UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
| | |
(Mark One) | | |
þ | | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| | For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 |
or |
o | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| | For the transition period from to |
Commission file number: 1-8972
INDYMAC BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) 888 East Walnut Street, Pasadena, California (Address of principal executive offices) | | 95-3983415 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 91101-7211 (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(800) 669-2300
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of Each Class | | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
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Common Stock, $.01 Par Value (including related preferred stock purchase rights) | | New York Stock Exchange |
WIRES Units (Trust Preferred Securities and Warrants) | | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
[None.]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ Noo
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 ofRegulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of thisForm 10-K or any amendment to thisForm 10-K þ.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Based on the closing price for shares of Common Stock as of June 30, 2006, the aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $3,119,794,294. For the purposes of the foregoing calculation only, in addition to affiliated companies, all directors and executive officers of the registrant have been deemed affiliates.
As of February 16, 2007, 72,329,748 shares of IndyMac Bancorp, Inc. Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Proxy Statement for the 2007 Annual Meeting — Part III
INDYMAC BANCORP, INC.
2006 ANNUAL REPORT ONFORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INDYMAC BANCORP, INC.
2006 ANNUAL REPORT ONFORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Items 1. and 7.
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Forward-Looking Statements | | | 4 | |
Item 1. Business | | | 4 | |
Business Model | | | 5 | |
Segments | | | 6 | |
Mortgage Banking | | | 6 | |
Production Divisions | | | 7 | |
Loan Servicing | | | 8 | |
Thrift. | | | 9 | |
Portfolio Divisions | | | 9 | |
Regulation and Supervision | | | 10 | |
General | | | 10 | |
Regulation of Indymac Bank | | | 10 | |
General | | | 10 | |
Qualified Thrift Lender Test | | | 10 | |
Regulatory Capital Requirements | | | 11 | |
Insurance of Deposit Accounts | | | 11 | |
Capital Distribution Regulations | | | 12 | |
Community Reinvestment Act and the Fair Lending Laws | | | 12 | |
Privacy Protection | | | 12 | |
Income Tax Considerations | | | 12 | |
Employees | | | 12 | |
Competition | | | 12 | |
Website Access to United States Securities and Exchange Commission Filings | | | 13 | |
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | | | 20 | |
Overview | | | 20 | |
Summary of Business Segment Results | | | 21 | |
Detail Channel Segment Results | | | 24 | |
Product Profitability Analysis | | | 29 | |
Loan Production | | | 37 | |
Loan Sales | | | 40 | |
Mortgage Servicing and Other Retained Assets | | | 43 | |
Mortgage Servicing and Mortgage Servicing Rights | | | 43 | |
Other Retained Assets | | | 45 | |
Valuation of MSRs, Interest-Only, Prepayment Penalty, and Residual Securities | | | 49 | |
Hedging Interest Rate Risk on Servicing-Related Assets | | | 50 | |
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Loans Held for Investment | | | 50 | |
SFR Mortgage Loans Held for Investment | | | 51 | |
Consumer Construction Division | | | 53 | |
Home Equity Division | | | 54 | |
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| | Page | |
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Homebuilder Division | | | 55 | |
Warehouse Lending Division | | | 56 | |
Net Interest Margin | | | 57 | |
Interest Rate Sensitivity | | | 59 | |
Credit Risk and Reserves | | | 60 | |
Secondary Market Reserve | | | 64 | |
Expenses | | | 65 | |
Future Outlook | | | 65 | |
Liquidity and Capital Resources | | | 66 | |
Overview | | | 66 | |
Principal Sources of Cash | | | 66 | |
Loan Sales and Securitizations | | | 66 | |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 66 | |
Deposits/Retail Bank | | | 67 | |
Trust Preferred Securities and Warrants | | | 68 | |
Other Borrowings, Excluding Subordinated Debentures Underlying Trust Preferred Securities | | | 68 | |
Direct Stock Purchase Plan | | | 70 | |
Capital Raising and Deployment Strategies | | | 70 | |
Principal Uses of Cash | | | 70 | |
Regulatory Capital Requirements | | | 70 | |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements | | | 70 | |
Aggregate Contractual Obligations | | | 71 | |
Risk Factors That May Affect Future Results | | | 72 | |
Risks Related to Our Business Generally | | | 72 | |
Risks Related to Our Interest Rate Hedging Strategies | | | 74 | |
Risks Related to Our Valuation of Assets | | | 76 | |
Risks Related to Our Assumption of Credit Risk | | | 77 | |
Risks Related to Our Liquidity | | | 79 | |
Critical Accounting Policies and Judgments | | | 80 | |
AAA-Rated Interest-Only Securities | | | 80 | |
Mortgage Servicing Rights | | | 81 | |
Non-Investment Grade Securities and Residuals | | | 82 | |
General | | | 82 | |
Loss Estimates | | | 83 | |
Prepayment Speeds | | | 83 | |
Discount Rates | | | 83 | |
Derivatives and Other Hedging Instruments | | | 83 | |
Allowance for Loan Losses | | | 84 | |
Secondary Market Reserve | | | 85 | |
Sensitivity Analysis | | | 85 | |
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PART I
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in thisForm 10-K may be deemed to be forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “plan,” “forecast,” “intend,” “goal,” “target,” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements that are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially from those projected in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including,the effect of economic and market conditions including industry volumes and margins; the level and volatility of interest rates; the Company’s hedging strategies, hedge effectiveness and asset and liability management; the accuracy of subjective estimates used in determining the fair value of financial assets of Indymac; the credit risks with respect to our loans and other financial assets; the actions undertaken by both current and potential new competitors;the availability of funds from Indymac’s lenders and from loan sales and securitizations to fund mortgage loan originations and portfolio investments; the execution of Indymac’s growth plans and ability to gain market share in a significant market transition;the impact of disruptions triggered by natural disasters; the impact of current, pending or future legislation,regulationsor litigation; and other risk factors described in the reports that Indymac files with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including this Annual Report onForm 10-K, its Quarterly Reports onForm 10-Q, and its reports onForm 8-K.
While all of the above items are important, the highlighted items represent those that, in management’s view, merit increased focus given current conditions.
IndyMac Bancorp, Inc. is the holding company for IndyMac Bank, F.S.B., a $29 billion hybrid thrift/mortgage bank, headquartered in Pasadena, California (“Indymac Bank” or “Bank”). Indymac Bank originates mortgages in all 50 states of the U.S. and is the largest savings and loan headquartered in Los Angeles County, California, the seventh largest nationwide, based on assets according to American Banker, the ninth largest residential mortgage originator according to the National Mortgage News based on third quarter 2006 mortgage origination volume, and the eleventh largest mortgage servicer according to National Mortgage News as of September 30, 2006. Indymac Bank, operating as a hybrid thrift/mortgage banker, provides cost-efficient financing for the acquisition, development, and improvement of single-family homes. Indymac also provides financing secured by single-family homes and other banking products to facilitate consumers’ personal financial goals. We facilitate the acquisition, development, and improvement of single-family homes through oure-MITS(R) (Electronic Mortgage Information and Transaction System) platform that automates underwriting, risk-based pricing and rate locking on a nationwide basis via the Internet at the point of sale. Indymac Bank offers highly competitive mortgage products and services that are tailored to meet the needs of both consumers and mortgage professionals.
Indymac (then known as Countrywide Mortgage Investments, Inc.) was founded as a passive mortgage real estate investment trust (“REIT”) in 1985 and transitioned its business model to become an active, operating mortgage lender in 1993. In response to the global liquidity crisis in the fourth quarter of 1998 in which many non-regulated financial institutions, mortgage lenders and mortgage REITs were adversely impacted or did not survive, we determined that it would be advantageous to become a depository institution. The depository structure provides significant advantages in the form of diversified financing sources, the retention of capital to support growth, and a strong platform for the origination of mortgages. Effective January 1, 2000, we terminated our status as a REIT and converted to a fully taxable entity, and, on July 1, 2000, we acquired SGV Bancorp, Inc. (“SGVB”), which then was the parent of First Federal Savings and Loan Association of San Gabriel Valley, a federal savings association. We contributed substantially all of our assets and operations to the subsidiary savings association, which we renamed Indymac Bank.
We entered the reverse mortgage industry through the acquisition of 93.75% of the outstanding shares of common stock of Financial Freedom Holdings, Inc. (“Financial Freedom”), the leading provider of reverse mortgages in the United States of America, and the related assets from Lehman Brothers Bank, F.S.B. and its affiliates on July 16, 2004. The remaining shares of the common stock of Financial Freedom, constituting 6.25% of the outstanding shares of common stock, were held by its chief executive officer, James Mahoney, after the
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acquisition. The acquisition was consummated as part of our strategy to increase market share by offering niche mortgage products and servicing a broad customer base. On July 3, 2006, the Company purchased from James Mahoney the remaining 6.25% interest in Financial Freedom for $40 million. Financial Freedom now operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Indymac Bank.
References to “Indymac Bancorp” or the “Parent Company” refer to the parent company alone, while references to “Indymac,” the “Company,” or “we” refer to the parent company and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to “Indymac Bank” or the “Bank” refer to our subsidiary IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
BUSINESS MODEL
Indymac’s hybrid thrift/mortgage banking business model is the basis for our corporate structure. Our model provides a strong framework for growth over the long-term and the flexibility to operate efficiently in varying interest-rate environments. Our businesses are aligned into two primary operating segments, the mortgage banking and the thrift segments. Mortgage banking involves the originating and trading of mortgage loans and related assets, and the servicing of these loans. The revenues from mortgage banking consist primarily of gains on sale of the loans; interest income earned while the loans are held for sale; and the servicing fees. The thrift side of our business invests in single-family residential mortgage assets including mortgage-backed securities (“MBSs”) which we hold on our balance sheet. Revenues consist primarily of spread income, which represents the difference between the interest earned on the loans and the cost of funds.
As a result of the quick asset turn times associated with mortgage banking, it is less capital-intensive than thrift investing and offers higher returns on invested capital. However, mortgage banking is cyclical: origination volumes are closely correlated to interest rates, rising when rates fall and falling when rates rise.
Thrift investing requires more capital than mortgage banking, resulting in lower returns on invested capital. However, the returns tend to be more stable and less cyclical than those from mortgage banking, and they generally improve as returns on mortgage banking decline. As interest rates rise, there is little incentive for borrowers to refinance, so portfolio runoff (i.e., reduction) is reduced.
Our hybrid business model allows us to take advantage of both the higher returns on invested equity offered by mortgage banking, and the earnings stability offered by a traditional savings and loan institution. The common denominator of the Company’s business is providing consumers with single-family residential mortgages through relationships with each segment’s core customers via the channels in which we operate. Prudent allocation of capital between our mortgage banking and thrift segments, depending on the interest rate environment, market conditions and expected return on equity, serves to stabilize earnings through the mortgage cycles. With our hybrid model, we can take advantage of opportunities to fund and sell loans, but we also prudently build a portfolio of high-quality investment loans and mortgage-backed securities, as well as a substantial servicing portfolio to provide more consistent income throughout the interest rate cycle. By deploying capital in the area that offers the best returns, we are able to stabilize earnings through a variety of economic and interest rate cycles.
Indymac’s long-term strategy focuses on gaining a larger share of the mortgage origination market without compromising profitability goals. During 2006, we successfully executed our strategy and reached a record level of mortgage production of $90.0 billion and increased our market share by 78% to 3.58% while the market volume declined. According to the National Mortgage News, by the third quarter of 2006, we were the ninth largest originator of mortgage loans in the United States of America. We will continue to leverage our mortgage-banking infrastructure, increase our marketing and sales efforts, and expand our geographic presence in an effort to gain additional market share in the future.
In the fourth quarter of 2006, we saw a fairly dramatic decrease in the return on equity (“ROE”) in our thrift segment, mostly caused by net interest margin erosion in our whole loan and MBS portfolios. As such, it does not make economic sense for us to grow these portfolios to the extent that we had previously planned. While we will continue to maintain some level of investments in our whole loan and MBS portfolios, going forward the growth of these portfolios will be based on the extent to which (1) their ROEs exceed our cost of both core and risk-based capital or (2) they are needed to support our core mortgage banking investments in mortgage servicing rights and residual and non-investment grade securities, if their ROEs are below our cost of capital. These changes in our business model and strategy represent fine-tuning more than a major strategic shift.
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SEGMENTS
Indymac is structured to achieve synergies among its operations and to enhance customer service, operating through its two main segments, the mortgage banking and the thrift segments. The common denominator of the Company’s business is providing consumers with single-family residential mortgages through relationships with each segment’s core customers via the channel in which each operates.
For further information on the revenues earned and expenses incurred by each of our segments, refer to “Note 3 — Segment Reporting” included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements incorporated herein.
MORTGAGE BANKING
The mortgage banking segment’s core activities are loan production, loan sales, and the performance of our servicing functions. Loan production is achieved by delivering a suite of mortgage products, predominantly prime credit quality, to our customers using a technology-based approach across multiple channels on a nationwide basis supported by 16 strategically distributed regional mortgage centers. Our broad product line includes adjustable-rate mortgages (“ARMs”), intermediate term fixed-rate loans, pay option ARMs offering borrowers multiple payment options, fixed-rate mortgages, both conforming and non-conforming,construction-to-permanent loans, subprime mortgages, home equity lines of credits (“HELOCs”) and reverse mortgages.
Our largest production channel, mortgage professionals group, originates or purchases mortgage loans through its relationships with mortgage brokers, mortgage bankers, and financial institutions. We also offer mortgages and reverse mortgages to consumers through channels such as direct mail, Internet leads, online advertising, affinity relationships, real estate professionals, including realtors, and through our Southern California retail banking branches.
When we have accumulated a sufficient volume of loans with similar characteristics, generally $100 million to $1.5 billion in principal amount, we sell the loans in the secondary market. The length of time between when we originate or purchase a mortgage loan and when we sell or securitize the mortgage loan generally ranges from 10 to 90 days, depending on factors such as loan volume by product type and market fluctuations in the prices of MBS. On average during 2006, we sold loans within 50 days of purchase or origination, down from 52 days in 2005.
We sell the majority of the mortgage loans that we originate or purchase (88% in 2006). The loans are usually sold on a non-recourse basis, but we do make certain representations and warranties concerning the loans. We generally retain the servicing rights with respect to loans sold to the government sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”), primarily Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Company (“Freddie Mac”). The credit losses on these loans are absorbed by the GSEs. We pay guarantee fees to the GSEs to compensate them for their assumption of credit risk.
We also sell loans through private-label securitizations. Loans sold through private-label securitizations consist primarily of non-conforming loans and subprime loans. The securitization process involves the sale of the loans to one of our wholly-owned bankruptcy remote special purpose entities, which then sells the loans to a separate, transaction-specific securitization trust in exchange for cash and certain trust interests that we retain. The securitization trust issues and sells undivided interests to third-party investors that entitle the investors to specified cash flows generated from the securitized loans. These undivided interests are usually represented by certificates with varying interest rates and are secured by the payments on the loans acquired by the trust, and commonly include senior and subordinated classes. The senior class securities are usually rated “AAA” by at least two of the major independent rating agencies and have priority over the subordinated classes in the receipt of payments. We have no obligation to provide funding support (other than temporary servicing advances) to either the third-party investors or securitization trusts. Neither the third-party investors nor the securitization trusts have recourse to our assets or us, and neither have the ability to require us to repurchase their securities. We do make certain representations and warranties concerning the loans, such as lien status or mortgage insurance coverage, and if we are found to have breached a representation or warranty, we could be required to repurchase the loan from the securitization trust. We do not guarantee any securities issued by the securitization trusts. The securitization trusts represent “qualified special purpose entities,” which meet the legal isolation criteria of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140,“Accounting for Transfer and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities” (“SFAS 140”), and are therefore not consolidated for financial reporting purposes. We also sell loans on
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a whole-loan basis to institutional investors with servicing on such loans either retained by us or released to the institutional investors.
In addition to the cash we receive from the sale of MBS, we typically retain certain interests in the securitization trust as payment for the loans. These retained interests may include mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), AAA-rated interest-only securities, AAA-rated senior securities, AAA-rated principal-only securities, subordinated classes of securities, residual securities, securities associated with prepayment charges on the underlying mortgage loans, cash reserve funds, or an overcollateralization account. Other than AAA-rated interest-only and principal-only securities, the AAA-rated senior securities, the securities associated with prepayment charges on the underlying mortgage loans, and the MSRs, these retained interests are subordinated and serve as credit enhancement for the more senior securities issued by the securitization trust. We are entitled to receive payment on most of these retained interests only after the third party investors are repaid their investment plus interest and there is excess cash in the securitization trust. Our ability to obtain repayment of our residual interests depends solely on the performance of the underlying mortgage loans. Material adverse changes in performance of the loans, including actual credit losses and prepayment speeds differing from our assumptions, may have a significant adverse effect on the value of these retained interests.
We usually retain the servicing rights for the securitized mortgage loans, as discussed in the description of servicing operations below under the caption “Loan Servicing.” As a servicer, we are entitled to receive a servicing fee equal to a specified percentage of the outstanding principal balance of each loan. This servicing fee is calculated and payable on a monthly basis. We may also be entitled to receive additional servicing compensation, such as late payment fees or prepayment charges. Our servicing fees have priority in payment over each class of securities issued by the securitization trusts.
Refer to “Note 14 — Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Production Divisions
Mortgage Professionals Group
Our largest production channel, mortgage professionals group, was responsible for 86% of our total mortgage production during 2006. This group is responsible for the production of mortgage loans through relationships with mortgage brokers, mortgage bankers, financial institutions, capital market participants across the country, and homebuilders via three channels: wholesale, correspondent, and conduit. Mortgage loans could be either funded by us (wholesale) or obtained as closed loans on a flow basis (correspondent) or in bulk purchases (conduit). When originating or purchasing mortgage loans, we generally acquire the rights to “service” the mortgage loans (as described below). When we sell the loans, we may either retain the related servicing rights and service the loans through our Home Loan Servicing division or sell those rights. See “Loan Servicing” below.
This division targets customers based on their loan production volume, product mix and projected revenue to us. The sales force is responsible for maintaining and increasing loan production from these customers by marketing our strengths, which include a “one stop shop” for all products, competitive pricing and response time efficiencies in the loan purchase process through oure-MITS underwriting process and high customer service standards.
During 2006, to continue our emphasis on increasing production capacity and geographic penetration to build market share, the division opened three new regional centers. With these three new centers, the division currently has 16 regional centers. Looking ahead, we plan to add several new regional offices in the coming years as a way of increasing geographic penetration to gain market share in target markets, improving customer service, and improving operational efficiencies.
The retail lending group, a division of the mortgage professionals group, will open storefront mortgage offices in areas supported by regional operating centers. These offices will offer mortgage services through the retail channel, anchored by a proven local producing leader. The choice of areas in which to open retail mortgage offices will be determined based upon several factors, such as the availability of local talent and the demographic characteristics of the area. We plan to open 15 to 20 retail mortgage offices in 2007.
In February 2007, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to purchase assets of the retail mortgage banking platform of New York Mortgage Company, LLC (“NYMC”), a wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary of
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New York Mortgage Trust, Inc. As part of the transaction, the Company will hire a majority of NYMC’s employees, including approximately 200 retail loan officers and a strong retail branch management team. This acquisition is part of our strategy to build our retail platform. See “Note 27 — Subsequent Events” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion on the acquisition.
Consumer Direct
This channel markets mortgage products directly to existing and new consumers nationwide through direct mail, Internet lead aggregator, outbound telesales, online advertising, and referral programs, as well as our Southern California retail banking branches.
Through our call center operations and our Southern California retail banking branch network, loan consultants counsel consumers on the loan application process and make lending decisions using oure-MITS technology. Loans are processed and funded by our operations group within our regional call centers.
Financial Freedom
Through the acquisition of Financial Freedom, we have become the leading provider of reverse mortgages in the United States. This group is responsible for the generation and servicing of predominantly reverse mortgage products with senior customers via the affinity business unit to institutional relationships, traditional wholesale mortgage relationship sales force and a retail loan officer sales force. Reverse mortgages allow homeowners age 62 and older to convert home equity into cash to supplement their retirement income. The equity may be withdrawn in a lump sum, as annuity-style monthly payments, as a credit line, or any combination thereof. Reverse mortgages offered by us feature: no recourse to the borrower, no repayment during the borrower’s occupancy of the home, and a repayment amount that cannot exceed the value of the home (after costs of sale). With the increased familiarity that senior homeowners and their financial advisors have with this product, the reverse mortgage market is expected to continue to grow. Comparing 2006 to 2005, our reverse mortgage volume increased 71% to $5.0 billion in 2006 from $2.9 billion in 2005. However, the competition is expected to intensify in this market. As a result, margin for this product will be negatively impacted.
Loan Servicing
MSRs and Other Retained Assets
This division manages the assets the Company retains in conjunction with its mortgage loan sales. The assets held include the following asset classes: (i) mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), interest-only strips, prepayment penalty securities and residual securities; (ii) derivatives and securities held as hedges of such assets, including forward rate agreements swaps, options, futures, principal-only securities, agency debentures and U.S. Treasury bonds; (iii) loans acquired throughclean-up calls or originated through the Company’s customer retention programs; and (iv) investment and non-investment grade securities. The Company hedges the MSRs to protect the economic value of the MSRs.
At December 31, 2006, primarily through our Home Loan Servicing operation in Kalamazoo, Michigan, we serviced $148.0 billion of mortgage loans, of which $139.8 billion was serviced for others, an increase of 65% from $84.5 billion serviced for others in 2005. The growth in our portfolio of loans serviced for others was attributable to our record production and sale volumes in 2006. The servicing portfolio includes servicing for prime and subprime loans, HELOCs, reverse mortgages, manufactured housing loans and home improvement loans.
Servicing of mortgage loans includes: collecting loan payments; responding to customers’ inquiries; accounting for principal and interest; holding custodial (impound) funds for payment of property taxes and insurance; counseling delinquent mortgagors; modifying and refinancing loans; supervising foreclosures and liquidation of foreclosed property; performing required tax reporting; and performing other loan administration functions necessary to protect investors’ interests and comply with applicable laws and regulations. Servicing operations also include remitting loan payments, less servicing fees, to trustees and, in some cases, advancing delinquent borrower payments to investors, subject to a right of reimbursement.
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THRIFT
The strategy of our thrift segment has been to leverage and scale infrastructure with prudent mortgage related asset growth to stabilize and diversify company-wide earnings, targeting a return on equity ranging from 15% to 20%. Through leveraging our capital and our FDIC-insured financial institution, the thrift segment principally invests in single-family residential (“SFR”) mortgage loans (predominantly prime ARMs, including intermediate term fixed-rate loans), construction financing for single-family residences or lots provided directly to individual consumers, builder construction financing facilities for larger residential subdivision loans, HELOCs, mortgage-backed securities, and warehouse lines of credit, which provides short- term revolving warehouse lending facilities tosmall-to-medium size mortgage bankers and brokers to finance mortgage loans from the closing of the loans until they are sold. The thrift segment also occasionally engages in loan sales with servicing retained, principally of HELOCs and lot loans, as part of our balance sheet management efforts and our efforts to optimize returns on equity. The primary sources of revenue for the thrift segment are net interest income on loans and securities, and to a lesser extent, the gain on sale of HELOCs and lot loans.
In the fourth quarter of 2006, we saw a fairly dramatic decrease in the ROE in our thrift segment, mostly caused by net interest margin erosion in our whole loan and MBS portfolios. As such, it does not make economic sense for us to grow these portfolios to the extent that we had previously planned. While we will continue to maintain some level of investments in our whole loan and MBS portfolios, going forward the growth of these portfolios will be based on the extent to which (1) their ROEs exceed our cost of both core and risk-based capital or (2) they are needed to support our core mortgage banking investments in mortgage servicing rights and residual and non-investment grade securities, if their ROEs are below our cost of capital. These changes in our business model and strategy represent fine-tuning more than a major strategic shift. The new reality of narrowing net interest margins actually favors Indymac from a competitive standpoint in that, unlike many other depository institutions, we already have a relatively high, market-based cost of funds and have learned, through trading assets and loans in the secondary market, how to earn strong overall ROEs despite that fact.
Portfolio Divisions
Mortgage Backed Securities (“MBS”)
MBS includes predominantly AAA-rated agency and private label MBS.
Prime SFR Mortgage Loans
Single-family residential mortgage loans held for investment are generally originated or acquired through our mortgage banking production divisions and transferred to the thrift divisions. Held for investment loans may also be acquired from third party sellers. Such loans are typically prime loans as the majority of the subprime loans originated are securitized in private transactions or sold to GSEs. The thrift divisions invest in loans for which they can earn an acceptable return on equity. We are currently investing primarily in ARMs in order to minimize interest rate risk, and to a lesser extent, loan products which we believe the market does not properly price. We may also retain a portion of the loans acquired through our exercise ofclean-up calls as these loans are generally high quality, seasoned loans that generate an above-market yield.
Home Equity Division
Our home equity division specializes in providing HELOC and closed-end second mortgages nationwide through Indymac’s wholesale and retail channels. With astate-of-the-art web-based decision engine, utilizing a streamlined application process and competitive pricing, this division provides homeowners the ability to easily tap the excess equity in their homes for a variety of uses. With the HELOC product, homeowners have convenient access to their funds using the Indymac Visa Equity Card or equity checks.
Consumer Construction and Lot Loans
Our consumer construction and lot loans division provides construction financing for individual consumers who want to build a new primary residence or second home. Through our streamlinede-MITS online application process, the division offers a single-closeconstruction-to-permanent loan that provides borrowers with the funds to build a primary residence or vacation home. This product typically provides financing for a construction term of 6 to 12 months and automatically converts to a permanent mortgage loan at the end of construction. The end result is a
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product that represents a hybrid activity between our portfolio lending and mortgage banking activities. The Company earns net interest income on these loans during the construction phase. When the home is completed, the loan automatically converts to a permanent mortgage loan without any additional cost or closing documents, which is typically sold in the secondary market or acquired by the SFR mortgage loan portfolio. This division also provides financing to builders who are building single-family residences without a guaranteed sale at inception of project, or on a speculative basis. Approximately 68% of new commitments are generated through mortgage broker customers of the Mortgage Bank and the remaining 32% of new commitments are retail originations.
Builder Financing
Our homebuilder division provides land acquisition, development and construction financing to homebuilders for residential construction. Builder construction loans are typically adjustable-rate loans, indexed to the prime interest rate with terms ranging from 12 to 24 months. The Company earns net interest income on these loans. The homebuilder division has central operations in Pasadena, California with 17 satellite sales offices in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington, D.C. Our typical customer is a middle size, professional homebuilder who builds between 200 and 2,000 homes per year. We do a limited amount of business with large private and public homebuilders, and have a small homebuilder program dedicated to homebuilders building five to 25 unit projects, and who typically build five to 100 homes per year.
Warehouse Lending
Our warehouse lending group offers short-term lines of credit to approved correspondent sellers nationwide. The group functions as a financial intermediary for lenders, providing them with the financial capacity to fund loans and hold them on the balance sheet until they are sold to approved investors.
REGULATION AND SUPERVISION
GENERAL
As a savings and loan holding company, Indymac Bancorp is subject to regulation by the Office of Thrift Supervision (“OTS”) under the savings and loan holding company provisions of the Federal Home Owners’ Loan Act (“HOLA”). As a federally chartered and insured savings and loan association, Indymac Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and periodic examination by the OTS, which is the primary federal regulator of savings associations, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), in its role as federal deposit insurer. The primary purpose of regulatory examination and supervision is to protect depositors, financial institutions and the financial system as a whole rather than the shareholders of financial institutions or their holding companies. The following summary is not intended to be a complete description of the applicable laws and regulations or their effects on us, and it is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory and regulatory provisions described.
REGULATION OF INDYMAC BANK
General
Both Indymac Bank and the Company are required to file periodic reports with the OTS concerning our activities and financial condition. The OTS has substantial enforcement authority with respect to savings associations, including authority to bring enforcement actions against a savings association and any of its “institution-affiliated parties,” which term includes directors, officers, employees, controlling shareholders, agents and other persons who participate in the conduct of the affairs of the institution. The FDIC has “backup” enforcement authority over us and has the power to terminate a savings association’s FDIC deposit insurance. In addition, we are subject to regulations of the Federal Reserve Board relating to equal credit opportunity, electronic fund transfers, collection of checks, truth in lending, truth in savings, and availability of funds for deposit customers.
Qualified Thrift Lender Test
Like all savings and loan holding company subsidiaries, Indymac Bank is required to meet a qualified thrift lender (“QTL”) test to avoid certain restrictions on our operations, including the activities restrictions applicable to
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multiple savings and loan holding companies, restrictions on our ability to branch interstate and Indymac Bancorp’s mandatory registration as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. A savings association satisfies the QTL test if: (i) on a monthly average basis, for at least nine months out of each twelve month period, at least 65% of a specified asset base of the savings association consists of loans to small businesses, credit card loans, educational loans, or certain assets related to domestic residential real estate, including residential mortgage loans and mortgage securities; or (ii) at least 60% of the savings association’s total assets consist of cash, U.S. government or government agency debt or equity securities, fixed assets, or loans secured by deposits, real property used for residential, educational, church, welfare, or health purposes, or real property in certain urban renewal areas. Indymac Bank is currently, and expects to remain, in compliance with QTL standards.
Regulatory Capital Requirements
OTS capital regulations require savings associations to satisfy three sets of capital requirements: tangible capital, Tier 1 (leverage) capital, and risk-based capital. In general, an association’s tangible capital, which must be at least 1.5% of adjusted total assets, is the sum of common shareholders’ equity adjusted for the effects of other comprehensive income (“OCI”), less goodwill and other disallowed assets. An association’s ratio of Tier 1 capital to adjusted total assets (the “core capital” or “leverage” ratio) must be at least 3% for strong associations that are not anticipating or experiencing significant growth and have well-diversified risks, including no undue interest rate risk exposure, excellent asset quality, high liquidity, and good earnings, and 4% for others. Higher capital ratios may be required if warranted by the particular circumstances, risk profile, or growth rate of a given association. Under the risk-based capital requirement, a savings association must have Tier 1 (core) capital equal to at least 4% of adjusted total assets and total capital (core capital plus supplementary capital) equal to at least 8% of risk-weighted assets. Tier 1 capital must represent at least 50% of total capital and consists of core capital elements, which include common shareholders’ equity, qualifying noncumulative, nonredeemable perpetual preferred stock, and minority interests in the equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, but exclude goodwill and certain other intangible assets. Supplementary capital mainly consists of qualifying subordinated debt, preferred stock that does not meet Tier 1 capital requirements, and portions of allowance for loan losses.
The above capital requirements are viewed as minimum standards by the OTS. The OTS regulations also specify minimum requirements for a savings association to be considered a “well-capitalized institution” as defined in the “prompt corrective action” regulation described below. A “well-capitalized” savings association must have a total risk-based capital ratio of 10% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6% or greater and a leverage ratio of 5% or greater. Indymac Bank currently meets, and expects to continue to meet, all of the requirements of a “well-capitalized institution.”
The OTS regulations include prompt corrective action provisions that require certain remedial actions and authorize certain other discretionary actions to be taken by the OTS against a savings association that falls within specified categories of capital deficiency. The relevant regulations establish five categories of capital classification for this purpose, ranging from “well-capitalized” or “adequately capitalized” through “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” and “critically undercapitalized.” In general, the prompt corrective action regulations prohibit an OTS-regulated institution from declaring any dividends, making any other capital distributions, or paying a management fee to a controlling person, such as its parent holding company, if, following the distribution or payment, the institution would be within any of the three undercapitalized categories.
Insurance of Deposit Accounts
Deposits of the Bank are presently insured by the Savings Association Insurance Fund (“SAIF”), which is administered by the FDIC, up to $100,000 per depositor. The FDIC has established a risk-based system for setting deposit insurance assessments. Under the risk-based assessment system, a savings association’s insurance assessments vary according to the level of capital the institution holds and the degree to which it is the subject of supervisory concern. Assessment rates currently range between five and 43 cents per $100 in deposits. Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the savings association has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC or the OTS. All insured depository institutions, including the Bank, are required to pay an additional assessment, currently 1.22 cents per $100 in deposits, in order to retire Financial Corporation bonds that were issued between 1987 and 1989.
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Capital Distribution Regulations
OTS regulations limit “capital distributions” by savings associations, which include, among other things, dividends and payments for stock repurchases. Refer to “Note 23 — Regulatory Requirements” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Community Reinvestment Act and the Fair Lending Laws
Savings associations are examined under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) and related regulations of the OTS on the extent of their efforts to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods. In addition, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act, together known as the “Fair Lending Laws,” prohibit lenders from discriminating in their lending practices on the basis of characteristics specified in those statutes. Enforcement of these regulations has been an important focus of federal regulatory authorities and of community groups in recent years. A failure by Indymac Bank to comply with the provisions of the CRA could, at a minimum, result in adverse action on branch and certain other corporate applications, and regulatory restrictions on our activities, and failure to comply with the Fair Lending Laws could result in enforcement actions by the OTS, as well as other federal regulatory agencies and the Department of Justice. Indymac Bank received an overall “Satisfactory” rating during our most recent CRA evaluation.
Privacy Protection
The OTS has adopted privacy protection regulations which require each savings association to adopt procedures to protect consumers’ and customers’ “nonpublic personal information.” It is Indymac Bank’s policy not to share customers’ information with any unaffiliated third parties, except as expressly permitted by law, or to allow third party companies to provide marketing services on our behalf, or under joint marketing agreements between us and other unaffiliated financial institutions. In addition to federal laws and regulations, we are required to comply with any privacy requirements prescribed by California and other states in which we do business that afford consumers with protections greater than those provided under federal law.
INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
We report our income on a calendar year basis using the liability method of accounting. We are subject to federal income taxation under existing provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, in generally the same manner as other corporations. We are also subject to state taxes in the areas in which we conduct business.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2006, we had 8,630 full-time equivalent employees (“FTE”), including 633 FTE off-shore as part of our Global Resources program. We believe that we have generally good relations with our employees.
COMPETITION
We face significant competition in acquiring and selling loans. In our mortgage banking operations, we compete with other mortgage bankers, GSEs, established third party lending programs, investment banking firms, banks, savings and loan associations, and other lenders and entities purchasing mortgage assets. With regard to MBS issued through our mortgage banking operations, we face competition from other investment opportunities available to prospective investors. We estimate our market share of the U.S. mortgage market to be approximately 3.58% based on the full year 2006 mortgage production. A number of our competitors have significantly larger market share and financial resources. We seek to compete with financial institutions and mortgage companies through an emphasis on quality of service, diversified products and maximum use of technology.
The GSEs have made and we believe will continue to make significant technological and economic advances to broaden their customer bases. When the GSEs contract or expand, there are both positive and negative impacts on our mortgage banking lending operations. As GSEs expand, additional liquidity is brought to the market, and loan products can be resold more quickly. Conversely, expanding GSEs increase competition for loans, which may reduce profit margins on loan sales. We seek to address these competitive pressures by making a strong effort to maximize our use of technology, by diversifying into other residential mortgage products that are less affected by GSEs, and by operating in a more cost-effective manner than our competitors.
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WEBSITE ACCESS TO UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FILINGS
All reports filed electronically by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including Annual Reports onForm 10-K, quarterly reports onForm 10-Q, and current event reports onForm 8-K, as well as any amendments to those reports, are made accessible as soon as reasonably practicable after filing with the SEC at no cost on our website atwww.IndymacBank.com. These filings are also accessible on the SEC’s website atwww.sec.gov.
We have a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is applicable to all of our employees and officers, including the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer and the principal accounting officer. In addition, Indymac has a Director Code of Ethics that sets forth the policy and standards concerning ethical conduct for directors of Indymac. We also adopted formal corporate governance standards in January 2002, which the Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors reviews annually to ensure they incorporate recent corporate governance developments and generally meet the corporate governance needs of Indymac. You may obtain copies of each of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, the Director Code of Ethics, and the Board of Directors’ Guidelines for Corporate Governance Issues by accessing the “Corporate Governance” subsection of the “Investors” section ofwww.IndymacBank.com, or free of charge by writing to our Corporate Secretary at IndyMac Bancorp, Inc., 888 East Walnut Street, Pasadena, California 91101. Indymac intends to post amendments to or waivers of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (to the extent applicable to Indymac’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer) and of the Director Code of Ethics at the website location referenced above.
KEY OPERATING RISKS
Like all businesses, we assume a certain amount of risk in order to earn returns on our capital. For further information on these and other key operating risks, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Factors.”
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ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
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Our significant leased properties are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Approximate
| | | Principal Lease
| |
Purpose | | Location | | Square Feet | | | Expiration | |
|
Corporate Headquarters/Administration | | Pasadena, California | | | 173,000 | | | | 2010 | |
Corporate Headquarters/ Administration* | | Pasadena, California | | | 179,000 | | | | 2016 | |
Corporate IT | | Tempe, Arizona | | | 28,500 | | | | 2015 | |
Home Loan Servicing — Customer Service and Loan Administration | | Kalamazoo, Michigan | | | 38,000 | | | | 2008 | |
Home Loan Servicing — Master Servicing and Investor Reporting | | Pasadena, California | | | 36,000 | | | | 2007 | |
Web & Direct Mail Headquarters; Mortgage Bank Operations; Financial Freedom Headquarters, Legal/Administration | | Irvine, California | | | 138,000 | | | | 2012 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center, Consumer Direct Operations and Sales | | Kansas City, Missouri | | | 53,000 | | | | 2009 | |
| | Overland Park, Kansas** | | | 21,000 | | | | 2007 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Ontario, California | | | 41,500 | | | | 2012 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | San Ramon, California | | | 46,500 | | | | 2010 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Atlanta (Norcross), Georgia | | | 67,500 | | | | 2009 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Scottsdale, Arizona | | | 46,000 | | | | 2009-2011 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Marlton, New Jersey | | | 62,000 | | | | 2012 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | East Norriton, Pennsylvania | | | 39,000 | | | | 2011 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Columbia, South Carolina | | | 29,000 | | | | 2009 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Dallas (Irving), Texas | | | 41,000 | | | | 2008 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Seattle (Bellevue), Washington | | | 31,000 | | | | 2008 | |
| | Sacramento (Rancho Cordova), | | | | | | | | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | California | | | 34,000 | | | | 2012 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Tampa, Florida | | | 46,000 | | | | 2007-2013 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Chicago (Schaumburg), Illinois | | | 62,000 | | | | 2013 | |
Regional Mortgage Banking Center | | Boston (Braintree), Massachusetts | | | 12,000 | | | | 2007 | |
Eastern Operations Center — Financial Freedom | | Atlanta, Georgia | | | 44,000 | | | | 2012 | |
Western Operations Center — Financial Freedom | | Sacramento (Roseville), California | | | 39,000 | | | | 2008 | |
Loan Servicing, Accounting and Finance — Financial Freedom | | San Francisco, California | | | 23,000 | | | | 2008 | |
Consumer Bank Retail Operations | | 24 locations in Southern California | | | 86,000 | | | | 2008-2013 | |
Other Sales Offices and Locations | | 58 locations in various states | | | 45,000 | | | | 2007-2010 | |
| | |
* | | 5,203 square feet relates to a Consumer Bank Retail Operation |
|
** | | to be extended to 2009 |
In addition to the above leased office space, we own the property (consisting of four buildings) that houses our mortgage banking headquarters, located in Pasadena, California, totaling approximately 265,000 square feet. We also own a building in La Mirada, California of approximately 16,500 square feet, which houses our information technology data center. We own an additional four retail banking properties, containing an aggregate of approximately 56,000 square feet, located in Southern California.
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ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are defendants in or parties to a number of legal actions. Certain of such actions involve alleged violations of employment laws, unfair trade practices, consumer protection laws, including claims relating to the Company’s sales, loan origination and collection efforts, and other federal and state banking laws. Management believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that these legal actions, individually and in the aggregate, and the losses, if any, resulting from the likely final outcome thereof, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries’ financial position, but may have a material impact on the results of operations of particular periods. Refer to “Note 21 — Commitments and Contingencies” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
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ITEM 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
No matters were submitted to a vote of shareholders during the quarter ended December 31, 2006.
PART II
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ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR INDYMAC BANCORP, INC.’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCK HOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
STOCK INFORMATION
IndyMac Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “NDE.” The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices (as reported by Bloomberg Financial Service) for shares of IndyMac Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | High
| | | Low
| | | High
| | | Low
| |
| | ($) | | | ($) | | | ($) | | | ($) | |
|
First Quarter | | | 43.24 | | | | 37.71 | | | | 39.15 | | | | 32.83 | |
Second Quarter | | | 50.50 | | | | 40.44 | | | | 43.44 | | | | 33.04 | |
Third Quarter | | | 47.24 | | | | 37.15 | | | | 46.25 | | | | 37.40 | |
Fourth Quarter | | | 48.14 | | | | 40.35 | | | | 40.50 | | | | 34.40 | |
ISSUANCE OF COMMON STOCK
On June 8, 2004, we issued 3,200,000 shares of common stock at a market price of $31.75 through a public offering. On July 12, 2004, we issued an additional 130,000 shares of common stock at a market price of $31.75 upon the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. The cash proceeds of $96.25 million from the initial closing, net of expenses, were recorded as equity during the second quarter of 2004. The cash proceeds from the exercise of the over-allotment option, net of expenses, of $3.9 million were recorded as equity during the third quarter of 2004. Certain of the proceeds were used to finance the acquisition of Financial Freedom and the remaining proceeds have been used for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, continued asset growth for Indymac Bank.
The Company has a direct stock purchase plan which offers investors the ability to purchase shares of our common stock directly over the Internet. Investors interested in investing over $10,000 can also participate in the waiver program administered by Mellon Investor Services LLC. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we issued 3,532,360 shares of common stock at an average market price of $42.04 through this plan.
SHARE REPURCHASE ACTIVITIES
There was no share repurchase activity during the three months ended December 31, 2006. Our Board of Directors previously approved a $500 million share repurchase program. Since its inception in 1999, we have repurchased a total of 28.0 million shares through this program. As of December 31, 2006 the maximum approximate dollar value of shares that may be purchased under the program was $63.6 million. In January 2007, we obtained an authorization from the Board of Directors to repurchase an additional $236.4 million of common stock for a total current authorization of up to $300 million.
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As of February 16, 2007, 72,329,748 shares of IndyMac Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock were held by approximately 1,797 shareholders of record.
DIVIDEND POLICY
Indymac’s goal is to maintain a dividend payout ratio in line with other financial institution payout ratios, which range from 30% to 50% of earnings per share. For 2006, Indymac’s dividend payout ratio was 39%.
Cash dividends declared were as follows during 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Dividend
| | | Dividend
| |
| | per
| | | Payout
| |
| | Share | | | Ratio(1) | |
|
2006: | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter 2006 | | $ | 0.44 | | | | 37 | % |
Second Quarter 2006 | | $ | 0.46 | | | | 31 | % |
Third Quarter 2006 | | $ | 0.48 | | | | 40 | % |
Fourth Quarter 2006 | | $ | 0.50 | | | | 52 | % |
2005: | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter 2005 | | $ | 0.36 | | | | 37 | % |
Second Quarter 2005 | | $ | 0.38 | | | | 31 | % |
Third Quarter 2005 | | $ | 0.40 | | | | 34 | % |
Fourth Quarter 2005 | | $ | 0.42 | | | | 40 | % |
| | |
(1) | | Dividend payout ratio for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters of 2005 was calculated using the dividend declared divided by retrospectively adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.98, $1.24, $1.16, and $1.06, respectively. |
In 2006 and 2005, we funded the payment of dividends primarily from the dividend from Indymac Bank and cash on hand at the Company. The future principal source of funds for the dividend payments is anticipated to be the dividends we will receive from Indymac Bank. The payment of dividends by Indymac Bank is subject to regulatory requirements and review. See the “Capital Distribution Regulations” section on page 12 for further information. There is no assurance that the Bank will be able to pay dividends to the holding company in the future.
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS INFORMATION
The equity compensation plans information required by this Item 5 is hereby incorporated by reference to Indymac Bancorp’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our 2006 fiscal year.
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ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005(2) | | | 2004(2, 3, 4) | | | 2003(2, 4) | | | 2002(2, 4) | |
| | (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | |
|
Selected Balance Sheet Information (at December 31)(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 542 | | | $ | 443 | | | $ | 356 | | | $ | 115 | | | $ | 197 | |
Securities (trading and available for sale) | | | 5,443 | | | | 4,102 | | | | 3,689 | | | | 1,838 | | | | 2,339 | |
Loans held for sale | | | 9,468 | | | | 6,024 | | | | 4,446 | | | | 2,573 | | | | 2,228 | |
Loans held for investment | | | 10,177 | | | | 8,278 | | | | 6,750 | | | | 7,449 | | | | 3,962 | |
Allowance for loan losses | | | (62 | ) | | | (55 | ) | | | (53 | ) | | | (53 | ) | | | (51 | ) |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | 1,822 | | | | 1,094 | | | | 641 | | | | 444 | | | | 301 | |
Other | | | 2,105 | | | | 1,566 | | | | 997 | | | | 874 | | | | 600 | |
Total assets | | | 29,495 | | | | 21,452 | | | | 16,826 | | | | 13,240 | | | | 9,574 | |
Deposits | | | 10,898 | | | | 7,672 | | | | 5,743 | | | | 4,351 | | | | 3,141 | |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 10,413 | | | | 6,953 | | | | 6,162 | | | | 4,935 | | | | 2,722 | |
Other borrowings | | | 4,637 | | | | 4,367 | | | | 3,162 | | | | 2,622 | | | | 2,609 | |
Other liabilities | | | 1,519 | | | | 917 | | | | 478 | | | | 301 | | | | 242 | |
Total liabilities | | | 27,467 | | | | 19,909 | | | | 15,545 | | | | 12,209 | | | | 8,713 | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 2,028 | | | | 1,543 | | | | 1,280 | | | | 1,032 | | | | 862 | |
Income Statement(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income before provision for loan losses | | | 527 | | | | 425 | | | | 405 | | | | 311 | | | | 209 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 20 | | | | 10 | | | | 8 | | | | 20 | | | | 16 | |
Gain on sale of loans | | | 668 | | | | 592 | | | | 431 | | | | 387 | | | | 301 | |
Service fee income (expense) | | | 101 | | | | 44 | | | | (12 | ) | | | (16 | ) | | | 19 | |
Gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities, net | | | 21 | | | | 18 | | | | (24 | ) | | | (31 | ) | | | 4 | |
Fee and other income | | | 50 | | | | 37 | | | | 27 | | | | 19 | | | | 19 | |
Net revenues | | | 1,347 | | | | 1,106 | | | | 819 | | | | 650 | | | | 537 | |
Operating expenses | | | 789 | | | | 618 | | | | 483 | | | | 382 | | | | 321 | |
Net earnings | | | 343 | | | | 293 | | | | 202 | | | | 161 | | | | 132 | |
Basic earnings per share(5) | | | 5.07 | | | | 4.67 | | | | 3.41 | | | | 2.92 | | | | 2.28 | |
Diluted earnings per share(6) | | | 4.82 | | | | 4.43 | | | | 3.27 | | | | 2.88 | | | | 2.27 | |
Other Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage production | | $ | 89,951 | | | $ | 60,774 | | | $ | 37,902 | | | $ | 29,236 | | | $ | 20,276 | |
Total loan production(7) | | | 91,698 | | | | 62,714 | | | | 39,048 | | | | 30,036 | | | | 20,882 | |
Mortgage industry share(8) | | | 3.58 | % | | | 2.01 | % | | | 1.37 | % | | | 0.77 | % | | | 0.71 | % |
Pipeline of mortgage loans in process(9) | | | 11,821 | | | | 10,488 | | | | 6,689 | | | | 4,116 | | | | 4,723 | |
Loans sold | | | 79,049 | | | | 52,297 | | | | 31,036 | | | | 23,176 | | | | 16,825 | |
Loans sold/mortgage loans produced | | | 88 | % | | | 86 | % | | | 82 | % | | | 79 | % | | | 83 | % |
Mortgage loans serviced for others (as of year end)(10) | | | 139,817 | | | | 84,495 | | | | 50,219 | | | | 30,774 | | | | 28,376 | |
Total mortgage loans serviced (as of year end) | | | 147,994 | | | | 90,721 | | | | 56,038 | | | | 37,066 | | | | 29,138 | |
Average full-time equivalent employees | | | 7,935 | | | | 6,240 | | | | 4,715 | | | | 3,882 | | | | 2,938 | |
Other Per Share Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends declared per share | | $ | 1.88 | | | $ | 1.56 | | | $ | 1.21 | | | $ | 0.55 | | | $ | — | |
Dividends payout ratio(11) | | | 39 | % | | | 35 | % | | | 37 | % | | | 19 | % | | | — | |
Book value per share at December 31 | | | 27.78 | | | | 24.02 | | | | 20.65 | | | | 18.17 | | | | 15.72 | |
Closing price per share at December 31 | | | 45.16 | | | | 39.02 | | | | 34.45 | | | | 29.79 | | | | 18.49 | |
Average Common Shares (in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 67,701 | | | | 62,760 | | | | 59,513 | | | | 55,247 | | | | 58,028 | |
Diluted | | | 71,118 | | | | 66,115 | | | | 62,010 | | | | 55,989 | | | | 58,302 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005(2) | | | 2004(2, 3, 4) | | | 2003(2, 4) | | | 2002(2, 4) | |
| | (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | |
|
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return on average equity (“ROE”) | | | 19.09 | % | | | 21.23 | % | | | 17.38 | % | | | 17.02 | % | | | 15.17 | % |
Return on average assets (“ROA”) | | | 1.17 | % | | | 1.38 | % | | | 1.20 | % | | | 1.38 | % | | | 1.66 | % |
Net interest income to pretax income after minority interest | | | 94.82 | % | | | 87.55 | % | | | 120.65 | % | | | 116.10 | % | | | 97.41 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 2.02 | % | | | 2.16 | % | | | 2.61 | % | | | 2.91 | % | | | 2.89 | % |
Net interest margin, thrift(12) | | | 1.93 | % | | | 2.10 | % | | | 2.05 | % | | | 1.78 | % | | | 2.00 | % |
Mortgage banking revenue (“MBR”) margin on loans sold(13) | | | 1.06 | % | | | 1.36 | % | | | 1.80 | % | | | 2.21 | % | | | 2.30 | % |
Efficiency ratio(14) | | | 58 | % | | | 55 | % | | | 58 | % | | | 57 | % | | | 58 | % |
Operating expenses to loan production | | | 0.86 | % | | | 0.99 | % | | | 1.24 | % | | | 1.27 | % | | | 1.54 | % |
Balance Sheet and Asset Quality Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 26,028 | | | $ | 19,645 | | | $ | 15,521 | | | $ | 10,675 | | | $ | 7,230 | |
Average equity | | | 1,796 | | | | 1,381 | | | | 1,167 | | | | 949 | | | | 870 | |
Debt to equity ratio(15) | | | 13.5:1 | | | | 12.9:1 | | | | 12.1:1 | | | | 11.8:1 | | | | 10.1:1 | |
Core capital ratio(16) | | | 7.39 | % | | | 8.21 | % | | | 7.66 | % | | | 7.56 | % | | | 8.70 | % |
Risk-based capital ratio(16) | | | 11.72 | % | | | 12.20 | % | | | 12.02 | % | | | 12.29 | % | | | 14.03 | % |
Non-performing assets to total assets | | | 0.63 | % | | | 0.34 | % | | | 0.73 | % | | | 0.76 | % | | | 1.05 | % |
Allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment | | | 0.61 | % | | | 0.67 | % | | | 0.78 | % | | | 0.71 | % | | | 1.28 | % |
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans held for investment | | | 57.51 | % | | | 127.10 | % | | | 107.67 | % | | | 140.04 | % | | | 95.76 | % |
Loan Loss Activity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses to net charge-offs | | | 4.9 | x | | | 7.2 | x | | | 6.7 | x | | | 3.0 | x | | | 2.2x | |
Provision for loan losses to net charge-offs | | | 156.50 | % | | | 129.57 | % | | | 103.10 | % | | | 110.57 | % | | | 69.95 | % |
Net charge-offs to average non-performing loans held for investment | | | 16.82 | % | | | 16.65 | % | | | 18.28 | % | | | 39.33 | % | | | 36.70 | % |
Net charge-offs to average loans held for investment | | | 0.14 | % | | | 0.10 | % | | | 0.11 | % | | | 0.34 | % | | | 0.76 | % |
| | |
(1) | | The items under the balance sheet and income statement sections are rounded individually and therefore may not necessarily add up to the total due to such rounding. |
|
(2) | | 2002-2005 data has been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the stock option expenses under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123(R), Share Based Payment (“SFAS 123(R)”). Refer to “Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion. |
|
(3) | | For the year ended December 31, 2004, the data is presented on a pro forma basis excluding the effect of change in accounting principle for rate lock commitments under Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 105,“Application of Accounting Principles to Loan Commitments”(“SAB 105”), effective April 1, 2004, and for the impact of the purchase accounting adjustments for Financial Freedom. The SAB 105 impact for the year ended December 31, 2004 was $59.5 million. Additionally, the impact of the purchase accounting adjustment for Financial Freedom totaled $7.9 million before-tax. The pro forma results are provided so that investors can evaluate our results on a |
18
| | |
| | comparable basis. A full reconciliation between the pro forma and GAAP amounts, with the relevant performance ratios, is as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2004 | |
| | GAAP | | | Adjustments | | | Pro Forma | |
| | (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | |
|
Gain on sale of loans | | $ | 364 | | | $ | 67 | | | $ | 431 | |
Net revenues | | | 751 | | | | 67 | | | | 818 | |
Other expense | | | 483 | | | | — | | | | 483 | |
Income taxes | | | 106 | | | | 27 | | | | 133 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net earnings | | $ | 162 | | | $ | 40 | | | $ | 202 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 2.61 | | | $ | 0.66 | | | $ | 3.27 | |
ROE | | | 13.89 | % | | | | | | | 17.38 | % |
ROA | | | 0.96 | % | | | | | | | 1.20 | % |
| | |
(4) | | The Company previously classified the initial deferral of the incremental direct origination costs net of the fees collected on the loans as a net reduction in operating expenses. However, during 2005, we revised the presentation to reflect the deferral of the total fees collected as a reduction of fee and other income and the deferral of the incremental direct origination costs as a reduction of operating expenses. All prior periods were revised to conform to the current presentation. This revision had no impact on reported earnings or the balance sheet in 2005 or in any prior period. Certain performance ratios based on net revenues or operating expenses were revised accordingly. |
|
(5) | | Net earnings divided by weighted average basic shares outstanding for the year. |
|
(6) | | Net earnings divided by weighted average dilutive shares outstanding for the year. |
|
(7) | | Includes newly originated commitments on construction loans. |
|
(8) | | Our market share is calculated based on our total loan production, both purchased (correspondent and conduit) and originated (retail and wholesale), in all channels (the numerator) divided by the Mortgage Bankers Association (“MBA”) February 12, 2007 Mortgage Finance Long-Term Forecast estimate of the overall mortgage market (the denominator). As we review industry publications such as National Mortgage News, we have confirmed that our calculation is consistent with its methodologies for reporting market share of Indymac and our mortgage banking peers. It is important to note that these industry calculations cause purchased mortgages to be counted more than once, i.e., first when they are originated and again by the purchasers (through correspondent and conduit channels) of the mortgages. Therefore, our market share calculation may not be mathematically precise, but it is consistent with industry calculations, which provide investors with a good view of our relative standing compared to the other top mortgage lending peers. |
|
(9) | | The amount includes $1.9 billion, $1.3 billion and $0.4 billion of non-specific rate locks on bulk purchases in our conduit channel at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. |
|
(10) | | Represents the unpaid principal balance on loans sold with servicing retained by Indymac. |
|
(11) | | Dividends declared per common share as a percentage of diluted earnings per share. |
|
(12) | | Net interest margin, thrift represents the combined margin from thrift, elimination and other, and corporate overhead. |
|
(13) | | Mortgage banking revenue margin is calculated using the sum of consolidated gain on sale of loans and the net interest income earned on loans held for sale by our mortgage banking production divisions divided by total loans sold. |
|
(14) | | Defined as operating expenses divided by net interest income and other income. |
|
(15) | | Debt includes deposits. |
|
(16) | | Ratio is for Indymac Bank and excludes unencumbered cash at the Parent Company available for investment in Indymac Bank. Risk-based capital ratio is calculated based on the regulatory standard risk weighting adjusted for the additional risk weightings for subprime loans. |
19
| |
ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and the notes thereto and the other information incorporated by reference herein.
OVERVIEW
Indymac is a leading hybrid thrift/mortgage banking company. We offer a wide range of home mortgage products to a broad customer base using a technology-based approach. Indymac is structured to achieve synergies among its operations and to enhance customer service. The Company conducts business substantially through IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. via two primary operating segments, the mortgage banking and the thrift segments. On the mortgage banking side, we generate earnings largely by originating, securitizing and selling loans and securities at a profit and by servicing loans for others. On the thrift side, we generate core spread income from our investment portfolio of prime SFR mortgages, home equity loans, consumer and builder construction loans and mortgage-backed securities. The combination of mortgage banking and thrift investing has proven to be a powerful business model for Indymac, and, given our strong execution in the past, we have been able to outperform our peers and produce both strong and relatively stable returns on our shareholders’ equity.
2006 was a challenging year in the mortgage banking industry. This was the third year since the industry peaked, and industry loan volumes of $2.5 trillion were 34% below 2003’s historic high level and 17% lower than in 2005. Mortgage banking revenue margins declined further after sharp declines in 2005, and net interest margins continued to compress, as the yield curve inverted with the average spread between the10-year Treasury yield and the1-month LIBOR declining from 89 basis points in 2005 to negative 31 basis points in 2006. To cap it off, the housing industry slowed down significantly, increasing loan delinquencies and non-performing assets and driving up credit costs for all mortgage lenders.
Yet, despite these challenges, Indymac again reached new performance heights in 2006, achieving:
| | |
| • | Record mortgage loan production of $90 billion, a 48% increase over 2005; |
|
| • | Record mortgage market share of 3.58%, a 78% gain over the 2.01% share we had in 2005; |
|
| • | Record net revenues of $1.3 billion, a 22% increase over 2005; |
|
| • | Recordearnings-per-share of $4.82, a 9% gain; |
|
| • | Record growth in total assets, which increased by $8 billion, or 37%, to $29.5 billion; |
|
| • | Record growth in our portfolio of loans served for others, which increased by $55 billion, or 65%, to 140 billion; |
|
| • | Strong return on equity of 19%, slightly lower than last year’s 21% level. |
Net revenues of $1.3 billion for 2006 reflect an increase of 22% over 2005. Key drivers of this growth included the following:
1) Growth in average interest earning assets of 32% from $19.6 billion in 2005 to $26.0 billion in 2006, leading to an increase in net interest income of 24% to $526.7 million. The increase is primarily driven by the growth in production, increased retention of securities and loans in our held for investment portfolio, offset by the sale of loans. Net interest margin declined from 2.16% to 2.02% during a period of inverted yield curve. Factors contributing to this decline included higher cost of funds and hedging cost, higher premium amortization and increased non-performing loans. This decline somewhat mitigated the positive impact from the growth in average interest earning assets.
2) Growth in mortgage production of 48% in 2006 over 2005 to a record high of $90.0 billion, led to a 51% increase in loans sold to $79.0 billion. Our market share increased from 2.01% in 2005 to 3.58% in 2006. Leading this growth were our Financial Freedom and conduit channels with increases in production of 71% and 90%, respectively. This volume growth mitigated a decline in the MBR margin on loans sold, resulting from a decline in higher margin pay option ARM volume and a higher mix of lower margin conduit and correspondent channel volume. The MBR margin on loans sold was 1.06% in 2006, down from 1.36% in 2005.
20
3) Provision for loan loss increased from $10.0 million for 2005 to $20.0 million for 2006 mainly due to an increase in our non-performing assets as delinquencies worsened. The allowance for loan losses currently represents 4.9 times net charge-offs, down from 7.2 times at December 31, 2005 as net charge-offs for 2006 increased 4 basis points to 0.14% of average loans held for investment.
4) Service fee income of $101.3 million in 2006 grew 129% over 2005 driven by the increase in the principal balance of loans serviced for others combined with solid hedging performance and slowing prepayments attributable to higher mortgage rates.
Operating expenses of $789.0 million reflected an increase of 28%, consistent with the growth in our operations and infrastructure investments in order to execute on our strategy to increase production and revenue. During 2006, we opened three new regional centers, which increased our total regional centers to 16 at December 31, 2006. In addition, average FTE increased 27% from 6,240 to 7,935 during the year supporting this growth.
The effective tax rate on earnings for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased to 39.1% from the 39.5% for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decline was due to a lower blended state tax rate as the Company further expanded geographically into states with lower tax rates. The effect of the decline on the net deferred tax liability further reduced the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 to 38.3%.
SUMMARY OF BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
Our mortgage banking segment consists of the following divisions:
| | |
Mortgage Professionals Group | | This group is responsible for the production of mortgage loans through relationships with mortgage brokers, mortgage bankers, financial institutions and homebuilders. Mortgage loans are either funded by us (wholesale division) or obtained as closed loans on a flow basis (wholesale and correspondent divisions) or through bulk purchases (conduit division). |
Consumer Direct | | This division offers consumers mortgage lending through our Southern California retail banking branches, direct mail, internet lead aggregators, outbound telesales, online advertising, and referral programs. |
Financial Freedom | | This group is responsible for the generation of predominantly reverse mortgage products with senior customers (age 62 or older). This group also services all reverse mortgage loans originated. |
MSRs and Other Retained Assets | | This division manages the assets the Company retains in conjunction with its mortgage loan sales. The assets held include the following asset classes:(i) mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), interest-only strips, prepayment penalty securities and residual securities; (ii) derivatives and securities held as hedges of such assets, including forward rate agreements, swaps, options, futures, principal-only securities, agency debentures and U.S. Treasury bonds; (iii) loans acquired throughclean-up calls or originated through the Company’s customer retention programs; and (iv) investment and non-investment grade securities. Further, the division continues to service all loans sold with servicing retained, loans held on the balance sheet pending sale and mortgage loans held for investment and undertakes solicitation and loan production activities related to retention of customers in the servicing portfolio unless prohibited by the servicing agreement. |
21
The thrift segment includes the following divisions:
| | |
Mortgage-backed Securities (“MBS”) | | Assets include predominantly AAA-rated agency and private label MBS. |
Prime SFR Mortgage Loans | | Assets include all single-family residential mortgage loans held for investment other than discontinued products. |
Home Equity Division | | This division specializes in providing HELOC and closed-end second mortgages nationwide through Indymac’s wholesale and retail channels. |
Consumer Construction Division | | This division providesconstruction-to-permanent and lot loan financing to individuals who are in the process of building their own homes. This channel leverages our relationship sales force in the mortgage professional channel to produce these products in addition to programs offered directly to consumers. |
Homebuilder Division | | This division offers land acquisition, development and construction financing to homebuilders for residential construction. |
Warehouse Lending Division | | This division offers short-term lines of credit to approved correspondent sellers nationwide. The group functions as a financial intermediary for lenders, providing them with the financial capacity to fund loans and hold them on balance sheet until they are sold to approved investors. |
Discontinued Products | | Home improvement and manufactured housing loans. |
The tables below summarize theyear-over-year performance of Indymac’s divisions. Detailed operating results for each division are provided on pages 24 to 27:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Mortgage Banking | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | MSRs and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Other
| | | Mortgage
| | | | | | | | | | | | Total
| | | | | | | |
| | Production
| | | Retained
| | | Banking
| | | | | | | | | Elimination
| | | Operating
| | | Corporate
| | | Company
| |
| | Divisions | | | Assets | | | Overhead(1) | | | Total | | | Thrift | | | & Other | | | Results | | | Overhead | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Net Income 2006 | | $ | 289,675 | | | $ | 91,246 | | | $ | (34,189 | ) | | $ | 346,732 | | | $ | 137,721 | | | $ | (34,346 | ) | | $ | 450,107 | | | $ | (107,178 | ) | | $ | 342,929 | |
Net Income 2005 | | | 268,085 | | | | 43,913 | | | | (28,061 | ) | | | 283,937 | | | | 134,938 | | | | (32,214 | ) | | | 386,661 | | | | (93,533 | ) | | | 293,128 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$ Change | | | 21,590 | | | | 47,333 | | | | (6,128 | ) | | | 62,795 | | | | 2,783 | | | | (2,132 | ) | | | 63,446 | | | | (13,645 | ) | | | 49,801 | |
% Change | | | 8 | % | | | 108 | % | | | (22 | )% | | | 22 | % | | | 2 | % | | | (7 | )% | | | 16 | % | | | (15 | )% | | | 17 | % |
Average Capital 2006 | | $ | 552,835 | | | $ | 370,451 | | | $ | 12,848 | | | $ | 936,134 | | | $ | 675,467 | | | $ | 2,108 | | | $ | 1,613,709 | | | $ | 182,551 | | | $ | 1,796,260 | |
Average Capital 2005 | | | 364,125 | | | | 193,959 | | | | 10,291 | | | | 568,375 | | | | 524,791 | | | | 1,464 | | | | 1,094,630 | | | | 286,237 | | | | 1,380,867 | |
% Change | | | 52 | % | | | 91 | % | | | 25 | % | | | 65 | % | | | 29 | % | | | 44 | % | | | 47 | % | | | (36 | )% | | | 30 | % |
ROE 2006 | | | 52 | % | | | 25 | % | | | N/A | | | | 37 | % | | | 20 | % | | | N/A | | | | 28 | % | | | N/A | | | | 19 | % |
ROE 2005 | | | 74 | % | | | 23 | % | | | N/A | | | | 50 | % | | | 26 | % | | | N/A | | | | 35 | % | | | N/A | | | | 21 | % |
% Change | | | (29 | )% | | | 9 | % | | | N/A | | | | (26 | )% | | | (21 | )% | | | N/A | | | | (21 | )% | | | N/A | | | | (10 | )% |
| | |
(1) | | Included production division overhead and servicing overhead of $24.1 million and $10.1 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2005, the production division overhead and servicing overhead were $18.5 million and $9.6 million, respectively. |
22
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Mortgage Banking Production Divisions | |
| | Mortgage Professionals Group | | | Consumer
| | | Financial
| | | Production
| |
| | Wholesale | | | Correspondent | | | Conduit | | | Total | | | Direct | | | Freedom | | | Divisions | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Net Income 2006 | | $ | 154,087 | | | $ | 18,773 | | | $ | 61,935 | | | $ | 234,795 | | | $ | 682 | | | $ | 54,198 | | | $ | 289,675 | |
Net Income 2005 | | | 191,576 | | | | 27,111 | | | | 25,090 | | | | 243,777 | | | | (525 | ) | | | 24,833 | | | | 268,085 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$ Change | | | (37,489 | ) | | | (8,338 | ) | | | 36,845 | | | | (8,982 | ) | | | 1,207 | | | | 29,365 | | | | 21,590 | |
% Change | | | (20 | )% | | | (31 | )% | | | 147 | % | | | (4 | )% | | | 230 | % | | | 118 | % | | | 8 | % |
Average Capital 2006 | | $ | 211,459 | | | $ | 51,870 | | | $ | 182,133 | | | $ | 445,462 | | | $ | 10,943 | | | $ | 96,430 | | | $ | 552,835 | |
Average Capital 2005 | | | 153,298 | | | | 27,551 | | | | 103,534 | | | | 284,383 | | | | 15,981 | | | | 63,761 | | | | 364,125 | |
% Change | | | 38 | % | | | 88 | % | | | 76 | % | | | 57 | % | | | (32 | )% | | | 51 | % | | | 52 | % |
ROE 2006 | | | 73 | % | | | 36 | % | | | 34 | % | | | 53 | % | | | 6 | % | | | 56 | % | | | 52 | % |
ROE 2005 | | | 125 | % | | | 98 | % | | | 24 | % | | | 86 | % | | | (3 | )% | | | 39 | % | | | 74 | % |
% Change | | | (42 | )% | | | (63 | )% | | | 40 | % | | | (39 | )% | | | 290 | % | | | 44 | % | | | (29 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Thrift | |
| | Mortgage-
| | | Prime SFR
| | | Home
| | | Consumer
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Backed
| | | Mortgage
| | | Equity
| | | Construction
| | | Homebuilder
| | | Warehouse
| | | Discontinued
| | | | |
| | Securities | | | Loans | | | Division | | | Division | | | Division | | | Lending | | | Products | | | Total Thrift | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Net Income 2006 | | $ | 18,099 | | | $ | 41,170 | | | $ | 23,521 | | | $ | 27,467 | | | $ | 26,775 | | | $ | 556 | | | $ | 133 | | | $ | 137,721 | |
Net Income 2005 | | | 18,122 | | | | 46,124 | | | | 22,454 | | | | 29,452 | | | | 20,133 | | | | (1,138 | ) | | | (209 | ) | | | 134,938 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$ Change | | | (23 | ) | | | (4,954 | ) | | | 1,067 | | | | (1,985 | ) | | | 6,642 | | | | 1,694 | | | | 342 | | | | 2,783 | |
% Change | | | — | | | | (11 | )% | | | 5 | % | | | (7 | )% | | | 33 | % | | | 149 | % | | | 164 | % | | | 2 | % |
Average Capital 2006 | | $ | 58,135 | | | $ | 227,937 | | | $ | 148,033 | | | $ | 123,273 | | | $ | 104,123 | | | $ | 10,382 | | | $ | 3,584 | | | $ | 675,467 | |
Average Capital 2005 | | | 40,342 | | | | 202,883 | | | | 95,907 | | | | 101,060 | | | | 78,051 | | | | 2,172 | | | | 4,376 | | | | 524,791 | |
% Change | | | 44 | % | | | 12 | % | | | 54 | % | | | 22 | % | | | 33 | % | | | N/M | | | | (18 | )% | | | 29 | % |
ROE 2006 | | | 31 | % | | | 18 | % | | | 16 | % | | | 22 | % | | | 26 | % | | | 5 | % | | | 4 | % | | | 20 | % |
ROE 2005 | | | 45 | % | | | 23 | % | | | 23 | % | | | 29 | % | | | 26 | % | | | (52 | )% | | | (5 | )% | | | 26 | % |
% Change | | | (31 | )% | | | (21 | )% | | | (32 | )% | | | (24 | )% | | | — | | | | N/M | | | | 178 | % | | | (21 | )% |
Total capital deployed in our operating business segments increased 47% to $1.6 billion in 2006 and earned a 28% return on equity before the impact of corporate overhead. Net of corporate overhead and including the excess undeployed capital, Indymac’s average capital of $1.8 billion earned a 19% return on equity for 2006.
We deployed 31% of our capital, or $552.8 million, into our Mortgage Production Divisions in 2006, an increase of 52% over 2005. Mortgage production earnings grew 8%; however the return on equity declined from 74% to 52% reflecting the narrower mortgage banking revenue margins. The wholesale and correspondent divisions reported stronger productionyear-over-year, but a reduction in net income as margins were lower in these two business linesyear-over-year. Our conduit division had a strong year with earnings growth of 147% mainly attributable to growth in production of 90%, while return on equity increased to 34% from 24%. Our reverse mortgage division continued to demonstrate strong returns with earnings and production growth of 118% and 71%, respectively. In addition, return on equity increased from 39% in 2005 to 56% in 2006. The strong returns in this business are reflective of the strong growth in demographics for the seniors market and the growing popularity of the reverse mortgage product. In light of the intensifying competition in the reverse mortgage market, the division will focus on improving its efficiency and thus improving its costs to originate. We expect the division to continue to grow in the future and expect it to maintain its industry leadership position in the reverse mortgage market.
We deployed 21% of our capital, or $370.5 million, into the MSRs and Other Retained Assets division, up from 14% one year ago, while return on equity at 25% remained flat. We target our pricing and hedging strategies to earn expected ROE of 18% to 23% for this segment. Given the volatility in this segment, returns in a quarter may substantially exceed or fall below the targeted level.
We deployed 38% of our capital, or $675.5 million, to the Thrift segment, a 29% increase over last year. Thrift’s return on equity declined from 26% to 20% over the same period. Net interest margin declined from 1.95% to 1.75% during a period of inverted yield curve. Factors contributing to the decline included higher cost of funds and hedging cost, higher premium amortization and increased non-performing loans. As a result, net interest income increased by only 12% in spite of the 25% increase in average interest earning assets. Additionally, provision for loan losses and write-downs on residual securities increased substantially due to worsening credit quality of our portfolio and the collateral supporting the residual securities.
23
DETAIL CHANNEL SEGMENT RESULTS
The following tables summarize the Company’s financial results for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 by its two primary segments via each of its operating divisions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Mortgage Banking | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | MSRs and
| | | Mortgage
| | | | | | | | | | | | Total
| | | | | | | |
| | Production
| | | Other Retained
| | | Banking
| | | | | | | | | Elimination
| | | Operating
| | | Corporate
| | | Total
| |
Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | Divisions | | | Assets | | | Overhead(1) | | | Total | | | Thrift | | | & Other(2) | | | Results | | | Overhead | | | Company | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 170,786 | | | $ | 60,497 | | | $ | 562 | | | $ | 231,845 | | | $ | 259,052 | | | $ | 44,561 | | | $ | 535,458 | | | $ | (8,737 | ) | | $ | 526,721 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (19,993 | ) | | | — | | | | (19,993 | ) | | | — | | | | (19,993 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 637,966 | | | | 31,477 | | | | — | | | | 669,443 | | | | 66,634 | | | | (68,023 | ) | | | 668,054 | | | | — | | | | 668,054 | |
Service fee income | | | 21,141 | | | | 84,071 | | | | — | | | | 105,212 | | | | 466 | | | | (4,361 | ) | | | 101,317 | | | | — | | | | 101,317 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | 22,014 | | | | — | | | | 22,014 | | | | (12,725 | ) | | | 11,193 | | | | 20,482 | | | | — | | | | 20,482 | |
Other income | | | 1,895 | | | | 7,015 | | | | 3,295 | | | | 12,205 | | | | 37,361 | | | | (1,664 | ) | | | 47,902 | | | | 2,220 | | | | 50,122 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 831,788 | | | | 205,074 | | | | 3,857 | | | | 1,040,719 | | | | 330,795 | | | | (18,294 | ) | | | 1,353,220 | | | | (6,517 | ) | | | 1,346,703 | |
Operating expenses | | | 594,041 | | | | 63,312 | | | | 59,997 | | | | 717,350 | | | | 121,621 | | | | 49,009 | | | | 887,980 | | | | 169,473 | | | | 1,057,453 | |
Deferred expense under FAS 91 | | | (238,979 | ) | | | (8,068 | ) | | | — | | | | (247,047 | ) | | | (16,970 | ) | | | (2,229 | ) | | | (266,246 | ) | | | — | | | | (266,246 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 476,726 | | | | 149,830 | | | | (56,140 | ) | | | 570,416 | | | | 226,144 | | | | (65,074 | ) | | | 731,486 | | | | (175,990 | ) | | | 555,496 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 289,675 | | | $ | 91,246 | | | $ | (34,189 | ) | | $ | 346,732 | | | $ | 137,721 | | | $ | (34,346 | ) | | $ | 450,107 | | | $ | (107,178 | ) | | $ | 342,929 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Relevant Financial and Performance Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 9,856,626 | | | $ | 862,271 | | | $ | 2,472 | | | $ | 10,721,369 | | | $ | 14,808,096 | | | $ | (89,838 | ) | | $ | 25,439,627 | | | $ | 588,649 | | | $ | 26,028,276 | |
Allocated capital | | | 552,835 | | | | 370,451 | | | | 12,848 | | | | 936,134 | | | | 675,467 | | | | 2,108 | | | | 1,613,709 | | | | 182,551 | | | | 1,796,260 | |
Loans produced | | | 84,205,831 | | | | 2,698,332 | | | | N/A | | | | 86,904,163 | | | | 4,793,661 | | | | N/A | | | | 91,697,824 | | | | N/A | | | | 91,697,824 | |
Loans sold | | | 80,906,387 | | | | 2,055,905 | | | | N/A | | | | 82,962,292 | | | | 5,271,485 | | | | (9,184,815 | ) | | | 79,048,962 | | | | N/A | | | | 79,048,962 | |
MBR margin | | | 1.00 | % | | | 1.53 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.01 | % | | | 1.26 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 1.06 | % |
ROE | | | 52 | % | | | 25 | % | | | N/A | | | | 37 | % | | | 20 | % | | | N/A | | | | 28 | % | | | N/A | | | | 19 | % |
ROA | | | 2.87 | % | | | 3.49 | % | | | N/A | | | | 2.70 | % | | | 0.92 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.62 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.17 | % |
Net interest margin, thrift. | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 1.75 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 1.93 | % |
Average FTE | | | 4,471 | | | | 207 | | | | 1,060 | | | | 5,738 | | | | 649 | | | | 314 | | | | 6,701 | | | | 1,234 | | | | 7,935 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 117,693 | | | $ | 45,160 | | | $ | (1,290 | ) | | $ | 161,563 | | | $ | 230,394 | | | $ | 43,430 | | | $ | 435,387 | | | $ | (10,676 | ) | | $ | 424,711 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (9,978 | ) | | | — | | | | (9,978 | ) | | | — | | | | (9,978 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 592,229 | | | | 14,985 | | | | — | | | | 607,214 | | | | 45,365 | | | | (60,404 | ) | | | 592,175 | | | | — | | | | 592,175 | |
Service fee income | | | 12,650 | | | | 31,594 | | | | — | | | | 44,244 | | | | 6,154 | | | | (6,163 | ) | | | 44,235 | | | | — | | | | 44,235 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | 12,810 | | | | — | | | | 12,810 | | | | 2,866 | | | | 2,190 | | | | 17,866 | | | | — | | | | 17,866 | |
Other income | | | 1,668 | | | | 2,697 | | | | 1,989 | | | | 6,354 | | | | 31,958 | | | | (4,040 | ) | | | 34,272 | | | | 2,429 | | | | 36,701 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 724,240 | | | | 107,246 | | | | 699 | | | | 832,185 | | | | 306,759 | | | | (24,987 | ) | | | 1,113,957 | | | | (8,247 | ) | | | 1,105,710 | |
Operating expenses | | | 477,154 | | | | 36,624 | | | | 47,080 | | | | 560,858 | | | | 102,861 | | | | 35,319 | | | | 699,038 | | | | 145,954 | | | | 844,992 | |
Deferred expense under FAS 91 | | | (196,233 | ) | | | (1,963 | ) | | | — | | | | (198,196 | ) | | | (19,143 | ) | | | (7,060 | ) | | | (224,399 | ) | | | — | | | | (224,399 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 443,319 | | | | 72,585 | | | | (46,381 | ) | | | 469,523 | | | | 223,041 | | | | (53,246 | ) | | | 639,318 | | | | (154,201 | ) | | | 485,117 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 268,085 | | | $ | 43,913 | | | $ | (28,061 | ) | | $ | 283,937 | | | $ | 134,938 | | | $ | (32,214 | ) | | $ | 386,661 | | | $ | (93,533 | ) | | $ | 293,128 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Relevant Financial and Performance Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 6,489,208 | | | $ | 629,027 | | | $ | (106 | ) | | $ | 7,118,129 | | | $ | 11,825,555 | | | $ | (66,938 | ) | | $ | 18,876,746 | | | $ | 768,266 | | | $ | 19,645,012 | |
Allocated capital | | | 364,125 | | | | 193,959 | | | | 10,291 | | | | 568,375 | | | | 524,791 | | | | 1,464 | | | | 1,094,630 | | | | 286,237 | | | | 1,380,867 | |
Loans produced | | | 56,493,453 | | | | 1,079,142 | | | | N/A | | | | 57,572,595 | | | | 5,141,689 | | | | — | | | | 62,714,284 | | | | N/A | | | | 62,714,284 | |
Loans sold | | | 54,284,169 | | | | 1,315,673 | | | | N/A | | | | 55,599,842 | | | | 3,357,700 | | | | (6,660,302 | ) | | | 52,297,240 | | | | N/A | | | | 52,297,240 | |
MBR margin | | | 1.31 | % | | | 1.14 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.30 | % | | | 1.35 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 1.36 | % |
ROE | | | 74 | % | | | 23 | % | | | N/A | | | | 50 | % | | | 26 | % | | | N/A | | | | 35 | % | | | N/A | | | | 21 | % |
ROA | | | 4.04 | % | | | 2.87 | % | | | N/A | | | | 3.42 | % | | | 1.14 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.92 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.38 | % |
Net interest margin, thrift. | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 1.95 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 2.10 | % |
Average FTE | | | 3,511 | | | | 140 | | | | 781 | | | | 4,432 | | | | 570 | | | | 238 | | | | 5,240 | | | | 1,000 | | | | 6,240 | |
| | |
(1) | | Included in the mortgage banking overhead was $24.1 million and $10.1 million production division overhead and servicing overhead, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2005, the production division overhead and servicing overhead were $18.5 million and $9.6 million servicing overhead. |
|
(2) | | Included are eliminations, deposits, and treasury items, the details of which are provided on page 27. |
24
The following tables provide additional detail on the results for the production divisions of our mortgage banking segment for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Mortgage Banking Production Divisions | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Financial
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Freedom
| | | Total
| |
| | Mortgage Professionals Group | | | Consumer
| | | (Reverse
| | | Production
| |
Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | Wholesale | | | Correspondent | | | Conduit | | | Total | | | Direct | | | Mortgage) | | | Divisions | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 64,218 | | | $ | 15,005 | | | $ | 79,138 | | | $ | 158,361 | | | $ | 2,507 | | | $ | 9,918 | | | $ | 170,786 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 353,955 | | | | 38,229 | | | | 52,465 | | | | 444,649 | | | | 32,473 | | | | 160,844 | | | | 637,966 | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | �� | | | | — | | | | 21,141 | | | | 21,141 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other income | | | — | | | | — | | | | (63 | ) | | | (63 | ) | | | 806 | | | | 1,152 | | | | 1,895 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 418,173 | | | | 53,234 | | | | 131,540 | | | | 602,947 | | | | 35,786 | | | | 193,055 | | | | 831,788 | |
Operating expenses | | | 324,503 | | | | 47,359 | | | | 29,841 | | | | 401,703 | | | | 57,092 | | | | 135,246 | | | | 594,041 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (159,346 | ) | | | (24,951 | ) | | | — | | | | (184,297 | ) | | | (22,426 | ) | | | (32,256 | ) | | | (238,979 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 253,016 | | | | 30,826 | | | | 101,699 | | | | 385,541 | | | | 1,120 | | | | 90,065 | | | | 476,726 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 154,087 | | | $ | 18,773 | | | $ | 61,935 | | | $ | 234,795 | | | $ | 682 | | | $ | 54,198 | | | $ | 289,675 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Relevant Financial and Performance Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 3,930,599 | | | $ | 954,680 | | | $ | 4,149,226 | | | $ | 9,034,505 | | | $ | 204,641 | | | $ | 617,480 | | | $ | 9,856,626 | |
Allocated capital | | | 211,459 | | | | 51,870 | | | | 182,133 | | | | 445,462 | | | | 10,943 | | | | 96,430 | | | | 552,835 | |
Loans produced | | | 36,859,055 | | | | 10,263,616 | | | | 30,102,134 | | | | 77,224,805 | | | | 1,957,493 | | | | 5,023,533 | | | | 84,205,831 | |
Loans sold | | | 36,041,893 | | | | 9,940,275 | | | | 28,425,553 | | | | 74,407,721 | | | | 2,000,314 | | | | 4,498,352 | | | | 80,906,387 | |
MBR margin | | | 1.16 | % | | | 0.54 | % | | | 0.46 | % | | | 0.81 | % | | | 1.75 | % | | | 3.80 | % | | | 1.00 | % |
Pretax income/loan sold | | | 0.70 | % | | | 0.31 | % | | | 0.36 | % | | | 0.52 | % | | | 0.06 | % | | | 2.00 | % | | | 0.59 | % |
ROE | | | 73 | % | | | 36 | % | | | 34 | % | | | 53 | % | | | 6 | % | | | 56 | % | | | 52 | % |
ROA | | | 3.91 | % | | | 1.96 | % | | | 1.48 | % | | | 2.58 | % | | | 0.32 | % | | | 6.77 | % | | | 2.87 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 1.63 | % | | | 1.57 | % | | | 1.91 | % | | | 1.75 | % | | | 1.23 | % | | | 1.61 | % | | | 1.73 | % |
Average FTE | | | 2,418 | | | | 240 | | | | 147 | | | | 2,805 | | | | 394 | | | | 1,272 | | | | 4,471 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 48,763 | | | $ | 10,829 | | | $ | 49,762 | | | $ | 109,354 | | | $ | 5,459 | | | $ | 2,880 | | | $ | 117,693 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 394,498 | | | | 48,235 | | | | 9,974 | | | | 452,707 | | | | 59,260 | | | | 80,262 | | | | 592,229 | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | (276 | ) | | | (276 | ) | | | — | | | | 12,926 | | | | 12,650 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other income | | | 156 | | | | — | | | | 144 | | | | 300 | | | | 316 | | | | 1,052 | | | | 1,668 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 443,417 | | | | 59,064 | | | | 59,604 | | | | 562,085 | | | | 65,035 | | | | 97,120 | | | | 724,240 | |
Operating expenses | | | 255,147 | | | | 30,764 | | | | 18,133 | | | | 304,044 | | | | 94,942 | | | | 78,168 | | | | 477,154 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (128,385 | ) | | | (16,511 | ) | | | — | | | | (144,896 | ) | | | (29,038 | ) | | | (22,299 | ) | | | (196,233 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 316,655 | | | | 44,811 | | | | 41,471 | | | | 402,937 | | | | (869 | ) | | | 41,251 | | | | 443,319 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 191,576 | | | $ | 27,111 | | | $ | 25,090 | | | $ | 243,777 | | | $ | (525 | ) | | $ | 24,833 | | | $ | 268,085 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Relevant Financial and Performance Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 3,192,851 | | | $ | 590,614 | | | $ | 2,236,944 | | | $ | 6,020,409 | | | $ | 319,106 | | | $ | 149,693 | | | $ | 6,489,208 | |
Allocated capital | | | 153,298 | | | | 27,551 | | | | 103,534 | | | | 284,383 | | | | 15,981 | | | | 63,761 | | | | 364,125 | |
Loans produced | | | 29,145,082 | | | | 5,718,598 | | | | 15,810,873 | | | | 50,674,553 | | | | 2,883,559 | | | | 2,935,341 | | | | 56,493,453 | |
Loans sold | | | 28,358,598 | | | | 5,424,613 | | | | 14,819,081 | | | | 48,602,292 | | | | 2,852,465 | | | | 2,829,412 | | | | 54,284,169 | |
MBR margin | | | 1.56 | % | | | 1.09 | % | | | 0.40 | % | | | 1.16 | % | | | 2.27 | % | | | 2.94 | % | | | 1.31 | % |
Pretax income/loan sold | | | 1.12 | % | | | 0.83 | % | | | 0.28 | % | | | 0.83 | % | | | (0.03 | )% | | | 1.46 | % | | | 0.82 | % |
ROE | | | 125 | % | | | 98 | % | | | 24 | % | | | 86 | % | | | (3 | )% | | | 39 | % | | | 74 | % |
ROA | | | 5.99 | % | | | 4.58 | % | | | 1.12 | % | | | 4.04 | % | | | (0.16 | )% | | | 9.12 | % | | | 4.04 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 1.53 | % | | | 1.83 | % | | | 2.22 | % | | | 1.82 | % | | | 1.71 | % | | | 1.92 | % | | | 1.81 | % |
Average FTE | | | 1,860 | | | | 181 | | | | 107 | | | | 2,148 | | | | 589 | | | | 774 | | | | 3,511 | |
25
The following tables provide additional detail on the results for divisions of our thrift segment for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Thrift | |
| | Mortgage-
| | | Prime SFR
| | | Home
| | | Consumer
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Backed
| | | Mortgage
| | | Equity
| | | Construction
| | | Homebuilder
| | | Warehouse
| | | Discontinued
| | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | Securities | | | Loans | | | Division | | | Division | | | Division | | | Lending | | | Products | | | Total Thrift | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 31,809 | | | $ | 76,081 | | | $ | 39,503 | | | $ | 45,546 | | | $ | 60,422 | | | $ | 3,489 | | | $ | 2,202 | | | $ | 259,052 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | (9,225 | ) | | | (1,800 | ) | | | (3,322 | ) | | | (3,800 | ) | | | (181 | ) | | | (1,665 | ) | | | (19,993 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | (122 | ) | | | 3,703 | | | | 23,996 | | | | 39,068 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11 | ) | | | 66,634 | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | 466 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 466 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | (834 | ) | | | 384 | | | | (12,934 | ) | | | 659 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (12,725 | ) |
Other income | | | (3 | ) | | | 1,637 | | | | 8,723 | | | | 23,412 | | | | 1,867 | | | | 1,725 | | | | — | | | | 37,361 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 30,850 | | | | 72,580 | | | | 57,954 | | | | 105,363 | | | | 58,489 | | | | 5,033 | | | | 526 | | | | 330,795 | |
Operating expenses | | | 1,131 | | | | 4,978 | | | | 20,496 | | | | 69,073 | | | | 21,516 | | | | 4,120 | | | | 307 | | | | 121,621 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,165 | ) | | | (8,812 | ) | | | (6,993 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (16,970 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 29,719 | | | | 67,602 | | | | 38,623 | | | | 45,102 | | | | 43,966 | | | | 913 | | | | 219 | | | | 226,144 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 18,099 | | | $ | 41,170 | | | $ | 23,521 | | | $ | 27,467 | | | $ | 26,775 | | | $ | 556 | | | $ | 133 | | | $ | 137,721 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Relevant Financial and Performance Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 3,258,988 | | | $ | 5,876,399 | | | $ | 1,934,429 | | | $ | 2,502,397 | | | $ | 1,076,213 | | | $ | 119,043 | | | $ | 40,627 | | | $ | 14,808,096 | |
Allocated capital | | | 58,135 | | | | 227,937 | | | | 148,033 | | | | 123,273 | | | | 104,123 | | | | 10,382 | | | | 3,584 | | | | 675,467 | |
Loans produced | | | — | | | | — | | | | 109,375 | | | | 2,937,596 | | | | 1,746,690 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,793,661 | |
Loans sold | | | — | | | | 170,296 | | | | 2,604,875 | | | | 2,496,314 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,271,485 | |
ROE | | | 31 | % | | | 18 | % | | | 16 | % | | | 22 | % | | | 26 | % | | | 5 | % | | | 4 | % | | | 20 | % |
ROA | | | 0.55 | % | | | 0.70 | % | | | 1.18 | % | | | 1.10 | % | | | 2.51 | % | | | 0.47 | % | | | 0.37 | % | | | 0.92 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 0.98 | % | | | 1.29 | % | | | 2.04 | % | | | 1.82 | % | | | 5.61 | % | | | 2.93 | % | | | 5.42 | % | | | 1.75 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 4 | % | | | 6 | % | | | 32 | % | | | 55 | % | | | 23 | % | | | 79 | % | | | 14 | % | | | 30 | % |
Average FTE | | | 5 | | | | 13 | | | | 75 | | | | 422 | | | | 108 | | | | 26 | | | | — | | | | 649 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 30,086 | | | $ | 73,231 | | | $ | 32,840 | | | $ | 46,122 | | | $ | 44,458 | | | $ | 632 | | | $ | 3,025 | | | $ | 230,394 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | (3,750 | ) | | | — | | | | (2,596 | ) | | | (900 | ) | | | (117 | ) | | | (2,615 | ) | | | (9,978 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 92 | | | | 8,806 | | | | 3,098 | | | | 33,169 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 200 | | | | 45,365 | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | 953 | | | | 5,200 | | | | — | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,154 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | 776 | | | | — | | | | 1,221 | | | | 869 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,866 | |
Other income | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | 8,268 | | | | 21,905 | | | | 1,409 | | | | 374 | | | | 4 | | | | 31,958 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 30,953 | | | | 79,239 | | | | 50,627 | | | | 99,469 | | | | 44,968 | | | | 889 | | | | 614 | | | | 306,759 | |
Operating expenses | | | 999 | | | | 3,000 | | | | 15,558 | | | | 61,526 | | | | 18,049 | | | | 2,770 | | | | 959 | | | | 102,861 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,046 | ) | | | (10,738 | ) | | | (6,359 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (19,143 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 29,954 | | | | 76,239 | | | | 37,115 | | | | 48,681 | | | | 33,278 | | | | (1,881 | ) | | | (345 | ) | | | 223,041 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 18,122 | | | $ | 46,124 | | | $ | 22,454 | | | $ | 29,452 | | | $ | 20,133 | | | $ | (1,138 | ) | | $ | (209 | ) | | $ | 134,938 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Relevant Financial and Performance Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 2,212,816 | | | $ | 4,993,311 | | | $ | 1,648,086 | | | $ | 2,106,111 | | | $ | 794,166 | | | $ | 21,831 | | | $ | 49,234 | | | $ | 11,825,555 | |
Allocated capital | | | 40,342 | | | | 202,883 | | | | 95,907 | | | | 101,060 | | | | 78,051 | | | | 2,172 | | | | 4,376 | | | | 524,791 | |
Loans produced | | | — | | | | — | | | | 207,968 | | | | 2,993,962 | | | | 1,939,759 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,141,689 | |
Loans sold | | | — | | | | 543,542 | | | | 560,881 | | | | 2,253,277 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,357,700 | |
ROE | | | 45 | % | | | 23 | % | | | 23 | % | | | 29 | % | | | 26 | % | | | (52 | )% | | | (5 | )% | | | 26 | % |
ROA | | | 0.81 | % | | | 0.92 | % | | | 1.34 | % | | | 1.40 | % | | | 2.56 | % | | | (5.08 | )% | | | (0.49 | )% | | | 1.14 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 1.36 | % | | | 1.47 | % | | | 1.99 | % | | | 2.19 | % | | | 5.60 | % | | | 2.89 | % | | | 6.14 | % | | | 1.95 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 3 | % | | | 4 | % | | | 27 | % | | | 50 | % | | | 25 | % | | | 275 | % | | | 30 | % | | | 26 | % |
Average FTE | | | 5 | | | | 11 | | | | 36 | | | | 395 | | | | 93 | | | | 20 | | | | 10 | | | | 570 | |
26
The following tables provide additional detail on deposits, treasury and eliminations for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Eliminations | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | MSR
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Interdivision
| | | Economic
| | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | Deposits | | | Treasury | | | Loan Sales | | | Value | | | Other | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | — | | | $ | (3,343 | ) | | $ | 32,275 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 15,629 | | | $ | 44,561 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | — | | | | — | | | | (68,023 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (68,023 | ) |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | (4,361 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (4,361 | ) |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11,193 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11,193 | |
Other income | | | 3,476 | | | | 677 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,817 | ) | | | (1,664 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 3,476 | | | | (2,666 | ) | | | (28,916 | ) | | | — | | | | 9,812 | | | | (18,294 | ) |
Operating expenses | | | 26,764 | | | | 8,529 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,716 | | | | 49,009 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,229 | ) | | | (2,229 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | (23,288 | ) | | | (11,195 | ) | | | (28,916 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,675 | ) | | | (65,074 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (14,182 | ) | | $ | (6,818 | ) | | $ | (17,610 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,264 | | | $ | (34,346 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Relevant Financial and Performance Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 181 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (90,019 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (89,838 | ) |
Allocated capital | | | 2,108 | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,108 | |
Loans produced | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | $ | N/A | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | N/A | |
Loans sold | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | $ | (9,184,815 | ) | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | $ | (9,184,815 | ) |
ROE | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
ROA | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Net interest margin | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Efficiency ratio | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Average FTE | | | 270 | | | | 44 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 314 | |
Year ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,405 | | | $ | 19,877 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 14,148 | | | $ | 43,430 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | — | | | | — | | | | (62,204 | ) | | | — | | | | 1,800 | | | | (60,404 | ) |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,970 | | | | (11,133 | ) | | | — | | | | (6,163 | ) |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,190 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,190 | |
Other income | | | 2,486 | | | | 566 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,092 | ) | | | (4,040 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 2,486 | | | | 9,971 | | | �� | (35,167 | ) | | | (11,133 | ) | | | 8,856 | | | | (24,987 | ) |
Operating expenses | | | 16,045 | | | | 5,003 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 14,271 | | | | 35,319 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,060 | ) | | | (7,060 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | (13,559 | ) | | | 4,968 | | | | (35,167 | ) | | | (11,133 | ) | | | 1,645 | | | | (53,246 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (8,203 | ) | | $ | 3,006 | | | $ | (21,276 | ) | | $ | (6,736 | ) | | $ | 995 | | | $ | (32,214 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Relevant Financial and Performance Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 180 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (67,118 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (66,938 | ) |
Allocated capital | | | 1,464 | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,464 | |
Loans produced | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Loans sold | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | $ | (6,660,302 | ) | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | $ | (6,660,302 | ) |
ROE | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
ROA | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Net interest margin | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Efficiency ratio | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Average FTE | | | 206 | | | | 32 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 238 | |
27
Accounting Methodology for Reporting Segment Financial Results
The profitability of each operating channel is measured on a fully-leveraged basis after allocating capital based on regulatory capital rules. The Company uses a fund transfer pricing (“FTP”) system to allocate interest expense to the operating channels. Each operating channel is allocated funding with maturities and interest rates matched with the expected lives and repricing frequencies of the channel’s assets. The difference between these allocations and the Company’s actual net interest income and capital levels resulting from centralized management of funding costs is reported in the Treasury unit and Corporate Overhead, respectively. Trust preferred is allocated to the operating channels, which results in higher interest expense at the operating channel level but reduces the capital charge to each operating channel. This is more reflective of our use of trust preferred as a component of capital.
The mortgage production divisions are credited with gain on sale of loans based on the actual amount realized for loans sold in the period for that division. Loans are occasionally transferred (“sold”) from the production divisions to the thrift divisions at a premium based on the estimated fair value. The premium paid for the loans is recorded as a gain in the production divisions and a premium on the asset in the thrift divisions and eliminated in consolidation. In subsequent periods, this premium is amortized as part of the thrift divisions’ net interest margin and the amortization is reversed in Eliminations.
Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 91,“Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases”(“SFAS 91”), certain fees and related incremental direct costs associated with originating loans are required to be deferred when incurred. SFAS 91 fees and expenses are deferred at production and subsequently recognized at sale. This is reflected as a reclassification reducing operating expenses and loan fees with the net deferral reported as a component of the gain on sale. The deferral of direct origination costs is shown separately as a contra to the gross operating expenses in the detail segment tables on pages 24 to 27 to enable the computation of gross cost per funded loan.
The Company hedges the MSRs to protect their economic value. The results in the business segment tables above reflect the economic fair value of MSRs. Prior to the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 156,“Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”(“SFAS 156”) on January 1, 2006, the economic fair value may vary from the generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) value due to the lower of cost or market limitations of GAAP. Differences between the economic value and the GAAP value were eliminated in consolidation. Also in 2006, the Company has revised its capital allocation on MSRs to conform to updated regulatory capital guidelines. Prior period segment data was revised accordingly.
The Company’s corporate overhead costs such as corporate salaries and related expenses, and non-recurring corporate items are not allocated to the operating channels. Also, for purposes of calculating average interest-earning assets, the allowance for loan losses is excluded.
28
PRODUCT PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
As part of our process of measuring results and holding managers responsible for specific targets, we evaluate profitability at the product level in addition to our segment results. We currently have four product groups:
| | |
Standard Consumer Home Loans Held forSale | | Includes first mortgage products originated for sale through the various Indymac channels (excluding servicing retained and consumer construction channels). These products include agency conforming, Alt-A and subprime loans. |
|
| | Agency Conforming |
|
| | First mortgage loans for sale that meet the underwriting guidelines of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. |
|
| | Alt-A |
|
| | First mortgage loans for sale that have prime credit characteristics, but do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines. We sell Alt-A loans to the GSEs on a negotiated basis even though the loans do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines. |
|
| | Subprime |
|
| | Includes first mortgage loans that are extended to borrowers with impaired credit with one or more of the following characteristics: 1) FICO score of less than 620; 2) late mortgage payment in the last 12 months; and 3) bankruptcy in the last 2 years. |
|
Specialty Consumer Home Loans Held forSale and/orInvestment | | Includes specialty mortgage products originated through the various Indymac channels and adjusted for intercompany activity. These products include, HELOCs/seconds, reverse mortgages, CTP/Lot and discontinued products. |
|
| | HELOCs/Seconds |
|
| | Home equity lines of credit and closed-end second mortgages. |
|
| | Reverse Mortgages |
|
| | Reverse mortgage loans extended to borrowers age 62 and older secured by equity in a primary residence. |
|
| | CTP/Lot |
|
| | Loans made to homeowners for the construction of new custom homes and the subsequent permanent mortgage, and lot loans. |
|
| | Discontinued |
|
| | Dealer originated manufactured housing and home improvement loans. |
|
Home Loans and Related Investments | | Includes all investment related activity including home loans held for investment, variable cash flow instruments, mortgage-backed securities and other related investments. |
|
| | Retained Assets and Retention Activities |
|
| | Mortgage banking, trading and hedging activity associated with the purchase, management and sale of mortgage banking assets and variable cash flow instruments retained in connection with the Company’s loan sales. Activity also includes loans acquired throughclean-up calls and originated through customer retention programs. |
29
| | |
| | MBS |
|
| | Trading and investment activity related to the purchase, management and sale of investment grade mortgage-backed securities. |
|
| | SFR Loans Held for Investment |
|
| | Company-wide loan investment activity related to the purchase, management and sale of single family residential mortgage loans held for investment. |
|
Specialty Commercial Loans Held for Investment | | Includes the consolidated loan activity associated with loans that are made to commercial customers such as homebuilders, commercial builders and mortgage brokers and bankers for the purposes of either building residential homes or financing the purchase of these homes. |
|
| | Single Spec |
|
| | Loans that are made to homebuilders to build individual custom homes for resale to consumers. |
|
| | Builder Financing |
|
| | Subdivision lending for commercial acquisition, development and construction loans to commercial builders. |
|
| | Warehouse Lending |
|
| | Warehouse lines of credit to mortgage brokers to finance their inventory of loans prior to sale. |
|
Overhead | | Includes all fixed operating costs associated with production divisions and servicing loans that are not allocated to the respective products for which these services are provided. In addition, it includes all corporate fixed costs that do not vary in the short term with changes in business activity. These fixed costs include corporate administration, financial management, enterprise risk management, centralized information technology and other unallocated fixed costs. |
30
The following tables summarize the profitability for each of the four product groups and the loan servicing operations for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Home
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Standard
| | | Specialty
| | | Loans &
| | | Specialty
| | | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended
| | Consumer
| | | Consumer
| | | Related
| | | Commercial
| | | | | | | | | Total
| |
December 31, 2006 | | Home Loans | | | Home Loans | | | Investments | | | Loans | | | Treasury | | | Overhead | | | Company | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 126,582 | | | $ | 151,281 | | | $ | 168,025 | | | $ | 77,184 | | | $ | (3,343 | ) | | $ | 6,992 | | | $ | 526,721 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | (6,371 | ) | | | (9,225 | ) | | | (4,397 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (19,993 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 432,508 | | | | 200,488 | | | | 35,058 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 668,054 | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | 27,139 | | | | 72,227 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,951 | | | | 101,317 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | (16,849 | ) | | | 37,331 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 20,482 | |
Other income | | | — | | | | 30,964 | | | | 6,920 | | | | 7,644 | | | | 677 | | | | 3,917 | | | | 50,122 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenue (expense) | | | 559,090 | | | | 386,652 | | | | 310,336 | | | | 80,431 | | | | (2,666 | ) | | | 12,860 | | | | 1,346,703 | |
Variable expenses | | | 233,344 | | | | 169,448 | | | | 10,988 | | | | 11,376 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 425,156 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (178,637 | ) | | | (74,536 | ) | | | (5,772 | ) | | | (7,301 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (266,246 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 186,182 | | | | 94,937 | | | | 53,824 | | | | 18,875 | | | | 8,529 | | | | 269,950 | | | | 632,297 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 318,201 | | | | 196,803 | | | | 251,296 | | | | 57,481 | | | | (11,195 | ) | | | (257,090 | ) | | | 555,496 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 193,784 | | | $ | 119,201 | | | $ | 153,039 | | | $ | 35,006 | | | $ | (6,818 | ) | | $ | (151,283 | ) | | $ | 342,929 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 8,536,706 | | | $ | 5,574,028 | | | $ | 9,915,749 | | | $ | 1,439,550 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 562,243 | | | $ | 26,028,276 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 398,215 | | | $ | 373,204 | | | $ | 625,455 | | | $ | 133,069 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 266,317 | | | $ | 1,796,260 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | 49 | % | | | 32 | % | | | 24 | % | | | 26 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 19 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 1.48 | % | | | 2.71 | % | | | 1.69 | % | | | 5.36 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 2.02 | % |
MBR margin | | | 0.88 | % | | | 1.88 | % | | | 1.57 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 1.06 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 43 | % | | | 48 | % | | | 18 | % | | | 27 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 58 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 70,043,484 | | | $ | 17,484,288 | | | $ | 2,232,454 | | | $ | 1,937,598 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 91,697,824 | |
Loans sold | | $ | 63,635,182 | | | $ | 13,187,579 | | | $ | 2,226,201 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 79,048,962 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 98,061 | | | $ | 107,441 | | | $ | 154,099 | | | $ | 56,087 | | | $ | 9,153 | | | $ | (130 | ) | | $ | 424,711 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | (4,699 | ) | | | (3,750 | ) | | | (1,529 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (9,978 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 438,995 | | | | 126,842 | | | | 26,338 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 592,175 | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | 18,126 | | | | 36,043 | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | (9,935 | ) | | | 44,235 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | 2,090 | | | | 15,776 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 17,866 | |
Other income | | | — | | | | 29,242 | | | | 2,695 | | | | 3,770 | | | | 566 | | | | 428 | | | | 36,701 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenue (expense) | | | 537,056 | | | | 279,042 | | | | 231,201 | | | | 58,329 | | | | 9,719 | | | | (9,637 | ) | | | 1,105,710 | |
Variable expenses | | | 218,381 | | | | 126,077 | | | | 3,734 | | | | 16,874 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 365,066 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (160,543 | ) | | | (54,845 | ) | | | (1,963 | ) | | | (7,048 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (224,399 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 150,815 | | | | 56,092 | | | | 35,251 | | | | 9,418 | | | | 5,003 | | | | 223,347 | | | | 479,926 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 328,403 | | | | 151,718 | | | | 194,179 | | | | 39,085 | | | | 4,716 | | | | (232,984 | ) | | | 485,117 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 198,684 | | | $ | 91,666 | | | $ | 117,478 | | | $ | 23,647 | | | $ | 2,854 | | | $ | (141,201 | ) | | $ | 293,128 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 6,037,836 | | | $ | 4,050,747 | | | $ | 7,813,287 | | | $ | 996,350 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 746,792 | | | $ | 19,645,012 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 274,935 | | | $ | 225,414 | | | $ | 436,090 | | | $ | 94,528 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 349,900 | | | $ | 1,380,867 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | 72 | % | | | 41 | % | | | 27 | % | | | 25 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 21 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 1.62 | % | | | 2.65 | % | | | 1.97 | % | | | 5.63 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 2.16 | % |
MBR margin | | | 1.22 | % | | | 2.33 | % | | | 1.42 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 1.36 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 39 | % | | | 45 | % | | | 16 | % | | | 32 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 56 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 48,151,564 | | | $ | 11,389,658 | | | $ | 901,365 | | | $ | 2,271,697 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 62,714,284 | |
Loans sold | | $ | 44,146,314 | | | $ | 6,291,711 | | | $ | 1,859,215 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 52,297,240 | |
31
The following tables provide details on the profitability for the standard consumer home loans held for sale for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Standard Consumer Home Loans Held for Sale | |
Year Ended
| | Agency
| | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2006 | | Conforming | | | Alt-A | | | Subprime | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 1,757 | | | $ | 94,707 | | | $ | 30,118 | | | $ | 126,582 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 1,868 | | | | 407,635 | | | | 23,005 | | | | 432,508 | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 3,625 | | | | 502,342 | | | | 53,123 | | | | 559,090 | |
Variable expenses | | | 7,420 | | | | 196,971 | | | | 28,953 | | | | 233,344 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (6,030 | ) | | | (150,322 | ) | | | (22,285 | ) | | | (178,637 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 5,271 | | | | 163,240 | | | | 17,671 | | | | 186,182 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | (3,036 | ) | | | 292,453 | | | | 28,784 | | | | 318,201 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (1,849 | ) | | $ | 178,104 | | | $ | 17,529 | | | $ | 193,784 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 129,275 | | | $ | 7,128,473 | | | $ | 1,278,958 | | | $ | 8,536,706 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 5,324 | | | $ | 314,394 | | | $ | 78,497 | | | $ | 398,215 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | (35 | )% | | | 57 | % | | | 22 | % | | | 49 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 1.36 | % | | | 1.33 | % | | | 2.35 | % | | | 1.48 | % |
MBR margin | | | 0.41 | % | | | 0.84 | % | | | 2.03 | % | | | 0.88 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 184 | % | | | 42 | % | | | 46 | % | | | 43 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 877,309 | | | $ | 66,580,898 | | | $ | 2,585,277 | | | $ | 70,043,484 | |
Loans sold | | $ | 883,719 | | | $ | 60,129,551 | | | $ | 2,621,912 | | | $ | 63,635,182 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 2,484 | | | $ | 70,612 | | | $ | 24,965 | | | $ | 98,061 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 5,806 | | | | 404,911 | | | | 28,278 | | | | 438,995 | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 8,290 | | | | 475,523 | | | | 53,243 | | | | 537,056 | |
Variable expenses | | | 7,380 | | | | 178,305 | | | | 32,696 | | | | 218,381 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (5,424 | ) | | | (131,196 | ) | | | (23,923 | ) | | | (160,543 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 4,394 | | | | 128,194 | | | | 18,227 | | | | 150,815 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 1,940 | | | | 300,220 | | | | 26,243 | | | | 328,403 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 1,174 | | | $ | 181,633 | | | $ | 15,877 | | | $ | 198,684 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 116,723 | | | $ | 5,168,483 | | | $ | 752,630 | | | $ | 6,037,836 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 4,978 | | | $ | 229,650 | | | $ | 40,307 | | | $ | 274,935 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | 24 | % | | | 79 | % | | | 39 | % | | | 72 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 2.13 | % | | | 1.37 | % | | | 3.32 | % | | | 1.62 | % |
MBR margin | | | 0.84 | % | | | 1.17 | % | | | 1.98 | % | | | 1.22 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 77 | % | | | 37 | % | | | 51 | % | | | 39 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 905,481 | | | $ | 44,899,737 | | | $ | 2,346,346 | | | $ | 48,151,564 | |
Loans sold | | $ | 981,249 | | | $ | 40,481,759 | | | $ | 2,683,306 | | | $ | 44,146,314 | |
32
The following tables provide details on the profitability for the specialty consumer home loans held for saleand/or investment for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Specialty Consumer Home Loans Held for Saleand/or Investment | |
Year Ended
| | HELOCs/
| | | Reverse
| | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2006 | | Seconds | | | Mortgages | | | CTP/Lot | | | Discontinued | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 90,832 | | | $ | 9,918 | | | $ | 48,329 | | | $ | 2,202 | | | $ | 151,281 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | (1,800 | ) | | | — | | | | (2,906 | ) | | | (1,665 | ) | | | (6,371 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | (1,106 | ) | | | 160,844 | | | | 40,761 | | | | (11 | ) | | | 200,488 | |
Service fee income | | | 5,998 | | | | 21,141 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 27,139 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | (17,508 | ) | | | — | | | | 659 | | | | — | | | | (16,849 | ) |
Other income | | | 10,452 | | | | 1,152 | | | | 19,360 | | | | — | | | | 30,964 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 86,868 | | | | 193,055 | | | | 106,203 | | | | 526 | | | | 386,652 | |
Variable expenses | | | 52,746 | | | | 79,858 | | | | 36,844 | | | | — | | | | 169,448 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (33,776 | ) | | | (32,256 | ) | | | (8,504 | ) | | | — | | | | (74,536 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 11,628 | | | | 55,388 | | | | 27,614 | | | | 307 | | | | 94,937 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 56,270 | | | | 90,065 | | | | 50,249 | | | | 219 | | | | 196,803 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 34,268 | | | $ | 54,198 | | | $ | 30,602 | | | $ | 133 | | | $ | 119,201 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 2,666,823 | | | $ | 617,480 | | | $ | 2,249,098 | | | $ | 40,627 | | | $ | 5,574,028 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 233,930 | | | $ | 31,712 | | | $ | 103,978 | | | $ | 3,584 | | | $ | 373,204 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | 15 | % | | | 171 | % | | | 29 | % | | | 4 | % | | | 32 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 3.41 | % | | | 1.61 | % | | | 2.15 | % | | | 5.42 | % | | | 2.71 | % |
MBR margin | | | 0.58 | % | | | 3.80 | % | | | 1.63 | % | | | N/A | | | | 1.88 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 35 | % | | | 53 | % | | | 51 | % | | | 14 | % | | | 48 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 7,199,309 | | | $ | 5,023,533 | | | $ | 5,261,446 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 17,484,288 | |
Loans sold | | $ | 6,192,913 | | | $ | 4,498,352 | | | $ | 2,496,314 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,187,579 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 54,784 | | | $ | 2,880 | | | $ | 46,752 | | | $ | 3,025 | | | $ | 107,441 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,084 | ) | | | (2,615 | ) | | | (4,699 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 8,385 | | | | 80,262 | | | | 37,995 | | | | 200 | | | | 126,842 | |
Service fee income | | | 5,200 | | | | 12,926 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 18,126 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | 1,221 | | | | — | | | | 869 | | | | — | | | | 2,090 | |
Other income | | | 8,268 | | | | 1,052 | | | | 19,918 | | | | 4 | | | | 29,242 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 77,858 | | | | 97,120 | | | | 103,450 | | | | 614 | | | | 279,042 | |
Variable expenses | | | 42,370 | | | | 50,574 | | | | 33,133 | | | | — | | | | 126,077 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (22,497 | ) | | | (22,299 | ) | | | (10,049 | ) | | | — | | | | (54,845 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 4,618 | | | | 27,594 | | | | 22,921 | | | | 959 | | | | 56,092 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 53,367 | | | | 41,251 | | | | 57,445 | | | | (345 | ) | | | 151,718 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 32,287 | | | $ | 24,833 | | | $ | 34,755 | | | $ | (209 | ) | | $ | 91,666 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 1,931,463 | | | $ | 149,693 | | | $ | 1,920,357 | | | $ | 49,234 | | | $ | 4,050,747 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 119,506 | | | $ | 15,317 | | | $ | 86,215 | | | $ | 4,376 | | | $ | 225,414 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | 27 | % | | | 162 | % | | | 40 | % | | | (5 | )% | | | 41 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 2.84 | % | | | 1.92 | % | | | 2.43 | % | | | 6.14 | % | | | 2.65 | % |
MBR margin | | | 2.08 | % | | | 2.94 | % | | | 1.68 | % | | | N/A | | | | 2.33 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 31 | % | | | 58 | % | | | 44 | % | | | 30 | % | | | 45 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 3,626,310 | | | $ | 2,935,341 | | | $ | 4,828,007 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 11,389,658 | |
Loans sold | | $ | 1,207,261 | | | $ | 2,829,412 | | | $ | 2,255,038 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,291,711 | |
33
The following tables provide details on the profitability for the home loans and related investments and the loan servicing operations for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Home Loans and Related Investments | |
| | Retained Assets
| | | | | | SFR Loans
| | | | |
Year Ended
| | and Retention
| | | | | | Held for
| | | | |
December 31, 2006 | | Activities | | | MBS | | | Investment | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 53,160 | | | $ | 31,809 | | | $ | 83,056 | | | $ | 168,025 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | (9,225 | ) | | | (9,225 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 31,477 | | | | (122 | ) | | | 3,703 | | | | 35,058 | |
Service fee income | | | 72,227 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 72,227 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | 37,781 | | | | (834 | ) | | | 384 | | | | 37,331 | |
Other income | | | 5,286 | | | | (3 | ) | | | 1,637 | | | | 6,920 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 199,931 | | | | 30,850 | | | | 79,555 | | | | 310,336 | |
Variable expenses | | | 10,988 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,988 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (5,772 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,772 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 47,715 | | | | 1,131 | | | | 4,978 | | | | 53,824 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 147,000 | | | | 29,719 | | | | 74,577 | | | | 251,296 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 89,523 | | | $ | 18,099 | | | $ | 45,417 | | | $ | 153,039 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 801,446 | | | $ | 3,258,988 | | | $ | 5,855,315 | | | $ | 9,915,749 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 340,239 | | | $ | 58,135 | | | $ | 227,081 | | | $ | 625,455 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | 26 | % | | | 31 | % | | | 20 | % | | | 24 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 6.63 | % | | | 0.98 | % | | | 1.42 | % | | | 1.69 | % |
MBR margin | | | 1.53 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 1.57 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 26 | % | | | 4 | % | | | 6 | % | | | 18 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 2,232,454 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,232,454 | |
Loans sold | | $ | 2,055,905 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 170,296 | | | $ | 2,226,201 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 45,160 | | | $ | 30,086 | | | $ | 78,853 | | | $ | 154,099 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,750 | ) | | | (3,750 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | 17,414 | | | | 92 | | | | 8,832 | | | | 26,338 | |
Service fee income | | | 35,090 | | | | — | | | | 953 | | | | 36,043 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | 15,000 | | | | 776 | | | | — | | | | 15,776 | |
Other income | | | 2,697 | | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | 2,695 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 115,361 | | | | 30,953 | | | | 84,887 | | | | 231,201 | |
Variable expenses | | | 3,734 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,734 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (1,963 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,963 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 31,252 | | | | 999 | | | | 3,000 | | | | 35,251 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 82,338 | | | | 29,954 | | | | 81,887 | | | | 194,179 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 49,814 | | | $ | 18,122 | | | $ | 49,542 | | | $ | 117,478 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 629,027 | | | $ | 2,212,816 | | | $ | 4,971,444 | | | $ | 7,813,287 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 193,959 | | | $ | 40,342 | | | $ | 201,789 | | | $ | 436,090 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | 26 | % | | | 45 | % | | | 25 | % | | | 27 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 7.18 | % | | | 1.36 | % | | | 1.59 | % | | | 1.97 | % |
MBR margin | | | 1.32 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 1.42 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 29 | % | | | 3 | % | | | 3 | % | | | 16 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 901,365 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 901,365 | |
Loans sold | | $ | 1,315,673 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 543,542 | | | $ | 1,859,215 | |
34
The following table provides details on the profitability for the specialty commercial loans held for investment for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Specialty Commercial Loans Held for Investment | |
Year Ended
| | Single
| | | Builder
| | | Warehouse
| | | | |
December 31, 2006 | | Spec | | | Financing | | | Lending | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 13,273 | | | $ | 60,422 | | | $ | 3,489 | | | $ | 77,184 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | (416 | ) | | | (3,800 | ) | | | (181 | ) | | | (4,397 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other income | | | 4,052 | | | | 1,867 | | | | 1,725 | | | | 7,644 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 16,909 | | | | 58,489 | | | | 5,033 | | | | 80,431 | |
Variable expenses | | | 2,694 | | | | 8,682 | | | | — | | | | 11,376 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (308 | ) | | | (6,993 | ) | | | — | | | | (7,301 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 1,921 | | | | 12,834 | | | | 4,120 | | | | 18,875 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 12,602 | | | | 43,966 | | | | 913 | | | | 57,481 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 7,675 | | | $ | 26,775 | | | $ | 556 | | | $ | 35,006 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 244,294 | | | $ | 1,076,213 | | | $ | 119,043 | | | $ | 1,439,550 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 18,564 | | | $ | 104,123 | | | $ | 10,382 | | | $ | 133,069 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | 41 | % | | | 26 | % | | | 5 | % | | | 26 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 5.43 | % | | | 5.61 | % | | | 2.93 | % | | | 5.36 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 25 | % | | | 23 | % | | | 79 | % | | | 27 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 190,908 | | | $ | 1,746,690 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,937,598 | |
Loans sold | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 10,997 | | | $ | 44,458 | | | $ | 632 | | | $ | 56,087 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | (512 | ) | | | (900 | ) | | | (117 | ) | | | (1,529 | ) |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other income | | | 1,987 | | | | 1,409 | | | | 374 | | | | 3,770 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 12,472 | | | | 44,968 | | | | 889 | | | | 58,329 | |
Variable expenses | | | 3,403 | | | | 13,471 | | | | — | | | | 16,874 | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | (689 | ) | | | (6,359 | ) | | | — | | | | (7,048 | ) |
Fixed expenses | | | 2,070 | | | | 4,578 | | | | 2,770 | | | | 9,418 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | 7,688 | | | | 33,278 | | | | (1,881 | ) | | | 39,085 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 4,652 | | | $ | 20,133 | | | $ | (1,138 | ) | | $ | 23,647 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 180,353 | | | $ | 794,166 | | | $ | 21,831 | | | $ | 996,350 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 14,305 | | | $ | 78,051 | | | $ | 2,172 | | | $ | 94,528 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | 33 | % | | | 26 | % | | | (52 | )% | | | 25 | % |
Net interest margin | | | 6.10 | % | | | 5.60 | % | | | 2.89 | % | | | 5.63 | % |
Efficiency ratio | | | 37 | % | | | 25 | % | | | 275 | % | | | 32 | % |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | 331,938 | | | $ | 1,939,759 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,271,697 | |
Loans sold | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
35
The following table provides details on the overhead costs for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | Servicing OH | | | MB OH | | | Deposit OH | | | Corporate OH | | | Total Overhead | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | (247 | ) | | $ | 809 | | | $ | 14,364 | | | $ | (7,934 | ) | | $ | 6,992 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,951 | | | | 1,951 | |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other income | | | 3,003 | | | | 292 | | | | 3,476 | | | | (2,854 | ) | | | 3,917 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 2,756 | | | | 1,101 | | | | 17,840 | | | | (8,837 | ) | | | 12,860 | |
Variable expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Fixed expenses | | | 19,376 | | | | 40,621 | | | | 41,128 | | | | 168,825 | | | | 269,950 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | (16,620 | ) | | | (39,520 | ) | | | (23,288 | ) | | | (177,662 | ) | | | (257,090 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (10,122 | ) | | $ | (24,068 | ) | | $ | (14,182 | ) | | $ | (102,911 | ) | | $ | (151,283 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 2,470 | | | $ | 181 | | | $ | 559,590 | | | $ | 562,243 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 205 | | | $ | 12,643 | | | $ | 2,108 | | | $ | 251,361 | | | $ | 266,317 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Net interest margin | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Efficiency ratio | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Loans sold | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | (494 | ) | | $ | (796 | ) | | $ | 12,749 | | | $ | (11,589 | ) | | $ | (130 | ) |
Provision for loan losses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Gain (loss) on sale of loans | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Service fee income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (9,935 | ) | | | (9,935 | ) |
Gain (loss) on securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other income | | | 2,015 | | | | (26 | ) | | | 2,486 | | | | (4,047 | ) | | | 428 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 1,521 | | | | (822 | ) | | | 15,235 | | | | (25,571 | ) | | | (9,637 | ) |
Variable expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Deferral of expenses under FAS 91 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Fixed expenses | | | 17,410 | | | | 29,670 | | | | 28,794 | | | | 147,473 | | | | 223,347 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pretax income (loss) | | | (15,889 | ) | | | (30,492 | ) | | | (13,559 | ) | | | (173,044 | ) | | | (232,984 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (9,613 | ) | | $ | (18,448 | ) | | $ | (8,203 | ) | | $ | (104,937 | ) | | $ | (141,201 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average interest-earning assets | | $ | — | | | $ | (106 | ) | | $ | 180 | | | $ | 746,718 | | | $ | 746,792 | |
Allocated capital | | $ | 3,375 | | | $ | 6,916 | | | $ | 1,464 | | | $ | 338,145 | | | $ | 349,900 | |
Performance Ratios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ROE | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Net interest margin | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Efficiency ratio | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan production | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Loans sold | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
36
LOAN PRODUCTION
The Company achieved record mortgage loan production of $90.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2006, up 48% from the $60.8 billion reported in 2005. At December 31, 2006, our total pipeline of loans in process was at $11.8 billion, up 13% from December 31, 2005. The production growth in 2006 was accomplished through our continued drive to leverage our mortgage banking platform. The mortgage professionals group increased its volume by 52% year over year, contributing 91% of our production growth. Strong production from conduit and Financial Freedom, which increased 90% and 71%, respectively, also contributed to this overall growth. The Company has also improved its retention activities with volume from servicing retention increasing 150% during the same period. The production growth in these channels was driven by our strategies to offer a broad and diverse product mix, such as Alt-A, reverse mortgages, and HELOCs. Year over year, our sales force, regional centers and active customers increased 44%, 23%, and 18%, respectively. Total loan production, including subdivision construction, reached $91.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2006, also a record for the Company. We expect to continue our growth by expanding into new regions, hiring new salespeople, and continued product development.
On February 12, 2007, the MBA issued an estimate of the industry volume for 2006 of $2.5 trillion, which represents a 17% decline from 2005. Based on this estimate, our market share is 3.58% in 2006, up from 2.01% in 2005.
The following summarizes our loan production and pipeline by purpose, interest rate type, product type, S&P lifetime loss estimate, geographic distribution, and channels as of and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of and For the Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| | | Percent
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Production and Pipeline by Purpose: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loan production: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase transactions | | $ | 35,189 | | | $ | 25,605 | | | | 37 | % |
Cash-out refinance transactions | | | 41,764 | | | | 28,213 | | | | 48 | % |
Rate/term refinance transactions | | | 12,998 | | | | 6,956 | | | | 87 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total mortgage loan production | | $ | 89,951 | | | $ | 60,774 | | | | 48 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
% purchase and cash-out refinance transactions | | | 86 | % | | | 89 | % | | | | |
Mortgage industry market share | | | 3.58 | % | | | 2.01 | % | | | 78 | % |
Mortgage pipeline: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchase transactions | | $ | 3,914 | | | $ | 3,617 | | | | 8 | % |
Cash-out refinance transactions | | | 4,193 | | | | 4,332 | | | | (3 | )% |
Rate/term refinance transactions | | | 1,792 | | | | 1,237 | | | | 45 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total specific rate locks | | | 9,899 | | | | 9,186 | | | | 8 | % |
Non-specific rate locks on bulk purchases | | | 1,922 | | | | 1,302 | | | | 48 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total pipeline at period end(1) | | $ | 11,821 | | | $ | 10,488 | | | | 13 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Total pipeline of loans in process includes rate lock commitments the Company has provided on loans that are specifically identified or non-specific bulk packages, and loan applications we have received for which the borrower has not yet locked in the interest rate commitment. Non-specific bulk packages represent pools of loans the Company has committed to purchase, where the pool characteristics are specified but the actual loans are not. |
37
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Production by Amortization Type as a Percent of Mortgage Production: | | | | | | | | |
Fixed-rate mortgages | | | 21 | % | | | 23 | % |
Intermediate term fixed-rate loans | | | 7 | % | | | 9 | % |
Interest-only loans | | | 37 | % | | | 29 | % |
Pay option ARMs | | | 23 | % | | | 29 | % |
Other ARMs | | | 12 | % | | | 10 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| | | Percent
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Production by Product Type: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Standard First Mortgage Products: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Alt-A | | $ | 70,146 | | | $ | 47,223 | | | | 49 | % |
Agency conforming | | | 1,257 | | | | 1,092 | | | | 15 | % |
Subprime | | | 2,674 | | | | 2,276 | | | | 17 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total standard first mortgage products (S&P evaluated)(1) | | | 74,077 | | | | 50,591 | | | | 46 | % |
Specialty Consumer Home Mortgage Products: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Home equity line of credit(2)/Seconds | | | 7,199 | | | | 3,653 | | | | 97 | % |
Reverse mortgages | | | 5,024 | | | | 2,935 | | | | 71 | % |
Consumer construction(2) | | | 3,651 | | | | 3,595 | | | | 2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal mortgage production | | | 89,951 | | | | 60,774 | | | | 48 | % |
Builder construction commitments(2) | | | 1,747 | | | | 1,940 | | | | (10 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total production | | $ | 91,698 | | | $ | 62,714 | | | | 46 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following summarizes the estimated lifetime losses for mortgage production using the S&P Levels model for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31, 2006 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | Average
| | | | | | Average
| | | | |
| | Lifetime
| | | Percent of
| | | Lifetime
| | | Percent of
| |
| | Loss Rate | | | Total | | | Loss Rate | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Production by S&P Lifetime Loss Estimate(1): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agency conforming equivalent (<48 bps) | | | 0.23 | % | | | 47 | % | | | 0.21 | % | | | 53 | % |
Prime Alt-A equivalent(48-135 bps) | | | 0.76 | % | | | 45 | % | | | 0.76 | % | | | 41 | % |
Subprime equivalent (>135 bps) | | | 4.44 | % | | | 8 | % | | | 4.51 | % | | | 6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total S&P lifetime loss estimate | | | 0.79 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 0.70 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total S&P evaluated production | | | | | | $ | 74,077 | | | | | | | $ | 50,591 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
38
The following table shows the reconciliation from total production to total S&P evaluated production for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31, 2006 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | Production | | | FICO | | | CLTV(3) | | | Production | | | FICO | | | CLTV(3) | |
|
Total production | | $ | 91,698 | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | $ | 62,714 | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Less: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Home equity line of credit(2)/Seconds | | | 7,199 | | | | 712 | | | | 88 | % | | | 3,653 | | | | 705 | | | | 87 | % |
Reverse mortgages | | | 5,024 | | | | N/A | | | | 54 | % | | | 2,935 | | | | N/A | | | | 50 | % |
Consumer construction(2) | | | 3,651 | | | | 721 | | | | 76 | % | | | 3,595 | | | | 721 | | | | 74 | % |
Builder construction commitments | | | 1,747 | | | | N/A | | | | 74 | % | | | 1,940 | | | | N/A | | | | 73 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total S&P evaluated production | | $ | 74,077 | | | | 701 | | | | 80 | % | | $ | 50,591 | | | | 702 | | | | 76 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | While Indymac production is evaluated using the S&P Levels model, the data are not audited or endorsed by S&P. S&P evaluated production excludes second liens, HELOC, reverse mortgages and construction loans. In the third quarter of 2006, Indymac adopted version 5.7 of the S&P Levels model. The average lifetime loss for 2005 has been restated utilizing the new model. |
|
(2) | | Amount represents total commitments. |
|
(3) | | Combinedloan-to-value ratio for loans in the second lien position is used to calculate weighted average originalloan-to-value ratio for the portfolio. |
Total average lifetime loss rate for the year ended 2006 increased nine basis points from 0.70% for the year ended 2005 to 0.79%, driven by an increase in loans with subordinate financing and subprime loans originated during the period. The loss estimates are shown to describe the relative level of credit risk in our loan production at time of origination. Because the Company routinely sells the vast majority of loans produced, these estimates do not reflect the amount of credit risk retained by the Company.
The following indicates the geographic distribution of our production for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Geographic distribution: | | | | | | | | |
California | | | 45 | % | | | 44 | % |
Florida | | | 8 | % | | | 8 | % |
New York | | | 6 | % | | | 6 | % |
New Jersey | | | 4 | % | | | 4 | % |
Virginia | | | 4 | % | | | 4 | % |
Other | | | 33 | % | | | 34 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
39
The following summarizes our loan production by divisions for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| | | Percent
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Production by Divisions: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage Loan Production: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage Professionals Group | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Wholesale(1) | | $ | 36,859 | | | $ | 29,145 | | | | 26 | % |
Correspondent | | | 10,264 | | | | 5,719 | | | | 79 | % |
Conduit | | | 30,101 | | | | 15,811 | | | | 90 | % |
Consumer Direct | | | 1,958 | | | | 2,883 | | | | (32 | )% |
Financial Freedom | | | 5,024 | | | | 2,935 | | | | 71 | % |
Servicing Retention | | | 2,698 | | | | 1,079 | | | | 150 | % |
Home Equity Division | | | 110 | | | | 208 | | | | (47 | )% |
Consumer Construction and Lot | | | 2,937 | | | | 2,994 | | | | (2 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Mortgage Loan Production | | | 89,951 | | | | 60,774 | | | | 48 | % |
Commercial Loan Production: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Builder Construction | | | 1,747 | | | | 1,940 | | | | (10 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Production | | $ | 91,698 | | | $ | 62,714 | | | | 46 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Wholesale channel includes $3.3 billion, and $1.3 billion of production from wholesale inside sales for 2006 and 2005. The wholesale inside sales force focuses on small and geographically remote mortgage brokers through centralized in-house sales personnel instead of field sales personnel. |
Key production drivers for mortgage professionals group’s wholesale and correspondent channels for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 follow:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| | | Percent
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Key Production Drivers: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Active customers(1) | | | 7,927 | | | | 6,728 | | | | 18 | % |
Sales personnel | | | 1,025 | | | | 712 | | | | 44 | % |
Number of regional offices | | | 16 | | | | 13 | | | | 23 | % |
| | |
(1) | | Active customers are defined as customers who funded at least one loan during the most recent90-day period. |
LOAN SALES
The following summarizes loans sold and the performance ratios on loan sales during the three years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 (year ended December 31, 2004 is reflected on a pro forma basis (1)):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| | | Percent
| | | December 31,
| | | Percent
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | Change | | | 2004(1) | | | Change | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Total loans sold | | $ | 79,049 | | | $ | 52,297 | | | | 51 | % | | $ | 31,036 | | | | 155 | % |
Ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross MBR margin before hedging | | | 1.04 | % | | | 1.26 | % | | | (17 | )% | | | 1.98 | % | | | (47 | )% |
Net MBR margin after hedging | | | 1.06 | % | | | 1.36 | % | | | (22 | )% | | | 1.80 | % | | | (41 | )% |
40
| | |
(1) | | 2004 MBR margins are calculated using proforma gain on mortgage loan sales for the year ended December 31, 2004 of $431.2 million, which excluded the $59.5 million pre-tax SAB 105 accounting adjustment and the $7.9 million pre-tax purchase accounting adjustment related to the Financial Freedom acquisition. The GAAP gain on mortgage loan sales was $363.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 representing a net MBR margin after hedging of 1.59%. |
The MBR margin is calculated using mortgage banking revenue divided by total loans sold. The mortgage banking revenue includes total consolidated gain on sale of loans company-wide and the net interest income earned on mortgage loans held for sale by mortgage banking production divisions. While most of the gain on sale of loans results from the loan sale activities in our mortgage banking segment, we do occasionally sell loans held by our thrift segment, primarily lot loans and home equity products. The gain on sale recognized in the thrift segment is included in the MBR margin calculation.
Included in the gain on sale of loans in 2006 were $9.7 million of losses related to the establishment of a reserve for fraud losses on certain lot loans. The Company discovered that 45 lot loans related to two developments in Michigan and Florida were the subject of criminal fraud on the part of the developers, brokers, appraisers and closing agents. These loans had outstanding principal balances of approximately $13.9 million before the reserve for fraud losses. At December 31, 2006, these loans are non-accrual and have an aggregate book value of $5.3 million. We have since performed a full portfolio review and implemented a series of product guideline changes, operational changes and fraud prevention measures to mitigate future occurrences of this kind. We believe there are no further incidences of fraud in its existing book of lot loans of similar size or scope.
The following tables summarize MBR margin by channel and product for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
MBR Margin by Channel: | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Wholesale | | | 1.16 | % | | | 1.56 | % |
Correspondent | | | 0.54 | % | | | 1.09 | % |
Conduit | | | 0.46 | % | | | 0.40 | % |
Consumer Direct | | | 1.75 | % | | | 2.27 | % |
Financial Freedom | | | 3.80 | % | | | 2.94 | % |
Other | | | 1.26 | % | | | 1.35 | % |
Total MBR margin | | | 1.06 | % | | | 1.36 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
MBR Margin by Product: | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Agency Conforming | | | 0.41 | % | | | 0.84 | % |
Alt-A | | | 0.84 | % | | | 1.17 | % |
Subprime | | | 2.03 | % | | | 1.98 | % |
HELOC/Seconds | | | 0.58 | % | | | 2.08 | % |
Reverse Mortgages | | | 3.80 | % | | | 2.94 | % |
CTP/Lot | | | 1.63 | % | | | 1.68 | % |
Other | | | 1.57 | % | | | 1.43 | % |
Total MBR margin | | | 1.06 | % | | | 1.36 | % |
The Company hedges the interest rate risk inherent in its pipeline of mortgage loans held for sale to protect its margin on sale of loans. Indymac focuses on trying to maintain stable profit margins with an emphasis on forecasting expected fallout to more precisely estimate our required hedge coverage ratio and optimize hedge costs. By closely monitoring key factors, such as product type, origination channels, progress or “status” of transactions, as well as changes in market interest rates since Indymac committed a rate to the borrower (“rate lock commitments”), the Company seeks to quantify the optional component of each rate lock, and in turn, the aggregate rate
41
lock pipeline. By accurately evaluating these factors, the Company has been able to minimize the purchase of options and also stabilize gain on sale margins over different rate environments.
In addition to mortgage loans held for sale, the hedging activities also include rate lock commitments. Rate lock commitments on mortgage loans that are intended to be sold are considered to be derivatives pursuant to SFAS No. 133,“Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,”(“SFAS 133”). The rate lock commitments are initially valued at zero and continue to be adjusted for changes in value resulting from changes in market interest rates, pursuant to SAB 105. The Company hedges the risk of changes in fair value of rate lock commitments by selling forward contracts on securities of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, Euro Dollar futures and other hedge instruments to manage this risk. These forward and futures contracts are also accounted for as derivatives and recorded at fair value.
The following shows the various channels through which loans were distributed:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Distribution of Loan Sales by Channel: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”) equivalent loans | | | 19 | % | | | 17 | % | | | 24 | % |
Private-label securitizations | | | 38 | % | | | 57 | % | | | 47 | % |
Whole loan sales, servicing retained | | | 37 | % | | | 19 | % | | | 14 | % |
Whole loan sales, servicing released | | | 2 | % | | | 2 | % | | | 6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Subtotal sales | | | 96 | % | | | 95 | % | | | 91 | % |
Investment portfolio acquisitions | | | 4 | % | | | 5 | % | | | 9 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loan distribution percentage | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loan distribution | | $ | 81,968 | | | $ | 54,921 | | | $ | 34,275 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
We maintain multiple channels for loan dispositions to achieve sustainable liquidity and to develop a deep and diverse investor base. Also, through multiple channels, Indymac endeavors to consistently sell investment and non-investment grade bonds, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, and whole loans for cash.
In conjunction with the sale of mortgage loans, the Company generally retains certain assets. The primary assets retained include MSRs and, to a lesser degree, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, AAA-rated principal-only securities, prepayment penalty securities, investment and non-investment grade securities, and residual securities. The allocated cost of the retained assets at the time of sale is recorded as an asset with an offsetting increase to the gain on sale of loans (or a reduction in the cost basis of the loans sold). The calculation of the $668.1 million in gain on sale of loans earned during the year ended December 31, 2006 included the retention of $1.1 billion in MSRs, and $388.5 million of other retained assets. During 2006, assets previously retained generated cash flows of $677.0 million. More information on the valuation assumptions related to the Company’s retained assets can be found at page 49, under the heading “Valuation of MSRs, Interest-Only, Prepayment Penalty, and Residual Securities.”
42
MORTGAGE SERVICING AND OTHER RETAINED ASSETS
MORTGAGE SERVICING AND MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
Indymac’s total loans serviced for others reached $139.8 billion (including reverse mortgages and HELOCs) at December 31, 2006, with a weighted average coupon of 7.05%. In comparison, Indymac serviced $84.5 billion of mortgage loans owned by others at December 31, 2005, with a weighted average coupon of 6.19%. The activity in the servicing portfolios for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Servicing Portfolio | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Unpaid principal balance at beginning of period | | $ | 84,495 | | | $ | 50,219 | |
Additions | | | 80,237 | | | | 52,382 | |
Clean-up calls exercised | | | (31 | ) | | | (140 | ) |
Loan payments and prepayments | | | (24,884 | ) | | | (17,966 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Unpaid principal balance at end of period | | $ | 139,817 | | | $ | 84,495 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The following tables provide additional information related to the servicing portfolio:
| | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
By Product Type: | | | | | | | | |
Fixed-rate mortgages | | | 35 | % | | | 35 | % |
Intermediate term fixed-rate loans | | | 30 | % | | | 27 | % |
Pay option ARMs | | | 23 | % | | | 26 | % |
Reverse mortgages (all ARMs) | | | 9 | % | | | 9 | % |
HELOCs | | | 2 | % | | | 2 | % |
Other | | | 1 | % | | | 1 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Additional Information(1) | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average FICO | | | 703 | | | | 699 | |
Weighted average original LTV(2) | | | 73 | % | | | 73 | % |
Average original loan size (in thousands) | | | 232 | | | | 221 | |
Percent of portfolio with prepayment penalty | | | 42 | % | | | 37 | % |
Portfolio delinquency (% of unpaid principal balance)(3) | | | 5.15 | % | | | 3.74 | % |
By Geographic Distribution: | | | | | | | | |
California | | | 43 | % | | | 42 | % |
Florida | | | 8 | % | | | 7 | % |
New York | | | 8 | % | | | 9 | % |
New Jersey | | | 4 | % | | | 5 | % |
Virginia | | | 4 | % | | | 4 | % |
Other | | | 33 | % | | | 33 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Portfolio delinquency is calculated for the entire servicing portfolio. All other information presented excludes reverse mortgages. |
|
(2) | | Combinedloan-to-value ratio for loans in the second lien position is used to calculate weighted average originalloan-to-value ratio for the portfolio. |
|
(3) | | Delinquency is defined as 30 days or more past due. |
43
Capitalized MSRs totaled $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2006, and $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2005, an increase of $728.0 million. Refer to “Note 7 — Mortgage Servicing Rights” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for details of the activities in MSRs.
The fair value of MSRs is determined using discounted cash flow techniques benchmarked against third party opinions of value. Estimates of fair value involve several assumptions, including assumptions about future prepayment rates, market expectations of future interest rates and discount rates. Prepayment rates are projected using a prepayment model developed by a third party vendor and calibrated for the Company’s collateral. The model considers key factors, such as refinance incentive, housing turnover, seasonality and aging of the pool of loans. Prepayment speeds incorporate expectations of future rates implied by the market forward LIBOR/swap curve, as well as collateral specific current coupon information. Refer to “Valuation of MSRs, Interest-Only, Prepayment Penalty, and Residual Securities” on page 49 for further detail on the valuation assumptions.
Effective January 1, 2006, SFAS 156 allowed us to elect to measure MSRs using the fair value method instead of the amortization method. Therefore, change in value due to run-off of the portfolio is recorded as valuation adjustment instead of the amortization for periods beginning in 2006. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 156, we hedged our MSRs on an economic basis and elected to designate SFAS 133 fair value hedge accounting on certain tranches of the total MSRs. The changes in the value of the designated MSRs attributable to the hedged risk, and the fair value of the designated hedges, were recorded through income if the hedging relationships were proven to be effective under the provision of SFAS 133. All MSRs, regardless of hedge designation, were then adjusted to the lower of cost or market (“LOCOM”). The components of service fee income (expense) are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | BPS
| | | December 31,
| | | BPS
| | | December 31,
| | | BPS
| |
| | 2006 | | | UPB | | | 2005 | | | UPB | | | 2004 | | | UPB | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Service fee income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross service fee income | | $ | 500,904 | | | | 45 | | | $ | 282,420 | | | | 44 | | | $ | 142,266 | | | | 36 | |
Change in value due to portfolio run- off/amortization | | | (374,955 | ) | | | (34 | ) | | | (227,085 | ) | | | (35 | ) | | | (146,491 | ) | | | (37 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service fee income, net of change in value due to portfolio run-off/amortization | | | 125,949 | | | | 11 | | | | 55,335 | | | | 9 | | | | (4,225 | ) | | | (1 | ) |
Change in value due to application of external benchmarking policies | | | (16,459 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Valuation adjustment due to market changes | | | 24,180 | | | | 2 | | | | (13,460 | ) | | | (2 | ) | | | (50,293 | ) | | | (13 | ) |
Hedge (loss) gain on MSRs | | | (32,353 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | 2,360 | | | | — | | | | 42,065 | | | | 11 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total service fee income (expense) | | $ | 101,317 | | | | 9 | | | $ | 44,235 | | | | 7 | | | $ | (12,453 | ) | | | (3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
44
In addition to the hedging gain (loss) on MSRs, the Company also uses other hedging strategies to manage its economic risks associated with MSRs. A summary of the performance on MSRs, including AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, and hedges for the respective periods follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Valuation adjustment due to market changes and external benchmarking | | $ | 7,721 | | | $ | (13,459 | ) | | $ | (50,293 | ) |
Hedge (loss) gain on MSRs | | | (32,353 | ) | | | 2,360 | | | | 42,065 | |
Unrealized gain (loss) on AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities | | | 3,136 | | | | (13,864 | ) | | | (42,651 | ) |
Unrealized (loss) gain on principal-only securities | | | (811 | ) | | | (704 | ) | | | 4,462 | |
Unrealized gain on prepayment penalty securities | | | 23,625 | | | | 21,694 | | | | 3,772 | |
Other | | | 1,780 | | | | 2,933 | | | | 6,021 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net gain (loss) on MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, and hedges | | $ | 3,098 | | | $ | (1,040 | ) | | $ | (36,624 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
OTHER RETAINED ASSETS
The carrying value of AAA-rated and agency interest-only, principal-only, prepayment penalty, residual and non-investment grade securities is evaluated by discounting estimated net future cash flows. For these securities, estimated net future cash flows are primarily based on assumptions related to prepayment speeds, in addition to expected credit loss assumptions on the residual securities. The models used for estimation are periodically tested against historical prepayment speeds and our valuations are benchmarked to external sources, where available. We also may retain certain other investment grade securities from our securitizations and to a lesser extent purchase from third parties to serve as hedges for our AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities. A summary of the activity of the retained assets follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities: | | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 78,731 | | | $ | 90,658 | |
Retained investments from securitizations | | | 29,576 | | | | 25,168 | |
Sales | | | (22,939 | ) | | | — | |
Clean-up calls exercised | | | (107 | ) | | | (171 | ) |
Cash received, net of accretion | | | (14,827 | ) | | | (23,060 | ) |
Valuation gains (losses) before hedges | | | 3,136 | | | | (13,864 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Ending balance | | $ | 73,570 | | | $ | 78,731 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Principal-only securities: | | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 9,483 | | | $ | 18,598 | |
Retained investments from securitizations | | | 13,862 | | | | 13,073 | |
Purchases | | | 121,281 | | | | 123,048 | |
Sales | | | (100,761 | ) | | | (142,132 | ) |
Cash received, net of accretion | | | (4,576 | ) | | | (2,400 | ) |
Valuation losses before hedges | | | (811 | ) | | | (704 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Ending balance | | $ | 38,478 | | | $ | 9,483 | |
| | | | | | | | |
45
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Prepayment penalty securities: | | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 75,741 | | | $ | 33,451 | |
Retained investments from securitizations | | | 43,094 | | | | 38,742 | |
Transfer from MSRs/residual securities | | | 4,523 | | | | 8,491 | |
Sales | | | (2,078 | ) | | | — | |
Cash received, net of accretion | | | (47,329 | ) | | | (26,637 | ) |
Valuation gains before hedges | | | 23,625 | | | | 21,694 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Ending balance | | $ | 97,576 | | | $ | 75,741 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residual securities(1): | | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 167,771 | | | $ | 135,386 | |
Retained investments from securitizations(2) | | | 224,014 | | | | 58,396 | |
Transfer from MSRs/prepayment penalty securities | | | 200 | | | | — | |
Impairments | | | (9,209 | ) | | | — | |
Sales | | | (107,360 | ) | | | — | |
Cash received, net of accretion | | | (22,362 | ) | | | (23,941 | ) |
Valuation losses before hedges | | | (2,481 | ) | | | (2,070 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Ending balance | | $ | 250,573 | | | $ | 167,771 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Investment-grade securities: | | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 92,120 | | | $ | 146,822 | |
Retained investments from securitizations | | | 43,701 | | | | 38,241 | |
Purchases | | | 72,366 | | | | — | |
Impairment | | | (183 | ) | | | (361 | ) |
Sales | | | (9,796 | ) | | | (83,629 | ) |
Cash received, net of accretion | | | (8,780 | ) | | | (7,376 | ) |
Valuation losses)before hedges | | | (175 | ) | | | (1,577 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Ending balance | | $ | 189,253 | | | $ | 92,120 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Non-Investment-grade securities: | | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 57,712 | | | $ | 83,052 | |
Retained investments from securitizations | | | 34,205 | | | | 14,224 | |
Purchases | | | 3,697 | | | | 1,523 | |
Impairment | | | (846 | ) | | | (247 | ) |
Sales | | | (13,542 | ) | | | (37,330 | ) |
Cash received, net of accretion | | | 369 | | | | (325 | ) |
Valuation losses before hedges | | | (1,421 | ) | | | (3,185 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Ending balance | | $ | 80,174 | | | $ | 57,712 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Included in the residual securities balance at December 31, 2006 were $31.8 million of HELOC residuals retained from two separate guaranteed mortgage securitization transactions. There was no gain on sale of loans recognized in connection with these transactions. |
|
(2) | | Amounts retained consist of 33% in prime-lot loans, 37% in subprime loans and 30% in HELOCs. |
46
The fair value of other investment grade and non-investment grade securities by credit rating follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2006 | | | | |
| | | | | Premium
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Current
| | | (Discount)
| | | | | | | | | December 31,
| |
| | Face
| | | to Face
| | | Amortized
| | | | | | 2005 | |
| | Value | | | Value | | | Cost | | | Fair Value | | | Fair Value | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Other investment grade mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AA+ | | $ | 7,445 | | | $ | (69 | ) | | $ | 7,376 | | | $ | 7,513 | | | $ | — | |
AA | | | 87,044 | | | | (1,127 | ) | | | 85,917 | | | | 86,311 | | | | 21,787 | |
AA- | | | 14,038 | | | | (348 | ) | | | 13,690 | | | | 14,138 | | | | — | |
A | | | 2,273 | | | | (81 | ) | | | 2,192 | | | | 2,160 | | | | 239 | |
BBB | | | 21,747 | | | | (1,209 | ) | | | 20,538 | | | | 20,734 | | | | 29,848 | |
BBB- | | | 64,902 | | | | (5,340 | ) | | | 59,562 | | | | 58,397 | | | | 40,246 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other investment grade mortgage-backed securities | | $ | 197,449 | | | $ | (8,174 | ) | | $ | 189,275 | | | $ | 189,253 | | | $ | 92,120 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-investment grade mortgage-backed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BB+ | | $ | 8,456 | | | $ | (1,157 | ) | | $ | 7,299 | | | $ | 7,299 | | | $ | — | |
BB | | | 57,986 | | | | (8,405 | ) | | | 49,581 | | | | 49,856 | | | | 36,873 | |
BB- | | | 22,022 | | | | (901 | ) | | | 21,121 | | | | 21,170 | | | | 13,523 | |
B | | | 6,619 | | | | (5,569 | ) | | | 1,050 | | | | 1,442 | | | | 6,458 | |
Other | | | 5,240 | | | | (4,998 | ) | | | 242 | | | | 407 | | | | 858 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other non-investment grade mortgage-backed securities | | $ | 100,323 | | | $ | (21,030 | ) | | $ | 79,293 | | | $ | 80,174 | | | $ | 57,712 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At December 31, 2006, other investment grade and non-investment grade mortgage-backed securities totaled $269.4 million, of which 86% were collateralized by prime loans and 14% were collateralized by subprime loans.
The components of the net gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Net gain (loss) on securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized gain on available for sale securities | | $ | 3,715 | | | $ | 6,054 | | | $ | 3,972 | |
Impairment on available for sale securities | | | (10,238 | ) | | | (607 | ) | | | (1,582 | ) |
Unrealized gain on prepayment penalty securities | | | 23,625 | | | | 21,694 | | | | 3,379 | |
Unrealized gain (loss) on AAA-rated and agency interest-only and residual securities | | | 1,692 | | | | (16,970 | ) | | | (36,708 | ) |
Net gain on trading securities and other instruments used to hedge AAA-rated and agency interest-only and residual securities | | | 1,688 | | | | 7,695 | | | | 7,135 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total gain (loss) on securities, net | | $ | 20,482 | | | $ | 17,866 | | | $ | (23,804 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
47
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the weighted average yields and remaining contractual maturities of our mortgage-backed securities, excluding AAA-rated agency and non-agency securities, as of December 31, 2006. For securitiesavailable-for-sale, the weighted average yield is computed based on the amortized costs.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | More than One
| | | More than Five
| | | More than Ten
| | | | | | | |
| | One Year or Less | | | Year to Five Years | | | Years to Ten Years | | | Years | | | Total | |
| | | | | Weighted-
| | | | | | Weighted-
| | | | | | Weighted-
| | | | | | Weighted-
| | | | | | Weighted-
| |
| | Carrying
| | | Average
| | | Carrying
| | | Average
| | | Carrying
| | | Average
| | | Carrying
| | | Average
| | | Carrying
| | | Average
| |
| | Value | | | Yield | | | Value | | | Yield | | | Value | | | Yield | | | Value | | | Yield | | | Value | | | Yield | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Mortgage-backed securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 73,570 | | | | 18.24 | % | | $ | 73,570 | | | | 18.24 | % |
AAA-rated principal-only securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 38,478 | | | | 5.62 | % | | | 38,478 | | | | 5.62 | % |
Other investment grade mortgage-backed securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,295 | | | | 9.02 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 185,958 | | | | 7.45 | % | | | 189,253 | | | | 7.48 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investment grade mortgage- backed securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,295 | | | | 9.02 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 298,006 | | | | 9.88 | % | | | 301,301 | | | | 9.87 | % |
Prepayment penalty securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,138 | | | | 15.03 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 96,438 | | | | 29.99 | % | | | 97,576 | | | | 29.82 | % |
Other non-investment grade securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 46,844 | | | | 23.00 | % | | | 4,502 | | | | 22.00 | % | | | 199,227 | | | | 18.99 | % | | | 250,573 | | | | 19.79 | % |
Residual mortgage-backed securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 16,040 | | | | 12.18 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 64,134 | | | | 13.58 | % | | | 80,174 | | | | 13.30 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-investment grade mortgage-backed securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 64,022 | | | | 20.15 | % | | | 4,502 | | | | 22.00 | % | | | 359,799 | | | | 20.97 | % | | | 428,323 | | | | 20.86 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total mortgage-backed securities | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 67,317 | | | | 19.60 | % | | $ | 4,502 | | | | 22.00 | % | | $ | 657,805 | | | | 15.95 | % | | $ | 729,624 | | | | 16.32 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Given prepayments on the underlying collateral of our MBS, we do not expect our MBS to remain outstanding throughout their contractual maturity periods. Therefore, contractual maturity is not a relevant measure of the timing of our future expected cash flows. Actual economic cash flows are expected to be received much sooner.
48
VALUATION OF MSRs, INTEREST-ONLY, PREPAYMENT PENALTY,
AND RESIDUAL SECURITIES
MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, prepayment penalty securities, and residual securities are recorded at fair market value. Prior to January 1, 2006, MSRs were subject to the lower of cost or market limitations. Relevant information and assumptions used to value these securities at December 31, 2006 and 2005 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Actual | | | Valuation Assumptions | |
| | | | | | | | Gross Wtd.
| | | Servicing
| | | 3-Month
| | | Weighted
| | | Lifetime
| | | 3-Month
| | | | | | Remaining
| |
| | | | | Collateral
| | | Average
| | | Fee/Interest
| | | Prepayment
| | | Average
| | | Prepayment
| | | Prepayment
| | | Discount
| | | Cumulative
| |
| | Book Value | | | Balance | | | Coupon | | | Strip | | | Speeds | | | Multiple | | | Speeds | | | Speeds | | | Yield | | | Loss Rate(1) | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
MSRs | | $ | 1,822,455 | | | $ | 139,816,763 | | | | 7.05 | % | | | 0.37 | % | | | 20.2 | % | | | 3.57 | | | | 25.8 | % | | | 19.8 | % | | | 8.8 | % | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated interest-only securities | | $ | 73,570 | | | $ | 5,957,550 | | | | 6.93 | % | | | 0.51 | % | | | 19.5 | % | | | 2.41 | | | | 16.4 | % | | | 19.7 | % | | | 15.4 | % | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prepayment penalty securities | | $ | 97,576 | | | $ | 20,282,718 | | | | 7.40 | % | | | N/A | | | | 18.1 | % | | | N/A | | | | 28.2 | % | | | 20.6 | % | | | 26.3 | % | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Lot loan residual securities | | | 57,640 | | | $ | 2,246,833 | | | | 9.24 | % | | | 3.54 | % | | | 35.6 | % | | | 0.73 | | | | 39.8 | % | | | 37.9 | % | | | 23.5 | % | | | 0.61 | % |
HELOC residual securities | | | 98,697 | | | $ | 3,039,555 | | | | 9.59 | % | | | 2.71 | % | | | 43.7 | % | | | 1.20 | | | | 50.3 | % | | | 47.6 | % | | | 20.7 | % | | | 1.11 | % |
Closed-end seconds residual securities | | | 14,572 | | | $ | 1,737,859 | | | | 10.44 | % | | | 3.69 | % | | | 17.5 | % | | | 0.23 | | | | 37.1 | % | | | 24.8 | % | | | 24.1 | % | | | 8.08 | % |
Subprime residual securities | | | 79,664 | | | $ | 4,848,859 | | | | 7.74 | % | | | 1.68 | % | | | 33.0 | % | | | 0.98 | | | | 39.5 | % | | | 38.1 | % | | | 23.4 | % | | | 5.85 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-investment grade residual securities | | $ | 250,573 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
MSRs | | $ | 1,094,490 | | | $ | 84,495,133 | | | | 6.19 | % | | | 0.37 | % | | | 21.7 | % | | | 3.54 | | | | 21.4 | % | | | 16.2 | % | | | 10.7 | % | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities | | $ | 78,731 | | | $ | 7,583,643 | | | | 6.63 | % | | | 0.38 | % | | | 27.5 | % | | | 2.73 | | | | 20.3 | % | | | 22.7 | % | | | 8.0 | % | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prepayment penalty securities | | $ | 75,741 | | | $ | 13,657,946 | | | | 6.30 | % | | | N/A | | | | 22.7 | % | | | N/A | | | | 23.7 | % | | | 20.3 | % | | | 9.0 | % | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prime residual securities | | $ | 2,438 | | | $ | 1,183,361 | | | | 5.85 | % | | | 0.61 | % | | | 60.0 | % | | | 0.34 | | | | 46.3 | % | | | 51.4 | % | | | 15.0 | % | | | 1.34 | % |
Lot loan residual securities | | | 41,066 | | | $ | 939,005 | | | | 7.55 | % | | | 2.90 | % | | | 33.2 | % | | | 1.51 | | | | 43.1 | % | | | 41.4 | % | | | 21.6 | % | | | 0.48 | % |
HELOC residual securities | | | 66,041 | | | $ | 1,430,473 | | | | 8.26 | % | | | 3.18 | % | | | 55.8 | % | | | 1.45 | | | | 44.0 | % | | | 49.6 | % | | | 19.0 | % | | | 0.82 | % |
Subprime residual securities | | | 58,226 | | | $ | 4,831,675 | | | | 7.40 | % | | | 2.17 | % | | | 28.9 | % | | | 0.55 | | | | 37.1 | % | | | 29.4 | % | | | 24.9 | % | | | 4.76 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-investment grade residual securities | | $ | 167,771 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | As a percentage of the original pool balance, the actual cumulative loss rate to date totaled 0.34%, 0.06% and 0.50% for HELOC, closed-end seconds and subprime loans, respectively, at December 31, 2006. No loss has been incurred on lot loans as of December 31, 2006. |
The lifetime prepayment speeds represent the annual constant prepayment rate (“CPR”) estimated for the remaining life of the collateral supporting the asset. For MSRs and AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, prepayment rates are projected using a prepayment model developed by a third party vendor and calibrated for the Company’s collateral. The model considers key factors, such as refinance incentive, housing turnover, seasonality and aging of the pool of loans. Prepayment speeds incorporate expectations of future rates implied by the market forward LIBOR/swap curve, as well as collateral specific current coupon information.
The weighted-average multiple for MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities and residual securities represent the book value divided by the product of collateral balance and servicing fee/interest strip. While the weighted-average life of such assets is a function of the undiscounted cash flows, the multiple is a function of the discounted cash flows. With regard to AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, the marketplace frequently uses calculated multiples to assess the overall impact valuation assumptions have on value. Collateral type, coupon, loan age and the size of the interest strip must be considered when comparing these multiples. The mix of collateral types supporting servicing-related assets is primarily non-conforming/conventional, which may make the Company’s MSR multiples incomparable to peer multiples whose product mix is substantially different.
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2006, the calculation of remaining cumulative loss rate has changed to using the remaining lifetime loss projection divided by current collateral balance. All prior periods have been adjusted to reflect such change.
The prepayment penalty securities are used as hedges of MSRs. The value of prepayment penalty securities generally rises in a declining rate environment due to higher prepayment activities, which typically mitigates a
49
decline in MSR value attendant to faster prepayments. As of December 31, 2006, as a percentage of the underlying collateral, the value of prepayment penalty securities was 48 basis points, down from 55 basis points at December 31, 2005, due to an increase in the market interest rates.
HEDGING INTEREST RATE RISK ON SERVICING-RELATED ASSETS
With respect to the investment in servicing-related assets (AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, non-investment grade residual securities and MSRs), the Company is exposed to interest rate risk. The MSRs and Other Retained Assets division is responsible for the management of interest rate and prepayment risks in the servicing-related assets, subject to policies and procedures established by, and oversight from, our management-level Interest Rate Risk Committee (“IRRC”), Variable Cash Flow Instruments Committee (“VCI”), Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) group, and our Board of Directors-level ERM Committee.
The objective of our hedging strategy is to maintain a stable range of returns in all interest rate environments and not to speculate on interest rates. As such, we manage the comprehensive interest rate risk of our servicing-related assets using financial instruments. Historically, we have hedged servicing-related assets using a variety of derivative instruments and on-balance sheet securities. As there are no hedge instruments that would be perfectly correlated with these hedged assets, we use a mix of the instruments designed to correlate well with the hedged servicing assets.
We use avalue-at-risk (“VAR”) measure to monitor our interest rate risk on our assets. The measure incorporates a range of market factors that can impact the value of these assets, and supplements other risk measures such as Duration Gap and stress testing. VAR estimates the exposure to loss over a specified period at a specified confidence level. We have chosen a historical approach that uses 500 days of market conditions along with current portfolio data to estimate the potentialone-day loss at a 95% confidence level. This means that actual losses are estimated to exceed the VAR measure about five times every 100 days.
In modeling the VAR, we have made a number of assumptions and approximations. As there is no standardized methodology for estimating VAR, different assumptions and approximations could result in materially different VAR estimates.
As of December 31, 2006, the portfolio of MSRs and interest-only securities was valued at $1.8 billion. The average VAR (after the effect of hedging transactions) for the year was $2.3 million, or 13 bps of the recorded value. During 2006, the VAR measure ranged from $1.1 million to $5.1 million.
A key performance measure for the MSRs and Other Retained Assets division is the return on equity of the deployed capital. The segment as a whole reported an ROE of 25% and 23% for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The table below provides a detail by major asset class of the ROE for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31, 2006 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | Servicing
| | | AAA IO
| | | Credit Risk
| | | | | | Servicing
| | | AAA IO
| | | Credit Risk
| | | | |
| | Portfolio | | | Portfolio | | | Portfolio | | | Total | | | Portfolio | | | Portfolio | | | Portfolio | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Net earnings | | $ | 65,596 | | | | 623 | | | | 25,027 | | | | 91,246 | | | $ | 32,807 | | | | (2,766 | ) | | | 13,872 | | | | 43,913 | |
Average capital deployed | | $ | 243,232 | | | | 10,002 | | | | 117,217 | | | | 370,451 | | | $ | 125,477 | | | | 8,252 | | | | 60,230 | | | | 193,959 | |
Return on equity | | | 27 | % | | | 6 | % | | | 21 | % | | | 25 | % | | | 26 | % | | | (34 | )% | | | 23 | % | | | 23 | % |
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES AND LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT
In addition to the securities retained from our securitizations, the Company also invests in non-agency senior and agency securities and loans held for investment to generate core interest income, stabilize company-wide earnings, and provide a consistent return on equity. These securities are generally classified as available for sale and fair value adjustments are excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component in shareholders’ equity.
At December 31, 2006, mortgage-backed securities totaled $5.4 billion, of which 89% were AAA-rated securities. At December 31, 2005, mortgage-backed securities totaled $4.1 billion, of which 90% were AAA-rated securities. Our AAA-rated mortgage-backed securities had an expected weighted-average life of 2.9 years and 2.6 years at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
50
Details of loans held for investment and AAA-rated non-agency and agency securities as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 follow:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Loans held for investment: | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage | | $ | 6,519,340 | | | $ | 5,441,521 | |
Consumer construction | | | 2,225,979 | | | | 1,883,674 | |
Builder construction | | | 786,279 | | | | 612,061 | |
HELOC | | | 23,618 | | | | 31,882 | |
Land and other mortgage | | | 375,215 | | | | 260,615 | |
Revolving warehouse lines of credit | | | 246,778 | | | | 48,616 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total — loans held for investment | | $ | 10,177,209 | | | $ | 8,278,369 | |
| | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated non-agency securities, trading | | $ | 43,957 | | | $ | 52,633 | |
AAA-rated non-agency securities, available for sale | | | 4,604,489 | | | | 3,524,952 | |
AAA-rated agency securities, available for sale | | | 65,175 | | | | 43,014 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total AAA-rated mortgage backed securities | | $ | 4,713,621 | | | $ | 3,620,599 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the weighted average yields and remaining contractual maturities of our MBS portfolio, excluding other retained assets as of December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | More than One Year
| | | More than Five
| | | | | | | |
| | One Year or Less | | | to Five Years | | | Years to Ten Years | | | More than Ten Years | | | Total | |
| | | | | Wtd.
| | | | | | Wtd.
| | | | | | Wtd.
| | | | | | Wtd.
| | | | | | Wtd.
| |
| | Carrying
| | | Average
| | | Carrying
| | | Average
| | | Carrying
| | | Average
| | | Carrying
| | | Average
| | | Carrying
| | | Average
| |
| | Value | | | Yield(1) | | | Value | | | Yield(1) | | | Value | | | Yield(1) | | | Value | | | Yield(1) | | | Value | | | Yield(1) | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated mortgage-backed securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated agency securities | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 1,963 | | | | 6.50 | % | | $ | 63,212 | | | | 5.88 | % | | $ | 65,175 | | | | 5.90 | % |
AAA-rated non-agency securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,648,446 | | | | 5.51 | % | | | 4,648,446 | | | | 5.51 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total AAA-rated mortgage-backed securities | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 1,963 | | | | 6.50 | % | | $ | 4,711,658 | | | | 5.51 | % | | $ | 4,713,621 | | | | 5.52 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | The weighted average yield is computed based on the amortized costs of the securities. |
Given prepayments on the underlying collateral of our MBS, we do not expect our MBS to remain outstanding throughout their contractual maturity periods. Therefore, contractual maturity is not a relevant measure of the timing of our future expected cash flows. Actual economic cash flows are expected to be received much sooner.
SFR MORTGAGE LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT
The Company’s portfolio of mortgage loans held for investment is comprised primarily of SFR mortgage loans, with a concentration in adjustable-rate and intermediate term fixed-rate mortgage loans to mitigate interest rate risk. The Company plans to grow the investments in its thrift portfolio opportunistically based on the extent to which (1) their ROEs exceed our cost of both core and risk-based capital or (2) they are needed to support our core mortgage banking investments in mortgage servicing rights and residual and non-investment grade securities, if their ROEs are below our cost of capital. During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company added $2.9 billion of mortgage loans to the held for investment portfolio in accordance with this strategy.
51
A composition of the portfolio and the relevant credit quality characteristics as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 follow:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
SFR mortgage loans held for investment (book value) | | $ | 6,519,340 | | | $ | 5,441,521 | |
Average loan size | | $ | 310 | | | $ | 292 | |
Non-performing loans | | | 1.09 | % | | | 0.62 | % |
Estimated average life in years(1) | | | 2.6 | | | | 2.4 | |
Estimated average net duration in months(2) | | | (3.5 | ) | | | 0.1 | |
Annualized yield | | | 6.01 | % | | | 5.06 | % |
Percent of loans with active prepayment penalty | | | 34 | % | | | 35 | % |
Fixed-rate mortgages | | | 5 | % | | | 6 | % |
Intermediate term fixed-rate loans | | | 15 | % | | | 16 | % |
Interest-only loans | | | 60 | % | | | 49 | % |
Pay option ARMs | | | 18 | % | | | 25 | % |
Other ARMs | | | 2 | % | | | 4 | % |
Additional Information: | | | | | | | | |
Average FICO score(3) | | | 716 | | | | 715 | |
Original average loan to value ratio | | | 73 | % | | | 72 | % |
Current average loan to value ratio(4) | | | 61 | % | | | 58 | % |
Geographic distribution of top five states: | | | | | | | | |
Southern California | | | 32 | % | | | 32 | % |
Northern California | | | 20 | % | | | 21 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total California | | | 52 | % | | | 53 | % |
Florida | | | 6 | % | | | 5 | % |
New York | | | 4 | % | | | 4 | % |
Virginia | | | 3 | % | | | 3 | % |
Michigan | | | 3 | % | | | 4 | % |
Other | | | 32 | % | | | 31 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Represents the estimated length of time, on average, the SFR loan portfolio will remain outstanding based on the Company’s estimates for prepayments. |
|
(2) | | Average net duration measures the expected change in the value of a financial instrument in response to changes in interest rates, taking into consideration the impact of the related hedges. The negative net duration implies an increase in value as rates rise while the positive net duration implies a decrease in value. |
|
(3) | | FICO scores are the result of a credit scoring system developed by Fair Isaacs and Co. and are generally used by lenders to evaluate a borrower’s credit history. FICO scores of 700 or higher are generally considered in the mortgage industry to be very high quality borrowers with low risk of default, but in general, the secondary market will consider FICO scores of 620 or higher to be prime. |
|
(4) | | Current averageloan-to-value ratio is estimated based on the Office of the Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight House Price Index Metropolitan Statistical Area data on a loan level basis. |
Included in our loans held for investment portfolio at December 31, 2006 were $1.2 billion in pay option ARM loans, or 18% of the portfolio, as compared to $1.3 billion, or 25% of the portfolio, at December 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2006, approximately 83% (based on loan count) of our pay option ARM loans had negatively amortized, resulting in an increase of $26.8 million to their original loan balance. This is an increase from 56% at December 31, 2005. The net increase in unpaid principal balance due to negative amortization was $21.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, which approximated the deferred interest recognized for the year. The original weighted average combinedloan-to-value (“CLTV”) on our pay option ARM loans was 76%, while the estimated current LTV at December 31, 2006 is 64%, calculated based on the Office of the Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight House Price Index Metropolitan Statistical Areas data on a loan level basis. The decline in the currentloan-to-value was due to estimated appreciation of the underlying property value. The original weighted average FICO score on our pay option ARM loans was 708 at December 31, 2006.
52
CONSUMER CONSTRUCTION DIVISION
Indymac’s consumer construction division provides construction financing for individual consumers who want to build a new primary residence or second home. The primary product is aconstruction-to-permanent residential mortgage loan. This product typically provides financing for a construction term from 6 to 12 months and automatically converts to a permanent mortgage loan at the end of construction. The end result is a product that represents a hybrid activity between our portfolio lending activities and mortgage banking activities. The Company earns net interest income on these loans during the construction phase. When the loan converts to permanent status, the interest rate may be adjusted based on the underlying permanent note. As of December 31, 2006, based on the underlying note agreements, 69% of the construction loans will be converted to adjustable-rate permanent loans, 21% to intermediate term fixed rate loans, and 10% to fixed-rate loans. The consumer construction division also provides financing to builders who are building single-family residences without a guaranteed sale at inception of project, or on a speculative basis.
Total new consumer construction commitments grew 2% from 2005 to $3.7 billion. About 68% of new commitments are generated through mortgage broker customers of the mortgage bank and the remaining 32% of new commitments are retail originations. Once each loan has converted to a permanent mortgage loan, the mortgage is classified as a mortgage loan held for sale and may be sold in the secondary market or acquired by our SFR mortgage loan portfolio. The amount of construction loans that were converted to permanent status was $1.8 billion in 2006, an increase of 15% over 2005. Overall, the Company is one of the largest custom residential construction lenders in the nation. Consumer construction loans outstanding at December 31, 2006 increased 18% from December 31, 2005.
Information on our consumer construction portfolio follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | As of | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Construction loans (book value) | | $ | 2,225,979 | | | $ | 1,883,674 | |
Lot, land and other mortgage loans (book value) | | | 50,154 | | | | 107,164 | |
Total commitments | | | 3,600,454 | | | | 3,334,416 | |
Average loan commitment | | | 474 | | | | 434 | |
Non-performing loans | | | 1.14 | % | | | 0.47 | % |
Fixed-rate loans | | | 71 | % | | | 85 | % |
Adjustable-rate loans | | | 29 | % | | | 15 | % |
Additional Information: | | | | | | | | |
Averageloan-to-value ratio(1) | | | 73 | % | | | 71 | % |
Average FICO score | | | 712 | | | | 712 | |
Geographic distribution of top five states: | | | | | | | | |
Southern California | | | 28 | % | | | 29 | % |
Northern California | | | 15 | % | | | 17 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total California | | | 43 | % | | | 46 | % |
Florida | | | 9 | % | | | 8 | % |
Washington | | | 4 | % | | | 3 | % |
Colorado | | | 4 | % | | | 3 | % |
New York | | | 4 | % | | | 4 | % |
Other | | | 36 | % | | | 36 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Consumer Construction | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | The averageloan-to-value ratio is based on the estimated appraised value of the completed project compared to the commitment amount at the date indicated. |
53
| | | | |
| | December 31,
| |
Aggregate Maturities of Construction Loan Balances Due: | | 2006 | |
| | (Dollars in
| |
| | thousands) | |
|
Within one year or less | | $ | 2,136,318 | |
Between one to five years (94% adjustable-rate and 6% fixed-rate) | | | 89,661 | |
| | | | |
Total Consumer Construction | | $ | 2,225,979 | |
| | | | |
HOME EQUITY DIVISION
Indymac’s home equity division specializes in providing HELOC and closed-end second mortgages nationwide through Indymac’s wholesale and retail channels. We also purchase HELOC and closed-end second mortgages through our conduit channel. At December 31, 2006, our total HELOC servicing portfolio amounted to $3.6 billion, an increase of approximately $1.5 billion from the portfolio size at December 31, 2005. We plan to sell or securitize a majority of the loans in our HELOC portfolio and as a result, they are classified as held for sale on our balance sheet.
We produced $3.9 billion of new HELOC commitments through our mortgage banking segment and internal channels during the year ended December 31, 2006, and sold $2.6 billion of HELOC loans, realizing $25.3 million of gain on sale. In 2005, the amount of HELOC loans produced and sold were $2.2 billion and $560.9 million, respectively, with a total gain on sale of $7.9 million. In addition to the sales of HELOCs, we periodically transfer HELOCs to two guaranteed mortgage HELOC securitization trusts to maintain the required collateral level in the trusts. These trusts were established in 2004 by the Company in two separate financing transactions through which approximately $1.0 billion of HELOCs were recharacterized as asset-backed certificates to secure $1.0 billion of non-recourse HELOC notes. These transfers did not result in any gain on sale of loans as the trusts were originally established in on-balance sheet guaranteed mortgage securitization transactions. During 2006 and 2005, HELOCs transferred to the trusts were $327.1 million and $789.8 million, respectively. We fulfilled our requirements to both trusts in 2006.
All HELOC loans are adjustable rate loans and indexed to the prime rate. Information on the combined HELOC portfolio, including both held for sale and held for investment loans, as of and for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Outstanding balance (book value) | | $ | 656,714 | | | $ | 786,922 | |
Total commitments(1) | | $ | 2,211,298 | | | $ | 1,493,415 | |
Average spread over prime | | | 1.39 | % | | | 1.47 | % |
Average FICO score | | | 737 | | | | 728 | |
Average CLTV ratio(2) | | | 77 | % | | | 78 | % |
54
Additional Information
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2006 | |
| | | | | Average Loan
| | | | | | | | | 30+ Days
| |
| | Outstanding
| | | Commitment
| | | Average Spread
| | | Average
| | | Delinquency
| |
CLTV | | Balance | | | Balance | | | Over Prime | | | FICO | | | Percentage | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
96% to 100% | | $ | 87,718 | | | $ | 141 | | | | 2.14 | % | | | 728 | | | | 4.16 | % |
91% to 95% | | | 115,868 | | | | 124 | | | | 2.17 | % | | | 715 | | | | 0.62 | % |
81% to 90% | | | 226,440 | | | | 114 | | | | 1.58 | % | | | 719 | | | | 2.34 | % |
71% to 80% | | | 129,441 | | | | 198 | | | | 0.63 | % | | | 746 | | | | 0.77 | % |
70% or less | | | 97,247 | | | | 200 | | | | 0.35 | % | | | 754 | | | | 0.90 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 656,714 | | | | 156 | | | | 1.39 | % | | | 737 | | | | 1.76 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2005 |
| | |
96% to 100% | | $ | 118,995 | | | $ | 83 | | | | 2.63 | % | | | 730 | | | | 0.15 | % |
91% to 95% | | | 78,909 | | | | 77 | | | | 2.20 | % | | | 721 | | | | 0.11 | % |
81% to 90% | | | 278,304 | | | | 74 | | | | 1.86 | % | | | 713 | | | | 0.24 | % |
71% to 80% | | | 162,560 | | | | 99 | | | | 0.63 | % | | | 729 | | | | 0.24 | % |
70% or less | | | 148,154 | | | | 97 | | | | 0.33 | % | | | 745 | | | | 0.22 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 786,922 | | | | 86 | | | | 1.47 | % | | | 728 | | | | 0.21 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | On funded loans. |
|
(2) | | The CLTV combines theloan-to-value on both the first mortgage loan and the HELOC. |
HOMEBUILDER DIVISION
Indymac’s homebuilder division provides land acquisition, development and construction financing to homebuilders for residential construction. Builder construction loans are typically adjustable-rate loans, indexed to the prime interest rate with terms ranging from 12 to 24 months. The Company earns net interest income on these loans. The homebuilder division has central operations in Pasadena, California with 17 satellite sales offices in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington, D.C. Our typical customer is a mid-size, professional homebuilder who builds between 200 and 2,000 homes per year. We do a limited amount of business with large private and public homebuilders, and have begun a small homebuilder program for homebuilders building five to 25 unit projects, and who typically build five to 100 homes per year.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, we entered into new tract construction commitments of $1.7 billion, down 10% or $193 million from 2005. The decline in volume was mainly due to a slowing of new home projects as new home sales declined over the past several months. The homebuilder division is being more selective about new commitments and consequently its pipeline has reduced. Builder loans outstanding at December 31, 2006, including tract construction and land and other mortgage loans, totaled $1.1 billion. This reflects a $280 million, or 32%, increase compared to December 31, 2005 with the increase primarily resulting from advances under existing commitments.
At December 31, 2006, non-performing loans for the builder construction portfolio are at 0.78%. Although this has increased compared to prior year it is still considered low in comparison to the portfolio’s historical performance. The current softening of the housing market makes the prospect of increased non-performing assets and future losses likely. Moreover, due to the size of certain assets in this heterogeneous portfolio, the deterioration of a single asset may significantly increase the builder construction and the Company non-performing ratios. We manage this credit risk by implementing strong underwriting guidelines and risk-based pricing. Our current weighted averageloan-to-value ratio is 73%. Additionally, 97% of our builder construction loans are secured by corporate or personal guarantees of the builders as well as the underlying real estate.
55
Information on our builder construction portfolio follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | As of | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Construction loans (book value) | | $ | 786,279 | | | $ | 612,061 | |
Land and other mortgage loans (book value) | | | 358,556 | | | | 252,427 | |
Total commitments | | | 2,010,727 | | | | 1,796,712 | |
Average loan commitments | | | 10,810 | | | | 10,824 | |
Percentage of homes under construction or completed — pre-sold | | | 49 | % | | | 66 | % |
Median sales price of homes | | | 420 | | | | 377 | |
Non-performing loans | | | 0.78 | % | | | — | |
Additional Information: | | | | | | | | |
Averageloan-to-value ratio(1) | | | 73 | % | | | 72 | % |
Geographic distribution of top five states: | | | | | | | | |
Southern California | | | 41 | % | | | 41 | % |
Northern California | | | 19 | % | | | 18 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total California | | | 60 | % | | | 59 | % |
Florida | | | 11 | % | | | 10 | % |
Illinois | | | 9 | % | | | 13 | % |
Oregon | | | 6 | % | | | 3 | % |
Arizona | | | 4 | % | | | 4 | % |
Other | | | 10 | % | | | 11 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Builder Construction | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | The averageloan-to-value ratio is based on the estimated appraised value of the completed project compared to the commitment amount at the date indicated. |
| | | | |
Aggregate Maturities of Construction Loan Balances Due (All Floating Rate): | | December 31, 2006 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Within one year or less | | $ | 536,870 | |
Between one to five years(1) | | | 249,409 | |
| | | | |
Total Builder Construction | | $ | 786,279 | |
| | | | |
| | |
(1) | | 15% of these loans will mature in 2009 while the remaining will mature in 2008. |
WAREHOUSE LENDING DIVISION
Our warehouse lending division offers short-term lines of credit to approved correspondent sellers nationwide. The group functions as a financial intermediary for lenders, providing them with the financial capacity to fund loans and hold them on balance sheet until they are sold to approved investors. The warehouse lending operation relies mainly on the sale or liquidation of the mortgages as a source of repayment. Receivables under warehouse facilities are presented on our balance sheet as loan receivables. Terms of warehouse lines, including the commitment amount, are determined based upon the financial strength, historical performance and other qualifications of the borrower. Information on our warehouse lending portfolio follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | As of | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Outstanding balance (book value) | | $ | 246,778 | | | $ | 48,616 | |
Total commitments | | | 712,000 | | | | 201,000 | |
Since the reentering of the warehouse lending business in the first quarter of 2005, we have experienced significant growth. Total commitments increased 254% from $201 million at December 31, 2005 to $712 million at December 31, 2006. There were no non-performing loans in this portfolio at December 31, 2006 and 2005.
56
For information related to the Company’s balance of non-performing assets and related credit reserves, see discussion in the “Credit Risk and Reserves” section at page 60.
NET INTEREST MARGIN
Information regarding our consolidated average balance sheets (all segments are combined), along with the total dollar amounts of interest income and interest expense and the weighted-average interest rates follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | Average
| | | | | | Yield/
| | | Average
| | | | | | Yield/
| | | Average
| | | | | | Yield/
| |
| | Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate | | | Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate | | | Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Assets |
Securities | | $ | 4,658,402 | | | $ | 319,846 | | | | 6.87 | % | | $ | 3,652,102 | | | $ | 208,560 | | | | 5.71 | % | | $ | 2,906,547 | | | $ | 143,351 | | | | 4.93 | % |
Loans held for sale | | | 11,488,630 | | | | 797,460 | | | | 6.94 | % | | | 7,746,762 | | | | 430,857 | | | | 5.56 | % | | | 5,188,810 | | | | 277,494 | | | | 5.35 | % |
Mortgage loans held for investment | | | 6,243,353 | | | | 365,158 | | | | 5.85 | % | | | 5,282,342 | | | | 256,427 | | | | 4.85 | % | | | 5,271,841 | | | | 225,962 | | | | 4.29 | % |
Builder construction and income property | | | 735,841 | | | | 76,006 | | | | 10.33 | % | | | 578,865 | | | | 51,772 | | | | 8.94 | % | | | 475,123 | | | | 30,180 | | | | 6.35 | % |
Consumer construction | | | 2,014,213 | | | | 144,574 | | | | 7.18 | % | | | 1,627,281 | | | | 97,656 | | | | 6.00 | % | | | 1,330,562 | | | | 76,535 | | | | 5.75 | % |
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other | | | 887,837 | | | | 47,972 | | | | 5.40 | % | | | 757,659 | | | | 29,083 | | | | 3.84 | % | | | 347,976 | | | | 14,086 | | | | 4.05 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest-earning assets | | | 26,028,276 | | | | 1,751,016 | | | | 6.73 | % | | | 19,645,011 | | | | 1,074,355 | | | | 5.47 | % | | | 15,520,859 | | | | 767,608 | | | | 4.95 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage servicing assets | | | 1,436,725 | | | | | | | | | | | | 786,622 | | | | | | | | | | | | 483,931 | | | | | | | | | |
Other | | | 1,843,873 | | | | | | | | | | | | 846,260 | | | | | | | | | | | | 865,845 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 29,308,874 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 21,277,893 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 16,870,635 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |
Interest-bearing deposits | | $ | 8,663,777 | | | | 408,208 | | | | 4.71 | % | | $ | 5,938,147 | | | | 195,528 | | | | 3.29 | % | | $ | 4,277,667 | | | | 103,612 | | | | 2.42 | % |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 10,560,896 | | | | 491,300 | | | | 4.65 | % | | | 8,439,903 | | | | 281,929 | | | | 3.34 | % | | | 5,809,913 | | | | 145,925 | | | | 2.51 | % |
Other borrowings | | | 5,985,486 | | | | 324,787 | | | | 5.43 | % | | | 4,235,298 | | | | 172,187 | | | | 4.07 | % | | | 4,560,357 | | | | 113,009 | | | | 2.48 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | | | 25,210,159 | | | | 1,224,295 | | | | 4.86 | % | | | 18,613,348 | | | | 649,644 | | | | 3.49 | % | | | 14,647,937 | | | | 362,546 | | | | 2.48 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other | | | 2,302,455 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,283,678 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,055,871 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 27,512,614 | | | | | | | | | | | | 19,897,026 | | | | | | | | | | | | 15,703,808 | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 1,796,260 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,380,867 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,166,827 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 29,308,874 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 21,277,893 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 16,870,635 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | | | | | $ | 526,721 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 424,711 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 405,062 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest spread | | | | | | | | | | | 1.87 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 1.98 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 2.47 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest margin | | | | | | | | | | | 2.02 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 2.16 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 2.61 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average balances are calculated on a daily basis. Non-performing loans are included in the average balances for the periods presented. The allowance for loan losses is excluded from the average loan balances.
57
The following table summarizes net interest margin by segment for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | Average
| | | Net
| | | Net
| | | Average
| | | Net
| | | Net
| | | Average
| | | Net
| | | Net
| |
| | Earning
| | | Interest
| | | Interest
| | | Earning
| | | Interest
| | | Interest
| | | Earning
| | | Interest
| | | Interest
| |
| | Assets | | | Income | | | Margin | | | Assets | | | Income | | | Margin | | | Assets | | | Income | | | Margin | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
By Segment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Thrift segment and other | | $ | 15,307 | | | $ | 295 | | | | 1.93 | % | | $ | 12,527 | | | $ | 263 | | | | 2.10 | % | | $ | 10,572 | | | $ | 217 | | | | 2.05 | % |
Mortgage banking segment | | | 10,721 | | | | 232 | | | | 2.16 | % | | | 7,118 | | | | 162 | | | | 2.27 | % | | | 4,949 | | | | 188 | | | | 3.80 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Company | | $ | 26,028 | | | $ | 527 | | | | 2.02 | % | | $ | 19,645 | | | $ | 425 | | | | 2.16 | % | | $ | 15,521 | | | $ | 405 | | | | 2.61 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The net interest margin during the year ended December 31, 2006 was 2.02%, a decline from 2.16% and 2.61% from the years ended December 31, 2005, and 2004 respectively. Net interest margin was compressed as the Company experienced the negative impact from the inverted yield curve on loans held for sale. In addition, higher cost of funds and hedging cost, higher premium amortization, and increased non-performing loans contributed further decline in net interest margin.
Interest income and interest expense fluctuations depend upon changes in the average balances and interest rates of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The following table details changes attributable to:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Increase/(Decrease) Due to | |
| | Volume(1) | | | Rate(2) | | | Mix(3) | | | Total Change | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Year Ended December 31, 2006 vs. 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | $ | 57,467 | | | $ | 42,193 | | | $ | 11,626 | | | $ | 111,286 | |
Loans held for sale | | | 208,114 | | | | 106,869 | | | | 51,620 | | | | 366,603 | |
Mortgage loans held for investment | | | 46,651 | | | | 52,524 | | | | 9,556 | | | | 108,731 | |
Builder construction and income property | | | 14,039 | | | | 8,020 | | | | 2,175 | | | | 24,234 | |
Consumer construction | | | 23,220 | | | | 19,145 | | | | 4,553 | | | | 46,918 | |
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other | | | 4,997 | | | | 11,855 | | | | 2,037 | | | | 18,889 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | | 354,488 | | | | 240,606 | | | | 81,567 | | | | 676,661 | |
Interest expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing deposits | | | 89,748 | | | | 84,257 | | | | 38,675 | | | | 212,680 | |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 70,850 | | | | 110,701 | | | | 27,820 | | | | 209,371 | |
Other borrowings | | | 71,154 | | | | 57,631 | | | | 23,815 | | | | 152,600 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | | 231,752 | | | | 252,589 | | | | 90,310 | | | | 574,651 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income (expense) | | $ | 122,736 | | | $ | (11,983 | ) | | $ | (8,743 | ) | | $ | 102,010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2005 vs. 2004 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | $ | 36,771 | | | $ | 22,633 | | | $ | 5,805 | | | $ | 65,209 | |
Loans held for sale | | | 136,798 | | | | 11,096 | | | | 5,469 | | | | 153,363 | |
Mortgage loans held for investment | | | 450 | | | | 29,955 | | | | 60 | | | | 30,465 | |
Builder construction and income property | | | 6,590 | | | | 12,314 | | | | 2,688 | | | | 21,592 | |
Consumer construction | | | 17,068 | | | | 3,314 | | | | 739 | | | | 21,121 | |
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other | | | 16,584 | | | | (729 | ) | | | (858 | ) | | | 14,997 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | | 214,261 | | | | 78,583 | | | | 13,903 | | | | 306,747 | |
Interest expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest-bearing deposits | | | 40,220 | | | | 37,241 | | | | 14,455 | | | | 91,916 | |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 66,056 | | | | 48,151 | | | | 21,797 | | | | 136,004 | |
Other borrowings | | | (8,055 | ) | | | 72,393 | | | | (5,160 | ) | | | 59,178 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | | 98,221 | | | | 157,785 | | | | 31,092 | | | | 287,098 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income (expense) | | $ | 116,040 | | | $ | (79,202 | ) | | $ | (17,189 | ) | | $ | 19,649 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
58
| | |
(1) | | Changes in volume are calculated by taking changes in average outstanding balances multiplied by the prior period’s rate. |
|
(2) | | Changes in the rate are calculated by taking changes in the average interest rate multiplied by the prior period’s volume. |
|
(3) | | Changes in rate/volume (“mix”) are calculated by taking changes in rates times the changes in volume. |
INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY
In addition to our hedging activities to mitigate the interest rate risk in our pipeline of mortgage loans held for sale, rate locks and our investment in servicing-related assets, we perform extensive, company-wide interest rate risk management. A primary measurement tool used to evaluate interest rate risk over the comprehensive balance sheet is net portfolio value (“NPV”) analysis. The NPV analysis and duration gap estimate the exposure of the fair value of net assets attributable to shareholders’ equity to changes in interest rates.
The following sets forth the NPV and change in NPV that we estimate might result from a 100 basis point change in interest rates as of December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2006 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | | | | Effect of Change in
| | | | | | Effect of Change in
| |
| | | | | Interest Rates | | | | | | Interest Rates | |
| | | | | Decrease
| | | Increase
| | | | | | Decrease
| | | Increase
| |
| | Fair Value | | | 100 bps | | | 100 bps | | | Fair Value | | | 100 bps | | | 100 bps | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 541,545 | | | $ | 541,545 | | | $ | 541,545 | | | $ | 442,059 | | | $ | 442,059 | | | $ | 442,059 | |
Trading securities | | | 541,175 | | | | 573,028 | | | | 522,503 | | | | 342,545 | | | | 348,982 | | | | 323,577 | |
Available for sale securities | | | 4,183,629 | | | | 4,272,980 | | | | 4,064,097 | | | | 2,680,955 | | | | 2,727,144 | | | | 2,613,690 | |
Loans held for sale | | | 9,566,224 | | | | 9,645,767 | | | | 9,440,968 | | | | 6,057,556 | | | | 6,111,131 | | | | 5,972,194 | |
Loans held for investment | | | 10,191,350 | | | | 10,266,772 | | | | 10,081,430 | | | | 8,213,754 | | | | 8,279,424 | | | | 8,119,628 | |
MSRs | | | 1,822,455 | | | | 1,393,979 | | | | 2,142,276 | | | | 1,114,630 | | | | 930,932 | | | | 1,239,189 | |
Other assets | | | 1,882,732 | | | | 2,219,807 | | | | 1,692,256 | | | | 1,372,896 | | | | 1,436,900 | | | | 1,391,549 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 28,729,110 | | | $ | 28,913,878 | | | $ | 28,485,075 | | | $ | 20,224,395 | | | $ | 20,276,572 | | | $ | 20,101,886 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits | | $ | 10,936,012 | | | $ | 10,978,982 | | | $ | 10,894,553 | | | $ | 7,629,227 | | | $ | 7,665,078 | | | $ | 7,594,015 | |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 10,409,767 | | | | 10,565,054 | | | | 10,256,128 | | | | 6,966,946 | | | | 6,993,439 | | | | 6,940,884 | |
Other borrowings | | | 3,464,290 | | | | 3,466,577 | | | | 3,462,006 | | | | 2,990,570 | | | | 2,992,630 | | | | 2,988,513 | |
Other liabilities | | | 775,455 | | | | 775,455 | | | | 775,455 | | | | 433,995 | | | | 434,287 | | | | 433,705 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 25,585,524 | | | | 25,786,068 | | | | 25,388,142 | | | | 18,020,738 | | | | 18,085,434 | | | | 17,957,117 | |
Shareholders’ equity (NPV) | | $ | 3,143,586 | | | $ | 3,127,810 | | | $ | 3,096,933 | | | $ | 2,203,657 | | | $ | 2,191,138 | | | $ | 2,144,769 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
% Change from base case | | | | | | | (0.50 | )% | | | (1.48 | )% | | | | | | | (0.57 | )% | | | (2.67 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our NPV model has been built to focus on the Bank alone as the $0.8 billion of assets at the Parent Company and its non-bank subsidiaries have very little interest rate risk exposure.
The increase in the net present value of equity from December 31, 2005 to December 31, 2006 is partly due to: (i) an increase in our balance sheet, (ii) an increase in retained earnings of Indymac Bank in the amount of $357.6 million, (iii) a capital contribution of $360.0 million from the Parent Company to Indymac Bank, and (iv) an offset by a dividend payment of $178.1 million to the Parent Company. This analysis is based on instantaneous change in interest rates and does not reflect the impact of changes in hedging activities as interest rates change and changes in volumes and profits from our mortgage banking operations that would be expected to result from the interest rate environment.
In conjunction with the NPV analysis, we also estimate the net sensitivity of the fair value of our financial instruments to movements in interest rates using duration gap. This calculation is performed by estimating the change in dollar value due to an instantaneous parallel change in the interest rate curve. The resulting change in dollar value per one basis point change in interest rates is used to estimate the sensitivity of our portfolio. The dollar values per one basis point change are then aggregated to estimate the portfolio’s net sensitivity. To calculate
59
duration gap, the net sensitivity is divided by the fair value of total interest-earning assets and expressed in months. A duration gap of zero implies that the change in value of assets from an instantaneous rate move will be accompanied by an equal and offsetting move in the value of debt and derivatives thus leaving the net fair value of equity unchanged.
The assumptions inherent in our interest rate shock models include expected valuation changes in an instantaneous and parallel interest rate shock, and assumptions as to the degree of correlation between the hedges and hedged assets and liabilities. These assumptions may not adequately reflect factors such as the spread-widening or spread-tightening risk among the changes in rates on Treasury, LIBOR/swap curve, mortgages, shape of the yield curve and volatility. In addition, the sensitivity analysis described in the prior paragraph is limited by the fact that it is performed at a particular point in time and does not incorporate other factors that would impact our financial performance in these scenarios, such as increases in income associated with the increase in production volume that could result from a decrease in interest rates. Consequently, the preceding estimates should not be viewed as a forecast, and it is reasonable to expect that actual results could vary significantly from the analyses discussed above.
At December 31, 2006, net duration gap for our mortgage banking and thrift segments was positive 1.5 months and negative 1.6 months, respectively, with the overall net duration gap of 0.4 month. Although our duration risk has been maintained at relatively low levels as indicated by our duration gap measures, fair value gains and losses will generally occur as market conditions change. We actively manage duration risk through asset selection by appropriate funding and hedging to within the duration limits approved by senior management and the Board of Directors.
The duration gap measures are estimated on a daily basis for the mortgage servicing rights and on a monthly basis for the assets in our thrift portfolio and pipeline.
CREDIT RISK AND RESERVES
The following table presents the details of our loan portfolio:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | |
| | | | | % of
| | | | | | % of
| | | | | | % of
| | | | | | % of
| | | | | | % of
| |
| | | | | Total
| | | | | | Total
| | | | | | Total
| | | | | | Total
| | | | | | Total
| |
| | Balance | | | Loans | | | Balance | | | Loans | | | Balance | | | Loans | | | Balance | | | Loans | | | Balance | | | Loans | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Total held for sale portfolio | | $ | 9,467,843 | | | | 48.2 | % | | $ | 6,024,184 | | | | 42.1 | % | | $ | 4,445,572 | | | | 39.7 | % | | $ | 2,573,248 | | | | 25.7 | % | | $ | 2,227,683 | | | | 36.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage loans and HELOCs | | | 6,507,221 | | | | 33.1 | % | | | 5,427,270 | | | | 38.0 | % | | | 4,450,921 | | | | 39.7 | % | | | 5,587,409 | | | | 55.7 | % | | | 2,311,753 | | | | 37.3 | % |
Land and other mortgage loans | | | 375,215 | | | | 1.9 | % | | | 260,615 | | | | 1.8 | % | | | 158,468 | | | | 1.4 | % | | | 126,044 | | | | 1.3 | % | | | 130,455 | | | | 2.1 | % |
Builder construction and income property loans | | | 786,279 | | | | 4.0 | % | | | 612,061 | | | | 4.3 | % | | | 512,191 | | | | 4.6 | % | | | 475,158 | | | | 4.7 | % | | | 499,302 | | | | 8.1 | % |
Consumer construction loans | | | 2,225,979 | | | | 11.3 | % | | | 1,883,674 | | | | 13.2 | % | | | 1,574,378 | | | | 14.1 | % | | | 1,191,050 | | | | 11.9 | % | | | 922,494 | | | | 14.9 | % |
Revolving warehouse lines of credit | | | 246,778 | | | | 1.3 | % | | | 48,616 | | | | 0.3 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total core held for investment loans | | | 10,141,472 | | | | 51.6 | % | | | 8,232,236 | | | | 57.6 | % | | | 6,695,958 | | | | 59.8 | % | | | 7,379,661 | | | | 73.6 | % | | | 3,864,004 | | | | 62.4 | % |
Discontinued product lines (1) | | | 35,737 | | | | 0.2 | % | | | 46,133 | | | | 0.3 | % | | | 53,795 | | | | 0.5 | % | | | 69,524 | | | | 0.7 | % | | | 97,644 | | | | 1.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total held for investment portfolio | | | 10,177,209 | | | | 51.8 | % | | | 8,278,369 | | | | 57.9 | % | | | 6,749,753 | | | | 60.3 | % | | | 7,449,185 | | | | 74.3 | % | | | 3,961,648 | | | | 64.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans | | $ | 19,645,052 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 14,302,553 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 11,195,325 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 10,022,433 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 6,189,331 | | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Discontinued product lines include manufactured home loans and home improvement, which were discontinued during 1999. |
60
The allowance for loan losses relates to loans held for investment and is allocated to various loan products for segment reporting purposes, and represents our judgments and assumptions at a specific point in time and may be reallocated in the future based on changes in performance and other circumstances. The entire allowance for loan losses is available to cover losses in any of the held for investment loan portfolios. The following summarizes the Company’s allowance for loan losses/credit discounts and non-performing assets as of December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Total Reserves
| | | | | | QTD Net
| | | YTD Net
| |
| | | | | Allowance
| | | | | | as a
| | | Non-
| | | Charge
| | | Charge
| |
| | | | | For Loan
| | | Credit
| | | Percentage of
| | | Performing
| | | Offs/Net
| | | Offs/Net
| |
Type of Loan | | Book Value | | | Losses | | | Discounts (1) | | | Book Value | | | Assets | | | REO (Gains) | | | REO (Gains) | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Held for sale portfolio | | $ | 9,507,034 | | | | | | | $ | 39,464 | | | | 0.42 | % | | $ | 54,347 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Held for investment portfolio | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage loans and HELOCs | | | 6,507,221 | | | $ | 23,992 | | | | | | | | 0.37 | % | | | 68,699 | | | | 5,632 | | | | 7,324 | |
Land and other mortgage loans | | | 375,215 | | | | 6,690 | | | | | | | | 1.78 | % | | | 5,959 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Builder construction and income property loans | | | 786,279 | | | | 14,146 | | | | | | | | 1.80 | % | | | 8,981 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Consumer construction loans | | | 2,225,979 | | | | 11,391 | | | | | | | | 0.51 | % | | | 19,998 | | | | 1,544 | | | | 3,318 | |
Revolving warehouse lines of credit | | | 246,778 | | | | 298 | | | | | | | | 0.12 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total core held for investment loans | | | 10,141,472 | | | | 56,517 | | | | | | | | 0.56 | % | | | 103,637 | | | | 7,176 | | | | 10,642 | |
Discontinued product lines (2) | | | 35,737 | | | | 5,869 | | | | | | | | 16.42 | % | | | 4,846 | | | | 426 | | | | 2,133 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total held for investment portfolio | | | 10,177,209 | | | $ | 62,386 | | | | | | | | 0.61 | % | | | 108,483 | | | | 7,602 | | | | 12,775 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans | | $ | 19,684,243 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 162,830 | | | $ | 7,602 | | | $ | 12,775 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreclosed assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Core portfolios | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 20,918 | | | $ | 586 | | | $ | (2,230 | ) |
Discontinued product lines | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 720 | | | | (15 | ) | | | (5 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total foreclosed assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 21,638 | | | $ | 571 | | | $ | (2,235 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-performing assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 184,468 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0.63 | % | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | The amount represents the lower of cost or market adjustments in the held for sale portfolio. |
|
(2) | | Discontinued product lines include manufactured home loans and home improvement loans, which were discontinued in 1999. |
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The following provides additional comparative data on non-performing assets:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Loans held for sale before market valuation reserves | | $ | 78,238 | | | $ | 31,050 | | | $ | 65,643 | | | $ | 52,847 | | | $ | 17,603 | |
Market valuation reserves | | | (23,891 | ) | | | (10,245 | ) | | | (11,032 | ) | | | (13,992 | ) | | | (6,977 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-performing loans held for sale | | | 54,347 | | | | 20,805 | | | | 54,611 | | | | 38,855 | | | | 10,626 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans held for investment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Portfolio loans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage loans | | $ | 68,699 | | | $ | 28,335 | | | $ | 22,155 | | | $ | 12,414 | | | $ | 15,097 | |
Land and other mortgage loans | | | 5,959 | | | | 197 | | | | — | | | | 71 | | | | 8,376 | |
Builder construction and income property loans | | | 8,981 | | | | — | | | | 11,546 | | | | 9,704 | | | | 9,082 | |
Consumer construction loans | | | 19,998 | | | | 9,249 | | | | 9,553 | | | | 8,954 | | | | 10,450 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total portfolio non-performing loans | | | 103,637 | | | | 37,781 | | | | 43,254 | | | | 31,143 | | | | 43,005 | |
Discontinued product lines | | | 4,846 | | | | 5,623 | | | | 5,868 | | | | 6,449 | | | | 10,005 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-performing loans held for investment | | | 108,483 | | | | 43,404 | | | | 49,122 | | | | 37,592 | | | | 53,010 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-performing loans | | | 162,830 | | | | 64,209 | | | | 103,733 | | | | 76,447 | | | | 63,636 | |
Foreclosed assets | | | 21,638 | | | | 8,817 | | | | 19,161 | | | | 23,677 | | | | 36,526 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-performing assets | | $ | 184,468 | | | $ | 73,026 | | | $ | 122,894 | | | $ | 100,124 | | | $ | 100,162 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal and accruing interest | | $ | 185 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans held for investment | | | 58 | % | | | 127 | % | | | 108 | % | | | 140 | % | | | 96 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-performing assets to total assets | | | 0.63 | % | | | 0.34 | % | | | 0.73 | % | | | 0.76 | % | | | 1.05 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following reflects the activity in the allowance for loan losses during the indicated periods:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 55,168 | | | $ | 52,891 | | | $ | 52,645 | | | $ | 50,761 | | | $ | 57,700 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 19,993 | | | | 9,978 | | | | 8,170 | | | | 19,700 | | | | 16,155 | |
Charge-offs net of recoveries: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage loans | | | (7,324 | ) | | | (1,428 | ) | | | (3,060 | ) | | | (3,888 | ) | | | (5,783 | ) |
Land and other mortgage loans | | | — | | | | (168 | ) | | | — | | | | (11 | ) | | | (1,658 | ) |
Builder construction | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,136 | ) | | | (2,575 | ) |
Consumer construction | | | (3,318 | ) | | | (2,127 | ) | | | (1,463 | ) | | | (1,510 | ) | | | (247 | ) |
Discontinued product lines | | | (2,133 | ) | | | (3,978 | ) | | | (3,401 | ) | | | (9,271 | ) | | | (12,831 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Charge-offs net of recoveries | | | (12,775 | ) | | | (7,701 | ) | | | (7,924 | ) | | | (17,816 | ) | | | (23,094 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 62,386 | | | $ | 55,168 | | | $ | 52,891 | | | $ | 52,645 | | | $ | 50,761 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Charge-offs to average loans held for investment | | | 0.14 | % | | | 0.10 | % | | | 0.11 | % | | | 0.34 | % | | | 0.76 | % |
The allowance for loan losses is allocated to the following categories for segment reporting purposes. The overall adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is based on the allowance in its entirety. The allocation among the various loan products is representative of our judgments and assumptions at a specific point in time and may be
62
reallocated in the future based on changes in performance and other circumstances. Allocation of the allowance for loan losses to each category, and the corresponding percentage of the loan category, at the dates indicated are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | |
| | | | | % of
| | | | | | % of
| | | | | | % of
| | | | | | % of
| | | | | | % of
| |
| | | | | Loan
| | | | | | Loan
| | | | | | Loan
| | | | | | Loan
| | | | | | Loan
| |
| | Balance | | | Category | | | Balance | | | Category | | | Balance | | | Category | | | Balance | | | Category | | | Balance | | | Category | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Portfolio loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage loans | | $ | 23,992 | | | | 0.4 | % | | $ | 20,291 | | | | 0.4 | % | | $ | 17,969 | | | | 0.4 | % | | $ | 20,038 | | | | 0.4 | % | | $ | 13,053 | | | | 0.6 | % |
Land and other mortgage loans | | | 6,690 | | | | 1.8 | % | | | 4,224 | | | | 1.6 | % | | | 4,421 | | | | 2.8 | % | | | 3,167 | | | | 2.5 | % | | | 2,555 | | | | 2.0 | % |
Builder construction and income property loans | | | 14,146 | | | | 1.8 | % | | | 12,838 | | | | 2.1 | % | | | 11,660 | | | | 2.3 | % | | | 11,999 | | | | 2.5 | % | | | 14,823 | | | | 3.0 | % |
Consumer construction loans | | | 11,391 | | | | 0.5 | % | | | 11,361 | | | | 0.6 | % | | | 11,141 | | | | 0.7 | % | | | 10,440 | | | | 0.9 | % | | | 10,883 | | | | 1.2 | % |
Revolving warehouse lines of credit | | | 298 | | | | 0.1 | % | | | 117 | | | | 0.2 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total portfolio loans | | | 56,517 | | | | 0.6 | % | | | 48,831 | | | | 0.6 | % | | | 45,191 | | | | 0.7 | % | | | 45,644 | | | | 0.6 | % | | | 41,314 | | | | 1.1 | % |
Discontinued product lines | | | 5,869 | | | | 16.4 | % | | | 6,337 | | | | 13.7 | % | | | 7,700 | | | | 14.3 | % | | | 7,001 | | | | 10.1 | % | | | 9,447 | | | | 9.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total allowance for loan losses | | $ | 62,386 | | | | 0.6 | % | | $ | 55,168 | | | | 0.7 | % | | $ | 52,891 | | | | 0.8 | % | | $ | 52,645 | | | | 0.7 | % | | $ | 50,761 | | | | 1.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total credit-related reserves, including the allowance for loan losses and the market valuation reserves, totaled $101.9 million at December 31, 2006, compared to $65.4 million at December 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2006, the allowance for loan losses of $62.4 million for loans held for investment represented 0.61% of total loans held for investment, declining from 0.67% at December 31, 2005.
At December 31, 2006, non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets was 0.63%, an increase from 0.34% at December 31, 2005. The non-performing loans increased $65.1 million and $33.5 million in loans held for investment and loans held for sale, respectively. As a result of the increased delinquencies in these portfolios, foreclosure activities rose during the period, leading to increased foreclosed assets at December 31, 2006 to $21.6 million. At December 31, 2006, the allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans held for investment was 58%, down from 127% at December 31, 2005. The increase in non-performing loans held for investment is primarily due to the seasoning and the growth of the SFR mortgage loan portfolio. The increase in non-performing loans in the builder construction portfolio is mainly attributable to a loan of $9.0 million that was placed on non-accrual in the fourth quarter of 2006.
Net charge-offs increased to $12.8 million in 2006 from $7.7 million in 2005. The increase is a direct result of loan delinquencies and non-performing loans trending up. Included in the charge-offs for 2006 were $2.3 million of charge-offs related to the sale of non-performing loans that were recorded in the fourth quarter.
The increase in non-performing loans held for sale is attributable to our growth in mortgage production and an increase in early payment defaults on certain products. A substantial number of these non-performing loans are covered by the early default provision in the purchase agreements and are subject to repurchase by the sellers.
Loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when they are 90 days past due. Non-performing assets include non-performing loans and foreclosed assets. We record the balance of our assets acquired in foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure at estimated net realizable value.
Our determination of the level of the allowance for loan losses and, correspondingly, the provision for loan losses, is based on management’s judgments and assumptions regarding various matters, including general economic conditions, loan portfolio composition, loan demand, delinquency trends and prior loan loss experience. Management continually evaluates these assumptions to reflect its judgments regarding these economic conditions and various relevant factors impacting credit quality and inherent losses. In assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses in its entirety, management reviews the performance in the portfolios of loans held for investment and the non-core portfolio of discontinued product lines, which consists of manufactured housing and home improvement loans. A component of the overall allowance for loan losses is not specifically allocated to the loan portfolios
63
(“unallocated component”). The unallocated component reflects management’s assessment of various factors that create inherent imprecision in the methods used to determine the specific portfolio allocations. Those factors include, but are not limited to levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans, charge-offs and recoveries, volume and terms of the loans, effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards, other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices, and national and local economic trends and conditions. As of December 31, 2006, the unallocated component of the total allowance for loan losses was $17.2 million, compared to $18.7 million at December 31, 2005.
While we consider the allowance for loan losses to be adequate based on information currently available, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary due to changes in economic conditions, delinquency levels, foreclosure rates, or loss rates. The level of allowance for loan losses is also subject to review by our primary federal regulator, the Office of Thrift Supervision (“OTS”). The OTS may require the allowance for loan losses be increased based on its evaluation of the information available to it at the time of its examination of the Bank.
With respect to mortgage loans held for sale, pursuant to the applicable accounting rules, we do not provide an allowance for loan losses. Instead, a component for credit risk related to loans held for sale is embedded in the market valuation for these loans. Lower of cost or market valuation adjustments related to the credit risk on loans held for sale totaled $39.2 million at December 31, 2006, up from $10.2 million at December 31, 2005, primarily due to the lower of cost or market adjustments on the loans repurchased during 2006 and increased delinquencies in the portfolio.
SECONDARY MARKET RESERVE
We do not generally sell loans with recourse in our loan sale activities. However, we can be required to repurchase loans from investors when our loan sales contain individual loans that do not conform to the representations and warranties we made at the time of sale. We have made significant investments in our pre-production and post-production quality control processes to identify potential issues that could cause repurchases. We believe that these efforts have improved our production quality; however, possible increases in default rates due to an economic slowdown could cause the overall rate of repurchases to remain constant or even increase. Since 1993, the Company has repurchased a small number of loans from its securitization trusts. The increase in repurchase activity in recent years has been primarily a function of Indymac’s increased loan sale volume to GSEs and whole loan sales. As a percentage of total loans sold, repurchases have remained relatively flat at 21 basis points for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to December 31, 2005. The following reflects the repurchase activities during the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Loans sold: | | | | | | | | |
GSEs and whole loans | | $ | 47,878 | | | $ | 20,924 | |
Securitization trusts | | | 31,171 | | | | 31,373 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 79,049 | | | $ | 52,297 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total repurchases (1) | | $ | 167 | | | $ | 106 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Repurchase as a percentage of total loans sold during the period | | | 0.21 | % | | | 0.20 | % |
| | |
(1) | | Amounts exclude repurchases that are administrative in nature and generally are re-sold immediately at little or no loss. |
The Company maintains a secondary market reserve for losses that arise in connection with loans that we may be required to repurchase from whole loan sales, sales to the GSEs, and securitizations. The reserve has two general components: reserves for repurchases arising from representation and warranty claims and reserves for repurchases arising from early payment defaults. Also included in the reserve was a $1.3 million charge provided in the third quarter of 2005 (reduction of gain on sale of loans) for potential investor claims from early payment defaults on loans that we previously sold and which were collateralized by properties in the areas affected by the Gulf Coast Hurricanes. This reserve was reversed to gain on sale in the second quarter of 2006. Refer to “Note 1 — Summary of
64
Significant Accounting Policies” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
The following reflects the activity in the reserve during the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 27,638 | | | $ | 35,610 | |
Additions/provisions | | | 37,333 | | | | 19,551 | |
Actuallosses/mark-to-market | | | (32,817 | ) | | | (28,860 | ) |
Recoveries on previous claims | | | 1,778 | | | | 1,337 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 33,932 | | | $ | 27,638 | |
| | | | | | | | |
In 2006, we repurchased $22.8 million of closed-end second loans from an investor due to an early payment default provision. In connection with this repurchase, we recorded an additional $5.2 million of provision in 2006. We subsequently revised our credit guidelines, which are expected to reduce the origination of these closed-end second loans that gave rise to these repurchases. We relieved the reserve by $9.3 million in 2006 to establish discounts on these repurchased loans.
EXPENSES
Our operating expenses increased 28% from $618.5 million for 2005 to $789.0 million for 2006. The increase is attributable to the Company’s operational growth and geographic expansion to execute on its strategy to increase production and revenue. In 2006, we opened three new regional operations centers and a number of sales offices for the mortgage banking group and increased our consumer bank network to 29 branches, resulting in higher salaries and related, premises, data processing and office related expenses. The Company’s average FTE employees increased 27% from 6,240 for the year ended December 31, 2005 to 7,935 for the year ended December 31, 2006, including 561 FTE off-shore as part of our Global Resources program. We utilize the off-shore workforce predominantly in non-customer-facing back office functions to enhance service levels and improve efficiencies. Year over year, our efficiency ratio decreased from 55% during 2005 to 58% in 2006. Included in the total operating expenses for 2005 were $9 million pretax charges for the settlement of two previously disclosed class action lawsuits. Refer to “Note 17 — Expenses” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for a summary of expenses.
We have identified several strategies to help improve performance in 2007, many of which related to cost savings initiatives. For example, we will control our costs with our current hiring freeze on non-revenue-generating personnel, base salary freeze company-wide, significant variable compensation tied to revenue and EPS growth, goals to increase outsourcing from 9% of our workforce to 13.5% by year-end and cut 5% of our non-labor expenses from our fourth quarter run rate; in general, get more out of the infrastructure we have built up in the last several years as we continue to grow our business. With respect to the hiring freeze, given our normal employee attrition rate of roughly 20% per year, we expect to be able to reduce our administrative headcount and overhead while still being able to stick to our stated goal of avoiding mass layoffs except under the most extreme circumstances. Our estimate is that all these measures combined could produce up to $60 million in pre-tax cost savings annually.
As a result of the adoption and retrospective application of SFAS 123(R), total stock option expenses of $9.6 million, $12.1 million and $14.0 million, for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, have been recognized and included in the salaries and related expenses.
Income tax provisions of $212.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 represented an effective tax rate of 39.1%. Income tax provisions of $192.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 represented an effective tax rate of 39.5%. Our effective tax rate for 2007 is expected to approximate that of 2006.
FUTURE OUTLOOK
The MBA is currently forecasting that mortgage industry volumes will decline a further 5% in 2007. While we expect to continue to capture market share, we also believe that there will be a continuation of tough conditions for
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loan originations, credit performance and in the secondary market, that competition will be fierce and that the housing market will be challenging. As a result, we believe that in 2007 our revenue margins will remain under pressure and credit quality will likely worsen. In light of these conditions, we are only providing broad guidance for 2007 results. We currently anticipate that our return on equity for 2007 will range from 10.0% to 15.0%. However, the economy, interest rates and our industry remain volatile, and, if market conditions deteriorate significantly from what we are forecasting today, which is always a possibility, our actual results could vary significantly from this forecast and there could be some downside to the above ROE range.
For additional information, refer to ourForm 8-K filed on March 1, 2007.
This “Future Outlook” section contains certain forward-looking statements. See the section of thisForm 10-K entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” for a description of factors which may cause our actual results to differ from those anticipated.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
OVERVIEW
Our principal financing needs are to fund acquisitions of mortgage loans and our investment in mortgage loans, MBS and MSRs. Our primary sources of funds used to meet these financing needs are loan sales and securitizations, deposits, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), borrowings, custodial balances and retained earnings. The sources used vary depending on such factors as rates paid, collateral requirements, maturities and the impact on our capital. Additionally, we may occasionally securitize mortgage loans that we intend to hold for investment to lower our costs of borrowing against such assets and reduce the capital requirement associated with such assets. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we had average total liquidity of $1.7 billion, which consists of unpledged liquid assets on hand plus amounts that may be immediately raised through the pledging of other available assets as collateral pursuant to committed financing facilities. We currently believe that our liquidity level is in excess of that necessary to satisfy our operating requirements and meet our obligations and commitments in a timely and cost effective manner.
PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF CASH
Loan Sales and Securitizations
Our business model relies heavily upon selling the majority of our mortgage loans shortly after acquisition. The proceeds of these sales are a critical component of the liquidity necessary for our ongoing operations. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we sold $79.0 billion of mortgage loans, which represented approximately 88% of our funded mortgage loans during the year, to third party investors through three channels: (1) GSEs; (2) private label securitizations; and (3) whole loan sales. Our prime SFR mortgage loans division also acquired $2.9 billion of the mortgage loans for our portfolio of mortgage loans held for investment to provide future interest income for the Company. The remainder of our funded mortgage loans during the year is retained in our held for sale portfolio for future sale.
Our liquidity could be negatively impacted if any of our sales channels were disrupted. Disruptions in our whole loan sales and mortgage securitization transactions could occur as a result of the performance of our existing securitizations, as well as economic events or other factors beyond our control.
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank
The FHLB system functions as a borrowing source for regulated financial depositories and similar institutions that are engaged in residential housing finance. As a member of the FHLB of San Francisco, we are required to own capital stock of the FHLB and are authorized to apply for advances from the FHLB, on a secured basis, in amounts determined by reference to available collateral. SFR mortgage loans, agency and AAA-rated MBS are the principal collateral that may be used to secure these borrowings, although certain other types of loans and other assets may also be accepted pursuant to FHLB policies and statutory requirements. The FHLB offers several credit programs, each with its own fixed or floating interest rate, and a range of maturities.
On March 15, 2006, the Federal Housing Finance Board published a proposed rule aimed at bolstering capital for the Federal Home Loan Banks. Among other things, this proposal would result in the respective FHLB reducing
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dividends paid to its members until such time as the respective FHLB capital reaches a specified level. In response to this proposal, the FHLB San Francisco had planned to cut dividends paid to be based on approximately 80% of its net income from previous 95% of net income until the retained earnings target was reached. The implementation of this proposal has been deferred indefinitely to allow more time for the FHLB to evaluate other alternatives.
Currently, Indymac Bank is approved for collateralized advances of up to $15.6 billion. At December 31, 2006, advances from FHLB totaled $10.4 billion, of which $7.0 billion were collateralized by mortgage loans and $3.4 billion were collateralized by mortgage-backed securities.
Deposits/Retail Bank
We solicit deposits from the general public and institutions by offering a variety of accounts and rates through our network of 29 branches in Southern California, our telebanking, and Internet channels. Through our web site atwww.indymacbank.com, consumers can access theiraccounts 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Online banking allows customers to access their accounts, view balances, transfer funds between accounts, view transactions, download account information, and pay their bills conveniently from any computer terminal.
The following table shows our deposits by channel as of December 31, 2006 and 2005.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | | | | % of
| | | | | | % of
| |
| | | | | Total
| | | | | | Total
| |
Deposit Channel | | Amount | | | Deposits | | | Amount | | | Deposits | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Branch | | $ | 5,211,365 | | | | 48 | % | | $ | 3,322,752 | | | | 43 | % |
Internet | | | 1,185,423 | | | | 11 | % | | | 798,518 | | | | 10 | % |
Telebanking | | | 1,290,595 | | | | 12 | % | | | 934,572 | | | | 12 | % |
Money desk | | | 2,593,719 | | | | 24 | % | | | 2,122,146 | | | | 28 | % |
Custodial | | | 616,904 | | | | 5 | % | | | 493,936 | | | | 7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total deposits | | $ | 10,898,006 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 7,671,924 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our deposit products include regular savings accounts, demand deposit accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, and individual retirement accounts. Refer to “Note 10 — Deposits” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for details of deposit category.
Included in deposits at December 31, 2006 and 2005 were non-interest-bearing custodial accounts, primarily related to our GSE servicing portfolio, totaling $616.9 million and $493.9 million, respectively.
The following sets forth the average balance of, and the average interest rate paid on deposits, by deposit category for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | Amount | | | Rate | | | Amount | | | Rate | | | Amount | | | Rate | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Interest-bearing checking | | $ | 52,875 | | | | 1.26 | % | | $ | 51,487 | | | | 1.17 | % | | $ | 41,818 | | | | 0.93 | % |
Savings | | | 1,539,701 | | | | 4.64 | % | | | 1,302,158 | | | | 2.88 | % | | | 1,650,381 | | | | 1.96 | % |
Certificates of deposit | | | 7,071,201 | | | | 4.77 | % | | | 4,584,502 | | | | 3.44 | % | | | 2,585,468 | | | | 2.74 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest-bearing deposits | | | 8,663,777 | | | | 4.71 | % | | | 5,938,147 | | | | 3.29 | % | | | 4,277,667 | | | | 2.42 | % |
Non-interest-bearing checking | | | 67,681 | | | | 0.00 | % | | | 60,778 | | | | 0.00 | % | | | 50,360 | | | | 0.00 | % |
Custodial accounts | | | 643,124 | | | | 0.00 | % | | | 657,596 | | | | 0.00 | % | | | 660,877 | | | | 0.00 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total deposits | | $ | 9,374,582 | | | | 4.35 | % | | $ | 6,656,521 | | | | 2.93 | % | | $ | 4,988,904 | | | | 2.07 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued but unpaid interest on deposits included in other liabilities totaled $3.8 million, $10.7 million and $1.0 million at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
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Trust Preferred Securities and Warrants
On November 14, 2001, we completed an offering of Warrants and Income Redeemable Equity Securities (“WIRES”) to investors. Gross proceeds of the transaction were $175 million. The securities were offered as units consisting of trust preferred securities, issued by a trust formed by us, and warrants to purchase Indymac Bancorp’s common stock.
In 2006, we issued an additional $188 million in pooled trust preferred securities without warrants attached. To date, we have issued $368 million of such trust preferred securities. Refer to “Note 12 — Other Borrowings” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion of trust preferred securities and warrants.
Other Borrowings, Excluding Subordinated Debentures Underlying Trust Preferred Securities
Other borrowings, excluding the subordinated debentures underlying the trust preferred securities, consist of asset-backed commercial paper, loans and securities sold under committed financing facilities and uncommitted agreements to repurchase, and notes payable. Total other borrowings increased to $4.2 billion at December 31, 2006, from $4.1 billion at December 31, 2005.
At December 31, 2006, we had $8.4 billion in committed financing facilities ($8.0 billion whole loan facilities, $300 million bond facilities and $100 million in unsecured revolving line of credit). Of these committed financing facilities, $2.2 billion was available for use, based on eligible collateral. Decisions by our lenders and investors to make additional funds available to us in the future will depend upon a number of factors. These include our compliance with the terms of existing credit arrangements, our financial performance, eligible collateral, changes in our credit rating, industry and market trends in our various businesses, the general availability and interest rates applicable to financing and investments, the lenders’and/or investors’ own resources and policies concerning loans and investments and the relative attractiveness of alternative investment or lending opportunities. As of December 31, 2006, we believe we were in compliance with all representations, warranties, and financial covenants under our borrowing facilities. Refer to “Note 12 — Other Borrowings” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company’s borrowing facilities.
Additional information related to our repurchase agreements follow:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Average balance during the year | | $ | 3,726,067 | | | $ | 2,947,552 | | | $ | 3,734,377 | |
Maximum balance outstanding (1) | | | 6,026,510 | | | | 5,254,136 | | | | 4,694,704 | |
Balance at December 31, | | | 2,455,505 | | | | 3,057,262 | | | | 1,930,686 | |
Interest rate, end of year | | | 5.5 | % | | | 4.7 | % | | | 2.7 | % |
Weighted average coupon rate during the year | | | 5.2 | % | | | 3.9 | % | | | 2.2 | % |
| | |
(1) | | The maximum amount of borrowings outstanding occurred in February 2006, August 2005 and May 2004. |
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The following summarizes our sources of financing as of December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Committed
| | | Outstanding
| | | | | Maturity
| |
Financial Institution or Instrument | | Financing | | | Balances | | | Type of Financing | | Date | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Merrill Lynch | | $ | 1,500 | | | $ | 99 | | | Whole Loan Repurchase Agreement | | | Jan-07 | |
UBS Warburg | | | 1,250 | | | | 298 | | | Whole Loan/Bond Repurchase | | | Apr-07 | |
| | | | | | | | | | Agreement | | | | |
Morgan Stanley | | | 500 | | | | 75 | | | Whole Loan Repurchase Agreement | | | Mar-07 | |
Greenwich Capital Financial Products | | | 750 | | | | 425 | | | Whole Loan Repurchase Agreement | | | Aug-07 | |
Greenwich Capital | | | 300 | | | | 197 | | | Bond Repurchase Agreement | | | Aug-07 | |
UBS LTD. | | | — | | | | 254 | | | Uncommitted Financing | | | | |
Lehman Brothers | | | — | | | | 59 | | | Uncommitted Financing | | | | |
North Lake Capital Funding | | | 2,500 | | | | 1,066 | | | Asset-Backed Commercial Paper | | | | |
Citicorp North America | | | 1,500 | | | | 1,050 | | | Asset-Backed Commercial Paper | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Borrowings | | | 8,300 | | | | 3,523 | | | | | | | |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 15,618 | | | | 10,413 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Financing | | $ | 23,918 | | | | 13,936 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits | | | | | | | 10,898 | | | | | | | |
HELOC Note Trust(2004-1) | | | 242 | | | | 242 | | | Note Trust | | | Apr-26 | |
HELOC Note Trust(2004-2) | | | 417 | | | | 417 | | | Note Trust | | | Oct-36 | |
Wells Fargo Bank | | | 100 | | | | — | | | Unsecured Line of Credit | | | Jun-08 | |
Trust Preferred Debentures | | | | | | | 457 | | | Trust Preferred Debentures | | | | (1) |
Other | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Financing | | | | | | $ | 25,951 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Trust preferred debentures of $78.3 million, $30.5 million, $30.4 million, $30.9 million, $92.8 million, $46.4 million, $46.4 million, $39.2 million, $41.2 million, and $20.6 million will mature in November 2031, July 2033, January 2034, March 2035, December 2035, September 2036, September 2036, December 2036, March 2037, and January 2037, respectively. |
Our credit facilities do not have default triggers tied to our credit rating. While a change in rating would therefore not directly affect our current borrowing capacity in a material manner, it might affect our lenders’ decisions to renew credit facilities with us or it may change market perceptions and impact our trading and loan sales activities. During 2006, our outlook by Fitch was upgraded from Stable to Positive. As of December 31, 2006, the corporate ratings assigned to both Indymac Bancorp and Indymac Bank were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Dominion Bond
|
| | Moody’s | | Standard & Poor’s | | Fitch, IBCA, Duff & Phelps | | Rating Service |
|
Indymac Bancorp: | | | | | | | | |
Outlook | | Stable | | Stable | | Positive | | Positive |
Long term issuer credit | | Ba1 | | BBB— | | BBB— | | BBBL |
Short term issuer credit | | NA | | A3 | | F2 | | R2L |
Indymac Bank: | | | | | | | | |
Outlook | | Stable | | Stable | | Positive | | Positive |
Long term issuer credit | | Baa3 | | BBB | | BBB— | | BBB |
Short term issuer credit | | P2 | | A2 | | F2 | | R2M |
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Direct Stock Purchase Plan
Our direct stock purchase plan offers investors the ability to purchase shares of our common stock directly over the Internet. For those interested in investing over $10,000, investors can also participate in the waiver program administered by Mellon Investor Services LLC. During 2006, we raised $148.5 million of capital by issuing 3,532,360 shares of common stock through this plan.
Capital Raising and Deployment Strategies
To optimize its capital structure and shareholders’ returns, the Company has obtained an authorization from the Indymac Bancorp Board of Directors to purchase an additional $236.4 million of Indymac Bancorp common stock for a total current authorization of up to $300 million (see “Share Repurchase Activities” on page 15). Additionally, the Indymac Bank Board of Directors has approved the following capital raising initiatives: 1) issuing up to $500 million in non-cumulative perpetual preferred securities; and 2) issuing up to $200 million in senior subordinated debt.
PRINCIPAL USES OF CASH
In addition to the financing sources discussed above, our cash needs are funded by net cash flows from operations before net purchases and originations of loans held for sale, sales of mortgage-backed securities and principal and interest payments on loans and securities. The amounts of net acquisitions of loans held for sale, and trading securities included as components of net cash used in operating activities, totaled $7.9 billion during the year ended December 31, 2006 and $4.8 billion during the year ended December 31, 2005. Excluding the purchase and sale activity for loans held for sale and trading securities, the net cash provided by the Company’s operating activities totaled $490.5 million and $222.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
Indymac Bank is subject to regulatory capital regulations administered by the federal banking agencies. As of December 31, 2006, Indymac Bank met all of the requirements of a “well-capitalized” institution under the general regulatory capital regulations. We believe that, under current regulations, Indymac Bank will continue to meet its “well-capitalized” minimum capital requirements in the foreseeable future. Indymac Bank’s regulatory capital compliance could be impacted, however, by a number of factors, such as changes to applicable regulations, adverse action by our regulators, changes in our mix of assets, interest rate fluctuations, loan loss provisions and credit losses, or significant changes in the economy in areas where we have most of our loans. Any of these factors could cause our actual future results to vary from anticipated future results and consequently could have an adverse impact on the ability of Indymac Bank to meet its future minimum capital requirements. Refer to “Note 23 — Regulatory Requirements” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the ordinary course of our business, we engage in financial transactions that are not recorded on our balance sheet. These transactions are structured to manage our interest rate, credit or liquidity risks, to diversify funding sources or to optimize our capital usage.
Substantially all of our off-balance sheet arrangements relate to the securitization of mortgage loans. Our mortgage loan securitizations are normally structured as sales in accordance with SFAS 140, which involves the transfer of the mortgage loans to “qualifying special-purpose entities” that are not subject to consolidation. In a securitization, an entity transferring the assets is able to convert those assets into cash. Special-purpose entities used in such securitizations obtain cash to acquire the assets by issuing securities to investors. We also, generally, have the right to repurchase mortgage loans from the special-purpose entities if the remaining outstanding balance of the mortgage loans falls to a level where the cost of servicing the loans exceeds the revenues we earn.
In connection with our loan sales that are securitization transactions, there are $68.7 billion in loans owned by off-balance sheet trusts as of December 31, 2006. The trusts have issued bonds secured by these loans. We have no obligation to provide funding support to either the third party investors or the off-balance sheet trusts. Generally, neither the third party investors nor the trusts have recourse to our assets or us, and they have no ability to require us to repurchase their loans other than for non-credit-related recourse that can arise under standard representations and
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warranties. We maintain secondary market reserves mostly for losses that could arise in connection with loans that we are required to repurchase from GSEs and whole loan sales. For information on the sales proceeds and cash flows from our securitizations for 2006 see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Principal Sources of Cash — Loan Sales and Securitizations.”
We often retain certain interests, which may include subordinated classes of securities, MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, prepayment penalty and residual securities in the securitization trust. The performance of the loans in the trusts will impact our ability to realize the current estimated fair value of these assets that are included on our balance sheet. MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, principal-only securities, prepayment penalty securities, non-investment grade securities and residual securities were $1.8 billion, $73.6 million, $38.5 million, $97.6 million, $80.2 million and $250.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2006. See “Note 14 — Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets” in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for further disclosure of credit exposure associated with our securitizations.
Management does not believe that any of its off-balance sheet arrangements have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
AGGREGATE CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table summarizes our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2006. The payment amounts represent those amounts contractually due to the recipient and do not include any unamortized premiums or discounts, hedge basis adjustments, or other similar carrying value adjustments.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payment Due | |
| | | | | January 1, 2007
| | | January 1, 2008
| | | January 1, 2010
| | | | | | | |
| | Note
| | | through
| | | through
| | | through
| | | After
| | | | |
| | Reference | | | December 31, 2007 | | | December 31, 2009 | | | December 31, 2011 | | | December 31, 2011 | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Deposits Without a Stated Maturity | | | 10 | | | $ | 2,042,258 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,042,258 | |
Custodial Accounts and Certificates of Deposits | | | 10 | | | | 8,587,667 | | | | 203,528 | | | | 64,354 | | | | 199 | | | | 8,855,748 | |
FHLB Advances | | | 11 | | | | 5,053,000 | | | | 2,642,000 | | | | 2,548,800 | | | | 169,000 | | | | 10,412,800 | |
Asset-backed commercial papers | | | 12 | | | | 2,114,508 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,114,508 | |
Repurchase Agreements | | | 12 | | | | 1,405,505 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,405,505 | |
HELOC Notes (1) | | | 12 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 659,283 | | | | 659,283 | |
Trust Preferred Debentures | | | 12 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 456,695 | | | | 456,695 | |
Other Notes | | | 12 | | | | 1,009 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,009 | |
Accrued Interest Payable | | | — | | | | 161,682 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 161,682 | |
Deferred Compensation | | | — | | | | 2,353 | | | | 9,785 | | | | 13,531 | | | | 21,553 | | | | 47,222 | |
Operating Leases (2) | | | 21 | | | | 36,119 | | | | 62,574 | | | | 40,347 | | | | 43,287 | | | | 182,327 | |
Employment Agreements (3) | | | — | | | | 12,792 | | | | 18,323 | | | | 4,516 | | | | — | | | | 35,631 | |
Purchase Obligations | | | — | | | | 4,245 | | | | 7,381 | | | | 759 | | | | — | | | | 12,385 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | $ | 19,421,138 | | | $ | 2,943,591 | | | $ | 2,672,307 | | | $ | 1,350,017 | | | $ | 26,387,053 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | HELOC notes are non-recourse and secured by AAA-rated HELOC certificates. |
|
(2) | | Total lease commitments are net of sublease rental income. |
|
(3) | | With the exception of the Chief Executive Officer, the amounts represent compensation for ten senior executives and includes both base salary and estimated bonuses, calculated based on the terms in their respective written employment agreements. According to the Chief Executive Officer’s employment agreement, his bonus is contingent upon future financial performance of the Company and cannot be reasonably estimated for future periods. As a result, only his base salary and his actual 2006 bonus to be paid in 2007 are included above. |
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A schedule of significant commitments at December 31, 2006 follows:
| | | | |
| | Payment Due | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Undisbursed loan commitments: | | | | |
Reverse mortgages | | $ | 426,977 | |
Builder construction | | | 858,525 | |
Consumer construction | | | 1,317,346 | |
HELOCs | | | 1,582,748 | |
Revolving warehouse lending | | | 465,222 | |
Letters of credit | | $ | 14,042 | |
At December 31, 2006, there were no loan purchase commitments under ourclean-up call rights. See “Note 21 — Commitments and Contingencies” in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements for further details of ourclean-up call rights.
Additionally, in connection with standard representations and warranties on loan sales and securitizations, we are occasionally required to repurchase loans or make certain payments to settle claims based on breaches of these representations and warranties. In 2006, our active mortgage banking operations have sold $79.0 billion in loans and repurchased $167 million loans, or 0.21% of total loans sold. To provide for probable future losses related to loans sold, we have established a reserve based on estimated losses on actual pending and expected claims and repurchase requests, historical experience, loan sales volume and loan sale distribution channels and the assessment of the probability of vendor or investor claims, which is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The balance in this reserve totaled $33.9 million at December 31, 2006. See the “Secondary Market Reserve” section on page 64 for further information.
RISK FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS GENERALLY
The level of demand for our mortgage loans may decrease as a result of rising interest rates, which could adversely impact our earnings.
The mortgage industry is a cyclical business that generally performs better in a low interest rate environment. The environment of historically low interest rates over the past three years has been favorable for mortgage bankers, such as us. As the industry transitions to a higher interest rate environment, rising interest rates generally reduce the demand for mortgage loans and construction loans. If demand for these loans decreases, our earnings may decrease because our alternative investments may earn less income for us than the origination and sale of mortgage loans. Demand for these loans could also be reduced by a weaker economy, an increase in unemployment or a decrease in real estate values. There are numerous economic factors, including inflation, that could also impact interest rates, housing prices or housing demand. Gain on sale of loans is a large component of our revenue and would be adversely impacted by a significant decrease in our mortgage loan volume.
Actions undertaken by current and potential competitors could adversely impact our earnings and financial position.
We face significant competition in acquiring and selling loans. In our mortgage banking operations, we compete with other mortgage bankers, GSEs, established third party lending programs, investment banking firms, banks, savings and loan associations, and other lenders and entities purchasing mortgage assets. With regard to MBS issued through our mortgage banking operations, we face competition from other investment opportunities available to prospective investors. We estimate our market share of the U.S. mortgage market to be approximately 3.58% for 2006. A number of our competitors have significantly larger market share and financial resources. We seek to compete with financial institutions and mortgage companies through an emphasis on quality of service, diversified products, strong risk management and maximum use of technology.
The GSEs have made and we believe will continue to make significant technological and economic advances to broaden their customer bases. When the GSEs expand, there are both positive and negative impacts on our mortgage banking lending operations. As GSEs expand, additional liquidity is brought to the market, and loan
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products can be resold more quickly. Conversely, expanding GSEs increase competition for loans, which may reduce profit margins on loan sales. We seek to address these competitive pressures by making a strong effort to maximize our use of technology, by diversifying into other residential mortgage products that are less affected by GSEs, and by operating in a more cost-effective manner than our competitors.
We are subject to changing government regulations, which could adversely affect our operations.
The banking industry, in general, is heavily regulated. As a savings and loan holding company, we are subject to regulation by the OTS, and Indymac Bank is subject to regulation by the OTS and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the FDIC. The economic and political environment influence regulatory policies, and as such, any or all of our business activities are subject to change if and when our primary regulators change the policies and regulations. Our business is subject to the laws, rules and regulations of various federal and state government agencies. These laws, rules and regulations, among other things, limit the interest rates, finance charges and other fees we may charge, require us to make extensive disclosure and prohibit discrimination. We also are subject to inspection by the OTS and the FDIC. Our business is also subject to laws, rules and regulations regarding the disclosure of non-public information about our customers to non-affiliated third parties. Our operations on the Internet are not currently subject to direct regulation by any government agency in the United States beyond OTS regulations and regulations applicable to businesses generally. A number of legislative and regulatory proposals currently under consideration by federal, state and local governmental organizations may lead to laws or regulations concerning various aspects of business on the Internet, including: user privacy, taxation, content, access charges, liability for third-party activities, and jurisdiction. The adoption of new laws or a change in the application of existing laws may decrease the use of the Internet, increase our costs or otherwise adversely affect our business.
Regulatory and legal requirements are subject to change. If such requirements change and become more restrictive, it would be more difficult and expensive for us to comply and could affect the way we conduct our business, which could adversely impact our operations and earnings.
Our financial condition and results of operations are reported in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. While not impacting economic results, future changes in accounting principles issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board could impact our earnings as reported under GAAP. As a public company, we are also subject to the corporate governance standards set forth in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange. Complying with these standards, rules and regulations may impose administrative costs and burdens on us.
Additionally, political conditions could impact our earnings. Acts or threats of war or terrorism, as well as actions taken by the U.S. or other governments in response to such acts or threats, could impact business and economic conditions in which we operate.
Economic downturns or disasters in our principal lending markets, including California, Florida, Michigan, New Jersey and New York, could adversely impact our earnings.
A majority of our loans are geographically concentrated in certain states, including California, Florida, Michigan, New York and New Jersey, with 52% of our loan receivable balance at December 31, 2006 being in California. Any adverse economic conditions in these markets could cause the number of loans acquired to decrease, likely resulting in a corresponding decline in revenues and an increase in credit risk. Also, we could be adversely affected by business disruptions triggered by natural disasters or acts of war or terrorism in these geographic areas.
Our business is highly dependent upon technology for execution of our business model.
Our business performance is highly dependent on solidly executing our mortgage banking business model. We must properly price and continue to expand our products, customer base and market share. In addition, the execution of our hedging activities is critical as we have significant exposure to changes in interest rates.
We are highly dependent on the use of technology in all areas of our business and we must take advantage of advances in technology to stay competitive. There are no guarantees as to our degree of success in anticipating and taking advantage of technological advances or that we will be more successful in the use of technology than our competitors.
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Our business process outsourcing and information technology outsourcing activities in India may be adversely impacted by instability in the Indian business environment caused by political factors or data security breaches involving outsourcing firms.
Through the Global Resources program, we utilize an off-shore workforce in India predominantly in non-customer-facing back office functions to enhance service levels and improve efficiencies. Political instability, increasing labor disputes and public uprisings may cause disruptions to the general business environment in India. We do not believe these issues should materially impact our outsourcing activities. However, if political and social unrest in India dramatically worsens, our outsourcing activities may be adversely impacted.
Additionally, there have been reported incidences of alleged security breaches and loss of customer data involving the outsourcing industry in India. While we have not been affected by any such security breaches and we believe our overall information security framework is very solid, we cannot guarantee that all potential security risks abroad have been eliminated.
We may be adversely affected by unusual employee turnover.
Our strategic goals anticipate the need to continue to attract and retain talented employees. There is significant competition among employers in the financial service industry and we experience turnover of employees. For 2006, our turnover rate was 21.7%. We do not believe that this rate of turnover is unusual in our industry and we have not experienced significant shortfalls in our strategic goals to date as a result of turnover. However, should we be subjected to unusual turnover of employees, it may have a negative effect on our business and operating results. In January 2007, we have announced a company-wide base salary freeze in response to the current market environment. Consequently, this may increase our turnover rate and thus negatively impact our business and operating results.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INTEREST RATE HEDGING STRATEGIES
Certain hedging strategies that we use to manage our assets and liabilities may be ineffective to mitigate the impact of interest rate changes.
We utilize various hedging strategies to mitigate the interest rate risk and prepayment risk inherent in many of our assets, including our mortgage pipeline, our portfolio of interest-only securities, our mortgage servicing rights portfolio, and other financial instruments in which we invest.
Due to the characteristics of our financial assets and liabilities and the nature of our business activities, our liquidity, financial position, and results of operations may be materially affected by changes in interest rates in various ways. The objective of our hedging strategies is to mitigate the impact of interest rate changes, on an economic and accounting basis, on net interest income and the fair value of our balance sheet. The overall effectiveness of these hedging strategies is subject to market conditions, the quality of our execution, the accuracy of our asset valuation assumptions and other sources of interest rate risk discussed further below.
Certain hedging strategies that we use to manage our mortgage pipeline may be ineffective to mitigate the risk of overall changes in fair value of loans held for sale and interest rate lock commitments.
The mortgage pipeline consists of our commitments to purchase mortgage loans, or interest rate locks, and funded mortgage loans that will be sold in the secondary market. The risk associated with the mortgage pipeline is that interest rates will fluctuate between the time we commit to purchase a loan at a pre-determined price, or the customer locks in the interest rate on a loan, and the time we sell or commit to sell the mortgage loan. These commitments are managed net of the anticipated loan funding probability, or fallout factor. Generally speaking, if interest rates increase, the value of an unhedged mortgage pipeline decreases, and gain on sale margins are adversely impacted. Typically, we hedge the risk of overall changes in fair value of loans held for sale by either entering into forward loan sale agreements, selling forward Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac MBS or using other derivative instruments to hedge loan commitments and to create fair value hedges against the funded loan portfolios. If the hedging strategies we use to mitigate interest rate risk in our mortgage pipeline are ineffective, our gain on sale margins may be compressed and our earnings may be adversely impacted.
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Certain hedging strategies that we use to manage our investment in Mortgage Servicing Rights and other retained assets may be ineffective to mitigate the risk of changes in the fair value of these assets due to changes in interest rates.
We invest in MSRs and other retained assets to support our mortgage banking strategies and to deploy capital at acceptable returns. The value of these assets and the income they provide tend to be counter-cyclical to the changes in production volumes and gain on sale of loans that result from changes in interest rates. We also enter into derivatives and other mortgage-related securities to hedge our MSRs and other retained assets to offset losses in fair value resulting from increased prepayments in declining interest rate environments. The primary risk associated with MSRs and other retained assets is that they will lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of higher than anticipated prepayments occasioned by declining interest rates. Conversely, these assets generally increase in value in a rising rate environment. Our hedging strategies are highly susceptible to prepayment risk, basis risk, market volatility and changes in the shape of the yield curve among other factors. In addition, our hedging strategies rely on assumptions and projections regarding our assets and general market factors. If these assumptions and projections prove to be incorrect or our hedging strategies do not adequately mitigate the impact of changes in interest rates or prepayment speeds, we may incur losses that could adversely impact our earnings.
Certain hedging and asset/liability management strategies that we use to manage our other financial instruments may be ineffective to mitigate the risk of interest rate fluctuations.
Certain other financial instruments that we invest in tend to decrease in value as interest rates increase and tend to increase in value as interest rates decline. These include fixed rate mortgage loans held for investment, fixed rate investment grade and non-investment grade mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. To a lesser extent, adjustable mortgage loans held for investment and mortgage securities supported by adjustable rate mortgage loans may change in value as interest rates change, if the timing or absolute level of interest rate adjustments on the underlying loans do not correspond to applicable changes in market interest rates. We invest in these assets to earn stable spread income. While such assets are generally low risk from a credit standpoint, these assets are subject to interest rate risk because actual future cash flows may vary from expected cash flows primarily due to borrower prepayment behavior.
We use hedging and asset/liability management strategies to mitigate the impact that changes in interest rates will have on these financial instruments. These strategies require us to make certain assumptions and use estimates that may prove to be incorrect and make these strategies ineffective to mitigate the interest rate risk embedded in these financial instruments. If these strategies are ineffective our net interest income and earnings may be adversely impacted.
There can be no assurance that our interest rate risk strategies or their implementation will be successful in any particular interest rate environment.
We seek to mitigate our interest rate risks through the various strategies described above. However, there can be no assurance that these strategies (including assumptions concerning the correlation thought to exist between different types of instruments) or their implementation will be successful in any particular interest rate environment, as market volatility cannot be predicted.
The following are the primary sources of risk that we must manage in our hedging strategies:
Basis Risk. In connection with our interest rate risk management, basis risk is most prevalent in our hedging activities, in that the change in value of hedges may not equal or completely offset the change in value of the financial asset or liability being hedged. While we choose hedges we believe will correlate effectively with the hedged asset or liability under a variety of market conditions, there are no assurances that the hedges we choose will be perfectly correlated with the assets or liabilities we attempt to hedge. Further, we make assumptions in our financial models as to how LIBOR/swap, treasury, agency and private-label mortgage rates, and other hedges that we might use will change in relation to one another. From time to time, in certain interest rate environments, the relative movement of these different interest rates and the corresponding change in value of the applicable hedge instruments do not change in accordance with our assumptions, which may result in an imperfect correlation between the values of the hedges and the hedged assets making our hedges ineffective in mitigating basis risk which may result in our earnings being adversely impacted.
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Options Risk. An option provides the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy, sell, or in some manner alter the cash flows of an instrument or financial contract. Options may be stand-alone instruments such as exchange-traded options andover-the-counter contracts, or they may be embedded within standard instruments. Instruments with embedded options include bonds and notes with call or put provisions, loans that give borrowers the right to prepay balances, and adjustable rate loans with interest rate caps or floors that limit the amount by which the rate may adjust. Loans that give borrowers the right to prepay balances present the most significant option risk that we must manage, and there are no assurances that the hedges that we select for any type of option will effectively offset the interest rate risks.
Repricing Risk. Repricing risks arise from the timing difference in the maturityand/or repricing of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions. While such repricing mismatches are fundamental to our business, they can expose us to fluctuations in income and economic value as interest rates vary. We monitor and manage repricing risk by calculating and monitoring the duration gap on our individual positions and in the aggregate, and maintaining certain risk tolerances. In certain circumstances, however, this internal risk management process may not eliminate repricing risk. If we inadequately manage our repricing risk through our hedging strategies, our operations and earnings may be adversely impacted.
Yield Curve Risk. The value of certain loans, securities and hedges we hold is based on a number of factors, including the shape or slope of the appropriate yield curve, as the market values of financial assets and hedge instruments are based on expectations for interest rates in the future. Yield curves typically reflect the market’s expectations for future interest rates. In valuing our assets and related hedge instruments, in formulating our hedging strategies and in evaluating the interest rate sensitivity for risk management purposes, our models use market yield curves, which are constantly changing. If the shape or slope of the market yield curves changes unexpectedly, the market values of our assets and related hedges may be negatively impactedand/or changes in the value of the hedges may not be effectively correlated with the changes in the value of the hedged assets or liabilities.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR VALUATION OF ASSETS
We use estimates in determining the fair value of certain assets, such as Mortgage Servicing Rights, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, non-investment grade securities, and residual securities. If our estimates prove to be incorrect, we may be required to write down the value of these assets which could adversely impact our earnings.
We hold assets that we retain in connection with the sale or securitization of mortgage loans, including MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, prepayment penalty securities, non-investment grade securities and residuals. We use third party vendor financial models to value each of the asset types referred to above. These models are complex and use asset specific collateral data and market inputs for interest rates. In addition, the modeling requirements of MSRs and residual securities are significantly more complex than those of AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities because of the high number of variables that drive cash flows associated with MSRs and the complex cash flow structures, which may differ on each securitization, that determine the value of residual securities. There are no assurances that we can properly manage the increased complexity of our models and valuations to ensure, among other things, that the models are properly calibrated, the assumptions are reasonable, the mathematical relationships used in the model are predictive and remain so over time, and the data and structure of the assets and hedges being modeled are properly input.
Even if the general accuracy of the valuation model is validated, valuations are highly dependent upon the reasonableness of our assumptions and the predictability of the relationships which drive the results of the model. Such assumptions are complex as we must make judgments about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. As the number of variables and assumptions affecting the possible future resolution of the uncertainties increases, those judgments become even more complex. If loans in our investment portfolio, or loans underlying certain assets in our investment portfolio prepay faster than estimated or loan loss levels are higher than anticipated, we may be required to write down the value of certain assets which could adversely impact our earnings.
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Our valuation assumptions regarding securities acquired from third party issuers may be incorrect, which could adversely impact our earnings.
From time to time, we may acquire securities from third party issuers. We value these securities with complex financial models that incorporate significant assumptions and judgments, which could vary significantly as market conditions change. If our assumptions with respect to these types of assets are incorrect, we may be required to write down the value of some or all of these assets which could adversely impact our earnings.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR ASSUMPTION OF CREDIT RISK
Our risk management policies and practices may not adequately manage our exposure to credit risk in our business operations.
We have assumed a degree of credit risk in connection with our investments in certain mortgage securities and loans held for investment and sale, as well as in connection with our construction lending operations and our mortgage banking activities. We have established risk management and credit polices to manage our exposure to credit losses in each of these business operations. We have also established a central credit risk management group to monitor the credit quality of our balance sheet and production. We cannot be sure, however, that the risk management polices and practices in place will provide adequate oversight of our credit risk.
Our earnings could be adversely impacted if the assumptions underlying our risk-based pricing models prove to be incorrect.
Our mortgage loan underwriting process, including oure-MITS underwriting and pricing system, depends heavily on risk-based pricing models. Because our risk-based pricing models, including the risk-based pricing models utilized ine-MITS, are based primarily on standard industry loan loss data supplemented by our historical loan loss data and proprietary logic developed by us, and because the models cannot predict the effect of financial market and other economic performance factors, there are no assurances that our risk-based pricing models are a complete and accurate reflection of the risks associated with our loan products which may reduce the quality of our loan portfolio and could adversely impact our earnings.
Our earnings could be adversely impacted by incidences of fraud and compliance failures that are not within our direct control.
We are subject to fraud and compliance risk in connection with the purchase or origination of mortgage loans. Fraud risk includes the risk of intentional misstatement of information in property appraisals or other underwriting documentation provided to us by third parties. This risk is typically higher in the acquisition of a loan from a third-party seller. Compliance risk is the risk that loans are not originated in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and to our standards. There can be no assurance that we can prevent or detect acts of fraud or violations of law or our compliance standards by third parties that we deal with. Frequent incidences of fraud or violations of law or our compliance standards may require us to repurchase loans that we have originated and sold at a more frequent rate than we have anticipated and could have an adverse impact on our earnings.
We are exposed to credit risk from the sale of mortgage loans.
We retain limited credit exposure from the sale of mortgage loans. We make standard representations and warranties to the transferee in connection with all such dispositions. These representations and warranties do not assure against credit risk associated with the transferred loans, but if individual mortgage loans are found not to have fully complied with the associated representations and warranties we have made to a transferee, we may be required to repurchase the loans from the transferee or we may make payments in lieu of curing such breaches of these representations and warranties.
Our management of the credit risk associated with non-investment grade MBS and residual securities depends upon estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate.
We assume a certain degree of credit risk in connection with investments in non-investment grade MBS and residual securities that we occasionally acquire from third-party issuers or retain from our own securitizations. Non-investment grade securities (rated below BBB) may or may not represent the second loss position, depending on the rating, but are typically subject to a disproportionate amount of the credit risk. Residuals represent the first loss
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position and are not typically rated by a nationally recognized rating agency. In general, non-investment grade securities bear losses prior to the more senior investment grade securities, and therefore bear a disproportionate amount of the credit risk with respect to the underlying collateral.
Non-investment grade securities represent leveraged credit risk as they absorb a disproportionate share of credit risk as compared to investment grade securities. These securities are recorded on our books net of discount that is based upon, among other things, the estimated credit losses, expected prepayments, as estimated by internal loss modelsand/or perceived by the market, and the coupons, associated with these securities. The adequacy of this discount is dependent upon how accurate our estimate is of both the amount and timing of the cash flows paid to the non-investment grade securities, which is primarily based upon our estimate of the amount and timing of credit losses and prepayments on the underlying loan collateral.
Residual securities possess a greater degree of risk because they are relatively illiquid, represent the first loss position and require a higher reliance on financial models in determining their fair value. Realization of this fair value is dependent upon the accuracy of our estimate of both the amount and timing of the cash flows paid to the residual securities, which are based primarily on our estimate of the amount and timing of credit losses on the underlying loan collateral and to a lesser extent prepayment rates on the underlying loan collateral.
If we do not adequately estimate the credit losses, prepayments and the amount and timing of cash flows associated with non-investment grade and residual securities that we hold, our earnings and cash flows may be adversely impacted.
The rate of loan losses we incur may exceed the level of our loss reserves, which could adversely impact our earnings.
We establish reserves for various credit risk exposures. These reserves are often based on estimates of future borrower behavior and the value of underlying collateral. Both our business units and corporate oversight groups review the adequacy of these reserves and the underlying estimates on a periodic basis and we make adjustments to the reserves when required. There is no assurance that our actual losses will not exceed our estimates and adversely impact our earnings.
We make and hold in our portfolio a significant number of construction loans, which may pose more credit risk than other types of mortgage loans typically made by savings institutions.
We offer residential construction programs for builders and developers. Builder construction loans are considered more risky than other types of residential mortgage loans. The primary credit risks associated with builder construction lending are underwriting, project risks and market risks. Project risks include cost overruns, borrower credit risk, project completion risk, general contractor credit risk, and environmental and other hazard risks. Market risks are risks associated with the sale of the completed residential units. They include affordability risk, which is the risk of affordability of financing by borrowers in a rising interest rate environment, product design risk, and risks posed by competing projects. While we have established adequate reserves on our financial statements to cover the credit risk of our construction loan portfolio, there can be no assurance that losses will not exceed our reserves, which could adversely impact our earnings. Our failure to adequately address the related risks could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The U.S. housing market has experienced a significant amount of appreciation in recent years and this boom has provided a very favorable operating environment for new home builders. Recently, house price appreciation has slowed, and in some markets, house prices have begun to decline. This slowdown has negatively impacted the amount of new home sales and the prices of such sales. Our builder construction portfolio has seen virtually no charge-offs or non-performing loans in the past three years. Given the current environment we expect that our non-performing loans in this portfolio will increase substantially and these non-performing loans could result in a material level of charge-offs.
Recent developments in the subprime mortgage market may affect the profitability of our subprime loans in the pipeline.
Rising default rates by subprime borrowers have caused purchasers of subprime mortgage loans in the secondary market to demand better terms. While the Bank has raised the rates on its subprime loans in order to respond in the near term to this development, the Bank is unable to change the terms of loans to which it already is
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committed and are in the pipeline. As a result, the profitability of subprime loans currently in the pipeline may be affected.
We are exposed to credit risk related to counterparties in many of our businesses. If these counterparties are unable to perform according to the terms of our contract, our earnings may be adversely impacted.
In connection with our trading and hedging activities, we do business only with counterparties that we believe are established and sufficiently capitalized. In addition, with respect to hedging activities on the pipeline of mortgage loans held for sale, we enter into “master netting” agreements with an independent clearinghouse known as the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. This entity collects and pays daily margin deposits to reduce the risk associated with counterparty credit quality. We do not engage in any foreign currency trading. All interest rate hedge contracts are with entities (including their subsidiaries) that are approved by a committee of our Board of Directors and that generally must have a long term credit rating of “A” or better (by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organization) at the time the relevant contract is consummated. We also retain limited credit exposure from the sale of our mortgage loans. We make standard representations and warranties to the purchasers in connection with all such dispositions. These representations and warranties do not protect purchasers from credit risk associated with the transferred loans, but if individual mortgage loans are found not to have fully complied with the representations and warranties we make to purchasers, we may be required to repurchase the loans from the purchasers or we may make payments to settle such breaches of these representations and warranties. While we have made what we believe to be appropriate loss allowances and reserves for representation and warranty claims, there can be no guarantee that the amount reserved is sufficient to cover all potential losses and repurchases which could adversely impact our earnings.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR LIQUIDITY
Our ability to borrow funds and raise capital could be limited, which could adversely affect our earnings.
Our ability to make mortgage loans depends largely on our ability to secure financing on acceptable terms. Our primary sources of funds to meet our financing needs include loan sales and securitizations, consumer deposits, borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank, or FHLB, asset-backed commercial paper, borrowings from investment and commercial banks and capital. Our ability to maintain borrowing facilities is subject to renewal of these facilities. If we are unable to renew any of these financing arrangements or arrange for new financing on terms acceptable to us, or if we default on any of the restrictions imposed upon us by our lenders, then we may have to reduce the number of loans we are able to fund or to hold on our balance sheet. A reduction in assets could adversely impact our earnings. Additionally, we are required to maintain adequate capital to be regarded as “well capitalized” by the OTS. There is no guarantee that we will be able to adequately access capital markets when or if a need for additional capital arises which could limit our ability to increase the assets on our balance sheet and adversely impact our earnings.
On March 15, 2006, the Federal Housing Finance Board published a proposed rule aimed at bolstering capital for the Federal Home Loan Banks. Among other things, this proposal would result in the respective FHLB reducing dividends paid to its members until such time as the respective FHLB capital reaches a specified level. The implementation of this proposal has been deferred indefinitely to allow more time for the Finance Board to evaluate other alternatives.
The level of demand for, and the value of, our mortgage loans may decrease as a result of rising interest rates, which could adversely impact our earnings.
Our business model relies heavily upon the ability to sell the majority of mortgage loans shortly after we acquire them. The key channels through which we sell mortgage loans are bulk sales of loan pools to GSEs, sales on a whole loan basis and the private securitization of loan pools, whereby the loans are sold to securitization trusts. During 2006, sales to GSEs were 19% of our total loan sales, whole loan sales were 39%, private securitizations were 38%, and the remaining was transfers to our thrift portfolio. We have ready access to all three of these external distribution channels at this time; however, a disruption in this access could negatively impact our liquidity position and our ability to execute on our business plan. The secondary mortgage market is generally a very liquid market with continuing demand for mortgage-backed security issuances. A lengthy disruption to this market may require us
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to radically restructure our business to slow volume and we would have difficulty sustaining our earnings performance as a significant portion of our earnings depends on our ability to sell our mortgage production.
Decreased secondary market demand for subprime loans may limit our ability to make such loans, which could adversely affect our earnings.
Rising default rates by subprime mortgage loan borrowers may cause the demand for such loans in the secondary market to decline. In such an event, the Bank is likely to reduce its originations or purchases of such loans, which could adversely affect our earnings.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND JUDGMENTS
Several of the critical accounting policies that are very important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations require management to make difficult and complex judgments that rely on estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain due to the impact of changing market conditionsand/or consumer behavior. We believe our most critical accounting policies relate to: (1) assets that are highly dependent on internal valuation models and assumptions rather than market quotations, including, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, prepayment penalty securities, MSRs and non-investment grade and residual securities; (2) derivatives hedging instruments and hedge accounting; (3) our allowance for loan losses (“ALL”); and (4) our secondary market reserve.
Management discusses these critical accounting policies and related judgments with Indymac’s Audit Committee and external auditors on a quarterly basis. We believe the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are appropriate given the factual circumstances at the time; however, given the sensitivity of our consolidated financial statements to these critical accounting policies, the use of other judgments, estimates and assumptions could result in material differences in our results of operations or financial condition. Our accounting policies are described in “Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
With the exception of the ALL, these items are generally created in connection with our loan sale and securitization process. The allocated cost of the retained assets at the time of the sale is recorded as a component of the net gain on sale of loans. We recognized a total of $1.5 billion in retained assets in connection with loan sales during the year ended December 31, 2006. Such retained assets were comprised primarily of MSRs (73%) and, to a much lesser degree, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, prepayment penalty securities, investment grade and non-investment grade securities, residual securities, and AAA-rated principal-only securities.
There is a risk that at times we might not satisfy the requirements for fair value hedge accounting under SFAS 133, as amended, for a portion of our loans held for sale because we do not meet the required complex hedge correlation tests. This could cause temporary fluctuations in our reported income but not in the ultimate economic results. The fluctuation in our reported income if hedge accounting is not achieved would be over a very short period as we sold our mortgage loans on average in 50 days during 2006 and the economic effect of both the hedges and loans would be recorded once the sale was completed. In addition, any imprecision in valuation of these items would be adjusted and recorded in a short period through our gain on sale margin once the sale of the loans was completed.
Fair values for these assets are determined by using available market information, historical performance of the assets underlying collateral and internal valuation models as appropriate. The reasonableness of fair values will vary depending upon the availability of third party market information, which is a function of the market liquidity of the asset being valued. In connection with our mortgage banking and investment portfolio operations, we invest in assets created from the loan sale and securitization process, for which markets are relatively limited and illiquid. As a result, the valuation of these assets is subject to our assumptions about future events rather than market quotations. These assets include AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, MSRs, non-investment grade securities and residuals. As the number of variables and assumptions used to estimate fair value increases and as the time period increases over which the estimates are made, such estimates will likely change in a greater number of periods, potentially adding volatility to our valuations and financial results. For further information regarding the sensitivity of the fair value of these assets to changes in the underlying assumptions, refer to “Note 14 — Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets” in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company.
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AAA-RATED INTEREST-ONLY SECURITIES
AAA-rated interest-only securities are created upon the sale of loans through private-label securitizations or, to a much lesser degree, purchased from third-party issuers. The values of AAA-rated interest-only securities represent the present value of the estimated future cash flows to be received from the excess spread. Future cash flows are estimated by taking the coupon rate of the loans collateralizing the transaction less the interest rate (coupon) paid to the investors less contractually specified servicing and trustee fees, after giving effect to estimated prepayments of the underlying loans. The AAA rating of the interest-only securities reflects the fact that they are exposed to very low credit risk, but does not reflect the fact that their interest rate risk can be significant.
We classify our AAA-rated interest-only securities as trading and they are therefore carried at fair value, with changes in fair value being recorded through earnings. Valuation changes, net of related hedge gains and losses, are included in “Gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. We use third party models and an option adjusted spread (“OAS”) valuation methodology to value these securities. The key assumptions include projected lifetime prepayment rates based on collateral type, option adjusted spreads, and future delinquency and default rates. Based on these assumptions, our model calculates implied discount rates, which we compare to market discount rates and risk premiums to determine if our valuations are reasonable.
In addition to considering actual prepayment trends, future prepayment rates are estimated based on the following four factors:
1) Relative Coupon Rate. The interest rate the borrower is currently paying relative to current market rates for that type of loan is the primary predictor of the borrower’s likelihood to prepay. We assume that a borrower’s propensity to prepay increases when the borrower’s loan rate exceeds the current market rates.
2) Seasoning. Based on prepayment curves and other studies performed by industry analysts of prepayment activity over the life of a pool of loans, a pattern has been identified whereby prepayments typically peak in years one to three, consistent with borrower moving habits.
3) Seasonality. Seasonality refers to the time of the year that prepayments occur. All else being constant, prepayments tend to be higher in summer months due to borrowers’ tendency to move outside of the school year and lower in winter months due to the holiday season.
4) Burn Out. Burn out is associated with a pool of mortgage loans which has endured a variety of high prepayment environments such that it may be assumed that the remaining borrowers are insensitive to any subsequent decline in interest rates. Consequently, all else being equal, projected prepayment speeds for such a pool of loans would be lower than a newly originated loan pool with comparable characteristics.
As cash flows must be estimated over the life of the pool of mortgage loans underlying the AAA-rated interest-only securities, assumptions must be made about the level of interest rates over that same time horizon, which is primarily three to five years, as these securities have a weighted average life of approximately that period. We utilize a credit spread over the market LIBOR/swap forward curve to estimate the level of mortgage interest rates over the life of the pool of loans. We believe a forward curve, as opposed to static or spot interest rates, incorporates the market perception about expected changes in interest rates and provides a more realistic estimate of lifetime interest rates and therefore prepayment rates.
The discount rate represents the implicit yield a knowledgeable investor would require to purchase or own the projected cash flows. Using an OAS model, embedded options and other cash flow uncertainties are quantified across a large number of hypothetical interest rate environments. The OAS is essentially the credit spread over the risk free rate after the option costs (e.g., hedge costs) are considered. Overall, we evaluate the reasonableness of the discount rate based on the spread over the risk free rate (duration adjusted LIBOR securities) relative to other cash flow sensitive investments with higher and lower risk profiles.
MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
MSRs are created upon the sale of loans to GSEs, in private-label securitizations, and sometimes, from the sale of whole loans. We also purchase MSRs from time to time from third parties. The carrying value of MSRs in our financial statements represents our estimate of the present value of future cash flows to be received by us as servicer of the loans. In general, future cash flows are estimated by projecting the service fee, plus late fees and reinvestment income associated with interest earned on “float,” after subtracting guarantee fees on agency portfolios, the cost of
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reimbursing investors for compensating interest associated with the early pay-off of loans, the market cost to service the loans, the cost of mortgage insurance premiums (if applicable), and after giving effect to estimated prepayments.
Subsequent to the adoption of SFAS 156, MSRs are recorded at fair value with valuation changes, net of hedges, being reported in service fee income in the consolidated statements of earnings. We use a third party valuation model and OAS. The key assumptions include prepayment rates and, to a lesser degree, reinvestment income and discount rates. Prepayment speeds and OAS derived discount rates are determined using the methodology described above for AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities.
Reinvestment income represents the interest earned on custodial balances, often referred to as float. Custodial balances are generated from the collection of borrower principal and interest and escrow balances which we generally hold on deposit for a short period until the required monthly remittance of such funds to a trustee. Reinvestment income is reduced by compensating interest, or “interest shortfall,” which we must pay to investors to compensate for interest lost on the early payoff of loans pursuant to our servicing obligations. Our estimate of reinvestment income is a function of float, which is derived from our estimate of prepayment speeds, and an estimate of the interest rate we will earn by temporarily investing these balances. The reinvestment rate is typically based on the Federal Funds rate, and we factor in the market forward curve to derive a long-term estimate.
The valuation of MSRs includes numerous assumptions of varying lower sensitivities in addition to the assumptions discussed above. For example, other assumptions include, but are not limited to, market cost to service loans, prepayment penalties, delinquencies and the related late fees and escrow balances. We believe our valuation of MSRs as of December 31, 2006 was reasonable given market conditions at December 31, 2006 and quarterly valuations obtained from third parties.
NON-INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES AND RESIDUALS
General
Non-investment grade securities and residuals are created upon the issuance of private-label securitizations and to a lesser extent purchased from third parties. Non-investment grade securities (rated below BBB) represent leveraged credit risk as they typically absorb a disproportionate amount of credit losses before such losses affect senior or other investment grade securities. Residuals represent the first loss position and are not typically rated by the nationally recognized agencies. The value of residuals represents the present value of future cash flows expected to be received by us from the excess cash flows created in the securitization transaction. In general, future cash flows are estimated by taking the coupon rate of the loans underlying the transaction less the interest rate paid to the investors, less contractually specified servicing and trustee fees, and after giving effect to estimated prepayments and credit losses.
Cash flows are also dependent upon various restrictions and conditions specified in each transaction. For example, residual securities are not typically entitled to any cash flows unless over-collateralization has reached a certain level. The over-collateralization represents the difference between the bond balance and the collateral underlying the security. A sample over-collateralization structure may require 2% of the original collateral balance for 36 months. At month 37, it may require 4%, but on a declining balance basis. Due to prepayments, that 4% requirement is generally less than the 2% required on the original balance. In addition, the transaction may include an over-collateralization “trigger event,” the occurrence of which may require the over-collateralization to be increased. An example of such a trigger event is delinquency rates or cumulative losses on the underlying collateral that exceed stated levels. If over-collateralization targets were not met, the trustee would apply cash flows that would otherwise flow to the residual security until such targets are met. A delay or reduction in the cash flows received will result in a lower valuation of the residual.
We consider certain of our investment grade securities to be hedges of our AAA-rated interest-only securities and residual securities. We therefore classify them as trading securities in order to reflect changes in their fair values in our current income. Residual securities are generally classified as trading securities so that the accounting for these securities will mirror the economic hedging activities. All other MBS, including the majority of our non-investment grade securities, are classified as available for sale. At least quarterly, we evaluate the carrying value of non-investment grade and residual securities in light of the actual performance of the underlying loans. If fair value is less than amortized cost and the estimated undiscounted cash flows have decreased compared to the prior period, the impairment is recorded through earnings. We classify our non-investment grade residuals as trading and
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therefore record them at our estimate of their fair value, with changes in fair value being recorded through earnings. We use a third-party model, using the “cash-out” method to value these securities. This method reflects when we receive the cash, which may be later than when the trust receives the cash. The model takes into consideration the cash flow structure specific to each transaction (such as over-collateralization requirements and trigger events). The key valuation assumptions include credit losses, prepayment rates and, to a lesser degree, discount rates.
Loss Estimates
We use a proprietary loss estimation model to project credit losses. This model was developed utilizing our actual loss experience for prime and subprime loans. The modeling logic has been reviewed by a third-party specialist in this area and validated. The expected loan loss is a function of loan amount, conditional default probability and projected loss severity. Characteristics that impact default probability vary depending on loan type and current delinquency status, but generally include the borrower’s credit score,loan-to-value ratio, loan amount,debt-to-income ratio, and loan purpose, among other variables. Characteristics that impact loss severity includes unpaid principal balance,loan-to-value, days to liquidation, mortgage insurance status, cash-out versus no cash-out financing and primary residence status. The loss estimation model also includes conditional default curves, which relate to the expected timing of the estimated loss. In our experience, default probabilities generally reach a peak within two to three years of loan origination and become less likely after four to five years. While there can be no assurance as to the accuracy of the model in predicting losses, we and a third-party specialist have “back tested” our model and have validated the model’s default probability logic. The model is updated and recalibrated periodically based on our on-going actual loss experience.
Prepayment Speeds
We estimate prepayments on a collateral-specific basis and consider actual prepayment activity for the collateral pool. We also consider the current interest rate environment, the market forward curve projections and prepayments estimated on similar collateral pools where we own MSRs. Increasing prepayments tend to benefit the valuation of non-investment grade securities as the projected loss gets reduced due to the shorter loan life. However, increasing prepayments may reduce the value of residual securities since these securities represent excess spread on the underlying collateral. Higher prepayments reduce the life of the residual and total cash flows resulting in a reduction in the fair value of the residual.
Discount Rates
We determine static discount rates based on a number of factors, including but not limited to the collateral type and quality, structure of the transaction, market interest rates and our ability to generate an appropriate after tax return on equity given the other valuation assumptions and resulting projected cash flows. We also review the discount rates used by other investors for similar securities to evaluate the appropriateness of our assumptions. As non-investment grade securities and residuals are our highest risk profile assets, and liquidity is generally the lowest for these assets on a duration adjusted basis, the spread over the risk free rate is also the highest of all of our cash flow sensitive assets.
DERIVATIVES AND OTHER HEDGING INSTRUMENTS
The accounting and reporting standards for derivative financial instruments are established in SFAS 133. SFAS 133 requires that we recognize all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in fair value of these instruments depends on the intended use of the derivative and the associated designation. If certain conditions are met, hedge accounting may be applied and the derivative instrument may be specifically designated as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. In designating hedges of certain funded mortgage loans in our pipeline and our borrowings and advances as fair value hedges and cash flow hedges, respectively, we are required by SFAS 133 to establish at the inception of the hedge the method we will use in assessing the effectiveness of the hedging relationship, for hedge accounting qualification, and in measuring and recognizing hedge ineffectiveness, for financial reporting purposes. In accordance with the requirements of SFAS 133, these methods are consistent with our approach to managing risk.
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In complying with the requirements of SFAS 133, our management team has made certain judgments in identifying derivative instruments, designating hedged risks, calculating hedge effectiveness, and measuring, recognizing, and classifying changes in value. Critical judgments made with respect to our hedge designations include:
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| • | Hedge Effectiveness Testing Methodology. SFAS 133 requires that we identify and consistently follow a methodology justifying our expectation that our hedges will continue to be highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in value. In devising such a methodology, which is consistent with our risk management policy, we have exercised judgment in identifying (1) the scope and the types of historical data and observations, (2) the mathematical formulas and quantitative steps to calculate hedge effectiveness, and (3) the frequency and necessity of updates to our calculations and assumptions. As discussed in the footnotes to our financial statements, we have designated certain forwards, futures, and swaps to hedge the benchmark interest rate risk in our funded mortgage loan pipeline and borrowings exposures, respectively, as SFAS 133 hedges. If the results of our hedge effectiveness tests determine that our hedges are not effective, we do not adjust the basis of our pipeline mortgage loans, in the case of disqualified fair value hedges, or defer derivative gains and losses in Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”), in the case of disqualified cash flow hedges, from the date our hedges were last effective to the date they are again compliant with SFAS 133. Therefore, the ability to recognize hedge accounting basis adjustments and OCI deferrals may cause us to report materially different results under different conditions or using different assumptions. |
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| • | Hedge Ineffectiveness Measurement. Regardless of our method of proving hedge effectiveness, we are required to recognize hedge ineffectiveness to the extent that exact offset is not achieved, as defined by SFAS 133. As discussed in the footnotes to the financial statements, the estimated fair value amounts of our financial instruments have been determined using available market information and valuation methods that we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. These estimates are inherently subjective in nature and involve matters of significant uncertainty and judgment to interpret relevant market and other data. The use of different market assumptionsand/or estimation methods may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts, and therefore on the recognition of basis adjustments and OCI deferrals for hedged mortgage loans and forecasted borrowing/advance cash flows, respectively, as well as the hedge ineffectiveness recognized in the income statement for both hedge types. |
Some of our hedges, including certain elements of our pipeline which are required to be carried at fair value as derivative instruments in accordance with SFAS 133, and other derivative instruments for which we do not designate hedging relationships for accounting purposes, involve estimates of fair value where no direct exchange-traded or indirect “proxy” market prices are immediately available. As noted above and in the footnotes to our financial statements, we employ available market information and valuation methods that we believe are appropriate under the circumstances and, as applicable, within the range of industry practice.
Changes in either the mix of market information or the valuation methods used would change the fair values carried on the balance sheet, the associated impact on the income statement, and the application and impacts of SFAS 133 hedge accounting.
SAB 105 provides guidance regarding loan commitments that are accounted for as derivative instruments. As noted in the footnotes to the financial statements, interest rate lock commitments are valued at zero at inception. The rate locks are adjusted for changes in value resulting from changes in market interest rates.
Non-derivative contracts sometimes contain embedded terms meeting the definition of a derivative instrument under SFAS 133. In certain circumstances, management has concluded that such terms are appropriately excluded from fair value accounting as they are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the non-derivative “host” contract, in accordance with SFAS 133. Under different facts and circumstances, should such embedded terms not be considered clearly and closely related, recognition of such embedded derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value would be required by SFAS 133.
ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
We utilize several methodologies to estimate the adequacy of our ALL and to ensure that the allocation of the ALL to the various portfolios is reasonable given current trends and the economic outlook. In this regard, we segregate assets into homogeneous pools of loans and heterogeneous loans.
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Homogeneous pools of loans exhibit similar characteristics and, as such, can be evaluated as pools of assets through the assessment of default probabilities and corresponding loss severities. Our homogeneous pools include residential mortgage loans, manufactured home loans and home improvement loans. The estimate of the allowance for loan losses for homogeneous pools is based on expected inherent losses resulting from two methodologies:
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| 1) | Internal Loan Loss Estimation Model — This model estimates losses based on several key loan characteristics. For further discussion regarding this model, see the previous section entitled “Non- Investment Grade Securities and Residuals — Loss Estimates.” |
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| 2) | Historical Loss Analysis — This analysis compares the level of allowance to the historical losses actually incurred in prior years. |
Our builder construction loans generally carry higher balances and involve unique loan characteristics that cannot be evaluated solely through the use of default rates, loss severities and trend analysis. To estimate an appropriate level of ALL for our heterogeneous loans, we constantly screen the portfolios on an individual asset basis to classify problem credits and to estimate potential loss exposure. In this estimation, we determine the level of adversely classified assets (using the classification criteria described below) in a portfolio and the related loss potential and extrapolate the weighting of those two factors across all assets in the portfolio.
Our asset classification methodology was designed in accordance with guidelines established by our supervisory regulatory agencies as follows:
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| • | Pass — Assets classified Pass are assets that are well protected by the net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or by the value of the asset or underlying collateral. |
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| • | Special Mention — Special Mention assets have potential weaknesses that require close attention, but have not yet jeopardized the timely repayment of the asset in full. |
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| • | Substandard — This is the first level of adverse classification. Assets in this category are inadequately protected by the net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or by the value of the collateral. Substandard assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that some loss will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. |
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| • | Doubtful — Assets in this category have the same weaknesses as a substandard asset, with the added characteristic that based on current facts, conditions and values, liquidation of the asset in full is highly improbable. |
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| • | Loss — Assets in the Loss category are considered uncollectible and of such little value that the continuance as an asset, without establishment of a specific valuation allowance, is not warranted. |
SECONDARY MARKET RESERVE
As part of the normal course of business involving loans sold to the secondary market, we are occasionally required to repurchase loans or make payments to settle breaches of the standard representations and warranties made as part of our loan sales or securitizations. The secondary market reserve includes probable losses on repurchases arising from representation and warranty claims, and probable obligations related to disputes with investors and vendors with respect to contractual obligations pertaining to mortgage origination activity. The reserve level is a function of expected losses based on actual pending claims and repurchase requests, historical experience, loan volume and loan sales distribution channels and the assessment of probable vendor or investor claims. An increase to this reserve is recorded as a reduction of the gain on sale of loans in our consolidated statements of earnings and the corresponding reserve is recorded in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. At the time we repurchase a loan, the estimated loss on the loan is charged against this reserve and recorded as a reduction of the basis of the loan.
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Changing the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities, MSRs, principal-only securities, prepayment penalty securities and non-investment grade securities and residuals (“the retained assets”) could materially impact the amount recorded in gain on sale of loans. Initially, the estimation of the fair value of the retained assets from loan securitizations and sales impacts the financial statements of our mortgage-banking segment. Thereafter, adjustments to fair value impact the retained assets and servicing division’s
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financial statements. Provisions to the secondary market reserves and adjustments to the ALL may impact any of our segments. Refer to “Note 14 — Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets” in the consolidated financial statements of Indymac for further information on the hypothetical effect on the fair value of our retained assets using various unfavorable variations of the expected levels of certain key assumptions used in valuing these assets at December 31, 2006.
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ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk, including fluctuations in short and long term interest rates. An additional risk is the early prepayment of loans held for investment, MBS and mortgage loans underlying our MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities and residuals. Our retained assets and servicing division is responsible for the management of interest rate and prepayment risks subject to policies and procedures established by, and oversight from, our management-level Interest Rate Risk Committee, Variable Cash Flow Instruments Committee, management level Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) group and Board of Directors-level ERM Committee. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Factors That May Affect Future Results” above for further discussion of risks.
We utilize a variety of means in order to manage interest rate risk. We invest in MSRs and AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities to generate core interest and fee income. The value of these instruments and the income they provide tends to be counter-cyclical to the changes in production volumes and gain on sale of loans that result from changes in interest rates. With regard to the pipeline of mortgage loans held for sale, in general, we hedge this asset with forward commitments to sell Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac securities of comparable maturities and weighted average interest rates. To hedge our investments in MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only and residual securities, we use several strategies, including buyingand/or selling mortgage-backed or U.S. Treasury securities, forward rate agreements, futures, floors, swaps, or options, depending on several factors. Lastly, we enter into swap agreements and utilize FHLB advances to mitigate interest rate risk on mortgage loans held for investment. In connection with all of the above strategies, we use hedging instruments to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk, not to speculate on the direction of market interest rates.
A primary measurement tool used to evaluate risk is an NPV analysis. An NPV analysis simulates the effects of an instantaneous change in interest rates (in a variety of basis point increments) on our assets and liabilities, commitments and hedges. The result is an estimate of the increase or decrease to net portfolio value. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis — Interest Rate Sensitivity” for a further discussion of our NPV analysis.
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ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
The information called for by this Item 8 is set forth beginning atpage F-1 of thisForm 10-K.
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ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None.
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ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
The management of Indymac is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined underRules 13a-15 and15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of December 31, 2006, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Indymac’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that Indymac’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2006 were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in this Annual Report onForm 10-K (“Annual Report”) was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period required by the SEC’s rules and forms.
Management’s responsibilities related to establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures include maintaining effective internal controls over financial reporting that are designed to produce reliable financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. As
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disclosed in the Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (“Report of Management”) included in this Annual Report, management assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, in relation to criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting as described in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework,” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2006, the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting met those criteria. The independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report has issued an attestation report on management’s assessment of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006. The Report of Management and the attestation report are included in this Annual Report Exhibit 99.1.
There have been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect the Company’s disclosure of controls and procedures subsequent to December 31, 2006.
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ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
PART III
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ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT |
The information required by this Item 10 is hereby incorporated by reference to Indymac Bancorp’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our 2006 fiscal year.
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ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
The information required by this Item 11 is hereby incorporated by reference to Indymac Bancorp’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our 2006 fiscal year.
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ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
The information required by this Item 12 is hereby incorporated by reference to Indymac Bancorp’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our 2006 fiscal year.
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ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS |
The information required by this Item 13 is hereby incorporated by reference to Indymac Bancorp’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our 2006 fiscal year.
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ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES |
The information required by this Item 14 is hereby incorporated by reference to Indymac Bancorp’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of our 2006 fiscal year.
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) (1) and (2) — Financial Statements and Schedules
The information required by this section of Item 15 is set forth in the Index to Financial Statements and Schedules atpage F-2 of thisForm 10-K.
(3) — Exhibits
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Exhibit
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No. | | Description |
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| 3 | .1* | | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of IndyMac Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000). |
| 3 | .2* | | Amended and Restated Bylaws of IndyMac Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on January 25, 2007). |
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Exhibit
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No. | | Description |
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| 4 | .1* | | Indenture dated as of November 14, 2001 between IndyMac Bancorp and The Bank of New York (“BoNY”), as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
| 4 | .2* | | First Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 14, 2001 between IndyMac Bancorp and BoNY, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
| 4 | .3* | | Rights Agreement dated as of October 17, 2001 between IndyMac Bancorp and BoNY, as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on October 18, 2001). |
| 4 | .4* | | 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006). |
| 4 | .5* | | 2002 Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006). |
| 10 | .1* | | Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of November 14, 2001 between IndyMac Bancorp, as Sponsor, Roger H. Molvar and Richard L. Sommers, as Administrative Trustees, Wilmington Trust Company, as Property Trustee and as Delaware Trustee, BoNY, as Paying Agent, Registrar, Transfer Agent and Authenticating Agent and several Holders of the Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
| 10 | .2* | | Unit Agreement dated as of November 14, 2001 between IndyMac Bancorp, IndyMac Capital Trust I, Wilmington Trust Company, as Property Trustee, and BoNY, as Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
| 10 | .3* | | Warrant Agreement dated as of November 14, 2001 between IndyMac Bancorp and BoNY, as Warrant Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
| 10 | .4* | | Guarantee Agreement dated as of November 14, 2001 between IndyMac Bancorp, as Guarantor, and BoNY, as Guarantee Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
| 10 | .5* | | Director Emeritus Plan Agreement and Consulting Agreement dated January 22, 2002 between IndyMac Bancorp and Thomas J. Kearns (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
| 10 | .6* | | Director Emeritus Agreement dated August 1, 2002 between IndyMac Bancorp and Frederick J. Napolitano (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
| 10 | .7* | | Employment Agreement dated November 1, 2002 between IndyMac Bank and Richard Wohl (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
| 10 | .8* | | IndyMac Bank Deferred Compensation Plan, Amended and Restated Effective as of September 15, 2003, as amended December 31, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
| 10 | .9* | | IndyMac Bancorp, Inc. Cash Incentive Award Program Under the 2002 Incentive Plan, As Amended and Restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004). |
| 10 | .10* | | Employment Agreement entered into July 26, 2005 between IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. and Terrence O. Hughes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005). |
| 10 | .11* | | Director Emeritus Participant Agreement, dated January 24, 2006, by and between IndyMac Bancorp, Inc. and James R. Ukropina (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on January 26, 2006). |
| 10 | .12* | | Form of Director Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006). |
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| | | | |
Exhibit
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No. | | Description |
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| 10 | .13* | | Employment Agreement entered into May 23, 2006 between IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. and Scott Keys (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on May 30, 2006). |
| 10 | .14* | | Employment Agreement entered into May 23, 2006 between IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. and S. Blair Abernathy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on May 30, 2006). |
| 10 | .15* | | Employment Agreement entered into May 23, 2006 between IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. and Charles A. Williams (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on May 30, 2006). |
| 10 | .16* | | Employment Agreement entered into May 23, 2006 between IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. and Ashwin Adarkar (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on May 30, 2006). |
| 10 | .17* | | Employment Agreement entered into May 23, 2006 between IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. and Frank M. Sillman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on May 30, 2006). |
| 10 | .18* | | IndyMac Bancorp, Inc. Amended Director Emeritus Plan effective as of May 24, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006). |
| 10 | .19* | | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement entered into July 1, 2006 between IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. and James R. Mahoney (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on July 5, 2006). |
| 10 | .20* | | Letter Agreement entered into July 1, 2006 between IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. and James R. Mahoney (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on July 5, 2006). |
| 10 | .21* | | Form of Director’s Agreement, effective August 1, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on August 2, 2006). |
| 10 | .22* | | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement entered into September 18, 2006 between IndyMac Bancorp and Michael W. Perry (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with SEC on September 22, 2006). |
| 10 | .23* | | IndyMac Bancorp, Inc. Senior Manager Deferred Compensation Plan effective December 5, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on December 8, 2006). |
| 10 | .24* | | Board Compensation Policy and Stock Ownership Requirements, revised January 23, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to IndyMac Bancorp’sForm 8-K filed with the SEC on January 25, 2007). |
| 10 | .25 | | Terms of Stock Awards Granted to Executive Officers. |
| 21 | .1 | | List of Subsidiaries. |
| 23 | .1 | | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
| 31 | .1 | | Chief Executive Officer’s Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| 31 | .2 | | Chief Financial Officer’s Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| 32 | .1 | | Chief Executive Officer’s Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| 32 | .2 | | Chief Financial Officer’s Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| 99 | .1 | | Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting |
| | |
* | | Incorporated by reference. |
89
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Pasadena, State of California, on March 1, 2007.
INDYMAC BANCORP, INC.
Michael W. Perry
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| | | | | | |
Signature | | Title | | Date |
|
/s/ Michael W. Perry Michael W. Perry | | Chairman of the Board of Directors Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Scott Keys Scott Keys | | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Louis E. Caldera Louis E. Caldera | | Director | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Lyle E. Gramley Lyle E. Gramley | | Director | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Hugh M. Grant Hugh M. Grant | | Director | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Patrick C. Haden Patrick C. Haden | | Director | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Terrance G. Hodel Terrance G. Hodel | | Director | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Robert L. Hunt II Robert L. Hunt II | | Director | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Lydia H. Kennard Lydia H. Kennard | | Director | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Senator John Seymour (ret.) Senator John Seymour (ret.) | | Director | | March 1, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Bruce G. Willison Bruce G. Willison | | Director | | March 1, 2007 |
90
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
INDYMAC BANCORP, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
F-1
INDYMAC BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
| | | | |
| | Page |
|
| | | F-3 | |
Financial Statements | | | | |
| | | F-4 | |
| | | F-5 | |
| | | F-6 | |
| | | F-7 | |
| | | F-8 | |
F-2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Shareholders
IndyMac Bancorp, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of IndyMac Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, on January 1, 2006, the Company changed its method of accounting for share-based payments in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004),Share-Based Payment, under the modified-retrospective transition method, and its method of accounting for mortgage servicing rights in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 156,Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 26, 2007 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Los Angeles, California
February 26, 2007
F-3
INDYMAC BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
|
Assets |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 541,725 | | | $ | 442,525 | |
Securities classified as trading ($152.9 million and $96.8 million pledged as collateral for borrowings at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively) | | | 542,731 | | | | 348,962 | |
Securities classified as available for sale, amortized cost of $4.9 billion and $3.8 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively ($4.1 billion and $2.7 billion pledged as collateral for borrowings at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively) | | | 4,900,514 | | | | 3,753,195 | |
Loans receivable: | | | | | | | | |
Loans held for sale | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage | | | 8,801,252 | | | | 5,170,168 | |
HELOC | | | 633,096 | | | | 755,040 | |
Consumer lot loans | | | 33,495 | | | | 98,976 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total loans held for sale | | | 9,467,843 | | | | 6,024,184 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Loans held for investment | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage | | | 6,519,340 | | | | 5,441,521 | |
Consumer construction | | | 2,225,979 | | | | 1,883,674 | |
Builder construction | | | 786,279 | | | | 612,061 | |
HELOC | | | 23,618 | | | | 31,882 | |
Land and other mortgage | | | 375,215 | | | | 260,615 | |
Revolving warehouse lines of credit | | | 246,778 | | | | 48,616 | |
Allowance for loan losses | | | (62,386 | ) | | | (55,168 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total loans held for investment | | | 10,114,823 | | | | 8,223,201 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total loans receivable ($14.9 billion and $10.2 billion pledged as collateral for borrowings at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively) | | | 19,582,666 | | | | 14,247,385 | |
Mortgage servicing rights | | | 1,822,455 | | | | 1,094,490 | |
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock | | | 762,054 | | | | 556,262 | |
Interest receivable | | | 217,667 | | | | 131,644 | |
Goodwill and other intangible assets | | | 112,608 | | | | 80,847 | |
Foreclosed assets | | | 21,638 | | | | 8,817 | |
Other assets | | | 991,258 | | | | 788,172 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 29,495,316 | | | $ | 21,452,299 | |
| | | | | | | | |
|
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |
Deposits | | $ | 10,898,006 | | | $ | 7,671,924 | |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 10,412,800 | | | | 6,953,000 | |
Other borrowings | | | 4,637,000 | | | | 4,367,270 | |
Other liabilities | | | 1,519,242 | | | | 916,664 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 27,467,048 | | | | 19,908,858 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ Equity | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock — authorized, 10,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value; none issued | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock — authorized, 200,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value; issued 102,258,939 shares (73,017,356 outstanding) at December 31, 2006, and issued 93,436,622 shares (64,246,767 outstanding) at December 31, 2005 | | | 1,023 | | | | 934 | |
Additionalpaid-in-capital | | | 1,597,814 | | | | 1,318,751 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (31,439 | ) | | | (15,157 | ) |
Retained earnings | | | 983,348 | | | | 759,330 | |
Treasury stock, 29,241,583 shares and 29,189,855 shares at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively | | | (522,478 | ) | | | (520,417 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 2,028,268 | | | | 1,543,441 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 29,495,316 | | | $ | 21,452,299 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-4
INDYMAC BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands,
| |
| | except per share data) | |
|
Interest income | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed and other securities | | $ | 319,846 | | | $ | 208,560 | | | $ | 143,351 | |
Loans held for sale | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage | | | 708,932 | | | | 387,993 | | | | 253,552 | |
HELOC | | | 80,202 | | | | 33,898 | | | | 14,298 | |
Consumer lot loans | | | 8,326 | | | | 8,966 | | | | 9,644 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans held for sale | | | 797,460 | | | | 430,857 | | | | 277,494 | |
Loans held for investment | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage | | | 321,349 | | | | 235,302 | | | | 201,722 | |
Consumer construction | | | 144,574 | | | | 97,656 | | | | 76,535 | |
Builder construction | | | 76,006 | | | | 51,772 | | | | 30,180 | |
Land and other mortgage | | | 32,650 | | | | 17,631 | | | | 12,289 | |
HELOC | | | 2,436 | | | | 2,197 | | | | 11,951 | |
Revolving warehouse lines of credit | | | 8,723 | | | | 1,297 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans held for investment | | | 585,738 | | | | 405,855 | | | | 332,677 | |
Other | | | 47,972 | | | | 29,083 | | | | 14,086 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | | 1,751,016 | | | | 1,074,355 | | | | 767,608 | |
Interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits | | | 408,208 | | | | 195,528 | | | | 103,612 | |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 491,300 | | | | 281,929 | | | | 145,925 | |
Other borrowings | | | 324,787 | | | | 172,187 | | | | 113,009 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | | 1,224,295 | | | | 649,644 | | | | 362,546 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | | 526,721 | | | | 424,711 | | | | 405,062 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 19,993 | | | | 9,978 | | | | 8,170 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | | | 506,728 | | | | 414,733 | | | | 396,892 | |
Other income | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain on sale of loans | | | 668,054 | | | | 592,175 | | | | 363,813 | |
Service fee income (loss) | | | 101,317 | | | | 44,235 | | | | (12,453 | ) |
Gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities, net | | | 20,482 | | | | 17,866 | | | | (23,804 | ) |
Fee and other income | | | 50,122 | | | | 36,701 | | | | 27,070 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other income | | | 839,975 | | | | 690,977 | | | | 354,626 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues | | | 1,346,703 | | | | 1,105,710 | | | | 751,518 | |
Other expense | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses | | | 788,960 | | | | 618,497 | | | | 482,506 | |
Amortization of other intangible assets | | | 1,123 | | | | 591 | | | | 701 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other expense | | | 790,083 | | | | 619,088 | | | | 483,207 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings before provision for income taxes and minority interests | | | 556,620 | | | | 486,622 | | | | 268,311 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 212,567 | | | | 191,989 | | | | 105,979 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net earnings before minority interest | | | 344,053 | | | | 294,633 | | | | 162,332 | |
Minority interest | | | (1,124 | ) | | | (1,505 | ) | | | (267 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net earnings | | $ | 342,929 | | | $ | 293,128 | | | $ | 162,065 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic (net earnings divided by weighted average basic shares outstanding) | | $ | 5.07 | | | $ | 4.67 | | | $ | 2.72 | |
Diluted (net earnings divided by weighted average diluted shares outstanding) | | $ | 4.82 | | | $ | 4.43 | | | $ | 2.61 | |
Weighted average shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 67,701 | | | | 62,760 | | | | 59,513 | |
Diluted | | | 71,118 | | | | 66,115 | | | | 62,010 | |
Dividends declared per share | | $ | 1.88 | | | $ | 1.56 | | | $ | 1.21 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-5
INDYMAC BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Accumulated
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Other
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Additional
| | | Comprehensive
| | | | | | Total
| | | | | | Total
| |
| | Shares
| | | Common
| | | Paid-In-
| | | Income
| | | Retained
| | | Comprehensive
| | | Treasury
| | | Shareholders’
| |
| | Outstanding | | | Stock | | | Capital | | | (Loss) | | | Earnings | | | Income | | | Stock | | | Equity | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Balance at December 31, 2003 | | | 56,760,375 | | | $ | 859 | | | $ | 1,043,856 | | | $ | (26,454 | ) | | $ | 518,408 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (519,238 | ) | | $ | 1,017,431 | |
Cumulative-effect adjustment due to change in accounting for common stock options | | | — | | | | — | | | | 57,501 | | | | — | | | | (43,354 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | 14,147 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2003, retrospectively adjusted | | | 56,760,375 | | | | 859 | | | | 1,101,357 | | | | (26,454 | ) | | | 475,054 | | | | — | | | | (519,238 | ) | | | 1,031,578 | |
Issuance of common stock | | | 3,330,000 | | | | 33 | | | | 100,138 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 100,171 | |
Exercises of common stock options | | | 1,798,215 | | | | 20 | | | | 36,423 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 36,443 | |
Compensation expenses for common stock options | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,983 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,983 | |
Net officers’ notes receivable payments | | | — | | | | — | | | | 65 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 65 | |
Deferred compensation, restricted stock, and amortization net of forfeitures | | | 126,148 | | | | — | | | | 2,827 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,827 | |
Net unrealized loss on mortgage-backed securities available for sale | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,243 | ) | | | — | | | | (2,243 | ) | | | — | | | | (2,243 | ) |
Net unrealized gain on derivatives used in cash flow hedges | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,393 | | | | — | | | | 8,393 | | | | — | | | | 8,393 | |
Purchases of common stock | | | (19,258 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (597 | ) | | | (597 | ) |
Cash dividends | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (72,414 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (72,414 | ) |
Net earnings, retrospectively adjusted | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 162,065 | | | | 162,065 | | | | — | | | | 162,065 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 168,215 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2004, retrospectively adjusted | | | 61,995,480 | | | | 912 | | | | 1,254,793 | | | | (20,304 | ) | | | 564,705 | | | | — | | | | (519,835 | ) | | | 1,280,271 | |
Exercises of common stock options | | | 1,833,369 | | | | 18 | | | | 43,435 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 43,453 | |
Exercises of warrants | | | 138,794 | | | | 1 | | | | 3,035 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,036 | |
Compensation expenses for common stock options | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,109 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,109 | |
Net officers’ notes receivable payments | | | — | | | | — | | | | 101 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 101 | |
Deferred compensation, restricted stock, and amortization net of forfeitures | | | 295,544 | | | | 3 | | | | 5,278 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,281 | |
Net unrealized loss on mortgage-backed securities available for sale | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (16,733 | ) | | | — | | | | (16,733 | ) | | | — | | | | (16,733 | ) |
Net unrealized gain on derivatives used in cash flow hedges | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 21,880 | | | | — | | | | 21,880 | | | | — | | | | 21,880 | |
Purchases of common stock | | | (16,420 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (582 | ) | | | (582 | ) |
Cash dividends | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (98,503 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (98,503 | ) |
Net earnings, retrospectively adjusted | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 293,128 | | | | 293,128 | | | | — | | | | 293,128 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 298,275 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005, retrospectively adjusted | | | 64,246,767 | | | | 934 | | | | 1,318,751 | | | | (15,157 | ) | | | 759,330 | | | | — | | | | (520,417 | ) | | | 1,543,441 | |
Cumulative-effect adjustment due to change in accounting for MSRs | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,624 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,624 | |
Issuance of common stock | | | 3,532,360 | | | | 35 | | | | 148,435 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 148,470 | |
Exercises of common stock options | | | 857,489 | | | | 9 | | | | 23,486 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 23,495 | |
Exercises of warrants | | | 3,957,000 | | | | 40 | | | | 86,883 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 86,923 | |
Compensation expenses for common stock options | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,630 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,630 | |
Net officers’ notes receivable payments | | | — | | | | — | | | | 109 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 109 | |
Deferred compensation, restricted stock, and amortization net of forfeitures | | | 475,468 | | | | 5 | | | | 10,520 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,525 | |
Net unrealized gain on mortgage-backed securities available for sale | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,921 | | | | — | | | | 5,921 | | | | — | | | | 5,921 | |
Net unrealized loss on derivatives used in cash flow hedges | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (16,035 | ) | | | — | | | | (16,035 | ) | | | — | | | | (16,035 | ) |
Purchases of common stock | | | (51,728 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,061 | ) | | | (2,061 | ) |
Cash dividends | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (129,535 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (129,535 | ) |
Net earnings | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 342,929 | | | | 342,929 | | | | — | | | | 342,929 | |
Adjustment on initial application of SFAS 158, net of tax | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (6,168 | ) | | | — | | | | (6,168 | ) | | | — | | | | (6,168 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 326,647 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | | | 73,017,356 | | | $ | 1,023 | | | $ | 1,597,814 | | | $ | (31,439 | ) | | $ | 983,348 | | | | | | | $ | (522,478 | ) | | $ | 2,028,268 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-6
INDYMAC BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net earnings | | $ | 342,929 | | | $ | 293,128 | | | $ | 162,065 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash used in operating activities: Gain on sale of loans | | | (668,054 | ) | | | (592,175 | ) | | | (363,813 | ) |
Compensation expenses related to stock options and restricted stocks | | | 20,155 | | | | 17,389 | | | | 16,811 | |
Other amortization and depreciation | | | 93,515 | | | | 59,393 | | | | 75,954 | |
Change in valuation of mortgage servicing rights, including amortization | | | 367,234 | | | | 269,586 | | | | 187,157 | |
(Gain) loss on mortgage-backed securities, net | | | (20,482 | ) | | | (17,866 | ) | | | 23,804 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 19,993 | | | | 9,978 | | | | 8,170 | |
Net increase in deferred tax liability | | | 245,115 | | | | 166,369 | | | | 57,333 | |
Net decrease in other assets and liabilities | | | 90,012 | | | | 17,110 | | | | 282,048 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities before activity for trading securities and loans held for sale | | | 490,417 | | | | 222,912 | | | | 449,529 | |
Net sales of trading securities | | | 360,547 | | | | 109,721 | | | | 100,687 | |
Net purchases and originations of loans held for sale | | | (8,253,670 | ) | | | (4,909,424 | ) | | | (5,677,096 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (7,402,706 | ) | | | (4,576,791 | ) | | | (5,126,880 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net sales of and payments from loans held for investment | | | 989,919 | | | | 1,109,017 | | | | 2,655,524 | |
Purchases of mortgage-backed securities available for sale | | | (1,170,559 | ) | | | (819,997 | ) | | | (1,713,431 | ) |
Proceeds from sales of and principal payments from mortgage-backed securities available for sale | | | 997,623 | | | | 822,748 | | | | 1,502,294 | |
Net increase in investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost | | | (205,792 | ) | | | (165,546 | ) | | | (77,432 | ) |
Net decrease (increase) in real estate investment | | | 10,780 | | | | (32,260 | ) | | | (1,600 | ) |
Net purchases of property, plant and equipment | | | (99,947 | ) | | | (109,076 | ) | | | (59,140 | ) |
Purchase of Financial Freedom, net of cash received | | | (40,000 | ) | | | — | | | | (82,152 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by investing activities | | | 482,024 | | | | 804,886 | | | | 2,224,063 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase in deposits | | | 3,222,155 | | | | 1,925,557 | | | | 1,392,706 | |
Net increase in advances from Federal Home Loan Bank | | | 3,459,800 | | | | 791,000 | | | | 1,227,000 | |
Net increase in borrowings | | | 69,797 | | | | 1,104,208 | | | | 430,114 | |
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | | | 148,470 | | | | — | | | | 100,171 | |
Net proceeds from issuance of trust preferred securities | | | 188,000 | | | | 90,000 | | | | 30,000 | |
Redemption of trust preferred securities | | | (47,271 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Net proceeds from stock options, warrants, and notes receivable | | | 110,527 | | | | 46,591 | | | | 36,509 | |
Cash dividends paid | | | (129,535 | ) | | | (98,501 | ) | | | (72,414 | ) |
Purchases of common stock | | | (2,061 | ) | | | (582 | ) | | | (597 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 7,019,882 | | | | 3,858,273 | | | | 3,143,489 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 99,200 | | | | 86,368 | | | | 240,672 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | | | 442,525 | | | | 356,157 | | | | 115,485 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | | $ | 541,725 | | | $ | 442,525 | | | $ | 356,157 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental cash flow information: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid for interest | | $ | 1,168,615 | | | $ | 600,683 | | | $ | 329,746 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash (received) paid for income taxes | | $ | (56,258 | ) | | $ | 70,312 | | | $ | 35,865 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net transfer of loans held for sale to loans held for investment | | $ | 2,951,131 | | | $ | 2,691,949 | | | $ | 2,897,097 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Recharacterization of loans to mortgage-backed securities available for sale | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,419,400 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net transfer of mortgage servicing rights to trading securities | | $ | 4,723 | | | $ | 8,491 | | | $ | 5,362 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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INDYMAC BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Financial Statement Presentation
IndyMac Bancorp, Inc. is a savings and loan holding company. References to “Indymac Bancorp” or the “Parent Company” refer to the parent company alone while references to “Indymac,” the “Company,” “we” or “us” refer to Indymac Bancorp and its consolidated subsidiaries.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Indymac Bancorp and all of its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries, including IndyMac Bank, F.S.B. (“Indymac Bank” or “Bank”) and variable interest entities. All significant intercompany balances and transactions with Indymac’s consolidating subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. Minority interests in Indymac’s majority-owned subsidiaries or variable interest entities are included in “other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets and the minority interests on Indymac’s earnings are reported separately.
The consolidated financial statements of Indymac are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. In accordance with banking regulatory reporting guidance issued in the first quarter of 2006, the Company reclassified prepayment penalty fees and late fees from fee and other income to interest income. Such fees were not significant in 2004. As such only 2005 results have been revised to conform to the current presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates include the allowance for loan losses, secondary market reserves and the valuation of our hedging instruments, mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), AAA-rated interest-only securities, non-investment grade securities and residuals for which active markets do not exist. Actual results may differ significantly from those estimates and assumptions.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement No. 123 (revised 2004),“Share-Based Payment”(“SFAS 123(R)”), which requires the cost resulting from stock options be measured at fair value and recognized in earnings. This Statement replaces Statement No. 123,“Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”(“SFAS 123”) and supersedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,“Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,”(“APB 25”) which permitted the recognition of compensation expense using the intrinsic value method. The Company adopted SFAS 123(R) on January 1, 2006 using the modified-retrospective method. See Note 24 — Benefit Plans for further details on stock incentive plans.
The following table summarizes net earnings as well as dilutive earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (In thousands, except per share data) | |
|
Reported net earnings | | $ | 300,226 | | | $ | 170,522 | |
Retrospective application of SFAS 123(R) | | | 7,098 | | | | 8,457 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Adjusted net earnings | | $ | 293,128 | | | $ | 162,065 | |
Adjusted average dilutive shares | | | 66,115 | | | | 62,010 | |
Reported dilutive earnings per share | | $ | 4.54 | | | $ | 2.74 | |
Adjusted dilutive earnings per share | | $ | 4.43 | | | $ | 2.61 | |
In February 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments” (“SFAS 155”), which amends FASB Statements No. 133 and 140. This Statement permits fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument containing an embedded derivative that would otherwise require
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bifurcation and broadens a Qualified Special Purpose Entity’s (“QSPE”) permitted holdings to include passive derivative financial instruments that pertain to other derivative financial instruments. This Statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired, issued or subject to a remeasurement event occurring after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year beginning after September 15, 2006. The Company will adopt this Statement on January 1, 2007 and it is not anticipated the adoption of this Statement will have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and results.
In March 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities” (“SFAS 156”), which requires that all separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities be initially measured at fair value, if practicable and permits the entities to elect either fair value measurement with changes in fair value reflected in earnings or the amortization and impairment requirements of SFAS 140 for subsequent measurement. The subsequent measurement of separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities at fair value eliminates the necessity for entities that manage the risks inherent in servicing assets and servicing liabilities with derivatives to qualify for hedge accounting treatment and eliminates the characterization of declines in fair value as impairments or direct write-downs. The Statement is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year beginning after September 15, 2006, with earlier adoption permitted. The Company adopted SFAS 156 prospectively on January 1, 2006 and elected to apply fair value method for all classes of its separately recognized mortgage servicing rights with changes in fair value reflected in the service fee income on the statement of earnings. The difference between the fair value and the carrying amount, net of any related valuation allowance, of $17.6 million ($10.6 million after-tax) on MSRs, on January 1, 2006 was recorded as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2006.
In April 2006, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FIN 46(R)-6,“Determining the Variability to Be Considered in Applying FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)”(“FIN 46(R)-6”). FIN 46(R)-6 addresses how variability should be considered when applying FIN 46(R). Variability affects the determination of whether an entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”), which interests are variable interests, and which party, if any, is the primary beneficiary of the VIE required to consolidate. FIN 46(R)-6 clarifies that the design of the entity also should be considered when identifying which interests are variable interests. The Company adopted the guidance in FIN 46(R)-6 prospectively on July 1, 2006, and this adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and results.
In June 2006, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached final conclusions on Issue06-2,“Accounting for Sabbatical Leave and Other Similar Benefits,”pursuant to FASB Statement No. 43,“Accounting for Compensated Absences”(“EITF06-2”). EITF06-2 requires that an employee’s right to a compensated absence under a sabbatical or similar benefit arrangement does accumulate pursuant to Statement No. 43 and, therefore, a liability for the benefit should be accrued over the period required for the employee to earn the right to the time off under the arrangement. This Statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. Consistent with Statement No. 154,“Accounting Changes and Error Corrections,”the effect of adoption should be recognized as either (a) a change in accounting principle through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings or (b) a change in accounting principle through retrospective application to all prior periods. The Company will adopt this Statement on January 1, 2007, and the adoption of this Statement will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and results.
In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation 48,“Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”(“FIN 48”), an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109,“Accounting for Income Taxes.”FIN 48 clarifies the accounting and reporting for income taxes where interpretation of the law is uncertain. FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of income tax uncertainties with respect to positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company will adopt this Statement on January 1, 2007. The cumulative effect of adopting FIN 48 will be recorded in retained earnings if the uncertain tax position meets the recognition threshold. It is not anticipated the adoption of FIN 48 will have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and results.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157,“Fair Value Measurements”(“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 addresses how companies should measure fair value when they are required to use a fair value measure for
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recognition or disclosure purposes under GAAP. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of this Statement.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 158,“Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans”, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R)(“SFAS 158”). SFAS 158 requires (a) recognition of the funded status (measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation) of a benefit plan as an asset or liability in the employer’s statement of financial position, (b) measurement of the funded status as of the employer’s fiscal year-end with limited exceptions, and (c) recognition of changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. The requirement to recognize the funded status of a benefit plan and the disclosure requirements are effective as of the end of the fiscal year ending after December 15, 2006. The requirement to measure the plan assets and benefit obligations as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year-end statement of financial position is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008. The Company adopted this Statement on December 31, 2006, and as a result, recorded in its consolidated balance sheet an increase in pension and other postretirement liability of $10.1 million, deferred taxes of $3.9 million and accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) of $6.2 million. See Note 24 — Benefit Plans for further details.
In September 2006, the Securities Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (“SAB 108”). SAB 108 addresses how the effects of prior year uncorrected misstatements should be considered when quantifying misstatements in current year financial statements. SAB 108 requires companies to quantify misstatements using a balance sheet and income statement approach and to evaluate whether either approach results in quantifying an error that is material in light of relevant quantitative and qualitative factors. When the effect of initial adoption is material, companies will record the effect as a cumulative effect adjustment to beginning of year retained earnings and disclose the nature and amount of each individual error being corrected in the cumulative adjustment. SAB 108 is effective for the year ended December 31, 2006. The adoption of SAB 108 did not have a material effect on the Company’s previously reported financial statements of the financial statements for the period of adoption.
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159,“The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 would allow the Company a one-time irrevocable election to measure certain financial assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value and report the unrealized gains and losses on the elected items in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The fair value option may be applied instrument by instrument, with a few exceptions, and is applied only to entire instruments and not to portions of instruments. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating this Statement and has not yet determined the financial assets and liabilities for which the fair value option would be elected or the potential impact on the consolidated financial statements, if such election were made.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include non-restricted cash on deposit and overnight investments.
Mortgage-Backed and Agency Notes
MBS and agency notes consist of AAA-rated senior securities, investment and non-investment grade securities, AAA-rated interest-only and principal-only securities, prepayment penalty securities, residual securities, and agency notes. AAA-rated interest-only securities, prepayment penalty securities, and residual securities, as well as the securities that the Company considers as hedges of its AAA-rated interest-only securities, residual securities and MSRs, are carried as trading securities. All other MBS are classified as available for sale, including HELOC residual securities created in two separate securitization transactions through which HELOC loans were recharacterized as securities available for sale. All securities are carried at fair value, which is estimated based on market quotes, when available, or on discounted cash flow techniques using assumptions for prepayment rates, market yield requirements and credit losses when market quotes are not available. We estimate future prepayment rates based upon current and expected future interest rate levels, collateral seasoning and market forecasts, as well as relevant characteristics of the collateral underlying the assets, such as loan types, prepayment penalties, interest rates and recent prepayment experience. These assumptions are estimates as of a specific point in time and will
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change as interest rates or economic conditions change. Premiums or discounts on securities available for sale are amortized or accreted into income using the effective interest method.
Securities classified as trading are carried at fair value with changes in fair value being recorded through current earnings. Accordingly, the hedge accounting provisions of SFAS 133 are not required. Unrealized gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments on investment and MBS available for sale are excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of OCI, net of taxes, in shareholders’ equity. If we determine a decline in fair value of an available for sale security is other than temporary, an impairment write down is recognized in current earnings. Realized gains and losses are calculated using the specific identification method.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans held for sale consist primarily of residential mortgage loans, which are secured byone-to-four family residential real estate located throughout the United States. We originate and purchase mortgage loans generally with the intent to sell them in the secondary market. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of aggregate cost, net of purchase discounts or premiums, deferred fees, deferred origination costs and effects of hedge accounting, or fair value. We determine the fair value of loans held for sale using current secondary market prices for loans with similar coupons, maturities and credit quality. The Company adopted SAB 105 on April 1, 2004. The Company no longer recognizes any revenue at the inception of a rate lock commitment, and thus excludes the day one value on rate lock commitments from the fair value of loans held for sale. Initial value inherent in the rate lock commitments at origination is recognized at the time of the sale of the underlying loans.
The fair value of mortgage loans is subject to change primarily due to changes in market interest rates. Under our risk management policy, we hedge the changes in fair value of our loans held for sale primarily by selling forward contracts on agency securities. We formally designate and document certain of these hedging relationships as fair value hedges and record the changes in the fair value of hedged loans held for sale as an adjustment to the carrying basis of the loan through gain on sale of loans in current earnings. We record the related hedging instruments at fair value with changes in fair value being recorded also in gain on sale of loans in current earnings. The non-designated pipeline hedges are recorded at fair value in gain on sale of loans in current earnings.
As part of our mortgage banking operations, we enter into commitments to purchase or originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loans is determined prior to funding (“rate lock commitments”). We report rate lock commitments on loans we intend to sell as derivatives as defined in SFAS 133 and determine the fair value of rate lock commitments using current secondary market prices for underlying loans with similar coupons, maturity and credit quality, subject to the anticipated loan funding probability, or fallout factor. Similar to loans held for sale, the fair value of rate lock commitments is subject to change primarily due to changes in interest rates. In addition, the value of rate lock commitments is affected by changes in the anticipated loan funding probability or fallout factor. Under our risk management policy, we hedge these changes in fair value primarily by selling forward contracts on agency securities. Both the rate lock commitments and the related hedging instruments are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value being recorded in current earnings in gain on sale of loans.
Our recognition of gain or loss on the sale of loans is accounted for in accordance with SFAS 140,“Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,”(“SFAS 140”). SFAS 140 requires that a transfer of financial assets in which we surrender control over the assets be accounted for as a sale to the extent that consideration other than beneficial interests in the transferred assets is received in exchange. The carrying value of the assets sold is allocated between the assets sold and the retained interests based on their relative fair values.
SFAS 140 requires, for certain transactions completed after the initial adoption date, a “true sale” analysis of the treatment of the transfer under state law as if the Company was a debtor under the bankruptcy code. A “true sale” legal analysis includes several legally relevant factors, such as the nature and level of recourse to the transferor and the nature of retained servicing rights. The analytical conclusion as to a “true sale” is never absolute and unconditional, but contains qualifications based on the inherent equitable powers of a bankruptcy court, as well as the unsettled state of the common law. Once the legal isolation test has been met under SFAS 140, other factors concerning the nature and extent of the transferor’s control over the transferred assets are taken into account in order to determine whether derecognition of assets is warranted, including whether the special-purpose entity (“SPE”) has complied with rules concerning qualifying special-purpose entities.
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The Company is not eligible to become a debtor under the bankruptcy code. Instead, the insolvency of the Company is generally governed by the relevant provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the FDIC’s regulations. However, the “true sale” legal analysis with respect to the Company is similar to the “true sale” analysis that would be done if the Company were subject to the bankruptcy code.
A legal opinion regarding legal isolation for each securitization has been obtained by the Company. The “true sale” opinion provides reasonable assurance the purchased assets would not be characterized as the property of the transferring Company’s receivership or conservatorship estate in the event of insolvency and also states the transferor would not be required to substantively consolidate the assets and liabilities of the purchaser SPE with those of the transferor upon such event.
The securitization process involves the sale of the loans to one of our wholly-owned bankruptcy remote special-purpose entities which then sells the loans to a separate, transaction-specific securitization trust in exchange for the considerations generated by the sale of the MBS issued by the securitization trust. The securitization trust issues and sells undivided interests to third-party investors that entitle the investors to specified cash flows generated from the securitized loans. These undivided interests are usually represented by certificates with varying interest rates, and are secured by the payments on the loans acquired by the trust, and commonly include senior and subordinated classes. The senior class securities are usually rated “AAA” by at least two of the major independent rating agencies and have priority over the subordinated classes in the receipt of payments. We have no obligation to provide credit support to either the third-party investors or the securitization trusts. Generally, neither third-party investors nor securitization trusts have recourse to our assets or us; and neither have the ability to require us to repurchase their securities other than through enforcement of the standard representations and warranties. We do make certain representations and warranties concerning the loans, such as lien status or mortgage insurance coverage, and if we are found to have breached a representation or warranty, we may be required to repurchase the loan from the securitization trust. We do not guarantee any securities issued by the securitization trusts. The securitization trusts represent “qualified special-purpose entities,” which meet the certain criteria of SFAS 140, and are therefore not consolidated for financial reporting purposes.
In addition to the cash we receive from the sale of MBS, we often retain certain interests in the securitization trust. These retained interests may include subordinated classes of securities, MSRs, AAA-rated interest-only securities, residual securities, cash reserve funds, securities associated with prepayment charges on the underlying mortgage loans, or an over collateralization account. Other than MSRs, AAA-rated interest-only securities, and securities associated with prepayment charges on the underlying mortgage loans, these retained interests are subordinated and serve as credit enhancement for the more senior securities issued by the securitization trust.AAA-rated interest-only securities, securities associated with prepayment charges on the underlying mortgage loans, and non-HELOC residual interests retained are included in securities classified as trading and other subordinated securities retained and HELOC residuals are included in MBS available for sale on the consolidated balance sheets.
We usually retain the servicing function for the securitized mortgage loans. As a servicer, we are entitled to receive a servicing fee equal to a specified percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the loans or a fixed dollar amount for our reverse mortgage servicing. We may also be entitled to receive additional servicing compensation, such as late payment fees or prepayment charges.
Transaction costs associated with the securitizations are recognized as a component of the gain or loss at the time of sale.
Loans Held for Investment
Loans are classified as held for investment based on management’s intent and ability to hold the loans for the foreseeable future. Loans held for investment are recorded at their unpaid principal balance, net of discounts and premiums, unamortized net deferred loan origination costs and fees and allowance for loan losses. Discounts, premiums, and net deferred loan origination costs and fees are amortized to income over the contractual life of the loan using the effective interest method.
Interest is recognized as revenue when earned according to the terms of the loans and when, in the opinion of management, it is collectible. Loans are evaluated for collectability and, if appropriate, interest accrual is discontinued and previously accrued interest is reversed.
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Allowance for Loan Losses
We maintain an allowance for loan losses on loans held for investment. Additions to the allowance are based on assessments of certain factors, including but not limited to, estimated probable losses on the loans, borrower credit quality, delinquency, prior loan loss experience and general economic conditions. Additions to the allowance are provided through a charge to earnings. Specific valuation allowances may be established for loans that are deemed impaired, if default by the borrower is deemed probable, and if the fair value of the loan or the collateral is estimated to be less than the gross carrying value of the loan. Actual losses on loans are recorded as a reduction to the allowance through charge-offs. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously charged off are credited to the allowance.
We classify loans as impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due, both principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when they are 90 days past due and charged off upon foreclosure. Large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, based on a loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Specific factors used in the impaired loan identification process include, but are not limited to, delinquency status,loan-to-value ratio, the condition of the underlying collateral, credit history, and debt coverage. For impaired loans on non-accrual status, cash receipts are applied, and interest income is recognized, on a cash basis. For all other impaired loans, cash receipts are applied to principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan and interest income is recognized on the accrual basis. Generally, a loan may be returned to accrual status when all delinquent principal and interest are brought current in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement and certain performance criteria have been met. The estimated loss upon liquidation on all other loans held for investment are charged off prior to or upon foreclosure.
Secondary Market Reserve
The Company maintains a secondary market reserve for losses that arise in connection with loans that we are required to repurchase from GSEs and whole loan sales. This reserve has two general components: reserves for repurchases arising from representation and warranty claims, and reserves for disputes with investors and vendors with respect to contractual obligations pertaining to mortgage operations. Reserve levels are a function of expected losses based on expected and actual pending claims and repurchase requests, historical experience, loan volume and loan sales distribution channels and the assessment of probability related to such claims. While the ultimate amount of repurchases and claims is uncertain, management believes that the reserve is adequate. We will continue to evaluate the adequacy of our reserve and may continue to allocate a portion of our gain on sale proceeds to the reserve going forward. Changes in the level of provision to this reserve impacts the overall gain on sale margin from quarter to quarter. The entire balance of our secondary market reserve is included on the consolidated balance sheets as a component of other liabilities.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
We retain MSRs in connection with our mortgage banking operations. Under primary servicing agreements, we collect monthly principal, interest and escrow payments from individual mortgagors and perform certain accounting and reporting functions on behalf of the mortgage investors. Under master servicing agreements, we collect monthly payments from varioussub-servicers and perform certain accounting and reporting functions on behalf of the mortgage investors.
We recognize MSRs as separate assets only when servicing is contractually separated from the underlying mortgage loans by sale or securitization of the loans with servicing retained or by separate purchase or assumption of the servicing. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 156 on January 1, 2006, the carrying value of mortgage loans sold or securitized was allocated between loans and mortgage servicing rights based upon the relative fair values of each and purchased MSRs are initially recorded at cost. All MSRs were subsequently carried at the lower of the initial carrying value, adjusted for amortization, or fair value. We designate fair value hedges on certain tranches of MSRs. The changes in the fair value of the designated MSRs, and the fair value of the designated hedges, were recorded through income, if the hedging relationships are proven to be effective under the provisions of SFAS 133. MSRs are
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amortized over the period of, and in proportion to, the estimated future net servicing income. Subsequent to the adoption of SFAS 156, all classes of MSRs are recorded at fair value.
Because a limited and illiquid market exists for MSRs, we determine the fair value of our MSRs using discounted cash flow techniques. Using models primarily purchased from third parties, we determine the fair value of recognized MSRs by estimating the present value of anticipated future net cash flows. Estimates of fair value involve several assumptions, including the key valuation assumptions about market expectations of future prepayment rates, interest rates and discount rates, which are subject to change over time. Changes in these underlying assumptions could cause the fair value of MSRs to change significantly in the future. For purposes of impairment evaluation and measurement, we stratify our MSRs based on predominant risk characteristics, underlying loan type, interest rate type, and interest rate level. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 156, to the extent that the carrying value of MSRs exceeds fair value by individual strata, a valuation reserve was recorded as a charge to service fee income in current earnings. Valuation reserves for each stratum are then adjusted in subsequent periods to reflect changes in the measurement of impairment. Subsequent to the adoption of SFAS 156, changes in fair values are reflected in the service fee income on the statement of earnings. Quarterly, we obtain third party opinions of value to test the reasonableness of our valuation models.
Derivative Instruments
In seeking to protect our financial assets and liabilities from the effects of changes in market interest rates, we have devised and implemented a comprehensive asset/liability management strategy that seeks, on an economic basis, to mitigate significant fluctuations in our financial position and results of operations. We invest in MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only and residual securities to generate core fee and interest income. The value of these instruments and the income they provide tends to be somewhat counter-cyclical to the changes in production volumes and gain on sale of loans that result from changes in interest rates. With regard to the pipeline of mortgage loans held for sale, in general, we hedge these assets with forward commitments to sell Fannie Mae (“FNMA”) or Freddie Mac (“FHLMC”) securities with comparable maturities and weighted average interest rates. Also, we use futures or options in our pipeline hedging. To hedge our investments in MSRs, AAA-rated and agency interest-only and residual securities, we use several strategies, including buyingand/or selling mortgage-backed or U.S. Treasury securities, forward rate agreements, futures, floors, swaps, or options, depending on several factors. Lastly, we enter into swap and swaption agreements to hedge the cash flows on advances or borrowings that are collateralized by our mortgage loans held for investment and mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”).
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133,“Accounting For Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,”as amended and interpreted (“SFAS 133”) requires that we recognize all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair value. If certain conditions are met, hedge accounting may be applied and the derivative instrument may be specifically designated as: (a) a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or unrecognized firm commitment, referred to as afair value hedge,or (b) a hedge of the exposure to the variability of cash flows of a recognized asset, liability or forecasted transaction, referred to as acash flow hedge.
In the case of a qualifying fair value hedge, changes in the value of the derivative instruments that are highly effective (as defined in SFAS 133) are recognized in current earnings along with the change in value of the designated hedged item. In the case of a qualifying cash flow hedge, changes in the value of the derivative instruments that are highly effective are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (“OCI”), until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is recognized through earnings. Upon the occasional termination of a cash flow hedge, the remaining cost of that hedge is amortized over the remaining life of the hedged item in proportion to the change in the hedged forecasted transaction. We have derivatives in place to hedge the exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions through 2036. Derivatives that are non-designated hedges, as defined in SFAS 133, are adjusted to fair value through earnings. We formally document all qualifying hedge relationships, as well as our risk management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction. We are not a party to any foreign currency hedge relationships.
F-14
Foreclosed Assets
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans is initially recorded at fair value of the underlying property less estimated costs to sell through a charge to the allowance for loan losses or to the related valuation reserves for loans held for sale. Subsequent operating activity and declines in value are charged to earnings.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, representing the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, resulted from acquisitions we have made. Core deposit intangible asset is amortized using an accelerated method of amortization over a period of ten years, which is the estimated life of the deposits acquired. Intangible assets from the acquisition of the remaining shares of Financial Freedom is amortized on a straight-line basis over a three-year period. Goodwill is not amortized, and we review our goodwill and other intangible assets forother-than-temporary impairment at least annually. If circumstances indicate thatother-than-temporary impairment might exist, recoverability of the asset is assessed based on expected undiscounted net cash flows.
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are included in other assets and are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to current earnings over their estimated service lives. Estimated service lives of furniture and equipment generally range from three to seven years and 20 to 40 years for buildings. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the life of the lease or the service lives of the improvements.
Software Development
We capitalize external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use computer software and direct salary and benefit costs relating to the respective employees’ time spent on the software project during the application development stage. The estimated service lives for capitalized software generally range from three to seven years.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are computed using the liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are provided for differences between the financial accounting and income tax basis of our assets and liabilities.
Stock-Based Compensation
Our stock-based compensation is provided to employees in accordance with the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, and the 2002 Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, which allow for the grant of various types of awards (the “Awards”) including, but not limited to, non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock awards, performance stock awards, and stock bonuses to our employees, including officers and directors. Awards are granted at the average market price of our stock on the grant date.
The Company adopted SFAS 123(R) on January 1, 2006, which requires the recognition of compensation expenses related to stock options, and revised all prior periods in accordance with SFAS 123(R) at the time of adoption. When revising prior periods under the modified-retrospective transition method, the compensation cost recognized in prior periods approximated the amount previously reported in the pro forma disclosures. See New Accounting Pronouncements in Note 1 and Note 24 — Benefit Plans for further details.
NOTE 2 — BUSINESS COMBINATION
On July 16, 2004, the Company acquired 93.75% of the outstanding common stock of Financial Freedom Holdings Inc. (“FFHI”) and related assets from Lehman Brothers Bank, F.S.B. and its affiliates for an aggregate cash purchase price of $84.6 million. In November 2004, FFHI merged into its wholly owned subsidiary, Financial Freedom Senior Funding Corporation (“FFSFC”) in November 2004, with FFSFC as the surviving entity. The Company owned 93.75% of the outstanding common stock of FFSFC, with the remaining 6.25% ownership held by its chief executive officer (FFHI and FFSFC are referred to collectively as Financial Freedom herein). The
F-15
transaction was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and resulted in $48.4 million recorded as goodwill. On July 3, 2006, the Company acquired the remaining 6.25% of the outstanding common stock of Financial Freedom from James Mahoney, CEO of Financial Freedom, for an aggregate cash purchase price of $40.0 million. Goodwill and other intangibles recorded from the purchase were $29.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively. As a result of this transaction, Financial Freedom is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Indymac Bank.
Pro forma results of operations reflecting the acquisition of Financial Freedom has not been presented because the results of operations of Financial Freedom are not material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations.
NOTE 3 — SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company operates through two primary segments: mortgage banking and thrift. The profitability of each operating channel is measured on a fully-leveraged basis after allocating capital based on regulatory capital rules. The Company uses a fund transfer pricing (“FTP”) system to allocate interest expense to the operating channels. Each operating channel is allocated funding with maturities and interest rates matched with the expected lives and repricing frequencies of the channel’s assets. The difference between these allocations and the Company’s actual net interest income and capital levels resulting from centralized management of funding costs is reported in the Treasury unit and Corporate Overhead, respectively, which are included in the “Other” column in the tables below.
Effective January 1, 2005, the gain on sale allocation was modified from funding-based to settlement-based. Previously, the mortgage banking production divisions were credited with gain on sale at production based on the actual amount realized for those loans sold and settled in the period plus an estimate of gain on loans produced but not yet sold. Differences between the gain on sale credited to the production divisions and the consolidated gain on sale due to timing of loan sales were eliminated in consolidation and reported in the “Other” column in the tables below. The mortgage production divisions are now credited with gain on sale of loans based on the actual amount realized for loans sold in the period for that division. Elimination of a funding allocation at the consolidated level is no longer necessary. We have revised all prior period data to conform to the current allocation methodology.
Loans are occasionally transferred (“sold”) from the production divisions to the thrift divisions at a premium based on the estimated fair value. The premium paid for the loans is recorded as a gain in the production divisions and a premium on the asset in the thrift divisions and eliminated in consolidation. In subsequent periods, this premium is amortized as part of the thrift divisions’ net interest margin and the amortization is reversed in the “Other” column in the tables below.
The Company hedges the MSRs to protect their economic value. The results in the business segment reflect the economic fair value of the MSRs. The economic fair value may vary from the GAAP value due to the lower of cost or market limitations of GAAP for years 2005 and 2004. Differences between the economic value and the GAAP value are eliminated in consolidation and included in the “Other” column in the tables below.
Mortgage banking overhead, elimination and other, and corporate overhead costs such as corporate salaries and related expenses, excess capital, and non-recurring corporate items are not allocated to the operating channels and are included in the “Other” column in the tables below.
F-16
Segment information for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Mortgage Banking | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Production
| | | MSRs and
| | | | | | | | | Total
| |
| | Divisions | | | Retained Assets | | | Thrift | | | Other | | | Company | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 170,786 | | | $ | 60,497 | | | $ | 259,052 | | | $ | 36,386 | | | $ | 526,721 | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 831,788 | | | | 205,074 | | | | 330,795 | | | | (20,954 | ) | | | 1,346,703 | |
Net earnings (loss) | | | 289,675 | | | | 91,246 | | | | 137,721 | | | | (175,713 | ) | | | 342,929 | |
Allocated average capital | | | 552,835 | | | | 370,451 | | | | 675,467 | | | | 197,507 | | | | 1,796,260 | |
Assets as of December 31, 2006 | | $ | 8,573,306 | | | $ | 3,322,947 | | | $ | 16,593,628 | | | $ | 1,005,435 | | | $ | 29,495,316 | |
Return on equity | | | 52 | % | | | 25 | % | | | 20 | % | | | N/A | | | | 19 | % |
2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 117,693 | | | $ | 45,160 | | | $ | 230,394 | | | $ | 31,464 | | | $ | 424,711 | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 724,240 | | | | 107,246 | | | | 306,759 | | | | (32,535 | ) | | | 1,105,710 | |
Net earnings (loss) | | | 268,085 | | | | 43,913 | | | | 134,938 | | | | (153,808 | ) | | | 293,128 | |
Allocated average capital | | | 364,125 | | | | 193,959 | | | | 524,791 | | | | 297,992 | | | | 1,380,867 | |
Assets as of December 31, 2005 | | $ | 5,104,754 | | | $ | 1,740,639 | | | $ | 13,217,215 | | | $ | 1,389,691 | | | $ | 21,452,299 | |
Return on equity | | | 74 | % | | | 23 | % | | | 26 | % | | | N/A | | | | 21 | % |
2004 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 128,942 | | | $ | 59,129 | | | $ | 213,795 | | | $ | 3,196 | | | $ | 405,062 | |
Net revenues (expense) | | | 527,190 | | | | 25,391 | | | | 286,767 | | | | (87,830 | ) | | | 751,518 | |
Net earnings (loss) | | | 185,651 | | | | 2,286 | | | | 135,228 | | | | (161,100 | ) | | | 162,065 | |
Allocated average capital | | | 243,515 | | | | 173,218 | | | | 439,295 | | | | 310,799 | | | | 1,166,827 | |
Assets as of December 31, 2004 | | $ | 4,416,606 | | | $ | 1,572,184 | | | $ | 9,751,579 | | | $ | 1,085,275 | | | $ | 16,825,644 | |
Return on equity | | | 76 | % | | | 1 | % | | | 31 | % | | | N/A | | | | 14 | % |
F-17
NOTE 4 — MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES AND AGENCY NOTES
As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, our MBS and agency notes were comprised of the following:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Mortgage-backed securities — trading | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated non-agency securities | | $ | 43,957 | | | $ | 52,633 | |
AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities | | | 73,570 | | | | 78,731 | |
AAA-rated principal-only securities | | | 38,478 | | | | 9,483 | |
Prepayment penalty securities | | | 97,576 | | | | 75,741 | |
Other investment grade securities | | | 29,015 | | | | 8,830 | |
Other non-investment grade securities | | | 41,390 | | | | 4,480 | |
Non-investment grade residual securities | | | 218,745 | | | | 119,064 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total mortgage-backed securities — trading | | $ | 542,731 | | | $ | 348,962 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Mortgage-backed securities — available for sale | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated non-agency securities | | $ | 4,604,489 | | | $ | 3,524,952 | |
AAA-rated agency securities | | | 65,175 | | | | 43,014 | |
Other investment grade securities | | | 160,238 | | | | 83,290 | |
Other non-investment grade securities | | | 38,784 | | | | 53,232 | |
Non-investment grade residual securities | | | 31,828 | | | | 48,707 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total mortgage-backed securities — available for sale | | $ | 4,900,514 | | | $ | 3,753,195 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Contractual maturities of the MBS and agency notes generally range from 10 to 30 years. Expected weighted average lives of these securities generally range from several months to five years due to borrower prepayments occurring prior to the contractual maturity.
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and estimated fair value of mortgage-backed securities classified as available for sale:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Amortized cost | | $ | 4,930,825 | | | $ | 3,793,494 | |
Gross unrealized holding gains | | | 13,675 | | | | 5,382 | |
Gross unrealized holding losses | | | (43,986 | ) | | | (45,681 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Estimated fair value | | $ | 4,900,514 | | | $ | 3,753,195 | |
| | | | | | | | |
F-18
The unrealized losses and fair value of securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less Than 12 Months | | | 12 Months or Greater | | | Total | |
| | Unrealized
| | | | | | Unrealized
| | | | | | Unrealized
| | | | |
| | Losses | | | Fair Value | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
As of December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities — available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated agency securities | | $ | (585 | ) | | $ | 31,865 | | | $ | (172 | ) | | $ | 16,498 | | | $ | (757 | ) | | $ | 48,363 | |
AAA-rated non-agency securities | | | (1,482 | ) | | | 460,767 | | | | (39,315 | ) | | | 1,649,480 | | | | (40,797 | ) | | | 2,110,247 | |
Other investment grade securities | | | (477 | ) | | | 13,369 | | | | (1,891 | ) | | | 25,998 | | | | (2,368 | ) | | | 39,367 | |
Other non-investment grade securities | | | (64 | ) | | | 4,563 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (64 | ) | | | 4,563 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Securities — available for sale | | $ | (2,608 | ) | | $ | 510,564 | | | $ | (41,378 | ) | | $ | 1,691,976 | | | $ | (43,986 | ) | | $ | 2,202,540 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities — available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated agency securities | | $ | (300 | ) | | $ | 37,742 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (300 | ) | | $ | 37,742 | |
AAA-rated non-agency securities | | | (10,933 | ) | | | 1,150,440 | | | | (33,235 | ) | | | 1,098,490 | | | | (44,168 | ) | | | 2,248,930 | |
Other investment grade securities | | | (994 | ) | | | 28,619 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (994 | ) | | | 28,619 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Securities — available for sale | | $ | (12,227 | ) | | $ | 1,216,801 | | | $ | (33,235 | ) | | $ | 1,098,490 | | | $ | (45,462 | ) | | $ | 2,315,291 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2006, the securities that have been in unrealized loss position for 12 months or more are primarily related to AAA-rated securities issued by private institutions. These unrealized losses are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and individually were 7% or less of their respective amortized cost basis. Because the Company has the ability and the intent to hold these investments until a recovery of fair value, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to beother-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2006.
As a result of our periodic reviews for impairment in accordance withEITF 99-20,“Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Certain Investments”(“EITF 99-20”), during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, we recorded $10.2 million, $0.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively, in impairment charges on investment grade, non-investment grade and residual securities.
We value AAA-rated interest-only securities using an option-adjusted spread (“OAS”) methodology, in which discount rates and future cash flows vary over time with the level of rates implied by each of 200 randomly-generated forward interest rate paths. When available, market information is used to validate these assumptions. The prepayment rates used to value our AAA-rated interest-only securities portfolio are based primarily on four-factor prepayment models which incorporate relative weighted average coupon (“WAC”), seasoning, burnout, and seasonality, as well as expectations of future rates implied by the forward LIBOR/swap curve. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the weighted average constant lifetime prepayment rate assumption was 16.4% and 20.3%, respectively, and the implied yield was 15.4% and 8.0%, respectively.
The fair value of our residual securities is determined by discounting estimated net future cash flows, using discount rates that approximate current market rates and expected prepayment rates. Estimated net future cash flows include assumptions related to expected credit losses on these securities. We maintain a model that evaluates the default rate and severity of loss on the residual securities’ collateral, considering such factors as loss experience, delinquencies,loan-to-value ratio, borrower credit scores and property type. The following table details the assumptions used in valuing the residual securities as of December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | Closed-End Seconds | | | Subprime | | | Lot | | | HELOC | | | Prime | | | Subprime | | | Lot | | | HELOC | |
|
Weighted average discount rate | | | 24.1 | % | | | 23.4 | % | | | 23.5 | % | | | 20.7 | % | | | 15.0 | % | | | 24.9 | % | | | 21.6 | % | | | 19.0 | % |
Projected prepayment rate | | | 37.1 | % | | | 39.5 | % | | | 39.8 | % | | | 50.3 | % | | | 46.3 | % | | | 37.1 | % | | | 43.1 | % | | | 44.0 | % |
Remaining cumulative losses | | | 8.1 | % | | | 5.9 | % | | | 0.6 | % | | | 1.1 | % | | | 1.3 | % | | | 4.8 | % | | | 0.5 | % | | | 0.8 | % |
F-19
There were no prime residual securities as of December 31, 2006 and no closed-end seconds residual securities as of December 31, 2005.
The fair value of all of our other investment and non-investment grade mortgage-backed securities is estimated based on discounted cash flow techniques using assumptions for prepayment rates, market yield requirements and credit losses, and market information when available.
As of December 31, 2006, the aggregate amount of the securities from each of the following five issuers was greater than 10% of the shareholders’ equity:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Amortized
| | | Fair Market
| |
Name of Issuer | | Cost | | | Value | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Residential Asset SecuritizationTrust Series 2006-A4IP | | $ | 358,794 | | | $ | 359,982 | |
Residential Asset SecuritizationTrust Series 2006-A16 | | | 264,723 | | | | 264,731 | |
Residential Asset SecuritizationTrust Series 2005-A15 | | | 216,146 | | | | 217,245 | |
IndyMac CertificateTrust 2004-1 | | | 258,594 | | | | 258,594 | |
IndyMac CertificateTrust 2004-2 | | | 441,729 | | | | 441,729 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,539,986 | | | $ | 1,542,281 | |
| | | | | | | | |
These issuers are qualifying special-purpose entities created by the Company in conjunction with the securitization transactions with the objective to recharacterize loans as securities for the purposes of: (1) lower our cost of funds; (2) improve our liquidity profile; and (3) improve our risk profile through the use of bond insurance. Of the total securities from these issuers, 97% of the securities are AAA-rated asset-backed certificates with approximately $0.7 billion insured by a third party.
NOTE 5 — LOANS RECEIVABLE
A summary of loans receivable follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Principal balance of loans held for sale | | $ | 9,331,112 | | | $ | 5,933,524 | |
Unamortized premiums and fees | | | 176,094 | | | | 95,428 | |
Hedge effects and other valuation adjustments | | | (39,363 | ) | | | (4,768 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total loans held for sale | | | 9,467,843 | | | | 6,024,184 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Principal balance of mortgage loans held for investment | | | 6,828,862 | | | | 5,645,741 | |
Unamortized premium and fees on mortgage loans held for investment | | | 89,306 | | | | 88,273 | |
Outstanding balances on other loans held for investment(1) | | | 3,259,532 | | | | 2,546,167 | |
Unamortized net deferred loan fees on other loans held for investment | | | (491 | ) | | | (1,812 | ) |
Allowance for loan losses | | | (62,386 | ) | | | (55,168 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total loans held for investment | | | 10,114,823 | | | | 8,223,201 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total loans receivable | | $ | 19,582,666 | | | $ | 14,247,385 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Includes construction and income property loans and revolving warehouse lines of credit. |
Substantially all of the mortgage loans that we acquired are non-conforming loans secured by first liens on single-family residential properties. Approximately 52% of the principal amount of single family mortgage loans held for investment at December 31, 2006 was collateralized by properties located in California.
F-20
Our impaired loans by collateral type, non-performing and past due loans are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Builder construction loans | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 11,546 | |
Consumer construction loans | | | 19,998 | | | | 9,249 | | | | 9,553 | |
Specific reserves | | | (343 | ) | | | (802 | ) | | | (3,622 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total impaired loans | | $ | 19,655 | | | $ | 8,447 | | | $ | 17,477 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average balance during the year | | $ | 13,632 | | | $ | 14,636 | | | $ | 21,188 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total non-accrual loans | | $ | 162,830 | | | $ | 64,209 | | | $ | 103,733 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans past due 90 days as to interest or principal and accruing interest | | $ | 185 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004, the amount of interest foregone on impaired construction loans was $0.8 million, $1.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively. No interest income was recognized on a cash basis on impaired construction loans for the year ended December 31, 2006. The amount of interest income recognized on a cash basis on impaired construction loans was $0.6 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
NOTE 6 — ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
Our determination of the level of the allowance for loan losses and, correspondingly, the provision for loan losses, is based upon management’s judgments and assumptions regarding various matters, including general economic conditions, loan portfolio composition, loan demand, delinquency trends, and prior loan loss experience. The allowance for loan losses of $62.4 million is considered adequate to cover probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio at December 31, 2006. However, no assurance can be given that we will not, in any particular period, sustain loan losses that exceed the allowance, or that subsequent evaluation of the loan portfolio, in light of then-prevailing factors, including economic conditions, credit quality of the assets comprising the portfolio and the ongoing examination process, will not require significant changes in the allowance for loan losses.
The table below summarizes the changes to the allowance for loan losses for the years ended:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 55,168 | | | $ | 52,891 | | | $ | 52,645 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 19,993 | | | | 9,978 | | | | 8,170 | |
Charge-offs, net of recoveries: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SFR mortgage loans | | | (7,324 | ) | | | (1,428 | ) | | | (3,060 | ) |
Land and other mortgage loans | | | — | | | | (168 | ) | | | — | |
Builder construction | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Consumer construction | | | (3,318 | ) | | | (2,127 | ) | | | (1,463 | ) |
Discontinued product lines(1) | | | (2,133 | ) | | | (3,978 | ) | | | (3,401 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Charge-offs, net of recoveries | | | (12,775 | ) | | | (7,701 | ) | | | (7,924 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 62,386 | | | $ | 55,168 | | | $ | 52,891 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Includes manufactured home loans and home improvement loans. |
F-21
NOTE 7 — MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
The assumptions used to value MSRs at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Valuation Assumptions | |
| | Actual | | | Remaining
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3-Month
| | | Weighted-
| | | Lifetime
| | | | |
| | | | | Collateral
| | | Gross
| | | Servicing
| | | Prepayment
| | | Average
| | | Prepayment
| | | Discount
| |
| | Book Value | | | Balance | | | WAC | | | Fee | | | Speed | | | Multiple | | | Speeds (CPR) | | | Yield | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
December 31, 2006 | | $ | 1,822,455 | | | $ | 139,816,763 | | | | 7.05 | % | | | 0.37 | % | | | 20.2 | % | | | 3.57 | | | | 25.8 | % | | | 8.8 | % |
December 31, 2005 | | $ | 1,094,490 | | | $ | 84,495,133 | | | | 6.19 | % | | | 0.37 | % | | | 21.7 | % | | | 3.54 | | | | 21.4 | % | | | 10.7 | % |
December 31, 2004 | | $ | 640,794 | | | $ | 50,218,965 | | | | 5.73 | % | | | 0.36 | % | | | 24.0 | % | | | 3.54 | | | | 20.8 | % | | | 10.3 | % |
The changes in MSRs are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 1,094,490 | | | $ | 640,794 | | | $ | 443,688 | |
Cumulative-effect adjustment due to change in accounting for MSRs | | | 17,561 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Additions from Financial Freedom acquisition | | | — | | | | — | | | | 41,003 | |
Additions from loan sale or securitization | | | 1,075,740 | | | | 701,178 | | | | 377,003 | |
Purchase or assumption | | | 8,658 | | | | 5,463 | | | | — | |
Transfers to other retained assets | | | (4,723 | ) | | | (8,491 | ) | | | (5,362 | ) |
Clean-up calls exercised | | | (274 | ) | | | (3,911 | ) | | | (18,754 | ) |
Change in fair value due to run-off | | | (376,718 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Change in fair value due to market changes | | | 24,180 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Change in fair value due to application of external benchmarking policies | | | (16,459 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Amortization | | | — | | | | (227,084 | ) | | | (146,491 | ) |
Valuation/impairment | | | — | | | | (13,459 | ) | | | (50,293 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 1,822,455 | | | $ | 1,094,490 | | | $ | 640,794 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
MSRs fair value as a percentage of unpaid principal balance (in bps) | | | 130 | | | | 130 | | | | 128 | |
Changes in the valuation allowance for impairment of MSRs are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | (127,818 | ) | | $ | (87,997 | ) | | $ | (59,529 | ) |
Remeasurement to fair value upon adoption of SFAS 156 | | | 127,818 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Provision for valuation | | | — | | | | (42,502 | ) | | | (40,666 | ) |
Clean-up calls exercised | | | — | | | | 2,681 | | | | 8,353 | |
Permanent impairment | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,845 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at end of period | | $ | — | | | $ | (127,818 | ) | | $ | (87,997 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
NOTE 8 — INVESTMENT IN FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK STOCK
The investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock consisted of capital stock, at cost, totaling $762.1 million and $556.3 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Total dividend income recognized was $32.1 million, $21.2 million and $13.9 million, respectively, in 2006, 2005 and 2004. We earned a yield of 5.37%, 4.44% and 4.04% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock is required to permit Indymac Bank to borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco.
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NOTE 9 — OTHER ASSETS
The major components of other assets follow:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Fixed assets and software development, net | | $ | 275,813 | | | $ | 239,590 | |
Hedging related deposits | | | 33,466 | | | | 43,375 | |
Accounts receivable | | | 102,597 | | | | 65,775 | |
Income tax receivable | | | 45,829 | | | | 66,223 | |
Derivative financial instruments at fair value | | | 316,197 | | | | 211,066 | |
Servicing related advances | | | 108,835 | | | | 54,944 | |
Investment in non-consolidated trusts | | | 16,960 | | | | 12,484 | |
Investment in real estate | | | 24,088 | | | | 36,750 | |
Other | | | 67,473 | | | | 57,965 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total other assets | | $ | 991,258 | | | $ | 788,172 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Software development and fixed assets included in other assets are detailed below:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Software development | | $ | 176,493 | | | $ | 130,422 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | (81,984 | ) | | | (52,360 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net software development | | | 94,509 | | | | 78,062 | |
Furniture and equipment | | | 170,380 | | | | 137,119 | |
Buildings and leasehold improvements | | | 121,493 | | | | 99,326 | |
Land | | | 11,544 | | | | 12,787 | |
Accumulated depreciation | | | (122,113 | ) | | | (87,704 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total fixed assets and software development, net | | $ | 275,813 | | | $ | 239,590 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The opening of mortgage banking regional offices as well as additional retail branches has contributed to the increase in data processing, furniture and equipment, and leasehold improvements.
Additionally, included in our other assets were $24.0 million investment in real estate projects. The amount represents our funding in the real estate projects as well as the mezzanine debt financing provided to the borrowers. The special purpose entities formed related to these real estate projects have been evaluated and determined to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) under the definition of FIN 46 and we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, and thus, required to consolidate the VIEs. The minority interests in the VIEs are reported on our consolidated balance sheet as other liabilities.
Hedging related deposits represent margin deposits with our clearing agent or counterparties associated with our hedge positions. For further information on our derivative financial instruments, see “Note 15 — Derivative Instruments.”
Depreciation and amortization expense was $63.7 million, $44.1 million and $36.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively.
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NOTE 10 — DEPOSITS
A summary of the carrying value of deposits, rates, and maturities of certificates of deposit follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | Amount | | | Rate | | | Amount | | | Rate | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Non interest-bearing checking | | $ | 72,081 | | | | 0.0 | % | | $ | 63,308 | | | | 0.0 | % |
Non interest-bearing checking — Loan servicing accounts | | | 616,904 | | | | 0.0 | % | | | 493,936 | | | | 0.0 | % |
Interest-bearing checking | | | 54,844 | | | | 1.2 | % | | | 55,479 | | | | 1.3 | % |
Savings | | | 1,915,333 | | | | 5.0 | % | | | 1,194,963 | | | | 3.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total core deposits | | | 2,659,162 | | | | 3.6 | % | | | 1,807,686 | | | | 2.4 | % |
Certificates of deposit, due: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Within one year | | | 7,970,763 | | | | 5.2 | % | | | 5,503,280 | | | | 4.0 | % |
One to two years | | | 147,519 | | | | 4.9 | % | | | 276,311 | | | | 4.2 | % |
Two to three years | | | 56,009 | | | | 4.8 | % | | | 39,794 | | | | 4.0 | % |
Three to four years | | | 25,879 | | | | 5.0 | % | | | 35,591 | | | | 4.3 | % |
Four to five years | | | 38,475 | | | | 5.2 | % | | | 8,982 | | | | 4.4 | % |
Over five years | | | 199 | | | | 5.1 | % | | | 280 | | | | 4.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total certificates of deposit | | | 8,238,844 | | | | 5.2 | % | | | 5,864,238 | | | | 4.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total deposits | | $ | 10,898,006 | | | | 4.8 | % | | $ | 7,671,924 | | | | 3.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The interest expense by deposit type for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Interest-bearing checking | | $ | 665 | | | $ | 603 | | | $ | 390 | |
Savings | | | 71,385 | | | | 37,561 | | | | 32,488 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 336,158 | | | | 157,364 | | | | 70,734 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense on deposits | | $ | 408,208 | | | $ | 195,528 | | | $ | 103,612 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
At December 31, 2006, accrued interest payable was $23,000, $202,000, and $3.6 million for interest-bearing checking, savings, and certificates of deposit, respectively. Accrued interest payable is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
The following summarizes certificates of deposit in amounts of $100,000 or more by remaining contractual maturity:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Three months or less | | $ | 2,407,796 | | | $ | 1,126,906 | |
Three to six months | | | 1,604,348 | | | | 1,033,109 | |
Six to twelve months | | | 848,732 | | | | 1,314,711 | |
Over twelve months | | | 127,884 | | | | 169,127 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total certificates of deposit ($100,000 or more) | | $ | 4,988,760 | | | $ | 3,643,853 | |
| | | | | | | | |
NOTE 11 — ADVANCES FROM THE FHLB
As a member of the FHLB, we maintain a credit line based largely on a percentage of total regulatory assets. Advances totaled $10.4 billion at December 31, 2006 and $7.0 billion at December 31, 2005, and are collateralized
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in the aggregate by loans, securities, all FHLB stock owned and by deposits with the FHLB. The maximum amount of credit that the FHLB will extend for purposes other than meeting withdrawals varies from time to time in accordance with its policies. The interest rates charged by the FHLB for advances typically vary depending upon maturity, the cost of funds of the FHLB, and the collateral for the borrowing.
Scheduled maturities of advances from the FHLB were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | Amount | | | Rate | | | Amount | | | Rate | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Within one year | | $ | 5,053,000 | | | | 5.2 | % | | $ | 5,127,000 | | | | 4.1 | % |
One to two years | | | 1,151,000 | | | | 4.8 | % | | | 731,000 | | | | 4.0 | % |
Two to three years | | | 1,491,000 | | | | 4.9 | % | | | 574,000 | | | | 4.2 | % |
Three to four years | | | 759,000 | | | | 4.8 | % | | | 145,000 | | | | 4.6 | % |
Four to five years | | | 1,789,800 | | | | 5.2 | % | | | 376,000 | | | | 4.6 | % |
Over five years | | | 169,000 | | | | 5.0 | % | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 10,412,800 | | | | 5.1 | % | | $ | 6,953,000 | | | | 4.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial data pertaining to advances from the FHLB were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Rate/Amount
| |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Weighted average coupon rate, end of year | | | 5.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % |
Weighted average rate during the year, including hedge effect | | | 4.7 | % | | | 3.3 | % |
Average balance of advances from FHLB | | $ | 10,560,896 | | | $ | 8,439,903 | |
Maximum amount of advances from FHLB at any month end | | $ | 12,688,800 | | | $ | 9,186,000 | |
Interest expense for the year | | $ | 491,300 | | | $ | 281,929 | |
Amount of advances subject to call/put options | | $ | 309,000 | | | $ | — | |
We had $5.2 billion and $4.5 billion of unused committed financing from the FHLB at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
NOTE 12 — OTHER BORROWINGS
Other borrowings of the Company consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Asset-backed commercial papers | | $ | 2,114,508 | | | $ | — | |
Loans and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 1,405,505 | | | $ | 3,057,262 | |
HELOC notes payable | | | 659,283 | | | | 998,289 | |
Trust preferred debentures | | | 456,695 | | | | 308,661 | |
Other notes payable | | | 1,009 | | | | 2,890 | |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | | | — | | | | 168 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 4,637,000 | | | $ | 4,367,270 | |
| | | | | | | | |
At December 31, 2006, we had $8.4 billion in committed financing facilities ($8.0 billion whole loan facilities, $300 million bond facilities and $100 million in unsecured revolving line of credit). Of these committed financing facilities, $2.2 billion was available for use, based on eligible collateral. Decisions by our lenders and investors to make additional funds available to us in the future will depend upon a number of factors. These include our compliance with the terms of existing credit arrangements, our financial performance, eligible collateral, changes in our credit rating, industry and market trends in our various businesses, the general availability and interest rates
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applicable to financing and investments, the lenders’and/or investors’ own resources and policies concerning loans and investments and the relative attractiveness of alternative investment or lending opportunities.
Asset-Backed Commercial Paper
In April 2006, we established the North Lake Capital Funding Program, a single seller asset-backed commercial paper facility, which allows us to directly issue, secured liquidity notes backed by mortgage loans. Both the collateral pledged and secured liquidity notes are recorded on our balance sheet as assets and liabilities, respectively. The secured liquidity notes have been rated F-1+ by Fitch Ratings,P-1 by Moody’s Investors Service andA-1+ by Standard & Poor’s, and are supported by credit enhancements, such as over collateralization, excess spread, and market value swaps provided by highly rated counterparties. We are authorized to issue up to $2.5 billion in short-term notes, with expected maturities not to exceed 180 days after issuance and final maturities of 60 days following the expected maturities. As of December 31, 2006, we had $1.1 billion in secured liquidity notes outstanding. The weighted average borrowing rate on the North Lake Capital funding facility was 5.6%.
In November 2006, we established a multi-seller Asset-Backed Commercial Paper facility, structured as a repurchase facility to provide up to $1.5 billion dedicated financing for our Construction to Permanent, Lot, and Reverse Mortgage loans. This is an annually renewable364-day committed facility administered by Citicorp North America, Inc. As of December 31, 2006, we had outstandings of $1.1 billion under this facility.
Loans and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
We sold, under agreements to repurchase, securities of the U.S. government and its agencies, specific loans and other approved investments to various broker-dealers pursuant to committed credit facilities totaling $4.3 billion ($4.0 billion whole loan facilities and $300 million bond facilities) at December 31, 2006. The amounts outstanding under these repurchase agreements were $1.4 billion at December 31, 2006, of which $947 million were draws on the committed credit facilities and approximately $460 million represented the uncommitted financing. The amount outstanding under loans and securities sold under agreements to repurchase was $3.1 billion at December 31, 2005. Our outstanding repurchase agreements have an average maturity of less than 30 days. These repurchase agreements generally reprice on anovernight-to-one-month basis for loans, and aone-to-three-month basis for securities, bearing interest at rates indexed to LIBOR or the federal funds rate, plus an applicable margin. We were in compliance with all material financial covenants under these repurchase agreements at December 31, 2006 and 2005. For the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, the weighted average borrowing rate on repurchase agreements, including the multi-seller asset-backed commercial paper facility with Citicorp, was 5.2% and 3.9%, respectively.
HELOC Notes Payable
During 2004, the Company financed $1.0 billion in HELOC loans through two separate securitization transactions. The securitization trusts issued AAA-rated asset-backed certificates, and the Company pledged the certificates to secure these nonrecourse notes payable. Interest rates on the notes are based on LIBOR plus a margin. For the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, the cost of funds on these notes was 5.42% and 3.65%, respectively.
Trust Preferred Securities and Warrants
On November 14, 2001, we completed an offering of Warrants and Income Redeemable Equity Securities (“WIRES”) to investors. Gross proceeds of the transaction were $175 million. The securities were offered as units consisting of trust preferred securities, issued by a trust formed by us, and warrants to purchase Indymac Bancorp’s common stock. As part of this transaction, Indymac Bancorp issued subordinated debentures to the trust and purchased common securities from the trust. The yield on the subordinated debentures and the common securities is the same as the yield on the trust preferred securities. Also, we issued 3,500,000 warrants, each convertible into 1.5972 shares of Indymac Bancorp’s common stock as part of the WIRES offering. Beginning on November 14, 2006, Indymac has the option to redeem the warrants for cash equal to the warrant value (the difference between $50 and the exercise price of the warrant), subject to the conditions in the prospectus. During 2006, a total of 2.5 million warrants were exercised at an average exercise price of $35.09 per share to purchase 4.0 million shares of Indymac
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Bancorp’s common stock. To date, total warrants of 2.6 million have been exercised and converted into a total of 4.1 million shares of Indymac Bancorp’s common stock. Subordinated debentures redeemed in conjunction with the warrant exercises totaled $64.5 million as of December 31, 2006.
In 2006, we issued an additional $188 million in pooled trust preferred securities. To date, we have issued $368 million trust preferred securities (without warrants attached) as summarized below:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Face Amount | | | Interest Rate | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
December 2006 | | $ | 20,000 | | | | 6.74 | % |
December 2006 | | | 40,000 | | | | 6.90 | % |
September 2006 | | | 38,000 | | | | 6.96 | % |
June 2006 | | | 90,000 | | | | 7.35 | % |
December 2005 | | | 90,000 | | | | 6.31 | % |
December 2004 | | | 30,000 | | | | 5.83 | % |
December 2003 | | | 30,000 | | | | 6.30 | % |
July 2003 | | | 30,000 | | | | 6.05 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 368,000 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Interest rates on these securities are fixed for terms ranging from 5 to 10 years, after which the rates reset quarterly indexed to3-month LIBOR. The securities can be called at the option of Indymac Bancorp five or ten years after issuance. In each of these transactions, Indymac Bancorp issued subordinated debentures to, and purchased common securities from, each of the trusts. The rates on the subordinated debentures and the common securities in each of these transactions matches the rates on the related trust preferred securities. The proceeds of these securities have been used in ongoing operations.
Upon the adoption of FIN 46, the trusts have been deconsolidated from the financial statements of the Company. Book values of the subordinated debentures underlying the trust preferred securities, which represent the liabilities due from Indymac Bancorp to the trusts, totaled $456.7 million and $308.7 million at December 31, 2006, and December 31, 2005, respectively. These subordinated debentures are included in Other Borrowings on the consolidated balance sheets.
Revolving Syndicated Bank Credit Facilities
In June 2005, a revolving unsecured syndicated bank facility in the aggregate amount of $75 million was executed between Indymac Bancorp and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., which was later increased to $100 million in June 2006. The interest rate is based on LIBOR plus an applicable margin. We did not draw on the line during 2006 and 2005 and thus, carried no outstanding balances at December 31, 2006 and 2005.
Other Notes Payable
The Company participates in certain real estate construction projects through the builder construction division. The special purpose entities formed related to these real estate projects have been evaluated and determined to be VIEs under the definition of FIN 46 and we are deemed as the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, and thus, required to consolidate the VIEs. At December 31, 2006, the $1.0 million represents the notes payable in the VIEs.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) are secured by a pledge of mortgage loans, MBS and residual cash flows from such securities. As required by the indentures relating to the CMOs, the pledged collateral is held in the custody of trustees. The trustees collect principal and interest payments on the underlying collateral, reinvest such amounts in the guaranteed investment contracts, and make corresponding principal and interest payments on the CMOs to the bondholders. All outstanding CMOs had been redeemed in February 2006. Our net equity investments in CMOs amounted to approximately $150,000 at December 31, 2005. The weighted average coupon on CMOs was 11.6% at December 31, 2005.
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Commitment Fees
At December 31, 2006 and 2005, we had deferred commitment fees totaling $3.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The amortization of $4.4 million and $3.2 million was recognized as interest expense in 2006 and 2005, respectively. We amortize these fees over the contractual life of the borrowings.
Pledged Borrowings
We pledged certain of our loans and securities for our borrowings, which mainly consist of advances from FHLB and loans and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. The following provides information related to such pledged assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
Loans pledged for FHLB | | $ | 8,747 | | | $ | 6,926 | |
Securities pledged for FHLB | | | 3,598 | | | | 1,425 | |
Loans pledged for repurchase agreements | | | 4,058 | | | | 3,280 | |
Securities pledged for repurchase agreements | | | 704 | | | | 1,327 | |
Loans pledged for other | | | 2,074 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total pledged | | $ | 19,181 | | | $ | 12,958 | |
| | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2006, pledged assets exceeded our borrowings by approximately $5.2 billion. The excess collateral was held by a trustee and pledged to our lenders. The following table details the amounts allocated among the various lenders:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
|
FHLB | | $ | 1,932 | | | $ | 1,398 | |
Merrill Lynch | | | 1,001 | | | | 924 | |
Morgan Stanley | | | 126 | | | | 258 | |
UBS Warburg | | | 513 | | | | 309 | |
Greenwich | | | 378 | | | | 21 | |
Citicorp | | | 266 | | | | — | |
Federal Reserve | | | 662 | | | | — | |
North Lake Funding | | | 350 | | | | — | |
Other | | | 21 | | | | 36 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total excess | | $ | 5,249 | | | $ | 2,946 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Debt Covenants
The Company is subject to various debt covenants as a condition of its borrowing facilities. As of December 31, 2006, in addition to the standard covenants of timely repayments of interest and principal, the key debt covenants include maintaining minimum well-capitalized capital ratios (5%, 6%, and 10% for core capital, Tier 1 risk-based and total risk-based capital, respectively) and minimum net worth of $1 billion for the Company. As of December 31, 2006, we believe we were in compliance with all material financial covenants under our borrowing facilities.
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NOTE 13 — PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Indymac Bancorp parent only financial information follows:
Condensed Balance Sheets
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Assets |
Cash | | $ | 153,839 | | | $ | 67,697 | |
Securities classified as trading | | | 1,556 | | | | 6,418 | |
Securities classified as available for sale | | | 57,037 | | | | 72,083 | |
Loans held for investment, net | | | 922 | | | | 2,016 | |
Investment in and advances to subsidiaries | | | 2,304,573 | | | | 1,753,143 | |
Intercompany receivables | | | — | | | | 1,676 | |
Investment in non-consolidated subsidiaries | | | 16,960 | | | | 12,484 | |
Other assets | | | 22,580 | | | | 23,453 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,557,467 | | | $ | 1,938,970 | |
| | | | | | | | |
|
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |
Trust preferred debentures | | $ | 458,218 | | | $ | 308,661 | |
Loans and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 55,106 | | | | 69,128 | |
Other liabilities | | | 14,749 | | | | 16,068 | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 2,029,394 | | | | 1,545,113 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 2,557,467 | | | $ | 1,938,970 | |
| | | | | | | | |
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Condensed Statements of Earnings
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Interest income | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities available for sale and trading | | $ | 5,357 | | | $ | 7,836 | | | $ | 6,033 | |
Loans | | | 196 | | | | 328 | | | | 543 | |
Other | | | 5,074 | | | | 2,611 | | | | 2,274 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest income | | | 10,627 | | | | 10,775 | | | | 8,850 | |
Interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trust preferred debentures | | | 26,652 | | | | 17,182 | | | | 15,319 | |
Other | | | 3,483 | | | | 4,032 | | | | 2,409 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest expense | | | 30,135 | | | | 21,214 | | | | 17,728 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest loss | | | (19,508 | ) | | | (10,439 | ) | | | (8,878 | ) |
Provision for loan losses | | | 25 | | | | (500 | ) | | | (1,476 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest loss after provision for loan losses | | | (19,533 | ) | | | (9,939 | ) | | | (7,402 | ) |
Other income | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | 360,393 | | | | 304,601 | | | | 177,551 | |
Net gain on securities | | | 3,591 | | | | 4,299 | | | | 3,972 | |
Other income, net | | | 85 | | | | 53 | | | | 20 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other income | | | 364,069 | | | | 308,953 | | | | 181,543 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues | | | 344,536 | | | | 299,014 | | | | 174,141 | |
Expenses | | | 13,461 | | | | 17,376 | | | | 13,771 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings before provision for income tax | | | 331,075 | | | | 281,638 | | | | 160,370 | |
Income tax benefit | | | (11,100 | ) | | | (8,867 | ) | | | (6,604 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net earnings | | $ | 342,175 | | | $ | 290,505 | | | $ | 166,974 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-30
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net earnings | | $ | 342,175 | | | $ | 290,505 | | | $ | 166,974 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash (used in) provided | | | | | | | | | | | | |
by operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and net amortization (accretion) | | | 608 | | | | (1,869 | ) | | | (277 | ) |
Compensation expenses related to stock options and restricted stock | | | 3,275 | | | | 10,067 | | | | 7,616 | |
Gain on mortgage-backed securities, net | | | (3,591 | ) | | | (4,299 | ) | | | (3,972 | ) |
Provision for loan losses | | | 25 | | | | (500 | ) | | | (1,476 | ) |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | (360,393 | ) | | | (304,601 | ) | | | (177,552 | ) |
Net purchases of trading securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | (18,961 | ) |
Payments from trading securities | | | 7,703 | | | | 19,332 | | | | 17,860 | |
Net decrease in other assets and liabilities | | | (9,440 | ) | | | 7,646 | | | | 3,192 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | | (19,638 | ) | | | 16,281 | | | | (6,596 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net decrease in loans held for investment | | | 1,059 | | | | 1,809 | | | | 3,908 | |
Net purchases of securities available for sale | | | (22,207 | ) | | | (21,196 | ) | | | (161,144 | ) |
Proceeds from sale of and net payments from available for sale securities | | | 39,474 | | | | 41,304 | | | | 73,962 | |
Cash dividends received from Indymac Bank | | | 178,132 | | | | 146,212 | | | | 38,518 | |
Decrease (increase) in investment in and advances to subsidiaries, net of cash payments | | | 7,228 | | | | 5,102 | | | | (8,496 | ) |
Capital contributions to Indymac Bank and other Bancorp subsidiaries | | | (354,127 | ) | | | (247,265 | ) | | | (120,000 | ) |
Net sale (purchases) of property, plant and equipment | | | 2,552 | | | | (25 | ) | | | (2,661 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (147,889 | ) | | | (74,059 | ) | | | (175,913 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of trust preferred debentures | | | 188,000 | | | | 90,000 | | | | 30,000 | |
Redemption of trust preferred securities | | | (47,271 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Net (decrease) increase in borrowings | | | (14,461 | ) | | | (17,118 | ) | | | 84,216 | |
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | | | 148,470 | | | | — | | | | 100,171 | |
Net proceeds from stock options, warrants, and notes receivable | | | 110,527 | | | | 46,590 | | | | 36,509 | |
Cash dividends paid | | | (129,535 | ) | | | (98,501 | ) | | | (72,414 | ) |
Purchases of common stock | | | (2,061 | ) | | | (582 | ) | | | (597 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 253,669 | | | | 20,389 | | | | 177,885 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 86,142 | | | | (37,389 | ) | | | (4,624 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 67,697 | | | | 105,086 | | | | 109,710 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 153,839 | | | $ | 67,697 | | | $ | 105,086 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-31
NOTE 14 — TRANSFERS AND SERVICING OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
Retained Assets
In conjunction with the sale of mortgage loans in private-label securitizations and GSE transactions, the Company generally retains certain assets. The primary assets retained include MSRs, and to a lesser degree,AAA-rated interest-only securities, AAA-rated principal-only securities, prepayment penalty securities, investment grade securities, non-investment grade securities, and residual securities. The allocated cost of the retained assets at the time of sale is recorded as an asset with an offsetting increase to the gain on sale of loans (or a reduction in the cost basis of the loans sold). The calculation of the $668.1 million in gain on sale of loans earned during the year ended December 31, 2006 included the retention of $1.1 billion in MSRs and $388.5 million of other retained assets. For the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, we recognized a total of $592.2 million and $363.8 million in gain on sale of loans, respectively. The fair value of retained assets totaling $889.0 million and $775.2 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively, was included as a component of these gains.
The portfolio of AAA-rated and agency interest-only securities at December 31, 2006 was comprised ofAAA-rated interest-only securities retained in our loan securitization activities as well as the agency interest-only securities. Agency interest-only securities were created by securitizing a portion of the contractual servicing fee related to loans sold to the GSEs prior to 2005. These securities represented the unconditional right to receive cash flows based on the cash flow from the underlying loans. These securities were legally separate from contractual servicing fees and can be sold or pledged by the Company without restriction. Starting in 2005, we decided not to retain agency interest-only securities.
The key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained assets at the time of sale during the year ended December 31, 2006 on a weighted average basis were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Projected
| |
| | Retained
| | | Lifetime
| | | Discount
| | | Loss
| |
| | Balance | | | CPR | | | Yield | | | Rate | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Mortgage servicing rights | | $ | 1,075,741 | | | | 22.81 | % | | | 10.17 | % | | | N/A | |
AAA-rated interest-only securities | | | 29,576 | | | | 24.56 | % | | | 25.71 | % | | | N/A | |
AAA-rated principal-only securities | | | 13,862 | | | | 10.00 | % | | | 5.62 | % | | | N/A | |
Prepayment penalty securities | | | 43,094 | | | | 21.50 | % | | | 12.53 | % | | | N/A | |
Investment grade mortgage-backed securities | | | 43,701 | | | | 33.61 | % | | | 8.48 | % | | | N/A | |
Non-investment grade mortgage-backed securities | | | 34,205 | | | | 42.43 | % | | | 13.39 | % | | | 3.11 | % |
Non-investment grade residual securities | | | 224,014 | | | | 40.51 | % | | | 23.11 | % | | | 3.07 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,464,193 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-32
The following table shows the hypothetical effect on the fair value of our retained assets using various unfavorable variations of the expected levels of certain key assumptions used in valuing these assets at December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Investment
| | | Non-Investment
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | AAA-Rated
| | | AAA-Rated
| | | | | | Grade
| | | Grade
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | and Agency
| | | Principal-
| | | Prepayment
| | | Mortgage-
| | | Mortgage-
| | | | | | | |
| | Mortgage
| | | Interest-Only
| | | Only
| | | Penalty
| | | Backed
| | | Backed
| | | Residual
| | | | |
| | Servicing | | | Securities | | | Securities | | | Securities | | | Securities | | | Securities | | | Securities | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Balance sheet carrying value of retained interests | | $ | 1,822,455 | | | $ | 73,570 | | | $ | 38,478 | | | $ | 97,576 | | | $ | 189,253 | | | $ | 80,174 | | | $ | 250,573 | | | $ | 2,552,079 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prepayment speed assumption | | | 25.78 | % | | | 16.40 | % | | | 13.19 | % | | | 28.20 | % | | | 28.60 | % | | | 31.90 | % | | | 39.60 | % | | | N/A | |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change of prepayment speed | | $ | 111,660 | | | $ | 5,497 | | | $ | (923 | ) | | $ | (8,211 | ) | | $ | 2,418 | | | $ | (456 | ) | | $ | 19,644 | | | $ | 129,629 | |
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change of prepayment speed | | $ | 212,598 | | | $ | 10,445 | | | $ | (1,724 | ) | | $ | (16,338 | ) | | $ | 5,377 | | | $ | (860 | ) | | $ | 33,566 | | | $ | 243,064 | |
Discount rate assumption | | | 8.83 | % | | | 15.40 | % | | | 5.68 | % | | | 26.30 | % | | | 7.90 | % | | | 13.70 | % | | | 22.00 | % | | | N/A | |
Impact on fair value of 100 basis point adverse change | | $ | 51,050 | | | $ | 4,631 | | | $ | 1,938 | | | $ | 646 | | | $ | 6,592 | | | $ | 141 | | | $ | 15,378 | | | $ | 80,376 | |
Impact on fair value of 200 basis point adverse change | | $ | 102,630 | | | $ | 8,717 | | | $ | 3,707 | | | $ | 1,310 | | | $ | 13,473 | | | $ | 729 | | | $ | 31,587 | | | $ | 162,153 | |
Net credit loss assumption | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | 2.00 | % | | | 3.00 | % | | | N/A | |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change in credit losses | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | $ | 1,254 | | | $ | 20,028 | | | $ | 21,282 | |
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change in credit losses | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | $ | 2,595 | | | $ | 37,868 | | | $ | 40,463 | |
The adverse change of prepayment speed is assumed as an increase in prepayment speed as MSRs represent our largest retained assets at December 31, 2006. The negative amounts in the table indicate increases in value resulting from changes in prepayment speed, which partially offset the declines in value of other retained assets.
These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on a ten percent variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. The effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interest is calculated without changing any other assumption, or considering the offsetting hedging impacts. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, such as hedging strategies and associated gains or losses, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
Credit Risk on Securitizations
With regard to the issuance of private-label securitizations, we retain certain limited credit exposure in that we may choose to retain non-investment grade securities and residuals. These securities are subordinate to investors’ investment-grade interests. We do not have credit exposure associated with non-performing loans in securitizations beyond our investment in retained interests in non-investment grade securities and residuals. The value of our retained interests include credit loss assumptions on the underlying collateral pool to estimate this risk. The
F-33
following table summarizes the collateral balance associated with our servicing portfolio of sold loans, and the balance of non-investment grade securities and residual securities retained at December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Balance of Retained Assets
| |
| | | | | With Credit Exposure | |
| | Total Loans
| | | Non-Investment
| | | | |
| | Serviced | | | Grade Securities | | | Residuals | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Prime | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Indymac securitizations | | $ | 64,894,281 | | | $ | 67,237 | | | $ | 156,337 | |
GSEs | | | 40,606,548 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Whole loan sales | | | 28,294,404 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Subprime | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Indymac securitizations | | | 5,920,286 | | | | 12,937 | | | | 94,236 | |
Manufactured housing securitization | | | 101,244 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 139,816,763 | | | $ | 80,174 | | | $ | 250,573 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
As part of the normal course of business involving loans sold to the secondary market, we are occasionally required to repurchase loans or make certain payments to settle breaches of our standard representations and warranties made as part of the loan sales or securitizations. In anticipation of future expected losses related to these loans, we have established secondary market reserves and have recorded provisions of $37.3 million, $19.6 million, and $22.9 million to this reserve as reductions to our gain on sale of loans during 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. The balance in this reserve was $33.9 million and $27.6 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, which is included on the consolidated balance sheets as a component of Other Liabilities. The calculation of the reserve is a function of estimated losses based on expected and actual pending claims and repurchase requests, historical experience, loan volume and loan sale distribution channels.
Qualifying Special-Purpose Entities
All loans sold in our private-label securitizations are issued through securitization trusts, which are “qualifying special-purpose entities” under SFAS 140. Cash flows received from and paid to securitization trusts during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Proceeds from new securitizations | | $ | 29,557,068 | | | $ | 31,018,699 | | | $ | 12,205,539 | |
Servicing fees received | | | 89,993 | | | | 63,720 | | | | 27,024 | |
Other cash flows received on retained interests | | | 184,597 | | | | 132,330 | | | | 99,542 | |
Clean-up calls | | | (31,483 | ) | | | (141,487 | ) | | | (677,318 | ) |
Loan repurchases for representations and warranties | | | (19,632 | ) | | | (8,400 | ) | | | (1,100 | ) |
As part of our normal servicing operations, the Company advanced cash to investors totaling $195.3 million and $61.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and received cash reimbursements from investors totaling $171.1 million and $61.4 million, respectively.
From time to time, Indymac creates Net Interest Margin (“NIM”) trusts for the securitization of residual securities and securities associated with prepayment charges on the underlying mortgage loans from prior or recently completed securitization transactions. NIM trusts issue notes to outside investors secured by the residual securities and securities associated with prepayment charges on the underlying mortgage loans we contribute to the trusts. The cash proceeds from the sale of the NIM notes to investors are paid to us as payment for the securities. The NIM notes are obligations of the NIM trusts and are collateralized only by the residual securities and securities associated with prepayment charges on the underlying mortgage loans. We are not obligated to make any payments on the notes. These entities represent qualified special-purpose entities and meet the legal isolation criteria of SFAS 140. Therefore, these entities are not consolidated for financial reporting purposes, in accordance with SFAS 140. At inception, the outside investors have the majority interest in the fair value of the residual securities
F-34
and securities associated with prepayment charges on the underlying mortgage loans. We receive cash flows from our retained interests in the NIM trusts once the notes issued to the investors are fully paid off. We created three NIM trusts during 2006 and four NIM trusts during 2005. At inception of the trusts, we retained a 74.3% and 18.7% interest in these trusts during 2006 and 2005, respectively. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, these NIM trusts held assets valued at $176.4 million and $187.9 million, respectively, and our retained interests in these NIM trusts were valued at $89.1 million and $52.4 million, respectively. Our retained interests in the NIM trusts are included as a component of securities classified as trading securities on the consolidated balance sheets.
NOTE 15 — DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
We follow the provisions of SFAS 133, as amended, for our derivative instruments and hedging activities, which require us to recognize all derivative instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. FNMA and FHLMC forward contracts, forward rate agreements, interest rate swap agreements, interest rate swaption agreements, interest rate floor agreements, interest rate cap agreements, Eurodollar futures, and rate lock commitments were identified as derivative financial instruments and recorded at fair value as of December 31, 2006 and 2005.
Generally speaking, if interest rates increase, the value of our rate lock commitments and funded loans decrease and loan sale margins are adversely impacted. We hedge the risk of overall changes in fair value of loans held for sale and rate lock commitments generally by selling forward contracts on securities of GSEs and by using futures and options to economically hedge the fair value of loan commitments and the funded loan portfolio. Under SFAS 133, certain of these positions qualify as a fair value hedge of a portion of the funded loan portfolio and result in adjustments to the carrying value of designated loans through gain on sale based on value changes attributable to the hedged risk. The forward contracts used to economically hedge the loan commitments are accounted for as non-designated hedges and naturally offset loan commitmentmark-to-market gains and losses recognized as a component of gain on sale. Effective April 1, 2004, upon the adoption of SAB 105, the loan commitments are initially valued at zero, and the Company only records the change in the fair value of the loan commitments. The initial value inherent in the loan commitments at origination is recorded as a component of gain on sale of loans when the underlying loan is sold. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the fair value of these commitments amounted to $(9.8) million and $6.1 million, respectively.
We use interest rate swaps, swaption agreements and interest rate caps to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk inherent in a portion of the current and anticipated borrowings and advances. A swap agreement is a contract between two parties to exchange cash flows based on specified underlying notional amounts and indices. A swaption agreement is an option to enter into a swap agreement in the future. An interest rate cap is a derivative that protects the holder from rates rising above the agreed strike price. The holder receives money at the end of each period in which the interest rate exceeds the agreed strike price. Under SFAS 133, the swaps, swaption agreements and caps used to hedge our anticipated borrowings and advances qualify as cash flow hedges. As of December 31, 2006, our interest rate swaps and caps carried deferred gains of $23.1 million, while our swaption agreements carried deferred losses of $34.2 million. The net deferred loss of $6.8 million (net of taxes) was recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Future effective changes in fair value on these interest rate swap, swaption agreements and interest rate caps will be adjusted through AOCI as long as the cash flow hedge requirements continue to be met. AOCI contains approximately $10.5 million (net of tax) in deferred cash flow hedge gains and $11.0 million (net of tax) in deferred cash flow hedge losses that the Company expects to be realized into income over the next 12 months, based on the respective December 31, 2006 valuations. At December 31, 2005, our interest rate swaps, swaptions and caps carried a net deferred valuation gain of $9.2 million (net of tax), which was recorded as a component of AOCI.
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 156, the Company applied the fair value hedge provisions of SFAS 133 on certain tranches of our MSR asset in 2005 and 2004. Economically, the positions we used to hedge the MSR asset included Euro dollar futures, forward rate agreements, interest rate caps, swaps and swaptions, which are intended to mitigate valuation declines that result from changes and volatility in the interest rate environment. Gains and losses on both designated and undesignated derivative financial instruments are classified as a component of service fee income for mortgage servicing assets, and as a component of gain or (loss) on mortgage-backed securities, net, for our AAA-rated and agency interest-only, residual and principal-only securities. Upon the adoption of SFAS 156, we no longer have to designate SFAS 133 hedges for our MSRs.
F-35
Indymac recognizes ineffective changes in hedge values resulting from designated SFAS 133 hedges discussed above in the same income statement captions as effective changes when such ineffectiveness occurs. Indymac recognized (losses) gains totaling $(3.0) million, $(1.2) million, and $0.9 million of ineffectiveness in earnings, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004.
We had the following derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Notional
| | | | | | Expiration
| |
| | Amounts | | | Fair Value | | | Dates | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans held for sale hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rate lock commitments | | $ | 8,181,111 | | | $ | (9,751 | ) | | | 2007 | |
Forward agency and loan sales | | | 5,076,325 | | | | 4,562 | | | | 2007 | |
Eurodollar futures contracts | | | 25,524,000 | | | | 7,813 | | | | 2007-2011 | |
Mortgage servicing and other servicing-related assets hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate caps (LIBOR/ Swaps) | | | 454,218 | | | | 2,918 | | | | 2007-2011 | |
Forward agency and loan sales | | | 1,115,000 | | | | (4,938 | ) | | | 2007 | |
Forward rate agreements | | | 26,000,000 | | | | 8,355 | | | | 2007 | |
Eurodollar futures contracts | | | 16,455,000 | | | | 2,460 | | | | 2007-2010 | |
Interest rate swaps (LIBOR) | | | 16,105,316 | | | | 17,453 | | | | 2007-2036 | |
Interest rate swaptions (LIBOR) | | | 4,780,000 | | | | 165,212 | | | | 2007-2011 | |
Borrowings and advances hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate caps (LIBOR/Swaps) | | | 40,822 | | | | 218 | | | | 2007 | |
Interest rate swaps (LIBOR) | | | 1,943,476 | | | | 21,054 | | | | 2007-2016 | |
Interest rate swaptions (LIBOR) | | | 745,000 | | | | 3,623 | | | | 2007-2009 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 106,420,268 | | | $ | 218,979 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans held for sale hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rate lock commitments | | $ | 6,226,279 | | | $ | 6,110 | | | | 2006 | |
Forward agency and loan sales | | | 3,123,172 | | | | (10,502 | ) | | | 2006 | |
Eurodollar futures contracts | | | 18,608,000 | | | | (2,352 | ) | | | 2006-2010 | |
Mortgage servicing and other servicing-related assets hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate caps (LIBOR/ Swaps) | | | 1,096,279 | | | | 30,753 | | | | 2006-2007 | |
Eurodollar futures contracts | | | 11,435,000 | | | | 3,879 | | | | 2006-2010 | |
Interest rate swaps (LIBOR) | | | 5,453,703 | | | | (30,622 | ) | | | 2006-2025 | |
Interest rate swaptions (LIBOR) | | | 2,445,000 | | | | 80,598 | | | | 2006-2010 | |
Borrowings and advances hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate caps (LIBOR) | | | 39,022 | | | | 418 | | | | 2007 | |
Interest rate swaps (LIBOR) | | | 3,693,274 | | | | 58,549 | | | | 2006-2010 | |
Interest rate swaptions (LIBOR) | | | 1,945,000 | | | | 11,921 | | | | 2006-2009 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 54,064,729 | | | $ | 148,752 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
While we do not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties, we manage credit risk with respect to such financial instruments by entering into agreements with entities (including their subsidiaries) approved by a committee of the Board of Directors and with a long term credit rating of “A” or better. For certain counterparties, we do receive margin deposits (cash collateral) to support the financial instruments with these approved entities.
F-36
NOTE 16 — FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair value estimates were determined for existing balance sheet and off-balance sheet financial instruments, including derivative instruments, without attempting to estimate the value of certain assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets that are not considered financial instruments under SFAS No. 107,“Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,”include MSRs, foreclosed assets, fixed assets, goodwill and intangible assets.
The estimated fair value amounts of our financial instruments have been determined using available market information and valuation methods that we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. These estimates are inherently subjective in nature and involve matters of significant uncertainty and judgment to interpret relevant market and other data. The use of different market assumptionsand/or estimation methods may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
The following table presents the estimated fair values of the various classes of financial instruments we held as of December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2006 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | Carrying
| | | Estimated
| | | Carrying
| | | Estimated
| |
| | Amount | | | Fair Value | | | Amount | | | Fair Value | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 541,725 | | | $ | 541,725 | | | $ | 442,525 | | | $ | 442,525 | |
Securities classified as trading | | | 542,731 | | | | 542,731 | | | | 348,962 | | | | 348,962 | |
Securities classified as available for sale | | | 4,900,514 | | | | 4,900,514 | | | | 3,753,195 | | | | 3,753,195 | |
Loans held for sale | | | 9,467,843 | | | | 9,565,821 | | | | 6,024,184 | | | | 6,056,904 | |
Loans held for investment | | | 10,114,823 | | | | 10,184,055 | | | | 8,223,201 | | | | 8,201,674 | |
Investment in FHLB stock | | | 762,054 | | | | 762,054 | | | | 556,262 | | | | 556,262 | |
Financial Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deposits | | | 10,898,006 | | | | 10,673,718 | | | | 7,671,924 | | | | 7,563,494 | |
Advances from the FHLB | | | 10,412,800 | | | | 10,409,767 | | | | 6,953,000 | | | | 6,966,946 | |
Other borrowings | | | 4,637,000 | | | | 4,679,943 | | | | 4,367,270 | | | | 4,458,872 | |
Derivative Financial Instruments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commitments to purchase and originate loans | | | (9,751 | ) | | | (9,751 | ) | | | 6,110 | | | | 6,110 | |
Commitments to sell loans and securities | | | (376 | ) | | | (376 | ) | | | (10,502 | ) | | | (10,502 | ) |
Forward rate agreements | | | 8,355 | | | | 8,355 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Interest rate swaps | | | 38,507 | | | | 38,507 | | | | 27,927 | | | | 27,927 | |
Interest rate swaptions | | | 168,835 | | | | 168,835 | | | | 92,519 | | | | 92,519 | |
Interest rate caps, floors, flooridors and futures | | | 13,409 | | | | 13,409 | | | | 32,698 | | | | 32,698 | |
The following describes the methods and assumptions we use in estimating fair values:
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Carrying amount represents fair value.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Classified as Trading or Available for Sale. Carrying amount represents fair value. Fair value is estimated using quoted market prices or by discounting future cash flows using assumptions for prepayment rates, market yield requirements and credit losses.
Loans Held for Sale. The fair value of loans held for sale is estimated primarily based on quoted market prices for securities backed by loans with similar coupons, maturities and credit quality.
Loans Held for Investment. Fair value is estimated using quoted market prices or by discounting future cash flows using assumptions for prepayment rates, market yield requirements and credit losses.
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Investment in FHLB Stock. The carrying amount represents the fair value. FHLB stock does not have a readily determinable fair value, but can be sold back to the FHLB at its par value with stated notice.
Deposits. The fair value of time deposits and transaction accounts is determined using a cash flow analysis. The discount rate for time deposits is derived from the rate currently offered on alternate funding sources with similar maturities. The discount rate for transaction accounts is derived from a forward LIBOR curve plus a spread. Core deposit intangibles are included in the valuation.
Advances from FHLB. The fair value of advances from FHLB is valued using a cash flow analysis. The discount rate is derived from the rate currently offered on similar borrowings.
Other Borrowings. Fair values are determined by estimating future cash flows and discounting them using interest rates currently available to us on similar borrowings.
Commitments to Purchase and Originate Loans. Fair value is estimated based upon the difference between the current value of similar loans and the price at which we have committed to purchase or originate the loans, subject to the anticipated loan funding probability, or fallout factor. With the adoption of SAB 105, the fair value as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 does not include the fair value of the rate lock commitments represents the amount of change in value since the inception of the commitments and does not include initial value inherent at origination.
Commitments to Sell Loans and Securities. We utilize forward commitments to hedge interest rate risk associated with loans held for sale and commitments to purchase loans. Fair value of these commitments is determined based upon the difference between the settlement values of the commitments and the quoted market values of the securities.
Forward Rate Agreements, Interest Rate Swaps, Swaptions, Caps, Floors, Flooridors, Futures, and Put Options. Valuing forward rate agreements involves forecasting forward mortgage and swap yields using current interest rates and comparing the value of each instrument versus market pricing indications. Fair value for the caps, floors, flooridors, and put options is estimated based upon specific characteristics of the option being valued, such as the underlying index, strike rate, and time to expiration, along with quoted market levels of implied volatility for similar instruments. Interest rate and Eurodollar futures are traded on the Chicago Board of Trade and market pricing is readily available and continuously quoted on systems such as Bloomberg. Fair value for swap and swaption agreements is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on expectations of rates over the life of the swap or swaption as implied by the forward swap curve.
Further, we have identified: 1) intermediate term fixed rate or ARM loans that are subject to future payment increases, 2) pay option ARM loans that permit negative amortization, and 3) loans with combinedloan-to-value ratios above 80%, underlying our assets whose contractual terms may give rise to a concentration of credit risk and increase our exposures to risk of nonpayment or realization.
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The following table details the unpaid principal balance of these loans at December 31, 2006 and the related asset carrying value:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | HFI SFR Mortgage Loans | | | Mortgage Servicing Rights | | | Non-Investment Grade Securities | | | Non-Investment Grade Residuals | |
| | UPB of
| | | % of
| | | UPB of
| | | % of
| | | UPB of
| | | % of
| | | UPB of
| | | % of
| |
| | Collateral | | | Collateral | | | Collateral | | | Collateral | | | Collateral | | | Collateral | | | Collateral | | | Collateral | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hybrid, Option ARM, and All Other ARM Loans: |
Hybrid 3/1 | | $ | 528,922 | | | | 8.22 | % | | $ | 4,907,089 | | | | 3.85 | % | | $ | 317,571 | | | | 4.93 | % | | $ | 359,665 | | | | 3.03 | % |
Hybrid 5/1 | | | 2,707,109 | | | | 42.09 | % | | | 20,776,827 | | | | 16.29 | % | | | 746,191 | | | | 11.58 | % | | | 154,176 | | | | 1.30 | % |
Hybrid 7/1 | | | 603,107 | | | | 9.38 | % | | | 4,551,653 | | | | 3.57 | % | | | 29,622 | | | | 0.46 | % | | | 1,471 | | | | 0.01 | % |
Hybrid10/1 | | | 527,935 | | | | 8.21 | % | | | 7,451,006 | | | | 5.84 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | 306 | | | | 0.00 | % |
Option ARMs | | | 1,162,351 | | | | 18.07 | % | | | 32,543,641 | | | | 25.52 | % | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
All Other ARMs | | | 581,589 | | | | 9.04 | % | | | 5,744,309 | | | | 4.51 | % | | | 1,569,767 | | | | 24.37 | % | | | 4,176,175 | | | | 35.18 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 6,111,013 | | | | 95.01 | % | | $ | 75,974,525 | | | | 59.58 | % | | $ | 2,663,151 | | | | 41.34 | % | | $ | 4,691,793 | | | | 39.52 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans with Original CombinedLoan-to-Value (“CLTV”) Ratios Above 80%: |
>80% − =90% | | $ | 314,584 | | | | 4.89 | % | | $ | 20,714,751 | | | | 16.25 | % | | $ | 1,631,902 | | | | 25.33 | % | | $ | 3,046,204 | | | | 25.66 | % |
>90% − =100% | | | 233,960 | | | | 3.64 | % | | | 28,242,859 | | | | 22.14 | % | | | 1,080,113 | | | | 16.77 | % | | | 2,574,217 | | | | 21.68 | % |
>100% | | | 2,409 | | | | 0.04 | % | | | 23,609 | | | | 0.02 | % | | | 3,656 | | | | 0.06 | % | | | 4,871 | | | | 0.04 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 550,953 | | | | 8.57 | % | | $ | 48,981,219 | | | | 38.41 | % | | $ | 2,715,671 | | | | 42.16 | % | | $ | 5,625,292 | | | | 47.38 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
All Underlying Single Family Residential Mortgage Loans and HELOCs: |
Collateral | | $ | 6,431,733 | | | | | | | $ | 127,513,600 | | | | | | | $ | 6,441,939 | | | | | | | $ | 11,872,806 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | $ | 6,519,340 | | | | | | | $ | 1,712,304 | | | | | | | $ | 80,174 | | | | | | | $ | 250,573 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our mortgage servicing rights, related to reverse mortgages of $110.2 million with underlying collateral of $12.3 billion at December 31, 2006, were not included in the table above as these loans do not represent significant risk of nonpayment.
NOTE 17 — EXPENSES
A summary of expenses follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Salaries and related | | $ | 689,742 | | | $ | 552,550 | | | $ | 398,755 | |
Premises and equipment | | | 79,102 | | | | 55,424 | | | | 43,594 | |
Loan purchase and servicing costs | | | 55,055 | | | | 42,739 | | | | 38,137 | |
Professional services | | | 35,838 | | | | 29,237 | | | | 25,838 | |
Data processing | | | 64,826 | | | | 45,341 | | | | 36,208 | |
Office and related | | | 68,730 | | | | 50,891 | | | | 34,234 | |
Advertising and promotion | | | 44,369 | | | | 44,959 | | | | 43,488 | |
Operations and sale of foreclosed assets | | | 3,958 | | | | 2,364 | | | | 6,691 | |
Litigation settlement | | | — | | | | 9,000 | | | | — | |
Other | | | 13,586 | | | | 10,391 | | | | 10,413 | |
Deferral of expenses under SFAS 91 | | | (266,246 | ) | | | (224,399 | ) | | | (154,852 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 788,960 | | | | 618,497 | | | | 482,506 | |
Amortization of other intangible assets | | | 1,123 | | | | 591 | | | | 701 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | $ | 790,083 | | | $ | 619,088 | | | $ | 483,207 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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NOTE 18 — INCOME TAXES
The income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Current tax (benefit) expense | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | $ | (35,016 | ) | | $ | 18,654 | | | $ | 38,485 | |
State | | | 2,468 | | | | 6,966 | | | | 10,207 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total current tax (benefit) expense | | | (32,548 | ) | | | 25,620 | | | | 48,692 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax expense | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | | 219,174 | | | | 139,312 | | | | 48,713 | |
State | | | 25,941 | | | | 27,057 | | | | 8,574 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax expense | | | 245,115 | | | | 166,369 | | | | 57,287 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total income tax expense | | $ | 212,567 | | | $ | 191,989 | | | $ | 105,979 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The tax effect of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Deferred tax assets | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan losses | | $ | 24,990 | | | $ | 22,510 | |
State taxes | | | 33,403 | | | | 21,777 | |
Stock based compensation | | | 22,469 | | | | 21,700 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total deferred tax assets | | | 80,862 | | | | 65,987 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | | | | | | | |
MSRs and mortgage-backed securities | | | (678,264 | ) | | | (410,294 | ) |
Other | | | (10,870 | ) | | | (22,202 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total deferred tax liabilities | | | (689,134 | ) | | | (432,496 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax liability, net | | $ | (608,272 | ) | | $ | (366,509 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2006, the Company had a net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward of $110 million for state income tax purposes. The NOL carryforward has various expirations ranging five to 20 years through the year 2027.
The effective income tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate for 2006 and 2005 as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Federal statutory rate | | | 35.0 | % | | | 35.0 | % |
State income taxes, net of federal tax effect | | | 3.3 | % | | | 4.6 | % |
Other items, net | | | (0.0 | )% | | | (0.1 | )% |
| | | | | | | | |
Effective income tax rate | | | 38.3 | % | | | 39.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
The effective tax rate on earnings for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased to 39.1% from the 39.5% for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decline was due to a lower blended state tax rate as the Company further expanded geographically into states with lower tax rates. The effect of the decline on the net deferred tax liability further reduced the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 to 38.3 %.
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NOTE 19 — EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculation:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Earnings
| | | Average Shares
| | | Per Share
| |
| | (Numerator) | | | (Denominator) | | | Amount | |
| | (Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data) | |
|
December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings | | $ | 342,929 | | | | 67,701 | | | $ | 5.07 | |
Effect of options, restricted stocks and warrants | | | — | | | | 3,417 | | | | (0.25 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings | | $ | 342,929 | | | | 71,118 | | | $ | 4.82 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings | | $ | 293,128 | | | | 62,760 | | | $ | 4.67 | |
Effect of options and restricted stocks | | | — | | | | 3,355 | | | | (0.24 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings | | $ | 293,128 | | | | 66,115 | | | $ | 4.43 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2004 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings | | $ | 162,065 | | | | 59,513 | | | $ | 2.72 | |
Effect of options and restricted stocks | | | — | | | | 2,497 | | | | (0.11 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings | | $ | 162,065 | | | | 62,010 | | | $ | 2.61 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
In November 2001, we issued 3,500,000 warrants, each convertible into 1.5972 shares of Indymac Bancorp’s common stock, as part of the WIRES offering (described more in detail in Note 12 — Other Borrowings). At December 31, 2006, 935,636 warrants remained outstanding at an average exercise price of $31.68 per share. These outstanding warrants were included in our 2006, 2005 and 2004 dilutive earnings per share calculation.
Options to purchase 56,100 shares of common stock at weighted average exercise price of $44.86 were outstanding at December 31, 2006. These options were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common stock and, therefore, the effect would be antidilutive.
NOTE 20 — ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following table presents the ending balance in accumulated other comprehensive loss for each component:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Net unrealized loss on mortgage-backed securities available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AAA-rated agency securities | | $ | (387 | ) | | $ | (141 | ) | | $ | (84 | ) |
AAA-rated non-agency securities | | | (18,595 | ) | | | (26,219 | ) | | | (11,754 | ) |
Other investment and non-investment grade securities | | | 523 | | | | 1,354 | | | | 4,191 | |
Residual securities | | | — | | | | 626 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net unrealized loss on mortgage-backed securities available for sale | | | (18,459 | ) | | | (24,380 | ) | | | (7,647 | ) |
Net unrealized (loss) gain on derivatives used in cash flow hedges | | | (6,812 | ) | | | 9,223 | | | | (12,657 | ) |
Adjustment to initially apply SFAS 158, net of tax | | | (6,168 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | (31,439 | ) | | $ | (15,157 | ) | | $ | (20,304 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The following table presents the changes to other comprehensive loss and the related tax effect for each component:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Net unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities available for sale | | $ | 9,987 | | | $ | (27,658 | ) | | $ | (3,708 | ) |
Related tax (expense) benefit | | | (4,066 | ) | | | 10,925 | | | | 1,465 | |
Net (loss) gain on derivatives used in cash flow hedges | | | (26,430 | ) | | | 36,165 | | | | 13,873 | |
Related tax benefit (expense) | | | 10,395 | | | | (14,285 | ) | | | (5,480 | ) |
Adjustment to initially apply SFAS 158 | | | (10,128 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Related tax benefit | | | 3,960 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change to accumulated other comprehensive loss | | $ | (16,282 | ) | | $ | 5,147 | | | $ | 6,150 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
NOTE 21 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Matters
In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are defendants in or parties to a number of legal actions. Certain of such actions involve alleged violations of employment laws, unfair trade practices, consumer protection laws, including claims relating to the Company’s sales, loan origination and collection efforts, and other federal and state banking laws. Certain of such actions include claims for breach of contract, restitution, compensatory damages, punitive damages and other forms of relief. The Company reviews these actions on an on-going basis and follows the provisions of SFAS No. 5,“Accounting for Contingencies”when making accrual and disclosure decisions. When assessing reasonably possible and probable outcomes, the Company bases its decisions on the evidence discovered and in its possession, the strength of probable witness testimony, the viability of its defenses and the likelihood of prevailing at trial or resolving the matter through alternative dispute resolution. Due to the difficulty of predicting the outcome of such actions, the Company can give no assurance that it will prevail on all claims made against it; however, management believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that these legal actions, individually and in the aggregate, and the losses, if any, resulting from the likely final outcome thereof, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries’ financial position, but may have a material impact on the results of operations of particular periods.
Commitments
We enter into a number of commitments in the normal course of business. These commitments expose us to varying degrees of credit and market risk and are subject to the same credit and risk limitation reviews as those recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. The following types of non-derivative commitments were outstanding at years ended:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Undisbursed loan commitments: | | | | | | | | |
Reverse Mortgages | | $ | 426,977 | | | $ | 109,896 | |
Builder construction | | | 858,525 | | | | 923,993 | |
Consumer construction | | | 1,317,346 | | | | 1,346,415 | |
HELOC | | | 1,582,748 | | | | 731,395 | |
Revolving warehouse lending | | | 465,222 | | | | 152,384 | |
Letters of credit | | $ | 14,042 | | | $ | 16,078 | |
Indymac Bank notifies trustees of certain securitization trusts when we intend to exercise ourclean-up call rights. Aclean-up call right is an option we retain when we securitize our loans and retain the related servicing rights. This option allows us to purchase the remaining loans from the securitization trusts if the amount of
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outstanding loans falls to a specified level, generally 10% of the original securitized loan pool balance. At this level, the costs of servicing these loans exceeds the economic benefit of servicing the loans. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, there were no loan purchase commitments under ourclean-up call rights. Indymac Bank exercises itsclean-up call rights based on management’s assessment of the economic benefits and costs associated with such transactions.
In 2002, the Company entered into agreements with two mortgage insurance companies to reimburse those companies for any losses incurred on certain portfolios of single-family mortgage loans. The total single-family mortgage loans covered by these agreements was $13.0 million and $20.0 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company’s obligations under these agreements are accounted for in the secondary marketing reserve, which is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company paid total reimbursements, net of premiums received from borrowers, of $0.1 million and $0.9 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to these agreements.
Our Homebuilder Division issues standby letters of credit to municipalities to guarantee the performance of improvements related to tract construction projects. The risk of loss on the standby letters of credit is mitigated by the fact that the funds to complete the improvements are included in the construction loan balance and supported by the underlying collateral value. We have not incurred any loss on these standby letters of credit since the inception of this practice.
Leases
We lease office facilities and equipment under lease agreements extending through 2016. Future minimum annual rental commitments under these non-cancelable operating leases, with initial or remaining terms of one year or more, are as follows for the years ended December 31:
| | | | |
Year | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in
| |
| | thousands) | |
|
2007 | | $ | 36,119 | |
2008 | | | 33,107 | |
2009 | | | 29,467 | |
2010 | | | 22,505 | |
2011 | | | 17,842 | |
Thereafter | | | 43,287 | |
| | | | |
Total | | $ | 182,327 | |
| | | | |
Sublease rental income totaling $3.3 million reduced the above rental commitments. Rental expense, net of sublease income, for all operating leases was $33.5 million, $22.0 million, and $15.3 million, in 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively.
NOTE 22 — RELATED PARTY LOANS
At December 31, 2006 and 2005, we had $1.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in notes receivable from our employees. There were no such loans outstanding with directors. These loans have varying interest rates and terms and were mostly secured by Indymac stock or real estate.
NOTE 23 — REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Federal Reserve Board regulations require depository institutions to maintain certain deposit reserve balances. One of our subsidiaries, Indymac Bank, is a depository institution required to maintain deposit reserves under the Federal Reserve Board regulations. At December 31, 2006, Indymac Bank’s deposit reserve balance of $16.8 million, included in cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets, met the required level.
Indymac Bank’s primary federal regulatory agency, the Office of Thrift Supervision (“OTS”), requires savings associations to satisfy three minimum capital ratio requirements: tangible capital, Tier 1 core (leverage) capital and risk-based capital. To meet general minimum adequately capitalized requirements, a savings association must maintain a tangible capital ratio of 1.5%, a Tier 1 core capital ratio of 3% for strong rated associations that are not anticipating or experiencing significant growth and have well-diversified risks, including no undue interest rate
F-43
exposure, excellent asset quality, high liquidity, and good earnings, and 4% for others, and a risk-based capital ratio of 8%. Most associations are expected to maintain capital levels in excess of the above-mentioned capital levels. The OTS regulations also specify minimum requirements to be considered a “well-capitalized institution.” A “well-capitalized” savings association must have a total risk-based capital ratio of 10% or greater and a leverage ratio of 5% or greater. Additionally, to qualify as a “well-capitalized institution,” a savings association’s Tier 1 risk-based capital must be equal to at least 6% of risk-weighted assets. In order not to be deemed “critically undercapitalized” and therefore subject to immediate remedial action, a savings association must maintain a tangible equity to tangible assets ratio of 2%. As of December 31, 2006, Indymac Bank met all of the requirements of a “well-capitalized” institution under the general regulatory capital regulations. However, the characterization of Indymac Bank as “well-capitalized” by the OTS is for “prompt corrective action” purposes only and does not necessarily characterize Indymac Bank’s financial condition.
The Company’s business is primarily focused on single-family lending and the related production and sale of loans. As such, the accumulation of MSRs is a large component of our strategy. As of December 31, 2006, the capitalized value of MSRs was $1.8 billion. OTS regulations generally impose higher capital requirements on MSRs that exceed total Tier 1 capital. These higher capital requirements could result in lowered returns on our retained assets and could limit our ability to retain servicing assets. We have flexibility to sell or retain MSRs and the ability to increase our capital base through retention of earnings and other capital raising activities. While management believes that compliance with the capital limits on MSRs will not materially impact future results, no assurance can be given that our plans and strategies will be successful.
The OTS issued guidance for subprime lending programs which requires a lender to quantify the additional risks in its subprime lending activities and determine the appropriate amounts of allowances for loan losses and capital it needs to offset those risks. The Company generally classifies all non-GSE loans in a first lien position with a FICO score less than 620 and all non-GSE loans in a second lien position with a FICO score less than 660 as subprime. We report our subprime loan calculation in an addendum to the Thrift Financial Report that we file with the OTS. Subprime loans held for investment and subprime loans held for sale which are either delinquent or more than 90 days old since origination are supported by capital two times that of similar prime loans. These subprime loans totaled $101.6 million at December 31, 2006. The impact of the additional risk- weighting criteria related to subprime loans had the effect of reducing Indymac’s total risk-based capital by 5 basis points.
In December 2006, the federal bank and thrift regulatory agencies issued an interim decision that any amounts reported in AOCI resulting from the adoption of SFAS 158 should be excluded from regulatory capital until the regulatory agencies determine otherwise. As a result, $4.9 million in AOCI was excluded from our regulatory capital.
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The following presents Indymac Bank’s actual and required capital ratios and the minimum required capital ratios to be categorized as “well-capitalized” at December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Capital Ratios | |
| | Tangible | | | Tier 1 Core | | | Tier 1 Risk-based | | | Total Risk-Based | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As reported pre-subprime risk-weighting | | | 7.39 | % | | | 7.39 | % | | | 11.40 | % | | | 11.77 | % |
Adjusted for additional subprime risk weighting | | | 7.39 | % | | | 7.39 | % | | | 11.35 | % | | | 11.72 | % |
Well-capitalized minimum | | | 2.00 | % | | | 5.00 | % | | | 6.00 | % | | | 10.00 | % |
Excess over well-capitalized minimum requirement | | $ | 1,533,111 | | | $ | 679,311 | | | $ | 872,953 | | | $ | 280,645 | |
December 31, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As reported pre-subprime risk-weighting | | | 8.21 | % | | | 8.21 | % | | | 12.08 | % | | | 12.50 | % |
Adjusted for additional subprime risk weighting | | | 8.21 | % | | | 8.21 | % | | | 11.78 | % | | | 12.20 | % |
Well-capitalized minimum | | | 2.00 | % | | | 5.00 | % | | | 6.00 | % | | | 10.00 | % |
Excess over well-capitalized minimum requirement | | $ | 1,256,885 | | | $ | 649,211 | | | $ | 736,281 | | | $ | 279,460 | |
Under the capital distribution regulations, a savings association that is a subsidiary of a savings and loan holding company must notify the OTS of an association capital distribution at least 30 days prior to the declaration of a dividend or the approval by the Board of Directors of the proposed capital distribution. The30-day period provides the OTS an opportunity to object to the proposed distribution if it believes that the distribution would not be advisable.
An application to the OTS for specific approval to pay a dividend, rather than the notice procedure described above, is required if: (a) the total of all capital distributions made during a calendar year (including the proposed distribution) exceeds the sum of the institution’syear-to-date net income and its retained income for the preceding two years; (b) the institution is not entitled under OTS regulations to “expedited treatment” (which is generally available to institutions the OTS regards as well run and adequately capitalized); (c) the institution would not be at least “adequately capitalized” following the proposed capital distribution; or, (d) the distribution would violate an applicable statute, regulation, agreement, or condition imposed on the institution by the OTS.
In addition to applicable OTS regulatory requirements, Indymac Bank is required to maintain compliance with various servicing covenants such as a minimum net worth requirement. Management believes Indymac Bank was in compliance with all material financial covenants as of December 31, 2006 and 2005.
NOTE 24 — BENEFIT PLANS
Stock Incentive Plans
The Company has two stock incentive plans, the 2002 Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, and the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (collectively, the “Plans”), which provide for the granting of non-qualified and incentive stock options, restricted and performance stock awards, and other awards to employees (including officers) and directors. On April 25, 2006, the 2002 Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, was approved by shareholders to increase the total number of shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance from 6,000,000 to 11,200,000. Each share issued pursuant to a full value award (such as restricted stock) will reduce the number of shares of common stock available for future grant by 3.5 shares. The term of options granted under the 2002 Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) was reduced from ten years to seven years, and the Company is no longer able to grant stock appreciation rights, bonus stock, stock units, performance shares or performance units under the Plan.
Options granted under the Plans have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant, and generally vest based on one, three or five years of continuous service. Grants issued after April 25, 2006 will expire in seven years from the grant date, while grants issued prior to April 25, 2006
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continue to have a ten-year term. Certain option and share awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the Plans).
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company accounted for the Plans under the recognition and measurement provisions of APB No. 25 and related Interpretations, as permitted by SFAS 123. No stock option compensation cost was recognized in the Statement of Earnings as all options granted had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the grant date.
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123(R) using the modified-retrospective-transition method. Under this method, compensation cost recognized for 2006 includes compensation cost for all options granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, and all options granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of Statements 123 and 123(R), respectively.
The Company’s income before income taxes and net income for the year ended December 31, 2006 included stock option compensation cost of $9.6 million and $6.0 million, respectively, which represented $0.09 and $0.08 impact on both basic and dilutive earnings per share, respectively. The Company’s net income for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect pre-tax stock option compensation cost of $12.1 million and $14.0 million, respectively. The retrospectively adjusted dilutive earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 were $4.43 and $2.61, respectively.
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant. For grants issued on and after January 1, 2006, the fair value is determined using an enhanced binomial lattice model. For options granted prior to January 1, 2006, the fair value of these awards was based on the fair value calculated for purposes of the SFAS 123 pro-forma disclosures which used the Black Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used in the valuations for options granted during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Expected volatility | | | 28.11-28.44 | % | | | 25.96%-29.42 | % | | | 28.80-31.31 | % |
Expected dividends | | | 4.00-4.60 | % | | | 3.52-4.65 | % | | | 2.83-4.17 | % |
Weighted average expected term (in years) | | | 6.89-7.34 | | | | 5.00 | | | | 5.00 | |
Risk-free rate | | | 4.54-4.73 | % | | | 4.16-4.64 | % | | | 3.75-4.51 | % |
Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock and other factors. For the Black Scholes valuation model, the expected term of the options is estimated based on historical option exercise activity. For the enhanced binomial valuation model, the Company uses historical data to estimate assumptions for expected option exercise and expected employee termination rates. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the binomial model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The range given above results from certain groups of employees exhibiting different behavior. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
Option activity under the Plans as of December 31, 2006 and activity for the year then ended follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Weighted
| | | | |
| | | | | Weighted-
| | | Average
| | | | |
| | | | | Average
| | | Remaining
| | | | |
| | | | | Exercise
| | | Contractual
| | | Aggregate
| |
Options: | | Shares | | | Price | | | Term | | | Fair Value | |
| | (In thousands) | |
|
Options outstanding at December 31, 2005 | | | 7,851,820 | | | $ | 24.82 | | | | | | | | | |
Options granted | | | 788,140 | | | | 39.11 | | | | | | | | | |
Options exercised | | | (854,905 | ) | | | 23.50 | | | | | | | | | |
Options canceled, forfeited and expired | | | (81,850 | ) | | | 36.22 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options outstanding at December 31, 2006 | | | 7,703,205 | | | $ | 26.31 | | | | 5.73 | | | $ | 58,511 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options exercisable at December 31, 2006 | | | 6,034,693 | | | $ | 23.70 | | | | 5.01 | | | $ | 44,720 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $9.13, $7.68 and $8.35, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, the total fair value of options exercised was $5.7 million, $10.9 million and $9.0 million, respectively.
The status of the Company’s nonvested shares as of December 31, 2006 and changes during the year then ended follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Weighted-Average
| |
| | | | | Grant-Date
| |
| | | | | Fair Value
| |
Nonvested Options: | | Shares | | | per Share | |
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2005 | | | 2,660,324 | | | $ | 7.54 | |
Granted | | | 788,140 | | | | 9.13 | |
Vested | | | (1,701,246 | ) | | | 7.53 | |
Canceled, forfeited and expired | | | (78,706 | ) | | | 8.17 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Nonvested at December 31, 2006 | | | 1,668,512 | | | $ | 8.27 | |
| | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2006, there was $8.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to nonvested options under the Plans. That cost is expected to be recognized in less than three years. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, were $12.8 million, $14.3 million and $13.3 million, respectively.
Cash received from options exercised under the Plans for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 was $20.1 million, $31.5 million and $28.1 million, respectively. The actual tax benefit for the tax deductions from option exercises totaled $6.6 million, $15.7 million and $11.9 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004. To the extent the tax deductions exceed the amount previously expensed for financial accounting purposes, the related tax benefit on the excess is credited to equity, but only if that benefit can be realized currently.
The Company recorded compensation cost of $10.1 million, $5.6 million and $2.9 million related to the restricted stock granted under the Plans for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Restricted stock activity under the Plans as of December 31, 2006 and changes during the year then ended follow:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Weighted-Average
| |
| | | | | Grant-Date
| |
| | | | | Fair Value
| |
Restricted Stock: | | Shares | | | per Share | |
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2005 | | | 582,401 | | | $ | 32.59 | |
Granted | | | 554,189 | | | | 41.09 | |
Vested | | | (170,175 | ) | | | 24.20 | |
Canceled and forfeited | | | (77,298 | ) | | | 38.13 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Nonvested at December 31, 2006 | | | 889,117 | | | $ | 39.14 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Pension Plan and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan
Through December 31, 2002, we provided a defined benefit pension plan (the “DBP Plan”) to substantially all of our employees. Employees hired prior to January 1, 2003, with one or more years of service, are entitled to annual pension benefits beginning at normal retirement age (65 years of age) equal to a formula approximating 0.9% of final average compensation multiplied by credited service (not in excess of 35 years), subject to a vesting requirement of five years of service. Our policy is to contribute the amount actuarially determined to be necessary to pay the benefits under the DBP Plan, and in no event to pay less than the amount necessary to meet the minimum funding standards of Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). Employees hired after December 31, 2002 are not eligible for the DBP Plan.
Historically, Indymac has maintained a Director Emeritus Plan (“DEP”), which provides certain retiring non-employee directors with a benefit based upon length of service as a director and the level of cash compensation for
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the three prior years. Participating directors are prohibited from competing with Bancorp or the Bank during the benefit period. The projected benefit obligation and unfunded status for the DEP was $2.1 million at December 31, 2006. Included in AOCI at December 31, 2006 is unrecognized prior service cost of $1.3 million. The estimated prior service cost that will be amortized from other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost during the year ending December 31, 2007 will be $1.0 million.
The Company adopted SFAS 158 on December 31, 2006 and the following table shows the incremental effect of applying the provisions of SFAS 158 on individual line items in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Before application
| | | | | | After Application
| |
| | of SFAS 158 | | | Adjustments | | | of SFAS 158 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Accrued pension cost | | $ | 3,802 | | | $ | 8,061 | | | $ | 11,863 | |
Accrued postretirement cost | | | — | | | | 2,067 | | | | 2,067 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 612,232 | | | | (3,960 | ) | | | 608,272 | |
Total liabilities | | | 27,460,880 | | | | 6,168 | | | | 27,467,048 | |
Other comprehensive income | | | (25,271 | ) | | | (6,168 | ) | | | (31,439 | ) |
Total Shareholders’ Equity | | | 2,034,436 | | | | (6,168 | ) | | | 2,028,268 | |
The following table sets forth the change in the pension benefit obligation, pension plan assets and accrued pension costs recognized in the accompanying balance sheets:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | | | | |
|
Change in benefit obligation | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Projected benefit obligation, beginning of year | | $ | 37,895 | | | $ | 33,794 | | | | | |
Service cost | | | 6,052 | | | | 5,946 | | | | | |
Interest cost | | | 2,301 | | | | 1,810 | | | | | |
Benefits paid including expense | | | (30 | ) | | | (41 | ) | | | | |
Actuarial loss (gain) | | | 462 | | | | (3,614 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Projected benefit obligation, end of year | | $ | 46,680 | | | $ | 37,895 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year | | $ | 28,228 | | | $ | 22,619 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year | | $ | 27,579 | | | $ | 20,149 | | | | | |
Actual return on plan assets | | | 3,427 | | | | 868 | | | | | |
Employer contributions | | | 3,841 | | | | 6,603 | | | | | |
Benefits paid including expense | | | (30 | ) | | | (41 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value of plan assets, end of year | | $ | 34,817 | | | $ | 27,579 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued pension costs recognized in balance sheet | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Funded status, end of year | | $ | (11,863 | ) | | $ | (10,316 | ) | | | | |
Unamortized prior service cost | | | — | | | | 603 | | | | | |
Unrecognized net actuarial loss | | | — | | | | 8,644 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued pension cost | | $ | (11,863 | ) | | $ | (1,069 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued pension cost is included in Other Liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
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The components of net periodic expense for the DBP Plan are as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended
| |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
Service cost | | $ | 6,052 | | | $ | 5,946 | |
Interest cost | | | 2,301 | | | | 1,810 | |
Expected return on assets | | | (2,212 | ) | | | (1,758 | ) |
Recognized actuarial loss | | | 376 | | | | 338 | |
Amortization of prior service cost | | | 56 | | | | 56 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net periodic expense | | $ | 6,573 | | | $ | 6,392 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Included in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2006 are the following amounts that have not been recognized in net periodic pension cost: unrecognized prior service costs of $0.5 million and unrecognized actuarial losses of $7.5 million. The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost for the DBP Plan that will be amortized from accumulated comprehensive income into net periodic pension expense during the year ended December 31, 2007 are $203,000 and $56,000, respectively.
The weighted average assumptions used in computing the preceding information as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended
| |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Benefit obligations: | | | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | | 6.00 | % | | | 6.00 | % |
Rate of compensation increase | | | 4.00 | % | | | 4.00 | % |
Net periodic costs: | | | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | | 6.00 | % | | | 6.00 | % |
Rate of compensation increase | | | 4.00 | % | | | 4.00 | % |
Expected return on assets | | | 7.50 | % | | | 7.50 | % |
The DBP Plan’s weighted average asset allocation as of the measurement date, by asset category, is as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended
| |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Money market | | | — | | | | — | |
Bond and mortgage | | | 32 | % | | | 35 | % |
Large cap stock index | | | 68 | % | | | 65 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
The investment goals and the allocation of the plan assets are determined jointly by the Employee Benefits Fiduciary Committee and Principal Life Insurance Company, the investment manager of the Plan. The assets of the DBP Plan are invested to provide safety through diversification in a portfolio of equity investments, common stocks, bonds and other investments which may reflect varying rates of return. Only classes or categories of investments allowed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) as acceptable investment choices are considered. The overall return objective for the portfolio is a reasonable rate on a long-term basis that would balance the benefit obligations with the appropriate asset allocation mix consistent with the risk levels established by our Employee Benefits Fiduciary Committee.
During 2006 the Company contributed $3.8 million to the DBP Plan for the 2005 plan year. We expect to make contributions of $5.3 million in 2007 for the 2006 plan year. However, the Company is evaluating strategic options to phase out the plan which will reduce the amount of contributions.
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The Company’s 2006 and 2005 pension expense was calculated based upon a number of actuarial assumptions, including an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 7.5% for both years. In developing the long-term rate of return assumption, historical asset class returns as well as expected returns were evaluated based upon broad equity and bond indices. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumes an asset allocation of approximately 68% in equity and 32% in fixed income financial instruments. The Employee Benefits Fiduciary Committee regularly reviews the asset allocation with its plan investment manager and periodically rebalances the investment mix to achieve certain investment goals when considered appropriate. Actuarial assumptions, including the expected rate of return, are reviewed at least annually, and are adjusted as necessary.
The discount rate that was utilized for determining our pension obligation and net periodic cost was based on a review of long-term bonds that received one of the two highest ratings given by a recognized rating agency. The discount rate for our pension obligation remained the same at 6.00% in 2006.
The following table indicates the benefits expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter:
| | | | |
Year | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
|
2007 | | $ | 108 | |
2008 | | | 224 | |
2009 | | | 247 | |
2010 | | | 340 | |
2011 | | | 493 | |
2012-2016 | | | 5,945 | |
| | | | |
Total | | $ | 7,357 | |
| | | | |
Defined Contribution Plan
We also offer a defined contribution plan (the “401(k) Plan”) covering substantially all of our employees. Employees with one full month of continuous service may contribute up to 40% of annual compensation to a maximum of $15,000 of pre-tax annual compensation in 2006. We may determine, at our discretion, the amount of employer matching contributions to be made. During 2006, 2005 and 2004, the Company matched, for eligible participants following the completion of one year of service, 75% of the first 3% of the annual compensation contributed by the employee and 25% of the second 3% of the annual compensation contributed by the employee to the 401(k) Plan. We contributed a total of $8.4 million, $6.3 million, and $4.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The employer matching contribution was made in cash.
NOTE 25 — SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN
Our Board of Directors adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan (the “Rights Plan”) on October 17, 2001. The Board’s purpose in adopting the Rights Plan is to protect shareholder value in the event of an unsolicited offer to acquire us, particularly one that does not provide equitable treatment to all shareholders. In connection with the adoption of the Rights Plan, we declared a distribution of one right to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Shares (“Preferred Shares”) for each outstanding share of common stock, payable to the shareholders of record on November 1, 2001. These rights automatically become associated with outstanding shares of common stock on our books, and individual shareholders need take no action with respect thereto. The rights will not become exercisable unless an investor acquires 15 percent or more of our common shares, or announces a tender offer that would result in the investor owning 15 percent or more of our common shares or makes certain regulatory filings seeking authority to acquire 15 percent or more of our common shares. If someone does acquire 15 percent or more of our common shares, or acquires us in a merger or other transaction, each right would entitle the holder, other than the investor triggering the rights and related persons, to purchase common shares, or shares of an entity that acquires us, at half of the then current market price. The Board of Directors authorized and directed the issuance of one right with respect to each common share issued thereafter until the redemption date (as defined in the Rights Agreement). The terms of the rights are set forth in the Rights Agreement between us and the Bank of New York, as Rights Agent, dated as of October 17, 2001. The rights will expire at the close of business on October 17, 2011, unless we redeem them earlier. The Preferred Shares have a par
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value of $0.01 per share, are junior to all other series of our preferred shares, and are entitled to quarterly dividends at a rate equal to the dividends paid, if any, on 100 common shares. Each one one-hundredth of a Preferred Share entitles the holder to one vote on matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders. The Rights Plan can be terminated or amended by the Board at any time.
NOTE 26 — QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA — UNAUDITED
Selected quarterly financial data follows for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31 | | | June 30 | | | September 30 | | | December 31 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | |
|
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 377,846 | | | $ | 412,211 | | | $ | 446,751 | | | $ | 514,208 | |
Interest expense | | | 250,636 | | | | 282,057 | | | | 310,040 | | | | 381,562 | |
Net interest income | | | 127,210 | | | | 130,154 | | | | 136,711 | | | | 132,646 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 3,822 | | | | 2,230 | | | | 4,988 | | | | 8,953 | |
Gain on sale of loans and securities, net | | | 138,584 | | | | 209,917 | | | | 179,193 | | | | 160,842 | |
Net earnings | | | 79,849 | | | | 104,659 | | | | 86,180 | | | | 72,241 | |
Earnings per share(1): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 1.24 | | | $ | 1.57 | | | $ | 1.25 | | | $ | 1.02 | |
Diluted | | | 1.18 | | | | 1.49 | | | | 1.19 | | | | 0.97 | |
2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 224,352 | | | $ | 239,660 | | | $ | 291,783 | | | $ | 318,560 | |
Interest expense | | | 119,178 | | | | 142,341 | | | | 178,964 | | | | 209,161 | |
Net interest income | | | 105,174 | | | | 97,319 | | | | 112,819 | | | | 109,399 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 2,490 | | | | 2,407 | | | | 3,528 | | | | 1,553 | |
Gain on sale of loans and securities, net | | | 139,676 | | | | 175,228 | | | | 151,814 | | | | 143,323 | |
Net earnings | | | 63,450 | | | | 81,714 | | | | 77,526 | | | | 70,438 | |
Earnings per share(1): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 1.03 | | | $ | 1.31 | | | $ | 1.23 | | | $ | 1.11 | |
Diluted | | | 0.98 | | | | 1.24 | | | | 1.16 | | | | 1.06 | |
| | |
(1) | | Earnings per share are computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sum of the quarterly earnings per share may not equal the total for the year. |
NOTE 27 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS — UNAUDITED
In January 2007, the Company has obtained an authorization from the Indymac Bancorp Board of Directors to purchase an additional $236.4 million of Indymac Bancorp common stock for a total current authorization of up to $300 million (see “Share Repurchase Activities” on page 15). Additionally, the Indymac Bank Board of Directors has approved the following capital raising initiatives: 1) issuing up to $500 million in non-cumulative perpetual preferred securities; and 2) issuing up to $200 million in senior subordinated debt.
On February 7, 2007, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with New York Mortgage Trust, Inc. (“NYMT”) to purchase certain assets of the retail mortgage banking platform of its wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary, The New York Mortgage Company, LLC (“NYMC”), for an estimated purchase price of approximately $13.4 million, which includes an $8 million premium to the net book value of assets being acquired. NYMC is a $2 billion retail mortgage origination business with 32 office locations primarily in New York, New England and the Mid-Atlantic. The Company will purchase substantially all of the operating assets related to NYMC’s retail mortgage banking platform, including the use The New York Mortgage Company name, and assume certain liabilities of NYMC retail platform, including certain lease liabilities and obligations under the pipeline of loan applications. The Company will hire a majority of NYMC employees and assume a portion of the retention and severance expenses associated with the transaction. The transaction is subject to customary closing requirements and is expected to close by March 31, 2007, or earlier, subject to the clearance of any required regulatory approvals.
F-51
DIRECTORS
Indymac Bancorp & Indymac Bank
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*Michael W. Perry Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
| | Patrick C. Haden General Partner Riordan, Lewis & Haden Equity Investments
| | Lydia H. Kennard Former Executive Director Los Angeles World Airports
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Louis E. Caldera Professor of Law University of New Mexico
| | Terrance G. Hodel Former President & Chief Operating Officer North American Mortgage Company
| | Senator John F. Seymour (ret.) Former Chief Executive Officer Southern California Housing Development Corporation
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*Lyle E. Gramley Senior Economic Adviser Stanford Washington Research Group
| | Robert L. Hunt II Former President & Chief Operating Officer Coast Savings Financial, Inc.
| | Bruce G. Willison Former Dean & Professor of Management University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson School of Management
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Hugh M. Grant Retired Vice Chairman Ernst & Young, LLP
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Indymac Bank
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Stuart A. Gabriel Director & Lusk Chair in Real Estate University of Southern California Lusk Center for Real Estate
| | Gabrielle E. Greene General Partner Rustic Canyon/Fontis Capital
| | *Richard H. Wohl President Indymac Bank
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EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
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*Michael W. Perry Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
| | James A. Fraser Executive Vice President Chief Executive Officer Consumer Construction Lending
| | *Raymond D. Matsumoto Executive Vice President Chief Technology Officer
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*Richard H. Wohl President Indymac Bank
| | *Gulshan Garg Executive Vice President Emerging Bank
| | Ruthann K. Melbourne Executive Vice President Chief Risk Officer
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Scott Keys Executive Vice President Chief Financial Officer
| | Kenneth R. Horner Executive Vice President Chief Administrative Officer
| | *Michelle Minier Executive Vice President Chief Executive Officer Financial Freedom
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*S. Blair Abernathy Executive Vice President Chief Investment Officer
| | Terrence O. Hughes Executive Vice President General Counsel
| | Francisco Nebot Executive Vice President Director, Corporate Finance/ Treasurer
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Ashwin Adarkar Executive Vice President Incubator and Mergers & Acquisitions
| | *Patrick A. Hymel Executive Vice President Retained Assets
| | Grosvenor G. Nichols Executive Vice President Corporate Communications & Culture
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*James M. Banks Executive Vice President Conduit Division
| | R. Patterson Jackson III Executive Vice President Chief Executive Officer Commercial Real Estate
| | John D. Olinski Executive Vice President Secondary Marketing & Retained Assets
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Brian N. Carter Executive Vice President Financial Planning and Management Accounting
| | *James R. Mahoney Chairman and Special Advisor Financial Freedom
| | Frank M. Sillman Executive Vice President Chief Executive Officer Indymac Mortgage Bank
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*Gary D. Clark Executive Vice President Chief Executive Officer Home Equity Division
| | *Pamela K. Marsh Executive Vice President Office of the Chairman and CEO
| | Scott W. Van Dellen Executive Vice President Chief Executive Officer Homebuilder Division
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Anthony L. Ebers Executive Vice President Chief Executive Officer Indymac Consumer Bank
| | Rayman K. Mathoda Executive Vice President Chief People Officer
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EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENTS
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*Drew R. Buccino Richard C. Lieber *Mark A. Mozilo
| | Mark C. Nelson *Joel M. Packer
| | Christopher Sherman Jules Vogel
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SENIOR VICE PRESIDENTS
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Anwar Akram Canise A. Arredondo James L. Barbour *Alpino Benedetti *Jeffrey M. Birdsell Gavin T. Brady Yun-ni Chen *Christina Ching *Marianne Churney Hugo J. Correa Larry Crisp Todd A. Elling Boulton A. Fernando Eric Friedman Brent H. Frost Gregory Garrabrants Molly J. Graham Samir Grover David R. Hayes *Etta M. Helm Simon Heyrick *David Hickey
| | Linda F. Hitchcock Dan Hoppes George Huffman Janice Kay Huey Christina M. Hunt-Fuhr Timothy J. Hurley Greg Ingino Leonard Israel II Barton Johnson Kurt G. Johnson Stenwyn A. Joseph Darin P. Judis Tim W. Koger Timothy J. Landwehr Rick Lieber Steven M. Majerus *Karen M. Mastro *Susan E. McGovney Robert A. Morse Ludwig Munevar Christopher T. Newkirk *Sharad Nishith
| | Jim Novack Christopher A. Pappalardo *Barbara Perez Mahesh Pratapneni John A. Quan John J. Reed William Rothman Jim Scanlan Joel A. Schiffman Steven Schwimmer Andrew J. Sciandra *Ramanupam Sen Kenneth Shellem Robert M. Spellman Gregory S. Sosnovich Ondar R. Tarlow *Walter Tharp Brian K. Vieaux Aaron D. Wade Thomas Wagner Rick Warren Marie-Therese Wynne
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* | | Asterisk denotes managers and directors that have more than 10 years of service with Indymac. |