Applied DNA Sciences (APDN) 10-Q 2019 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from          to

Commission File Number: 001-36745

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	59-2262718
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
50 Health Sciences Drive
Stony Brook, New York	11790
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

631-240-8800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x   Yes    ¨    No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

x   Yes    ¨   No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 

Large accelerated filer¨	Accelerated filer¨
Non-accelerated filerx	Smaller reporting companyx
	Emerging Growth Company¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

¨   Yes    x   No

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value	APDN	The NASDAQ Capital Market
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	APDNW	The NASDAQ Capital Market

At April 30, 2019 the registrant had 37,885,157 shares of common stock outstanding.

Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2019

Table of Contents

	Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1 - Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30
Item 4 - Controls and Procedures	31
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION	32
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A – Risk Factors	32
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities	32
Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures	32
Item 5 – Other Information	32
Item 6 – Exhibits	33

2

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1 - Financial Statements.

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2019			September 30, 2018
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,541,141		$	1,659,564
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $4,500 and $13,133 at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018		316,204			1,485,938
Inventories		314,675			221,369
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		591,069			635,174
Total current assets		2,763,089			4,002,045
Property and equipment, net		315,751			419,774
Other assets:
Deposits		62,371			62,325
Goodwill		285,386			285,386
Intangible assets, net		799,487			864,203
Total Assets	$	4,226,084		$	5,633,733
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (including related parties interest of $16,866 and $5,844 at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively)	$	1,014,291		$	965,167
Deferred revenue		1,205,469			1,856,693
Total current liabilities		2,219,760			2,821,860
Long term accrued liabilities		546,114			470,739
Secured convertible notes payable, net of debt issuance costs (including related parties of $1,731,591 and $1,139,490 at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively)		2,194,568			1,586,631
Total Liabilities		4,960,442			4,879,230
Commitments and contingencies (see Note H)
Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018		—			—
Series A Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018		—			—
Series B Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018		—			—
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 37,735,157 and 30,112,057 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively		37,735			30,112
Additional paid in capital		253,021,844			249,090,474
Accumulated deficit		(253,793,937	)		(248,366,083	)
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity		(734,358	)		754,503
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity	$	4,226,084		$	5,633,733

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

3

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues:
Product revenues	$	171,261		$	486,341		$	493,137		$	836,474
Service revenues		607,207			557,605			1,169,654			855,149
Total revenues		778,468			1,043,946			1,662,791			1,691,623
Cost of revenues		133,141			372,153			286,626			703,593
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		2,528,914			1,996,604			5,611,295			4,589,759
Research and development		651,377			669,813			1,360,941			1,409,880
Depreciation and amortization		97,673			145,280			232,724			302,928
Total operating expenses		3,277,964			2,811,697			7,204,960			6,302,567
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(2,632,637	)		(2,139,904	)		(5,828,795	)		(5,314,537	)
Other income (expense):
Interest (expense) income, net (including related parties interest of $25,840 and $49,310 for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively)		(37,417	)		-			(69,028	)		-
Other expense		(16,703	)		(6,305	)		(23,254	)		(15,385	)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(2,686,757	)		(2,146,209	)		(5,921,077	)		(5,329,922	)
Provision for income taxes		—			—			—			—
NET LOSS	$	(2,686,757	)	$	(2,146,209	)	$	(5,921,077	)	$	(5,329,922	)
Net loss per share-basic and diluted	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.16	)	$	(0.18	)
Weighted average shares outstanding- Basic and diluted		33,399,597			30,112,057			36,384,939			28,879,804

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

4

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

For the Six Month Period Ended March 31, 2019
	Common Shares		Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Total
Balance, October 1, 2018		30,112,057	$	30,112	$	249,090,474	$	(248,366,083	)	$	754,503
Common stock issued in public offering, net of offering costs		5,500,000		5,500		2,256,871		-			2,262,371
Impact of adoption of new accounting pronouncements included in accumulated deficit		-		-		-		493,223			493,223
Stock based compensation expense		-		-		490,244		-			490,244
Net loss		-		-		-		(3,234,320	)		(3,234,320	)
Balance, December 31, 2018		35,612,057		35,612		251,837,589		(251,107,180	)		766,021
Common stock issued in public offering, net of offering costs		500,000		500		200,720		-			201,220
Exercise of warrants		1,623,100		1,623		716,441		-			718,064
Stock based compensation expense		-		-		267,094		-			267,094
Net loss		-		-		-		(2,686,757	)		(2,686,757	)
Balance, March 31, 2019		37,735,157		37,735		253,021,844		(253,793,937	)		(734,358	)

For the Six Month Period Ended March 31, 2018
	Common Shares		Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Total
Balance, October 1, 2017		27,377,057	$	27,377	$	243,503,858		$	(236,673,155	)	$	6,858,080
Common stock issued in private placement, net of offering costs		2,735,000		2,735		4,230,154			-			4,232,889
Stock based compensation expense		-		-		231,113			-			231,113
Net loss		-		-		-			(3,183,713	)		(3,183,713	)
Balance, December 31, 2017		30,112,057		30,112		247,965,125			(239,856,868	)		8,138,369
Stock based compensation expense (benefit)		-		-		(285,045	)		-			(285,045	)
Net loss		-		-		-			(2,146,209	)		(2,146,209	)
Balance, March 31, 2018		30,112,057	$	30,112	$	247,680,080		$	(242,003,077	)	$	5,707,115

5

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(5,921,077	)	$	(5,329,922	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		232,724			302,928
Stock-based compensation		757,338			(53,932	)
Amortization of debt issuance costs		9,120			-
Provision for bad debts		(8,633	)		17,117
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		1,178,367			1,045,136
Inventories		(93,306	)		32,630
Prepaid expenses and other current assets and deposits		37,393			(209,269	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		157,493			62,945
Deferred revenue		(151,444	)		852,616
Net cash used in operating activities		(3,802,025	)		(3,279,751	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(63,986	)		(203,516	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(63,986	)		(203,516	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from Promissory notes (related parties $550,000)		550,000			-
Net proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants		2,479,524			4,232,888
Net proceeds from exercise of warrants		718,064			-
Net cash provided by financing activities		3,747,588			4,232,888
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(118,423	)		749,621
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,659,564			2,959,781
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	1,541,141		$	3,709,402
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during period for interest	$	—		$	—
Cash paid during period for income taxes	$	—		$	—
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Impact of adoption of new accounting pronouncements included in accumulated deficit	$	493,223		$	-
Interest paid in kind (related party of $35,550)	$	48,816		$	-
Offering costs incurred, and included in accounts payable	$	15,933		$	-
Property and equipment acquired, and included in accounts payable	$	-		$	15,000

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

6

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

General

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2019 and for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and are presented in accordance with the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 contained herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2018, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.

Business and Basis of Presentation

The Company is principally devoted to developing and marketing DNA technology solutions in the United States, Europe and Asia. These solutions are used in, among other things, supply chain security, brand protection and drug and biologic applications. To date, the Company has produced limited recurring revenues from its products and services and has incurred expenses and has sustained losses. Consequently, its operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment and development of a biotechnology company.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, APDN (B.V.I.) Inc., Applied DNA Sciences Europe Limited, Applied DNA Sciences India Private Limited, and LineaRx, Inc. (“LRx”). Significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Inventories

Inventories, which consist primarily of raw materials, and finished goods, is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting standard updates which clarified principles for recognizing revenue arising from contracts with customers (ASC 606) and superseded most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance applies a five-step model for revenue measurement and recognition and also requires increased disclosures including the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows related to contracts with clients.

7

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Revenue Recognition, continued

The Company adopted the new revenue standard at the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption and applied the guidance to those contracts that were not completed as of September 30, 2018. Comparative financial information for reporting periods beginning prior to October 1, 2018, has not been restated and continues to be reported under the previous reporting guidance. Under the modified retrospective method of adoption, the cumulative effect of applying the new standard is recorded at the date of initial application, with no restatement of the comparative prior periods presented.Based on the evaluation, the Company has identified certain customer contracts, which will require different recognition under the new guidance. The Company has determined that the revenue under certain of its research and development contracts should be recognized on an over time basis using the input method as compared to ratably over the contract term. Also, the shipment to the Company’s cotton customer during fiscal 2018 that included extended payment terms and was included in deferred revenue as of September 30, 2018, would have met the criteria under the new guidance to be recognized as revenue upon shipment. The Company has determined that the cumulative adjustment to opening retained earnings in fiscal 2019 was approximately $494,000.

The Company measures revenue at the amounts that reflect the consideration to which it is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring control of goods and services to customers. The Company recognizes revenue either at the point in time or over the period of time that performance obligations to customers are satisfied. The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations (e.g. taggants, maintenance, authentication services, research and development services, etc.). For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenues to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price.

Under the new accounting guidance, the Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive for those goods or services, including any variable consideration.

Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, it has elected to apply the practical expedients under Topic 606 to: (1) expense as incurred, incremental costs of obtaining a contract and (2) not adjust the consideration for the effects of a significant financing component for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.   

Impact of Adoption

A summary and discussion of such cumulative effect adjustment and the impact on current period financial statements of adopting Topic 606 is as follows:

	Three months ended March 31, 2019 (unaudited)
	prior U.S. GAAP			Topic 606 impact			as reported
Statement of Operations
Revenues
Product	$	554,357		$	(383,096	)	$	171,261
Service		663,816			(56,609	)		607,207
Total revenues		1,218,173			(439,705	)		778,468
Cost of revenues		136,474			(3,333	)		133,141
Loss from operations		(2,196,265	)		(436,372	)		(2,632,637	)

	Six months ended March 31, 2019 (unaudited)
	prior U.S. GAAP			Topic 606 impact			as reported
Statement of Operations
Revenues
Product	$	1,259,329		$	(766,192	)	$	493,137
Service		1,233,891			(64,237	)		1,169,654
Total revenues		2,493,220			(830,429	)		1,662,791
Cost of revenues		293,293			(6,667	)		286,626
Loss from operations		(5,005,032	)		(823,763	)		(5,828,795	)
Assets
Prepaids and other current assets	$	597,736		$	(6,667	)	$	591,069
Liabilities and stockholder's equity
Deferred Revenue	$	875,232		$	330,237		$	1,205,469
Accumulated Deficit		(253,463,700	)		(330,237	)		(253,793,937	)

8

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Revenue Recognition, continued

Product Revenues and Authentication Services

The Company’s PCR-produced linear DNA products, including molecular taggants are manufactured in accordance with contracts with customers. The Company recognizes revenue upon satisfying its promises to transfer goods or services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company transfers control of the goods to the customer, which in nearly all cases is when title to and risk of loss of the goods transfer to the customer. The timing of transfer of title and risk of loss is dictated by customary or explicitly stated contract terms. The Company does not consider payment terms a performance obligation for customers with contractual terms that are one year or less and has elected the practical expedient. Nearly all of the Company’s sales contracts reflect market pricing at the time the contract is executed, are one year or less, and generally provide for shipment within 30 to 60 days after the price has been agreed upon with the customer. We invoice customers upon shipment, and our collection terms range, on average from 30-60 days

The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from these customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during the first and fourth quarters of the Company’s fiscal year.

Authentication Services

The Company recognizes revenue for authentication services upon satisfying its promises to services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company services are complete, which in nearly all cases is when the authentication report is released to the customer.

Research and Development Services

The Company records revenue for its research and development contracts using the over-time revenue recognition model as a customer is invoiced or performance is satisfied. Revenue is primarily measured using the cost-to-cost method, which the Company believes best depicts the transfer of control to the customer.  Under the cost-to-cost method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to the total estimated costs expected upon satisfying the identified performance obligation.

9

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Revenue Recognition, continued

Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. For contracts where the total costs cannot be estimated, revenues are recognized for the actual costs incurred during a period until the remaining costs to complete a contract can be estimated. The Company has elected to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenues disaggregated by our business operations and timing of revenue recognition:

	Three Month Period Ended:
	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Research and development services (over-time)	$	559,568	$	476,623
Product and authentication services (point-in-time):
Supply chain		20,234		136,965
Asset marking		158,078		239,646
Large scale DNA production		40,588		190,712
Total	$	778,468	$	1,043,946

	Six Month Period Ended:
	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Research and development services (over-time)	$	1,057,917	$	698,488
Product and authentication services (point-in-time):
Supply chain		244,983		206,817
Asset marking		319,303		487,668
Large scale DNA production		40,588		298,650
Total	$	1,662,791	$	1,691,623

Contract balances

As of March 31, 2019, the Company has entered into contracts with customers for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Consideration received from a customer prior to revenue recognition is recorded to a contract liability and is recognized as revenue when the Company satisfies the related performance obligations under the terms of the contract. The Company’s contract liabilities, which are reported as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, consist almost entirely of research and development contracts where consideration has been received and the development services have not yet been fully performed.

10

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Revenue Recognition, continued

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract balances are as follows:

	Balance sheet classification	October 1, 2018		March 31, 2019		$ change
Contract liabilities	Deferred revenue	$	1,356,502	$	1,205,469	$	(151,033	)

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized $407,788 and $737,323 of revenue that was included in Contract liabilities as of October 1, 2018.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most complex and subjective estimates include revenue recognition, recoverability of long-lived assets, including the values assigned to goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment, fair value calculations for stock-based compensation, allowance for doubtful accounts and management’s anticipated liquidity. Management reviews its estimates on a regular basis and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company estimates the degree to which tax assets and credit carry forwards will result in a benefit based on expected profitability by tax jurisdiction.

In its interim financial statements, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270, “Interim Reporting” and ASC 740 “Income Taxes”, whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective tax rate in determining its income tax provisions for the interim periods. That rate differs from U.S. statutory rates primarily as a result of valuation allowance related to the Company’s net operating loss carryforward as a result of the historical losses of the Company.

Net Loss Per Share

The Company presents loss per share utilizing a dual presentation of basic and diluted loss per share. Basic loss per share includes no dilution and has been calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive common stock equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of the Company’s stock options and warrants.

For the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of the diluted loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

11

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Net Loss Per Share, continued

Securities that could potentially dilute basic net income per share in the future were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows: 

	2019		2018
Warrants		16,885,427		12,271,686
Stock options		6,458,194		5,320,308
		23,343,621		17,591,994

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation for employees and directors in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and are recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The fair value of the Company’s common stock options are estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. The Company expenses stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 718 and, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified as cash flows from operating activities. All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services, as prescribed by ASC 718-10, at either the fair value of the services rendered or the instruments issued in exchange for such services, whichever is more readily determinable, using the measurement date guidelines enumerated in ASU 2018-07.

Concentrations

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. 

The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 included an aggregate of 31% and 14% from two customers, respectively. The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the six month period ended March 31, 2019 included an aggregate of 29%, 15%, 14% and 10% from four customers, respectively.

The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 included an aggregate of 10%, 12%, 15%, 17% and 22% from five customers, respectively. The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the six month period ended March 31, 2018 included an aggregate of 11%, 18%, and 28% from three customers, respectively.

Three customers accounted for 70% of the Company’s accounts receivable at March 31, 2019 and one customer accounted for 82% of the Company’s accounts receivable at September 30, 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-18,” Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606” (“ASU 2018-18”). The amendments in this update clarify that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606. ASU 2018-18 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted.The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2018-18 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

12

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting”, which addresses aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition approach. The cumulative -effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not material.

In July 2017, the FASB issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In May 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting”, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). The purpose of the amendment is to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. For public entities, the amendments in ASU 2017-04 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2017-04 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods and is to be applied utilizing a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

13

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE B — LIQUIDITY AND MANAGEMENT’S PLAN

The Company has recurring net losses, which have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $253,793,937 as of March 31, 2019. The Company incurred for the six month period ended March 31, 2019 a net loss of $5,921,077 and incurred negative operating cash flow of $3,802,025. The Company also had working capital of $543,329 and cash and cash equivalents of $1,541,141 as of March 31, 2019. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the financial statements. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to further implement its business plan, raise capital, and generate revenues. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

The Company’s current capital resources include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and inventories. Historically, the Company has financed its operations principally from the sale of equity and equity-linked securities.

On January 29, 2019 and January 30, 2019 the Company received written notices from the Listing Qualifications Department of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying it that the Company was not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirements as well as the market value of listed securities requirements, or the alternative standards of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) or 5550(b)(3) which require the Company to have minimum stockholders equity of $2.5 million or for it to have had net income from continuing operations of at least $500 thousand in the latest fiscal year or in two of the three last fiscal years. These notices do not impact the Company’s listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market at this time. Both notification letters state that the Company has 180 calendar days, or until July 29, 2019 to regain compliance. There is the possibility for an additional 180-day compliance period for the minimum bid price compliance violation. However, no additional compliance period is applicable to the market value of listed securities or alternative standards noncompliance.

The Company intends to monitor the closing bid price of its common stock and may, if appropriate, consider implementing available options, including, but not limited to, implementing a reverse stock split of its outstanding securities, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The Company will also consider available options to resolve the other listing deficiencies and regain compliance with all applicable Nasdaq rules.

NOTE C — INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following:

	March 31, 2019		September 30, 2018
	(unaudited)
Raw materials	$	215,735	$	147,984
Finished goods		98,940		73,385
Total	$	314,675	$	221,369

14

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE D — ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are as follows:

	March 31, 2019		September 30, 2018
	(unaudited)
Accounts payable	$	641,697	$	500,849
Accrued salaries payable		272,318		401,130
Other accrued expenses		100,276		63,188
Total	$	1,014,291	$	965,167

NOTE E- SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE

On August 31, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with accredited investors and certain members of its management team and Board of Directors (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $1,650,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes (the “August 31^st Notes”) bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum. As part of the August 31^st Notes, the Company’s management and Board of Directors purchased August 31^st Notes with a principal amount of $1,185,000.  

The August 31^st Notes are convertible, in whole or in part, at any time, at the option of the Purchasers, into shares of the Company’s common stock, in an amount determined by dividing the principal amount of each August 31^st Note, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest, by the conversion price of $2.50. The Company has the right to require the Purchasers to convert all or any part of their August 31^st Notes into shares of its Common Stock at a conversion price of $2.50 if the price of the Common Stock remains at a closing price of $3.50 or more for a period of twenty consecutive trading days.

Upon any Change in Control (as defined in the August 31^st Notes), the Purchasers have the right to require the Company to redeem the August 31^st Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such August 31^st Notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest.

The August 31^st Notes contain certain events of default that are customarily included in financing of this nature. If an event of default occurs, the Purchasers may require the Company to redeem the August 31^st Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to such notes’ outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest.

The August 31^st Notes bear interest at the rate of 6% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash or in kind, at the Company’s option, and are due and payable in full on August 30, 2021. Until the principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the August 31^st Notes is paid in full, or converted into shares of common stock pursuant to their terms, the Company’s obligations under the August 31^st Notes will be secured by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company (excluding certain cash accounts) and the assets of APDN (B.V.I.) Inc.

The Company has also entered into a registration rights agreement, dated as of the date of the Purchase Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), with the Purchasers, pursuant to which it has agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) resales from time to time of the common stock issued or issuable upon conversion or redemption of the August 31st Notes. The Company is required to file a registration statement within 60 days of receiving a demand registration request from holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the August 31^st Notes, and to cause the registration statement to be declared effective within 45 days (or 90 days if the registration statement is reviewed by the SEC).

On November 29, 2018, the Company closed a securities purchase agreement with its chairman, president and chief executive officer and one member of the management team, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of $550,000 in principal amount of secured convertible notes bearing interest at a rate of 6% per annum (the “November 29^th Notes”). The November 29^th Notes are substantially similar to the Company’s August 31 Notes except with respect to maturity date, which is November 28, 2021 The November 29^th Notes are secured on a pari passu basis with the same Company assets as the August 31st Notes.

15

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE E- SECURED CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE (continued)

The Company recorded $64,848 to debt issuance costs based on the cost incurred to complete the financing. During the three and six month period ended March 31, 2019 the Company amortized $4,630 and $9,120 of debt issuance costs resulting in unamortized debt issuance costs of $54,248 and the secured notes payable of $2,194,568 at March 31, 2019. The debt issuance cost will be amortized over the life of the Notes. During the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019, the Company incurred approximately $32,788 and $59,908 of interest expense. The effective interest for the three and six month period ended March 31, 2019 was 7.0%.

On February 28, 2019, the Company reclassified $48,816 from accrued liabilities to senior secured notes payable to represent interest due to noteholders that was paid in kind and therefore increasing the convertible note balance outstanding at March 31, 2019.

NOTE F — CAPITAL STOCK

On December 21, 2018, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Agreement”) with Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”), as the sole underwriter and book running manager, with respect to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 5,500,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, together with warrants to purchase an aggregate of 5,500,000 shares of common stock (the “Warrants”) at an exercise price equal to $0.50 per share of common stock (the “Exercise Price”) in an underwritten public offering. The public offering price for each Share together with the accompanying Warrant was $0.50. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company also granted Maxim a 45-day option to purchase an additional 825,000 Shares and/or additional Warrants to purchase 825,000 Shares to cover any over-allotments made by the underwriters in the sale and distribution of the Shares and Warrants. The gross proceeds of the offering, before deducting underwriter discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, are $2,750,000, or approximately $3,162,500 if the underwriters exercise in full their overallotment option. The offering closed on December 26, 2018. On December 26, 2018, Maxim partially exercised its overallotment option and purchased an additional 800,000 Warrants at a price of $0.0000001 per Warrant.

After deducting underwriting fees and other expenses related to the offering, the aggregate net proceeds were approximately $2,262,000.

The Warrants are immediately exercisable beginning on the date of issuance (the “Initial Exercise Date”). The Warrants will be exercisable for five years from the Initial Exercise Date, but not thereafter.

The Warrants include an adjustment provision that, subject to certain exceptions, reduces their exercise price if the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the then-current exercise price of the Warrants, subject to a minimum exercise price of $0.14 per share. The exercise price and number of the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants will be subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described therein. In addition, on or after any trading day 75 days after the closing date of the offering, if the daily volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock fails to exceed the Exercise Price, the aggregate number of warrant shares issuable in a cashless exercise shall equal the product of (i) the aggregate number of warrant shares that would be issuable upon exercise of the Warrants if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise and (ii) 0.70.

As a result of this financing, the exercise price of the 2,735,000 warrants issued during December 2017 was reduced to an exercise price of $0.44 per share in accordance with the adjustment provision contained in the warrant agreement. The incremental change in fair value of these warrants as a result of the triggering event was insignificant.

On January 25, 2019, the Company closed on the underwriters’ partial exercise of its over-allotment option for 500,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $250,000. After deducting underwriting fees and other expenses related to the over-allotment option, the aggregate net proceeds were approximately $201,000.

The total number of common stock and Warrants issued under this offering, including the exercise of the over-allotment option was 6,000,000 and 6,300,000, respectively. The gross proceeds to us were $3.0 million and net proceeds after deducting underwriting expenses and other estimated offering expenses was approximately $2.5 million.

16

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE G — STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

Warrants

The following table summarizes the changes in warrants outstanding. These warrants were granted in lieu of cash compensation for services performed or financing expenses in connection with the sales of the Company’s common stock.

Transactions involving warrants (see Note F) are summarized as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance at October 1, 2018		12,208,527		$	3.24
Granted		9,035,000			0.48
Exercised		(1,623,100	)		0.44
Cancelled or expired		(2,735,000	)		3.00
Balance at March 31, 2019		16,885,427		$	2.24

Stock Options

In 2005, the Board of Directors and the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock approved the 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended and restated as of January 21, 2015 (the “Incentive Plan”). The number of shares of common stock that can be issued as stock awards and stock options thereunder is an aggregate of 8,333,333 shares and the number of shares of common stock that can be covered by awards made to any participant in any calendar year is 833,334 shares. The Incentive Plan’s expiration date is January 25, 2025.

The Incentive Plan is designed to retain directors, executives, and selected employees and consultants by rewarding them for making contributions to the Company's success with an award of options to purchase shares of common stock. As of March 31, 2019, a total of 275,752 shares have been issued and options to purchase 6,979,095 shares have been granted under the Incentive Plan.

Transactions involving stock options issued to employees and consultants are summarized as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share			Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding at October 1, 2018		6,183,214		$	3.13
Granted		1,578,570			4.48
Exercised		-			-
Cancelled or expired		(1,303,590	)		(5.63	)
Outstanding at March 31, 2019		6,458,194		$	2.95					6.72
Vested at March 31, 2019		6,338,547		$	2.96		$	-		6.71
Non-vested at March 31, 2019		119,647		$	2.54		$	-

17

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE G — STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (continued)

The Company uses the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model to determine the fair value of options granted. The following significant weighted average assumptions in the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model were utilized to estimate the fair value of share based payment awards during the six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

	Six Month Period Ended March 31, 2019			Six Month Period Ended March 31, 2018
Stock price	$	1.14		$	1.57
Exercise price	$	4.47		$	1.57
Expected term, years		2.95			4.87
Dividend yield		-	%		-	%
Volatility		77	%		94	%
Risk free rate		2.8	%		2.6	%

The Company recorded an expense of $267,094 and benefit of $285,045 as stock compensation for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively which are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company recorded expense of $757,338 and benefit of $53,932 as stock compensation expense for the six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  As of March 31, 2019, unrecorded compensation cost related to non-vested awards was $144,331, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.79 years. The weighted average grant date fair value per share for options granted during the six month period ended March 31, 2019 was $0.19.

NOTE H — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases

The Company leases office space under an operating lease in Stony Brook, New York for its corporate headquarters. The lease is for a 30,000 square foot building. The term of the lease commenced on June 15, 2013 and expired on May 31, 2016, with the option to extend the lease for two additional three-year periods. The Company has exercised its option to extend the lease for one additional three-year period ending May 31, 2019. The base rent during the additional three-year period is $458,098 per annum. In addition to the office space, the Company also has 1,500 square feet of laboratory space. The term of the lease commenced on November 1, 2015 and expired on October 31, 2018. Effective November 20, 2017, the Company renewed this lease for one additional year, ending October 31, 2018. This lease is currently month to month. The Company set up a satellite testing facility in Ahmedabad, India during fiscal 2018. On November 17, 2017, it leased 1,108 square feet for a three-year term beginning November 1, 2017. The base rent is approximately $6,500 per annum.

Total rent expense for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019 were $129,228 and $258,422, respectively. Total rent expense for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018 were $138,076 and $271,293, respectively. 

Employment Agreement

The Company has an employment agreement with Dr. James Hayward, its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) effective July 1, 2016. The initial term was through June 30, 2017, with automatic one-year renewal periods. As of June 30, 2018, the employment contract renewed for an additional year. Under the agreement, the CEO will be eligible for a special cash incentive bonus of up to $800,000, $300,000 of which will be payable if and when annual revenue reaches $8 million and $100,000 of which would be payable for each $2 million of annual revenue in excess of $8 million.  The CEO's annual base salary as of March 31, 2019 under the agreement (including voluntary salary reductions) is currently $250,000.

18

APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

NOTE H — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (continued)

Effective March 15, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, approved a bonus of $121,125 that would be payable to the CEO when the Company reaches $3,000,000 in revenues for two consecutive quarters or $12,000,000 in revenues for a fiscal year, provided that the CEO is still employed by the Company on such date (the “Revenue Bonus”).

Effective May 2, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, increased the amount of the Revenue Bonus to $403,623. Effective December 27, 2018, the compensation committee approved an additional bonus opportunity of $150,000 for the calendar year-ended December 31, 2019 that would be payable to the CEO under the same terms as described above.

The accrual for the Revenue Bonus of $514,646 is recorded to long term accrued liabilities on the balance sheet as of March 31, 2019.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. When the Company is aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company will record a liability for the loss. In addition to the estimated loss, the recorded liability includes probable and estimable legal costs associated with the claim or potential claim. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. There is no pending litigation involving the Company at this time.

NOTE I– GEOGRAPHIC AREA INFORMATION

Net revenues by geographic location of customers are as follows: 

Three Month Period Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
United States	$	335,027	$	231,392
Europe		221,691		378,834
Asia and other		221,750		433,720
Total	$	778,468	$	1,043,946

Six Month Period Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
United States	$	902,243	$	524,122
Europe		372,360		570,662
Asia and other		388,188		596,839
Total	$	1,662,791	$	1,691,623

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Item 2. — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (including but not limited to this Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are intended to qualify for the “safe harbor” created by those sections. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements in other documents filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and our management and other representatives may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and include, but are not limited to, statements using terminology such as “can”, “may”, “could”, “should”, “assume”, “forecasts”, “believe”, “designated to”, “will”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “potential”, “position”, “predicts”, “strategy”, “guidance”, “intend”, “budget”, “seek”, “project” or “continue”, or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they:

● discuss our future expectations;

● contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial condition; and

● state other “forward-looking” information.

We believe it is important to communicate our expectations. However, forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Accordingly, our actual results and the timing of certain events may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors and risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth in this Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report, those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, as amended, and the following factors and risks:

· our ability to continue as a going concern;

· our lack of significant revenues;

· our limited experience in marketing our large-scale PCR manufacturing platform;

· our history of net losses, which may continue, and our potential inability to achieve profitability;

· the possibility that we may require additional financing, which may involve the issuance of additional shares of common stock or securities exercisable or convertible into common stock and dilute the percentage of ownership held by our current stockholders;

· difficulty in obtaining or inability to obtain, additional financing if such financing becomes necessary;

● failure to maintain the listing on, or the delisting of our securities from, The NASDAQ Capital Market in light of the delisting notices we received from NASDAQ;

· the possibility we may fail to make timely payment on our secured convertible notes and, as a result, the noteholders enforcing their remedies and ultimately realizing on their collateral which includes substantially all of our assets, including our intellectual property;

20

· volatility in the price and/or trading volume of our common stock;

· future short selling and/or manipulation of the price of our common stock;

· our inability to implement our short and long-term strategies;

· competition from products and services provided by other companies, including competition in the principal markets for our drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA;

· potential difficulties and failures in manufacturing our products;

· loss of strategic relationships;

· dependence on a limited number of key customers;

· lack of acceptance of our products and services by potential customers;

· potential failure to introduce new products and services;

· difficulty or failure in expanding/and or maintaining our sales, marketing and support organizations and our distribution arrangements necessary to enable us to reach our goals with respect to increasing market acceptance of our products and services;

· seasonality in revenues related to our cotton customer contracts;

· shifting enforcement priorities of U.S. federal laws relating to cannabis;  

· inability of our collaborators, licensees, and customers to develop, obtain approval for and successfully commercialize products that incorporate our technology;  

· inability of us, our collaborators, or customers to develop and timely manufacture complex biologic products and their components to exacting quality and safety standards;

· inability to attract and retain qualified scientific, production and managerial personnel, including of Dr. Hayward, our Chief Executive Officer;

· conflicts of interest with affiliates and related parties with whom we have engaged or entered into transactions;  

· inability to compete effectively in the industries in which we operate;

· lack of success in our research and development efforts for new products;

· failure to manage our growth in operations and acquisitions of new technologies and businesses;

· inability to protect our intellectual property rights;

· intellectual property litigation against us or other legal actions or proceedings in which we may become involved;

· unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential data (including customer data) and cybersecurity breaches; and

· adverse changes in worldwide or domestic economic, political or business conditions.

All forward-looking statements and risk factors included in this Quarterly Report are made as of the date hereof, and all forward-looking statements and risk factors included in documents incorporated herein by reference are made as of their original date, in each case based on information available to us as of the date hereof, or in the case of documents incorporated by reference, the original date of any such document, and we assume no obligations to update any forward-looking statement or risk factor, unless we are required to do so by law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make updates with respect to other forward-looking statements or that we will make any further updates to those forward-looking statements at any future time.

21

Forward-looking statements may include our plans and objectives for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to our products and our future economic performance, projections, business strategy and timing and likelihood of success. Assumptions relating to the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, future business decisions, and the time and money required to successfully complete development and commercialization of our technologies, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control.

Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report could prove inaccurate and, therefore, we cannot assure you that any of the results or events contemplated in any of such forward-looking statements will be realized. Based on the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward-looking statements, the inclusion of any such statement should not be regarded as a representation or as a guarantee by us that our objectives or plans will be achieved, and we caution you against relying on any of the forward looking-statements contained herein. 

Note

Our trademarks in the United States includeApplied DNA Sciences^®, SigNature^® molecular tags, SigNature^® T molecular tags, fiberTyping^®, DNAnet^®, digitalDNA^®, SigNify^®, BackTrac^®, Beacon^® and CertainT^®.All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report are the property of their respective owners.

Introduction

Using our large scale polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based manufacturing platform, we manufacture large quantities of linear DNA for various markets. Whether for supply chain security, brand protection, law enforcement or drug or biologic applications, it is our goal to help establish secure flourishing environments that foster quality, integrity and success. With secure taggants, high-resolution DNA authentication, and comprehensive reporting, our SigNature molecular tag technologies are designed to deliver what we believe to be the greatest levels of security, deterrence and legal recourse strength. Under our wholly owned subsidiary, LineaRx, Inc. (LRx), we supply DNA for use in the in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology and preclinical drug and biologic development and manufacturing markets. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development directly and with collaborators focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured via our PCR-based DNA production platform.

SigNature^® molecular tags, SigNature^® T molecular tags, fiberTyping^®, DNAnet^®, SigNify^® BackTrac^®, Beacon^® and CertainT^® comprise our principal security technology platform. The large-scale production of specific linear DNA sequences is used in the diagnostics and reagent industries. Contract research and drug development and commercialization relating to PCR-produced DNA constructs forms the basis of LRx.

SigNature molecular tags, the core of our supply chain security technology platform, are what we believe to be nature’s ultimate means of authentication and supply chain security. We believe our precision-engineered molecular tags have not been broken. Additional layers of protection and complexity are added to the mark in a proprietary manner. SigNature molecular tags in various carriers have proven highly resistant to UV radiation, heat, cold, vibration, abrasion and other extreme environments and conditions. We work closely with our customers to develop solutions that will be optimized to their specifications to deliver maximum impact. Our products and technology are protected by what we believe to be a robust portfolio of patents and trademarks.

Using our tagging products and technology, manufacturers, brands, and other stakeholders can ensure authenticity and protect against diversion throughout a product’s journey from manufacturer to use.

The core technologies of our supply chain security business are supplied as tag, test and track solutions for large complex supply chains. Our tag, test and track solutions allow our customers to use molecular tags to mark objects in a unique manner that we believe cannot be replicated, and then identify these objects by detecting the absence or presence of the molecular tag. We believe that our disruptive tracking platform offers broad commercial relevance across many industry verticals. Our underlying strategy in the tagging business is to become a solutions provider for supply chains of process industries in which contracts for our products and services are larger and of longer duration as compared to our historic norms, where the benefits to customers and consumers are more significant, and where our forensic security and traceability offer a unique and protected value. Consumers, governments and companies are demanding details about the systems and sources that deliver their goods. They worry about quality, safety, ethics, and the environmental impact. Farsighted organizations are directly addressing new threats and opportunities presented by this question: Where do these goods come from? This is the question and the concerns we are beginning to address for a growing number of companies. We supply key building blocks for creating secure supply chains with traceability of goods, which in turn can help ensure integrity in supply, honest sales and marketing claims, and ethical and sustainable sourcing.

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Customers using our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for use in in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical drug and biologic development and manufacturing receive a DNA product we believe is made cleaner and faster than historical manufacturing methods, thereby offering the opportunity for increased efficiency and turnaround times in their processes. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development activities focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured via our PCR-based production platform. We seek to develop, acquire and commercialize, alone or with partners, a diverse portfolio of nucleic acid based drugs and biologics based on PCR-produced linear DNA which we believe will improve existing nucleic acid based therapeutics or create new nucleic acid based therapeutics that address unmet medical needs.

Our products and services are offered in the United States, Europe and Asia. At the present time, we are focusing our efforts on textile and apparel, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, microcircuits and other electronics, legal cannabis and PCR-produced linear DNA products, as well as services for in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical biotherapeutic manufacturing. Currently, approximately twenty percent of our annual revenue comes from the textile market. The basic technology we use in various markets is very similar, and we believe our solutions are adaptable for many types of products and markets. In the future, we plan to expand our focus to include additional consumer products, food and beverage and industrial materials. The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from our cotton customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during our first and fourth fiscal quarters, which may cause operating results to fluctuate significantly quarterly and annually. To date, the substantial portion of our revenues has been generated from sales of our SigNature and SigNature T molecular tags, our principal supply chain security and product authentication solutions. We expect to grow revenues from sales of our SigNature molecular tags, SigNature T molecular tags, SigNify and CertainT offerings as we work with companies and governments to secure supply chains for various types of products and product labeling throughout the world. In addition, we expect to continue to grow revenues from PCR-produced linear DNA products and services using our Triathlon™ PCR systems.

 Signature Molecular Tags

SigNature Molecular Tags. The SigNature molecular tag is our patented molecular taggant technology, at the core of our platform. It provides forensic power and protection for a wide array of applications. Highly secure, robust and durable, SigNature molecular tags are an ingredient that can be used to fortify brand protection efforts; strengthen supply chain security; and mark, track and convict criminals. Through our SigNature molecular tags, custom DNA sequences can be embedded into a wide range of host carriers including natural and synthetic fibers, ink, varnish, thread, metal coatings, and pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. SigNature molecular tags can be made resistant to challenging environments such as heat, cold, vibration, abrasion, organic solvents, chemicals, UV radiation and other extreme environmental conditions, and so can be identified for numerous years after being embedded directly, or into media applied or attached to the item to be marked. Each individual molecular tag is recorded and stored in a secure database so that we can later detect it using a simple spot test, or the molecular tags can be forensically analyzed in our laboratories to obtain definitive proof of the presence or absence of a specific SigNature molecular tag (e.g., one designed to mark a particular product). Our in-lab forensic testing capability delivers an expert witness Certificate of DNA Authentication (“CODA”). Because DNA is one of the densest information carriers known, and can be amplified with high fidelity, only minute quantities of SigNature molecular tags are necessary for successful analysis and authentication. As a result, SigNature molecular tags can fold seamlessly into production and logistics workflows at extremely low concentrations.

SigNature molecular tags have been subjected to rigorous testing by the Idaho National Laboratory, a U.S. National Laboratory, by CALCE (the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering), the largest electronic products and systems research center focused on electronics reliability, and by verified procedures in our laboratories. The molecular tag has passed all tests across a broad spectrum of materials and substrates and has met key military stability standards. SigNature molecular tags have also passed a strenuous “red-team” vetting on behalf of the U.S. Defense Logistics Agency.

SigNature molecular tags now exist on hundreds of millions of commodity quantities ranging from consumer product packaging to microcircuits to cotton and synthetic fibers; to our knowledge, none has ever been copied.

SigNature T Molecular Tags and fiberTyping

SigNature T Molecular Tags. SigNature T molecular tags are a unique patented tagging and authentication system specifically designed for textiles and apparel. Specially engineered to adhere tenaciously to textile substrates, including natural and synthetic fibers, SigNature T molecular tags are resistant to standard textile production conditions. The result: an enduring forensic level molecular tag that remains present from the fiber stage through to the finished product.

Our SigNature T technology allows for better quality control and assurance at any point in the supply chain. SigNature T molecular tags are currently used for brand protection efforts and raw material source compliance programs. For example, American grown cotton fibers can be tagged at the gin in the United States, verified as “American grown” and then traced through every step of the supply chain.

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fiberTyping. Our patented cotton genotyping platform, known as “fiberTyping,” described below, complements our SigNature T molecular tag system. fiberTyping is employed to identify the genus and species of the fibers before or after they are tagged with SigNature T molecular tags. fiberTyping cannot be used to provide unique identity of a specific cotton through the supply chain.

fiberTyping is not a molecular tag, but a genotyping test of native cotton fiber DNA, which gives a clear result that determines whether the intended “nature-made” endogenous cotton DNA is present in fiber, yarn or fabric. Samples from the primary material are sent to our forensic labs for DNA analysis and authentication. Cotton classification and the authentication of cotton species after cotton has left its place of origin are issues of global significance, important to brand owners and to governments that must regulate the international cotton trade. The use of endogenous DNA to identify the cotton fiber content in textile supply chains, along with the SigNature T molecular tag system is a significant opportunity for brand license holders to control their intellectual property, for brands to shield themselves against legal liabilities, and for governments to improve their ability to enforce compliance with trade agreements between nations.

We believe that our proprietary DNA extraction protocols and methodologies are more effective than existing forensic systems. We believe that the combination of our SigNatureT molecular tags and fiberTyping solutions cover the forensic authentication market for textiles and that the related protocols we have developed may be applicable to multiple industry verticals (such as ingredients in nutraceuticals and cannabis) and can mark and authenticate products at every stage of their life cycle, from beginning to end.

DNAnet, Smart DNA and Backtrac

Recognizing that DNA-based evidence is the cornerstone of modern-era law enforcement, we have developed what we believe to be the ultimate crime fighting tools – currently being used in vehicle and home asset marking, as well as commercial applications.

These molecular tags can be used to definitively link evidence and offenders to specific crime scenes. As the crime is investigated, the fluorescing molecular marker can assist police in linking the offender and stolen items to a specific crime scene, creating a greater ability to identify and convict.

These long-lasting tagging solutions contain unique molecular tags that can help return stolen or lost property to its rightful owner.

Beacon

Beacon locked optical markers deliver secure real-time inspection capabilities. A unique patented encrypted mechanism creates a protected, covert screening tool that can be easily adapted to packaging, security labels and high–value assets through inks, varnishes and coatings. When Beacon locked optical markers are combined with SigNature molecular tags, a strong and flexible security and screening solution is created where authenticity and provenance can be determined with confidence.

SigNify

Developing a secure method for real-time, in-field screening of molecularly-tagged items has long been a priority for us. We believe that standard fluorophores, up-converting phosphors, holograms and other more-traditional screening tools provide little to no defense against counterfeiting. We believe that secure in-field inspection backed with forensic-level molecular tag authentication is the key to maintaining a well-defended supply chain or asset management program.

The SigNify IF portable DNA reader provides definitive real-time authentication of SigNature and SigNature T molecular tags in the field. With SigNify IF, Signature molecular tags become a true, front-line solution for supply chain integrity.

Information Technology Systems

Applied DNA Sciences Portal. The CertainT and other customer applications include the use of a software platform that enables customers to manage the security of company-marked goods from point of marking to point of authentication or validation to end of life. The base platform is configurable to customer requirements which differ by vertical market, company business process and IT environment. Basic functions offered include molecular tag inventory management, program training and communications, a database of marked items information, associated documents and images, chain of custody and location tracking, sample authentication processing and CODA downloads, and other administrative functions. Designed for either cloud or local operation, the system supports mobile data capture using bar codes or other technologies. The system is architected as the controller and repository for other validation and authentication devices such as our SigNify DNA Readers, DNA Transfer Systems, and other third party devices and is designed to share data with third party applications through standard interfaces. 

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 DNA Transfer Systems and Cannabis Tracking System. Our DNA Transfer Systems and Cannabis Tracking System are developed for DNA marking applications which are high volume with a need for monitoring and control. They are computer based, fully automated, offer remote internet access for real-time monitoring and can be configured for application-specific alerts and reporting online. They are being used to mark cotton at six U.S. cotton gins in the 2018-2019 ginning season and one location in Australia.

CertainT Supply Chain Platform

CertainT helps brands confirm their product’s authenticity and origin with certified, trust, transparency and traceability through the seamless amalgamation of several of our platform technologies to tag, test and track. The CertainT trademark indicates use of the CertainT tagging, testing and tracking platform to enable proof of product claims for any material, item or product. Secure and proven, the CertainT Platform helps manufacturers, brands or other commercial organizations deliver on their promise that customers are buying products that are ethically-sourced, safe and authentic.

Large-scale production of specific DNA sequences using PCR.

Our patented Triathlon™ PCR systems allow for the large-scale production of specific DNA sequences. The systems are computer-controlled, self-contained and modular. DNA sequences produced through our processes and systems are being used by customers as components of diagnostic tests and reagents, which provide us the opportunity to cross-sell our DNA-based supply chain security solutions to this installed base and others. We believe we have the ability to manufacture longer DNA sequences valuable in gene therapies, adoptive cell therapies (such as CAR T), DNA vaccines, RNA therapies and diagnostics, with what we believe is a distinct competitive advantage in cost, cleanliness, and time-to-market. These types of DNA are distinct from our DNA security markers and represent a potential new entry into medical markets, where we believe there are opportunities for our broader platform. Customers using our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for use in in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical drug and biologic manufacturing receive a DNA product that we believe is made cleaner and faster than historical manufacturing methods, thereby offering the opportunity for increased efficiency and turnaround times in their processes.

Contract Research

Under LRx, we act as a contract research organization for the nucleic acid-based medical and biologic markets. In addition, LRx is providing contract research services to several RNA based drug and biologic customers for preclinical studies. These services include the design, development and manufacture of PCR-produced DNA templates for RNA.

Therapeutics

In addition, we seek to develop, acquire and commercialize, ourselves or with partners, a diverse portfolio of nucleic acid-based drugs and biologics based on PCR-produced linear DNA to improve existing nucleic acid-based therapeutics or to create new nucleic acid-based therapeutics that address unmet medical needs. We are also engaged in preclinical and animal drug candidate development activities focusing on therapeutically relevant DNA constructs manufactured through our large scale PCR production systems. LRx uses its PCR systems to rapidly produce customized DNA for use by our CRO/CMO clients, our preclinical drug and biologic clients and partners, and for our own preclinical nucleic acid-based drugs and biologics under development in the field of CAR T-cell immunotherapy. LRx’s proprietary process enables large, gram-scale production of DNA through PCR for bio-based therapeutics, adoptive cell therapies, vaccines (including cancer), CRISPR and other nucleic acid-based therapies. Linear DNA does not require recombination, therefore, there is no need for a virus or for plasmids. This reduces the risk of unwanted DNA or other contaminants that would need to be removed.

Plan of Operations

General

To date, the substantial portion of our revenues has been generated from sales of our SigNature molecular tags and SigNature T molecular tags, our principal supply chain security and product authentication solutions. We expect to grow revenues from sales of our SigNature molecular tags, SigNature T molecular tags, SigNify, and CertainT offerings as we work with companies and government to secure supply chains for various types of products and product labeling throughout the world. In addition, we expect to continue to grow revenues from our PCR-produced linear DNA products and services for in vitro medical diagnostics, biotechnology research and drug and biologic manufacturing. We have continued to incur expenses in expanding our business and increasing our personnel to meet current and anticipated future demand. We have limited sources of liquidity. Our products and services are offered in the United States, Europe and Asia. At the present time, we are focusing our efforts on textile and apparel, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, microcircuits and other electronics, legal cannabis and PCR-produced linear DNA products as well as services for in vitro medical diagnostics, preclinical biotechnology research and preclinical biotherapeutic manufacturing. Currently approximately twenty percent of our annual revenue comes from the textile market. The basic technology we use in various markets is very similar, and we believe our solutions are adaptable for many types of products and markets. In the future, we plan to expand our focus to include additional consumer products, food and beverage and industrial materials. The cotton ginning season in the United States takes place between September and March each year; therefore, revenues from our cotton customer contracts may be seasonal and recognized primarily during our first and fourth fiscal quarters, which may cause operating results to fluctuate significantly quarterly and annually.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note A to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for our critical accounting policies and recent accounting pronouncements.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Month Periods Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

Revenues

Product revenues

For the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we generated $171,261 and $486,341 in revenues from product sales, respectively. Product revenue decreased by $315,080 or 65% for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This decrease was primarily related to a decrease of $157,000 in biopharmaceutical revenues, as well as decreases of approximately $100,000, $40,000 and $30,000 in consumer asset marking, textile and industrial materials sales, respectively.

Service revenues

For the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we generated $607,207 and $557,605 in revenues from sales of services, respectively. Service revenues include our feasibility projects and any research and/or development contracts as well as fiberTyping and authentication services. The increase in service revenues of $49,602 or 9% for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year is attributable to an increase in revenue from feasibility pilots, primarily related to the textile industry of approximately $36,000, as well as an increase in revenue of approximately $13,000 from the government contract award.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $239,012 or 64% from $372,153 for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 to $133,141 for the three month period ended March 31, 2019. Cost of revenues as a percentage of product revenues remained fairly flat at 78% and 77% for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 increased by $532,310 or 27% from $1,996,604 for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 to $2,528,914 for the three month period ended March 31, 2019. The increase is attributable to a $552,139 increase in stock compensation. This increase is primarily related to certain performance based stock options being cancelled; therefore, the performance conditions were no longer probable, and the options did not vest during the three month period ended March 31, 2018 and the related expense of $415,786 was reversed. The remaining increase in stock compensation relates to grants to employees during the three month period ended March 31, 2019 that vested immediately.

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Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased to $651,377 for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 from $669,813 for the three month period ended March 31, 201, a decrease of $18,436 or 3%. This decrease is primarily due to decreased development costs incurred in relation to the government development contract award.

Depreciation and Amortization

In the three month period ended March 31, 2019, depreciation and amortization decreased by $47,607 or 33% from $145,280 for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 to $97,673 for the three month period ended March 31, 2019.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the three month period ended March 31, 2019, was $37,417 and primarily related to the interest earned on the convertible notes issued on August 31, 2018 and November 29, 2018, respectively.

Net Loss

Net loss increased by $540,548 or 25% from a loss of $2,146,209 for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 to a loss of $2,686,757 for the three month period ended March 31, 2019, due to the factors noted above.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Six Month Periods Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

Revenues

Product revenues

For the six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we generated $493,137 and $836,474 in revenues from product sales, respectively. Product revenue decreased by $343,337 or 41% for the six month period ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This decrease in product revenues was primarily from a decrease of $263,000 in biopharmaceutical revenues, due to the customer having decreased demand and therefore delaying the issuance of its annual purchase order. The purchase order for the current fiscal year was received during the three month period ended March 31, 2019 and shipments are expected to commence in the second half of fiscal 2019. The remaining decrease in product revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease of approximately $164,000 in consumer asset marking sales and $30,000 for industrial materials. These decreases were offset by an increase of $125,000 within the textile markets.

Service revenues

For the six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we generated $1,169,654 and $855,149 in revenues from sales of services, respectively. The increase in service revenues of $314,505 or 37% for the six month period ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year is attributable to an increase in revenue of $127,000 from the cannabis pre-commercial feasibility project under the cooperation agreement with TheraCann International Benchmark Corporation entered into during January 2018 as well as $164,000 from the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical pre-commercial pilot signed in March 2018.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues for the six month period ended March 30, 2019 decreased by $416,967 or 59% from $703,593 for the six month period ended March 31, 2018 to $286,626 for the six month period ended March 31, 2019. Cost of revenues as a percentage of product revenues was 58% and 84% for the six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This decrease in cost of revenues as a percentage of product revenues is due to product sales mix, as sales during the six month period ended March 31, 2018 were primarily comprised of biopharmaceutical and consumer asset marking sales, which are at a lower gross margin.

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Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six month period ended March 31, 2019 increased by $1,021,536 or 22% from $4,589,759 for the six month period ended March 31, 2018 to $5,611,295 for the six month period ended March 31, 2019. The increase is attributable to an increase in stock based compensation expense of approximately $811,000. The increase in stock based compensation was primarily associated with stock option grants during the six month period ended March 31, 2018, as a result of certain performance based stock options being cancelled; therefore, the performance conditions were no longer probable, and the options did not vest and the related expense of $415,786 was reversed. To a lesser extent, the increase in stock based compensation relates to approximately $190,000 in stock compensation expense associated with employee grant modifications during the six month period ended March 31, 2019. These modifications canceled certain existing options and replaced them with new options with a term of an additional five years. The combined term of these modified options (including the canceled options) is a total of 10 years, which is consistent with our current compensation practices, in which employee stock options are generally granted with a term of ten years, as well as the expense associated with an employee grant that vested immediately. The increase also relates to an increase in legal and professional fees of approximately $315,000 in professional fees and $53,000 in filing fees. These increases were offset by decreases in payroll of approximately $178,000.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased to $1,360,941 for the six month period ended March 31, 2019 from $1,409,880 for the six month period ended March 31, 2018, a decrease of $48,939 or 3%. This decrease is primarily due to a decrease in payroll expenses of $73,000, offset by increased development costs incurred in relation to the government development contract award of $94,000.

Depreciation and Amortization

In the six month period ended March 31, 2019, depreciation and amortization decreased by $70,204 or 23% from $302,928 for the six month period ended March 31, 2018 to $232,724 for the six month period ended March 31, 2019.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the six month period ended March 31, 2019, was $69,028. The interest expense was primarily due to interest earned on the convertible notes issued on August 31, 2018 and November 29, 2018, respectively, for the six month period ended March 31, 2019.

Net Loss

Net loss increased by $591,155 or 11% from $5,329,922 for the six month period ended March 31, 2018 to $5,921,077 for the six month period ended March 31, 2019, due to the factors noted above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our liquidity needs consist of our working capital requirements and research and development expenditure funding. As of March 31, 2019, we had working capital of $543,329. For the six month period ended March 31, 2019, we incurred a net cash flow deficit from operating activities of $3,802,025 consisting primarily of our loss of $5,921,077 net with non-cash adjustments of $232,724 in depreciation and amortization charges and $757,338 for stock-based compensation. Additionally, we had a net decrease in operating assets of $1,122,454 and a net increase in operating liabilities of $6,049. Cash used in investing activities was $63,986 for the purchase of property and equipment. Cash provided by financing activities was $3,747,588 consisting primarily of net proceeds from the December public offering of $2,479,524, $550,000 in proceeds from the sale of secured convertible promissory notes during November 2018 and $718,064 in proceeds from the exercise of warrants.

We have recurring net losses, which have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $253,793,937 as of March 31, 2019. We have incurred a net loss of $5,921,077 for the six month period ended March 31, 2019. At March 31, 2019 we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,541,141. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the financial statements. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to further implement its business plan, raise capital, and generate revenues. The financial statements set forth in this Quarterly Report do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

The Company’s current capital resources include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and inventories. Historically, the Company has financed its operations principally from the sale of equity or equity-linked securities.

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NASDAQ Delisting Notice

On January 29, 2019, we received written notice (the “First Notification Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that we are not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of thirty (30) consecutive business days. Based on the closing bid price of our common stock for the thirty (30) consecutive business days from December 13, 2018 to January 25, 2019, we no longer meet the minimum bid price requirement.

The First Notification Letter does not impact our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market at this time. The First Notification Letter states that we have 180 calendar days, or until July 29, 2019, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). To regain compliance, the bid price of our common stock must have a closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days. If we do not regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) by July 29, 2019, we may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period. To qualify, we would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the bid price requirement, and would need to provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. However, if it appears to the staff of Nasdaq (the “Staff”) that we will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if we are otherwise not eligible, Nasdaq would notify us that our securities would be subject to delisting. In the event of such a notification, we may appeal the Staff’s determination to delist our securities, but there can be no assurance the Staff would grant our request for continued listing.

We intend to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock and may, if appropriate, consider implementing available options, including, but not limited to, implementing a reverse stock split of our outstanding securities, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

Additionally, on January 30, 2019, we received written notice (the “Second Notification Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying us that we are not in compliance with the market value of listed securities requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2), or the alternative standards of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), which requires a listed company to have minimum stockholders’ equity of $2.5 million, or Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(3), which requires a listed company to have had net income from continuing operations of at least $500,000 in the latest fiscal year or in two of the last three fiscal years. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a market value of at least $35 million for the previous thirty (30) consecutive business days for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Based on our market value of listed securities for the thirty (30) consecutive business days from November 30, 2018 to January 29, 2019, we no longer meet the market value of listed securities requirement. In addition, we do not satisfy the alternative requirements of sufficient minimum stockholders’ equity or sufficient net income from continuing operations.

The Second Notification Letter does not impact our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market at this time. The Second Notification Letter states that we have 180 calendar days, or until July 29, 2019, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2). Alternatively, we could gain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) or Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(3). In order to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2), we must maintain a market value of listed securities of at least $35 million for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days. If we do not regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) or, alternatively, gain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) or Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(3), prior to the expiration of the compliance period, Nasdaq would notify us that our securities would be subject to delisting. In the event of such a notification, we may appeal the Staff’s determination to delist our securities, but there can be no assurance the Staff would grant our request for continued listing. Unlike the minimum bid price noncompliance described in the First Notification Letter, no additional compliance period is applicable to the noncompliance described in the Second Notification Letter.

If our common stock is delisted by NASDAQ, it could lead to a number of negative implications, including an adverse effect on the price of our common stock, increased volatility in our common stock, reduced liquidity in our common stock, the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws and greater difficulty in obtaining financing. In addition, delisting of our common stock could deter broker-dealers from making a market in or otherwise seeking or generating interest in our common stock, could result in a loss of current or future coverage by certain sell-side analysts and might deter certain institutions and persons from investing in our securities at all. Delisting could also cause a loss of confidence of our customers, collaborators, vendors, suppliers and employees, which could harm our business and future prospects. We will consider available options to resolve the deficiencies and regain compliance with all applicable Nasdaq Listing Rules.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Inflation

The effect of inflation on our revenue and operating results was not significant.

Item 3.— Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Information requested by this Item is not applicable as we are electing scaled disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies with respect to this Item.

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Item 4. — Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II — Other Information

Item 1. — Legal Proceedings.

None.

Item 1A. — Risk Factors.

Not applicable as we are a smaller reporting company.

Item 2. — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None. 

Item 3. — Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. — Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

Item 5. — Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. — Exhibits.

10.1 Collateral Agency Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.

10.2 Security Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.

10.3First Amendment to Security Agreement, dated November 26, 2018, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.

10.4 Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018. incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.

10.5 Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated October 19, 2019, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.

10.6 Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated October 19, 2019, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.

10.7* Omnibus Amendment Agreement, dated February 26, 2019, among the Company, APDN (B.V.I.), Inc., and Delaware Trust Company as collateral agent for the benefit of the buyers listed on Schedule I thereto.

10.8* First Amendment to Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated February 26, 2019, between the Company and Delaware Trust Company as collateral agent for the benefit of the investors listed thereto.

10.9* First Amendment to Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated February 26, 2019, between APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. and Delaware Trust Company as collateral agent for the benefit of the investors listed thereto.

10.10*+ Patent and Know-How License and Cooperation Agreement, dated March 28, 2019, between the Company, APDN (B.V.I.), Inc., and ETCH BioTrace S.A.

31.1* Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2* Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.1** Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer).

32.2** Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Financial Officer).

33

101 INS* XBRL Instance Document

101 SCH* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101 CAL* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101 DEF* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101 LAB* XBRL Extension Label Linkbase Document 

101 PRE* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

+ Portions of this exhibit have been omitted because the information is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed. The omissions have been indicated by bracketed asterisks (“[***]”).

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibits be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise stated in any such filing.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1	Collateral Agency Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.
10.2	Security Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.
10.3	First Amendment to Security Agreement dated November 26, 2018, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.
10.4	Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018. incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.
10.5	Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated October 19, 2019, by Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. in favor of Delaware Trust Company as collateral agent for the secured parties defined therein, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.
10.6	Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated October 19, 2019, by APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. in favor of Delaware Trust Company as collateral agent for the secured parties defined therein, incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, originally filed with the SEC on December 18, 2018 and amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 28, 2019 and by Amendment No. 2 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.
10.7*	Omnibus Amendment Agreement, dated February 26, 2019, among  the Company, APDN (B.V.I.), Inc., and Delaware Trust Company as collateral agent for the benefit of the buyers listed on Schedule I thereto.
10.8*	First Amendment to Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated February 26, 2019,  between the Company and Delaware Trust Company as collateral agent for the benefit of the investors listed thereto.
10.9*	First Amendment to Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated February 26, 2019,  between APDN (B.V.I.), Inc. and Delaware Trust Company as collateral agent for the benefit of the investors listed thereto.
10.10*+	Patent and Know-How License and Cooperation Agreement, dated March 28, 2019, between the Company, APDN (B.V.I.), Inc., and ETCH BioTrace S.A.

31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1**	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer).
32.2**	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Financial Officer).

35

101*	INS* XBRL Instance Document
101*	SCH* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101*	CAL* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101*	DEF* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101*	LAB* XBRL Extension Label Linkbase Document
101*	PRE* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

+ Portions of this exhibit have been omitted because the information is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed. The omissions have been indicated by bracketed asterisks (“[***]”).

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

36

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.
Dated: May 9, 2019	/s/ JAMES A. HAYWARD
	James A. Hayward, Ph. D.
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Duly authorized officer and principal executive officer)
	/s/ BETH JANTZEN
Dated: May 9, 2019	Beth Jantzen, CPA
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Duly authorized officer and
	principal financial and accounting officer)

37