variables could subject MSRs to impairment risk. On a quarterly basis, the Company engages a qualified third party to provide an estimate of the fair value of MSRs using a discounted cash flow model with assumptions and estimates based upon observable market-based data and methodology common to the mortgage servicing market. Management believes it applies reasonable assumptions under the circumstances, however, because of possible volatility in the market price of MSRs, and the vagaries of any relatively illiquid market, there can be no assurance that risk management and existing accounting practices will result in the avoidance of possible impairment charges in future periods. See also “Non-Interest Income” below and footnote 5 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company reported second quarter 2008 diluted earnings per share (EPS-diluted) at $0.01 per share compared to $0.36 for the year-ago quarter and $0.22 for the linked-quarter. Net income for the second quarter 2008 was $0.2 million versus $10.2 million a year-ago and down from $6.0 million for the linked-quarter. Year to date net income is $6.2 million or $0.22 per share. Second quarter 2008 earnings include a $12.6 million (pre-tax) provision for credit losses with net loan charge-offs of $9.9 million (pre-tax). Accordingly, the reserve for credit losses increased to a solid 1.94% of total loans at June 30, 2008, up from 1.83% and 1.43% for the linked and year-ago quarters, respectively. The heightened provision and charge-offs are mainly a result of collateral valuation declines in the residential development loan portfolio and compares to the linked-quarter provision and charge-off levels of $4.5 million and $4.2 million, respectively.
Cascade’s core earnings are presently sufficient to set aside ample reserves while maintaining strong capital levels. In addition, credit quality issues remain manageable and continue to be largely confined within the residential acquisition and development loan portfolio. Our elevated provision for credit losses and charge-offs reflect proactive recognition and valuation adjustments of challenged credits. We remain committed to our
strategy of prudently preserving capital and focusing on maintaining strong reserves against possible loan losses. In addition to a $40.0 million reserve for credit losses - which is the primary protection against anticipated loan losses - the Company’s $162.3 million in tangible capital is a safeguard against future unexpected challenges. Cascade is designated a “well-capitalized” bank according to regulatory guidelines with total risk based capital at 11.24% as of June 30, 2008, exceeding the 10% benchmark by a tax-effected margin of approximately $48.0 million.
Loan growth and credit quality
At June 30, 2008, Cascade’s loan portfolio was $2.07 billion, up 5.5% compared to a year-ago but up only slightly on a linked-quarter basis. Continuing to grow credit-worthy loans to relationship customers remains a key objective in supporting the economy of Cascade’s markets. However, management believes that overall loan growth will likely remain slow until such time as the real estate market runs its course. Because of the nature of its markets, real estate has historically represented a significant portion of the Company’s overall loan portfolio and is frequently a material component of collateral for the Company’s loans.
Cascade’s provision for credit losses was $12.6 million for the second quarter of 2008 bringing the reserve for credit losses to $40.0 million or 1.94% of total loans at period-end, up from 1.83% at year-end 2007 and 1.43% for the year-ago quarter. For the quarter ended June 30, 2008, net loan charge-offs were approximately $9.9 million or 1.93% (annualized) compared to $4.2 million or 0.81% (annualized) for the linked-quarter. Both the heightened provision and higher levels of net charge-offs were in recognition of declining valuations of collateral dependent non-performing and adversely risk rated loans mainly in the residential land acquisition and development portfolio.
Improvement was evident in loans delinquent >30 days which fell to 0.19% of total loans at June 30, 2008, or just $4.1 million compared to 0.43% for the linked-quarter and 0.47% at year-end 2007. Credit risk metrics with respect to the commercial real estate (CRE) and commercial (C&I) portfolios continue to be stable at this time.
Non-performing assets (NPA’s - including non performing loans and other real estate owned) were higher at $127.1 million, or 5.2% of total assets compared to $96.0 million or 4.0% of total assets for the linked-quarter primarily due to ongoing challenges in the Company’s residential land acquisition and development loan portfolio. The increase in NPA’s included residential development projects in Boise, Southern Oregon, and Central Oregon. See accompanying table for distribution of loans and NPA’s by region.
Other real estate owned (OREO) was $33.9 million at June 30, 2008, up from $26.6 million in the prior quarter. During the quarter the Company sold 15 OREO lots, while approximately $9.1 million in residential land development assets were added to OREO at estimated liquidation value. Nearly half of the OREO balance is an occupied Portland commercial building. The existing tenant lease payments largely replace interest income previously received on the underlying loan. The Company carries NPA’s at estimated net realizable value upon liquidation; however, because of the uncertain real estate market, no assurance can be given that the ultimate disposition of such assets will be at or above such value. Interest income reversed on non-performing loans during the quarter ended June 30, 2008, was approximately $0.7 million. The orderly resolution of non-performing loans as well as expedient disposition of OREO properties is a priority for management.
The reserve for credit losses (reserve for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments) represents management’s recognition of the assumed and present risks of extending credit and the possible inability or failure of the obligors to make repayment. The reserve is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses on loans and unfunded commitments based on management’s current assessment of a variety of current factors affecting the loan portfolio. Such factors include loss experience, review of problem loans, current economic conditions, and an overall evaluation of the quality, risk characteristics and concentration of loans in the portfolio. The Company believes its reserve is appropriate as of June 30, 2008, but going forward the reserve may change given the economic and credit situation.
As economic and related credit conditions change, the Company continues to refine its methodology to estimate the appropriate level of reserve for credit losses. In arriving at its estimate as of June 30, 2008, the Company incorporated probability of deterioration (PD) ranges for adversely risk-rated loans within the allocated portion of its reserve. The adopted PD ranges are directionally consistent and correlate with relative loan risk ratings. Accordingly, the metric more responsively affects the level of reserves based upon
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management’s judgment as to current qualitative and environmental factors within the portfolio. As the Company continues to refine its methodology management expects that the unallocated portion of the reserve will likely decline over time.
Deposit growth
Customer relationship deposits totaled $1.5 billion at June 30, 2008, down 5.7% compared to a year-ago and down 5.1% on a linked-quarter basis. This easing of customer relationship deposits reflects the ongoing economic impact of the slowing real estate activity in the communities served by Cascade. Since the peak in the real estate market, deposits in real estate related business accounts show consistent reduction in average and end of period balances while the number of customers has remained stable. Total deposits (which include jumbo CDs and brokered deposit balances) were $1.6 billion at June 30, 2008, down 11.1% compared to a year-ago and down 4.5% on a linked-quarter basis.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – Six Months and Three Months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007
Income Statement
Net Income
Net income decreased $13.5 million (or 68.4%) for the six months and decreased $10.0 million (or 98.2%) for the three months ended June 30, 2008 as compared to the same periods in 2007. These decreases were primarily due to an elevated level of loan loss provisioning for each period presented. Net interest income decreased $4.8 million for the six months and decreased $3.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, non-interest income was down slightly for both periods, meanwhile non-interest expense increased $2.8 million for the six months and increased $1.2 million for the quarter, primarily due to expenses related to other real estate owned and legal related costs.
Net Interest Income / Net Interest Margin
Second quarter 2008 net interest margin (NIM) was 4.52% compared to 4.68% for the linked-quarter, and 5.34% for the year ago quarter. Approximately one-half of the decline in NIM is a result of interest reversed on non-performing loans during the quarter, while the remaining compression was caused by the effects of sharply lower market interest rates driven by Federal Reserve Bank actions.
Yields on earning assets during the second quarter of 2008 were lower at 6.38% compared to 7.12% in the linked-quarter and down from 8.39% in the year ago quarter. Lower yields were a result of declining short term market rates as well as the effect of interest forgone and reversed on non-performing loans. Lower market rates also advantageously reduced the average cost of funds paid on interest bearing liabilities which fell to 2.37% for the current quarter as compared to 3.13% for the linked-quarter and 4.09% for the year ago quarter. The overall cost of funds (including interest bearing and non-interest bearing deposits) also improved for the second quarter of 2008 to 1.90% as compared to 2.50% in the linked-quarter and 3.13% for the year ago period.
Because one of Cascade’s strengths is its relatively high proportion of non-interest bearing deposits, lower interest rates may modestly compress the Company’s NIM as yields decline against an already low cost of funds. See cautionary “Forward Looking Statements” above and in Cascade’s Form 10-K report for further information on risk factors including interest rate risk.
Components of Net Interest Margin
The following table sets forth for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 information with regard to average balances of assets and liabilities, as well as total dollar amounts of interest income from interest-earning assets and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, resultant average yields or rates, net interest income, net interest spread, net interest margin and the ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities for the Company (dollars in thousands):
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarter ended June 30, 2008 | | Quarter ended June 30, 2007 | |
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| | Average Balance | | Interest Income/ Expense | | Average Yield or Rates | | Average Balance | | Interest Income/ Expense | | Average Yield or Rates | |
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Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Taxable securities | | $ | 81,869 | | $ | 1,068 | | | 5.23 | % | $ | 99,234 | | $ | 1,367 | | | 5.53 | % |
Non-taxable securities (1) | | | 5,975 | | | 71 | | | 4.77 | % | | 8,587 | | | 76 | | | 3.55 | % |
Interest bearing balances due from FHLB | | | — | | | — | | | 0.00 | % | | 8,502 | | | 111 | | | 5.24 | % |
Federal funds sold | | | 1,719 | | | 10 | | | 2.33 | % | | 3,670 | | | 50 | | | 5.46 | % |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | | | 10,961 | | | 49 | | | 1.79 | % | | 6,991 | | | 10 | | | 0.57 | % |
Loans (1)(2)(3)(4) | | | 2,058,327 | | | 33,168 | | | 6.46 | % | | 1,949,480 | | | 41,811 | | | 8.60 | % |
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Total earning assets/interest income | | | 2,158,851 | | | 34,366 | | | 6.38 | % | | 2,076,464 | | | 43,425 | | | 8.39 | % |
Reserve for loan losses | | | (35,880 | ) | | | | | | | | (24,394 | ) | | | | | | |
Cash and due from banks | | | 18,687 | | | | | | | | | 37,615 | | | | | | | |
Premises and equipment, net | | | 37,571 | | | | | | | | | 36,816 | | | | | | | |
Bank-owned life insurance | | | 33,674 | | | | | | | | | 32,334 | | | | | | | |
Accrued interest and other assets | | | 199,605 | | | | | | | | | 165,138 | | | | | | | |
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Total assets | | $ | 2,412,508 | | | | | | | | $ | 2,323,973 | | | | | | | |
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Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest bearing demand deposits | | $ | 888,895 | | | 3,934 | | | 1.78 | % | $ | 842,043 | | | 7,339 | | | 3.50 | % |
Savings deposits | | | 37,016 | | | 35 | | | 0.38 | % | | 41,683 | | | 51 | | | 0.49 | % |
Time deposits | | | 302,359 | | | 2,469 | | | 3.28 | % | | 371,100 | | | 4,374 | | | 4.73 | % |
Other borrowings and F&M Holdback | | | 466,901 | | | 3,576 | | | 3.07 | % | | 293,579 | | | 4,012 | | | 5.48 | % |
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Total interest bearing liabilities/interest expense | | | 1,695,171 | | | 10,014 | | | 2.37 | % | | 1,548,405 | | | 15,776 | | | 4.09 | % |
Demand deposits | | | 414,130 | | | | | | | | | 474,598 | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | 21,123 | | | | | | | | | 29,533 | | | | | | | |
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Total liabilities | | | 2,130,424 | | | | | | | | | 2,052,536 | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ equity | | | 282,084 | | | | | | | | | 271,437 | | | | | | | |
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Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 2,412,508 | | | | | | | | $ | 2,323,973 | | | | | | | |
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Net interest income | | | | | $ | 24,352 | | | | | | | | $ | 27,649 | | | | |
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Net interest spread | | | | | | | | | 4.02 | % | | | | | | | | 4.30 | % |
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Net interest income to earning assets | | | | | | | | | 4.52 | % | | | | | | | | 5.34 | % |
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(1) | Yields on tax-exempt municipal loans and securities have been stated on a tax-equivalent basis. |
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(2) | Average non-accrual loans included in the computation of average loans was approximately $81,000 for 2008 and $6,736 for 2007. |
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(3) | Loan related fees recognized during the period and included in the yield calculation totalled approximately $900 in 2008 and $1,471 in 2007. |
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(4) | Includes mortgage loans held for sale. |
Analysis of Changes in Interest Income and Expense
The following table shows the dollar amount of increase (decrease) in the Company’s consolidated interest income and expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, and attributes such variance to “volume” or “rate” changes. Variances that were immaterial have been allocated equally between rate and volume categories (dollars in thousands):
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| | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2008 compared to 2007 | |
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| | | | Amount of Change Attributed to | |
| | Total Increase (Decrease) | | |
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| | | Volume | | Rate | |
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Interest income: | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest and fees on loans | | $ | (8,643 | ) | $ | 2,334 | | $ | (10,977 | ) |
Investments and other | | | (416 | ) | | (394 | ) | | (22 | ) |
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Total interest income | | | (9,059 | ) | | 1,940 | | | (10,999 | ) |
Interest expense: | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest on deposits: | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest bearing demand | | | (3,405 | ) | | 408 | | | (3,813 | ) |
Savings | | | (16 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (10 | ) |
Time deposits | | | (1,905 | ) | | (810 | ) | | (1,095 | ) |
Other borrowings | | | (436 | ) | | 2,369 | | | (2,806 | ) |
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Total interest expense | | | (5,762 | ) | | 1,961 | | | (7,724 | ) |
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Net interest income | | $ | (3,297 | ) | $ | (21 | ) | $ | (3,275 | ) |
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Loan Loss Provision
At June 30, 2008, the reserve for credit losses (reserve for loan losses and loan commitments) was 1.94% of outstanding loans, as compared to 1.43% for the year ago period. The loan loss provision was $17.1 million for the six months and $12.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008. At this date, management believes that its reserve for credit losses is at an appropriate level under current circumstances and prevailing economic conditions. For further discussion, see “Critical Accounting Policies - Reserve for Credit Losses” above. There can be no assurance that the reserve for credit losses will be sufficient to cover actual loan related losses. See “Highlights – Loan Growth and Credit Quality” above for further discussion.
Non-Interest Income
Non-interest income decreased 2.8% for the six months and decreased 5.0% for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 compared to the year ago periods. Although service charges increased slightly in both periods presented, most all other categories experienced decreases. Residential mortgage originations totaled $36.3 million for the current quarter, down 17.5% from $44.0 million from the linked-quarter and down 29.5% from the year-ago period. Related net mortgage revenue was $0.6 million in the second quarter of 2008, relatively flat from the linked-quarter and year-ago periods. Note that the Company has focused on originating conventional mortgage products throughout its history while purposefully avoiding sub-prime / option-ARM type products. As a result, the delinquency rate within Cascade’s $511 million portfolio of serviced residential mortgage loans is only 0.47%, notably below the national mortgage delinquency rate of 6.35% at June 30, 2008.
Non-Interest Expense
Non-interest expense for the six months was up 8.9% year-over-year but down 3.5% on a linked quarter basis. The 2008 increase was mainly due to higher OREO and related legal costs. Management anticipates that aside from possible OREO related charges, non interest expense growth should be very modest for the balance of 2008. The Company has seen a reduction in FTE headcount in tandem with slowing volumes. FTE was 511 at June 30, 2008, compared to 525 at March 31, 2008, and 559 at year-end 2007.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense decreased 68.4% for the six months and decreased 104.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the year ago periods, primarily as a result of lower pre-tax income. The credit balance in taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2008, was primarily due to the effects of non taxable interest income and a non-recurring favorable adjustment of approximately $.2 million related to tax-advantaged affordable housing and energy tax credits.
Financial Condition
Balance Sheet Overview
At June 30, 2008 total assets increased 2.1% to $2.4 billion compared to $2.3 billion at December 31, 2007, primarily due to an increase in loans and OREO. This growth was funded primarily by an increase in federal funds purchased and other borrowings. The increase in borrowings was also a result of
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lower deposit balances (primarily interest bearing demand) related to the slowing of the real estate economy.
The Company had no material off balance sheet derivative financial instruments as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
Capital Resources
The Company’s total stockholders’ equity at June 30, 2008 was $276.0 million, an increase of $.7 million from December 31, 2007. The increase primarily resulted from net income for the six months ended June 30, 2008 of $6.2 million, less cash dividends paid to shareholders of $5.6 million during the same period. In addition, at June 30, 2008 the Company had accumulated other comprehensive income of approximately $.1 million.
The Company and Bank continue to exceed the regulatory benchmarks for ‘well capitalized’ institutions. At June 30, 2008, the Company’s Tier 1 and total risked-based capital ratios were 10.03% and 11.29%, respectively. The FRB’s minimum risk-based capital ratio guidelines for Tier 1 and total capital are 4% and 8%, respectively.
From time to time the Company may determine that it is appropriate to raise additional capital to maintain an appropriate level of capital, improve its financial condition, or to take advantage of possible future opportunities. The ability to raise capital may depend upon market and economic circumstances. Accordingly no assurance can be given that possible capital transactions will be available or will be available on terms that are favorable to the Company. In the case of equity financings, dilution to the Company’s shareholders could result while debt financing could also negatively affect future earnings due to interest charges.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
A summary of the Bank’s off-balance sheet commitments at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 is included in the following table (dollars in thousands):
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| | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 | |
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Commitments to extend credit | | $ | 609,824 | | $ | 669,336 | |
Commitments under credit card lines of credit | | | 29,986 | | | 30,490 | |
Standby letters of credit | | | 16,975 | | | 27,602 | |
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Total off-balance sheet financial instruments | | $ | 656,785 | | $ | 727,428 | |
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Liquidity and Sources of Funds
Bancorp is a holding company and its primary sources of liquidity are the dividends received from the Bank. Banking regulations may limit the amount of the dividend that the Bank may pay to the Bancorp. In addition, Bancorp receives cash from the exercise of incentive stock options and the issuance of trust preferred securities. As of June 30, 2008, Bancorp did not have any borrowing arrangements of its own. If the Company desires to raise funds in the future management may consider engaging in further offerings of trust preferred securities, debentures or other borrowings as well as issuance of capital stock.
The objective of the Bank’s liquidity management is to maintain ample cash flows to meet obligations for depositor withdrawals, fund the borrowing needs of loan customers, and to fund ongoing operations. Core relationship deposits are the primary source of the Bank’s liquidity. As such, the Bank focuses on deposit relationships with local business and consumer clients who maintain multiple accounts and services at the Bank. Management views such deposits as the foundation of its long-term liquidity because it believes such core deposits are more stable and less sensitive to changing interest rates and other economic factors compared to large time deposits or wholesale purchased funds. The Bank’s customer relationship strategy has resulted in a relatively higher percentage of its deposits being held in checking and money market accounts, and a lesser percentage in time deposits. Over the past several quarters customer relationship deposits have declined in tandem with the slowing economy. Accordingly the Bank has increased its overall use of wholesale funding sources and anticipates that such will be the case until the economy rebounds.
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A further source of funds and liquidity is the Bank’s capability to borrow from reliable counterparties. Borrowings may be used on a long or short-term basis to compensate for reduction in other sources of funds or on a long term basis to support lending activities. The Bank utilizes its investment securities, certain loans and FHLB Stock to provide collateral to support its borrowing needs. Diversified and reliable sources of wholesale funds are utilized to augment core deposit funding. Policy requires the analysis and testing of such sources to ensure ample cash flow is available under a range of circumstances. Management believes that its focus on core relationship deposits coupled with access to borrowing through reliable counterparties provides reasonable and prudent assurance that ample liquidity is available. However, depositor or counterparty behavior could change in response to competition, economic or market situations or other unforeseen circumstances, which could have liquidity implications that may require different strategic or operational actions. One source of wholesale funding is brokered deposits. At June 30, 2008, such deposits totaled approximately $39.1 million compared to $24.7 million at December 31, 2007.
The Bank’s primary counterparty for borrowing purposes is the FHLB. At June 30, 2008, the FHLB had extended the Bank a secured line of credit of $841.3 million that may be accessed for short or long-term borrowings given sufficient qualifying collateral. As of June 30, 2008, the Bank had qualifying collateral pledged for FHLB borrowings totaling $334.4 million. The Bank also had $102.0 million in borrowing availability from the FRB that requires specific qualifying collateral. In addition, the Bank maintained unsecured lines of credit totaling $105.0 million for the purchase of funds on a short-term basis from several commercial bank counterparties. Borrowing capacity may fluctuate based upon collateral and other factors. At June 30, 2008, the Bank had remaining available borrowing capacity on its aggregate lines of credit totaling $576.2 million given sufficient collateral.
Liquidity may be affected by the Bank’s routine commitments to extend credit. Historically a significant portion of such commitments (such as lines of credit) have expired or terminated without funding. In addition, more than one-third of total commitments pertain to various construction projects. Under the terms of such construction commitments, completion of specified project benchmarks must be certified before funds may be drawn. At June 30, 2008, the Bank had approximately $656.8 million in outstanding commitments to extend credit, compared to approximately $727.4 million at year-end 2007. At this time, management believes that the Bank’s available resources will be sufficient to fund its commitments in the normal course of business.
Inflation
The effect of changing prices on financial institutions is typically different than on non-banking companies since virtually all of a bank’s assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. In particular, interest rates are significantly affected by inflation, but neither the timing nor magnitude of the changes are directly related to price level indices; therefore, the Company can best counter inflation over the long term by managing net interest income and controlling net increases in noninterest income and expenses.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The disclosures in this item are qualified by the Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A and the Section entitled “Cautionary Information Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” included in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report and any other cautionary statements contained herein.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedure
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act of 1934, the Company carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
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Changes in Internal Controls
During the second quarter of 2008, the Company had no changes to identified internal controls that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Please see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion of risks that may affect our business.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
During the quarter ended June 30, 2008, the Company did not repurchase any shares under its currently authorized repurchase plan and does not expect to engage in repurchase for the foreseeable future. As of June 30, 2008, the Company could repurchase up to an additional 1,423,526 shares under this repurchase plan.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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| | CASCADE BANCORP |
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| | (Registrant) |
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Date August 5, 2008 | By | /s/ Patricia L. Moss |
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| | Patricia L. Moss, President & CEO |
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Date August 5, 2008 | By | /s/ Gregory D. Newton |
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| | Gregory D. Newton, EVP/Chief Financial Officer |
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