UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period March 31, 2006
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number: 1-9819 |
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia | 52-1549373 |
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
4551 Cox Road, Suite 300, Glen Allen, Virginia | 23060-6740 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
(804) 217-5800 (Registrant‘s telephone number, including area code) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes o No þ
On February 28, 2006, the registrant had 12,163,391 shares outstanding of common stock, $.01 par value, which is the registrant’s only class of common stock.
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
Page | |||
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||
Item 1. | |||
1 | |||
2 | |||
3 | |||
4 | |||
Item 2. | 12 | ||
Item 3. | 24 | ||
Item 4. | 25 | ||
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | ||
Item 1. | 26 | ||
Item 1A. | 27 | ||
Item 2. | 27 | ||
Item 3. | 28 | ||
Item 4. | 28 | ||
Item 5. | 28 | ||
Item 6. | 28 | ||
29 |
i
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
(amounts in thousands except share data)
March 31, | December 31, | ||||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 23,290 | $ | 45,235 | |||
Other assets | 4,480 | 4,332 | |||||
27,770 | 49,567 | ||||||
Investments: | |||||||
Securitized finance receivables, net | 694,086 | 722,152 | |||||
Securities | 36,271 | 24,908 | |||||
Other investments | 3,829 | 4,067 | |||||
Other loans | 5,008 | 5,282 | |||||
739,194 | 756,409 | ||||||
$ | 766,964 | $ | 805,976 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||
LIABILITIES | |||||||
Securitization financing: | |||||||
Non-recourse securitization financing | $ | 503,536 | $ | 516,578 | |||
Repurchase agreements secured by securitization financing | 120,963 | 133,104 | |||||
Repurchase agreements secured by securities | 162 | 211 | |||||
Other liabilities | 6,637 | 6,749 | |||||
631,298 | 656,642 | ||||||
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11) | |||||||
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, | |||||||
9.5% Cumulative Convertible Series D, | |||||||
4,221,539 and 5,628,737 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, | |||||||
($43,218 and $57,624 aggregate liquidation | |||||||
preference, respectively) | 41,749 | 55,666 | |||||
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, | |||||||
12,143,091 and 12,163,391 shares issued outstanding, respectively | 121 | 122 | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 366,612 | 366,903 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 504 | 140 | |||||
Accumulated deficit | (273,320 | ) | (273,497 | ) | |||
135,666 | 149,334 | ||||||
$ | 766,964 | $ | 805,976 | ||||
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. |
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DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in thousands except share data)
Three Months Ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||||
Interest income: | |||||||
Securitized finance receivables | $ | 13,886 | $ | 21,997 | |||
Securities | 546 | 1,126 | |||||
Other investments | 227 | 672 | |||||
Other loans | 107 | 258 | |||||
14,766 | 24,053 | ||||||
Interest and related expenses: | |||||||
Non-recourse securitization financing | 10,988 | 19,101 | |||||
Repurchase agreements | 1,515 | 454 | |||||
Other | (25 | ) | 41 | ||||
12,478 | 19,596 | ||||||
Net interest income | 2,288 | 4,457 | |||||
Recapture of (provision for) loan losses | 119 | (2,261 | ) | ||||
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 2,407 | 2,196 | |||||
Impairment charges | - | (87 | ) | ||||
Gain on sale of investments, net | 24 | 79 | |||||
Other income | 109 | 238 | |||||
General and administrative expenses | (1,327 | ) | (1,492 | ) | |||
Net income | 1,213 | 934 | |||||
Preferred stock charge | (1,036 | ) | (1,337 | ) | |||
Net income (loss) to common shareholders | $ | 177 | $ | (403 | ) | ||
Change in net unrealized gain/(loss) on : | |||||||
Investments classified as available-for-sale | 364 | (3,883 | ) | ||||
Hedge instruments | - | 383 | |||||
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 1,577 | $ | (2,566 | ) | ||
Net income (loss) per common share: | |||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | 0.01 | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. |
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DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in thousands)
Three Months Ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||||
Operating activities: | |||||||
Net income | $ | 1,213 | $ | 934 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to cash | |||||||
provided by operating activities: | |||||||
(Recapture of) provision for loan loss | (119 | ) | 2,261 | ||||
Impairment charges | - | 87 | |||||
Gain on sale of investments | (24 | ) | (79 | ) | |||
Amortization and depreciation | 365 | 407 | |||||
Net change in other assets and other liabilities | 75 | (721 | ) | ||||
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities | 1,510 | 2,889 | |||||
Investing activities: | |||||||
Principal payments received on investments | 27,435 | 45,831 | |||||
Purchase of securities and other investments | (16,168 | ) | (92 | ) | |||
Payments received on securities, other investments and loans | 5,883 | 12,624 | |||||
Proceeds from sales of securities and other investments | 104 | 5,168 | |||||
Other | 69 | 102 | |||||
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by investing activities | 17,323 | 63,633 | |||||
Financing activities: | |||||||
Principal payments on securitization financing | (13,009 | ) | (46,072 | ) | |||
Repayment of purchase agreement borrowings | (12,190 | ) | (11,101 | ) | |||
Retirement of common stock | (137 | ) | - | ||||
Retirement of preferred stock | (14,072 | ) | - | ||||
Dividends paid | (1,370 | ) | (1,337 | ) | |||
Net cash and cash equivalents used for financing activities | (40,778 | ) | (58,510 | ) | |||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (21,945 | ) | 8,012 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 45,235 | 52,522 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 23,290 | $ | 60,534 | |||
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. |
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DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
March 31, 2006
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)
NOTE 1 — BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, hereinafter referred to as “generally accepted accounting principles,” for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Dynex Capital, Inc. and its qualified real estate investment trust ("REIT") subsidiaries and taxable REIT subsidiary (together, “Dynex” or the “Company”). All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company consolidates entities in which it owns more than 50% of the voting equity and control does not rest with others. The Company follows the equity method of accounting for investments with greater than 20% and less than a 50% interest in partnerships and corporate joint ventures or when it is able to influence the financial and operating policies of the investee but owns less than 50% of the voting equity. For all other investments, the cost method is applied.
The Company believes it has complied with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). To the extent the Company qualifies as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, it generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the amount of its income or gain that is distributed as dividends to shareholders.
In the opinion of management, all significant adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. The financial statements presented are unaudited. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2006. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been omitted. The unaudited financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The primary estimates inherent in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are discussed below.
The Company uses estimates in establishing fair value for its financial instruments. Securities classified as available-for-sale are carried in the accompanying financial statements at estimated fair value. Estimates of fair value for securities are based on market prices provided by certain dealers, when available. When market prices are not available, fair value estimates are determined by calculating the present value of the projected cash flows of the instruments using market-based assumptions such as estimated future interest rates and estimated market spreads to applicable indices for comparable securities, and using collateral based assumptions such as prepayment rates and credit loss assumptions based on the most recent performance and anticipated performance of the underlying collateral.
The Company also has credit risk on loans in its portfolio as discussed in Note 4. An allowance for loan losses has been estimated and established for currently existing losses in the loan portfolio, which are deemed probable as to
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their occurrence. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated and adjusted periodically by management based on the actual and estimated timing and amount of probable credit losses. Provisions made to increase the allowance for loan losses are presented as provision for losses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s actual credit losses may differ from those estimates used to establish the allowance.
Certain amounts for 2005 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted in 2006.
NOTE 2 — NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE
Net income (loss) per common share is presented on both a basic and diluted per common share basis. Diluted net income (loss) per common share assumes the conversion of the convertible preferred stock into common stock, using the if-converted method and stock appreciation rights, to the extent that there are rights outstanding, using the treasury stock method, but only if these items are dilutive. The Series D preferred stock is convertible into one share of common stock for each share of preferred stock. The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator for both the basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005.
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) | Weighted-Average Number of Shares | Income (loss) | Weighted- Average Number of Shares | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 1,213 | $ | 934 | |||||||||
Preferred stock charge | (1,036 | ) | (1,337 | ) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) to common shareholders | $ | 177 | 12,161,682 | $ | (403 | ) | 12,162,391 | ||||||
Effect of dividends and additional shares of preferred stock | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Diluted | $ | 177 | 12,161,682 | $ | (403 | ) | 12,162,391 | ||||||
Net income (loss) per share: | |||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | 0.01 | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||||||||
Reconciliation of shares not included in calculation of earnings per share due to anti-dilutive effect: | |||||||||||||
Dividends and assumed conversion of Series D preferred stock | $ | 1,036 | 4,362,259 | $ | 1,337 | 5,628,737 | |||||||
Expense and incremental shares of stock appreciation rights and options | - | (93,589 | ) | - | 257 | ||||||||
$ | 1,036 | 4,268,670 | $ | 1,337 | 5,628,994 | ||||||||
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NOTE 3 — SECURITIZED FINANCE RECEIVABLES
The following table summarizes the components of securitized finance receivables at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005:
March 31, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | ||||||
Collateral: | |||||||
Commercial | $ | 556,737 | $ | 570,199 | |||
Single-family | 146,480 | 161,058 | |||||
703,217 | 731,257 | ||||||
Funds held by trustees, including funds held for defeasance | 6,604 | 6,648 | |||||
Accrued interest receivable | 5,033 | 5,114 | |||||
Unamortized discounts and premiums, net | (1,855 | ) | (1,832 | ) | |||
Loans, at amortized cost | 712,999 | 741,187 | |||||
Allowance for loan losses | (18,913 | ) | (19,035 | ) | |||
$ | 694,086 | $ | 722,152 |
The commercial securitized finance receivables are encumbered by non-recourse securitized financing. The non-recourse securitization financing bonds collateralized by the single-family loans were redeemed by the Company during 2005 and are held by the Company as of March 31, 2006. The redeemed bonds, which are eliminated from the condensed consolidated financial statements in consolidation, collateralize the repurchase agreement financing the redemption of these bonds. This repurchase agreement has been presented as securitization financing in the financial statements.
NOTE 4 — ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
The Company reserves for probable estimated credit losses on loans in its investment portfolio. The following table summarizes the aggregate activity for the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005:
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||||
Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 19,035 | $ | 28,014 | |||
(Recapture of) provision for loan losses | (119 | ) | 2,261 | ||||
Charge-offs, net of recoveries | (3 | ) | (2,594 | ) | |||
Allowance at end of period | $ | 18,913 | $ | 27,681 |
The Company identified $51,673 and $54,558 of impaired commercial mortgage loans at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. The decline is primarily due to improvements in the performance of the underlying real estate collateralizing the impaired loans. At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had approximately $35,902 and $39,758 of commercial mortgage loans that were 60 or more days delinquent.
NOTE 5 — OTHER INVESTMENTS
The following table summarizes the Company’s other investments at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005:
March 31, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | ||||||
Delinquent property tax receivable securities | $ | 3,010 | $ | 3,220 | |||
Real estate owned | 819 | 847 | |||||
$ | 3,829 | $ | 4,067 |
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Delinquent property tax receivable securities includes an unrealized gain of $214 and $55 at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. Real estate owned is acquired from foreclosures on delinquent property tax receivables. During the three months ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2005, the Company collected an aggregate of $609 and $876, respectively, on delinquent property tax receivables and securities, including net sales proceeds from related real estate owned.
NOTE 6 — SECURITIES
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s securities classified as available-for-sale, at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005:
March 31, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||
Fair Value | Effective Interest Rate | Fair Value | Effective Interest Rate | ||||||||||
Securities, available-for-sale: | |||||||||||||
Fixed-rate mortgage securities | $ | 18,132 | 6.56% | $ | 22,900 | 6.14% | |||||||
Commercial paper | 14,989 | 4.42% | - | - | |||||||||
Other securities | 2,846 | 1,602 | |||||||||||
Equity securities | 15 | 320 | |||||||||||
35,982 | 24,822 | ||||||||||||
Gross unrealized gains | 461 | 332 | |||||||||||
Gross unrealized losses | (172 | ) | (246 | ) | |||||||||
$ | 36,271 | $ | 24,908 |
NOTE 7 - OTHER LOANS
The following table summarizes Dynex’s carrying basis for other loans at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.
March 31, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | ||||||
Single-family mortgage loans | $ | 4,574 | $ | 4,825 | |||
Multifamily and commercial mortgage loan participations | 987 | 995 | |||||
5,561 | 5,820 | ||||||
Unamortized discounts | (553 | ) | (538 | ) | |||
$ | 5,008 | $ | 5,282 |
NOTE 8 - NON-RECOURSE SECURITIZATION FINANCING
Dynex, through limited-purpose finance subsidiaries, has issued bonds pursuant to indentures in the form of non-recourse securitization financing. Each series of securitization financing may consist of various classes of bonds, either at fixed or variable rates of interest. Payments received on securitized finance receivables and any reinvestment income thereon are used to make payments on the securitization financing (see Note 3). The obligations under the securitization financings are payable solely from the securitized finance receivables and are otherwise non-recourse to Dynex. The stated maturity date for each class of bonds is generally calculated based on the final scheduled payment date of the underlying collateral pledged. The actual maturity of each class will be directly affected by the rate of principal prepayments on the related collateral. Each series is also subject to redemption at Dynex’s option according to specific terms of the respective indentures. As a result, the actual maturity of any class of a series of securitization financing is likely to occur earlier than its stated maturity. If Dynex does not exercise its option to redeem a class or classes of bonds when it first has the right to do so, the interest rates on the bonds not redeemed will automatically increase by 0.30% to 2.00%.
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Dynex may retain certain bond classes of securitization financing issued, including investment grade classes, financing these retained bonds with equity. As these limited-purpose finance subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements of Dynex, such retained bonds are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements, while the associated repurchase agreements outstanding, if any, are included as recourse debt.
The components of non-recourse securitization financing along with certain other information at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are summarized as follows:
March 31, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||
Bonds Outstanding | Range of Interest Rates | Bonds Outstanding | Range of Interest Rates | ||||||||||
Fixed-rate classes | $ | 496,915 | 6.6% - 8.8% | $ | 509,923 | 6.6% - 8.8% | |||||||
Accrued interest payable | 3,355 | 3,438 | |||||||||||
Deferred costs | (15,682 | ) | (16,912 | ) | |||||||||
Unamortized net bond premium | 18,948 | 20,129 | |||||||||||
$ | 503,536 | $ | 516,578 | ||||||||||
Range of stated maturities | 2009-2028 | 2009-2028 | |||||||||||
Number of series | 3 | 3 |
At March 31, 2006, the weighted-average effective rate of the fixed rate classes was 6.8%. The average effective rate of interest for securitization financing was 6.9%, and 7.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2005, respectively.
NOTE 9 - REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Company uses repurchase agreements, which are recourse to the Company, to finance certain of its investments. The Company had repurchase agreements of $120,963 and $133,104, at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, which are collateralized by certain securitization financing bonds that were redeemed during 2005. The repurchase agreements mature monthly and have a weighted average rate of 0.10% over one-month LIBOR (4.7% at March 31, 2006). The securitization financing bonds collateralizing these repurchase agreements have a fair value of $138,864 at March 31, 2006 and pay interest at a blended rate of one-month LIBOR plus 0.31%.
Dynex also utilizes other recourse repurchase agreements to finance certain of its securities. There were $162 and $211 outstanding at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, which were collateralized by securities with a market value of $14,600 and $20,133, respectively. These repurchase agreements bear interest based on one-month LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 0.10% to 0.60%, which represented a weighted average rate of 5.0% at March 31, 2006.
NOTE 10 — PREFERRED STOCK
In January 2006, Dynex redeemed 1,407,198 shares of the outstanding 9.5% Series D Preferred Stock with cash of $14,105.
At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the total liquidation preference, which includes accrued dividends payable, on the Series D Preferred Stock was $43,218 and $57,624, respectively. There was $1,003 and $1,337 ($0.2375 per share) of accrued dividends payable on the Series D Preferred Stock at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.
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NOTE 11 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
As discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants in litigation. The following discussion is the current status of the litigation.
GLS Capital, Inc. (“GLS”), a subsidiary of the Company, and the County of Allegheny, Pennsylvania (“Allegheny County”), are defendants in a lawsuit in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (the “Court”). Plaintiffs allege that GLS illegally charged the taxpayers of Allegheny County certain attorney fees, costs and expenses, and interest in the collection of delinquent property tax receivables owned by GLS. Plaintiffs are seeking class action status. During 2005, the Court held hearings in this matter, and has not yet ruled on whether it will grant class action status in the litigation. Plaintiffs have not enumerated its damages in this matter. The Company believes that the ultimate outcome of this litigation will not have a material impact on its financial condition, but may have a material impact on reported results for the particular period presented.
The Company and Dynex Commercial, Inc. (“DCI”), formerly an affiliate of the Company and now known as DCI Commercial, Inc., are appellees (or “respondents”) in the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Judicial District of Texas at Dallas, related to the matter of Basic Capital Management et al (collectively, “BCM” or “the Plaintiffs”) versus Dynex Commercial, Inc. et al. Plaintiff’s appeal seeks to overturn a judgment in favor of the Company and DCI which denied recovery to Plaintiffs, and to have a judgment entered in favor of Plaintiffs based on a jury award for damages against the Company of $253, and against DCI for $2,200 or $25,600, all of which was set aside by the trial court. In the alternative, Plaintiffs are seeking a new trial. The Court of Appeals heard the oral argument on the matter on April 18, 2006.
On February 11, 2005, a putative class action complaint alleging violations of the federal securities laws and various state common law claims was filed against Dynex Capital, Inc., our subsidiary MERIT Securities Corporation, Stephen J. Benedetti, the Company's Executive Vice President, and Thomas H. Potts, the Company's former President and a former Director, in United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ("District Court") by the Teamsters Local 445 Freight Division Pension Fund ("Teamsters"). The lawsuit purported to be a class action on behalf of purchasers of MERIT Series 13 securitization financing bonds, which are collateralized by manufactured housing loans. On May 31, 2005, the Teamsters filed an amended class action complaint. The amended complaint dropped all state common law claims but added federal securities claims related to the MERIT Series 12 securitization financing bonds. On July 15, 2005, the defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint. On February 10, 2006, the District Court dismissed the claims against Messrs. Benedetti and Potts, but did not dismiss the claims against Dynex and MERIT. On February 24, 2006, Dynex and MERIT moved for reconsideration and interlocutory appeal of the District Court's order denying the motion to dismiss Dynex and MERIT. The Company has evaluated the allegations and believes them to be without merit and intends to continue to vigorously defend itself against them.
Although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of the above litigation, the Company believes the resolution of these lawsuits will not have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheet but could materially affect our consolidated results of operations in a given year.
NOTE 12 — STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
Pursuant to Dynex’s 2004 Stock Incentive Plan, as approved by the shareholders at Dynex’s 2005 annual shareholders’ meeting (the “Stock Incentive Plan”), Dynex may grant to eligible officers, directors and employees stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and restricted stock awards. An aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of common stock is available for distribution pursuant to the Employee Incentive Plan. Dynex may also grant dividend equivalent rights (“DERs”) in connection with the grant of options or SARs.
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Effective January 1, 2006, Dynex adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment, (SFAS 123(R)) using the modified-prospective-transition method. Under this transition method, compensation cost in 2006 includes cost for options granted prior to but not vested as of December 31, 2005, and options vested in 2006. Therefore results for prior periods have not been restated.
On January 2, 2005, Dynex granted 126,297 SARs to certain of its employees and officers under the Stock Incentive Plan. The SARs vest over the next four years in equal annual installments, expire on December 31, 2011 and have an exercise price of $7.81 per share, which was the market price of the stock on the grant date. On January 2, 2006, 31,574 shares vested.
On June 17, 2005, Dynex granted options to acquire an aggregate of 40,000 shares of common stock to the members of its Board of Directors under the Stock Incentive Plan. The options have an exercise price of $8.46 per share, which represents 110% of the closing stock price on the grant date, expire on June 17, 2010 and were fully vested when granted.
On January 12, 2006, Dynex granted 77,000 SARs to certain of its employees and officers under the Stock Incentive Plan. The SARs vest over the next four years in equal annual installments, expire on December 31, 2012 and have an exercise price of $6.61 per share, which was the market price of the stock on the grant date.
Dynex incurred expense of $145 during the three months ended March 31, 2006 for SARs and options related to the Stock Incentive Plan related to the adoption of SFAS 123(R).
The following table presents the 2005 effect on net income and earnings per share if the Company had applied the fair value method to the SARs and options granted to employees and Directors using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 | ||||
Net loss to common shareholders | $ | (403 | ) | |
Fair value method stock based compensation expense | (16 | ) | ||
Pro forma net loss to common shareholders | $ | (419 | ) | |
Net loss per common share: | ||||
Basic and diluted - as reported | $ | (0.03 | ) | |
Basic and diluted - pro forma | $ | (0.03 | ) | |
The following table presents a summary of the SAR activity for the Stock Incentive Plan:
Three Months ended | |||||||
March 31, 2006 | |||||||
Number Of Shares | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | ||||||
SARs outstanding at beginning of period | 126,297 | 7.81 | |||||
SARs granted | 77,000 | 6.61 | |||||
SARs forfeited or redeemed | - | - | |||||
SARs exercised | - | - | |||||
SARs outstanding at end of period | 203,297 | 7.36 | |||||
SARs vested and exercisable | 31,574 | 7.81 |
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The following table presents a summary of the option activity for the Stock Incentive Plan:
Three Months ended | |||||||
March 31, 2006 | |||||||
Number Of Shares | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | ||||||
Options outstanding at beginning of period | 40,000 | 8.46 | |||||
Options granted | - | - | |||||
Options forfeited or redeemed | - | - | |||||
Options exercised | - | - | |||||
Options outstanding at end of period | 40,000 | 8.46 | |||||
Options vested and exercisable | 40,000 | 8.46 |
NOTE 13 — RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In late 2005, the FASB's staff issued Staff Position (FSP) 115-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and its Application to Certain Investments. This FSP provides additional guidance on when an investment in a debt or equity security should be considered impaired and when that impairment should be considered other-than-temporary and recognized as a loss. Additionally, the FSP requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses which have not been recognized as other-than-temporary. This guidance did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements upon implementation on January 1, 2006.
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments”. Key provisions of SFAS 155 include: (1) a broad fair value measurement option for certain hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative that would otherwise require bifurcation; (2) clarification that only the simplest separations of interest payments and principal payments qualify for the exception afforded to interest-only strips and principal-only strips from derivative accounting under paragraph 14 of FAS 133 (thereby narrowing such exception); (3) a requirement that beneficial interests in securitized financial assets be analyzed to determine whether they are freestanding derivatives or whether they are hybrid instruments that contain embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation; (4) clarification that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives; and (5) elimination of the prohibition on a Qualified Special Purpose Entity (“QSPE”) holding passive derivative financial instruments that pertain to beneficial interests that are or contain a derivative financial instrument. In general, these changes will reduce the operational complexity associated with bifurcating embedded derivatives, and increase the number of beneficial interests in securitization transactions, including interest-only strips and principal-only strips, required to be accounted for in accordance with FAS 133. Management does not believe that SFAS 155 will have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.
In March 2006 the FASB issued SFAS No.156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140” (SFAS 156). This Statement amends FASB Statement No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. This Statement requires an entity to recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in certain situations and to initially measure those servicing assets and servicing liabilities at fair value, if practicable. SFAS 156 permits an entity to measure each class of separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities by either amortizing the servicing asset or liability and assessing the mortgage servicing asset or servicing liability for impairment at each reporting date. Alternatively, an entity may choose to measure the servicing asset or servicing liability at fair value at each reporting date and report changes in fair value in earnings in the period the changes occur. SFAS 156 permits, at its initial adoption, a one-time reclassification of available-for-sale securities to trading securities by entities with recognized servicing rights, without calling into question the treatment of other available-for-sale securities under Statement 115, provided that the available-for-sale securities
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are identified in some manner as offsetting the entity’s exposure to changes in fair value of servicing assets or servicing liabilities that a servicer elects to subsequently measure at fair value. This statement is effective as of the beginning of its first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact this statement may have on its financial statements.
The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2006 should be read in conjunction with the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
The Company is a specialty finance company organized as a real estate investment trust (REIT) that invests in loans and securities consisting principally of single-family residential and commercial mortgage loans. The Company finances these loans and securities through a combination of non-recourse securitization financing, repurchase agreements, and equity. Dynex employs financing in order to increase the overall yield on its invested capital.
The Company continues to focus its efforts in the near-term on managing its current investment portfolio to maximize cash flow, while evaluating longer-term opportunities for redeployment of its capital. The Company has substantial tax net operating loss carryforwards which can be used to offset future taxable income through approximately 2019.
On January 9, 2006, Dynex redeemed 1,407,198 shares of the Series D preferred stock, which represented approximately 25% of the then outstanding shares, for approximately $14.1 million in cash, which represented a redemption price of $10 per share and $33 thousand of preferred dividends that had accrued on those shares through the redemption date.
The Company also began repurchasing its common shares during the quarter under the stock repurchase plan authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company repurchased 20,300 shares of its common stock during the quarter at an average cost of $6.72 per share and may repurchase up to an additional 979,700 shares under the current Board authorization. Subject to the applicable securities laws and the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock designation, future repurchases of common stock will be made at times and in amounts as the Company deems appropriate and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations are based in large part upon its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments or uncertainties, and which may result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions, or the application of which may have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. The following are the Company’s critical accounting policies.
Consolidation of Subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements represent our accounts after the elimination of inter-company transactions. We consolidate entities in which we own more than 50% of the voting equity and control of the entity does not rest with others. We follow the equity method of accounting for investments with greater than 20% and less than a 50% interest in partnerships and corporate joint ventures or when we are able to influence the financial and operating policies of the investee but own less than 50% of the voting equity. For all other investments, the cost method is applied.
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Impairments. We evaluate all securities in our investment portfolio for other-than-temporary impairments. A security is generally defined to be other-than-temporarily impaired if, for a maximum period of three consecutive quarters, the carrying value of such security exceeds its estimated fair value and we estimate, based on projected future cash flows or other fair value determinants, that the fair value will remain below the carrying value for the foreseeable future. If an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to exist, we record an impairment charge to adjust the carrying value of the security down to its estimated fair value. In certain instances, as a result of the other-than-temporary impairment analysis, the recognition or accrual of interest will be discontinued and the security will be placed on non-accrual status.
We consider an investment to be impaired if the fair value of the investment is less than its recorded cost basis. Impairments of other investments are generally considered to be other-than-temporary when the fair value remains below the carrying value for three consecutive quarters. If the impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded in order to adjust the carrying value of the investment to its estimated value.
Allowance for Loan Losses. We have credit risk on loans pledged in securitization financing transactions and classified as securitized finance receivables in our investment portfolio. An allowance for loan losses has been estimated and established for currently existing probable losses. Factors considered in establishing an allowance include current loan delinquencies, historical cure rates of delinquent loans, and historical and anticipated loss severity of the loans as they are liquidated. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated and adjusted periodically by management based on the actual and estimated timing and amount of probable credit losses, using the above factors, as well as industry loss experience. Where loans are considered homogeneous, the allowance for losses is established and evaluated on a pool basis. Otherwise, the allowance for losses is established and evaluated on a loan-specific basis. Provisions made to increase the allowance are a current period expense to operations. Single-family loans are considered impaired when they are 60-days past due. Commercial mortgage loans are evaluated on an individual basis for impairment. Generally, a commercial loan with a debt service coverage ratio of less than one is considered impaired. However, based on a commercial loan’s details, commercial loans with a debt service ratio less than one may not be considered impaired; conversely, commercial loans with a debt service coverage ratio greater than one may be considered impaired. Certain of the commercial mortgage loans are covered by loan guarantees that limit our exposure on these loans. The level of allowance for loan losses required for these loans is reduced by the amount of applicable loan guarantees. Our actual credit losses may differ from the estimates used to establish the allowance.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Below is a discussion of the Company’s financial condition.
(amounts in thousands except per share data) | March 31, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | |||||
Investments: | |||||||
Securitized finance receivables, net | $ | 694,086 | $ | 722,152 | |||
Securities | 36,271 | 24,908 | |||||
Other investments | 3,829 | 4,067 | |||||
Other loans | 5,008 | 5,282 | |||||
Non-recourse securitization financing | 503,536 | 516,578 | |||||
Repurchase agreements secured by securitization financing bonds | 120,963 | 133,104 | |||||
Repurchase agreements secured by securities | 162 | 211 | |||||
Shareholders’ equity | 135,666 | 149,334 | |||||
Common book value per share | $ | 7.70 | $ | 7.65 |
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Securitized finance receivables. Securitized finance receivables decreased to $694.1 million at March 31, 2006 compared to $722.2 million at December 31, 2005. This decrease of $28.1 million is primarily the result of $22.1 million of unscheduled and $5.5 million of scheduled principal payments on the collateral, $0.4 million of reductions to allowance for loan losses, and $0.1 million of other items.
Securities. Securities increased during the three months ended March 31, 2006 by $11.4 million, to $36.3 million at March 31, 2006 from $24.9 million at December 31, 2005 due primarily to the purchase of $15.0 million of commercial paper, the purchase of $1.2 million of publicly traded equity securities, and an increase in the net unrealized gain on securities of $0.2 million. These increases were partially offset by principal payments of $5.1 million received on securities during the quarter.
Other investments. Other investments at March 31, 2006 consist primarily of a security collateralized by delinquent property tax receivables. Other investments decreased from $4.1 million at December 31, 2005 to $3.8 million at March 31, 2006. This decrease is primarily the result of collections on the tax liens and proceeds from the sale of real estate owned properties which totaled of $0.5 million during the quarter. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in the unrealized gain of $0.2 million on the security and $0.1 million of capitalized recoverable advances.
Other loans. Other loans decreased by $0.3 million from $5.3 million at December 31, 2005 to $5.0 million at March 31, 2006 primarily as the result of scheduled and unscheduled pay-downs during the period.
Non-recourse securitization financing. Non-recourse securitization financing decreased $13.0 million, from $516.6 million at December 31, 2005 to $503.6 million at March 31, 2006. This decrease was primarily a result of principal payments received of $13.0 million on the associated finance receivables pledged which were used to pay down the non-recourse securitization financing in accordance with the respective indentures.
Repurchase Agreements. The balance of repurchase agreements declined to $121.1 million at March 31, 2006 from $133.3 million at December 31, 2005. The decrease was due to net repayments of $12.2 during the period as a result of principal received on the underlying securities being financed.
Shareholders’ equity. Shareholders’ equity decreased to $135.7 million at March 31, 2006 from $149.3 million at December 31, 2005. This decrease was primarily the result of the redemption of 1,407,198 shares of Series D Preferred Stock and the repurchase of 20,300 shares of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2006, which contributed to a $14.2 million decrease in equity, and the preferred stock charge of $1.0 million for preferred stock dividends. These decreases were partially offset by net income of $1.2 million for the quarter and a $0.4 million increase in net unrealized gains on securities.
Supplemental Discussion of Investments
As further discussed below, the Company manages its investment portfolio on a net investment basis, consisting of the amortized cost basis or fair value of the investment less the associated external financing of the investment, if any. Below is the net basis of the Company’s investments as of March 31, 2006. Excluded from this table are cash and cash equivalents, other assets, and other liabilities.
As the cash flows received on our investments are generally subordinate to the obligations under the associated financing of the investment, the investment portfolio is evaluated and managed based on the net capital invested in that particular investment. Net capital invested is generally defined as the cost basis of the investment net of the associated financing for that investment. For securitized finance receivables, because the securitization financing is recourse only to the finance receivables pledged and is, therefore, not a general obligation of the Company, the risk on the investment in securitized finance receivables from an economic point of view is limited to the Company’s net retained investment in the securitization trust. Below is the net basis of Dynex’s investments as of March 31, 2006. Included in the table is an estimate of the fair value of the net investment. The fair value of the net investment in securitized finance receivables is based on the present value of the projected cash flow from the collateral, adjusted for the impact and assumed level of future prepayments and credit losses, less the projected principal and interest due
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on the securitization financing bonds owned by third parties. The fair value of securities is based on quotes obtained from third-party dealers, or from management estimates.
(amounts in thousands) | March 31, 2006 | ||||||||||||
Amortized cost basis | Financing | Net basis | Fair value of net basis (1) | ||||||||||
Securitized finance receivables: | |||||||||||||
Single family mortgage loans | $ | 149,117 | $ | 120,963 | $ | 28,154 | $ | 29,012 | |||||
Commercial mortgage loans | 563,882 | 503,536 | 60,346 | 39,722 | |||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (18,913 | ) | - | (18,913 | ) | - | |||||||
694,086 | 624,499 | 69,587 | 68,734 | ||||||||||
Securities: | |||||||||||||
Investment grade single-family | 17,631 | 162 | 17,469 | 17,631 | |||||||||
Non-investment grade single-family | 668 | - | 668 | 668 | |||||||||
Equity and other | 17,972 | - | 17,972 | 17,972 | |||||||||
36,271 | 162 | 36,109 | 36,271 | ||||||||||
Other loans and investments | 8,837 | - | 8,837 | 9,948 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 739,194 | $ | 624,661 | $ | 114,533 | $ | 114,953 | |||||
(1) Fair values are based on dealer quotes, and where dealer quotes are not available fair values are calculated as the net present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at 16%. Fair value also includes our capital invested in redeemed securitization financing bonds. Expected future cash flows were based on the forward LIBOR curve as of March 31, 2006, and incorporate the resetting of the interest rates on the adjustable rate assets to a level consistent with projected prevailing rates. Expected cash flows were also based on estimated prepayment speeds and credit losses on the underlying loans set forth in the table below. Increases or decreases in interest rates and index levels from those used would impact the calculation of fair value, as would differences in actual prepayment speeds and credit losses versus the assumptions set forth above.
The following table summarizes the assumptions used in estimating fair value for our net investment in securitized finance receivables and the cash flow related to those net investments at March 31, 2006.
Fair Value Assumptions | ($ in thousands) | ||||
Loan type | Weighted-average prepayment speeds | Losses | Weighted-Average Discount Rate | Projected cash flow termination date | Cash flows received in 2006 (1) |
Single-family mortgage loans | 30% CPR | 0.2% annually | 16% | Anticipated final maturity 2024 | $819 |
Commercial mortgage loans(2) | (3) | 0.8% annually | 16% | (4) | $2,263 |
(1) Represents the excess of the cash flows received on the collateral pledged over the cash flow requirements of the securitization financing bond security.
(2) Includes loans pledged to three different securitization trusts.
(3) Assumed CPR speeds generally are governed by underlying pool characteristics, prepayment lock-out provisions, and yield maintenance provisions. Loans currently delinquent in excess of 30 days are assumed liquidated in month six.
(4) Cash flow termination dates are modeled based on the repayment dates of the loans or optional redemption dates of the underlying securitization financing bonds.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended | |||||||
March 31, | |||||||
(amounts in thousands except per share information) | 2006 | 2005 | |||||
Net interest income | $ | 2,288 | $ | 4,457 | |||
Recapture of (provision for) loan losses | 119 | (2,261 | ) | ||||
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 2,407 | 2,196 | |||||
General and administrative expenses | (1,327 | ) | (1,492 | ) | |||
Net income | 1,213 | 934 | |||||
Preferred stock charge | (1,036 | ) | (1,337 | ) | |||
Net income (loss) to common shareholders | 177 | (403 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) per common share: | |||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | 0.01 | $ | (0.03 | ) |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2005. The increase in net income and net income per common share during the three months ended March 31, 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005 is primarily the result of a $2.4 million decrease in provision for loan losses offset by a decrease net interest income before provision for loan losses of $2.2 million as discussed below.
Net interest income decreased from $4.5 million to $2.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 from the same period in 2005 primarily as a result of a decline in average interest earning assets for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2006 and 2005. The decline in average earning assets was primarily due to the derecognition of two manufactured housing securitization trusts during the second quarter of 2005, which is discussed in more detail below. Net interest after provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2006 increased to $2.4 million from $2.2 million for the same period for 2005. Provision for loan losses decreased from an expense of $2.3 million for the first quarter of 2005 to a benefit of $0.1 million for the first quarter of 2006 due primarily to the Company not needing to make any additional provisions for its securitized commercial loans during the quarter and decreased delinquencies in the Company’s non-pool insured securitized single family loans.
The following table summarizes the average balances of interest-earning assets and their average effective yields, along with the average interest-bearing liabilities and the related average effective interest rates, for each of the periods presented. Assets that are on non-accrual status are excluded from the table below for each period presented.
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Average Balances and Effective Interest Rates
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||||
Average Balance | Effective Rate | Average Balance | Effective Rate | ||||||||||
Interest-earning assets:(1) | |||||||||||||
Securitized finance receivables(2) | $ | 717,445 | 7.74 | % | $ | 1,226,852 | 7.17 | % | |||||
Securities | 35,605 | 6.09 | % | 72,807 | 5.69 | % | |||||||
Cash | 17,054 | 4.15 | % | 54,200 | 2.21 | % | |||||||
Other loans | 5,184 | 8.23 | % | 7,092 | 14.53 | % | |||||||
Other investments | - | - | 7,394 | 20.14 | % | ||||||||
Total interest-earning assets | $ | 775,288 | 7.58 | % | $ | 1,368,345 | 7.00 | % | |||||
Interest-bearing liabilities: | |||||||||||||
Non-recourse securitization financing(3) | $ | 507,482 | 8.48 | % | $ | 1,147,513 | 6.49 | % | |||||
Repurchase agreements secured by securitization financing | 128,201 | 4.75 | % | - | - | ||||||||
Repurchase agreements | 194 | 4.78 | % | 69,216 | 2.62 | % | |||||||
Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 635,877 | 7.73 | % | $ | 1,216,729 | 6.27 | % | |||||
Net interest spread on all investments(3) | (0.15 | )% | 0.73 | % | |||||||||
Net yield on average interest-earning assets(3)(4) | 1.25 | % | 1.43 | % | |||||||||
(1) | Average balances exclude adjustments made in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” to record available-for-sale securities at fair value. |
(2) | Average balances exclude funds held by trustees of $6,618 and $233 for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. |
(3) | Effective rates are calculated excluding non-interest related collateralized bond expenses. If included, the effective rate on interest-bearing liabilities would be 7.85% and 6.44% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005. |
(4) | Net yield on average interest-earning assets reflects net interest income excluding non-interest related collateralized bond expenses divided by average interest earning assets for the period, annualized. |
The net interest spread decreased 88 basis points, to negative 0.15% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 from 0.73% for the same period in 2005. The net yield on average interest earning assets for the three months ended March 31, 2006 decreased relative to the same period in 2005, to 1.25% from 1.43%. The decline in the Company’s net interest spread can be attributed primarily to an increase of 146 basis points in the effective rate on interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by an increase of 58 basis points in the effective rate on interest-earning assets. Amounts for 2005 in the above table include two securitization financing trusts sold in the second quarter of 2005, and which had an effective interest-bearing liability rate of 5.24% on an average balance of $371.5 million, and had an effective interest-earning rate of 6.46% on an average balance of $386.2 million for the same period. The Company has not meaningfully reinvested the proceeds from the sale of these two securitization trusts, and therefore, the sale of these trusts which had a net interest spread of 1.19% at the time of their sale, has resulted in the overall decline in the Company’s net interest spread. In addition to the impact from the sale of these two trusts, the effective rate on interest-earning assets also declined as a result of certain securitized commercial loans being on non-accrual during the first quarter of 2006, which decreased interest income in the first quarter of 2006 by approximately $0.5 million, or 28 basis points.
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The following table summarizes the amount of change in interest income and interest expense due to changes in interest rates versus changes in volume:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 vs. 2005 | ||||||||||
(amounts in thousands) | Rate | Volume | Total | |||||||
Securitized finance receivables | $ | 1,661 | $ | (9,772 | ) | $ | (8,111 | ) | ||
Securities | 123 | (616 | ) | (493 | ) | |||||
Other investments | (186 | ) | (186 | ) | (372 | ) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 69 | (191 | ) | (122 | ) | |||||
Other loans | (93 | ) | (58 | ) | (151 | ) | ||||
Total interest income | 1,574 | (10,823 | ) | (9,249 | ) | |||||
Securitization financing | 3,086 | (9,413 | ) | (6,327 | ) | |||||
Repurchase agreements | 155 | (607 | ) | (452 | ) | |||||
Total interest expense | 3,241 | (10,020 | ) | (6,779 | ) | |||||
Net interest income | $ | (1,667 | ) | $ | (803 | ) | $ | (2,470 | ) |
Note: The change in interest income and interest expense due to changes in both volume and rate, which cannot be segregated, has been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate. This table excludes non-interest related dividends on equity securities, securitization financing expense, other interest expense and provision for credit losses.
From March 31, 2005 to March 31, 2006, average interest-earning assets declined $593 million, or approximately 43%. Approximately 65% of that decline resulted from the derecognition of two securitization trusts collateralized by manufactured housing loans. Another large portion of such reduction relates to paydowns on the Company’s adjustable-rate single-family mortgage.
Credit Exposures. The Company’s predominate securitization structure is non-recourse securitization financing, whereby loans and securities are pledged to a trust, and the trust issues bonds pursuant to an indenture. Generally these securitization structures use over-collateralization, subordination, third-party guarantees, reserve funds, bond insurance, mortgage pool insurance or any combination of the foregoing as a form of credit enhancement. From an economic point of view, the Company generally has retained a limited portion of the direct credit risk in these securities. In many instances, the Company retained the “first-loss” credit risk on pools of loans that it has securitized.
The following table summarizes the aggregate principal amount of certain investments of the Company; the direct credit exposure retained by the Company (represented by the amount of over-collateralization pledged and subordinated securities owned by the Company), net of the credit reserves and discounts maintained by the Company for such exposure; and the actual credit losses incurred for each quarter presented. Credit Exposure, Net of Credit Reserves is based on the credit risk retained by the Company for the loans and securities pledged to the securitization trust, from an economic point of view. The table includes any subordinated security retained by the Company. The Company’s Credit Exposure, Net of Credit Reserves declined from the first quarter 2005 by $7.4 million due to the sale of two securitization financing trusts where the Company had retained the credit risk and was substantially unchanged from the fourth quarter of 2005.
The table excludes other forms of credit enhancement from which the Company benefits, and based upon the performance of the underlying loans, may provide additional protection against losses. These additional protections include loss reimbursement guarantees with a remaining balance of $20.5 million and a remaining deductible aggregating $0.6 million on $19.1 million of securitized single family mortgage loans which are subject to such reimbursement agreements; guarantees aggregating $17.2 million of securitized commercial mortgage loans with an outstanding loan principal balance of $168.9 million, whereby losses on such loans would need to exceed the
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respective guarantee amount before the Company would incur credit losses; and $69.7 million of securitized single family mortgage loans which are subject to various mortgage pool insurance policies whereby losses would need to exceed the remaining stop loss of at least 92% on such policies before the Company would incur losses. This table excludes any credit exposure on unsecuritized other loans and other investments.
Credit Reserves and Actual Credit Losses
($ in millions)
Outstanding Loan Principal Balance | Credit Exposure, Net Of Credit Reserves | Actual Credit Losses | Credit Exposure, Net Of Credit Reserves To Outstanding Loan Balance | ||||||||||
2005, Quarter 1 | $ | 1,245.8 | $ | 39.4 | $ | 2.6 | 3.16 | % | |||||
2005, Quarter 2 | 828.9 | 29.0 | 0.5 | 3.50 | % | ||||||||
2005, Quarter 3 | 786.5 | 29.3 | 0.3 | 3.73 | % | ||||||||
2005, Quarter 4 | 753.2 | 31.0 | 0.0 | 4.12 | % | ||||||||
2006, Quarter 1 | 724.4 | 32.0 | 0.0 | 4.42 | % |
The following tables summarize single-family mortgage loan and commercial mortgage loan delinquencies as a percentage of the outstanding commercial securitized finance receivables balance for those securities in which we have retained a portion of the direct credit risk. The delinquencies as a percentage of all outstanding securitized finance receivables balance have increased to 7.8% at March 31, 2006 from 6.2% at March 31, 2005 primarily as a result a net addition of one delinquent commercial loan since the first quarter 2005. We monitor and evaluate our exposure to credit losses and have established reserves based upon anticipated losses, general economic conditions and trends in the investment portfolio. At March 31, 2006, management believes the level of credit reserves is appropriate for currently existing losses within these loan pools.
Single family mortgage loan delinquencies as a percentage of the outstanding loan balance decreased by approximately 0.75% to 8.25% at March 31, 2006 from 9.01% at March 31, 2005 and increased by 0.84% from 7.41% at December 31, 2005. The increase in delinquencies from December 31, 2005 is primarily due to larger mortgage loans becoming delinquent. The following table provides the percentage of delinquent single family loans.
Single-Family Loan Delinquency Statistics
December 31, | 30 to 59 days delinquent | 60 to 89 days delinquent | 90 days and over delinquent (1) | Total | |||||||||
2005, Quarter 1 | 4.43% | 1.06% | 3.52% | 9.01% | |||||||||
2005, Quarter 2 | 4.09% | 0.69% | 2.46% | 7.24% | |||||||||
2005, Quarter 3 | 3.33% | 1.43% | 2.24% | 7.00% | |||||||||
2005, Quarter 4 | 4.23% | 0.61% | 2.57% | 7.41% | |||||||||
2006, Quarter 1 | 4.50% | 0.85% | 2.90% | 8.25% |
For commercial mortgage loans, the delinquencies as a percentage of the outstanding securitized finance receivables balance have increased to 7.63% at March 31, 2006 from 6.90% at December 31, 2005 primarily due to two commercial loans which became delinquent during the quarter. Delinquencies increased from the first quarter of 2005 by 1.57% as a result of the net addition of one delinquent loan. Since the end of the first quarter of 2006, one loan in the “90 days and over delinquent” category with an unpaid principal balance of $7.8 million liquidated. In addition, a foreclosure sale on a second loan in the “90 days and over delinquent” category with a current principal balance of $23.3 million occurred in May 2006. The Company has a specific allowance of $8.2 million for this loan.
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Commercial Mortgage Loan Delinquency Statistics (1)
December 31, | 30 to 59 days delinquent | 60 to 89 days delinquent | 90 days and over delinquent (1) | Total |
2005, Quarter 1 | 0.10% | 0.20% | 5.76% | 6.06% |
2005, Quarter 2 | 0.84% | 0.71% | 5.78% | 7.33% |
2005, Quarter 3 | -% | 1.50% | 6.54% | 8.04% |
2005, Quarter 4 | -% | 0.25% | 6.65% | 6.90% |
2006, Quarter 1 | 1.25% | -% | 6.38% | 7.63% |
(1) Includes foreclosures and real estate owned.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In late 2005, the FASB's staff issued Staff Position (FSP) 115-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and its Application to Certain Investments. This FSP provides additional guidance on when an investment in a debt or equity security should be considered impaired and when that impairment should be considered other-than-temporary and recognized as a loss. Additionally, the FSP requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses which have not been recognized as other-than-temporary. This guidance did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements upon implementation on January 1, 2006.
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments”. Key provisions of SFAS 155 include: (1) a broad fair value measurement option for certain hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative that would otherwise require bifurcation; (2) clarification that only the simplest separations of interest payments and principal payments qualify for the exception afforded to interest-only strips and principal-only strips from derivative accounting under paragraph 14 of FAS 133 (thereby narrowing such exception); (3) a requirement that beneficial interests in securitized financial assets be analyzed to determine whether they are freestanding derivatives or whether they are hybrid instruments that contain embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation; (4) clarification that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives; and (5) elimination of the prohibition on a QSPE holding passive derivative financial instruments that pertain to beneficial interests that are or contain a derivative financial instrument. In general, these changes will reduce the operational complexity associated with bifurcating embedded derivatives, and increase the number of beneficial interests in securitization transactions, including interest-only strips and principal-only strips, required to be accounted for in accordance with FAS 133. Management does not believe that SFAS 155 will have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.
In March 2006 the FASB issued SFAS No.156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140” (SFAS 156). This Statement amends FASB Statement No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. This Statement requires an entity to recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in certain situations and to initially measure those servicing assets and servicing liabilities at fair value, if practicable. SFAS 156 permits an entity to measure each class of separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities by either amortizing the servicing asset or liability and assessing the mortgage servicing asset or servicing liability for impairment at each reporting date. Alternatively, an entity may choose to measure the servicing asset or servicing liability at fair value at each reporting date and report changes in fair value in earnings in the period the changes occur. SFAS 156 permits, at its initial adoption, a one-time reclassification of available-for-sale securities to trading securities by entities with recognized servicing rights, without calling into question the treatment of other available-for-sale securities under Statement 115, provided that the available-for-sale securities are identified in some manner as offsetting the entity’s exposure to changes in fair value of servicing assets or servicing liabilities that a servicer elects to subsequently measure at fair value. This statement is effective as of the beginning of its first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact this statement may have on its financial statements.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company has historically financed its operations from a variety of sources. The Company’s primary source of funding for its operations today is the cash flow generated from the investment portfolio, which includes net interest income and principal payments and prepayments on these investments. From the cash flow on our investment portfolio, the Company currently funds operating overhead costs, including the servicing of delinquent property tax receivables, pays the dividend on the Series D Preferred Stock and services any remaining recourse debt. The Company investment portfolio continues to provide positive cash flow, which can be utilized for reinvestment purposes.
Cash flow from the investment portfolio for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 was approximately $12.4 million, which includes approximately $7.7 million in principal payments on securities, including $600 thousand on the property tax receivable security. Such cash flow is after payment of principal and interest on the associated non-recourse securitization financing (i.e., non-recourse debt) outstanding.
Excluding any cash flow derived from the sale or re-securitization of assets, and assuming that short-term interest rates remain stable, the Company anticipates that the cash flow from its investment portfolio will sequentially decline in 2006 as the investment portfolio continues to pay down, absent meaningful reinvestment of capital. The Company anticipates, however, that it will have sufficient cash flow from the investment portfolio to meet all of its current obligations on both a short-term and long-term basis.
During the first quarter 2006, the Company utilized available capital to purchase $1.4 million in equity securities of other publicly-traded mortgage REITs, and purchased additional short-term cash equivalent instruments such as highly-rated commercial paper. At March 31, 2006, the Company had unused capacity on uncommitted repurchase agreement lines of approximately $17.5 million, cash and equivalents of $23.3 million, and other short-term instruments of $14.0 million. Cash flow from the investment portfolio is subject to fluctuation due to changes in interest rates, repayment rates and default rates and related losses.
The Company intends to maintain high levels of liquidity for the foreseeable future given the lack of compelling reinvestment opportunities as a result of the absolute low level of interest rates, the flat yield curve, and the historically tight spreads on fixed income instruments. Partially as a result of the lack of compelling investment opportunities, the Company redeemed 25% of its Series D Preferred Stock outstanding in January 2006. This redemption reduced the Series D Preferred Stock outstanding by approximately $14 million, saving the Company approximately $1.3 million in dividends annually. The Board of Directors of Dynex also approved the redemption of up to one million shares of common stock of Dynex, and through March 31, 2006, the Company had purchased 20,300 such shares at an average effective price of $6.72. The repurchase of shares of common stock is likely to continue if alternative uses of the capital are not available and if such repurchases are accretive to book value per common share.
The Company currently utilizes a combination of equity, securitization financing and repurchase agreement financing to finance its investment portfolio. Securitization financing is recourse only to the assets pledged as collateral to support the financing and is not otherwise recourse to the Company. The maturity of each class of securitization financing is directly affected by the rate of principal prepayments on the related collateral and is not subject to margin call risk. Each series is also subject to redemption according to specific terms of the respective indentures, generally on the earlier of a specified date or when the remaining balance of the bonds equals 35% or less of the original principal balance of the bonds. At March 31, 2006, the Company had $496.9 million of non-recourse securitization financing outstanding, all of which carries a fixed rate of interest.
Repurchase agreement financing is recourse to the assets pledged, and to the Company. Repurchase agreement financing is not committed financing to the Company, and it generally renews or rolls every 30-days. The amounts advanced to the Company by the repurchase agreement counterparty are determined largely based on the fair value of the asset pledged to the counterparty.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain written statements in this Form 10-Q made by the Company that are not historical fact constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements contained in this Item as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Report addressing the results of operations, our operating performance, events, or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including statements relating to investment strategies, net interest income growth, earnings or earnings per share growth, and market share, as well as statements expressing optimism or pessimism about future operating results, are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based upon management’s views and assumptions as of the date of this Report, regarding future events and operating performance and are applicable only as of the dates of such statements. Such forward-looking statements may
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involve factors that could cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from historical results or from any results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The Company cautions the public not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which may be based on assumptions and anticipated events that do not materialize.
Factors that may cause actual results to differ from historical results or from any results expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include the following:
Reinvestment. Asset yields today are generally lower than those assets sold or repaid, due to lower overall interest rates and more competition for these assets. We have generally been unable to find investments which have acceptable risk adjusted yields. As a result, our net interest income has been declining, and may continue to decline in the future, resulting in lower earnings per share over time. In order to maintain our investment portfolio size and our earnings, we need to reinvest a portion of the cash flows we receive into new interesting earning assets. If we are unable to find suitable reinvestment opportunities, the net interest income on our investment portfolio and investment cash flows could be negatively impacted.
Economic Conditions. We are affected by general economic conditions. An increase in the risk of defaults and credit risk resulting from an economic slowdown or recession could result in a decrease in the value of our investments and the over-collateralization associated with its securitization transactions. As a result of our being heavily invested in short-term high quality investments, a worsening economy, however, could also benefit us by creating opportunities for us to invest in assets that become distressed as a result of the worsening conditions. These changes could have an effect on our financial performance and the performance on our securitized loan pools.
Investment Portfolio Cash Flow. Cash flows from the investment portfolio fund our operations, the preferred stock dividend, and repayments of outstanding debt, and are subject to fluctuation due to changes in interest rates, repayment rates and default rates and related losses, particularly given the high degree of internal structural leverage inherent in our securitized investments. Based on the performance of the underlying assets within the securitization structure, cash flows which may have otherwise been paid to us as a result of our ownership interest may be retained within the structure. Cash flows from the investment portfolio are likely to sequentially decline until we meaningfully begin to reinvest our capital. There can be no assurances that we will be able to find suitable investment alternatives for our capital, nor can there be assurances that we will meet our reinvestment and return hurdles.
Defaults. Defaults by borrowers on loans we securitized may have an adverse impact on our financial performance, if actual credit losses differ materially from our estimates or exceed reserves for losses recorded in the financial statements. The allowance for loan losses is calculated on the basis of historical experience and management’s best estimates. Actual default rates or loss severity may differ from our estimate as a result of economic conditions. Actual defaults on adjustable-rate mortgage loans may increase during a rising interest rate environment. In addition, commercial mortgage loans are generally large dollar balance loans, and a significant loan default may have an adverse impact on our financial results. Such impact may include higher provisions for loan losses and reduced interest income if the loan is placed on non-accrual.
Interest Rate Fluctuations. Our income and cash flow depends on our ability to earn greater interest on our investments than the interest cost to finance these investments. Interest rates in the markets served by us generally rise or fall with interest rates as a whole. Approximately $600 million of our investments, including loans and securities currently pledged as securitized finance receivables and securities, are fixed-rate and approximately $129 million of our investments are variable rate. We currently finance these fixed-rate assets through $497 million of fixed rate securitization financing and $121 million of variable rate repurchase agreements. The net interest spread for these investments could decrease during a period of rapidly rising short-term interest rates, since the investments generally have interest rates which reset on a delayed basis and have periodic interest rate caps; the related borrowing has no delayed resets or such interest rate caps.
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Third-party Servicers. Our loans and loans underlying securities are serviced by third-party service providers. As with any external service provider, we are subject to the risks associated with inadequate or untimely services. Many borrowers require notices and reminders to keep their loans current and to prevent delinquencies and foreclosures. A substantial increase in our delinquency rate that results from improper servicing or loan performance in general could harm our ability to securitize our real estate loans in the future and may have an adverse effect on our earnings.
Prepayments. Prepayments by borrowers on loans we securitized may have an adverse impact on our financial performance. Prepayments are expected to increase during a declining interest rate or flat yield curve environment. Our exposure to rapid prepayments is primarily (i) the faster amortization of premium on the investments and, to the extent applicable, amortization of bond discount, and (ii) the replacement of investments in its portfolio with lower yielding investments.
Competition. The financial services industry is a highly competitive market in which we compete with a number of institutions with greater financial resources. In purchasing portfolio investments and in issuing securities, we compete with other mortgage REITs, investment banking firms, savings and loan associations, commercial banks, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, federal agencies and other entities, many of which have greater financial resources and a lower cost of capital than we do. Increased competition in the market and our competitors greater financial resources have adversely affected Dynex, and may continue to do so. Competition may also continue to keep pressure on spreads resulting in us being unable to reinvest our capital on an acceptable risk-adjusted basis.
Regulatory Changes. Our businesses as of and for the year ended December 31, 2005 were not subject to any material federal or state regulation or licensing requirements. However, changes in existing laws and regulations or in the interpretation thereof, or the introduction of new laws and regulations, could adversely affect us and the performance of our securitized loan pools or our ability to collect on our delinquent property tax receivables. We are a REIT and are required to meet certain tests in order to maintain our REIT status as described in the earlier discussion of “Federal Income Tax Considerations.” If we should fail to maintain our REIT status, we would not be able to hold certain investments and would be subject to income taxes.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Based on our current market capitalization, we do not anticipate that we will be required to be compliant with the provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in 2006. However, the measurement date for determining the compliance deadline is June 30, 2006. Failure to be compliant may result in doubt in the capital markets about the quality and adequacy of our internal disclosure controls. This could result in our having difficulty in or being unable to raise additional capital in these markets in order to finance our operations and future investments.
Other. The following risks, which are discussed in more detail in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005, could also affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows:
· | We may be unable to invest in new assets with attractive yields, and yields on new assets in which we do invest may not generate attractive yields, resulting in a decline in our earnings per share over time. |
· | Our ownership of certain subordinate interests in securitization trusts subjects us to credit risk on the underlying loans, and we provide for loss reserves on these loans as required under GAAP. |
· | Certain investments employ internal structural leverage as a result of the securitization process, and are in the most subordinate position in the capital structure, which magnifies the potential impact of adverse events on our cash flows and reported results. |
· | Our efforts to manage credit risk may not be successful in limiting delinquencies and defaults in underlying loans or losses on our investments. |
· | Prepayments of principal on our investments, and the timing of prepayments, may impact our reported earnings and our cash flows. |
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· | We finance a portion of our investment portfolio with short-term recourse repurchase agreements which subjects us to margin calls if the assets pledged subsequently decline in value. |
· | We may be subject to the risks associated with inadequate or untimely services from third-party service providers, which may harm our results of operations. |
· | Interest rate fluctuations can have various negative effects on us, and could lead to reduced earnings and/or increased earnings volatility. |
· | Our reported income depends on accounting conventions and assumptions about the future that may change. |
· | Failure to qualify as a REIT would adversely affect our dividend distributions and could adversely affect the value of our securities. |
· | Maintaining REIT status may reduce our flexibility to manage our operations. |
· | We may fail to properly conduct our operations so as to avoid falling under the definition of an investment company pursuant to the Investment Company Act of 1940. |
· | We are dependent on certain key personnel. |
Market risk generally represents the risk of loss that may result from the potential change in the value of a financial instrument due to fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates and in equity and commodity prices. Market risk is inherent to both derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, and accordingly, the scope of our market risk management extends beyond derivatives to include all market risk sensitive financial instruments. As a financial services company, net interest income comprises the primary component of Dynex’s earnings and cash flows. The Company is subject to risk resulting from interest rate fluctuations to the extent that there is a gap between the amount of the Company’s interest-earning assets and the amount of interest-bearing liabilities that are prepaid, mature or re-price within specified periods.
The Company monitors the aggregate cash flow, projected net yield and estimated market value of its investment portfolio under various interest rate and prepayment assumptions. While certain investments may perform poorly in an increasing or decreasing interest rate environment, other investments may perform well, and others may not be impacted at all.
The Company focuses on the sensitivity of its investment portfolio cash flow, and measures such sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Changes in interest rates are defined as instantaneous, parallel, and sustained interest rate movements in 100 basis point increments. The Company estimates its interest income cash flow for the next twenty-four months assuming interest rates over such time period follow the forward LIBOR curve (based on 90-day Eurodollar futures contracts) as of March 31, 2006. Once the base case has been estimated, cash flows are projected for each of the defined interest rate scenarios. Those scenario results are then compared against the base case to determine the estimated change to cash flow. Cash flow changes from interest rate swaps, caps, floors or any other derivative instrument are included in this analysis.
The following table summarizes the Company’s net interest income cash flow and market value sensitivity analyses as of March 31, 2006. These analyses represent management’s estimate of the percentage change in net interest margin cash flow and value expressed as a percentage change of shareholders’ equity, given a parallel shift in interest rates, as discussed above. Other investments are excluded from this analysis because they are not considered interest rate sensitive. The “Base” case represents the interest rate environment as it existed as of March 31, 2006. At March 31, 2006, one-month LIBOR was 4.83% and six-month LIBOR was 5.14%. The analysis is heavily dependent upon the assumptions used in the model. The effect of changes in future interest rates, the shape of the
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yield curve or the mix of assets and liabilities may cause actual results to differ significantly from the modeled results. In addition, certain financial instruments provide a degree of “optionality.” The most significant option affecting our portfolio is the borrowers’ option to prepay the loans. The model applies prepayment rate assumptions representing management’s estimate of prepayment activity on a projected basis for each collateral pool in the investment portfolio. The model applies the same prepayment rate assumptions for all five cases indicated below. The extent to which borrowers utilize the ability to exercise their option may cause actual results to significantly differ from the analysis. Furthermore, the projected results assume no additions or subtractions to our portfolio, and no change to Dynex’s liability structure. Historically, there have been significant changes in the Company’s investment portfolio and the liabilities incurred by the Company. As a result of anticipated prepayments on assets in the investment portfolio, there are likely to be such changes in the future.
Basis Point Increase (Decrease) In Interest Rates | Projected Change In Net Interest Margin Cash Flow From Base Case | Projected Change In Value, Expressed As A Percentage Of Shareholders’ Equity | |||||
+200 | (3.9)% | (1.0)% | |||||
+100 | (1.5)% | (0.4)% | |||||
Base | |||||||
-100 | 0.4% | 0.0% | |||||
-200 | 0.7% | 0.1% |
The Company’s interest rate risk is related both to the rate of change in short term interest rates and to the level of short-term interest rates. Approximately $600 million of Dynex’s investment portfolio is comprised of loans or securities that have coupon rates that are fixed. Approximately $129 million of its investment portfolio as of March 31, 2006 was comprised of loans or securities that have coupon rates which adjust over time (subject to certain periodic and lifetime limitations) in conjunction with changes in short-term interest rates. Approximately 67%, 12% and 10% of the adjustable-rate loans underlying our securitized finance receivables are indexed to and reset based upon the level of six-month LIBOR, one-year constant maturity treasury rate (CMT) and prime rate, respectively.
Generally, during a period of rising short-term interest rates, our net interest income earned and the corresponding cash flow on our investment portfolio will decrease. The decrease of the net interest spread results from (i) fixed-rate loans and investments financed with variable-rate debt, (ii) the lag in resets of the adjustable-rate loans underlying the securitized finance receivables relative to the rate resets on the associated borrowings, and (iii) rate resets on the adjustable-rate loans which are generally limited to 1% every six months or 2% every twelve months and subject to lifetime caps, while the associated borrowings have no such limitation. As to item (i), the Company has substantially limited its interest rate risk by match funding fixed rate assets and variable rate assets. As to items (ii) and (iii), as short-term interest rates stabilize and the adjustable-rate loans reset, the net interest margin may be partially restored as the yields on the adjustable-rate loans adjust to market conditions.
Net interest income may increase following a fall in short-term interest rates. This increase may be temporary as the yields on the adjustable-rate loans adjust to the new market conditions after a lag period. The net interest spread may also be increased or decreased by the proceeds or costs of interest rate swap, cap or floor agreements, to the extent that Dynex has entered into such agreements.
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the
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Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s management, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
In conducting its review of disclosure controls, management concluded that sufficient disclosure controls and procedures did exist to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
(b) Changes in internal controls.
The Company’s management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls or in other factors that could materially affect, or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. There were also no significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in such internal controls requiring corrective actions.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
As discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants in litigation. The following discussion is the current status of the litigation.
GLS Capital, Inc. (“GLS”), a subsidiary of the Company, and the County of Allegheny, Pennsylvania (“Allegheny County”), are defendants in a lawsuit in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (the “Court”). Plaintiffs allege that GLS illegally charged the taxpayers of Allegheny County certain attorney fees, costs and expenses, and interest in the collection of delinquent property tax receivables owned by GLS. Plaintiffs are seeking class action status. During 2005, the Court held hearings in this matter, and has not yet ruled on whether it will grant class action status in the litigation. Plaintiffs have not enumerated its damages in this matter. The Company believes that the ultimate outcome of this litigation will not have a material impact on its financial condition, but may have a material impact on reported results for the particular period presented.
The Company and Dynex Commercial, Inc. (“DCI”), formerly an affiliate of the Company and now known as DCI Commercial, Inc., are appellees (or “respondents”) in the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Judicial District of Texas at Dallas, related to the matter of Basic Capital Management et al (collectively, “BCM” or “the Plaintiffs”) versus Dynex Commercial, Inc. et al. Plaintiff’s appeal seeks to overturn a judgment in favor of the Company and DCI which denied recovery to Plaintiffs, and to have a judgment entered in favor of Plaintiffs based on a jury award for damages against the Company of $0.3 million, and against DCI for $2.2 million or $25.6 million, all of which was set aside by the trial court. In the alternative, Plaintiffs are seeking a new trial. The Court of Appeals heard the oral argument on the matter on April 18, 2006.
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On February 11, 2005, a putative class action complaint alleging violations of the federal securities laws and various state common law claims was filed against Dynex Capital, Inc., our subsidiary MERIT Securities Corporation, Stephen J. Benedetti, the Company's Executive Vice President, and Thomas H. Potts, the Company's former President and a former Director, in United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ("District Court") by the Teamsters Local 445 Freight Division Pension Fund ("Teamsters"). The lawsuit purported to be a class action on behalf of purchasers of MERIT Series 13 securitization financing bonds, which are collateralized by manufactured housing loans. On May 31, 2005, the Teamsters filed an amended class action complaint. The amended complaint dropped all state common law claims but added federal securities claims related to the MERIT Series 12 securitization financing bonds. On July 15, 2005, the defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint. On February 10, 2006, the District Court dismissed the claims against Messrs. Benedetti and Potts, but did not dismiss the claims against Dynex and MERIT. On February 24, 2006, Dynex and MERIT moved for reconsideration and interlocutory appeal of the District Court's order denying the motion to dismiss Dynex and MERIT. The Company has evaluated the allegations and believes them to be without merit and intends to continue to vigorously defend itself against them.
Although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of the above litigation, the Company believes the resolution of these lawsuits will not have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheet but could materially affect our consolidated results of operations in a given year.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A - Risk Factors of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 (the “Form 10-K”). The materialization of any risks and uncertainties identified in the Company’s Forward Looking Statements contained herein together with those previously disclosed in the Form 10-K or those that are presently unforeseen could result in significant adverse effects on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Forward Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
On November 15, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a common stock repurchase program under which the Company may purchase up to one million shares of its common stock. Subject to the applicable securities laws and the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock designation, future repurchases of common stock will be made at times and in amounts as the Company deems appropriate and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The following table provides common stock repurchases made by or on behalf of the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2006.
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Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan or Program | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased under the Plan or Program | |
Beginning | Ending | ||||
January 1, 2006 | January 31, 2006 | - | - | - | 1,000,000 |
February 1, 2006 | February 28, 2006 | - | - | - | 1,000,000 |
March 1, 2006 | March 31, 2006 | 20,300 | $ 6.72 | 20,300 | 979,700 |
20,300 | $ 6.72 | 20,300 | 979,700 |
None
Not applicable
None
31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 (filed herewith). |
32.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 (filed herewith). |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC. | |
Date: May 15, 2006 | /s/ Stephen J. Benedetti |
Stephen J. Benedetti | |
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer | |
(Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. | |
31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 (filed herewith). |
32.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 (filed herewith). |