavirus emergency declaration following the passing of the CAA on December 27, 2020. A loan modification accounted for in accordance with the CARES Act is not treated as a TDR for accounting or disclosure purposes.  

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company established a COVID-19 Modification Program on March 20, 2020 to offer payment relief to certain borrowers. Through this program, the Company has approved interest and/or principal payment deferrals on loans for individuals and businesses affected by the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Only 2 loans in the aggregate amount of $72,000, placed on deferment due to the pandemic remained in deferment as of September 30, 2021. All other loans previously placed in deferment have resumed contractual debt service as of September 30, 2021.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes loans to commercial customers with an aggregate loan exposure greater than $500,000 and for lines of credit in excess of $50,000. This analysis is performed on a continuing basis with all such loans reviewed annually. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

26

Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Loans in this category are reviewed no less than quarterly.

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans in this category are reviewed no less than monthly.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans in this category are reviewed no less than monthly.

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass-rated loans.

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate pass rating and the classified ratings of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Company’s internal risk rating system as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)			Special
As of September 30, 2021	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	58,572	$	775	$	500	$	0	$	59,847
Real estate - commercial		108,484		40,993		5,721		0		155,198
Real estate - construction		40,054		0		558		0		40,612
Real estate - mortgage		131,349		261		1,055		0		132,665
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		18,728		0		0		0		18,728
Personal		4,714		0		0		0		4,714
Total	$	361,901	$	42,029	$	7,834	$	0	$	411,764

(Dollars in thousands)			Special
As of December 31, 2020	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	71,983	$	495	$	579	$	0	$	73,057
Real estate - commercial		99,828		15,198		7,631		41		122,698
Real estate - construction		36,332		24,644		75		0		61,051
Real estate - mortgage		139,787		289		1,317		45		141,438
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		18,550		0		0		0		18,550
Personal		5,867		0		0		0		5,867
Total	$	372,347	$	40,626	$	9,602	$	86	$	422,661

The decline in special mention real estate – construction loans and the increase in special mention real estate – commercial loans as of September 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020 was largely due to two relationships transitioning from a construction phase to permanent loan status.

27

7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

On September 8, 2006, the Company acquired a branch office in Richfield, PA. Goodwill associated with this transaction is carried at $2,046,000. On November 30, 2015, the Company acquired FNBPA Bancorp, Inc. and, as a result, carries goodwill of $3,402,000 relating to the acquisition. On April 30, 2018, the Company acquired the remainder of the outstanding common stock of Liverpool Community Bank and, as a result, carries goodwill of $3,599,000 relating to the acquisition.

Total goodwill at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $9,047,000. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if certain events occur which might indicate goodwill has been impaired. There was 0 goodwill impairment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 or September 30, 2020.

Intangible Assets

On November 30, 2015, a core deposit intangible in the amount of $303,000 associated with the FNBPA Bancorp, Inc. acquisition was recorded and is being amortized over a ten-year period using a sum of the year’s digits basis. Amortization expense recognized for the intangibles related to the FNBPA acquisition in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $6,000 and $20,000, respectively.

On April 30, 2018, a core deposit intangible in the amount of $289,000 associated with the Liverpool Community Bank acquisition was recorded and is being amortized over a ten-year period using a sum of the year’s digit basis. Amortization expense recognized for the intangible related to the Liverpool Community Bank acquisition in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $10,000 and $29,000, respectively.

The following table shows the amortization schedule for each of the intangible assets recorded.

(Dollars in thousands)	FNBPA		LCB
	Acquisition		Acquisition
	Core		Core
	Deposit		Deposit
	Intangible		Intangible
Beginning Balance at Acquisition Date	$	303	$	289
Amortization expense recorded prior to January 1, 2020		190		84
Amortization expense recorded in the twelve months
ended December 31, 2020		33		44
Unamortized balance as of December 31, 2020		80		161
Amortization expense recorded in the
nine months ended September 30, 2021		20		29
Unamortized balance as of September 30, 2021	$	60	$	132
Scheduled remaining amortization expense for years ended:
December 31, 2021	$	7	$	10
December 31, 2022		22		33
December 31, 2023		16		28
December 31, 2024		10		23
December 31, 2025		5		17
After December 31, 2025		—		21

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8. BORROWINGS

Borrowings consisted of the following as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	4,804	$	4,750
Short-term debt with FHLB		0		20,000
Federal Reserve Bank advances		0		27,955
Long-term debt with FHLB		35,000		35,000
	$	39,804	$	87,705

Long-term debt is comprised only of FHLB advances with an original maturity of one year or more. The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities of long-term debt as of September 30, 2021.

(Dollars in thousands)	Scheduled		Weighted Average
Year	Maturities		Interest Rate
2021	$	0	0	%
2022		0	0
2023		0	0
2024		20,000	2.42
2025		15,000	2.41
Thereafter		0	0
	$	35,000	2.42	%

9. STOCK COMPENSATION PLAN

Long-Term Incentive Plan

The Company maintains the 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”); the Plan amended and restated the former 2011 Stock Option Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The Plan continues in effect for any outstanding awards under the 2011 Plan in accordance with the terms and conditions governing such awards immediately prior to the effective date of the Plan. The Plan expanded the types of awards authorized by the 2011 Plan to include, among others, restricted stock. Under the provisions of the Plan, awards may consist of grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and performance shares to officers and key employees of the Company, as well as directors. The Plan is administered by a committee of the Board of Directors.

The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Plan is 300,000 shares and 162,051 shares were available for grant as of September 30, 2021. Shares of common stock issued under the Plan may be treasury shares or authorized but unissued shares. Forfeited awards are returned to the pool of shares available for grant for future awards.

Through the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 8,839 restricted shares were awarded to certain officers and all directors. Each of the awards vest after three-years, with no interim vesting. As of September 30, 2021, there was $210,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to all non-vested restricted stock awards. This cost is expected to be recognized through February 2024.

Compensation expense for stock options granted and restricted stock awarded is measured using the fair value of the award on the grant date and is recognized over the vesting period. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $38,000 and $110,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $31,000 and $94,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

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The following table presents a summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested restricted stock awards as of September 30, 2021, and changes during the period then ended is presented below:

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2021	20,175	$	19.62
Vested	(4,460)		19.80
Forfeited	(200)		17.90
Granted	8,839		16.55
Non-vested at September 30, 2021	24,354	$	18.49

NaN stock options were awarded during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Previously granted stock options vest over three to five years and are exercisable at the grant price, which is at least the fair market value of the stock on the grant date. The Plan provides that the option price per share is not to be less than the fair market value of the stock on the day the option was granted, but in no event less than the par value of such stock. Options granted under the Plan are exercisable no earlier than one year after the date of grant and expire ten years after the date of the grant. All options previously granted under the Plans are scheduled to expire by February 17, 2025.

Total options outstanding as of September 30, 2021 have exercise prices between $17.65 and $18.00, with a weighted average exercise price of $17.78 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.30 years.

As of September 30, 2021, there was 0 unrecognized compensation cost related to options granted under the Plan and 0 options were exercised under the Plans during the period.

A summary of the status of the outstanding stock options as of September 30, 2021, and changes during the period then ended is presented below:

		Weighted
		Average
		Exercise
	Shares	Price
Outstanding at beginning of year	81,547	$	17.78
Granted	0		0
Exercised	0		0
Expired	(9,600)		17.75
Outstanding at end of year	71,947	$	17.78

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan under which employees, through payroll deductions, may purchase shares of Company stock annually. The option price of the stock purchases is between 95% and 100% of the fair market value of the stock on the offering termination date as determined annually by the Board of Directors. The maximum number of shares which employees may purchase under the Plan is 250,000; however, the annual issuance of shares may not exceed 5,000 shares plus any unissued shares from prior offerings. There were 4,944 and 4,459 shares issued from treasury under this plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, there were 161,676 shares reserved for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

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10. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Fair value measurement and disclosure guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact. Additional guidance is provided on determining when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability has significantly decreased. The guidance also includes guidance on identifying circumstances when a transaction may not be considered orderly.

Fair value measurement and disclosure guidance provides a list of factors that a reporting entity should evaluate to determine whether there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability in relation to normal market activity for the asset or liability. When the reporting entity concludes there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, further analysis of the information from that market is needed, and significant adjustments to the related prices may be necessary to estimate fair value in accordance with fair value measurement and disclosure guidance.

This guidance clarifies that, when there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, some transactions may not be orderly. In those situations, the entity must evaluate the weight of the evidence to determine whether the transaction is orderly. The guidance provides a list of circumstances that may indicate that a transaction is not orderly. A transaction price that is not associated with an orderly transaction is given little, if any, weight when estimating fair value.

The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

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An asset’s or liability’s placement in the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality and the Company’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

Equities Securities – The fair value of equity securities is based upon quoted prices in active markets and is reported using Level 1 inputs.

Debt Securities Available for Sale – For debt securities available for sale where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities and are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurement from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the debt securities’ terms and conditions, among other things. For debt securities available for sale where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using other market indicators and are reported at fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs.

Derivatives – The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company’s derivatives are comprised of interest rate swaps traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available; therefore, the fair values are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of curves, prepayment rates and volatility factors used to value the position. Most market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.

Impaired Loans – Certain impaired loans are reported on a non-recurring basis at the fair value of the underlying collateral since repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Other Real Estate Owned – Certain assets included in other real estate owned are carried at fair value as a result of impairment and accordingly are presented as measured on a non-recurring basis. Values are estimated using Level 3 inputs, based on appraisals that consider the sales prices of property in the proximate vicinity.

Mortgage Servicing Rights – The fair value of servicing assets is based on the present value of estimated future cash flows on pools of mortgages stratified by rate and maturity date and are considered Level 3 inputs.

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The following tables summarize financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value. There were no assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2021.

	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	Quoted Prices in		Significant		Significant
(Dollars in thousands)	Active Markets		Other		Other
	for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
September 30, 2021	Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Total
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available for sale:
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	—	$	40,972	$	—	$	40,972
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		—		9,972		—		9,972
Corporate debt securities		—		30,729		4,520		35,249
Mortgage-backed securities		—		272,116		—		272,116
Total debt securities available for sale	$	—	$	353,789	$	4,520	$	358,309
Equity securities	$	1,111	$	—	$	—	$	1,111
Mortgage servicing rights	$	—	$	—	$	128	$	128
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	435	$	—	$	435

	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	Quoted Prices in		Significant		Significant
(Dollars in thousands)	Active Markets		Other		Other
	for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
December 31, 2020	Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Total
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available for sale:
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	—	$	22,949	$	—	$	22,949
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		—		8,282		—		8,282
Corporate debt securities		—		9,523		2,000		11,523
Mortgage-backed securities		—		243,661		—		243,661
Total debt securities available for sale	$	—	$	284,415	$	2,000	$	286,415
Equity securities	$	1,091	$	—	$	—	$	1,091
Mortgage servicing rights	$	—	$	—	$	158	$	158
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	57	$	—	$	57
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	84	$	84

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The table below presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of investment securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Investment Securities:
Beginning balance	$	4,500	$	0	$	2,000	$	0
Total gains (loss) included in OCI		20		0		20		0
Purchases		0		0		2,500		0
Principal payments and other		0		0		0		0
Sales		0		0		0		0
Balance, end of period	$	4,520	$	0	$	4,520	$	0

Mortgage servicing rights and assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for which Level 3 inputs have been used to determine fair value are immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, the fair value estimates reported herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in sales transactions on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective year ends and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments after the respective reporting dates may be different from the amounts reported at each quarter end.

The information presented below should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is provided only for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

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The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

	Financial Instruments
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	11,995	$	11,995	$	11,868	$	11,868
Interest bearing deposits with banks		703		703		19,753		19,753
Interest bearing time deposits with banks		735		735		735		735
Securities		359,420		359,420		287,506		287,506
Restricted investment in bank stock		2,516		N/A		3,423		N/A
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		408,039		409,460		418,567		424,791
Interest rate swaps		435		435		0		0
Accrued interest receivable		2,052		2,052		2,105		2,105
Financial liabilities:
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	181,735	$	181,735	$	168,115	$	168,115
Interest bearing deposits		525,847		529,163		454,751		459,224
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		4,804		N/A		4,750		N/A
Short-term borrowings		0		0		20,000		20,002
FRB advances		0		0		27,955		27,955
Long-term debt		35,000		36,747		35,000		37,365
Interest rate swaps		0		0		57		57
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,538		1,538		1,584		1,585
Accrued interest payable		313		313		448		448
Off-balance sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to extend credit	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0
Letters of credit		0		0		0		0

The following tables present the carrying amount, fair value and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments not previously disclosed as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The tables exclude financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value.

					(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
					Quoted Prices in		Significant		Significant
(Dollars in thousands)					Active Markets		Other		Other
	Carrying				for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Amount		Fair Value		Assets or Liabilities		Inputs		Inputs
September 30, 2021
Financial instruments - Assets
Interest bearing time deposits with banks	$	735	$	735	$	—	$	735	$	—
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		408,039		409,460		—		—		409,460
Financial instruments - Liabilities
Interest bearing deposits	$	525,847	$	529,163	$	—	$	529,163	$	—
Long-term debt		35,000		36,747		—		36,747		—
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,538		1,538		—		1,538		—

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					(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
					Quoted Prices in		Significant		Significant
(Dollars in thousands)					Active Markets		Other		Other
	Carrying				for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Amount		Fair Value		Assets or Liabilities		Inputs		Inputs
December 31, 2020
Financial instruments - Assets
Interest bearing time deposits with banks	$	735	$	735	$	—	$	735	$	—
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		418,567		424,791		—		—		424,791
Financial instruments - Liabilities
Interest bearing deposits	$	454,751	$	459,224	$	—	$	459,224	$	—
Long-term debt		35,000		37,365		—		37,365		—
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,584		1,585		—		1,585		—

11. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND GUARANTEES

In the ordinary course of business, the Company makes commitments to extend credit to its customers through letters of credit, loan commitments and lines of credit. At September 30, 2021, the Company had $99,255,000 outstanding in loan commitments and other unused lines of credit extended to its customers as compared to $95,089,000 at December 31, 2020.

The Company does not issue any guarantees that would require liability recognition or disclosure, other than its letters of credit. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third-party. Generally, financial and performance letters of credit have expiration dates within one year of issuance, while commercial letters of credit have longer term commitments. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the risks that are involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company generally holds collateral and/or personal guarantees supporting these commitments. The Company had outstanding $3,869,000 and $2,251,000 of financial and performance letters of credit commitments, respectively, as of September 30, 2021 and $1,541,000 and $2,365,000 of financial and performance letters of credit commitments, respectively, as of December 31, 2020. Commercial letters of credit as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 totaled $13,475,000 and $6,975,000, respectively. The increase between periods was predominantly due to a $6,000,000 commercial letter of credit extended to a customer in the third quarter of 2021. Management believes the proceeds obtained through a liquidation of collateral and the enforcement of guarantees would be sufficient to cover the potential amount of future payments required under the corresponding guarantees. The amount of the liability as of September 30, 2021 for payments under letters of credit issued was not material. Because these instruments have fixed maturity dates, and because many of them will expire without being drawn upon, they do not generally present any significant liquidity risk.

Additionally, the Company has sold qualifying residential mortgage loans to the FHLB as part of its Mortgage Partnership Finance Program (“Program”). Under the terms of the Program, there is limited recourse back to the Company for loans that do not perform in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. Each loan sold under the Program is “credit enhanced” such that the individual loan’s rating is raised to “BBB”, as determined by the FHLB. The Program can be terminated by either the FHLB or the Company, without cause. The FHLB has no obligation to commit to purchase any mortgage loans through, or from, the Company.

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12. DERIVATIVES

The Company uses interest rate swap agreements as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. The notional amount of the interest rate swaps does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.

As of September 30, 2021, interest rate swaps with a notional amount totaling $40,000,000 were designated as cash flow hedges on fixed-rate brokered deposits and certain FHLB advances. As of December 31, 2020, interest rate swaps with a notional amount totaling $40,000,000, were designated as cash flow hedges on certain FHLB advances. The interest rate swaps were determined to be fully effective during the periods presented, and as such, no amount of ineffectiveness have been included in net income. The aggregate fair value of the swaps is recorded in either other assets or other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Condition with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income. The Company expects the hedges to remain fully effective during the remaining terms of the swaps.

The following table reflects the notional amounts and fair values of derivatives recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Condition as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
			Fair				Fair
			Value				Value
	Notional		Asset		Notional		Asset
	Amount		(Liability)		Amount		(Liability)
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Interest rate swap - pay fixed / receive floating on 3-month brokered deposit	$	20,000	$	(61)	$	0	$	0
Interest rate swap - pay fixed / receive floating on 3-month FHLB advance		0		0		20,000		(123)
Interest rate swaps - forward-starting on long-term FHLB advances		20,000		496		20,000		66

The effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income for the periods ended September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021
	Amount of Gain		Location of (Gain)	Amount of (Gain)
	(Loss) Recognized in		Loss Reclassified	Loss Reclassified
	OCI on Derivatives		from OCI into Income	from OCI into Income
Interest rate contracts	$	449	Interest expense on short-term borrowings and repurchase agreements	$	43

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
	Amount of Gain		Location of (Gain)	Amount of (Gain)
	(Loss) Recognized in		Loss Reclassified	Loss Reclassified
	OCI on Derivatives		from OCI into Income	from OCI into Income
Interest rate contracts	$	(48)	Interest expense on short-term borrowings and repurchase agreements	$	(9)

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The effect of cash flow hedge accounting on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 was as follows:

Location and Amount of Gain or Loss Recognized in Income on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships

	Interest Income (Expense)				Interest Income (Expense)
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Effects of cash flow hedging:
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Amount reclassified from AOCI into income	$	(17)	$	(1)	$	(43)	$	21
Total	$	(17)	$	(1)	$	(43)	$	21

13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 19, 2021, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.22 per share to shareholders of record on November 15, 2021, payable on December 1, 2021.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward Looking Statements:

The information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward looking statements (as such term is defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the regulations thereunder). These forward-looking statements may include projections of, or guidance on, the Corporation’s future financial performance, expected levels of future expenses, including future credit losses, anticipated growth strategies, descriptions of new business initiatives and anticipated trends in the Corporation’s business or financial results. When words such as "may”, "should”, "will”, "could”, "estimates”, "predicts”, "potential”, "continue”, "anticipates”, "believes”, "plans”, "expects”, "future”, "intends”, “projects”, the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology are used in this release, Juniata is making forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this document is based only on Juniata’s current expectations, estimates and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial condition of its business based on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date when made. Juniata undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise forward looking information, whether as a result of new or updated information, future events, or otherwise. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts or guarantees of future performance. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of the Corporation’s control, and actual results may differ materially from this forward-looking information. Therefore, you should not unduly rely on any of these forward-looking statements.  Many factors could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to: (i) the factors set forth in the sections of Juniata’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and factors set forth in other current and periodic reports which Juniata has or will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and (ii) the following factors:

● the impact of adverse changes in the economy and real estate markets, including protracted periods of low-growth and sluggish loan demand;

● the effect of market interest rates and uncertainties, and relative balances of rate-sensitive assets to rate-sensitive liabilities, on net interest margin and net interest income;

● the effect of competition on rates of deposit and loan growth and net interest margin;

● increases in non-performing assets, which may result in increases in the allowance for credit losses, loan charge-offs and elevated collection and carrying costs related to such non-performing assets;

● other income growth, including the impact of regulatory changes which have reduced debit card interchange revenue;

● investment securities gains and losses, including other than temporary declines in the value of securities which may result in charges to earnings;

● the effects of changes in the applicable federal income tax rate;

● the level of other expenses, including salaries and employee benefit expenses;

● the impact of increased regulatory scrutiny of the banking industry;

● the impact of governmental monetary and fiscal policies, as well as legislative and regulatory changes;

● the results of regulatory examination and supervision processes;

● the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of reserves for loan and lease losses, and estimations of collateral values and various financial assets and liabilities;

● the increasing time and expense associated with regulatory compliance and risk management;

● the ability to implement business strategies, including business acquisition activities and organic branch, product, and service expansion strategies;

● capital and liquidity strategies, including the impact of the capital and liquidity requirements modified by the Basel III standards;

● the effects of changes in accounting policies, standards, and interpretations on the presentation in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income;

● the Company’s failure to identify and to address cyber-security risks;

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● the Company’s ability to keep pace with technological changes;

● the Company’s ability to attract and retain talented personnel;

● the Company’s reliance on its subsidiary for substantially all of its revenues and its ability to pay dividends;

● acts of war or terrorism;

● disruptions due to flooding, severe weather, or other natural disasters;

● failure of third-party service providers to perform their contractual obligations; and

● the scope and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, actions taken by governmental authorities in response to the pandemic and the direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic on the Company, its customers and third parties.

COVID-19 Update:

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law, providing relief from certain loan modification accounting requirements under U.S. GAAP. The CARES Act permits the suspension of ASC 310-40 for loan modifications that are made by financial institutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic if (1) the borrower was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and (2) the loan modification is made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the end of the coronavirus emergency declaration following the passing of the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act (“CAA”) on December 27, 2020. A loan modification accounted for in accordance with the CARES Act is not treated as a TDR for accounting or disclosure purposes.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company established a COVID-19 Modification Program on March 20, 2020 to offer payment relief to certain borrowers. Through this program, the Company approved interest and/or principal payment deferrals on loans for individuals and businesses affected by the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Only two loans in the aggregate amount of $72,000, placed on deferment due to the pandemic remained in deferment as of September 30, 2021.

As part of the CARES Act and in recognition of the challenging circumstances faced by small businesses, Congress created the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), in which the Company is a participant. Loans made pursuant to the PPP are fully guaranteed as to principal and accrued interest by the SBA, and therefore, require a zero percent risk weight for risk-based capital requirements. The SBA reimburses PPP lenders for any amount of a PPP covered loan that is forgiven. PPP lenders are not held liable for any representations made by PPP borrowers in connection with a borrower's request for PPP covered loan forgiveness.

The CAA also provided several amendments to the PPP, including adding additional funding for first and second draws of PPP loans up to March 31, 2021. On March 30, 2021, the PPP Extension Act of 2021 was signed into law, extending the program to May 31, 2021.  

The Company participated in the PPP and funded 508 first round PPP loans totaling $32,064,000 in 2020 and funded 362 second round PPP loans totaling $18,931,000 in 2021. As of September 30, 2021, six first round PPP loans, totaling $233,000, and 303 second round PPP loans, totaling $14,690,000, remained outstanding. All remaining PPP loans have been forgiven.  

On April 7, 2020, the Federal Reserve Banks extended credit under the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”) to provide liquidity to small business lenders and the broader credit markets, and to help stabilize the financial system. Only PPP covered loans guaranteed by the SBA under the Paycheck Protection Program with respect to both principal and interest, and that are originated by an eligible institution, may be pledged as collateral to the Federal Reserve Banks. The Company participated in the PPPLF, and as of September 30, 2021, had repaid all Federal Reserve Bank advances.

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Critical Accounting Policies:

Disclosure of the Company’s significant accounting policies is included in the Company’s critical accounting policies in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Some of these policies require significant judgments, estimates, and assumptions to be made by management, most particularly in connection with determining the provision for loan losses and the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses.

General:

The following discussion relates to the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of September 30, 2021, compared to December 31, 2020, and the consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the interim consolidated financial statements and related notes included herein.

Overview:

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. is a Pennsylvania corporation organized in 1983 to be the holding company of The Juniata Valley Bank. The Bank is a state-chartered bank headquartered in Mifflintown, Pennsylvania. Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and its subsidiary bank derive substantially all their income from banking and bank-related services, including interest earned on residential real estate, commercial mortgage, commercial and consumer loans, interest earned on investment securities and fee income from deposit services and other financial services provided to its customers.

Financial Condition:

Total assets as of September 30, 2021, were $827,124,000, an increase of $33,406,000, or 4.2%, compared to December 31, 2020. Comparing asset balances on September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, total cash and cash equivalents decreased by $28,923,000, or 69.5%, as excess cash was used to repay $27,955,000 in FRB advances under the PPPLF in 2021. Over the same period, debt securities available for sale increased by $71,894,000, or 25.1%, funded by deposit growth. Total loans decreased by $10,897,000, or 2.6%, due to net PPP loan forgiveness of $13,792,000. Excluding PPP loan activity, total loans increased by $2,895,000 during the period. As of September 30, 2021, total deposits increased by $84,716,000, or 13.6%, compared to December 31, 2020, primarily due to customers depositing government stimulus payments and PPP loan balances.

The table below shows changes in deposit volumes by type of deposit between December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,		December 31,		Change
	2021		2020		$		%
Deposits:
Demand, non-interest bearing	$	181,735	$	168,115	$	13,620	8.1	%
Interest bearing demand and money market		236,076		176,469		59,607	33.8
Savings		143,015		123,572		19,443	15.7
Time deposits, $250,000 and more		14,436		13,475		961	7.1
Other time deposits		132,320		141,235		(8,915)	(6.3)
Total deposits	$	707,582	$	622,866	$	84,716	13.6	%

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As shown in the table below, total loans decreased $10,897,000, or 2.6%, between December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021. This decrease was primarily in the commercial, financial and agricultural class as a result of $13,792,000 in PPP loan forgiveness payments exceeding originations and in the real estate – construction class, mainly due to the transfer of two large relationships to the real estate – commercial loan class during 2021. Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase in the real estate – commercial loan class which increased both from organic loan growth as well as the previously mentioned transfers between loan classes.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,		December 31,		Change
	2021		2020		$		%
Loans:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	59,847	$	73,057	$	(13,210)	(18.1)	%
Real estate - commercial		155,198		122,698		32,500	26.5
Real estate - construction		40,612		61,051		(20,439)	(33.5)
Real estate - mortgage		132,665		141,438		(8,773)	(6.2)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		18,728		18,550		178	1.0
Personal		4,714		5,867		(1,153)	(19.7)
Total loans	$	411,764	$	422,661	$	(10,897)	(2.6)	%

A summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses for each of the nine month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 is presented below.

(Dollars in thousands)	Nine months ended September 30,
	2021			2020
Balance of allowance - January 1	$	4,094		$	2,961
Loans charged off		(10)			(41)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off		177			365
Net recoveries		167			324
Provision for loan losses		(536)			639
Balance of allowance - end of period	$	3,725		$	3,924
Ratio of net recoveries during period to average loans outstanding		(0.04)	%		(0.08)	%

Juniata experienced favorable asset quality trends and net recoveries of previously charged-off loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Only two loans in the aggregate amount of $72,000, placed on deferment due to the pandemic remained in deferment as of September 30, 2021. All other loans previously placed in deferment have resumed contractual debt service as of September 30, 2021. Juniata continued to apply elevated qualitative risk factors to all loan segments in the loan portfolio in its allowance for loan loss analysis in the first nine months of 2021 due to the remaining uncertainty of the strength of the economy, as well as the lingering effects and duration of the pandemic. However, because borrowers with loans previously placed in deferment have shown the ability to continue making payments under contractual debt service, management reduced the level of risk originally established on these loans. Due to the positive asset quality trends noted above and sustained performance of the loan portfolio, the analysis resulted in a provision credit of $536,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to a provision expense of $639,000 recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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As of September 30, 2021, 20 loans (exclusive of loans acquired with existing credit deterioration) with aggregate outstanding balances of $5,749,000 were individually evaluated for impairment. The increase in impaired loans between December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021 was due to the addition of one hospitality-industry loan classified as a troubled debt restructuring in 2021. A collateral analysis was performed on each of the loans individually evaluated for impairment to establish a portion of the reserve needed to carry the impaired loans at no higher than the fair value of their collateral. Following the analysis, no loans were determined to have insufficient collateral at September 30, 2021 requiring the establishment of specific reserves.

As of September 30, 2021, there were $42,029,000 of loans classified as special mention compared to $40,626,000 at December 31, 2020, $7,834,000 classified as substandard loans at September 30, 2021 compared to $9,602,000 at December 31, 2020, and no loans classified as doubtful at September 30, 2021 compared to $86,000 at December 31, 2020.

Management believes that the reserves carried are adequate to cover probable incurred losses related to these relationships as of September 30, 2021. There are uncertainties about the lasting effects of the COVID-19 impact on the economy. Such effects could have a material impact on future results of operations if businesses are not able to remain solvent and unemployment remains high. Management believes the Company has sufficient liquidity and capital and an adequate allowance for loan losses to withstand losses that may occur but continues to closely monitor the financial strength of borrowers whose ability to comply with repayment terms may become permanently impaired.

The following table summarizes the Bank’s non-performing loans, exclusive of loans acquired with credit deterioration, on September 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020.

(Dollar amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Non-performing loans
Non-accrual loans	$	162		$	422
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more		87			22
Total	$	249		$	444
Loans outstanding	$	411,764		$	422,661
Ratio of non-performing loans to loans outstanding		0.06	%		0.11	%

Total non-performing loans as of September 30, 2021 decreased $195,000 over total non-performing loans as of December 31, 2020. Contributing to the decline was a $61,000 non-accrual loan placed in foreclosure, a $37,000 payoff of a non-accrual loan, as well as $91,000 in non-accrual loans upgraded to accrual status in 2021.

Stockholders’ equity decreased from December 31, 2020 to September 30, 2021 by $3,494,000, or 4.6%, mainly due to unrealized losses resulting from the change in market value of debt securities available for sale.

Subsequent to September 30, 2021, the following event took place:

On October 19, 2021, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.22 per share to shareholders of record on November 15, 2021, payable on December 1, 2021.

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Operations Overview:

Net income for the third quarter of 2021 was $1,897,000, an increase of $291,000, or 18.1%, when compared to the third quarter of 2020. Basic and diluted earnings per share increased 18.8%, to $0.38, in the third quarter of 2021 compared to basic and diluted earnings per share of $0.32 in the third quarter of 2020.

Annualized return on average equity for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was 10.19 %, compared to the return on average equity of 8.36% for the same period in 2020. For the three months ended September 30, annualized return on average assets was 0.91% in 2021, compared to 0.82% in 2020.

Presented below are selected key ratios for the two periods:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020
Return on average assets (annualized)	0.91	%	0.82	%
Return on average equity (annualized)	10.19	%	8.36	%
Average equity to average assets	8.94	%	9.84	%
Non-interest income, excluding gain/loss on sales and calls of securities and change in value of equity securities, as a percentage of average assets (annualized)	0.61	%	0.60	%
Non-interest expense, excluding long-term debt prepayment penalty, as a percentage of average assets (annualized)	2.37	%	2.52	%

The discussion that follows further explains changes in the components of net income when comparing the third quarter of 2021 with the third quarter of 2020.

Net Interest Income:

Net interest income was $5,404,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2021 when compared to $5,226,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2020. Total interest income decreased by $16,000 during the third quarter of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 due to a decline in interest income on loans, while total interest expense decreased by $194,000 over the same periods due primarily to a decline in interest expense on deposits.

Overall, average earning assets increased 7.6% in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020, while average interest-bearing liabilities increased 6.2 % over the same period. The net interest margin, on a fully tax equivalent basis, decreased from 2.91% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 to 2.79% during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Average loan balances decreased by $2,570,000 and interest on loans decreased by $48,000 during the third quarter of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 due to net PPP loan forgiveness which was partially offset by organic loan growth in commercial real estate loans. Average PPP loans were $21,788,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $31,879,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in the average volume of loans outstanding reduced interest income by $35,000, while the 3 basis point decline in the weighted average yield on loans decreased interest income by $13,000.

 ​

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The average balance of investment securities increased $50,174,000, and interest earned on investment securities increased by $32,000 in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020. The increase in the average balance on investment securities during the period increased interest income by $227,000, while the decline in yield on investment securities decreased interest income by $195,000.

Average earning assets increased $55,065,000, to $778,656,000, when comparing the three months ended September 30, 2021 to the three months ended September 30, 2020 due to a 17.0% increase in average investment securities, as well as a 136.3% increase in average interest-earning deposits and federal funds sold. The yield on earning assets declined 25 basis points, to 3.16%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021, from 3.41% during the same period in 2020. The average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased over the period by $33,383,000 compared to the same 2020 period, while the cost to fund interest-earning assets with interest-bearing liabilities decreased 18 basis points, to 0.55%, during the third quarter of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020.

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The table below shows the net interest margin on a fully tax-equivalent basis for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021						September 30, 2020						Increase (Decrease) Due To (6)
	Average				Yield/		Average				Yield/
	Balance(1)		Interest		Rate		Balance(1)		Interest		Rate		Volume		Rate		Total
ASSETS
Interest earning assets:
Taxable loans (5)	$	391,359	$	4,587	4.65	%	$	395,099	$	4,626	4.66	%	$	(44)	$	5	$	(39)
Tax-exempt loans		29,241		213	2.89			28,071		222	3.15			9		(18)		(9)
Total loans		420,600		4,800	4.53			423,170		4,848	4.56			(35)		(13)		(48)
Taxable investment securities		339,222		1,350	1.59			288,184		1,312	1.82			232		(194)		38
Tax-exempt investment securities		5,899		36	2.44			6,763		42	2.48			(5)		(1)		(6)
Total investment securities		345,121		1,386	1.61			294,947		1,354	1.84			227		(195)		32
Interest bearing deposits		8,364		8	0.36			5,474		8	0.58			5		(5)		—
Federal funds sold		4,571		0	0.01			—		—	0.00			—		—		—
Total interest earning assets		778,656		6,194	3.16			723,591		6,210	3.41			197		(213)		(16)
Other assets (7)		54,697						57,570
Total assets	$	833,353					$	781,161
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing demand deposits (2)	$	237,366		73	0.12		$	178,417		85	0.19		$	28	$	(40)	$	(12)
Savings deposits		142,294		18	0.05			111,758		14	0.05			4		—		4
Time deposits		148,666		464	1.24			152,323		611	1.60			(15)		(132)		(147)
Short-term and long-term borrowings and other interest bearing liabilities		40,905		235	2.28			93,350		274	1.17			(153)		114		(39)
Total interest bearing liabilities		569,231		790	0.55			535,848		984	0.73			(136)		(58)		(194)
Non-interest bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits		184,318						162,881
Other		5,334						5,575
Stockholders’ equity		74,470						76,857
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	833,353					$	781,161
Net interest income and net interest rate spread			$	5,404	2.61	%			$	5,226	2.68	%	$	333	$	(155)	$	178
Net interest margin on interest earning assets (3)					2.75	%					2.87	%
Net interest income and net interest margin - Tax equivalent basis (4)			$	5,470	2.79	%			$	5,296	2.91	%

Notes:

1) Average balances were calculated using a daily average.

2) Includes interest-bearing demand and money market accounts.

3) Net margin on interest earning assets is net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.

4) Interest on obligations of states and municipalities is not subject to federal income tax. To make the net yield comparable on a fully taxable basis, a tax equivalent adjustment is applied against the tax-exempt income utilizing a federal tax rate of 21%.

5) Non-accruing loans are included in the above table until they are charged off.

6) The change in interest due to rate and volume has been allocated to volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

7) Includes gross unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale.

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Provision for Loan Losses:

In the third quarter of 2021, a $257,000 loan loss provision credit was recorded, compared to a provision expense of $87,000 in the third quarter of 2020. Based on an analysis of the allowance of loan losses as of September 30, 2021, the decreased provision was primarily the result of continued improvement in asset quality trends and net recoveries of $76,000. Additionally, management reduced the level of risk originally established on COVID deferred loans because borrowers have shown the ability to continue making payments under contractual debt service.

Management regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and makes assessments as to specific loan impairment, charge-off expectations, general economic conditions in the Bank’s market area, specific loan quality and other factors. See the earlier discussion in the Financial Condition section explaining the information used to determine the provision.

Non-interest Income:

Non-interest income in the third quarter of 2021 was $1,306,000 compared to $1,450,000 in the third quarter of 2020, a decrease of $144,000, or 9.9%. Excluding net gains on sales and calls of securities and the change in value of equity securities, non-interest income increased $103,000, or 8.8%, in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020.

Most significantly impacting non-interest income in the comparative three month periods was a $283,000 decrease in the gain on sales and calls of securities in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020. Partially offsetting this decline in the third quarter of 2021 were increases of $39,000 in debit card fee income, $43,000 in fees derived from loan activity and $36,000 in the change in fair value of equity securities compared to the comparable 2020 period.

As a percentage of average assets, annualized non-interest income was 0.63% in the third quarter of 2021 compared to 0.74% in the third quarter of 2020. Excluding the gain on sales and calls of securities and change in value of equity securities, the percentage of average assets to annualized non-interest income was 0.61% in the third quarter of 2021 compared to 0.60% in the third quarter of 2020.

Non-interest Expense:

Non-interest expense was $4,928,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $4,925,000 for the same period in 2020, an increase of $3,000, or 0.1%.

Most significantly impacting non-interest expense in the comparative three month periods was a $109,000 increase in data processing expense in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to various technological enhancements and a $41,000 increase in FDIC insurance premiums as a result of asset growth during the last twelve months which is used in the calculation of the premiums. Partially offsetting these increases were declines in employee benefits of $62,000 due to lower health insurance costs, $57,000 in equipment expense and a $72,000 adjustment to the Pennsylvania Shares Tax liability.

As a percentage of average assets, annualized non-interest expense was 2.37% in the third quarter of 2021 compared to 2.52% in the third quarter of 2020.

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Provision for income taxes:

An income tax provision of $142,000 was recorded in the third quarter of 2021 compared to a tax provision of $58,000 recorded in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to higher taxable income recorded in the 2021 period.

The Company qualifies for a federal tax credit for low-income housing project investments, and the tax provisions for each period reflect the application of the tax credit. For the third quarters of 2021 and 2020, the tax credits were $225,000 in each period, offsetting $367,000 and $283,000 in tax expense in the 2021 and 2020 periods, respectively. For the third quarter of 2021, the tax credit lowered the effective tax rate from 18.0% to 7.0% compared to the same period in 2020, when the tax credit lowered the effective tax rate from 17.0% to 3.5%.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Operations Overview:

Net income for the first nine months of 2021 was $5,271,000, an increase of $1,022,000, or 24.1%, when compared to the first nine months of 2020, while basic and diluted earnings per share increased by 26.5%, to $1.05, during the first nine months of 2021 compared to basic and diluted earnings per share of $0.83 during the comparable 2020 period. Annualized return on average equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was 9.47%, compared to 7.45% for the same period in 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, annualized return on average assets was 0.86% in 2021, compared to 0.78% in 2020.

Presented below are selected key ratios for the two periods:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020
Return on average assets (annualized)	0.86	%	0.78	%
Return on average equity (annualized)	9.47	%	7.45	%
Average equity to average assets	9.10	%	10.48	%
Non-interest income, excluding gain/loss on sales and calls of securities and change in value of equity securities, as a percentage of average assets (annualized)	0.60	%	0.61	%
Non-interest expense, excluding long-term debt prepayment penalty, as a percentage of average assets (annualized)	2.35	%	2.57	%

The discussion that follows further explains changes in the components of net income when comparing the first nine months of 2021 to the first nine months of 2020.

Net Interest Income:

Net interest income was $15,540,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $15,345,000 recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Total interest income decreased by $382,000 during the first three quarters of 2021 compared to the first three quarters of 2020, mainly due to a decline in interest income on taxable securities and loans, while total interest expense decreased by $577,000 over the same period due to a decline in interest expense on deposits and long-term debt as $10,000,000 in FHLB long-term advances were repaid in April 2020.

Overall, average interest-earning assets increased 13.9%, while average interest-bearing liabilities increased 13.7% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. Over the same period, net interest margin, on a fully tax equivalent basis, decreased from 3.10% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to 2.76% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

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Average loan balances increased by $18,069,000, or 4.4%, during the first nine months of 2021, while interest income on loans declined by $136,000 over the same period compared to the first nine months of 2020. PPP loan origination activity was a factor in the increase in average loan balances between periods as average PPP loans were $27,897,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $18,182,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.  The increase in the average volume of loans outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased interest income by $629,000, while the 23 basis point decrease in the weighted average yield on loans decreased interest income by approximately $765,000.

The average balance of investment securities increased by $74,103,000 in the first nine months of 2021 compared to the first nine months of 2020, while interest earned on investment securities decreased $192,000. The change in the average balance increased interest income by $1,153,000, while the decline in the overall pre-tax yield of 56 basis points on the investment securities portfolio resulted in a decrease in interest income of $1,345,000.

Average earning assets increased $93,084,000 to $762,232,000, primarily due to the 30.1% increase in average investment securities and a 4.4% increase in total loans. The yield on earning assets decreased to 3.17% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from 3.68% in the same period in 2020. The average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased over the period by $67,294,000 to $559,316,000, compared to the same period in 2020. In addition, the cost to fund interest-bearing assets with interest-bearing liabilities decreased 24 basis points, to 0.60%, during the first nine months of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. The yields on earning assets and cost of funds were affected by the 225 basis point decline in the prime rate and the federal funds target range between the comparable periods of 2020 and 2021.

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The table below shows the net interest margin on a fully tax-equivalent basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis

	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021						September 30, 2020						Increase (Decrease) Due To (6)
	Average				Yield/		Average				Yield/
	Balance(1)		Interest		Rate		Balance(1)		Interest		Rate		Volume		Rate		Total
ASSETS
Interest earning assets:
Taxable loans (5)	$	396,684	$	13,680	4.61	%	$	380,913	$	13,833	4.85	%	$	574	$	(727)	$	(153)
Tax-exempt loans		30,763		691	3.00			28,465		674	3.16			55		(38)		17
Total loans		427,447		14,371	4.50			409,378		14,507	4.73			629		(765)		(136)
Taxable investment securities		314,501		3,543	1.50			240,694		3,742	2.07			1,148		(1,347)		(199)
Tax-exempt investment securities		6,165		112	2.42			5,869		105	2.39			5		2		7
Total investment securities		320,666		3,655	1.52			246,563		3,847	2.08			1,153		(1,345)		(192)
Interest bearing deposits		8,439		18	0.29			9,127		60	0.88			(5)		(37)		(42)
Federal funds sold		5,680		1	0.01			4,080		13	0.44			5		(17)		(12)
Total interest earning assets		762,232		18,045	3.17			669,148		18,427	3.68			1,782		(2,164)		(382)
Other assets (7)		54,007						56,917
Total assets	$	816,239					$	726,065
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing demand deposits (2)	$	215,489		227	0.14		$	163,834		327	0.27		$	104	$	(204)	$	(100)
Savings deposits		136,906		51	0.05			105,959		54	0.07			16		(19)		(3)
Time deposits		151,123		1,493	1.32			151,953		1,889	1.66			(10)		(386)		(396)
Short-term and long-term borrowings and other interest bearing liabilities		55,798		734	1.76			70,276		812	1.54			(168)		90		(78)
Total interest bearing liabilities		559,316		2,505	0.60			492,022		3,082	0.84			(58)		(519)		(577)
Non-interest bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits		177,646						152,664
Other		5,028						5,290
Stockholders’ equity		74,249						76,089
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	816,239					$	726,065
Net interest income and net interest rate spread			$	15,540	2.57	%			$	15,345	2.84	%	$	1,840	$	(1,645)	$	195
Net interest margin on interest earning assets (3)					2.73	%					3.06	%
Net interest income and net interest margin - Tax equivalent basis (4)			$	15,753	2.76	%			$	15,552	3.10	%

Notes:

1) Average balances were calculated using a daily average.

2) Includes interest-bearing demand and money market accounts.

3) Net margin on interest earning assets is net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.

4) Interest on obligations of states and municipalities is not subject to federal income tax. To make the net yield comparable on a fully taxable basis, a tax equivalent adjustment is applied against the tax-exempt income utilizing a federal tax rate of 21%.

5) Non-accruing loans are included in the above table until they are charged off.

6) The change in interest due to rate and volume has been allocated to volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

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7) Includes gross unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale.

Provision for Loan Losses:

In the first nine months of 2021, the provision for loan losses was a credit of $536,000, compared to a provision expense of $639,000 in the first nine months of 2020. The decline in the provision in 2021 compared to the 2020 period was due to favorable asset quality trends and $167,000 in net recoveries of previously charged-off loans. Additionally, management reduced the level of risk originally established on COVID deferred loans because borrowers have shown the ability to continue making payments under contractual debt service.

Management regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and makes assessments as to specific loan impairment, charge-off expectations, general economic conditions in the Bank’s market area, specific loan quality and other factors. See the earlier discussion in the Financial Condition section explaining the information used to determine the provision.

Non-interest Income:

Non-interest income in the first nine months of 2021 was $3,880,000 compared to $4,001,000 in the first nine months of 2020, a decrease of $121,000, or 3.0%. Excluding net gains on sales and calls of securities and the change in value of equity securities, non-interest income increased $375,000, or 11.3%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period last year.

Most significantly impacting the comparative nine month periods was a $787,000 decline in the gain on sales and calls of securities in 2021 over the comparable 2020 period due to the execution of a balance sheet strategy in 2020 that produced $845,000 in security gains to offset a $524,000 prepayment penalty on the extinguishment of long-term debt. Partially offsetting this decline were increases of $291,000 in the change in value of equity securities, $207,000 in debit card fee income and $149,000 in fees derived from loan activity during the first nine months of 2021 compared to the comparable 2020 period.

As a percentage of average assets, annualized non-interest income was 0.63% in the first nine months of 2021 compared to 0.73% in the comparable 2020 period. As a percentage of average assets, annualized non-interest income, exclusive of net gains/losses on the sales of securities and the change in value of equity securities, was 0.60% in the first nine months of 2021 compared to 0.61% in the first nine months of 2020.

Non-interest Expense:

Non-interest expense was $14,383,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $14,502,000 for the same period in 2020, a decrease of $119,000, or 0.8%.

Most significantly impacting non-interest expense in the comparative nine month periods was a $524,000 decline in long-term debt prepayment penalties as no prepayment penalty was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Additionally, equipment expense decreased by $141,000, due primarily to lower depreciation and maintenance expenses. Partially offsetting these declines between periods was an increase of $206,000 in employee compensation expense as staffing levels in the first half of 2021 returned to pre-pandemic levels compared to the comparable 2020 period when some employees were furloughed. Data processing expense also increased by $301,000 during the nine months ended

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September 30, 2021, compared to the same 2020 period, predominantly due to the expenses incurred from the launch of Juniata’s new online deposit account opening platform at the end of 2020 and other technology enhancements.

As a percentage of average assets, annualized non-interest expense was 2.35% in the first nine months of 2021 compared to 2.66% in the first nine months of 2020. Excluding the long-term debt prepayment penalty recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, annualized non-interest expense was 2.57% through the first nine months of 2020.

Provision for income taxes:

An income tax provision of $302,000 was recorded in the first nine months of 2021 compared to an income tax benefit of $44,000 recorded in the first nine months of 2020, primarily due to higher taxable income earned in the 2021 period. Additionally, under the provisions of the CARES Act, the Company recorded a tax refund in excess of its deferred tax carrying value, resulting in a $57,000 credit to income tax expense in 2020.

The Company qualifies for a federal tax credit for low-income housing project investments, and the tax provisions for each period reflected the application of the tax credit. For the first nine months of 2021 and 2020, the tax credits were $676,000 in both periods, offsetting $978,000 in tax expense recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and $632,000 in tax expense recorded in the comparable 2020 period. The tax credit lowered the effective tax rate from 17.5% to 5.4% during the first nine months of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, when the tax credit lowered the effective tax rate from 15.0% to (1.0)%.

Liquidity:

The objective of liquidity management is to ensure that sufficient funding is available, at a reasonable cost, to meet the ongoing operational cash needs of the Company and to take advantage of income producing opportunities as they arise. While the desired level of liquidity will vary depending upon a variety of factors, it is the primary goal of the Company to maintain a high level of liquidity in all economic environments. Principal sources of asset liquidity are provided by loans and securities maturing in one year or less, and other short-term investments, such as federal funds sold and cash and due from banks. Liability liquidity, which is more difficult to measure, can be met by attracting deposits and maintaining the core deposit base. The Company is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh for the purpose of providing short-term liquidity when other sources are unable to fill these needs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, overnight borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank averaged $426,000. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had no short-term borrowings, but had $35,000,000 in long-term debt with the Federal Home Loan Bank with a remaining unused borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank of $146,043,000.

The Company may use brokered deposits as an additional funding alternative. As of September 30, 2021, brokered deposits of $20,000,000 were included in total interest-bearing deposits.

Funding derived from securities sold under agreements to repurchase (accounted for as collateralized financing transactions) is available through corporate cash management accounts for business customers. This product provides the Company with the ability to pay interest on corporate checking accounts.

In view of the sources previously mentioned, management believes that the Company’s liquidity can provide the funds needed to meet operational cash needs.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements:

The Company’s consolidated financial statements do not reflect various off-balance sheet arrangements that are made in the normal course of business, which may involve some liquidity risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk. These commitments consist mainly of loans approved but not yet funded, unused lines of credit and outstanding letters of credit. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third-party.

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Generally, financial and performance letters of credit have expiration dates within one year of issuance, while commercial letters of credit have longer term commitments. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the risks that are involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company generally holds collateral and/or personal guarantees supporting these commitments. The Company had $3,869,000 and $2,251,000 of financial and performance letters of credit commitments outstanding as of September 30, 2021. The Company had $3,991,000 and $2,379,000 of financial and performance letters of credit commitments outstanding as of December 31, 2020. Commercial letters of credit as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 totaled $13,475,000 and $6,975,000, respectively. The increase between periods was predominantly due to a $6,000,000 commercial letter of credit extended to a customer in the third quarter of 2021.

Management believes the proceeds obtained through a liquidation of collateral and the enforcement of guarantees would be sufficient to cover the potential amount of future payments required under the corresponding letters of credit. The current amount of the liability as of September 30, 2021 for payments under letters of credit issued was not material. Because these instruments have fixed maturity dates, and because many of them will expire without being drawn upon, they do not generally present any significant liquidity risk.

Additionally, the Company has sold qualifying residential mortgage loans to the FHLB as part of its Mortgage Partnership Finance Program (“Program”). Under the terms of the Program, there is limited recourse back to the Company for loans that do not perform in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. Each loan sold under the Program is “credit enhanced” such that the individual loan’s rating is raised to “BBB”, as determined by the FHLB. The Program can be terminated by either the FHLB or the Company, without cause. The FHLB has no obligation to commit to purchase any mortgage through, or from, the Company.

Interest Rate Sensitivity:

Interest rate sensitivity management is overseen by the Asset/Liability Management Committee. This process involves the development and implementation of strategies to maximize net interest margin, while minimizing the earnings risk associated with changing interest rates. Traditional gap analysis identifies the maturity and re-pricing terms of all assets and liabilities. A simulation analysis is used to assess earnings and capital at risk from movements in interest rates.

Capital Adequacy:

Bank regulatory authorities in the United States issue risk-based capital standards. These capital standards relate a banking company’s capital to the risk profile of its assets and provide the basis by which all banking companies and banks are evaluated in terms of capital adequacy.

The Basel III risk-based capital standards require financial institutions to maintain: (a) a minimum ratio of common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, (b) a minimum ratio of tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%; (c) a minimum ratio of total (that is, tier 1 plus tier 2) capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%); and (d) a minimum leverage ratio of 3.0%, calculated as the ratio of tier 1 capital balance sheet exposures plus certain off-balance sheet exposures (computed as the average for each quarter of the month-end ratios for the quarter). In addition, the rules also limit a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above the minimum standards stated in (a) - (c) above.

The CARES Act requires banking organizations to apply a zero percent risk weight to PPP covered loans for risk-based capital requirement purposes. In addition, because of the non-recourse nature of the Federal Reserve's extension of credit to the banking organization, the banking organization is not exposed to credit or market risk from the pledged PPP covered loans. Therefore, pledged PPP covered loans are excluded from the banking organization's regulatory capital.

At September 30, 2021, the Bank exceeded the regulatory requirements to be considered a "well capitalized" financial institution under Basel III.

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The Company’s principal source of funds for dividend payments is dividends received from the Bank. Certain regulatory restrictions exist regarding the ability of the Bank to transfer funds to the Company in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances. At September 30, 2021, $37,082,000 in undistributed earnings of the Bank, included in the consolidated stockholders’ equity, was available for distribution to the Company as dividends without prior regulatory approval, subject to regulatory capital requirements.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of September 30, 2021, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), Rule 13a-15(e). Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Company reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. These controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential conditions, regardless of how remote.

Attached as Exhibits 31 and 32 to this quarterly report are certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act. This portion of the Company’s quarterly report includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications and should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2021, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.         LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the opinion of management of the Company, there are no legal or governmental proceedings pending to which the Company or its subsidiary is a party or to which its property is subject, which, if determined adversely to the Company or its subsidiary, would be material in relation to the Company’s or its subsidiary’s financial condition. There are no proceedings pending other than ordinary routine litigation incident to the business of the Company or its subsidiary. In addition, no material proceedings are pending or are known to be threatened or contemplated against the Company or its subsidiary by government authorities.

Item 1A.      RISK FACTORS

There have been no other material changes to the risk factors that were disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 2.         UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The Company periodically repurchases shares of its common stock under the share repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors. In December of 2016, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 200,000 shares of its common stock through its share repurchase program. The program will remain authorized until all approved shares are repurchased, unless terminated by the Board of Directors. As of November 15, 2021, 9,307 shares remained available to purchase under that program as 11,484 shares were repurchased in October 2021. Transactions pursuant to the repurchase program in the three month period ended September 30, 2021 are shown below.

				Total Number of
	Total Number			Shares Purchased as	Maximum Number of
	of Shares	Average		Part of Publicly	Shares that May Yet Be
	Purchased or Restricted	Price Paid		Announced Plans or	Purchased Under the
Period	Shares Forfeited	per Share		Programs	Plans or Programs (1)
July 1-31, 2021	—	$	—	—	20,791
August 1-31, 2021	—		—	—	20,791
September 1-30, 2021	—		—	—	20,791
Totals	—			—	20,791

No repurchase plan or program expired during the quarter. The Company has no stock repurchase plan or program that it has determined to terminate prior to expiration or under which it does not intend to make further purchases.

Item 3.         DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable

Item 4.         MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

Item 5.         OTHER INFORMATION

None

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Item 6.        EXHIBITS

3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 12, 2015)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2019)
31.1	Rule 13a – 14(a)/15d – 14(a) Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer
31.2	Rule 13a – 14(a)/15d – 14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1	Section 1350 Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer
32.2	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Juniata Valley Financial Corp.
		(Registrant)
Date:	NOVEMBER 15, 2021	By:	/s/ Marcie A. Barber
			Marcie A. Barber, President
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	November 15, 2021	By:	/s/ JoAnn N. McMinn
			JoAnn N. McMinn
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Accounting Officer and
			Principal Financial Officer)

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