Dawson Geophysical (DWSN) 10-Q 2024 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From                  to                 

Commission File No. 001-32472

DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas	74-2095844
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

508 West Wall, Suite 800, Midland, Texas 79701

(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: 432-684-3000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Name of Exchange on Which Registered	Trading Symbol
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	The NASDAQ Stock Market	DWSN

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧  No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧  No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Accelerated filer ☐	Large accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ☒
Non-accelerated filer ⌧	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Title of Each Class	Outstanding at August 9, 2024
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	30,906,777 shares

DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

INDEX

	Page Number
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (unaudited)	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income/Loss for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	21
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	21
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION	23
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	23
Item 1A. Risk Factors	23
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	23
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	23
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	23
Item 5. Other Information	23
Item 6. Exhibits	24
Signatures	25

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited and amounts in thousands, except share data)

	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,158	$	10,772
Restricted cash		—		5,000
Short-term investments		265		265
Accounts receivable, net		4,424		12,735
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		7,079		8,654
Total current assets		22,926		37,426
Property and equipment, net		15,082		16,508
Right-of-use assets		2,620		3,208
Intangibles, net		365		377
Total assets	$	40,993	$	57,519
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,400	$	3,883
Accrued liabilities:
Payroll costs and other taxes		2,249		3,415
Other		759		709
Deferred revenue		5,709		11,829
Current maturities of notes payable and finance leases		740		1,380
Current maturities of operating lease liabilities		1,064		1,202
Total current liabilities		13,921		22,418
Long-term liabilities:
Notes payable and finance leases, net of current maturities		1,408		1,289
Operating lease liabilities, net of current maturities		1,862		2,363
Deferred tax liabilities, net		15		15
Total long-term liabilities		3,285		3,667
Commitments and contingencies		—		—
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock-par value $1.00 per share; 4,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding		—		—
Common stock-par value $0.01 per share; 35,000,000 shares authorized,
30,906,777 and 30,812,329 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024
and December 31, 2023, respectively		309		308
Additional paid-in capital		156,860		156,678
Accumulated deficit		(131,200)		(123,640)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net		(2,182)		(1,912)
Total stockholders’ equity		23,787		31,434
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	40,993	$	57,519

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(unaudited and amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating revenues:
Fee Revenue	$	8,326	$	10,881	$	35,064	$	33,154
Reimbursable Revenue		4,186		9,338		9,032		16,473
		12,512		20,219		44,096		49,627
Operating costs:
Operating expenses
Fee operating expenses		8,499		10,568		25,995		27,215
Reimbursable operating expenses		4,186		9,338		9,032		16,473
		12,685		19,906		35,027		43,688
General and administrative		2,171		2,977		4,082		6,476
Severance expense		86		—		86		—
Depreciation and amortization		1,406		2,113		2,995		4,813
		16,348		24,996		42,190		54,977
(Loss) income from operations		(3,836)		(4,777)		1,906		(5,350)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		105		136		218		244
Interest expense		(39)		(14)		(85)		(31)
Other income (expense), net		93		143		332		195
(Loss) income before income tax		(3,677)		(4,512)		2,371		(4,942)
Current		131		(14)		(71)		(22)
Deferred		—		96		—		121
Income tax benefit (expense)		131		82		(71)		99
Net (loss) income		(3,546)		(4,430)		2,300		(4,843)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net unrealized (loss) income on foreign exchange rate translation		(110)		249		(270)		243
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(3,656)	$	(4,181)	$	2,030	$	(4,600)
Basic (loss) income per share of common stock	$	(0.12)	$	(0.18)	$	0.07	$	(0.19)
Diluted (loss) income per share of common stock	$	(0.12)	$	(0.18)	$	0.07	$	(0.19)
Weighted average equivalent common shares outstanding		30,815,443		25,000,564		30,813,886		25,000,564
Weighted average equivalent common shares outstanding - assuming dilution		30,815,443		25,000,564		30,813,886		25,000,564

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited and amounts in thousands)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	2,300	$	(4,843)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,995		4,813
Operating lease cost		576		521
Non-cash compensation		259		—
Deferred income tax benefit		—		(121)
Gain on disposal of assets		(114)		(31)
Remeasurement and other		—		(2)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease in accounts receivable		8,192		1,495
Decrease in employee retention credit receivable		—		3,035
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other assets		1,569		(1,280)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable		(139)		2,037
Decrease in accrued liabilities		(1,101)		(1,037)
Decrease in operating lease liabilities		(627)		(554)
(Decrease) increase in deferred revenue		(6,120)		1,718
Net cash provided by operating activities		7,790		5,751
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures, net of non-cash capital expenditures summarized below		(1,488)		(2,021)
Proceeds from disposal of assets		234		31
Acquisition of short-term investments		—		(1,000)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,254)		(2,990)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments on notes payable		(777)		(331)
Principal payments on finance leases		(340)		(68)
Tax withholdings related to stock based compensation awards		(76)		—
Dividends paid		(9,860)		—
Breckenridge cash distributions prior to acquisition		—		(3,055)
Net cash used in financing activities		(11,053)		(3,454)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(97)		177
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(4,614)		(516)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		15,772		23,603
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	11,158	$	23,087
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	84	$	32
Cash paid for income taxes	$	37	$	—
Non-cash operating, investing and financing activities:
Decrease in accrued purchases of property and equipment	$	(332)	$	(605)
Finance leases incurred	$	613	$	800
Increase in right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	283
Financed insurance premiums	$	—	$	440
Convertible note for asset purchase	$	—	$	9,880
Deemed distribution of Breckenridge net assets not acquired	$	—	$	2,329
Acquisition of Breckenridge net assets	$	—	$	(1,335)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited and amounts in thousands, except share data)

		Equity								Accumulated
		Attributable	Common Stock			Additional				Other
		to Breckenridge	Number			Paid-in		Accumulated		Comprehensive
		Prior to Acquisition	Of Shares	Amount		Capital		(Deficit) Income		(Loss) Income		Total
Balance January 1, 2024	$	—	30,812,329	$	308	$	156,678	$	(123,640)	$	(1,912)	$	31,434
Net income									5,846				5,846
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange rate translation											(160)		(160)
Dividends declared									(9,860)				(9,860)
Balance March 31, 2024	$	—	30,812,329	$	308	$	156,678	$	(127,654)	$	(2,072)	$	27,260
Net loss									(3,546)				(3,546)
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange rate translation											(110)		(110)
Issuance of common stock as compensation			133,850		1		258						259
Shares exchanged for taxes on stock-based compensation			(39,402)		—		(76)						(76)
Balance June 30, 2024	$	—	30,906,777	$	309	$	156,860	$	(131,200)	$	(2,182)	$	23,787

		Equity								Accumulated
		Attributable	Common Stock			Additional				Other
		to Breckenridge	Number			Paid-in		Accumulated		Comprehensive
		Prior to Acquisition	Of Shares	Amount		Capital		(Deficit) Income		(Loss) Income		Total
Balance January 1, 2023	$	7,695	23,812,329	$	238	$	155,413	$	(112,469)	$	(2,073)	$	48,804
Net (loss) income		(976)							563				(413)
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange rate translation											(6)		(6)
Issuance of stock for Breckenridge acquisition		(1,335)	1,188,235		12		2,008						685
Excess of purchase price over net assets acquired							(10,565)						(10,565)
Breckenridge cash distributions prior to acquisition		(3,055)											(3,055)
Deemed distribution of Breckenridge net assets not acquired		(2,329)											(2,329)
Balance March 31, 2023		—	25,000,564	$	250	$	146,856	$	(111,906)	$	(2,079)	$	33,121
Net loss									(4,430)				(4,430)
Unrealized income on foreign exchange rate translation											249		249
Balance June 30, 2023	$	—	25,000,564	$	250	$	146,856	$	(116,336)	$	(1,830)	$	28,940

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Dawson Geophysical Company (the “Company”) is a leading provider of North American onshore seismic data acquisition services with operations throughout the continental United States (“U.S.”) and Canada. The Company acquires and processes 2-D, 3-D and multicomponent seismic data solely for its clients, ranging from major oil and gas companies to independent oil and gas operators as well as providers of multi-client data libraries.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Certain prior period amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements may have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and applicable rules of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. have been omitted.

These condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The December 31, 2023, balance sheet information was derived from our audited financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Asset Purchase Agreement. On March 24, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Wilks Brothers, LLC (“Wilks”) and Breckenridge Geophysical, LLC (“Breckenridge”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Wilks. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company completed the purchase of substantially all of the Breckenridge assets related to seismic data acquisition services other than its multi-client data library, in exchange for a combination of equity consideration and a convertible note (the “Transaction”). While the Transaction was structured as an asset purchase, the Company’s financial presentation reflects combined results of the two companies as if the combination occurred on January 14, 2022, the date Wilks became the majority shareholder of the Company. This is due to the fact that both the Company and Breckenridge were under Wilks’ control from January 14, 2022 forward. The presentation is required as a combination of entities under common control. As part of the Purchase Agreement, in addition to the 1,188,235 shares of our common stock issued to Wilks at closing, we entered into a convertible note to deliver approximately 5.8 million shares of common stock to Wilks after the Company receives shareholder approval of the proposal to issue the shares upon conversion of the convertible note in accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635 (the “Convertible Note”). The shareholders approved conversion of the Convertible Note during a special meeting held on September 13, 2023. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Convertible Note in the amount of approximately $9.9 million was automatically converted into 5,811,765 newly-issued shares of the Company’s common stock following the requisite shareholder approval, and the Convertible Note was thereby extinguished.

The Purchase Agreement has been accounted for as a transfer of net assets between entities under common control in a manner similar to a pooling of interests. The Company’s historical consolidated financial statements include the effects on financial position, cash flows, and results of operations attributable to the activities of Breckenridge for all periods presented. The effects of transactions in Breckenridge’s equity prior to the Transaction have been presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity to demonstrate the effects of those transactions on the Company’s historical consolidated financial statements.

Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2024, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Dawson Operating LLC, Dawson

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Seismic Services Holdings, Inc., Eagle Canada, Inc., Eagle Canada Seismic Services ULC, and Exploration Surveys, Inc. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Dividends. The Company records dividends declared as an addition to accumulated deficit when declaration of such dividends is not subject to restrictions in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, or in conflict with information in the Company’s bylaws.

Allowance for Current Expected Credit Losses. The Company’s allowance for credit losses reflects its current estimate expected to be incurred over the life of the financial instrument and is determined based on a number of factors. Management determines the need for any allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable based on its review of past-due accounts, its past experience of historical write-offs, its current client base, when customer accounts exceed 90 days past due and specific customer account reviews. While the collectability of outstanding client invoices is continually assessed, the inherent volatility of the energy industry’s business cycle can cause swift and unpredictable changes in the financial stability of the Company’s clients. With the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 in 2020, the Company made an accounting policy election to write off accrued interest amounts by reversing interest income. The Company's allowance for credit losses was $250,000 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Leases. The Company leases certain vehicles, seismic recording equipment, real property and office equipment under lease agreements. The Company evaluates each lease to determine its appropriate classification as a finance lease or an operating lease for financial reporting purposes. The assets and liabilities under finance leases are recorded at the lower of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair market value of the related assets. Assets under finance leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the initial lease term. Amortization of assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. For operating leases, where readily determinable, the Company uses the implicit interest rate in determining the present value of future minimum lease payments. In the absence of an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The right-of-use assets are amortized to operating lease cost over the lease terms on a straight-line basis and is included in operating expense. Several of the Company’s leases include options to renew and the exercise of lease renewal options is primarily at the Company’s discretion.

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment is capitalized at historical cost, the fair value of assets acquired in a business combination, or historical carrying value of assets acquired from Breckenridge and is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. Management’s estimation of this useful life is based on circumstances that exist in the seismic industry and information available at the time of the purchase of the asset. As circumstances change and new information becomes available, these estimates could change. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the results of operations for the period.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets. Long-lived assets are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recognition of an impairment charge is required if future expected undiscounted net cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying value of the assets and the fair value of the assets is below the carrying value of the assets. Management’s forecast of future cash flows used to perform impairment analysis includes estimates of future revenues and expenses based on the Company’s anticipated future results while considering anticipated future oil and natural gas prices, which is fundamental in assessing demand for the Company’s services. If the carrying amounts of the assets exceed the estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of possible impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the fair value.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements. Preparation of the accompanying financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Because of the use of assumptions and estimates inherent in the reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition. Services are provided under cancelable service contracts which usually have an original expected duration of one year or less. These contracts are either “turnkey” or “term” agreements. Under both types of agreements, the Company recognizes revenues as the services are performed. Revenue is generally recognized based on square miles of data recorded compared to total square miles anticipated to be recorded on the survey using the total estimated revenue for the service contract. In the case of a cancelled service contract, the client is billed and revenue is recognized for any third party charges and square miles of data recorded up to the date of cancellation.

The Company receives reimbursements for certain out-of-pocket expenses under the terms of the service contracts. The amounts billed to clients are included at their gross amount in the total estimated revenue for the service contract.

Clients are billed as permitted by the service contract. Contract assets and contract liabilities are the result of timing differences between revenue recognition, billings and cash collections. If billing occurs prior to the revenue recognition or billing exceeds the revenue recognized, the amount is considered deferred revenue and a contract liability. Conversely, if the revenue recognition exceeds the billing,

8

the excess is considered an unbilled receivable and a contract asset. As services are performed, those deferred revenue amounts are recognized as revenue.

In some instances, third-party permitting, surveying, drilling, helicopter, equipment rental and mobilization costs that directly relate to the contract are utilized to fulfill the contract obligations. These fulfillment costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and generally amortized based on the total square miles of data recorded compared to total square miles anticipated to be recorded on the survey using the total estimated fulfillment costs for the service contract.

Estimates for total revenue and total fulfillment cost on any service contract are based on significant qualitative and quantitative judgments. Management considers a variety of factors such as whether various components of the performance obligation will be performed internally or externally, cost of third party services, and facts and circumstances unique to the performance obligation in making these estimates.

Share-based compensation. We measure and record compensation expense for share-based payment awards to employees and outside directors based on estimated grant date fair values. Grant date fair value is determined by averaging the high and low stock price on the grant date. We recognize compensation costs for awards granted over the requisite service period based on the grant date fair value in fee operating expenses and general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we granted 230,550 shares to employees with an aggregate grant date fair value of $446,000. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized expense related to the awards of $215,000 and $44,000 in fee operating expenses and general and administrative expenses, respectively. All unrecognized share based compensation will be expensed over the next 12 months. Additionally, we recognize forfeitures of share-based compensation as they occur.

Risks and Uncertainties. The Company’s ability to be profitable in the future will depend on many factors beyond its control, but primarily on the level of demand for land-based seismic data acquisition services by oil and natural gas exploration and development companies. The Company incurred net losses of $3.5 million and net income of $2.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The Company incurred net losses of $4.4 million and $4.8 million for the same periods of 2023. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had $11.2 million in cash, and a positive working capital balance of $9.0 million. We believe that our cash flows from operations, and our current financial position are adequate to fund our continued operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 seeks to improve disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and add disclosures around a reportable segment’s expenses. The updated guidance is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning January 1, 2025. The Company is evaluating the impacts of adoption, which will be limited to additional disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 seeks to improve transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. The updated guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2025. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.

3. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments in certificates of deposit, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, other current liabilities, notes payable, finance leases and operating lease liabilities. Due to the short-term maturities of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value at the respective balance sheet dates. The carrying value of the notes payable, finance leases and operating lease liabilities approximate their fair value based on a comparison with the prevailing market interest rate. Due to the short-term maturities of the Company’s investments in certificates of deposit, the carrying amounts approximate fair value at the respective balance sheet dates. The fair values of the Company’s notes payable and investments in certificates of deposit are level 2 measurements in the fair value hierarchy.

4. OPERATING SEGMENTS

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (President and Chief Executive Officer) reviews the discrete segment financial information on a geographic basis for the U.S. operations and Canada Operations. The revenue for both of the Company’s segments is

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generated by the same services, which utilize the same type of equipment and personnel. The performance of our segments is evaluated on Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as our net income (loss), before (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense or benefit, (iii) depreciation, depletion and amortization and (iv) other unusual or non-recurring charges, such as severance expenses. As a result, the Company has two reportable segments, U.S. Operations and Canada Operations.

The following tables present the Company’s income statements by operating segment (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024						Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
	USA Operations		Canada Operations		Consolidated		USA Operations		Canada Operations		Consolidated
Operating revenues
Fee revenue	$	8,321	$	5	$	8,326	$	26,608	$	8,456	$	35,064
Reimbursable revenue		4,186		—		4,186		8,995		37		9,032
		12,507		5		12,512		35,603		8,493		44,096
Operating costs:
Fee operating expenses		7,846		653		8,499		21,025		4,970		25,995
Reimbursable operating expenses		4,186		—		4,186		8,995		37		9,032
Operating expenses		12,032		653		12,685		30,020		5,007		35,027
General and administrative		1,998		173		2,171		3,740		342		4,082
Severance expense		86		—		86		86		—		86
Depreciation and amortization		1,162		244		1,406		2,467		528		2,995
		15,278		1,070		16,348		36,313		5,877		42,190
(Loss) income from operations		(2,771)		(1,065)		(3,836)		(710)		2,616		1,906
Other income (expense):
Interest income		89		16		105		188		30		218
Interest expense		(29)		(10)		(39)		(65)		(20)		(85)
Other income (expense)		112		(19)		93		357		(25)		332
(Loss) income before income tax		(2,599)		(1,078)		(3,677)		(230)		2,601		2,371
Income tax benefit (expense)		131		—		131		(71)		—		(71)
Net (loss) income		(2,468)		(1,078)		(3,546)		(301)		2,601		2,300
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net unrealized loss on foreign exchange rate translation		—		(110)		(110)		—		(270)		(270)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(2,468)	$	(1,188)	$	(3,656)	$	(301)	$	2,331	$	2,030

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	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023						Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	USA Operations		Canada Operations		Consolidated		USA Operations		Canada Operations		Consolidated
Operating revenues
Fee revenue	$	10,780	$	101	$	10,881	$	23,043	$	10,111	$	33,154
Reimbursable revenue		9,336		2		9,338		15,869		604		16,473
		20,116		103		20,219		38,912		10,715		49,627
Operating costs:
Fee operating expenses		9,643		925		10,568		19,287		7,928		27,215
Reimbursable operating expenses		9,336		2		9,338		15,869		604		16,473
Operating expenses		18,979		927		19,906		35,156		8,532		43,688
General and administrative		2,667		310		2,977		5,769		707		6,476
Severance expense		—		—		—		—		—		—
Depreciation and amortization		1,528		585		2,113		3,646		1,167		4,813
		23,174		1,822		24,996		44,571		10,406		54,977
(Loss) income from operations		(3,058)		(1,719)		(4,777)		(5,659)		309		(5,350)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		91		45		136		178		66		244
Interest expense		(10)		(4)		(14)		(22)		(9)		(31)
Other income (expense)		101		42		143		150		45		195
(Loss) income before income tax		(2,876)		(1,636)		(4,512)		(5,353)		411		(4,942)
Income tax benefit		82		—		82		99		—		99
Net (loss) income		(2,794)		(1,636)		(4,430)		(5,254)		411		(4,843)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net unrealized income on foreign exchange rate translation		—		249		249		—		243		243
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(2,794)	$	(1,387)	$	(4,181)	$	(5,254)	$	654	$	(4,600)

The following table presents the Company’s total assets (in thousands) disaggregated by operating segment:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Total Assets
United States	$	33,774	$	48,495
Canada		7,219		9,024
Total Assets	$	40,993	$	57,519

The reconciliation of the Company’s Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, is provided in the following tables (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024 US		2024 CA		2024 Consol.		2023 US		2023 CA		2023 Consol.
Net loss	$	(2,468)	$	(1,078)	$	(3,546)	$	(2,794)	$	(1,636)	$	(4,430)
Depreciation and amortization		1,162		244		1,406		1,528		585		2,113
Severance expense		86		—		86		—		—		—
Interest income, net		(60)		(6)		(66)		(81)		(41)		(122)
Income tax benefit		(131)		—		(131)		(82)		—		(82)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(1,411)	$	(840)	$	(2,251)	$	(1,429)	$	(1,092)	$	(2,521)

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024 US		2024 CA		2024 Consol.		2023 US		2023 CA		2023 Consol.
Net (loss) income	$	(301)	$	2,601	$	2,300	$	(5,254)	$	411	$	(4,843)
Depreciation and amortization		2,467		528		2,995		3,646		1,167		4,813
Severance expense		86		—		86		—		—		—
Interest income, net		(123)		(10)		(133)		(156)		(57)		(213)
Income tax expense (benefit)		71		—		71		(99)		—		(99)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	2,200	$	3,119	$	5,319	$	(1,863)	$	1,521	$	(342)

5. DEBT

Dominion Loan Agreement

On September 30, 2019, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Dominion Bank, a Texas state bank (“Dominion Bank”). On September 30, 2023, the Company entered into a Fifth Loan Modification Agreement (the “Fifth Modification Agreement”) to the Loan and Security Agreement (as amended by (i) that certain Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2020, (ii) that certain Second Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2021, (iii) that certain Third Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2022, (iv) that certain Fourth Modification Agreement dated as of March 21, 2023, and (v) the Fifth Modification Agreement, the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement provided for a secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in an amount up to the lesser of (I) an amount equal to the Borrowing Base or (II) $5 million. The Company’s obligations under the Loan Agreement were secured by a Certificate of Deposit with Dominion Bank for $5 million (the “Deposit”) in the Company’s collateral account. On May 2, 2024, the collateral deposit of $5 million was released and the Loan Agreement was terminated.

Dominion Letters of Credit

As of June 30, 2024, Dominion Bank has issued one letter of credit in the amount of $265,000 to support the Company’s workers compensation insurance. The letter of credit is secured by a certificate of deposit with Dominion Bank.

Other Indebtedness

As of June 30, 2024, the Company has one short-term note payable to a finance company for various insurance premiums totaling $133,000. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had one short-term note payable to a finance company for various insurance premiums totaling $910,000.

In addition, the Company leases certain seismic recording equipment and vehicles under leases classified as finance leases. The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, include finance leases of $2.0 million and $1.8 million, respectively.

Maturities and Interest Rates of Debt

The following tables set forth the aggregate principal amount (in thousands) under the Company’s outstanding notes payable and the interest rates as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Notes payable to finance company for insurance
Aggregate principal amount outstanding	$	133	$	910
Interest rate 8.75%

The aggregate maturities of finance leases as of June 30, 2024, are as follows (in thousands):

July 2024 - June 2025	$	607
July 2025 - June 2026		704
July 2026 - June 2027		569
July 2027 - June 2028		135
Obligations under finance leases	$	2,015

Interest rates on these leases range from 4.86% to 8.74%.

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6. LEASES

The Company leases certain vehicles, seismic recording equipment, real property and office equipment under lease agreements. The Company evaluates each lease to determine its appropriate classification as an operating lease or finance lease for financial reporting purposes. The majority of our operating leases are non-cancelable operating leases for office and shop space in Midland, Plano, Houston and Calgary, Alberta. There have been no material changes to our leases since the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024.

Maturities of lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024, are as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
July 2024 - June 2025	$	1,190	$	720
July 2025 - June 2026		1,067		775
July 2026 - June 2027		838		595
July 2027 - June 2028		56		138
Thereafter		—		—
Total payments under lease agreements		3,151		2,228
Less imputed interest		(225)		(213)
Total lease liabilities	$	2,926	$	2,015

7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

From time to time, the Company is a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the Company cannot predict the outcomes of any such legal proceedings, management believes that the resolution of pending legal actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, as the Company believes it is adequately indemnified and insured.

We are also party to the following legal proceeding: On April 1, 2019, Weatherford International, LLC and Weatherford U.S., L.P. (collectively, “Weatherford”) filed a petition in state district court for Midland County, Texas, in which the Company and eighteen other parties were named as defendants, alleging the Company and/or the other named defendants contributed to or caused contamination of groundwater at and around property owned by Weatherford. Weatherford is seeking declaratory judgment, recovery and contribution for past and future costs incurred in responding to or correcting the contamination at and around the property from each defendant. The Company disputes Weatherford’s allegations with respect to the Company and intends to vigorously defend itself in this case. Subsequent to the filing of the petition, Weatherford filed for bankruptcy protection on July 1, 2019. While the outcome and impact of this legal proceeding on the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, based on currently available information, management believes that the resolution of this proceeding will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Additionally, the Company experiences contractual disputes with its clients from time to time regarding the payment of invoices or other matters. While the Company seeks to minimize these disputes and maintain good relations with its clients, the Company has experienced in the past, and may experience in the future, disputes that could affect its revenues and results of operations in any period.

8. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic (loss) income per share is computed by dividing the net (loss) income by the weighted average shares outstanding. Diluted (loss) income per share is computed by dividing the net (loss) income by the weighted average diluted shares outstanding.

On May 6, 2024, a $0.32 per share special cash dividend on the Company’s common stock, that was declared on March 28, 2024, was paid to stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 22, 2024. The aggregate payment was approximately $9.9 million.

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The computation of basic and diluted (loss) income per share (in thousands, except share and per share data) was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net (loss) income	$	(3,546)	$	(4,430)	$	2,300	$	(4,843)
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic		30,815,443		25,000,564		30,813,886		25,000,564
Dilutive common stock options, restricted stock unit awards and restricted stock awards		—		—		—		—
Diluted		30,815,443		25,000,564		30,813,886		25,000,564
Basic (loss) income per share of common stock	$	(0.12)	$	(0.18)	$	0.07	$	(0.19)
Diluted (loss) income per share of common stock	$	(0.12)	$	(0.18)	$	0.07	$	(0.19)

The Company had a net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, and for the six months ended June 30, 2023. As a result, all stock options, restricted stock unit awards and restricted stock awards were anti-dilutive and excluded from weighted average shares used in determining the diluted loss per share of common stock for those periods. The Company had net income for the six months ended June 30, 2024, however due to stock valuation at June 30, 2024, any associated stock options, restricted stock unit awards and restricted stock awards were anti-dilutive and were excluded from weighted average shares used in determining the diluted income per share of common stock for that period.

The following weighted average numbers of stock options, restricted stock unit awards and restricted stock awards have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share of common stock, as their effect would be anti-dilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Restricted stock units		3,187		—		1,593		—
Convertible Note		—		5,811,765		—		3,178,810
Total		3,187		5,811,765		1,593		3,178,810

9. INCOME TAXES

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s effective tax rates were 3.6% and 3.0%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rates were 1.8% and 2.0% for the second quarter and first six months of 2023. The Company’s nominal effective tax rate for the periods above was due to the presence of net operating loss carryovers and adjustments to the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

The Company assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss incurred over an extended amount of time. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as projections for taxable earnings.

The Company has recorded valuation allowances against the associated deferred tax assets for the amounts it deems are not more likely than not realizable. Based on management’s belief that not all the net operating losses are realizable, a federal valuation allowance and additional state valuation allowances were maintained during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. In addition, due to the Company’s recent operating losses and valuation allowances, the Company may recognize reduced or no tax benefits on future losses on the condensed consolidated financial statements. The amount of the valuation allowances considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced or increased, or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as projections for future growth.

10. SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION

Historical financial information for Breckenridge was derived from Breckenridge’s unaudited financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the financial information of Breckenridge reflects all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. The non-cash items associated with the Purchase Agreement (unaudited and in thousands)

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shown on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consist of “Deemed distribution (contribution)” and “Acquisition of Breckenridge net assets” and are derived as follows:

Deemed Distribution (Contribution)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Deemed distribution (contribution) of short-term investments	$	1,000
Deemed distribution (contribution) of accounts receivable		1,015
Deemed distribution (contribution) of prepaids and other		1
Deemed distribution (contribution) of land and buildings		514
Deemed (distribution) contribution of accounts payable		(132)
Deemed (distribution) contribution of accrued liabilities		(69)
Deemed (distribution) contribution of deferred revenue		—
Deemed distribution of Breckenridge net assets not acquired	$	2,329

Historical Carrying Value of Assets Acquired	March 24, 2023
Accounts receivable, net	$	67
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		56
Property and equipment, net		1,322
Other accrued liabilities		(16)
Deferred revenue		(94)
Acquisition of Breckenridge net assets	$	1,335

Total consideration for the asset purchase (in thousands) is as follows:

Consideration Paid	March 24, 2023
Common stock issued	$	2,020
Note payable issued		9,880
Purchase price	$	11,900

Because the Transaction constitutes a transaction among entities under common control, the excess purchase price over the historical carrying value of the net assets acquired was recorded as a charge to additional paid in capital. The excess purchase price over the historical carrying value of the assets at the acquisition date (unaudited and in thousands) is as follows:

Excess Purchase Price	March 24, 2023
Purchase price	$	11,900
Historical carrying value of assets acquired		(1,335)
Excess purchase price	$	10,565

Deferred Costs (in thousands)

Deferred costs were $4.3 million and $5.4 million at January 1, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets at June 30, 2024 and 2023, included deferred costs incurred to fulfill contracts with customers of $3.7 million and $7.2 million, respectively.

Deferred costs at June 30, 2024, compared to January 1, 2024 decreased primarily as a result of the completion of several projects during that six month period that had deferred fulfillment costs at January 1, 2024. Deferred costs at June 30, 2023 compared to January 1, 2023 increased primarily as a result of new projects for clients with significant deferred fulfillment costs at June 30, 2023.

The amount of total deferred costs amortized for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $12.9 million and $17.6 million, respectively. There were no material impairment losses incurred during these periods.

Deferred Revenue (in thousands)

Deferred revenue was $11.8 million and $7.4 million at January 1, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s deferred revenue at June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $5.7 million and $9.1 million, respectively.

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Deferred revenue at June 30, 2024 compared to January 1, 2024 decreased primarily as a result of completing projects for clients with prepayments for third party reimbursables. Deferred revenue at June 30, 2023 compared to January 1, 2023 increased primarily as a result of new projects for clients with large third party reimbursables where data had not yet been recorded.

Revenue recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of 2024 and 2023 was $11.4 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

Accounts Receivable (in thousands)

Accounts receivable related to contracts with customers was $12.7 million and $8.0 million at January 1, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accounts receivable balance at January 1, 2023 excluded a $3.0 million employee retention credit receivable.

Accounts receivable related to contracts with customers was $4.4 million and $5.5 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Related Party Transactions

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company incurred related party expenses totaling approximately $106,000. These are charges by various commonly controlled companies of Wilks Brothers, LLC, the holder of approximately 80% of the Company’s outstanding stock. These transactions consisted of trucking charges of $97,000 and client hosting expenses of $9,000. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company received related party revenue of $14,000 for partial use of leased office space. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not have any related party transactions. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had no outstanding related party accounts payable and no outstanding related party accounts receivable.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Breckenridge incurred related party expenses totaling approximately $110,000. These charges by various commonly controlled companies of Wilks Brothers, LLC consisted of trucking charges of $60,000, management charges of $44,000, and payroll administration charges of $6,000.

11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

None.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward Looking Statements

Statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q that relate to forecasts, estimates or other expectations regarding future events, including without limitation, statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” regarding technological advancements and our financial position, business strategy, and plans and objectives of our management for future operations, may be deemed to be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). When used in this Form 10-Q, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, our status as a controlled public company, which exempts us from certain corporate governance requirements; the limited market for our common stock, which could result in the delisting of the common stock from Nasdaq; the impact of general economic, industry, market or political conditions; dependence upon energy industry spending; changes in exploration and production spending by our customers and changes in the level of oil and natural gas exploration and development; the results of operations and financial condition of our customers, particularly during extended periods of low prices for crude oil and natural gas; the volatility of oil and natural gas prices; changes in economic conditions; surplus in the supply of oil and the ability of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies, collectively known as OPEC+, to agree on and comply with supply limitations; the duration and magnitude of the unprecedented disruption in the oil and gas industry currently resulting from the impact of the foregoing factors, which is negatively impacting our business; the potential for contract delays; reductions or cancellations of service contracts; limited number of customers; credit risk related to our customers; reduced utilization; high fixed costs of operations and high capital requirements; operational challenges relating to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and certain efforts to mitigate the spread of the virus, including logistical challenges, protecting the health and well-being of our employees and remote work arrangements; industry competition; external factors affecting the Company’s crews such as weather interruptions and inability to obtain land access rights of way; whether the Company enters into turnkey or day rate contracts; crew productivity; the availability of capital resources; disruptions in the global economy, including unrest in the Middle East, export controls and financial and economic sanctions imposed on certain industry sectors and parties as a result of the developments in Ukraine and related

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activities, and whether or not a future transaction or other action occurs that causes the Company to be delisted from Nasdaq and no longer be required to make filings with the SEC. The cautionary statements made in this Form 10-Q should be read as applying to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Form 10-Q. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this paragraph. A discussion of these and other factors, including risks and uncertainties, is set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024 and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Overview

We are a leading provider of North American onshore seismic data acquisition services with operations throughout the continental U.S. and Canada. Substantially all of our revenues are derived from the seismic data acquisition services we provide to our clients. Our clients consist of major oil and gas companies, independent oil and gas operators, and providers of multi-client data libraries. In recent years, our primary customer base has consisted of providers of multi-client data libraries. Demand for our services depends upon the level of spending by these companies for exploration, production, development and field management activities, which depends, in a large part, on oil and natural gas prices. Significant fluctuations in domestic oil and natural gas exploration and development activities related to commodity prices, as we have recently experienced, have affected, and will continue to affect, demand for our services and our results of operations, and such fluctuations continue to be the single most important factor affecting our business and results of operations.

We started the quarter with two crews in the United States and dropped to one crew in late May. Our Canadian operations were seasonally halted in April, but we expect them to resume operating in the fourth quarter later this year. We reacted quickly to the softness in our calendar and reduced headcount to one crew to conserve cash during this time. We have improved our backlog and expect to have two crews deployed later in the third quarter this year. We expect to have our current equipment fully deployed through the end of the second quarter of 2025.

We expect revenue in the third quarter to be comparable to the second quarter and to significantly increase in the fourth quarter due to additional jobs scheduled in the U.S. and resumption of our Canadian operations. Bid activity in the U.S. has continued to improve.

While our revenues are mainly affected by the level of client demand for our services, our revenues are also affected by the pricing for our services that we negotiate with our clients and the productivity and utilization level of our data acquisition crews. Factors impacting productivity and utilization levels include: client demand, commodity prices, whether we enter into turnkey or dayrate contracts with our clients, the number and size of crews, the number of recording channels per crew, crew downtime related to inclement weather, delays in acquiring land access permits, agricultural or hunting activity, holiday schedules, short winter days, crew repositioning and equipment failure. To the extent we experience these factors, our operating results may be affected from quarter to quarter. Consequently, our efforts to negotiate more favorable contract terms in our supplemental service agreements, mitigate permit access delays and improve overall crew productivity may contribute to growth in our revenues.

Results of Operations

U.S. Fee Revenues. Acquisition revenues for the second quarter of 2024 decreased 22.8% to $8.3 million compared to $10.8 million for the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in crew utilization. Acquisition revenues for the first six months of 2024 increased 15.5% to $26.6 million compared to $23.0 million for the same period of 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in crew utilization.

Canadian Fee Revenues. Acquisition revenues for the second quarter of 2024 decreased 95% to $5,000 compared to $101,000 for the same period of 2023. Acquisition revenues for the first six months of 2024 decreased 16.4% to 8.5 million compared to $10.1 million for the same period of 2023. The decreases in both periods were primarily due to a seasonal decrease in crew utilization.

Total Revenues. Revenues for the second quarter of 2024 were $12.5 million compared to $20.2 million for the same period of 2023. Total revenues included a decrease of $5.2 million in reimbursable revenues. Revenues for the first six months of 2024 were $44.1 million compared to $49.6 million for the same period of 2023. Total revenues included a decrease of $7.4 million in reimbursable revenues.

U.S. Fee Operating Expenses. Acquisition expenses for the second quarter of 2024 decreased 18.6% to $7.9 million compared to $9.6 million for the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to an overall decrease in crew production and utilization during the period. Acquisition expenses for the first six months of 2024 increased 9% to $21.0 million from $19.3 million for the same period of 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in crew utilization.

Canadian Fee Operating Expenses. Acquisition expenses for the second quarter of 2024 decreased 29% to $0.7 million compared to $0.9 million for the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to an overall decrease in crew production and utilization during

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the period. Acquisition expenses for the first six months of 2024 decreased 37% to $5.0 million from $7.9 million for the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to decreased crew utilization.

Reimbursable Revenues and Costs. These revenues and expenses are passed through to our clients and are job specific and vary significantly from year to year. The costs are agreed to by our clients prior to contracting with outside vendors for the various tasks.

General and Administrative Expenses. During the second quarter of 2024, general and administrative expenses decreased 27.1% to $2.2 million compared to $3.0 million for the same period of 2023. During the first six months of 2024 general and administrative expenses decreased 37% to $4.1 million compared to $6.5 million for the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to our focus on cost reduction initiatives, a decrease in retained legal counsel and a reduction in salary expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Depreciation and amortization expenses for the second quarter and first six months of 2024 totaled $1.4 million and $3.0 million, respectively, compared to $2.1 million and $4.8 million for the same periods of 2023. Depreciation expenses decreased in 2024 compared to 2023 as a result of multiple years of reduced capital expenditures.

Total Operating Costs. Total operating costs for the second quarter of 2024 were $16.3 million, representing a 34.6% decrease from the same period of 2023. The operating costs for the first six months of 2024 were $42.2 million, representing a 23.3% decrease from the same period of 2023. The decrease in operating costs for the second quarter and first six months of 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily due to the factors described above.

Income Taxes. Income tax benefit for the second quarter of 2024 was $131,000 and income tax expense for the first six months of 2024 was $71,000, respectively, compared to income tax benefits of $82,000 and $99,000 for the same periods of 2023. These amounts represent effective tax rates of 3.6% and 3.0% for the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, compared to 1.8% and 2.0% for the same periods of 2023. The Company’s nominal effective tax rate for the periods above was due to the presence of net operating loss carryovers and adjustments to the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

Our effective tax rates differ from the statutory federal rate of 21.0% for certain items such as state and local taxes, valuation allowances, and non-deductible expenses. For further information, see Note 9 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Use of Adjusted EBITDA (a Non-GAAP measure)

We define Adjusted EBITDA as our net income (loss), before (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense or benefit, (iii) depreciation, depletion and amortization and (iv) other unusual or non-recurring charges, such as severance expenses. Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental financial measure to assess:

● the financial performance of our assets without regard to financing methods, capital structures, taxes or historical cost basis;

● our liquidity and operating performance over time in relation to other companies that own similar assets and that we believe calculate Adjusted EBITDA in a similar manner; and

● the ability of our assets to generate cash sufficient for us to pay potential interest costs.

We also understand that such data are used by investors to assess our performance. However, the terms EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not defined under GAAP, and neither EBITDA nor Adjusted EBITDA is a measure of operating income, operating performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. When assessing our operating performance or liquidity, investors and others should not consider this data in isolation or as a substitute for net income (loss), cash flow from operating activities or other cash flow data calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, or similarly titled measures utilized by other companies since such other companies may not calculate EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner as us. Further, the results presented by EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA cannot be achieved without incurring the costs that the measure excludes: interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization, and other unusual or non-recurring charges, such as severance expenses.

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The reconciliation of our Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) and to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, which are the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, are provided in the following tables (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024 US		2024 CA		2024 Consol.		2023 US		2023 CA		2023 Consol.
Net loss	$	(2,468)	$	(1,078)	$	(3,546)	$	(2,794)	$	(1,636)	$	(4,430)
Depreciation and amortization		1,162		244		1,406		1,528		585		2,113
Interest income, net		(60)		(6)		(66)		(81)		(41)		(122)
Income tax benefit		(131)		—		(131)		(82)		—		(82)
EBITDA		(1,497)		(840)		(2,337)		(1,429)		(1,092)		(2,521)
Severance expense		86		—		86		—		—		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(1,411)	$	(840)	$	(2,251)	$	(1,429)	$	(1,092)	$	(2,521)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024 US		2024 CA		2024 Consol.		2023 US		2023 CA		2023 Consol.
Net (loss) income	$	(301)	$	2,601	$	2,300	$	(5,254)	$	411	$	(4,843)
Depreciation and amortization		2,467		528		2,995		3,646		1,167		4,813
Interest income, net		(123)		(10)		(133)		(156)		(57)		(213)
Income tax expense (benefit)		71		—		71		(99)		—		(99)
EBITDA		2,114		3,119		5,233		(1,863)		1,521		(342)
Severance expense		86		—		86		—		—		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	2,200	$	3,119	$	5,319	$	(1,863)	$	1,521	$	(342)

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024 US		2024 CA		2024 Consol.		2023 US		2023 CA		2023 Consol.
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	1,302	$	4,618	$	5,920	$	(868)	$	8,439	$	7,571
Changes in working capital and other items		(2,285)		(5,408)		(7,693)		(340)		(9,485)		(9,825)
Non-cash adjustments to net loss		(514)		(50)		(564)		(221)		(46)		(267)
EBITDA		(1,497)		(840)		(2,337)		(1,429)		(1,092)		(2,521)
Severance expense		86		—		86		—		—		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(1,411)	$	(840)	$	(2,251)	$	(1,429)	$	(1,092)	$	(2,521)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024 US		2024 CA		2024 Consol.		2023 US		2023 CA		2023 Consol.
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,298	$	4,492	$	7,790	$	1,710	$	4,041	$	5,751
Changes in working capital and other items		(450)		(1,272)		(1,722)		(3,134)		(2,438)		(5,572)
Non-cash adjustments to net income (loss)		(734)		(101)		(835)		(439)		(82)		(521)
EBITDA		2,114		3,119		5,233		(1,863)		1,521		(342)
Severance expense		86		—		86		—		—		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	2,200	$	3,119	$	5,319	$	(1,863)	$	1,521	$	(342)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of cash are amounts earned from the seismic data acquisition services we provide to our clients. Our principal uses of cash are the amounts used to provide these services, including expenses related to our operations and acquiring new equipment. Accordingly, our cash position depends (as do our revenues) on the level of demand for our services. Historically, cash generated from our operations along with cash reserves have been sufficient to fund our working capital requirements and, to some extent, our capital expenditures. Management believes cash on hand and working capital are sufficient to fund operating and investing cash flow requirements.

Cash Flows. Net cash provided by operating activities was $7.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $5.8 million for the same period of 2023. This increase was primarily due to net income in 2024 compared to net loss in 2023 along with various changes in the balances of our operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities was $1.3 million and $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The decrease in cash used in investing activities between periods of $1.7 million was primarily due to a decrease in cash capital expenditures to $1.5 million for the first six months of 2024 compared to capital expenditures of $2.0 million for the same period of 2023. Additionally, in connection with the Breckenridge asset acquisition in 2023 we acquired $1.0 million of short-term investments.

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Net cash used in financing activities was $11.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and was primarily comprised of dividends paid of $9.9 million, principal payments of $0.8 million and $0.3 million under our notes payable and finance leases, respectively. Net cash used in financing activities was $3.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and was primarily comprised of principal payments of $0.3 million and $68,000 under our notes payable and finance leases, respectively. Additionally, in connection with the Breckenridge asset acquisition we had cash distributions of $3.1 million.

Capital Expenditures. The Board of Directors approved an initial 2024 capital budget in the amount of $2.5 million for capital expenditures, which was limited to necessary maintenance capital requirements and incremental recording channel replacement or increase. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we have spent $1.8 million on capital expenditures, primarily for rolling stock and maintenance capital requirements. Historically, we have funded most of our capital expenditures through cash flow from operations, cash reserves, equipment term loans and finance leases.

Capital Resources. Historically, we have primarily relied on cash flows from operations, cash reserves and borrowings from commercial banks to fund our working capital requirements.

Special Cash Dividend. Declared on March 28, 2024, the $0.32 per share special cash dividend on the Company’s common stock was paid on May 6, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 22, 2024. The aggregate payment was approximately $9.9 million.

Loan Agreement

Dominion Credit Facility. On September 30, 2019, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Dominion Bank, a Texas state bank (“Dominion Bank”). On September 30, 2023, we entered into a Fifth Loan Modification Agreement (the “Fifth Modification Agreement”) to the Loan and Security Agreement (as amended by (i) that certain Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2020, (ii) that certain Second Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2021, (iii) that certain Third Loan Modification Agreement dated as of September 30, 2022, (iv) that certain Fourth Modification Agreement dated as of March 21, 2023, and (v) the Fifth Modification Agreement, the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement provided for a secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in an amount up to the lesser of (I) an amount equal to the Borrowing Base or (II) $5 million. Our obligations under the Loan Agreement was secured by a Certificate of Deposit with Dominion Bank for $5 million (the “Deposit”) in our collateral account. On May 2, 2024, the collateral deposit of $5 million was released and the Loan Agreement was terminated.

Dominion Letters of Credit. As of June 30, 2024, Dominion Bank has issued one letter of credit in the amount of $265,000 to support our workers compensation insurance. The letter of credit is secured by a certificate of deposit with Dominion Bank.

Other Indebtedness

As of June 30, 2024, we have one short-term note payable to a finance company for various insurance premiums totaling $133,000. As of December 31, 2023, we had one short-term note payable to a finance company for various insurance premiums totaling $910,000.

In addition, we lease certain seismic recording equipment and vehicles under leases classified as finance leases. Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, include finance leases of $2.0 million and $1.8 million, respectively.

Maturities and Interest Rates of Debt

The following tables set forth the aggregate principal amount (in thousands) under our outstanding notes payable and the interest rates as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Notes payable to finance company for insurance
Aggregate principal amount outstanding	$	133	$	910
Interest rate 8.75%

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The aggregate maturities of finance leases as of June 30, 2024, are as follows (in thousands):

July 2024 - June 2025	$	607
July 2025 - June 2026		704
July 2026 - June 2027		569
July 2027 - June 2028		135
Obligations under finance leases	$	2,015

Interest rates on these leases range from 4.86% to 8.74%.

Contractual Obligations

We believe that our capital resources, including our cash on hand, short-term investments and cash flow from operations will be adequate to meet our current operational needs. We believe that we will be able to finance our 2024 capital expenditures through cash flow from operations and borrowings from commercial lenders. However, our ability to satisfy working capital requirements, meet debt repayment obligations, and fund future capital requirements will depend principally upon our future operating performance, which is subject to the risks inherent in our business, and will also depend on the extent to which the current economic climate adversely affects the ability of our customers, and/or potential customers, to promptly pay amounts owing to us under their service contracts with us.

Critical Accounting Policies

Information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates is included in Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 seeks to improve disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and add disclosures around a reportable segment’s expenses. The updated guidance is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning January 1, 2025. We are evaluating the impacts of adoption, which will be limited to additional disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 seeks to improve transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. The updated guidance is effective for us on January 1, 2025. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There has been no material change in our market risk profile during the six months ended June 30, 2024. For additional information about our market risk profile, refer to "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in Item 7A. in Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

We are exposed to certain market risks arising from the use of financial instruments in the ordinary course of business. These risks arise primarily as a result of potential changes to operating concentration of credit risk and changes in interest rates. We have not entered into any hedge arrangements, commodity swap agreements, commodity futures, options or other derivative financial instruments. We also conduct business in Canada, which subjects our results of operations and cash flows to foreign currency exchange rate risk.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive and financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, in all material respects, with regard to the recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, for information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act. Our disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under

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the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2024, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for a discussion of the Company’s legal proceedings.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which could materially affect our financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

(a) Not applicable

(b) None.

(c) During the three months ended June 30, 2024, none of the Company's directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (each as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Number	Exhibit
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation, as amended February 11, 2015, filed on March 16, 2015 as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.
3.2	Bylaws, as amended February 11, 2015, filed on March 16, 2015 as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.
3.3	Statement of Resolutions Establishing Series of Shares designated Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of Dawson Geophysical Company, filed on April 8, 2021 as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, and incorporated herein by reference.
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Dawson Geophysical Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Dawson Geophysical Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Dawson Geophysical Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
32.2**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Dawson Geophysical Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
101*	The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and included as Exhibit 101).

*         Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	DAWSON GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY
DATE: August 13, 2024	By:	/s/ William A. Clark
		William A. Clark
		President and Chief Executive Officer
DATE: August 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Ian Shaw
		Ian Shaw
		Chief Financial Officer

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