5. Securities
Key classifies each security held into one of four categories: trading, available for sale, investment or other investments.
Trading account securities.These are debt and equity securities that Key purchases and holds with the intent of selling them in the near term. Trading account securities are reported at fair value ($671 million at March 31, 2007, $912 million at December 31, 2006, and $934 million at March 31, 2006) and are included in “short-term investments” on the balance sheet. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading account securities are reported in “investment banking and capital markets income” on the income statement.
Securities available for sale.These are securities that Key intends to hold for an indefinite period of time and that may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, prepayment risk, liquidity needs or other factors. Securities available for sale, which include debt and marketable equity securities with readily determinable fair values, are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses (net of income taxes) deemed temporary are recorded in shareholders’ equity as a component of “accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the balance sheet. Unrealized losses on specific securities deemed to be “other-than-temporary” are included in “net securities gains (losses)” on the income statement, as are actual gains and losses resulting from the sales of specific securities.
When Key retains an interest in loans it securitizes, it bears risk that the loans will be prepaid (which would reduce expected interest income) or not paid at all. Key accounts for these retained interests as debt securities and classifies them as available for sale.
“Other securities” held in the available-for-sale portfolio are primarily marketable equity securities.
Investment securities.These are debt securities that Key has the intent and ability to hold until maturity. Debt securities are carried at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts using the interest method. This method produces a constant rate of return on the adjusted carrying amount. “Other securities” held in the investment securities portfolio are foreign bonds.
Other investments.Principal investments¾ investments in equity and mezzanine instruments made by Key’s Principal Investing unit¾ represent the majority of other investments. These securities include direct investments (investments made in a particular company), as well as indirect investments (investments made through funds that include other investors). Principal investments are predominantly made in privately-held companies and are carried at fair value ($916 million at March 31, 2007, $830 million at December 31, 2006, and $836 million at March 31, 2006). Changes in estimated fair values, and actual gains and losses on sales of principal investments, are included in “other income” on the income statement.
In addition to principal investments, “other investments” include other equity and mezzanine instruments that do not have readily determinable fair values. These securities include certain real estate-related investments that are carried at estimated fair value, as well as other types of securities that generally are carried at cost. The carrying amount of the securities carried at cost is adjusted for declines in value that are considered to be other-than-temporary. These adjustments are included in “investment banking and capital markets income” on the income statement.
The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, and approximate fair value of Key’s securities available for sale and investment securities are presented in the following tables. Gross unrealized gains and losses are represented by the difference between the amortized cost and the fair values of securities on the balance sheet as of the dates indicated. Accordingly, the amount of these gains and losses may change in the future as market conditions improve or worsen.
16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2007 | |
| | | | | | Gross | | | Gross | | | | |
| | Amortized | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | Fair | |
in millions | | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Value | |
|
SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations | | $ | 13 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 13 | |
States and political subdivisions | | | 12 | | | $ | 1 | | | | — | | | | 13 | |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | | | 6,519 | | | | 29 | | | $ | 43 | | | | 6,505 | |
Other mortgage-backed securities | | | 889 | | | | 5 | | | | 3 | | | | 891 | |
Retained interests in securitizations | | | 146 | | | | 53 | | | | — | | | | 199 | |
Other securities | | | 157 | | | | 11 | | | | — | | | | 168 | |
|
Total securities available for sale | | $ | 7,736 | | | $ | 99 | | | $ | 46 | | | $ | 7,789 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
INVESTMENT SECURITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
States and political subdivisions | | $ | 18 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 18 | |
Other securities | | | 20 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 20 | |
|
Total investment securities | | $ | 38 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 38 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2006 | |
| | | | | | Gross | | | Gross | | | | |
| | Amortized | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | Fair | |
in millions | | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Value | |
|
SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations | | $ | 94 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 94 | |
States and political subdivisions | | | 14 | | | $ | 1 | | | | — | | | | 15 | |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | | | 7,098 | | | | 13 | | | $ | 110 | | | | 7,001 | |
Other mortgage-backed securities | | | 336 | | | | 2 | | | | 4 | | | | 334 | |
Retained interests in securitizations | | | 151 | | | | 57 | | | | — | | | | 208 | |
Other securities | | | 165 | | | | 10 | | | | — | | | | 175 | |
|
Total securities available for sale | | $ | 7,858 | | | $ | 83 | | | $ | 114 | | | $ | 7,827 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
INVESTMENT SECURITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
States and political subdivisions | | $ | 20 | | | $ | 1 | | | | — | | | $ | 21 | |
Other securities | | | 21 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 21 | |
|
Total investment securities | | $ | 41 | | | $ | 1 | | | | — | | | $ | 42 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2006 | |
| | | | | | Gross | | | Gross | | | | |
| | Amortized | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | Fair | |
in millions | | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Value | |
|
SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations | | $ | 78 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 78 | |
States and political subdivisions | | | 17 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 17 | |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | | | 6,611 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 194 | | | | 6,420 | |
Other mortgage-backed securities | | | 217 | | | | 3 | | | | 4 | | | | 216 | |
Retained interests in securitizations | | | 119 | | | | 63 | | | | — | | | | 182 | |
Other securities | | | 162 | | | | 11 | | | | — | | | | 173 | |
|
Total securities available for sale | | $ | 7,204 | | | $ | 80 | | | $ | 198 | | | $ | 7,086 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
INVESTMENT SECURITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
States and political subdivisions | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 1 | | | | — | | | $ | 34 | |
Other securities | | | 13 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13 | |
|
Total investment securities | | $ | 46 | | | $ | 1 | | | | — | | | $ | 47 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
17
6. Loans and Loans Held for Sale
Key’s loans by category are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
|
Commercial, financial and agricultural | | $ | 21,476 | | | $ | 21,412 | | | $ | 21,681 | |
Commercial real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial mortgage | | | 8,519 | | | | 8,426 | | | | 8,145 | |
Construction | | | 8,355 | | | | 8,209 | | | | 7,507 | |
|
Total commercial real estate loans | | | 16,874 | | | | 16,635 | | | | 15,652 | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 10,036 | | | | 10,259 | | | | 9,668 | |
|
Total commercial loans | | | 48,386 | | | | 48,306 | | | | 47,001 | |
Real estate — residential mortgage | | | 1,440 | | | | 1,442 | | | | 1,435 | |
Home equitya | | | 10,669 | | | | 10,826 | | | | 13,429 | |
Consumer — direct | | | 1,375 | | | | 1,536 | | | | 1,691 | |
Consumer — indirect: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marine | | | 3,203 | | | | 3,077 | | | | 2,804 | |
Other | | | 638 | | | | 639 | | | | 620 | |
|
Total consumer — indirect loans | | | 3,841 | | | | 3,716 | | | | 3,424 | |
|
Total consumer loans | | | 17,325 | | | | 17,520 | | | | 19,979 | |
|
Total loans | | $ | 65,711 | | | $ | 65,826 | | | $ | 66,980 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
Key uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk; these swaps modify the repricing characteristics of certain loans. For more information about such swaps, see Note 19 (“Derivatives and Hedging Activities”), which begins on page 100 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
(a) | | On August 1, 2006, Key transferred $2.5 billion of home equity loans from the loan portfolio to loans held for sale in connection with an expected sale of the Champion Mortgage finance business. |
Key’s loans held for sale by category are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
|
Commercial, financial and agricultural | | $ | 68 | | | $ | 47 | | | $ | 189 | |
Real estate — commercial mortgage | | | 1,224 | | | | 946 | | | | 411 | |
Real estate — construction | | | 163 | | | | 36 | | | | 62 | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 1 | | | | 3 | | | | 4 | |
Real estate — residential mortgage | | | 26 | | | | 21 | | | | 14 | |
Home equity | | | ___ | | | | 180 | | | | 1 | |
Education | | | 2,681 | | | | 2,390 | | | | 2,930 | |
Automobile | | | 12 | | | | 14 | | | | 20 | |
|
Total loans held for sale | | $ | 4,175 | | | $ | 3,637 | | | $ | 3,631 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
18
Changes in the allowance for loan losses are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | |
| | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
|
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 944 | | | $ | 966 | |
Charge-offs | | | (64 | ) | | | (65 | ) |
Recoveries | | | 20 | | | | 26 | |
|
Net loans charged off | | | (44 | ) | | | (39 | ) |
Provision for loan losses from continuing operations | | | 44 | | | | 39 | |
|
Balance at end of period | | $ | 944 | | | $ | 966 | |
| | | | | | |
|
Changes in the liability for credit losses on lending-related commitments are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | |
| | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
|
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 53 | | | $ | 59 | |
Credit for losses on lending-related commitments | | | (8 | ) | | | ___ | |
|
Balance at end of perioda | | $ | 45 | | | $ | 59 | |
| | | | | | |
|
(a) | | Included in “accrued expense and other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheet. |
7. Mortgage Servicing Assets
Key originates and periodically sells commercial real estate loans which it continues to service for the buyers. Key may also purchase the right to service commercial real estate loans for other lenders. Changes in the carrying amount of mortgage servicing assets are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | |
| | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
|
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 247 | | | $ | 248 | |
Servicing retained from loan sales | | | 13 | | | | 2 | |
Purchases | | | 15 | | | | 4 | |
Amortization | | | (18 | ) | | | (15 | ) |
|
Balance at end of period | | $ | 257 | | | $ | 239 | |
| | | | | | |
|
Fair value at beginning of period | | $ | 332 | | | $ | 301 | |
Fair value at end of period | | | 336 | | | | 293 | |
|
The fair value of mortgage servicing assets is estimated by calculating the present value of future cash flows associated with servicing the loans. This calculation uses a number of assumptions that are based on current market conditions. Primary economic assumptions used to measure the fair value of Key’s mortgage servicing assets at March 31, 2007 and 2006, are as follows:
| | |
¨ | | prepayment speed generally at an annual rate of 0.00% to 25.00%; |
| | |
¨ | | expected credit losses at a static rate of 2.00%; and |
| | |
¨ | | residual cash flows discount rate of 8.50% to 15.00%. |
Changes in these assumptions could cause the fair value of mortgage servicing assets to change in the future. The volume of loans serviced and expected credit losses are critical to the valuation of servicing assets. A 1.00% increase in the assumed default rate of commercial real estate loans at March 31, 2007, would cause an $8 million decrease in the fair value of Key’s mortgage servicing assets.
Contractual servicing fees, including late fees and ancillary fees, are recorded in “other income” on the income statement. Contractual fee income from servicing commercial mortgage loans totaled $16 million and $18 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Additional information pertaining to the accounting for mortgage and other servicing assets is included in Note 1 (“Basis of Presentation”) under the heading “Servicing Assets” on page 7.
19
8. Variable Interest Entities
A VIE is a partnership, limited liability company, trust or other legal entity that meets any one of certain criteria specified in Revised Interpretation No. 46. This interpretation requires a VIE to be consolidated by the party that is exposed to a majority of the VIE’s expected losses and/or residual returns (i.e., the primary beneficiary).
Key’s VIEs, including those consolidated and those in which Key holds a significant interest, are summarized below. Key defines a “significant interest” in a VIE as a subordinated interest that exposes Key to a significant portion, but not the majority, of the VIE’s expected losses or residual returns.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Consolidated VIEs | | | Unconsolidated VIEs | |
| | | | | | | | | | Maximum | |
in millions | | Total Assets | | | Total Assets | | | Exposure to Loss | |
|
March 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial paper conduit | | $ | 152 | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) funds | | | 309 | | | $ | 186 | | | | — | |
LIHTC investments | | | N/A | | | | 793 | | | $ | 241 | |
|
N/A = Not Applicable
The noncontrolling interests associated with the consolidated LIHTC guaranteed funds are considered mandatorily redeemable instruments and are recorded in “accrued expense and other liabilities” on the balance sheet. The FASB has indefinitely deferred the measurement and recognition provisions of SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity,” for mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests associated with finite-lived subsidiaries, such as Key’s LIHTC guaranteed funds. Key currently accounts for these interests as minority interests and adjusts the financial statements each period for the investors’ share of the funds’ profits and losses. At March 31, 2007, the settlement value of these noncontrolling interests was estimated to be between $335 million and $396 million, while the recorded value, including reserves, totaled $317 million.
Key’s Principal Investing unit and the Real Estate Capital line of business make equity and mezzanine investments in entities, some of which are VIEs. These investments are held by nonregistered investment companies subject to the provisions of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”) Audit and Accounting Guide, “Audits of Investment Companies.” The FASB deferred the effective date of Revised Interpretation No. 46 for such nonregistered investment companies until the AICPA clarifies the scope of the Audit Guide. As a result, Key is not currently applying the accounting or disclosure provisions of Revised Interpretation No. 46 to its principal and real estate mezzanine and equity investments, which remain unconsolidated.
Additional information pertaining to Revised Interpretation No. 46 and the activities of the specific VIEs with which Key is involved is provided in Note 8 (“Loan Securitizations, Servicing and Variable Interest Entities”) of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders under the heading “Variable Interest Entities” on page 84.
20
9. Nonperforming Assets and Past Due Loans
Impaired loans totaled $110 million at March 31, 2007, compared to $95 million at December 31, 2006, and $122 million at March 31, 2006. Impaired loans averaged $102 million for the first quarter of 2007 and $113 million for the first quarter of 2006.
Key’s nonperforming assets and past due loans are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
|
Impaired loans | | $ | 110 | | | $ | 95 | | | $ | 122 | |
Other nonaccrual loansa | | | 144 | | | | 120 | | | | 173 | |
|
Total nonperforming loans | | | 254 | | | | 215 | | | | 295 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nonperforming loans held for sale | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | 2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) | | | 42 | | | | 57 | | | | 21 | |
Allowance for OREO losses | | | (2 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | (1 | ) |
|
OREO, net of allowance | | | 40 | | | | 54 | | | | 20 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other nonperforming assets | | | 56 | b | | | 1 | | | | 3 | |
|
Total nonperforming assets | | $ | 353 | | | $ | 273 | | | $ | 320 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
Impaired loans with a specifically allocated allowance | | $ | 46 | | | $ | 34 | | | $ | 18 | |
Specifically allocated allowance for impaired loans | | | 22 | | | | 14 | | | | 8 | |
|
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | | $ | 146 | | | $ | 120 | | | $ | 107 | |
Accruing loans past due 30 through 89 days | | | 626 | | | | 644 | | | | 498 | |
|
| | |
(a) | | On August 1, 2006, Key transferred approximately $55 million of home equity loans from nonperforming loans to nonperforming loans held for sale in connection with an expected sale of the Champion Mortgage finance business. |
|
(b) | | Primarily one investment of approximately $51 million held by the Private Equity unit within Key’s Real Estate Capital line of business. |
At March 31, 2007, Key did not have any significant commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers with loans on nonperforming status.
Management evaluates the collectibility of Key’s loans as described in Note 1 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”) under the heading “Allowance for Loan Losses” on page 69 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
21
10. Capital Securities Issued by Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
KeyCorp owns the outstanding common securities of business trusts that issued corporation-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred capital securities. The trusts used the proceeds from the issuance of their capital securities and common securities to buy debentures issued by KeyCorp. These debentures are the trusts’ only assets; the interest payments from the debentures finance the distributions paid on the capital securities.
The capital securities provide an attractive source of funds; they constitute Tier 1 capital for regulatory reporting purposes, but have the same tax advantages as debt for federal income tax purposes. During the first quarter of 2005, the Federal Reserve Board adopted a rule that allows bank holding companies to continue to treat capital securities as Tier 1 capital, but imposed stricter quantitative limits that take effect after a five-year transition period ending March 31, 2009. Management believes the new rule will not have any material effect on Key’s financial condition.
KeyCorp unconditionally guarantees the following payments or distributions on behalf of the trusts:
¨ | | required distributions on the capital securities; |
|
¨ | | the redemption price when a capital security is redeemed; and |
|
¨ | | amounts due if a trust is liquidated or terminated. |
During the first three months of 2007, the business trusts did not repurchase any capital securities or related debentures.
The capital securities, common securities and related debentures are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Principal | | | Interest Rate | | | Maturity | |
| | Capital | | | | | | | Amount of | | | of Capital | | | of Capital | |
| | Securities, | | | Common | | | Debentures, | | | Securities and | | | Securities and | |
dollars in millions | | Net of Discounta | | | Securities | | | Net of Discountb | | | Debenturesc | | | Debentures | |
|
March 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
KeyCorp Capital I | | $ | 197 | | | $ | 8 | | | $ | 205 | | | | 6.100 | % | | | 2028 | |
KeyCorp Capital II | | | 173 | | | | 8 | | | | 165 | | | | 6.875 | | | | 2029 | |
KeyCorp Capital III | | | 219 | | | | 8 | | | | 197 | | | | 7.750 | | | | 2029 | |
KeyCorp Capital V | | | 164 | | | | 5 | | | | 180 | | | | 5.875 | | | | 2033 | |
KeyCorp Capital VI | | | 73 | | | | 2 | | | | 77 | | | | 6.125 | | | | 2033 | |
KeyCorp Capital VII | | | 226 | | | | 8 | | | | 258 | | | | 5.700 | | | | 2035 | |
KeyCorp Capital VIII | | | 255 | | | | — | | | | 250 | | | | 7.000 | | | | 2066 | |
KeyCorp Capital IX | | | 497 | | | | — | | | | 500 | | | | 6.750 | | | | 2066 | |
|
Total | | $ | 1,804 | | | $ | 39 | | | $ | 1,832 | | | | 6.611 | % | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
December 31, 2006 | | $ | 1,804 | | | $ | 39 | | | $ | 1,832 | | | | 6.613 | % | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
March 31, 2006 | | $ | 1,567 | | | $ | 54 | | | $ | 1,597 | | | | 6.856 | % | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | |
(a) | | The capital securities must be redeemed when the related debentures mature, or earlier if provided in the governing indenture. Each issue of capital securities carries an interest rate identical to that of the related debenture. Included in certain capital securities at March 31, 2007, December 31, 2006, and March 31, 2006, are basis adjustments of $11 million, $11 million, and $24 million, respectively, related to fair value hedges. See Note 19 (“Derivatives and Hedging Activities”), which begins on page 100 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders, for an explanation of fair value hedges. |
|
(b) | | KeyCorp has the right to redeem its debentures: (i) in whole or in part, on or after July 1, 2008 (for debentures owned by Capital I), March 18, 1999 (for debentures owned by Capital II), July 16, 1999 (for debentures owned by Capital III), July 21, 2008 (for debentures owned by Capital V), December 15, 2008 (for debentures owned by Capital VI), June 15, 2011 (for debentures owned by Capital VIII), and December 15, 2011 (for debentures owned by Capital IX); and, (ii) in whole at any time within 90 days after and during the continuation of a “tax event,” an “investment company event” or a “capital treatment event” (as defined in the applicable indenture). If the debentures purchased by Capital I, Capital V, Capital VI, Capital VII, Capital VIII or Capital IX are redeemed before they mature, the redemption price will be the principal amount, plus any accrued but unpaid interest. If the debentures purchased by Capital II or Capital III are redeemed before they mature, the redemption price will be the greater of: (a) the principal amount, plus any accrued but unpaid interest or (b) the sum of the present values of principal and interest payments discounted at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the applicable indenture), plus 20 basis points (25 basis points for Capital III), plus any accrued but unpaid interest. When debentures are redeemed in response to tax or capital treatment events, the redemption price generally is slightly more favorable to KeyCorp. |
|
(c) | | The interest rates for Capital II, Capital III, Capital V, Capital VI, Capital VII, Capital VIII and Capital IX are fixed. Capital I has a floating interest rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 74 basis points; it reprices quarterly. The rates shown as the total at March 31, 2007, December 31, 2006, and March 31, 2006, are weighted-average rates. |
22
11. Employee Benefits
Pension Plans
Net pension cost for all funded and unfunded plans includes the following components:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | |
| | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
|
Service cost of benefits earned | | $ | 14 | | | $ | 12 | |
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation | | | 15 | | | | 14 | |
Expected return on plan assets | | | (22 | ) | | | (22 | ) |
Amortization of prior service benefit | | | — | | | | — | |
Amortization of losses | | | 8 | | | | 7 | |
|
Net pension cost | | | 15 | | | | 11 | |
Curtailment gain | | | (3 | ) | | | — | |
|
Total pension cost | | $ | 12 | | | $ | 11 | |
| | | | | | |
|
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Key sponsors a contributory postretirement healthcare plan that covers substantially all active and retired employees hired before 2001 who meet certain eligibility criteria. Retirees’ contributions are adjusted annually to reflect certain cost-sharing provisions and benefit limitations. Key also sponsors life insurance plans covering certain grandfathered employees. These plans are principally noncontributory. Separate Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association trusts are used to fund the healthcare plan and one of the life insurance plans.
Net postretirement benefit cost for all funded and unfunded plans includes the following components:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | |
| | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
|
Service cost of benefits earned | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 1 | |
Interest cost on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation | | | 1 | | | | 2 | |
Expected return on plan assets | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) |
Amortization of unrecognized transition obligation | | | — | | | | 1 | |
Amortization of losses | | | — | | | | 1 | |
|
Net postretirement benefit cost | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 4 | |
| | | | | | |
|
12. Income Taxes
Lease Financing Transactions
In the ordinary course of business, Key’s equipment finance business unit (“KEF”) enters into various types of lease financing transactions. Between 1996 and 2004, KEF entered into three types of lease financing transactions with both foreign and domestic customers (primarily municipal authorities) for terms ranging from ten to fifty years. Lease in, Lease out (“LILO”) transactions are leveraged leasing transactions in which KEF leases property from an unrelated third party and then leases the property back to that party. The transaction is similar to a sale-leaseback, except that the property is leased by KEF, rather than purchased. Qualified Technological Equipment Leases (“QTEs”) and Service Contract Leases are even more like sale-leaseback transactions, as KEF is considered to be the purchaser of the equipment for tax purposes. LILO and Service Contract Lease transactions involve commuter rail equipment, public utility facilities, and commercial aircraft. QTE transactions involve sophisticated high technology hardware and related software, such as telecommunications equipment. Like other forms of leasing transactions, LILO transactions generate income tax deductions for Key from net rental expense associated with the leased property, interest expense on nonrecourse debt
23
incurred to fund the transaction, and transaction costs. QTE and Service Contract Lease transactions generate rental income, as well as deductions from the depreciation of the property, interest expense on nonrecourse debt incurred to fund the transaction, and transaction costs.
Prior to 2004, LILO, QTE and Service Contract Leases were prevalent in the financial services industry and in certain other industries. The tax treatment that Key applied was based on applicable statutes, regulations, and judicial authority. Subsequently, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has challenged the tax treatment of these transactions by a number of bank holding companies and other corporations.
The IRS has completed audits of Key’s income tax returns for the 1995 through 2000 tax years and has disallowed all deductions taken in those tax years that relate to LILOs, QTEs and Service Contract Leases. Key appealed the examination results for the tax years 1995 through 1997, which pertained to LILOs only, to the Appeals Division of the IRS. During the fourth quarter of 2005, discussions with the Appeals Division were discontinued without a resolution. In April 2006, Key received a final assessment from the IRS, consisting of taxes, interest and penalties, disallowing all LILO deductions taken in those tax years. Key paid the assessment and filed a refund claim for the total amount. Key has also filed an appeal with the Appeals Division of the IRS with regard to the proposed disallowance of the LILO, QTE and Service Contract Lease deductions taken in the 1998 through 2000 tax years. In addition, the IRS is currently conducting audits of Key’s income tax returns for the 2001 through 2003 tax years, and Key expects that the IRS will disallow all similar deductions taken by Key in those tax years.
Management continues to believe that its treatment of these LILO, QTE and Service Contract Lease transactions is appropriate and in compliance with applicable tax law and regulations. Key intends to vigorously pursue the IRS appeals process and litigation alternatives. In addition, in connection with one Service Contract Lease transaction entered into by AWG Leasing Trust (“AWG Leasing”), in which Key is a partner, the IRS completed its audit for the 1998 through 2003 tax years, disallowed all deductions related to the transaction for those years, and assessed penalties. In March 2007, Key filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (captionedAWG Leasing Trust, KSP Investments, Inc., as Tax Matters Partner v. United States of America, and referred to herein as the “AWG Leasing Litigation”) claiming that the disallowance of the deductions and assessment of penalties were erroneous.
Key believes its tax position is correct and well-supported by applicable statutes, regulations and judicial authority, but tax litigation is inherently uncertain. Consequently, Key cannot predict the outcome of the AWG Leasing Litigation or its other disputes with the IRS related to its LILO, QTE or Service Contract Lease transactions. If Key were not to prevail in these efforts, in addition to the accrued tax amounts of approximately $1.7 billion reflected on Key’s balance sheet as deferred taxes as of March 31, 2007, that could be due to the IRS, Key would owe interest on any taxes and possibly penalties. The interest rates on these amounts would currently range from 8% to 10%, and the aggregate interest amount would vary based upon the then applicable interest rates as well as the length of time any tax assessments remain outstanding. No reserves have been established for any such interest or penalties. An adverse outcome in these disputes could have a material adverse effect on Key’s results of operations and a potentially substantial impact on its capital.
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Tax-Related Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2007
Accounting for leveraged leases.In July 2006, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 13-2, “Accounting for a Change or Projected Change in the Timing of Cash Flows Relating to Income Taxes Generated by a Leveraged Lease Transaction,” which provides additional guidance on the application of SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases.” This guidance affects when earnings from leveraged lease transactions will be recognized when there are changes or projected changes in the timing of cash flows, including changes due to or expected to be due to settlements of tax matters. Previously, leveraged lease transactions were required to be recalculated only when a change in the total cash flows occurred. Key adopted this guidance on January 1, 2007, and recorded a cumulative after-tax charge of $52 million to retained earnings related to the LILO transactions. Future earnings are expected to increase over the remaining term of the affected leases by a similar amount.
Accounting for uncertain tax positions.In July 2006, the FASB also issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” which clarifies the application of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” by defining the minimum threshold that a tax position must meet in order for the associated tax benefit to be recognized in a company’s financial statements. In accordance with this guidance, a company may recognize a benefit if management concludes that the tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination. If such a conclusion is reached, then the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of such benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. This interpretation also provides guidance on measurement and derecognition of tax benefits, and requires expanded disclosures.
Key adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48 on January 1, 2007, which resulted in an immaterial increase in Key’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits and was accounted for as a reduction to retained earnings. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1, 2007, was $27 million which, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. There were no material changes to this amount during the quarter, and management does not expect any material changes to the amount over the next twelve months.
As permitted under FASB Interpretation No. 48, Key continues to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2007, Key recognized $.8 million of interest. At March 31, 2007, Key had a $16 million liability for accrued interest payable on the balance sheet.
Key files income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction, as well as various state and foreign jurisdictions. With the exception of the California and New York jurisdictions, Key is not subject to U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2001. Income tax returns filed in California and New York are subject to examination beginning with the years 1995 and 2000, respectively. As previously discussed, the audits of the 1998 through 2000 federal income tax returns are currently on appeal to the Appeals Division of the IRS. In addition, the IRS is currently conducting audits of Key’s income tax returns for the 2001 through 2003 tax years. These audits are expected to be completed by the end of 2007. The outcomes of these open examinations could impact the recognition of benefits related to Key’s tax positions.
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13. Contingent Liabilities and Guarantees
Legal Proceedings
Residual value insurance litigation. Key has previously reported on its on-going litigation with Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation (“Swiss Re”) in the United States Federal District Court in Ohio relating to insurance coverage of the residual value of certain automobile leases through Key Bank USA (the “Residual Value Litigation”).
As previously reported, on February 13, 2007, Key and Swiss Re entered into an agreement to settle the Residual Value Litigation, subject to certain conditions. On February 16, 2007, the conditions to settlement were satisfied. Under the settlement agreement, Swiss Re agreed to pay Key $279 million in two installments: $50 million, which was paid on March 15, 2007, and $229 million on June 29, 2007. As a result of the settlement, during the first quarter of 2007, Key recorded a one-time gain of $26 million ($17 million after tax, or $.04 per diluted common share), representing the difference between the proceeds received and the receivable recorded on Key’s balance sheet.
Tax disputes. In the ordinary course of business, Key enters into certain transactions that have tax consequences. On occasion, the IRS may challenge a particular tax position taken by Key. The IRS has completed audits of Key’s income tax returns for the 1995 through 2000 tax years and has disallowed all deductions taken in those tax years that relate to certain lease financing transactions. Further information on these matters and on the potential implications to Key is included in Note 12 (“Income Taxes”) under the heading “Lease Financing Transactions” on page 23.
Other litigation.In the ordinary course of business, Key is subject to other legal actions that involve claims for substantial monetary relief. Based on information presently known to management, management believes there are no such legal actions to which KeyCorp or any of its subsidiaries is a party, or involving any of their properties, that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Key’s financial condition.
Guarantees
Key is a guarantor in various agreements with third parties. The following table shows the types of guarantees that Key had outstanding at March 31, 2007. Information pertaining to the basis for determining the liabilities recorded in connection with these guarantees is included in Note 1 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”) under the heading “Guarantees” on page 71 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
| | | | | | | | |
| | Maximum Potential | | | | |
| | Undiscounted | | | Liability | |
in millions | | Future Payments | | | Recorded | |
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Financial guarantees: | | | | | | | | |
Standby letters of credit | | $ | 13,198 | | | $ | 33 | |
Credit enhancement for asset-backed commercial paper conduit | | | 28 | | | | — | |
Recourse agreement with FNMA | | | 606 | | | | 8 | |
Return guarantee agreement with LIHTC investors | | | 396 | | | | 44 | |
Default guarantees | | | 11 | | | | 1 | |
Written interest rate capsa | | | 90 | | | | 6 | |
|
Total | | $ | 14,329 | | | $ | 92 | |
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| | |
(a) | | At March 31, 2007, the weighted-average interest rate on written interest rate caps was 5.1%, and the weighted-average strike rate was 5.6%. Maximum potential undiscounted future payments were calculated assuming a 10% interest rate. |
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Standby letters of credit.These instruments, issued on behalf of clients, obligate Key to pay a specified third party when a client fails to repay an outstanding loan or debt instrument, or fails to perform some contractual nonfinancial obligation. Many of Key’s lines of business issue standby letters of credit to address clients’ financing needs. Any amounts drawn under standby letters of credit are treated as loans; they bear interest (generally at variable rates) and pose the same credit risk to Key as a loan. At March 31, 2007, Key’s standby letters of credit had a remaining weighted-average life of approximately 2.1 years, with remaining actual lives ranging from less than one year to as many as twelve years.
Credit enhancement for asset-backed commercial paper conduit.Key provides credit enhancement in the form of a committed facility to ensure the continuing operations of an asset-backed commercial paper conduit that is owned by a third party and administered by an unaffiliated financial institution. The commitment to provide credit enhancement extends until September 21, 2007, and specifies that in the event of default by certain borrowers whose loans are held by the conduit, Key will provide financial relief to the conduit in an amount that is based on defined criteria that consider the level of credit risk involved and other factors.
At March 31, 2007, Key’s maximum potential funding requirement under the credit enhancement facility totaled $28 million, but there were no drawdowns under the facility during the quarter. Key has no recourse or other collateral available to offset any amounts that may be funded under this credit enhancement facility. Management periodically evaluates Key’s commitment to provide credit enhancement to the conduit.
Recourse agreement with Federal National Mortgage Association.KBNA participates as a lender in the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) program. As a condition to FNMA’s delegation of responsibility for originating, underwriting and servicing mortgages, KBNA has agreed to assume a limited portion of the risk of loss during the remaining term on each commercial mortgage loan KBNA sells to FNMA. Accordingly, KBNA maintains a reserve for such potential losses in an amount estimated by management to approximate the fair value of KBNA’s liability. At March 31, 2007, the outstanding commercial mortgage loans in this program had a remaining weighted-average term of 8.1 years, and the unpaid principal balance outstanding of loans sold by KBNA as a participant in this program was approximately $1.9 billion. The maximum potential amount of undiscounted future payments that may be required under this program is generally equal to one-third of the principal balance of loans outstanding at March 31, 2007. If payment is required under this program, Key would have an interest in the collateral underlying the commercial mortgage loan on which the loss occurred.
Return guarantee agreement with LIHTC investors.Key Affordable Housing Corporation (“KAHC”), a subsidiary of KBNA, offered limited partnership interests to qualified investors. Partnerships formed by KAHC invested in low-income residential rental properties that qualify for federal LIHTCs under Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code. In certain partnerships, investors pay a fee to KAHC for a guaranteed return that is based on the financial performance of the property and the property’s confirmed LIHTC status throughout a fifteen-year compliance period. If KAHC defaults on its obligation to provide the guaranteed return, Key is obligated to make any necessary payments to investors. In October 2003, management elected to discontinue new partnerships under this program.
No recourse or collateral is available to offset Key’s guarantee obligation other than the underlying income stream from the properties. These guarantees have expiration dates that extend through 2018. Key meets its obligations pertaining to the guaranteed returns generally by distributing tax credits and deductions associated with the specific properties.
As shown in the table on page 26, KAHC maintained a reserve in the amount of $44 million at March 31, 2007, which management believes will be sufficient to cover estimated future obligations under the guarantees. The maximum exposure to loss reflected in the table represents undiscounted future payments due to investors for the return on and of their investments. In accordance with Interpretation No. 45, the amount of all fees received in consideration for any return guarantee agreements entered into or modified with LIHTC investors on or after January 1, 2003, has been recognized in the liability recorded.
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Various types of default guarantees.Some lines of business provide or participate in guarantees that obligate Key to perform if the debtor fails to satisfy all of its payment obligations to third parties. Key generally undertakes these guarantees to support or protect its underlying investment or where the risk profile of the debtor should provide an investment return. The terms of these default guarantees range from less than one year to as many as sixteen years. Although no collateral is held, Key would have recourse against the debtor for any payments made under a default guarantee.
Written interest rate caps.In the ordinary course of business, Key “writes” interest rate caps for commercial loan clients that have variable rate loans with Key and wish to limit their exposure to interest rate increases. At March 31, 2007, these caps had a weighted-average life of approximately 2.3 years.
Key is obligated to pay the client if the applicable benchmark interest rate exceeds a specified level (known as the “strike rate”). These instruments are accounted for as derivatives. Key’s potential amount of future payments under these obligations is mitigated by offsetting positions with third parties.
Other Off-Balance Sheet Risk
Other off-balance sheet risk stems from financial instruments that do not meet the definition of a guarantee as specified in FASB Interpretation No. 45 and from other relationships.
Significant liquidity facilities that support asset-backed commercial paper conduits.Key provides liquidity facilities to various asset-backed commercial paper conduits. These facilities obligate Key to provide funding in the event of a disruption in credit markets or other factors that preclude the issuance of commercial paper by the conduits. Key’s commitments to provide liquidity are periodically evaluated by management. One of these liquidity facilities obligates Key through December 8, 2007, to provide funding of up to $900 million to a commercial paper conduit that is consolidated in accordance with Key’s consolidation policy described in Note 1 (“Basis of Presentation”), which begins on page 7. The amount available to be drawn, which is based on the amount of current commitments to borrowers, was $150 million at March 31, 2007, but there were no drawdowns under this committed facility at that date. Additional information pertaining to this conduit is included in this note under the heading “Guarantees” on page 26 and in Note 8 (“Loan Securitizations, Servicing and Variable Interest Entities”) of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders under the heading “Consolidated VIEs” on page 84.
Key also provides liquidity facilities to several third-party commercial paper conduits. These liquidity facilities, which expire at various dates through October 30, 2009, obligate Key to provide funding of up to $562 million in total, with individual facilities ranging from $10 million to $100 million. The amounts available to be drawn, which are based on the amount of current commitments to borrowers, totaled $559 million at March 31, 2007, but there were no drawdowns under these committed facilities at that date.
Indemnifications provided in the ordinary course of business.Key provides certain indemnifications primarily through representations and warranties in contracts that are entered into in the ordinary course of business in connection with loan sales and other ongoing activities, as well as in connection with purchases and sales of businesses. Amounts paid, if any, with respect to these indemnifications have not had a significant effect on Key’s financial condition or results of operations in the past.
Intercompany guarantees.KeyCorp and certain other Key affiliates are parties to various guarantees that facilitate the ongoing business activities of other Key affiliates. These business activities encompass debt issuance, certain lease and insurance obligations, investments and securities, and certain leasing transactions involving clients.
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14. Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Key, mainly through its subsidiary bank, KBNA, is party to various derivative instruments that are used for asset and liability management, credit risk management and trading purposes. The primary derivatives that Key uses are interest rate swaps, caps and futures, and foreign exchange forward contracts. Generally, these instruments help Key manage exposure to market risk, mitigate the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio and meet client financing needs. Market risk represents the possibility that economic value or net interest income will be adversely affected by changes in interest rates or other economic factors.
At March 31, 2007, Key had $315 million of derivative assets and $100 million of derivative liabilities on its balance sheet that arose from derivatives that were being used for hedging purposes. As of the same date, derivative assets and liabilities classified as trading derivatives totaled $817 million and $770 million, respectively. Derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet.
Counterparty Credit Risk
The following table summarizes the fair value of Key’s derivative assets by type. These assets represent Key’s exposure to potential loss, as described below, before taking into account the effects of master netting arrangements and other means used to mitigate risk.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
|
Interest rate | | $ | 659 | | | $ | 697 | | | $ | 727 | |
Credit | | | 45 | | | | 43 | | | | 40 | |
Foreign exchange | | | 359 | | | | 321 | | | | 133 | |
Equity | | | 44 | | | | 45 | | | | 47 | |
Energy | | | 25 | | | | 29 | | | | — | |
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Total | | $ | 1,132 | | | $ | 1,135 | | | $ | 947 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
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Like other financial instruments, derivatives contain an element of “credit risk”— the possibility that Key will incur a loss because a counterparty, which may be a bank or a broker/dealer, fails to meet its contractual obligations. This risk is measured as the expected positive replacement value of contracts. To mitigate credit risk when managing asset, liability and trading positions, Key deals exclusively with counterparties that have high credit ratings.
Key uses two additional means to manage exposure to credit risk on derivative contracts. First, Key generally enters into bilateral collateral and master netting arrangements. These agreements provide for the net settlement of all contracts with a single counterparty in the event of default. Second, Key’s Credit Administration department monitors credit risk exposure to the counterparty on each contract to determine appropriate limits on Key’s total credit exposure and decide whether to demand collateral. If Key determines that collateral is required, it is generally collected immediately. Key generally holds collateral in the form of cash and highly rated Treasury and agency-issued securities.
At March 31, 2007, Key was party to derivative contracts with 52 different counterparties. These derivatives include interest rate swaps and caps, credit derivatives, energy derivatives and foreign exchange contracts. Among these were contracts entered into to offset the risk of client exposure. Key had aggregate exposure of $345 million on these instruments to 24 of the 52 counterparties. However, at March 31, 2007, Key held approximately $184 million in pooled collateral to mitigate that exposure, resulting in net exposure of $161 million. The largest exposure to an individual counterparty was approximately $119 million, which Key secured with approximately $94 million in collateral.
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Asset and Liability Management
Key uses a fair value hedging strategy to manage its exposure to interest rate risk and a cash flow hedging strategy to reduce the potential adverse impact of interest rate increases on future interest expense. For more information about these asset and liability management strategies, see Note 19 (“Derivatives and Hedging Activities”), which begins on page 100 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
The change in “accumulated other comprehensive loss” resulting from cash flow hedges is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Reclassification | | | | |
| | December 31, | | | 2007 | | | of Losses to | | | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2006 | | | Hedging Activity | | | Net Income | | | 2007 | |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss resulting from cash flow hedges | | $ | (19 | ) | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 2 | | | $ | (8 | ) |
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Key reclassifies gains and losses from “accumulated other comprehensive loss” to earnings when a hedged item causes Key to pay variable-rate interest on debt, receive variable-rate interest on commercial loans, or sell or securitize commercial real estate loans. Key expects to reclassify an estimated $7 million of net gains on derivative instruments from “accumulated other comprehensive loss” to earnings during the next twelve months.
Credit Risk Management
Key uses credit derivatives¾ primarily credit default swaps¾ to mitigate credit risk by transferring a portion of the risk associated with the underlying extension of credit to a third party. These instruments are also used to manage portfolio concentration and correlation risks. At March 31, 2007, the notional amount of credit default swaps purchased by Key was $1.1 billion. Key also provides credit protection to other lenders through the sale of credit default swaps. These transactions may generate fee income and can diversify overall exposure to credit loss. At March 31, 2007, the notional amount of credit default swaps sold by Key was $25 million.
These derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value, which is based on the creditworthiness of the borrowers. Related gains or losses, as well as the premium paid or received for credit protection, are included in the trading income component of noninterest income. Key does not apply hedge accounting to credit derivatives.
Trading Portfolio
Key’s trading portfolio includes:
¨ | | interest rate swap contracts entered into to accommodate the needs of clients; |
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¨ | | positions with third parties that are intended to offset or mitigate the interest rate risk of client positions; |
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¨ | | foreign exchange forward contracts entered into to accommodate the needs of clients; and |
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¨ | | proprietary trading positions in financial assets and liabilities. |
The fair values of these trading portfolio items are included in “derivative assets” or “derivative liabilities” on the balance sheet. Adjustments to the fair values are included in “investment banking and capital markets income” on the income statement. Key has established a reserve in the amount of $11 million at March 31, 2007, which management believes will be sufficient to cover estimated future losses on the trading portfolio in the event of client default. Additional information pertaining to Key’s trading portfolio is summarized in Note 19 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders and Board of Directors
KeyCorp
We have reviewed the condensed consolidated balance sheets of KeyCorp and subsidiaries (“Key”) as of March 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related condensed consolidated statements of income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the three-month periods then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of Key’s management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures, and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Key as of December 31, 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended not presented herein, and in our report dated February 23, 2007, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2006, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Cleveland, Ohio
May 4, 2007
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition & Results of Operations
Introduction
This section generally reviews the financial condition and results of operations of KeyCorp and its subsidiaries for the first three months of 2007 and 2006. Some tables may include additional periods to comply with disclosure requirements or to illustrate trends in greater depth. When reading this discussion, also refer to the consolidated financial statements and related notes that appear on pages 3 through 30. A description of Key’s business is included under the heading “Description of Business” on page 18 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders. This description does not reflect the reorganization within some of Key’s lines of business that took effect January 1, 2007. For a current description of Key’s lines of business, see Note 4 (“Line of Business Results”), which begins on page 12.
Terminology
This report contains some shortened names and industry-specific terms. We want to explain some of these terms at the outset to provide a better understanding of the discussion that follows.
¨ | | KeyCorprefers solely to the parent holding company. |
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¨ | | KBNArefers to KeyCorp’s subsidiary bank, KeyBank National Association. |
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¨ | | Keyrefers to the consolidated entity consisting of KeyCorp and its subsidiaries. |
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¨ | | In November 2006, Key sold the nonprime mortgage loan portfolio held by the Champion Mortgage finance business, and announced a separate agreement to sell Champion’s loan origination platform. As a result of these actions, Key has accounted for this business as adiscontinued operation. We use the phrasecontinuing operationsin this document to mean all of Key’s business other than Champion. Key completed the sale of Champion’s origination platform in February 2007. |
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¨ | | Key engages incapital markets activities. These activities encompass a variety of products and services. Among other things, we trade securities as a dealer, enter into derivative contracts (both to accommodate clients’ financing needs and for proprietary trading purposes), and conduct transactions in foreign currencies (both to accommodate clients’ needs and to benefit from fluctuations in exchange rates). |
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¨ | | All earnings per share data included in this discussion are presented on adilutedbasis, which takes into account all common shares outstanding as well as potential common shares that could result from the exercise of outstanding stock options and other stock awards. Some of the financial information tables also includebasicearnings per share, which takes into account only common shares outstanding. |
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¨ | | For regulatory purposes, capital is divided into two classes. Federal regulations prescribe that at least one-half of a bank or bank holding company’stotal risk-based capitalmust qualify asTier 1. Both total and Tier 1 capital serve as bases for several measures of capital adequacy, which is an important indicator of financial stability and condition. A more detailed explanation of total and Tier 1 capital and how they are calculated is presented in the section entitled “Capital,” which begins on page 55. |
Long-term goals
Key’s long-term financial goals are to achieve an annual return on average equity in the range of 16% to 18% and to grow earnings per common share at an annual rate of 8% to 10%. The strategy for achieving these goals is described under the heading “Corporate Strategy” on page 20 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
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Key from time-to-time uses capital that exceeds internal guidelines and minimum regulatory requirements to repurchase common shares in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions. As a result of such repurchases, Key’s weighted-average fully-diluted common shares decreased to 403.5 million shares for the first three months of 2007 from 413.1 million shares for the same period last year. Reducing the share count can foster both earnings per share growth and improved returns on average equity, but Key’s share repurchase activity was not significant enough to cause a material effect on either of these profitability measures in either the current or prior year periods.
Forward-looking statements
This report may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements about our long-term goals, financial condition, results of operations, earnings, levels of net loan charge-offs and nonperforming assets, interest rate exposure and profitability. These statements usually can be identified by the use of forward-looking language such as “our goal,” “our objective,” “our plan,” “will likely result,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “projects,” “believes,” “estimates,” or other similar words, expressions or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “could,” and “should.”
Forward-looking statements express management’s current expectations, forecasts of future events or long-term goals and, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Although management believes that the expectations, forecasts and goals reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including the following factors:
¨ | | Interest rates could change more quickly or more significantly than management expects, which may have an adverse effect on Key’s financial results. |
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¨ | | Trade, monetary and fiscal policies of various governmental bodies may affect the economic environment in which Key operates, as well as its financial condition and results of operations. |
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¨ | | Adversity in general economic conditions, or in the condition of the local economies or industries in which Key has significant operations or assets, could, among other things, materially impact credit quality trends and Key’s ability to generate loans. |
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¨ | | Increased competitive pressure among financial services companies may adversely affect Key’s ability to market its products and services. |
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¨ | | It could take Key longer than anticipated to implement strategic initiatives designed to grow revenue or manage expenses; Key may be unable to implement certain initiatives; or the initiatives may be unsuccessful. |
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¨ | | Acquisitions and dispositions of assets, business units or affiliates could adversely affect Key in ways that management has not anticipated. |
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¨ | | Key may experience operational or risk management failures due to technological or other factors. |
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¨ | | Key may continue to become subject to heightened regulatory practices, requirements or expectations. |
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¨ | | Key may become subject to new legal obligations or liabilities, or the unfavorable resolution of pending litigation may have an adverse effect on its financial results. |
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¨ | | Changes in the stock markets, public debt markets and other capital markets could adversely affect Key’s ability to raise capital or other funding for liquidity and business purposes, as well as its revenues from client-based underwriting, investment banking and other capital markets businesses. |
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¨ | | Terrorist activities or military actions could disrupt the economy and the general business climate, which may have an adverse effect on Key’s financial results or condition and that of its borrowers. |
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¨ | | Key may become subject to new accounting, tax or regulatory practices or requirements. |
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Critical accounting policies and estimates
Key’s business is dynamic and complex. Consequently, management must exercise judgment in choosing and applying accounting policies and methodologies in many areas. These choices are important; not only are they necessary to comply with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), they also reflect management’s view of the most appropriate manner in which to record and report Key’s overall financial performance. All accounting policies are important, and all policies described in Note 1 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”), which begins on page 67 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders, should be reviewed for a greater understanding of how Key’s financial performance is recorded and reported.
In management’s opinion, some accounting policies are more likely than others to have a significant effect on Key’s financial results and to expose those results to potentially greater volatility. These policies apply to areas of relatively greater business importance, or require management to exercise judgment, and to make assumptions and estimates that affect amounts reported in the financial statements. Because these assumptions and estimates are based on current circumstances, they may change over time or prove to be inaccurate.
Key relies heavily on the use of judgment, assumptions and estimates in a number of important areas, including accounting for the allowance for loan losses; loan securitizations; contingent liabilities, guarantees and income taxes; derivatives and related hedging activities; principal investments; goodwill; and pension and other postretirement obligations. A brief discussion of each of these areas appears on pages 20 through 22 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
During the first quarter of 2007, there were no significant changes in the manner in which Key’s critical accounting policies were applied or in which related assumptions and estimates were developed. Additionally, no new critical accounting policies were adopted.
Highlights of Key’s Performance
Financial performance
Key’s first quarter 2007 income from continuing operations was $358 million, or $.89 per diluted common share. This compares to income from continuing operations – before the cumulative effect of an accounting change – of $274 million, or $.66 per share, for the first quarter of 2006 and income from continuing operations of $311 million, or $.76 per share, for the fourth quarter of 2006.
Net income totaled $350 million, or $.87 per diluted common share, for the first quarter of 2007, compared to net income of $289 million, or $.70 per share, for the first quarter of 2006 and $146 million, or $.36 per share, for the fourth quarter of 2006.
Figure 1 shows Key’s continuing and discontinued operating results and related performance ratios for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007, December 31, 2006, and March 31, 2006. Key’s financial performance for each of the past five quarters is summarized in Figure 3 on page 37.
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Figure 1. Results of Operations
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
dollars in millions, except per share amounts | | 1Q07 | | | 4Q06 | | | 1Q06 | |
|
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of accounting change | | $ | 358 | | | $ | 311 | | | $ | 274 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | | | (8 | ) | | | (165 | )a | | | 10 | |
Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of taxes | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5 | |
|
Net income | | $ | 350 | | | $ | 146 | | | $ | 289 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
PER COMMON SHARE — ASSUMING DILUTIONb | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of accounting change | | $ | .89 | | | $ | .76 | | | $ | .66 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | | | (.02 | ) | | | (.40 | )a | | | .02 | |
Cumulative effect of accounting change | | | — | | | | — | | | | .01 | |
|
Net income | | $ | .87 | | | $ | .36 | | | $ | .70 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
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PERFORMANCE RATIOS | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From continuing operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return on average total assets | | | 1.58 | % | | | 1.33 | % | | | 1.23 | % |
Return on average equity | | | 19.06 | | | | 15.63 | | | | 14.67 | |
From consolidated operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return on average total assets | | | 1.54 | % | | | .61 | % | | | 1.26 | % |
Return on average equity | | | 18.63 | | | | 7.34 | | | | 15.48 | |
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(a) | | Includes a $170 million, or $.42 per share, write-off of goodwill associated with Key’s 1997 acquisition of Champion, and a net after-tax credit of $5 million, or $.01 per share, from the net gain on sale of the Champion Mortgage loan portfolio and disposal transaction costs. |
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(b) | | Earnings per share may not foot due to rounding. |
Key’s results for the first quarter of 2007 were affected by strategic actions taken to improve its business mix and to reposition the balance sheet. During the first quarter, Key completed the previously announced sales of the McDonald Investments branch network and the Champion Mortgage loan origination platform. Both transactions are consistent with Key’s strategy of focusing on core relationship businesses and exiting those areas in which it does not have either the scale or opportunity to build profitable client relationships.
During the first quarter, Key also repositioned the securities portfolio in response to changing market conditions. Management expects this change to enhance Key’s future financial performance, particularly in the event of a decline in interest rates. For more detailed information regarding the repositioning and composition of the securities portfolio, see the section entitled “Securities,” which begins on page 53.
Also, as previously disclosed, Key reached a favorable settlement with regard to the automobile residual value insurance litigation.
The effect of the above actions on Key’s income from continuing operations for the first quarter of 2007 is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. First Quarter 2007 Adjusted Results
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Pre-tax | | | After-tax | | | EPS | |
in millions, except per share data | | Amount | | | Amount | | | Impact | |
|
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS | | $ | 505 | | | $ | 358 | | | $ | .89 | |
McDonald Investments branch networka | | | (159 | ) | | | (99 | ) | | | (.25 | ) |
Litigation settlement gain — automobile residual value insurance | | | (26 | ) | | | (17 | ) | | | (.04 | ) |
Loss from repositioning of securities portfolio | | | 49 | | | | 31 | | | | .08 | |
|
ADJUSTED EARNINGS | | $ | 369 | | | $ | 273 | | | $ | .68 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
(a) | | Represents the financial effect of the McDonald Investments branch network, including a gain of $171 million ($107 million after tax, $.26 per diluted common share) from the February 9 sale, on Key’s results for the first quarter of 2007. |
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Key’s top four priorities for 2007 are to profitably grow revenue, institutionalize a culture of compliance and accountability, maintain a strong credit culture and improve operating leverage so that revenue growth outpaces expense growth. During the first quarter:
¨ | | Key’s noninterest income rose by $25 million from the first quarter of 2006 after excluding the $171 million gain associated with the sale of the McDonald Investments branch network, the $49 million loss recorded in connection with the repositioning of the securities portfolio and the $26 million gain from the settlement of the automobile residual value insurance litigation. A significant improvement in principal investing results accounted for the increase. Net interest income decreased by $15 million from the year-ago quarter as tighter interest rate spreads on loans and deposits more than offset the positive effect of a 3% increase in average commercial loans. The growth in Key’s commercial loan portfolio was geographically broad-based and spread among a number of industry sectors. |
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¨ | | Key continued to strengthen its compliance and operations infrastructure, which is designed to detect and prevent money laundering in accordance with the requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act. |
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¨ | | Asset quality declined slightly from one year ago, but is still good compared to historical measures. |
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¨ | | Key continued to manage expenses effectively. Key’s total noninterest expense grew by 4% from the first quarter of 2006, due in part to additional costs incurred in connection with the sale of the McDonald Investments branch network. |
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¨ | | Further, Key continues to effectively manage its equity capital through dividends paid to shareholders, share repurchases, and investing in its businesses. During the first quarter, Key repurchased 8.0 million of its common shares. At March 31, 2007, Key’s tangible equity to tangible assets ratio was 6.97%. |
The primary reasons that Key’s revenue and expense components changed from those reported for the first quarter of 2006 are reviewed in greater detail throughout the remainder of the Management’s Discussion & Analysis section.
Strategic developments
Key has taken a number of specific actions during 2007 and 2006 to support its corporate strategy.
¨ | | On February 9, 2007, McDonald Investments Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of KeyCorp, sold its branch network, which included approximately 570 financial advisors and field support staff, and certain fixed assets. Key has retained the corporate and institutional businesses, including Institutional Equities and Equity Research, Debt Capital Markets and Investment Banking. In addition, KBNA continues to operate the Wealth Management, Trust and Private Banking businesses. On April 16, 2007, Key renamed its registered broker/dealer through which its corporate and institutional investment banking and securities businesses operate. The new name is KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. |
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¨ | | On November 29, 2006, Key sold the nonprime mortgage loan portfolio held by the Champion Mortgage finance business. Key completed the sale of the Champion loan origination platform on February 28, 2007. |
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¨ | | On April 1, 2006, Key broadened its asset management product line by acquiring Austin Capital Management, Ltd., an investment firm headquartered in Austin, Texas with approximately $900 million in assets under management at the date of acquisition. Austin specializes in selecting and managing hedge fund investments for its principally institutional customer base. |
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Figure 3. Selected Financial Data
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
dollars in millions, except per share amounts | | First | | | Fourth | | | Third | | | Second | | | First | |
|
FOR THE QUARTER | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 1,368 | | | $ | 1,413 | | | $ | 1,389 | | | $ | 1,327 | | | $ | 1,251 | |
Interest expense | | | 689 | | | | 701 | | | | 684 | | | | 623 | | | | 557 | |
Net interest income | | | 679 | | | | 712 | | | | 705 | | | | 704 | | | | 694 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 44 | | | | 53 | | | | 35 | | | | 23 | | | | 39 | |
Noninterest income | | | 654 | | | | 558 | | | | 543 | | | | 545 | | | | 481 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 784 | | | | 809 | | | | 790 | | | | 798 | | | | 752 | |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and cumulative effect of accounting change | | | 505 | | | | 408 | | | | 423 | | | | 428 | | | | 384 | |
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of accounting change | | | 358 | | | | 311 | | | | 305 | | | | 303 | | | | 274 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | | | (8 | ) | | | (165 | ) | | | 7 | | | | 5 | | | | 10 | |
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change | | | 350 | | | | 146 | | | | 312 | | | | 308 | | | | 284 | |
Net income | | | 350 | | | | 146 | | | | 312 | | | | 308 | | | | 289 | |
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PER COMMON SHARE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of accounting change | | $ | .90 | | | $ | .77 | | | $ | .76 | | | $ | .75 | | | $ | .67 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | | | (.02 | ) | | | (.41 | ) | | | .02 | | | | .01 | | | | .02 | |
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change | | | .88 | | | | .36 | | | | .77 | | | | .76 | | | | .70 | |
Net income | | | .88 | | | | .36 | | | | .77 | | | | .76 | | | | .71 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of accounting change — assuming dilution | | | .89 | | | | .76 | | | | .74 | | | | .74 | | | | .66 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations — assuming dilution | | | (.02 | ) | | | (.40 | ) | | | .02 | | | | .01 | | | | .02 | |
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change — assuming dilution | | | .87 | | | | .36 | | | | .76 | | | | .75 | | | | .69 | |
Net income — assuming dilution | | | .87 | | | | .36 | | | | .76 | | | | .75 | | | | .70 | |
|
Cash dividends declared | | | .365 | | | | .345 | | | | .345 | | | | .345 | | | | .345 | |
Book value at period end | | | 19.57 | | | | 19.30 | | | | 19.73 | | | | 19.21 | | | | 18.85 | |
Market price: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
High | | | 39.90 | | | | 38.63 | | | | 38.15 | | | | 38.31 | | | | 37.67 | |
Low | | | 35.94 | | | | 35.73 | | | | 34.48 | | | | 34.24 | | | | 32.68 | |
Close | | | 37.47 | | | | 38.03 | | | | 37.44 | | | | 35.68 | | | | 36.80 | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (000) | | | 397,875 | | | | 402,329 | | | | 403,780 | | | | 404,528 | | | | 407,386 | |
Weighted-average common shares and potential common shares outstanding (000) | | | 403,478 | | | | 407,828 | | | | 409,428 | | | | 410,559 | | | | 413,140 | |
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AT PERIOD END | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans | | $ | 65,711 | | | $ | 65,826 | | | $ | 65,551 | | | $ | 67,408 | | | $ | 66,980 | |
Earning assets | | | 81,263 | | | | 80,090 | | | | 83,132 | | | | 81,737 | | | | 81,087 | |
Total assets | | | 93,219 | | | | 92,337 | | | | 96,155 | | | | 94,794 | | | | 93,391 | |
Deposits | | | 59,773 | | | | 59,116 | | | | 61,429 | | | | 60,838 | | | | 59,402 | |
Long-term debt | | | 13,061 | | | | 14,533 | | | | 13,654 | | | | 14,050 | | | | 14,032 | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 7,719 | | | | 7,703 | | | | 7,947 | | | | 7,737 | | | | 7,638 | |
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PERFORMANCE RATIOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From continuing operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return on average total assets | | | 1.58 | % | | | 1.33 | % | | | 1.31 | % | | | 1.33 | % | | | 1.23 | % |
Return on average equity | | | 19.06 | | | | 15.63 | | | | 15.52 | | | | 15.85 | | | | 14.67 | |
Net interest margin (taxable equivalent) | | | 3.50 | | | | 3.66 | | | | 3.61 | | | | 3.68 | | | | 3.72 | |
From consolidated operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Return of average total assets | | | 1.54 | % | | | .61 | % | | | 1.30 | % | | | 1.32 | % | | | 1.26 | % |
Return of average equity | | | 18.63 | | | | 7.34 | | | | 15.88 | | | | 16.11 | | | | 15.48 | |
Net interest margin (taxable equivalent) | | | 3.51 | | | | 3.69 | | | | 3.63 | | | | 3.69 | | | | 3.77 | |
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CAPITAL RATIOS AT PERIOD END | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity to assets | | | 8.28 | % | | | 8.34 | % | | | 8.26 | % | | | 8.16 | % | | | 8.18 | % |
Tangible equity to tangible assets | | | 6.97 | | | | 7.01 | | | | 6.81 | | | | 6.68 | | | | 6.71 | |
Tier 1 risk-based capital | | | 8.15 | | | | 8.24 | | | | 8.02 | | | | 7.90 | | | | 7.64 | |
Total risk-based capital | | | 12.20 | | | | 12.43 | | | | 12.13 | | | | 12.08 | | | | 11.91 | |
Leverage | | | 9.17 | | | | 8.98 | | | | 8.89 | | | | 8.82 | | | | 8.52 | |
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TRUST AND BROKERAGE ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets under management | | $ | 82,388 | | | $ | 84,699 | | | $ | 84,060 | | | $ | 80,349 | | | $ | 79,558 | |
Nonmanaged and brokerage assets | | | 32,838 | | | | 56,292 | | | | 55,221 | | | | 57,682 | | | | 56,944 | |
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OTHER DATA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average full-time equivalent employees | | | 19,801 | | | | 20,100 | | | | 20,264 | | | | 19,931 | | | | 19,694 | |
Branches | | | 950 | | | | 950 | | | | 949 | | | | 946 | | | | 945 | |
|
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Line of Business Results
This section summarizes the financial performance and related strategic developments of Key’s two major business groups: Community Banking and National Banking. To better understand this discussion, see Note 4 (“Line of Business Results”), which begins on page 12. Note 4 describes the products and services offered by each of these business groups, provides more detailed financial information pertaining to the groups and their respective lines of business, and explains “Other Segments” and “Reconciling Items.”
Figure 4 summarizes the contribution made by each major business group to Key’s taxable-equivalent revenue and income (loss) from continuing operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006. Key’s line of business results for each of these periods reflect a new organizational structure that took effect January 1, 2007.
Figure 4. Major Business Groups – Taxable-Equivalent Revenue and Income (Loss)
from Continuing Operations
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | Change | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
|
REVENUE FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS (TE) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Community Banking | | $ | 800 | | | $ | 650 | | | $ | 150 | | | | 23.1 | % |
National Banking | | | 605 | | | | 584 | | | | 21 | | | | 3.6 | |
Other Segments | | | (20 | ) | | | (7 | ) | | | (13 | ) | | | (185.7 | ) |
|
Total Segments | | | 1,385 | | | | 1,227 | | | | 158 | | | | 12.9 | |
Reconciling Items | | | (31 | ) | | | (24 | ) | | | (7 | ) | | | (29.2 | ) |
|
Total | | $ | 1,354 | | | $ | 1,203 | | | $ | 151 | | | | 12.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Community Banking | | $ | 198 | | | $ | 103 | | | $ | 95 | | | | 92.2 | % |
National Banking | | | 163 | | | | 171 | | | | (8 | ) | | | (4.7 | ) |
Other Segments | | | (9 | ) | | | — | | | | (9 | ) | | | N/M | |
|
Total Segments | | | 352 | | | | 274 | | | | 78 | | | | 28.5 | |
Reconciling Items | | | 6 | | | | — | | | | 6 | | | | N/M | |
|
Total | | $ | 358 | | | $ | 274 | | | $ | 84 | | | | 30.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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TE = Taxable Equivalent, N/M = Not Meaningful
Community Banking summary of operations
As shown in Figure 5, net income for Community Banking was $198 million for the first quarter of 2007, up from $103 million for the year-ago quarter. The improvement was attributable primarily to growth in noninterest income resulting from the gain associated with the sale of the McDonald Investments branch network during the first quarter of 2007. In addition, Community Banking experienced a lower provision for loan losses. The positive effects of these items were offset in part by a decrease in net interest income and higher noninterest expense.
Taxable-equivalent net interest income decreased by $11 million, or 3%, from the first quarter of 2006. The decrease was attributable to a reduction in, and a tighter interest rate spread on, average earning assets, along with a continued shift from transaction accounts and money market deposit accounts to higher-cost certificates of deposit.
Excluding the $171 million gain associated with the sale of the McDonald Investments branch network, noninterest income decreased by $10 million, or 5%, from the year-ago quarter. A reduction in brokerage commissions caused by the McDonald sale was offset in part by an increase in service charges on deposit accounts.
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The provision for loan losses decreased by $15 million, or 52%, as a result of lower net loan charge-offs and an improved credit risk profile.
Noninterest expense grew by $13 million, or 3%, reflecting additional costs incurred in connection with the McDonald sale. Personnel expense and net occupancy expense also contributed to the growth.
Figure 5. Community Banking
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | | | Change | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
|
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income (TE) | | $ | 418 | | | $ | 429 | | | $ | (11 | ) | | | (2.6 | )% |
Noninterest income | | | 382 | | | | 221 | | | | 161 | | | | 72.9 | |
|
Total revenue (TE) | | | 800 | | | | 650 | | | | 150 | | | | 23.1 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 14 | | | | 29 | | | | (15 | ) | | | (51.7 | ) |
Noninterest expense | | | 469 | | | | 456 | | | | 13 | | | | 2.9 | |
|
Income before income taxes (TE) | | | 317 | | | | 165 | | | | 152 | | | | 92.1 | |
Allocated income taxes and TE adjustments | | | 119 | | | | 62 | | | | 57 | | | | 91.9 | |
|
Net income | | $ | 198 | | | $ | 103 | | | $ | 95 | | | | 92.2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Percent of consolidated income from continuing operations | | | 55 | % | | | 38 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AVERAGE BALANCES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and leases | | $ | 26,426 | | | $ | 26,765 | | | $ | (339 | ) | | | (1.3 | )% |
Total assets | | | 29,240 | | | | 29,817 | | | | (577 | ) | | | (1.9 | ) |
Deposits | | | 46,581 | | | | 45,830 | | | | 751 | | | | 1.6 | |
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TE = Taxable Equivalent, N/A = Not Applicable
ADDITIONAL COMMUNITY BANKING DATA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | | | Change | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
|
AVERAGE DEPOSITS OUTSTANDING | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Noninterest-bearing | | $ | 7,737 | | | $ | 8,097 | | | $ | (360 | ) | | | (4.4 | )% |
Money market and other savings | | | 21,257 | | | | 21,978 | | | | (721 | ) | | | (3.3 | ) |
Time | | | 17,587 | | | | 15,755 | | | | 1,832 | | | | 11.6 | |
|
Total deposits | | $ | 46,581 | | | $ | 45,830 | | | $ | 751 | | | | 1.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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HOME EQUITY LOANS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average balance | | $ | 9,677 | | | $ | 10,151 | |
Weighted-average loan-to-value ratio | | | 70 | % | | | 70 | % | |
Percent first lien positions | | | 59 | | | | 61 | |
| | | | | | | | |
OTHER DATA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
On-line households/household penetration | | | 687,263 / 53 | % | | | 631,523 / 51 | % |
Branches | | | 950 | | | | 945 | |
Automated teller machines | | | 1,447 | | | | 2,169 | |
| | | | | | | | |
National Banking summary of continuing operations
As shown in Figure 6, income from continuing operations for National Banking was $163 million for the first quarter of 2007, compared to $171 million for the same period last year. A decrease in net interest income, along with increases in the provision for loan losses and noninterest expense, accounted for the reduction and more than offset an increase in noninterest income.
Taxable-equivalent net interest income decreased by $6 million, or 2%, from the first quarter of 2006, due primarily to a tighter interest rate spread on average earning assets.
Noninterest income for the first quarter of 2007 included a $26 million gain from the settlement of the automobile residual value insurance litigation. In the first quarter of 2006, income from investment banking and capital markets activities included a $25 million gain from the initial public offering completed by the New York Stock Exchange. Excluding these gains, noninterest income increased by $26 million, or 12%, from the first quarter of 2006. Higher income from operating leases, trust and investment services, and investment banking and capital markets activities drove the improvement.
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The provision for loan losses rose by $20 million, reflecting a higher level of net loan charge-offs.
Noninterest expense grew by $14 million, or 5%, due to increases in personnel expense and costs associated with operating leases. These increases were partially offset by decreases in a variety of other expense categories.
Figure 6. National Banking
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | | | Change | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
|
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income (TE) | | $ | 341 | | | $ | 347 | | | $ | (6 | ) | | | (1.7 | )% |
Noninterest income | | | 264 | | | | 237 | | | | 27 | | | | 11.4 | |
|
Total revenue (TE) | | | 605 | | | | 584 | | | | 21 | | | | 3.6 | |
Provision for loan losses | | | 30 | | | | 10 | | | | 20 | | | | 200.0 | |
Noninterest expense | | | 314 | | | | 300 | | | | 14 | | | | 4.7 | |
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes (TE) | | | 261 | | | | 274 | | | | (13 | ) | | | (4.7 | ) |
Allocated income taxes and TE adjustments | | | 98 | | | | 103 | | | | (5 | ) | | | (4.9 | ) |
|
Income from continuing operations | | | 163 | | | | 171 | | | | (8 | ) | | | (4.7 | ) |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | | | (8 | ) | | | 10 | | | | (18 | ) | | | N/M | |
|
Net income | | $ | 155 | | | $ | 181 | | | $ | (26 | ) | | | (14.4 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Percent of consolidated income from continuing operations | | | 46 | % | | | 62 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AVERAGE BALANCES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and leases | | $ | 38,869 | | | $ | 37,046 | | | $ | 1,823 | | | | 4.9 | % |
Loans held for sale | | | 3,917 | | | | 3,683 | | | | 234 | | | | 6.4 | |
Total assets | | | 48,480 | | | | 46,786 | | | | 1,694 | | | | 3.6 | |
Deposits | | | 11,231 | | | | 9,952 | | | | 1,279 | | | | 12.9 | |
|
TE = Taxable Equivalent, N/A = Not Applicable, N/M = Not Meaningful
Other Segments
Other Segments consist of Corporate Treasury and Key’s Principal Investing unit. These segments generated a net loss of $9 million for the first quarter of 2007, compared to net income of less than $1 million for the same period last year. A $49 million loss recorded in the current quarter in connection with the repositioning of the securities portfolio was offset in part by a $32 million improvement in principal investing results.
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Results of Operations
Net interest income
One of Key’s principal sources of revenue is net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income received on earning assets (such as loans and securities) and loan-related fee income, and interest expense paid on deposits and borrowings. There are several factors that affect net interest income, including:
¨ | | the volume, pricing, mix and maturity of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; |
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¨ | | the volume and value of net free funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and equity capital; |
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¨ | | the use of derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk; |
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¨ | | interest rate fluctuations and competitive conditions within the marketplace; and |
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¨ | | asset quality. |
To make it easier to compare results among several periods and the yields on various types of earning assets (some taxable, some not), we present net interest income in this discussion on a “taxable-equivalent basis” (i.e., as if it were all taxable and at the same rate). For example, $100 of tax-exempt income would be presented as $154, an amount that—if taxed at the statutory federal income tax rate of 35%—would yield $100.
Figure 7, which spans pages 43 and 44, shows the various components of Key’s balance sheet that affect interest income and expense, and their respective yields or rates over the past five quarters. This figure also presents a reconciliation of taxable-equivalent net interest income for each of those quarters to net interest income reported in accordance with GAAP.
Taxable-equivalent net interest income was $700 million for the first quarter of 2007, compared to $722 million for the year-ago quarter. The net interest margin, which is an indicator of the profitability of the earning asset portfolio, is calculated by dividing net interest income by average earning assets. Key’s net interest margin declined by 22 basis points to 3.50% for the first three months of 2007. A basis point is equal to one one-hundredth of a percentage point, meaning 22 basis points equal .22%.
The reductions in net interest income and the net interest margin were attributable to tighter interest rate spreads on loans, reflecting the continuation of competitive pricing, and tighter interest rate spreads on deposits caused by a continued shift from transaction accounts and money market deposit accounts to higher-cost certificates of deposit. Additionally, as part of the sale of the McDonald Investments branch network, Key transferred approximately $1.3 billion of money market deposit accounts to the buyer. Management expects Key’s net interest income and net interest margin to benefit from a recent repositioning of the securities portfolio. During the first quarter of 2007, Key sold $2.4 billion of shorter-maturity, agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations and reinvested the proceeds in agency-issued securities with higher yields and longer expected average maturities.
Average earning assets for the first quarter of 2007 totaled $80.2 billion, which was $2.0 billion, or 3%, higher than the first quarter 2006 level, due largely to an increase in commercial loans.
Since December 31, 2005, the growth and composition of Key’s earning assets have been affected by the following loan sales, most of which came from the held-for-sale portfolio:
¨ | | Key sold commercial mortgage loans of $688 million during the first quarter of 2007 and $2.6 billion during all of 2006. Since some of these loans have been sold with limited recourse (i.e., there is a risk that Key will be held accountable for certain events or representations made in the sales agreements), |
41
| | Key established and has maintained a loss reserve in an amount estimated by management to be appropriate. More information about the related recourse agreement is provided in Note 13 (“Contingent Liabilities and Guarantees”) under the heading “Recourse agreement with Federal National Mortgage Association” on page 27. |
|
¨ | | Key sold education loans of $61 million during the first quarter of 2007 and $1.4 billion ($1.1 billion through a securitization) during all of 2006. Key uses the securitization market for education loans to diversify funding sources. |
|
¨ | | Key sold other loans totaling $443 million during the first quarter of 2007 and $3.2 billion during all of 2006. This included the fourth quarter 2006 sale of the $2.5 billion nonprime mortgage loan portfolio held by the Champion Mortgage finance business. The Champion business no longer fit strategically with Key’s longer-term business goals and continued focus on Community Banking and relationship-oriented businesses. |
42
Figure 7. Average Balance Sheets, Net Interest Income and Yields/Rates
From Continuing Operations
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | First Quarter 2007 | | | Fourth Quarter 2006 | |
| | Average | | | | | | | Yield/ | | | Average | | | | | | | Yield/ | |
dollars in millions | | Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate | | | Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate | |
|
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loansa,b | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | | $ | 21,562 | | | $ | 392 | | | | 7.38 | % | | $ | 21,384 | | | $ | 400 | | | | 7.42 | % |
Real estate — commercial mortgage | | | 8,426 | | | | 163 | | | | 7.83 | | | | 8,399 | | | | 167 | | | | 7.86 | |
Real estate — construction | | | 8,227 | | | | 166 | | | | 8.20 | | | | 8,347 | | | | 174 | | | | 8.25 | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 10,094 | | | | 146 | | | | 5.78 | | | | 9,891 | | | | 160 | | | | 6.47 | |
|
Total commercial loans | | | 48,309 | | | | 867 | | | | 7.26 | | | | 48,021 | | | | 901 | | | | 7.44 | |
Real estate — residential | | | 1,444 | | | | 24 | | | | 6.60 | | | | 1,428 | | | | 24 | | | | 6.59 | |
Home equity | | | 10,706 | | | | 191 | | | | 7.22 | | | | 10,896 | | | | 197 | | | | 7.22 | |
Consumer — direct | | | 1,450 | | | | 36 | | | | 10.15 | | | | 1,557 | | | | 34 | | | | 8.63 | |
Consumer — indirect | | | 3,760 | | | | 64 | | | | 6.79 | | | | 3,671 | | | | 62 | | | | 6.85 | |
|
Total consumer loans | | | 17,360 | | | | 315 | | | | 7.32 | | | | 17,552 | | | | 317 | | | | 7.21 | |
|
Total loans | | | 65,669 | | | | 1,182 | | | | 7.28 | | | | 65,573 | | | | 1,218 | | | | 7.38 | |
Loans held for sale | | | 3,940 | | | | 75 | | | | 7.70 | | | | 4,547 | | | | 90 | | | | 7.86 | |
Investment securitiesa | | | 39 | | | | 1 | | | | 7.21 | | | | 38 | | | | 1 | | | | 7.68 | |
Securities available for salec | | | 7,548 | | | | 100 | | | | 5.27 | | | | 7,765 | | | | 96 | | | | 4.88 | |
Short-term investments | | | 1,607 | | | | 18 | | | | 4.55 | | | | 1,584 | | | | 16 | | | | 4.04 | |
Other investmentsc | | | 1,400 | | | | 13 | | | | 3.65 | | | | 1,351 | | | | 24 | | | | 6.76 | |
|
Total earning assets | | | 80,203 | | | | 1,389 | | | | 6.99 | | | | 80,858 | | | | 1,445 | | | | 7.09 | |
Allowance for loan losses | | | (942 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (941 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Accrued income and other assets | | | 12,835 | | | | | | | | | | | | 13,129 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total assets | | $ | 92,096 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 93,046 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NOW and money market deposit accounts | | $ | 23,424 | | | | 177 | | | | 3.06 | | | $ | 25,136 | | | | 198 | | | | 3.13 | |
Savings deposits | | | 1,629 | | | | 1 | | | | .19 | | | | 1,651 | | | | 1 | | | | .19 | |
Certificates of deposit ($100,000 or more) d | | | 6,151 | | | | 76 | | | | 5.03 | | | | 6,013 | | | | 75 | | | | 4.93 | |
Other time deposits | | | 12,063 | | | | 138 | | | | 4.64 | | | | 11,921 | | | | 136 | | | | 4.50 | |
Deposits in foreign office e | | | 3,258 | | | | 41 | | | | 5.12 | | | | 2,245 | | | | 30 | | | | 5.55 | |
|
Total interest-bearing deposits | | | 46,525 | | | | 433 | | | | 3.77 | | | | 46,966 | | | | 440 | | | | 3.72 | |
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements e | | | 3,903 | | | | 49 | | | | 5.04 | | | | 2,816 | | | | 37 | | | | 5.21 | |
Bank notes and other short-term borrowings | | | 1,113 | | | | 11 | | | | 3.98 | | | | 1,814 | | | | 19 | | | | 4.17 | |
Long-term debtd, e | | | 13,617 | | | | 196 | | | | 5.90 | | | | 14,092 | | | | 205 | | | | 5.80 | |
|
Total interest-bearing liabilities | | | 65,158 | | | | 689 | | | | 4.29 | | | | 65,688 | | | | 701 | | | | 4.24 | |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | | | 13,237 | | | | | | | | | | | | 13,424 | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued expense and other liabilities | | | 6,083 | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,041 | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 7,618 | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,893 | | | | | | | | | |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 92,096 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 93,046 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate spread (TE) | | | | | | | | | | | 2.70 | % | | | | | | �� | | | | | 2.85 | % |
|
Net interest income (TE) and net interest margin (TE) | | | | | | | 700 | | | | 3.50 | % | | | | | | | 744 | | | | 3.66 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
TE adjustmenta | | | | | | | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | 32 | | | | | |
|
Net interest income, GAAP basis | | | | | | $ | 679 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 712 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | |
(a) | | Interest income on tax-exempt securities and loans has been adjusted to a taxable-equivalent basis using the statutory federal |
|
| | income tax rate of 35%. |
|
(b) | | For purposes of these computations, nonaccrual loans are included in average loan balances. |
|
(c) | | Yield is calculated on the basis of amortized cost. |
|
(d) | | Rate calculation excludes basis adjustments related to fair value hedges. |
|
(e) | | Results from continuing operations exclude the dollar amount of liabilities assumed necessary to support interest-earning assets held by the discontinued Champion Mortgage finance business. The interest expense related to these liabilities, which also is excluded from continuing operations, was calculated using a matched funds transfer pricing methodology. |
TE = Taxable Equivalent
43
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Third Quarter 2006 | | | Second Quarter 2006 | | | First Quarter 2006 | |
| | Average | | | | | | | Yield/ | | | Average | | | | | | | Yield/ | | | Average | | | | | | | Yield/ | |
| | Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate | | | Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate | | | Balance | | | Interest | | | Rate | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 21,648 | | | $ | 400 | | | | 7.34 | % | | $ | 21,970 | | | $ | 390 | | | | 7.12 | % | | $ | 21,720 | | | $ | 357 | | | | 6.66 | % |
|
| | | 8,106 | | | | 164 | | | | 8.04 | | | | 8,071 | | | | 153 | | | | 7.59 | | | | 8,089 | | | | 144 | | | | 7.23 | |
| | | 7,965 | | | | 171 | | | | 8.51 | | | | 7,570 | | | | 152 | | | | 8.07 | | | | 7,312 | | | | 138 | | | | 7.66 | |
| | | 9,850 | | | | 144 | | | | 5.83 | | | | 9,764 | | | | 148 | | | | 6.05 | | | | 9,581 | | | | 143 | | | | 5.98 | |
| | |
| | | 47,569 | | | | 879 | | | | 7.34 | | | | 47,375 | | | | 843 | | | | 7.13 | | | | 46,702 | | | | 782 | | | | 6.78 | |
| | | 1,415 | | | | 23 | | | | 6.49 | | | | 1,430 | | | | 24 | | | | 6.54 | | | | 1,450 | | | | 23 | | | | 6.33 | |
| | | 11,017 | | | | 200 | | | | 7.19 | | | | 11,003 | | | | 193 | | | | 7.02 | | | | 10,971 | | | | 184 | | | | 6.82 | |
| | | 1,585 | | | | 36 | | | | 9.07 | | | | 1,685 | | | | 41 | | | | 9.64 | | | | 1,730 | | | | 41 | | | | 9.66 | |
| | | 3,594 | | | | 61 | | | | 6.83 | | | | 3,503 | | | | 57 | | | | 6.66 | | | | 3,367 | | | | 57 | | | | 6.66 | |
| | |
| | | 17,611 | | | | 320 | | | | 7.23 | | | | 17,621 | | | | 315 | | | | 7.16 | | | | 17,518 | | | | 305 | | | | 7.03 | |
| | |
| | | 65,180 | | | | 1,199 | | | | 7.31 | | | | 64,996 | | | | 1,158 | | | | 7.14 | | | | 64,220 | | | | 1,087 | | | | 6.85 | |
| | | 4,578 | | | | 94 | | | | 8.17 | | | | 3,844 | | | | 73 | | | | 7.64 | | | | 3,692 | | | | 68 | | | | 7.44 | |
| | | 42 | | | | 1 | | | | 8.12 | | | | 46 | | | | 1 | | | | 8.01 | | | | 61 | | | | 1 | | | | 6.34 | |
| | | 7,216 | | | | 84 | | | | 4.61 | | | | 7,075 | | | | 84 | | | | 4.71 | | | | 7,148 | | | | 83 | | | | 4.61 | |
| | | 1,588 | | | | 16 | | | | 3.78 | | | | 1,678 | | | | 16 | | | | 3.89 | | | | 1,746 | | | | 15 | | | | 3.61 | |
| | | 1,363 | | | | 16 | | | | 4.67 | | | | 1,398 | | | | 17 | | | | 4.60 | | | | 1,336 | | | | 25 | | | | 7.13 | |
| | |
| | | 79,967 | | | | 1,410 | | | | 7.00 | | | | 79,037 | | | | 1,349 | | | | 6.83 | | | | 78,203 | | | | 1,279 | | | | 6.60 | |
| | | (951 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (958 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (958 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | 13,247 | | | | | | | | | | | | 13,137 | | | | | | | | | | | | 12,998 | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | $ | 92,263 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 91,216 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 90,243 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 25,230 | | | | 194 | | | | 3.05 | | | $ | 25,347 | | | | 173 | | | | 2.75 | | | $ | 24,452 | | | | 145 | | | | 2.40 | |
| | | 1,700 | | | | 1 | | | | .19 | | | | 1,752 | | | | 1 | | | | .20 | | | | 1,812 | | | | 1 | | | | .32 | |
| | | 5,517 | | | | 67 | | | | 4.82 | | | | 5,382 | | | | 61 | | | | 4.54 | | | | 5,407 | | | | 58 | | | | 4.34 | |
| | | 11,700 | | | | 127 | | | | 4.29 | | | | 11,456 | | | | 115 | | | | 4.02 | | | | 11,282 | | | | 104 | | | | 3.73 | |
| | | 2,820 | | | | 39 | | | | 5.55 | | | | 2,116 | | | | 28 | | | | 5.22 | | | | 2,030 | | | | 22 | | | | 4.40 | |
| | |
| | | 46,967 | | | | 428 | | | | 3.61 | | | | 46,053 | | | | 378 | | | | 3.29 | | | | 44,983 | | | | 330 | | | | 2.97 | |
| | | 2,315 | | | | 30 | | | | 5.05 | | | | 1,692 | | | | 20 | | | | 4.76 | | | | 2,025 | | | | 20 | | | | 3.98 | |
| | | 2,285 | | | | 24 | | | | 4.29 | | | | 2,497 | | | | 27 | | | | 4.17 | | | | 2,550 | | | | 24 | | | | 3.89 | |
| | | 13,763 | | | | 202 | | | | 5.83 | | | | 14,088 | | | | 198 | | | | 5.59 | | | | 13,991 | | | | 183 | | | | 5.27 | |
| | |
| | | 65,330 | | | | 684 | | | | 4.15 | | | | 64,330 | | | | 623 | | | | 3.87 | | | | 63,549 | | | | 557 | | | | 3.55 | |
| | | 13,073 | | | | | | | | | | | | 13,014 | | | | | | | | | | | | 12,692 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 6,063 | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,205 | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,429 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 7,797 | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,667 | | | | | | | | | | | | 7,573 | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
|
| | $ | 92,263 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 91,216 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 90,243 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 2.85 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 2.96 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 3.05 | % |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 726 | | | | 3.61 | % | | | | | | | 726 | | | | 3.68 | % | | | | | | | 722 | | | | 3.72 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | 22 | �� | | | | | | | | | | | 28 | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | | $ | 705 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 704 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 694 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
44
Figure 8 shows how the changes in yields or rates and average balances from the prior year affected net interest income. The section entitled “Financial Condition,” which begins on page 50, contains more discussion about changes in earning assets and funding sources.
Figure 8. Components of Net Interest Income Changes
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | From three months ended March 31, 2006 | |
| | to three months ended March 31, 2007 | |
| | Average | | | Yield/ | | | Net | |
in millions | | Volume | | | Rate | | | Change | |
|
INTEREST INCOME | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 70 | | | $ | 95 | |
Loans held for sale | | | 5 | | | | 2 | | | | 7 | |
Investment securities | | | (1 | ) | | | 1 | | | | — | |
Securities available for sale | | | 5 | | | | 12 | | | | 17 | |
Short-term investments | | | (1 | ) | | | 4 | | | | 3 | |
Other investments | | | 1 | | | | (13 | ) | | | (12 | ) |
|
Total interest income (TE) | | | 34 | | | | 76 | | | | 110 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
INTEREST EXPENSE | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NOW and money market deposit accounts | | | (6 | ) | | | 38 | | | | 32 | |
Certificates of deposit ($100,000 or more) | | | 9 | | | | 9 | | | | 18 | |
Other time deposits | | | 8 | | | | 26 | | | | 34 | |
Deposits in foreign office | | | 15 | | | | 4 | | | | 19 | |
|
Total interest-bearing deposits | | | 26 | | | | 77 | | | | 103 | |
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | 22 | | | | 7 | | | | 29 | |
Bank notes and other short-term borrowings | | | (14 | ) | | | 1 | | | | (13 | ) |
Long-term debt | | | (5 | ) | | | 18 | | | | 13 | |
|
Total interest expense | | | 29 | | | | 103 | | | | 132 | |
|
Net interest income (TE) | | $ | 5 | | | $ | (27 | ) | | $ | (22 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
The change in interest not due solely to volume or rate has been allocated in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.
TE = Taxable Equivalent
Noninterest income
Noninterest income for the first quarter of 2007 was $654 million, compared to $481 million for the same period last year.
Excluding the $171 million gain associated with the February 9, 2007, sale of the McDonald Investments branch network, the $49 million loss recorded in connection with the repositioning of the securities portfolio and the $26 million gain (included in “miscellaneous income”) from the settlement of the automobile residual value insurance litigation, Key’s noninterest income was $506 million for the first quarter of 2007, compared to $481 million for the year-ago quarter. As shown in Figure 9, a $32 million improvement in principal investing results accounted for the increase. Income from investment banking and capital markets activities was down due to a $25 million gain recorded in the first quarter of 2006 from the initial public offering completed by the New York Stock Exchange.
45
Figure 9. Noninterest Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | Change | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
|
Trust and investment services income | | $ | 125 | | | $ | 135 | | | $ | (10 | ) | | | (7.4 | )% |
Service charges on deposit accounts | | | 75 | | | | 72 | | | | 3 | | | | 4.2 | |
Investment banking and capital markets income | | | 44 | | | | 60 | | | | (16 | ) | | | (26.7 | ) |
Operating lease income | | | 64 | | | | 52 | | | | 12 | | | | 23.1 | |
Letter of credit and loan fees | | | 38 | | | | 40 | | | | (2 | ) | | | (5.0 | ) |
Corporate-owned life insurance income | | | 25 | | | | 25 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Electronic banking fees | | | 24 | | | | 24 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Net gains from loan securitizations and sales | | | 9 | | | | 10 | | | | (1 | ) | | | (10.0 | ) |
Net securities gains (losses) | | | (47 | ) | | | 1 | | | | (48 | ) | | | N/M | |
Gain on sale of McDonald Investments branch network | | | 171 | | | | — | | | | 171 | | | | N/M | |
Other income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Insurance income | | | 14 | | | | 14 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Loan securitization servicing fees | | | 5 | | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Credit card fees | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Net gains (losses) from principal investing | | | 29 | | | | (3 | ) | | | 32 | | | | N/M | |
Miscellaneous income | | | 75 | | | | 43 | | | | 32 | | | | 74.4 | |
|
Total other income | | | 126 | | | | 62 | | | | 64 | | | | 103.2 | |
|
Total noninterest income | | $ | 654 | | | $ | 481 | | | $ | 173 | | | | 36.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
N/M = Not Meaningful
The following discussion explains the composition of certain elements of Key’s noninterest income and the factors that caused those elements to change.
Trust and investment services income.Trust and investment services generally is Key’s largest source of noninterest income. The primary components of revenue generated by these services are shown in Figure 10. The decrease compared to the first quarter of 2006 was attributable to the sale of the McDonald Investments branch network. In the current quarter, the McDonald operation contributed $16 million to brokerage commissions and fee income, compared to $36 million for the first three months of 2006.
Figure 10. Trust and Investment Services Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | Change | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
|
Brokerage commissions and fee income | | $ | 40 | | | $ | 62 | | | $ | (22 | ) | | | (35.5 | )% |
Personal asset management and custody fees | | | 40 | | | | 39 | | | | 1 | | | | 2.6 | |
Institutional asset management and custody fees | | | 45 | | | | 34 | | | | 11 | | | | 32.4 | |
|
Total trust and investment services income | | $ | 125 | | | $ | 135 | | | $ | (10 | ) | | | (7.4 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
A significant portion of Key’s trust and investment services income depends on the value and mix of assets under management. At March 31, 2007, Key’s bank, trust and registered investment advisory subsidiaries had assets under management of $82.4 billion, compared to $79.6 billion at March 31, 2006. As shown in Figure 11, the increase was due primarily to Key’s equity portfolio, reflecting improvement in the equity markets in general. Key’s fixed income portfolio and the higher-yielding hedge funds obtained in the acquisition of Austin Capital Management, Ltd. on April 1, 2006, also contributed to the increase. The decrease in assets under management during the first quarter of 2007 was attributable to assets transferred in connection with the sale of the McDonald Investments branch network.
The growth in total assets under management was moderated by declines in the money market portfolio and Key’s securities lending business. When clients’ securities are lent to a borrower, the borrower must provide Key with cash collateral, which is invested during the term of the loan. The difference between the revenue generated from the investment and the cost of the collateral is shared with the lending client. This business, although profitable, generates a significantly lower rate of return (commensurate with the lower level of risk) than other types of assets under management.
46
Figure 11. Assets Under Management
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
in millions | | First | | | Fourth | | | Third | | | Second | | | First | |
|
Assets under management by investment type: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity | | $ | 40,065 | | | $ | 41,877 | | | $ | 39,831 | | | $ | 37,290 | | | $ | 36,405 | |
Securities lending | | | 21,608 | | | | 21,146 | | | | 22,699 | | | | 22,827 | | | | 22,985 | |
Fixed income | | | 11,420 | | | | 11,242 | | | | 11,311 | | | | 10,742 | | | | 10,882 | |
Money market | | | 8,260 | | | | 9,402 | | | | 9,298 | | | | 8,590 | | | | 9,286 | |
Hedge funds | | | 1,035 | | | | 1,032 | | | | 921 | | | | 900 | | | | — | |
|
Total | | $ | 82,388 | | | $ | 84,699 | | | $ | 84,060 | | | $ | 80,349 | | | $ | 79,558 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Proprietary mutual funds included in assets under management: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money market | | $ | 6,459 | | | $ | 7,579 | | | $ | 7,520 | | | $ | 7,014 | | | $ | 7,606 | |
Equity | | | 5,788 | | | | 5,713 | | | | 5,250 | | | | 5,039 | | | | 5,063 | |
Fixed income | | | 621 | | | | 629 | | | | 639 | | | | 653 | | | | 703 | |
|
Total | | $ | 12,868 | | | $ | 13,921 | | | $ | 13,409 | | | $ | 12,706 | | | $ | 13,372 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Investment banking and capital markets income.As shown in Figure 12, the decrease in investment banking and capital markets income was due to a reduction in income from other investments. Included in income from other investments in the year-ago quarter was a $25 million gain from the initial public offering completed by the New York Stock Exchange.
Figure 12. Investment Banking and Capital Markets Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | | | Change | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
|
Investment banking income | | $ | 21 | | | $ | 22 | | | $ | (1 | ) | | | (4.5 | )% |
Dealer trading and derivatives income | | | 8 | | | | 7 | | | | 1 | | | | 14.3 | |
Income from other investments | | | 5 | | | | 21 | | | | (16 | ) | | | (76.2 | ) |
Foreign exchange income | | | 10 | | | | 10 | | | | — | | | | — | |
|
Total investment banking and capital markets income | | $ | 44 | | | $ | 60 | | | $ | (16 | ) | | | (26.7 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Operating lease income.The increase in operating lease income compared to the first quarter of 2006 reflected a higher volume of activity in the Equipment Finance line of business. Depreciation expense related to the leased equipment is presented in Figure 13 as “operating lease expense.”
Net gains from principal investing.Principal investments consist of direct and indirect investments in predominantly privately-held companies. Key’s principal investing income is susceptible to volatility since most of it is derived from mezzanine debt and equity investments in small to medium-sized businesses. These investments are carried on the balance sheet at fair value ($916 million at March 31, 2007, $830 million at December 31, 2006, and $836 million at March 31, 2006). The net gains presented in Figure 9 stem from changes in estimated fair values as well as actual gains on sales of principal investments.
Noninterest expense
Noninterest expense for the first quarter of 2007 was $784 million, compared to $752 million for the first quarter of 2006.
As shown in Figure 13, personnel expense rose by $28 million and nonpersonnel expense was up $4 million due to costs incurred in connection with the sale of the McDonald Investments branch network. The additional costs related to the McDonald transaction were offset in part by an $8 million reduction in Key’s liability for credit losses on lending-related commitments recorded during the first quarter of 2007.
47
Figure 13. Noninterest Expense
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | Change | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
|
Personnel | | $ | 428 | | | $ | 400 | | | $ | 28 | | | | 7.0 | % |
Net occupancy | | | 63 | | | | 61 | | | | 2 | | | | 3.3 | |
Computer processing | | | 51 | | | | 56 | | | | (5 | ) | | | (8.9 | ) |
Operating lease expense | | | 52 | | | | 41 | | | | 11 | | | | 26.8 | |
Professional fees | | | 26 | | | | 33 | | | | (7 | ) | | | (21.2 | ) |
Equipment | | | 25 | | | | 26 | | | | (1 | ) | | | (3.8 | ) |
Marketing | | | 19 | | | | 15 | | | | 4 | | | | 26.7 | |
Other expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Postage and delivery | | | 12 | | | | 13 | | | | (1 | ) | | | (7.7 | ) |
Franchise and business taxes | | | 9 | | | | 10 | | | | (1 | ) | | | (10.0 | ) |
Telecommunications | | | 7 | | | | 7 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Credit for losses on lending-related commitments | | | (8 | ) | | | — | | | | (8 | ) | | | N/M | |
Miscellaneous expense | | | 100 | | | | 90 | | | | 10 | | | | 11.1 | |
|
Total other expense | | | 120 | | | | 120 | | | | — | | | | — | |
|
Total noninterest expense | | $ | 784 | | | $ | 752 | | | $ | 32 | | | | 4.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average full-time equivalent employeesa | | | 19,801 | | | | 19,694 | | | | 107 | | | | .5 | % |
|
| | |
(a) | | The number of average full-time equivalent employees has not been adjusted for discontinued operations. |
N/M = Not Meaningful
The following discussion explains the composition of certain elements of Key’s noninterest expense and the factors that caused those elements to change.
Personnel.As shown in Figure 14, personnel expense, the largest category of Key’s noninterest expense, rose by $28 million, or 7%, from the first three months of 2006. The increase was attributable to normal salary adjustments, additional staff and higher stock-based compensation. For the first quarter of 2007, the average number of full-time equivalent employees was 19,801, compared to 20,100 for the fourth quarter of 2006 and 19,694 for the first quarter of 2006.
Figure 14. Personnel Expense
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | Change | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
|
Salaries | | $ | 245 | | | $ | 229 | | | $ | 16 | | | | 7.0 | % |
Incentive compensation | | | 75 | | | | 77 | | | | (2 | ) | | | (2.6 | ) |
Employee benefits | | | 82 | | | | 80 | | | | 2 | | | | 2.5 | |
Stock-based compensationa | | | 24 | | | | 14 | | | | 10 | | | | 71.4 | |
Severance | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 2 | | | | N/M | |
|
Total personnel expense | | $ | 428 | | | $ | 400 | | | $ | 28 | | | | 7.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | |
(a) | | Excludes directors’ stock-based compensation of $.8 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2007, and $.3 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2006. |
N/M = Not Meaningful
Operating lease expense. The increase in operating lease expense compared to the first quarter of 2006 reflected a higher volume of activity in the Equipment Finance line of business. Income related to the rental of leased equipment is presented in Figure 9 as “operating lease income.”
Professional fees. The decrease in professional fees was due in part to a reduction in costs associated with Key’s efforts to strengthen compliance controls, for which substantial investment has already been made.
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Income taxes
The provision for income taxes from continuing operations was $147 million for the first quarter of 2007, compared to $110 million for the comparable period in 2006. The effective tax rate, which is the provision for income taxes from continuing operations as a percentage of income from continuing operations before income taxes and the cumulative effect of an accounting change, was 29.1% for the first quarter of 2007, compared to 28.6% for the year-ago quarter.
The effective tax rates for both the current and prior year are substantially below Key’s combined federal and state tax rate of 37.5%, primarily because Key generates income from investments in tax-advantaged assets such as corporate-owned life insurance, earns credits associated with investments in low-income housing projects and records tax deductions associated with dividends paid on Key common shares held in Key’s 401(k) savings plan. In addition, a lower tax rate is applied to portions of the equipment lease portfolio that are managed by a foreign subsidiary in a lower tax jurisdiction. Since Key intends to permanently reinvest the earnings of this foreign subsidiary overseas, no deferred income taxes are recorded on those earnings in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.”
49
Financial Condition
Loans and loans held for sale
At March 31, 2007, total loans outstanding were $65.7 billion, compared to $65.8 billion at December 31, 2006, and $67.0 billion at March 31, 2006. The composition of Key’s loan portfolio at each of these dates is presented in Note 6 (“Loans and Loans Held for Sale”), which begins on page 18. Key’s commercial loan portfolio grew over the past twelve months, but that growth was more than offset by a third quarter 2006 transfer of home equity loans to loans held for sale in connection with an expected sale of the Champion Mortgage finance business.
Commercial loan portfolio. Commercial loans outstanding increased by $1.4 billion, or 3%, from one year ago, reflecting improvement in the economy. The overall growth in the commercial loan portfolio was geographically broad-based and spread among a number of industry sectors.
Commercial real estate loans for both owner- and nonowner-occupied properties constitute one of the largest segments of Key’s commercial loan portfolio. At March 31, 2007, Key’s commercial real estate portfolio included mortgage loans of $8.5 billion and construction loans of $8.4 billion. The average mortgage loan originated during the first quarter of 2007 was $2 million, and the largest mortgage loan at March 31, 2007, had a balance of $47 million. At March 31, 2007, the average construction loan commitment was $7 million. The largest construction loan commitment was $125 million, of which $124 million was outstanding.
Key’s commercial real estate lending business is conducted through two primary sources: a thirteen-state banking franchise and Real Estate Capital, a national line of business that cultivates relationships both within and beyond the branch system. Real Estate Capital deals exclusively with nonowner-occupied properties (generally properties in which at least 50% of the debt service is provided by rental income from nonaffiliated third parties) and accounted for approximately 61% of Key’s total average commercial real estate loans during the first quarter of 2007. Key’s commercial real estate business generally focuses on larger real estate developers and, as shown in Figure 15, is diversified by both industry type and geographic location of the underlying collateral.
Figure 15. Commercial Real Estate Loans
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2007 | | Geographic Region | | | | | | | Percent of | |
dollars in millions | | Northeast | | | Southeast | | | Southwest | | | Midwest | | | Central | | | West | | | Total | | | Total | |
|
Nonowner-occupied: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential properties | | $ | 292 | | | $ | 1,173 | | | $ | 296 | | | $ | 239 | | | $ | 468 | | | $ | 1,642 | | | $ | 4,110 | | | | 24.4 | % |
Multi-family properties | | | 267 | | | | 307 | | | | 163 | | | | 237 | | | | 489 | | | | 425 | | | | 1,888 | | | | 11.2 | |
Retail properties | | | 96 | | | | 491 | | | | 98 | | | | 434 | | | | 336 | | | | 285 | | | | 1,740 | | | | 10.3 | |
Land and development | | | 58 | | | | 243 | | | | 127 | | | | 85 | | | | 194 | | | | 234 | | | | 941 | | | | 5.6 | |
Office buildings | | | 120 | | | | 214 | | | | 94 | | | | 120 | | | | 92 | | | | 217 | | | | 857 | | | | 5.0 | |
Warehouses | | | 71 | | | | 111 | | | | 27 | | | | 77 | | | | 75 | | | | 161 | | | | 522 | | | | 3.1 | |
Health facilities | | | 82 | | | | 88 | | | | 14 | | | | 131 | | | | 40 | | | | 114 | | | | 469 | | | | 2.8 | |
Manufacturing facilities | | | 8 | | | | — | | | | 17 | | | | 24 | | | | 4 | | | | 28 | | | | 81 | | | | .5 | |
Hotels/Motels | | | 1 | | | | 20 | | | | — | | | | 1 | | | | 16 | | | | 2 | | | | 40 | | | | .2 | |
Other | | | 226 | | | | 29 | | | | 22 | | | | 336 | | | | 185 | | | | 232 | | | | 1,030 | | | | 6.1 | |
|
| | | 1,221 | | | | 2,676 | | | | 858 | | | | 1,684 | | | | 1,899 | | | | 3,340 | | | | 11,678 | | | | 69.2 | |
Owner-occupied | | | 986 | | | | 311 | | | | 93 | | | | 1,841 | | | | 490 | | | | 1,475 | | | | 5,196 | | | | 30.8 | |
|
Total | | $ | 2,207 | | | $ | 2,987 | | | $ | 951 | | | $ | 3,525 | | | $ | 2,389 | | | $ | 4,815 | | | $ | 16,874 | | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Nonowner-occupied: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nonperforming loans | | $ | 5 | | | | — | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 14 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 20 | | | | N/M | |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6 | | | | 2 | | | $ | 6 | | | $ | 12 | | | | 26 | | | | N/M | |
Accruing loans past due 30 through 89 days | | | 7 | | | $ | 15 | | | | — | | | | 25 | | | | 30 | | | | 65 | | | | 142 | | | | N/M | |
|
| | |
Northeast – | | Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont |
Southeast – | | Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington D.C. and West Virginia |
Southwest – | | Arizona, Nevada and New Mexico |
Midwest – | | Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin |
Central – | | Arkansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas and Utah
|
West – | | Alaska, California, Hawaii, Montana, Oregon, Washington and Wyoming |
N/M = Not Meaningful
50
Management believes Key has both the scale and array of products to compete on a world-wide basis in the specialty of equipment lease financing. These financing arrangements are conducted through the Equipment Finance line of business. Commercial lease financing receivables increased by $368 million, or 4%, over the past twelve months.
Consumer loan portfolio. Consumer loans outstanding decreased by $2.7 billion, or 13%, from one year ago. The decline was largely attributable to the third quarter 2006 transfer of $2.5 billion of home equity loans to loans held for sale in connection with the November 2006 sale of the Champion Mortgage finance business discussed below. The portfolio also was affected by a general slowdown in the level of home equity loan originations over the past year. Excluding loan sales, acquisitions and the transfer to loans held for sale, consumer loans would have decreased by $104 million, or less than 1%, during the past twelve months.
The home equity portfolio is by far the largest segment of Key’s consumer loan portfolio. This portfolio is derived primarily from the Regional Banking line of business (responsible for 90% of home equity loans at March 31, 2007); the remainder originated from the Home Equity Services unit within our Consumer Finance line of business, which works with home improvement contractors to provide home equity and home improvement financing solutions. Prior to November 2006, Champion Mortgage, a home equity finance business, also contributed to Key’s home equity portfolio. In November 2006, Key sold the nonprime mortgage loan portfolio held by the Champion Mortgage finance business and announced a separate agreement to sell Champion’s origination platform. The platform sale closed on February 28, 2007.
Figure 16 summarizes Key’s home equity loan portfolio at the end of each of the last five quarters, as well as certain asset quality statistics and yields on the portfolio as a whole.
Figure 16. Home Equity Loans
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
dollars in millions | | First | | | Fourth | | | Third | | | Second | | | First | |
|
SOURCES OF LOANS OUTSTANDING | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Regional Banking | | $ | 9,623 | | | $ | 9,805 | | | $ | 9,990 | | | $ | 10,122 | | | $ | 10,100 | |
Champion Mortgagea | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,458 | | | | 2,483 | |
Home Equity Services unit | | | 1,046 | | | | 1,021 | | | | 998 | | | | 929 | | | | 846 | |
|
Total | | $ | 10,669 | | | $ | 10,826 | | | $ | 10,988 | | | $ | 13,509 | | | $ | 13,429 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Nonperforming loans at period end a | | $ | 52 | | | $ | 50 | | | $ | 46 | | | $ | 90 | | | $ | 97 | |
Net loan charge-offs for the period | | | 7 | | | | 6 | | | | 4 | | | | 7 | | | | 6 | |
Yield for the periodb | | | 7.22 | % | | | 7.22 | % | | | 7.19 | % | | | 7.02 | % | | | 6.82 | % |
|
| | |
(a) | | On August 1, 2006, Key transferred $2.5 billion of home equity loans from the loan portfolio to loans held for sale and approximately $55 million of home equity loans from nonperforming loans to nonperforming loans held for sale in connection with an expected sale of the Champion Mortgage finance business. |
|
(b) | | From continuing operations. |
Loans held for sale.As shown in Note 6 (“Loans and Loans Held for Sale”), which begins on page 18, Key’s loans held for sale rose to $4.2 billion at March 31, 2007, from $3.6 billion at December 31, 2006, and March 31, 2006, due primarily to originations in the commercial mortgage portfolio.
Sales and securitizations.Key continues to use alternative funding sources like loan sales and securitizations to support its loan origination capabilities. In addition, several acquisitions completed over the past several years have improved Key’s ability to originate and sell new loans, and to securitize and service loans generated by others, especially in the area of commercial real estate.
During the past twelve months, Key sold $2.9 billion of commercial real estate loans, $2.7 billion of home equity loans, $1.3 billion of education loans ($1.0 billion through a securitization), $406 million of residential real estate loans, $230 million of commercial loans and leases, and $90 million of consumer – direct loans. Most of these sales came from the held-for-sale portfolio.
51
Among the factors that Key considers in determining which loans to sell or securitize are:
¨ | | whether particular lending businesses meet established performance standards or fit with Key’s relationship banking strategy; |
|
¨ | | Key’s asset/liability management needs; |
|
¨ | | whether the characteristics of a specific loan portfolio make it conducive to securitization; |
|
¨ | | the cost of alternative funding sources; |
|
¨ | | the level of credit risk; and |
|
¨ | | capital requirements. |
Figure 17 summarizes Key’s loan sales (including securitizations) for the first three months of 2007 and all of 2006.
Figure 17. Loans Sold (Including Loans Held for Sale)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Commercial | | | Commercial | | | Residential | | | Home | | | Consumer | | | | | | | |
in millions | | Commercial | | | Real Estate | | | Lease Financing | | | Real Estate | | | Equity | | | — Direct | | | Education | | | Total | |
|
2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First quarter | | $ | 15 | | | $ | 688 | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 233 | | | $ | 90 | | | $ | 61 | | | $ | 1,192 | |
|
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fourth quarter | | $ | 80 | | | $ | 1,070 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 2,474 | | | | — | | | $ | 983 | | | $ | 4,720 | |
Third quarter | | | 37 | | | | 679 | | | | 16 | | | | 109 | | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 143 | | | | 986 | |
Second quarter | | | 64 | | | | 483 | | | | — | | | | 97 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 110 | | | | 754 | |
First quarter | | | 40 | | | | 406 | | | | 105 | | | | 54 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 172 | | | | 777 | |
|
Total | | $ | 221 | | | $ | 2,638 | | | $ | 134 | | | $ | 360 | | | $ | 2,476 | | | | — | | | $ | 1,408 | | | $ | 7,237 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Figure 18 shows loans that are either administered or serviced by Key, but not recorded on the balance sheet. Included are loans that have been both securitized and sold, or simply sold outright.
Figure 18. Loans Administered or Serviced
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | September 30, | | | June 30, | | | March 31, | |
in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
|
Commercial real estate loansa | | $ | 108,303 | | | $ | 93,611 | | | $ | 81,873 | | | $ | 78,348 | | | $ | 76,123 | |
Education loans | | | 5,251 | | | | 5,475 | | | | 4,640 | | | | 4,806 | | | | 4,992 | |
Home equity loansb | | | — | | | | 2,360 | | | | 4 | | | | 4 | | | | 5 | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 458 | | | | 479 | | | | 479 | | | | 479 | | | | 422 | |
Commercial loans | | | 243 | | | | 268 | | | | 252 | | | | 255 | | | | 247 | |
|
Total | | $ | 114,255 | | | $ | 102,193 | | | $ | 87,248 | | | $ | 83,892 | | | $ | 81,789 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | |
(a) | | During the first quarter of 2007, Key acquired the servicing for three commercial mortgage loan portfolios with an aggregate principal balance of $12.7 billion. During the fourth quarter of 2006, Key acquired the servicing for three commercial mortgage loan portfolios with an aggregate principal balance of $9.0 billion. |
|
(b) | | In November 2006, Key sold the $2.5 billion nonprime mortgage loan portfolio held by the Champion Mortgage finance business but continued to provide servicing through various dates in March 2007. |
In the event of default by a borrower, Key is subject to recourse with respect to approximately $606 million of the $114.3 billion of loans administered or serviced at March 31, 2007. Additional information about this recourse arrangement is included in Note 13 (“Contingent Liabilities and Guarantees”) under the heading “Recourse agreement with Federal National Mortgage Association” on page 27.
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Key derives income from several sources when loans are securitized or sold, but Key retains the right to administer or service them. Key earns noninterest income (recorded as “other income”) from fees for servicing or administering loans. In addition, Key earns interest income from securitized assets retained and from investing funds generated by escrow deposits collected in connection with the servicing of commercial real estate loans. These deposits have contributed to the growth in Key’s average noninterest-bearing deposits over the past twelve months.
Securities
At March 31, 2007, the securities portfolio totaled $9.3 billion and included $7.8 billion of securities available for sale, $38 million of investment securities and $1.5 billion of other investments (primarily principal investments). In comparison, the total portfolio at December 31, 2006, was $9.2 billion, including $7.8 billion of securities available for sale, $41 million of investment securities and $1.4 billion of other investments. At March 31, 2006, the securities portfolio totaled $8.5 billion and included $7.1 billion of securities available for sale, $46 million of investment securities and $1.4 billion of other investments.
Securities available for sale. The majority of Key’s securities available-for-sale portfolio consists of collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”). A CMO is a debt security that is secured by a pool of mortgages or mortgage-backed securities. Key’s CMOs generate interest income and serve as collateral to support certain pledging agreements. At March 31, 2007, Key had $7.4 billion invested in CMOs and other mortgage-backed securities in the available-for-sale portfolio, compared to $7.3 billion at December 31, 2006, and $6.6 billion at March 31, 2006. Substantially all of Key’s mortgage-backed securities are issued or backed by federal agencies.
Management periodically evaluates Key’s securities available-for-sale portfolio in light of established asset/liability management objectives, and changing market conditions which could affect the profitability of the portfolio, as well as the level of interest rate risk to which Key is exposed. As a result of these evaluations, management may take steps to improve Key’s overall balance sheet positioning.
In March 2007, management completed a comprehensive evaluation of the securities available-for-sale portfolio and determined that a repositioning of the portfolio was appropriate to enhance future financial performance, particularly in the event of a decline in interest rates. As a result, Key sold $2.4 billion of shorter-maturity, agency-issued CMOs and reinvested the proceeds in agency-issued securities with higher yields and longer expected average maturities. The weighted-average yield of Key’s available-for-sale portfolio increased from 4.78% at December 31, 2006, to 5.25% at March 31, 2007, and the weighted-average maturity of the portfolio increased from 2.6 years at December 31, 2006, to 3.5 years at March 31, 2007. The repositioning also served to reduce Key’s exposure to prepayment risk in a declining interest rate scenario. This was accomplished by replacing the CMOs sold with those that have underlying mortgage loans with shorter maturities and lower coupon rates. Key continues to maintain a relatively neutral exposure to near-term changes in interest rates. Neither funding nor capital levels were affected materially by this portfolio repositioning.
As a result of the sale, Key recorded a loss of $49 million ($31 million after tax, $0.08 per diluted common share). This loss was previously recorded in “net unrealized losses on securities available for sale” in the accumulated other comprehensive loss component of shareholders’ equity.
In addition to changing market conditions, the size and composition of Key’s securities available-for-sale portfolio could vary with Key’s needs for liquidity, and the extent to which Key is required (or elects) to hold these assets as collateral to secure public funds and trust deposits. Although debt securities are generally used for this purpose, other assets, such as securities purchased under resale agreements, may be used temporarily when they provide more favorable yields or risk profiles.
Figure 19 shows the composition, yields and remaining maturities of Key’s securities available for sale. For more information about Key’s securities, including gross unrealized gains and losses by type of security, see Note 5 (“Securities”), which begins on page 16.
53
Figure 19. Securities Available for Sale
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Treasury, | | | States and | | | Collateralized | | | Mortgage- | | | Retained | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted- | |
| | Agencies and | | | Political | | | Mortgage | | | Backed | | | Interests in | | | Other | | | | | | | Average | |
dollars in millions | | Corporations | | | Subdivisions | | | Obligations | a | | Securities | a | | Securitizations | a | | Securities | b | | Total | | | Yield | c |
|
MARCH 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Remaining maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One year or less | | $ | 3 | | | | — | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 70 | | | $ | 84 | | | | 5.81 | % |
After one through five years | | | 7 | | | $ | 4 | | | | 6,501 | | | | 812 | | | | 106 | | | | 85 | | | | 7,515 | | | | 5.16 | |
After five through ten years | | | 2 | | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 65 | | | | 89 | | | | 4 | | | | 164 | | | | 9.32 | |
After ten years | | | 1 | | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | 11 | | | | — | | | | 9 | | | | 26 | | | | 6.30 | |
|
Fair value | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 6,505 | | | $ | 891 | | | $ | 199 | | | $ | 168 | | | $ | 7,789 | | | | — | |
Amortized cost | | | 13 | | | | 12 | | | | 6,519 | | | | 889 | | | | 146 | | | | 157 | | | | 7,736 | | | | 5.25 | % |
Weighted-average yield c | | | 5.53 | % | | | 8.19 | % | | | 4.87 | % | | | 5.16 | % | | | 22.63 | % | | | 5.91 | % d | | | 5.25 | % d | | | — | |
Weighted-average maturity | | 4.1 years | | 9.4 years | | 3.2 years | | 4.8 years | | 5.6 years | | 5.0 years | | 3.5 years | | | — | |
|
DECEMBER 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 94 | | | $ | 15 | | | $ | 7,001 | | | $ | 334 | | | $ | 208 | | | $ | 175 | | | $ | 7,827 | | | | — | |
Amortized cost | | | 94 | | | | 14 | | | | 7,098 | | | | 336 | | | | 151 | | | | 165 | | | | 7,858 | | | | 4.78 | % |
|
MARCH 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | 78 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 6,420 | | | $ | 216 | | | $ | 182 | | | $ | 173 | | | $ | 7,086 | | | | — | |
Amortized cost | | | 78 | | | | 17 | | | | 6,611 | | | | 217 | | | | 119 | | | | 162 | | | | 7,204 | | | | 4.57 | % |
|
| | |
(a) | | Maturity is based upon expected average lives rather than contractual terms. |
|
(b) | | Includes primarily marketable equity securities. |
|
(c) | | Weighted-average yields are calculated based on amortized cost. Such yields have been adjusted to a taxable-equivalent basis using the statutory federal income tax rate of 35%. |
|
(d) | | Excludes securities of $155 million at March 31, 2007, that have no stated yield. |
Investment securities. Foreign bonds and securities issued by states and political subdivisions constitute most of Key’s investment securities. Figure 20 shows the composition, yields and remaining maturities of these securities.
Figure 20. Investment Securities
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | States and | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted- | |
| | Political | | | Other | | | | | | | Average | |
dollars in millions | | Subdivisions | | | Securities | | | Total | | | Yield | a |
|
MARCH 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Remaining maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One year or less | | $ | 8 | | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 10 | | | | 8.04 | % |
After one through five years | | | 10 | | | | 18 | | | | 28 | | | | 6.82 | |
|
Amortized cost | | $ | 18 | | | $ | 20 | | | $ | 38 | | | | 7.23 | % |
Fair value | | | 18 | | | | 20 | | | | 38 | | | | — | |
Weighted-average maturity | | 1.7 years | | 2.3 years | | | 2.0 years | | | | — | |
|
DECEMBER 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortized cost | | $ | 20 | | | $ | 21 | | | $ | 41 | | | | 7.05 | % |
Fair value | | | 21 | | | | 21 | | | | 42 | | | | — | |
|
MARCH 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortized cost | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 46 | | | | 7.47 | % |
Fair value | | | 34 | | | | 13 | | | | 47 | | | | — | |
|
| | |
(a) | | Weighted-average yields are calculated based on amortized cost. Such yields have been adjusted to a taxable-equivalent basis using the statutory federal income tax rate of 35%. |
Other investments.Principal investments, which consist of investments in equity and mezzanine instruments, represent approximately 62% of “other investments” at March 31, 2007. Principal investments are carried at fair value, which aggregated $916 million at March 31, 2007, compared to $830 million at December 31, 2006, and $836 million at March 31, 2006. Key’s Principal Investing unit invests predominantly in privately-held companies. Some of these investments are “direct,” meaning they are made in a particular company. Others are “indirect,” meaning they are made through funds that include other investors.
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In addition to principal investments, “other investments” include other equity and mezzanine instruments that do not have readily determinable fair values. These securities include certain real estate-related investments that are carried at estimated fair value, as well as other types of securities that generally are carried at cost. Neither these securities nor principal investments have stated maturities.
Deposits and other sources of funds
“Core deposits” — domestic deposits other than certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more — are Key’s primary source of funding. These deposits generally are stable, have a relatively low cost and typically react more slowly to changes in interest rates than market-based deposits. During the first quarter of 2007, core deposits averaged $50.4 billion, and represented 63% of the funds Key used to support loans and other earning assets, compared to $50.2 billion and 64% during the same quarter in 2006. The composition of Key’s deposits is shown in Figure 7, which spans pages 43 and 44.
The level of Key’s average core deposits was essentially unchanged from the first quarter of 2006 as the growth in time and noninterest-bearing deposits was substantially offset by a decline in NOW and money market deposit account balances. The increase in time deposits reflects client preferences for these higher-yielding investments in a changing interest rate environment. Average noninterest-bearing deposits increased as a result of continued emphasis on cross-selling products, focused sales and marketing efforts related to Key’s free checking products, and additional escrow deposits obtained in connection with the servicing of commercial real estate loans. The decrease in NOW and money market deposit accounts was attributable to the continued shift in deposit mix to time deposits, as well as the sale of the McDonald Investments branch network, which accounted for approximately one-half of the decline.
Purchased funds, comprising large certificates of deposit, deposits in the foreign branch and short-term borrowings, averaged $14.4 billion in the first quarter of 2007, compared to $12.0 billion during the year-ago quarter. The increase was attributable to growth in large certificates of deposit, foreign branch deposits, and federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements, offset in part by a decrease in bank notes and other short-term borrowings. During the first quarter of 2007, purchased funds were relied upon more heavily as a funding source in light of the core deposits transferred in connection with the McDonald sale, and a temporary need for additional short-term funding to facilitate the repositioning of the securities portfolio.
Management continues to consider loan sales and securitizations as a funding alternative when market conditions are favorable.
Capital
Shareholders’ equity.Total shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2007, was $7.7 billion, up $16 million from December 31, 2006.
Effective January 1, 2007, Key adopted FASB Staff Position No. 13-2, “Accounting for a Change or Projected Change in the Timing of Cash Flows Relating to Income Taxes Generated by a Leveraged Lease Transaction,” which provides additional guidance on the application of SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases.” This guidance affects when earnings from leveraged lease transactions will be recognized when there are changes or projected changes in the timing of cash flows. As a result of adopting this guidance, Key recorded a cumulative after-tax charge of $52 million to retained earnings during the first quarter. Future earnings are expected to increase over the remaining term of the affected leases by a similar amount. Additional information about this new accounting guidance is included in Note 1 (“Basis of Presentation”) under the heading “Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2007” on page 8. Other factors contributing to the change in shareholders’ equity during the first three months of 2007 are shown in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity presented on page 5.
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Changes in common shares outstanding.Figure 21 shows activities that caused the change in Key’s outstanding common shares over the past five quarters.
Figure 21. Changes in Common Shares Outstanding
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 |
in thousands | | First | | | Fourth | | | Third | | | Second | | | First | |
|
Shares outstanding at beginning of period | | | 399,153 | | | | 402,748 | | | | 402,672 | | | | 405,273 | | | | 406,624 | |
Issuance of shares under employee benefit plans | | | 3,330 | | | | 1,405 | | | | 2,576 | | | | 1,399 | | | | 4,649 | |
Repurchase of common shares | | | (8,000 | ) | | | (5,000 | ) | | | (2,500 | ) | | | (4,000 | ) | | | (6,000 | ) |
|
Shares outstanding at end of period | | | 394,483 | | | | 399,153 | | | | 402,748 | | | | 402,672 | | | | 405,273 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Key repurchases its common shares periodically under a repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors. Key’s repurchase activity for each of the three months ended March 31, 2007, is summarized in Figure 22.
Figure 22. Share Repurchases
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Number of | | | Remaining Number | |
| | | | | | | | | | Shares Purchased | | | of Shares That May | |
| | Number of | | | Average | | | Under a Publicly | | | be Purchased Under | |
| | Shares | | | Price Paid | | | Announced | | | the Program as | |
in thousands, except per share data | | Purchased | | | per Share | | | Program | a | | of Each Month-End | a |
|
January 1-31, 2007 | | | 2,000 | | | $ | 37.87 | | | | 2,000 | | | | 28,000 | |
February 1-28, 2007 | | | 4,750 | | | | 39.08 | | | | 4,750 | | | | 23,250 | |
March 1-31, 2007 | | | 1,250 | | | | 37.47 | | | | 1,250 | | | | 22,000 | |
|
Total | | | 8,000 | | | $ | 38.53 | | | | 8,000 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | |
(a) | | In January 2007, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 25.0 million common shares, in addition to the shares remaining from a repurchase program authorized in July 2004. This action brought the total repurchase authorization to 30.0 million shares. These shares may be repurchased in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions. The program does not have an expiration date. |
At March 31, 2007, Key had 97.4 million treasury shares. Management expects to reissue those shares as needed in connection with stock-based compensation awards and other corporate purposes. During the first three months of 2007, Key reissued 3.3 million treasury shares.
Capital adequacy.Capital adequacy is an important indicator of financial stability and performance. Overall, Key’s capital position remains strong: the ratio of total shareholders’ equity to total assets was 8.28% at March 31, 2007, compared to 8.34% at December 31, 2006, and 8.18% at March 31, 2006. Key’s ratio of tangible equity to tangible assets was 6.97% at March 31, 2007, above Key’s targeted range of 6.25% to 6.75%. Management believes Key’s capital position provides the flexibility to take advantage of investment opportunities, to repurchase shares when appropriate and to pay dividends.
Banking industry regulators prescribe minimum capital ratios for bank holding companies and their banking subsidiaries. Note 14 (“Shareholders’ Equity”), which begins on page 88 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders, explains the implications of failing to meet these specific capital requirements.
Risk-based capital guidelines require a minimum level of capital as a percent of “risk-weighted assets,” which is total assets plus certain off-balance sheet items, both adjusted for predefined credit risk factors. Currently, banks and bank holding companies must maintain, at a minimum, Tier 1 capital as a percent of risk-weighted assets of 4.00%, and total capital as a percent of risk-weighted assets of 8.00%. As of March 31, 2007, Key’s Tier 1 capital ratio was 8.15%, and its total capital ratio was 12.20%.
Another indicator of capital adequacy, the leverage ratio, is defined as Tier 1 capital as a percentage of average quarterly tangible assets. Leverage ratio requirements vary with the condition of the financial institution. Bank holding companies that either have the highest supervisory rating or have implemented the Federal Reserve’s risk-adjusted measure for market risk-as KeyCorp has-must maintain a minimum leverage ratio of 3.00%. All other bank holding companies must maintain a minimum ratio of 4.00%. As of March 31, 2007, Key had a leverage ratio of 9.17%.
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Federal bank regulators group FDIC-insured depository institutions into five categories, ranging from “critically undercapitalized” to “well capitalized.” Key’s affiliate bank, KBNA, qualified as “well capitalized” at March 31, 2007, since it exceeded the prescribed thresholds of 10.00% for total capital, 6.00% for Tier 1 capital and 5.00% for the leverage ratio. If these provisions applied to bank holding companies, Key also would qualify as “well capitalized” at March 31, 2007. The FDIC-defined capital categories serve a limited supervisory function. Investors should not treat them as a representation of the overall financial condition or prospects of KeyCorp or KBNA.
Figure 23 presents the details of Key’s regulatory capital position at March 31, 2007, December 31, 2006, and March 31, 2006.
Figure 23. Capital Components and Risk-Weighted Assets
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | March 31, | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
|
TIER 1 CAPITAL | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common shareholders’ equitya | | $ | 7,873 | | | $ | 7,924 | | | $ | 7,732 | |
Qualifying capital securities | | | 1,792 | | | | 1,792 | | | | 1,542 | |
Less: Goodwill | | | 1,202 | | | | 1,202 | | | | 1,355 | |
Other assetsb | | | 175 | | | | 176 | | | | 164 | |
|
Total Tier 1 capital | | | 8,288 | | | | 8,338 | | | | 7,755 | |
|
TIER 2 CAPITAL | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for losses on loans and liability for losses on lending-related commitments | | | 989 | | | | 997 | | | | 1,025 | |
Net unrealized gains on equity securities available for sale | | | 5 | | | | 5 | | | | 5 | |
Qualifying long-term debt | | | 3,127 | | | | 3,227 | | | | 3,297 | |
|
Total Tier 2 capital | | | 4,121 | | | | 4,229 | | | | 4,327 | |
|
Total risk-based capital | | $ | 12,409 | | | $ | 12,567 | | | $ | 12,082 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
RISK-WEIGHTED ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Risk-weighted assets on balance sheet | | $ | 78,154 | | | $ | 77,490 | | | $ | 77,361 | |
Risk-weighted off-balance sheet exposure | | | 24,686 | | | | 24,968 | | | | 25,023 | |
Less: Goodwill | | | 1,202 | | | | 1,202 | | | | 1,355 | |
Other assetsb | | | 659 | | | | 819 | | | | 670 | |
Plus: Market risk-equivalent assets | | | 718 | | | | 698 | | | | 1,112 | |
|
Total risk-weighted assets | | $ | 101,697 | | | $ | 101,135 | | | $ | 101,471 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
AVERAGE QUARTERLY TOTAL ASSETS | | $ | 92,204 | | | $ | 94,896 | | | $ | 92,915 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CAPITAL RATIOS | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | | | 8.15 | % | | | 8.24 | % | | | 7.64 | % |
Total risk-based capital ratio | | | 12.20 | | | | 12.43 | | | | 11.91 | |
Leverage ratioc | | | 9.17 | | | | 8.98 | | | | 8.52 | |
|
| | |
(a) | | Common shareholders’ equity does not include net unrealized gains or losses on securities available for sale (except for net unrealized losses on marketable equity securities), net gains or losses on cash flow hedges, or the amount resulting from the adoption and application of SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans.” |
|
(b) | | Other assets deducted from Tier 1 capital and risk-weighted assets consist of intangible assets (excluding goodwill) recorded after February 19, 1992, deductible portions of purchased mortgage servicing rights and deductible portions of nonfinancial equity investments. |
|
(c) | | This ratio is Tier 1 capital divided by average quarterly total assets less: (i) goodwill, (ii) the nonqualifying intangible assets described in footnote (b), (iii) deductible portions of nonfinancial equity investments, (iv) net unrealized gains or losses on securities available for sale, and (v) assets derecognized as an offset to accumulated other comprehensive income resulting from the adoption and application of SFAS No. 158. |
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Risk Management
Overview
Like other financial services companies, Key engages in business activities with inherent risks. The ability to properly and effectively identify, measure, monitor and report such risks is essential to maintaining safety and soundness and to maximizing profitability. Management believes that the most significant risks facing Key are market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and operational risk. Each type of risk is defined and discussed in greater detail in the remainder of this section.
Key’s Board of Directors has established and follows a corporate governance program that serves as the foundation for managing and mitigating risk. In accordance with this program, the Board focuses on the interests of shareholders, encourages strong internal controls, demands management accountability, mandates adherence to Key’s code of ethics and administers an annual self-assessment process. The Board has established Audit and Risk Management committees whose appointed members help the Board meet its risk oversight responsibilities. The responsibilities of these two committees are summarized on page 47 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
Market risk management
The values of some financial instruments vary not only with changes in market interest rates, but also with changes in foreign exchange rates. Financial instruments also are susceptible to factors influencing valuations in the equity securities markets and other market-driven rates or prices. For example, the value of a fixed-rate bond will decline if market interest rates increase. Similarly, the value of the U.S. dollar regularly fluctuates in relation to other currencies. When the value of an instrument is tied to such external factors, the holder faces “market risk.” Most of Key’s market risk is derived from interest rate fluctuations.
Interest rate risk management
Interest rate risk, which is inherent in the banking business, is measured by the potential for fluctuations in net interest income and the economic value of equity. Such fluctuations may result from changes in interest rates and differences in the repricing and maturity characteristics of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. To minimize the volatility of net interest income and the economic value of equity, Key manages exposure to interest rate risk in accordance with guidelines established by the Asset/Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”). This committee, which consists of senior finance and business executives, meets monthly, and periodically reports Key’s interest rate risk positions to the Risk Management Committee of the Board of Directors.
Interest rate risk positions can be influenced by a number of factors other than changes in market interest rates, including economic conditions, the competitive environment within Key’s markets, consumer preferences for specific loan and deposit products, and the level of interest rate exposure arising from basis risk, gap risk, yield curve risk and option risk. Each of these types of risk is defined in the discussion of market risk management, which begins on page 47 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
Net interest income simulation analysis.The primary tool used by management to measure Key’s interest rate risk is a simulation analysis. For purposes of this analysis, management estimates Key’s net interest income based on the composition of its balance sheet and the current interest rate environment. The simulation assumes that growth in the balance sheet will reflect recent product trends, as well as consensus economic forecasts.
The amount of net interest income at risk is measured by simulating the change in the level of net interest income that would occur if the Fed Funds Target rate were to gradually increase or decrease by 200 basis points over the next twelve months, and term rates were to move in a similar fashion, but not as dramatically. The amount of net interest income at risk is compared to the base case of an unchanged
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interest rate environment. The analysis also considers sensitivity to changes in a number of other variables, including product pricing assumptions and deposit mix. In addition, management assesses the potential effect of different shapes in the yield curve, including a sustained flat yield curve, an inverted slope yield curve and yield curve twists. (The yield curve depicts the relationship between the yield on a particular type of security and its term to maturity.) Management also performs stress tests to measure the effect on net interest income of an immediate change in market interest rates.
Simulation analysis produces only a sophisticated estimate of interest rate exposure based on assumptions and judgments related to balance sheet growth, customer behavior, new products, new business volume, pricing and anticipated hedging activities. Management tailors the assumptions used in simulation analysis to the specific interest rate environment and yield curve shape being modeled, and validates those assumptions on a periodic basis. Consistent with current practice, simulations are performed with the assumption that interest rate risk positions will be actively managed through the use of on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments to achieve the desired risk profile. Actual results may differ from those derived in simulation analysis due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, actual hedging strategies employed and changes in balance sheet composition. Figure 28 (“Net Interest Income Volatility”) on page 48 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders illustrates the variability of simulation results that can arise from changing certain major assumptions.
Figure 24 presents the results of the simulation analysis at March 31, 2007 and 2006. At March 31, 2007, Key’s simulated exposure to a rising interest rate environment was essentially neutral, though exposure to a falling interest rate environment decreased from March 31, 2006. ALCO policy guidelines for risk management call for preventive measures if simulation modeling demonstrates that a gradual 200 basis point increase or decrease in short-term rates over the next twelve months would adversely affect net interest income over the same period by more than 2%. As shown in Figure 24, Key is operating within these guidelines.
Figure 24. Simulated Change in Net Interest Income
| | | | | | | | |
|
Basis point change assumption (short-term rates) | | | -200 | | | | +200 | |
ALCO policy guidelines | | | -2.00 | % | | | -2.00 | % |
|
INTEREST RATE RISK ASSESSMENT | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2007 | | | +1.32 | % | | | -.15 | % |
March 31, 2006 | | | +.65 | | | | +.53 | |
|
During the first half of 2006, Key was operating with a slightly asset-sensitive position, which protected net interest income as interest rates increased. Since July 2006, the Federal Reserve has held short-term interest rates constant, and there is uncertainty with regard to the future direction of these rates. Accordingly, management has taken action to move toward a relatively neutral position. Key’s long term bias is to be modestly liability-sensitive, which will help protect net interest income in a declining interest rate environment.
Management also conducts simulations that measure the effect of changes in market interest rates in the second year of a two-year horizon. These simulations are conducted in a manner similar to those based on a twelve-month horizon. To capture longer-term exposures, management simulates changes to the economic value of equity as discussed below.
Economic value of equity modeling.Economic value of equity (“EVE”) measures the extent to which the economic values of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments may change in response to changes in interest rates. EVE is calculated by subjecting the balance sheet to an immediate 200 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates, and measuring the resulting change in the values of assets and liabilities. This analysis is highly dependent upon assumptions applied to assets and liabilities with noncontractual maturities. Those assumptions are based on historical behaviors, as well as management’s expectations. EVE complements net interest income simulation analysis since it provides estimates of risk exposure beyond twelve and twenty-four month horizons. Management takes preventative measures to ensure that
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Key’s EVE will not decrease by more than 15% in response to an immediate 200 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates. Key is operating within these guidelines.
Management of interest rate exposure.Management uses the results of its various simulation analyses to formulate strategies to achieve the desired risk profile within the parameters of Key’s capital and liquidity guidelines. Interest rate risk positions are actively managed through the purchase of investment securities, the issuance of term debt with floating or fixed interest rates, and the use of derivatives — predominantly in the form of interest rate swaps. These swaps modify the interest rate characteristics of certain assets and liabilities by converting them from a fixed rate to a floating rate, from a floating rate to a fixed rate, or from one floating index to another.
Figure 25 shows the maturity structure for all swap positions held for asset/liability management (“A/LM”) purposes. These positions are used to convert the contractual interest rate index of agreed-upon amounts of assets and liabilities (i.e., notional amounts) to another interest rate index. For example, fixed-rate debt is converted to a floating rate through a “receive fixed, pay variable” interest rate swap. For more information about how Key uses interest rate swaps to manage its balance sheet, see Note 14 (“Derivatives and Hedging Activities”), which begins on page 29.
Figure 25. Portfolio Swaps by Interest Rate Risk Management Strategy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2007 | | | March 31, 2006 | |
| | Notional | | | Fair | | | Maturity | | | Weighted-Average Rate | | | Notional | | | Fair | |
dollars in millions | | Amount | | | Value | | | (Years) | | | Receive | | | Pay | | | Amount | | | Value | |
|
Receive fixed/pay variable—conventional A/LMa | | $ | 8,038 | | | $ | 14 | | | | 1.6 | | | | 5.1 | % | | | 5.3 | % | | $ | 4,100 | | | $ | (22 | ) |
Receive fixed/pay variable—conventional debt | | | 5,163 | | | | 2 | | | | 16.3 | | | | 5.4 | | | | 5.5 | | | | 6,198 | | | | (53 | ) |
Receive fixed/pay variable—forward starting | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 500 | | | | (1 | ) |
Pay fixed/receive variable—conventional debt | | | 855 | | | | (9 | ) | | | 4.9 | | | | 4.6 | | | | 4.4 | | | | 946 | | | | (7 | ) |
Foreign currency—conventional debt | | | 3,301 | | | | 199 | | | | 3.1 | | | | 4.3 | | | | 5.5 | | | | 2,721 | | | | (85 | ) |
Basis swapsb | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,500 | | | | (1 | ) |
|
Total portfolio swaps | | $ | 17,357 | | | $ | 206 | | | | 6.4 | | | | 5.1 | % | | | 5.4 | % | | $ | 22,965 | | | $ | (169 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | |
(a) | | Portfolio swaps designated as A/LM are used to manage interest rate risk tied to both assets and liabilities. |
|
(b) | | These portfolio swaps are not designated as hedging instruments under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” |
Trading portfolio risk management
Key’s trading portfolio is described in Note 14.
Management uses a value at risk (“VAR”) simulation model to measure the potential adverse effect of changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices and credit spreads on the fair value of Key’s trading portfolio. Using two years of historical information, the model estimates the maximum potential one-day loss with a 95% confidence level. Statistically, this means that losses will exceed VAR, on average, five out of 100 trading days, or three to four times each quarter. Key’s Financial Markets Committee has established VAR limits for Key’s trading units. At March 31, 2007, the aggregate one-day trading limit set by the committee was $4.4 million. In addition to comparing VAR exposure against limits on a daily basis, management monitors loss limits, uses sensitivity measures and conducts stress tests.
Key is operating within the above constraints. During the first three months of 2007, Key’s aggregate daily average, minimum and maximum VAR amounts were $1.0 million, $.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively. During the same period last year, Key’s aggregate daily average, minimum and maximum VAR amounts were $1.1 million, $.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
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Credit risk management
Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from an obligor’s inability or failure to meet contractual payment or performance terms. Like other financial service institutions, Key makes loans, extends credit, purchases securities and enters into financial derivative contracts, all of which expose Key to credit risk.
Credit policy, approval and evaluation. Key manages credit risk exposure through a multi-faceted program. Independent committees approve both retail and commercial credit policies. These policies are communicated throughout Key to foster a consistent approach to granting credit. For more information about Key’s credit policies, as well as related approval and evaluation processes, see the section entitled “Credit policy, approval and evaluation,” on page 50 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
Key actively manages the overall loan portfolio in a manner consistent with asset quality objectives. This process entails the use of credit derivatives¾ primarily credit default swaps¾ to mitigate Key’s credit risk. Credit default swaps enable Key to transfer a portion of the credit risk associated with the underlying extension of credit to a third party, and to manage portfolio concentration and correlation risks. At March 31, 2007, credit default swaps with a notional amount of $1.1 billion were used to manage the credit risk associated with specific commercial lending obligations. Key also provides credit protection to other lenders through the sale of credit default swaps. These transactions may generate fee income and can diversify overall exposure to credit loss. At March 31, 2007, the notional amount of credit default swaps sold by Key was $25 million.
Credit default swaps are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Related gains or losses, as well as the premium paid or received for credit protection, are included in the trading income component of noninterest income. These swaps did not have a significant effect on Key’s operating results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2007.
Other actions used to manage the loan portfolio include loan securitizations, portfolio swaps, or bulk purchases and sales. The overarching goal is to continually manage the loan portfolio within a desirable range of asset quality.
Watch and criticized assets. Watch assetsare troubled commercial loans with the potential for further deterioration in quality due to the client’s current financial condition and possible inability to perform in accordance with the terms of the underlying contract.Criticized assets are troubled loans and other assets that show additional signs of weakness that may lead, or have led, to an interruption in scheduled repayments from primary sources, potentially requiring Key to rely on repayment from secondary sources, such as collateral liquidation.
At March 31, 2007, the level of watch commitments was higher than that experienced a year earlier. This increase was attributable to a number of client segments across a range of loan portfolios; most notably Real Estate Capital and Commercial Floor Plan. Over the past twelve months, the level of criticized commitments increased modestly. Increases in the Commercial Floor Plan and Real Estate Capital portfolios were largely offset by the favorable settlement of the automobile residual value insurance litigation, which eliminated the related receivable. Management continues to closely monitor fluctuations in Key’s watch and criticized commitments.
Allowance for loan losses.The allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2007, was $944 million, or 1.44% of loans, compared to $944 million, or 1.43%, at December 31, 2006, and $966 million, or 1.44%, at March 31, 2006. The allowance includes $22 million that was specifically allocated for impaired loans of $46 million at March 31, 2007, compared to $14 million that was allocated for impaired loans of $34 million at December 31, 2006, and $8 million that was allocated for impaired loans of $18 million one year ago. For more information about impaired loans, see Note 9 (“Nonperforming Assets and Past Due Loans”) on page 21. At March 31, 2007, the allowance for loan losses was 371.65% of nonperforming loans, compared to 327.46% at March 31, 2006.
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Management estimates the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses on a quarterly (and at times more frequent) basis. The methodology used is described in Note 1 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”) under the heading “Allowance for Loan Losses” on page 69 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders. Briefly, management estimates the appropriate level of Key’s allowance for loan losses by applying historical loss rates to existing loans with similar risk characteristics and by exercising judgment to assess the impact of factors such as changes in economic conditions, changes in credit policies or underwriting standards, and changes in the level of credit risk associated with specific industries and markets. For an impaired loan, special treatment exists if the outstanding balance is greater than $2.5 million and the resulting allocation is deemed insufficient to cover the extent of the impairment. In such cases, a specific allowance is assigned to the loan. A specific allowance may be assigned even when sources of repayment appear sufficient if management remains uncertain about whether the loan will be repaid in full. The aggregate balance of the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2007, represents management’s best estimate of the losses inherent in the loan portfolio at that date.
As shown in Figure 26, Key’s allowance for loan losses decreased by $22 million, or 2%, during the past twelve months. This reduction was attributable to improving credit quality trends, as well as the third quarter 2006 transfer of $2.5 billion of home equity loans from the loan portfolio to loans held for sale in connection with Key’s expected sale of the Champion Mortgage finance business.
Figure 26. Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2007 | | December 31, 2006 | | March 31, 2006 |
| | | | | | Percent of | | | Percent of | | | | | | | Percent of | | | Percent of | | | | | | | Percent of | | | Percent of | |
| | | | | | Allowance to | | | Loan Type to | | | | | | | Allowance to | | | Loan Type to | | | | | | | Allowance to | | | Loan Type to | |
dollars in millions | | Amount | | | Total Allowance | | | Total Loans | | | Amount | | | Total Allowance | | | Total Loans | | | Amount | | | Total Allowance | | | Total Loans | |
|
Commercial, financial and agricultural | | $ | 353 | | | | 37.4 | % | | | 32.7 | % | | $ | 341 | | | | 36.1 | % | | | 32.5 | % | | $ | 365 | | | | 37.8 | % | | | 32.4 | % |
Real estate — commercial mortgage | | | 167 | | | | 17.7 | | | | 12.9 | | | | 170 | | | | 18.0 | | | | 12.8 | | | | 156 | | | | 16.1 | | | | 12.2 | |
Real estate — construction | | | 131 | | | | 13.9 | | | | 12.7 | | | | 132 | | | | 14.0 | | | | 12.5 | | | | 103 | | | | 10.7 | | | | 11.2 | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 135 | | | | 14.3 | | | | 15.3 | | | | 139 | | | | 14.7 | | | | 15.6 | | | | 176 | | | | 18.2 | | | | 14.4 | |
|
Total commercial loans | | | 786 | | | | 83.3 | | | | 73.6 | | | | 782 | | | | 82.8 | | | | 73.4 | | | | 800 | | | | 82.8 | | | | 70.2 | |
Real estate — residential mortgage | | | 13 | | | | 1.4 | | | | 2.2 | | | | 12 | | | | 1.3 | | | | 2.2 | | | | 13 | | | | 1.4 | | | | 2.2 | |
Home equity | | | 77 | | | | 8.1 | | | | 16.2 | | | | 74 | | | | 7.8 | | | | 16.4 | | | | 90 | | | | 9.3 | | | | 20.0 | |
Consumer — direct | | | 28 | | | | 3.0 | | | | 2.1 | | | | 29 | | | | 3.1 | | | | 2.3 | | | | 28 | | | | 2.9 | | | | 2.5 | |
Consumer — indirect | | | 40 | | | | 4.2 | | | | 5.9 | | | | 47 | | | | 5.0 | | | | 5.7 | | | | 35 | | | | 3.6 | | | | 5.1 | |
|
Total consumer loans | | | 158 | | | | 16.7 | | | | 26.4 | | | | 162 | | | | 17.2 | | | | 26.6 | | | | 166 | | | | 17.2 | | | | 29.8 | |
|
Total | | $ | 944 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 944 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 966 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Net loan charge-offs.Net loan charge-offs for the first quarter of 2007 were $44 million, or .27% of average loans from continuing operations. These results compare to net charge-offs of $39 million, or .24%, for the same period last year. The composition of Key’s loan charge-offs and recoveries by loan type is shown in Figure 27. The largest increase in net charge-offs occurred in the commercial lease financing portfolio.
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Figure 27. Summary of Loan Loss Experience
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | |
| | March 31, | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
|
Average loans outstanding from continuing operations | | $ | 65,669 | | | $ | 64,220 | |
| | | | | | |
|
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period | | $ | 944 | | | $ | 996 | |
Loans charged off: | | | | | | | | |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | | | 17 | | | | 24 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Real estate — commercial mortgage | | | 6 | | | | 3 | |
Real estate — construction | | | 1 | | | | 2 | |
|
Total commercial real estate loansa | | | 7 | | | | 5 | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 13 | | | | 6 | |
|
Total commercial loans | | | 37 | | | | 35 | |
Real estate — residential mortgage | | | 1 | | | | 1 | |
Home equity | | | 8 | | | | 8 | |
Consumer — direct | | | 7 | | | | 10 | |
Consumer — indirect | | | 11 | | | | 11 | |
|
Total consumer loans | | | 27 | | | | 30 | |
|
| | | 64 | | | | 65 | |
Recoveries: | | | | | | | | |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | | | 7 | | | | 12 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Real estate — commercial mortgagea | | | 3 | | | | 1 | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 3 | | | | 5 | |
|
Total commercial loans | | | 13 | | | | 18 | |
Home equity | | | 1 | | | | 2 | |
Consumer — direct | | | 2 | | | | 2 | |
Consumer — indirect | | | 4 | | | | 4 | |
|
Total consumer loans | | | 7 | | | | 8 | |
|
| | | 20 | | | | 26 | |
|
Net loan charge-offs | | | (44 | ) | | | (39 | ) |
Provision for loan losses from continuing operations | | | 44 | | | | 39 | |
|
Allowance for loan losses at end of period | | $ | 944 | | | $ | 996 | |
| | | | | | |
|
Net loan charge-offs to average loans from continuing operations | | | .27 | % | | | .24 | % |
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans | | | 1.44 | | | | 1.44 | |
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans | | | 371.65 | | | | 327.46 | |
|
| | |
(a) | | See Figure 15 and the accompanying discussion on page 50 for more information related to Key’s commercial real estate portfolio. |
Nonperforming assets.Figure 28 shows the composition of Key’s nonperforming assets. These assets totaled $353 million at March 31, 2007, and represented .54% of loans, other real estate owned (known as “OREO”) and other nonperforming assets, compared to $273 million, or .41%, at December 31, 2006, and $320 million, or .48%, at March 31, 2006.
As shown in Figure 28, the growth in nonperforming assets over the past twelve months was attributable to increases in OREO and other nonperforming assets. The increase in other nonperforming assets was due to one investment of approximately $51 million held by the Private Equity unit within Key’s Real Estate Capital line of business. These increases were partially offset by reductions in nonperforming loans within the real estate residential mortgage and home equity portfolios. The decrease in nonperforming home equity loans was attributable to the November 2006 sale of the nonprime mortgage loan portfolio held by the Champion Mortgage finance business.
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At March 31, 2007, Key’s 20 largest nonperforming loans totaled $77 million, representing 30% of total loans on nonperforming status.
Figure 28. Summary of Nonperforming Assets and Past Due Loans
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | September 30, | | | June 30, | | | March 31, | |
dollars in millions | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
|
Commercial, financial and agricultural | | $ | 70 | | | $ | 38 | | | $ | 42 | | | $ | 76 | | | $ | 68 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate — commercial mortgage | | | 44 | | | | 48 | | | | 36 | | | | 35 | | | | 37 | |
Real estate — construction | | | 10 | | | | 10 | | | | 37 | | | | 4 | | | | 4 | |
|
Total commercial real estate loansa | | | 54 | | | | 58 | | | | 73 | | | | 39 | | | | 41 | |
Commercial lease financing | | | 31 | | | | 22 | | | | 20 | | | | 29 | | | | 29 | |
|
Total commercial loans | | | 155 | | | | 118 | | | | 135 | | | | 144 | | | | 138 | |
Real estate — residential mortgage | | | 32 | | | | 34 | | | | 34 | | | | 36 | | | | 48 | |
Home equityb | | | 52 | | | | 50 | | | | 46 | | | | 90 | | | | 97 | |
Consumer — direct | | | 2 | | | | 2 | | | | 2 | | | | 3 | | | | 6 | |
Consumer — indirect | | | 13 | | | | 11 | | | | 6 | | | | 6 | | | | 6 | |
|
Total consumer loans | | | 99 | | | | 97 | | | | 88 | | | | 135 | | | | 157 | |
|
Total nonperforming loans | | | 254 | | | | 215 | | | | 223 | | | | 279 | | | | 295 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nonperforming loans held for saleb | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | 56 | | | | 1 | | | | 2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
OREO | | | 42 | | | | 57 | | | | 52 | | | | 26 | | | | 21 | |
Allowance for OREO losses | | | (2 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) |
|
OREO, net of allowance | | | 40 | | | | 54 | | | | 49 | | | | 25 | | | | 20 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other nonperforming assets | | | 56 | c | | | 1 | | | | 1 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | |
|
Total nonperforming assets | | $ | 353 | | | $ | 273 | | | $ | 329 | | | $ | 308 | | | $ | 320 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | | $ | 146 | | | $ | 120 | | | $ | 125 | | | $ | 119 | | | $ | 107 | |
Accruing loans past due 30 through 89 days | | | 626 | | | | 644 | | | | 715 | | | | 600 | | | | 498 | |
|
Nonperforming loans to period-end portfolio loans | | | .39 | % | | | .33 | % | | | .34 | % | | | .41 | % | | | .44 | % |
Nonperforming assets to period-end portfolio loans plus OREO and other nonperforming assets | | | .54 | | | | .41 | | | | .50 | | | | .46 | | | | .48 | |
|
| | |
(a) | | See Figure 15 and the accompanying discussion on page 50 for more information related to Key’s commercial real estate portfolio. |
|
(b) | | On August 1, 2006, Key transferred approximately $55 million of home equity loans from nonperforming loans to nonperforming loans held for sale in connection with an expected sale of the Champion Mortgage finance business. |
|
(c) | | Primarily one investment of approximately $51 million held by the Private Equity unit within Key’s Real Estate Capital line of business. |
Credit exposure by industry classification in the largest sector of Key’s loan portfolio, “commercial, financial and agricultural loans,” is presented in Figure 29. The types of activity that caused the change in Key’s nonperforming loans during each of the last five quarters are summarized in Figure 30.
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Figure 29. Commercial, Financial and Agricultural Loans
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Nonperforming Loans | |
March 31, 2007 | | Total | | | Loans | | | | | | | % of Loans | |
dollars in millions | | Commitments | a | | Outstanding | | | Amount | | | Outstanding | |
|
Industry classification: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Manufacturing | | $ | 10,381 | | | $ | 3,673 | | | $ | 4 | | | | .1 | % |
Services | | | 9,781 | | | | 2,949 | | | | 12 | | | | .4 | |
Retail trade | | | 5,293 | | | | 3,490 | | | | 5 | | | | .1 | |
Public utilities | | | 3,597 | | | | 589 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Financial services | | | 3,526 | | | | 1,137 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Wholesale trade | | | 3,380 | | | | 1,464 | | | | 5 | | | | .3 | |
Property management | | | 3,048 | | | | 1,397 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Insurance | | | 2,403 | | | | 152 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Building contractors | | | 2,384 | | | | 1,013 | | | | 7 | | | | .7 | |
Transportation | | | 2,227 | | | | 1,548 | | | | 27 | | | | 1.7 | |
Public administration | | | 939 | | | | 403 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Agriculture/forestry/fishing | | | 916 | | | | 532 | | | | 2 | | | | .4 | |
Communications | | | 877 | | | | 305 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Mining | | | 872 | | | | 264 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Individuals | | | 37 | | | | 12 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other | | | 3,167 | | | | 2,548 | | | | 8 | | | | .3 | |
|
Total | | $ | 52,828 | | | $ | 21,476 | | | $ | 70 | | | | .3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | |
(a) | | Total commitments include unfunded loan commitments, unfunded letters of credit (net of amounts conveyed to others) and loans outstanding. |
Figure 30. Summary of Changes in Nonperforming Loans
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
in millions | | First | | | Fourth | | | Third | | | Second | | | First | |
|
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 215 | | | $ | 223 | | | $ | 279 | | | $ | 295 | | | $ | 277 | |
Loans placed on nonaccrual status | | | 129 | | | | 115 | | | | 134 | | | | 98 | | | | 100 | |
Charge-offs | | | (61 | ) | | | (74 | ) | | | (70 | ) | | | (59 | ) | | | (65 | ) |
Loans sold | | | — | | | | (5 | ) | | | (22 | ) | | | (6 | ) | | | (2 | ) |
Payments | | | (7 | ) | | | (23 | ) | | | (43 | ) | | | (45 | ) | | | (15 | ) |
Transfer to held-for-sale portfolioa | | | — | | | | — | | | | (55 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Transfers to OREO | | | (9 | ) | | | (12 | ) | | | — | | | | (4 | ) | | | — | |
Loans returned to accrual status | | | (13 | ) | | | (9 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
|
Balance at end of period | | $ | 254 | | | $ | 215 | | | $ | 223 | | | $ | 279 | | | $ | 295 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | |
(a) | | On August 1, 2006, Key transferred approximately $55 million of home equity loans from nonperforming loans to nonperforming loans held for sale in connection with its intention to pursue the sale of the Champion Mortgage finance business. |
Liquidity risk management
Key defines “liquidity” as the ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, meet contractual obligations, and fund asset growth and new business transactions at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner and without adverse consequences. Liquidity management involves maintaining sufficient and diverse sources of funding to accommodate planned as well as unanticipated changes in assets and liabilities under both normal and adverse conditions.
Key manages liquidity for all of its affiliates on an integrated basis. This approach considers the unique funding sources available to each entity and the differences in their capabilities to manage through adverse conditions. It also recognizes that the access of all affiliates to money market funding would be similarly affected by adverse market conditions or other events that could negatively affect the level or cost of liquidity. As part of the management process, Key’s management has established guidelines or target ranges that relate to the maturities of various types of wholesale borrowings, such as money market funding
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and term debt. In addition, management assesses Key’s needs for future reliance on wholesale borrowings and then develops strategies to address those needs. Moreover, Key will, on occasion, guarantee a subsidiary’s obligations in transactions with third parties. Management closely monitors the extension of such guarantees to ensure that Key retains ample liquidity in the event it must step in to provide financial support.
Key’s liquidity could be adversely affected by both direct and indirect circumstances. An example of a direct (but hypothetical) event would be a downgrade in Key’s public credit rating by a rating agency due to deterioration in asset quality, a large charge to earnings, a decline in profitability or other financial measures, or a significant merger or acquisition. Examples of indirect (but hypothetical) events unrelated to Key that could have an effect on Key’s access to liquidity would be terrorism or war, natural disasters, political events, or the default or bankruptcy of a major corporation, mutual fund or hedge fund. Similarly, market speculation or rumors about Key or the banking industry in general may adversely affect the cost and availability of normal funding sources.
Key performs stress tests to consider the effect that a potential downgrade in its debt ratings could have on liquidity over various time periods. These debt ratings, which are presented in Figure 31 on page 68, have a direct impact on Key’s cost of funds and ability to raise funds under normal as well as adverse conditions. The results of the stress tests indicate that, following the occurrence of an adverse event, Key can continue to meet its financial obligations and to fund its operations for at least two years. The stress test scenarios include major disruptions to Key’s access to funding markets and consider the potential adverse effect of core client activity on cash flows. To compensate for the effect of these activities, alternative sources of liquidity are incorporated into the analysis over different time periods to project how fluctuations on the balance sheet would be managed. Key actively manages several alternatives for enhancing liquidity, including generating client deposits, securitizing or selling loans, extending the maturity of wholesale borrowings, purchasing deposits from other banks, and developing relationships with fixed income investors. Management also measures Key’s capacity to borrow using various debt instruments and funding markets.
Key maintains a liquidity contingency plan that outlines the process for addressing a liquidity crisis. The plan provides for an evaluation of funding sources under various market conditions. It also assigns specific roles and responsibilities for effectively managing liquidity through a problem period. Key has access to various sources of money market funding (such as federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, eurodollars and commercial paper) and also can borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank’s discount window to meet short-term liquidity requirements. Key did not have any borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank outstanding at March 31, 2007.
Key monitors its funding sources and measures its capacity to obtain funds in a variety of wholesale funding markets in an effort to maintain an appropriate mix of funds, considering both cost and availability. Key uses several tools as described on page 55 of the 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders to actively manage and maintain sufficient liquidity on an ongoing basis.
In addition to cash flows from operations, Key’s cash flows come from both investing and financing activities. Since December 31, 2005, prepayments and maturities of securities available for sale have been the primary sources of cash from investing activities. Securities sold in connection with the repositioning of the securities portfolio also provided significant cash inflow during the first quarter of 2007.
Investing activities that have required the greatest use of cash include lending and purchases of new securities.
Key utilizes financing activities to meet the cash flow needs generated by operating and investing activities that cannot be met by deposit growth. These cash needs may be addressed by increasing short- and/or long-term borrowings. Conversely, excess cash generated by operating, investing and deposit-gathering activities may be used to repay outstanding debt.
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In 2006, cash generated by the sale of discontinued operations was used to pay down short-term borrowings. During the first quarter of 2007, short-term borrowings were used to pay down long-term debt.
The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on page 6 summarize Key’s sources and uses of cash by type of activity for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006.
Liquidity for KeyCorp (the “parent company”)
The parent company has sufficient liquidity when it can service its debt, support customary corporate operations and activities (including acquisitions), at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner and without adverse consequences, and pay dividends to shareholders.
Management’s primary tool for assessing parent company liquidity is the net short-term cash position, which measures the ability to fund debt maturing in twelve months or less with existing liquid assets. Another key measure of parent company liquidity is the “liquidity gap,” which represents the difference between projected liquid assets and anticipated financial obligations over specified time horizons. Key generally relies upon the issuance of term debt to manage the liquidity gap within targeted ranges assigned to various time periods.
The parent has met its liquidity requirements principally through regular dividends from KBNA. Federal banking law limits the amount of capital distributions that a bank can make to its holding company without prior regulatory approval. A national bank’s dividend-paying capacity is affected by several factors, including net profits (as defined by statute) for the two previous calendar years and for the current year up to the date of dividend declaration. During the first three months of 2007, KBNA paid the parent a total of $200 million in dividends, and nonbank subsidiaries paid the parent a total of $18 million in dividends. As of the close of business on March 31, 2007, KBNA had an additional $134 million available to pay dividends to the parent without prior regulatory approval and without affecting its status as “well-capitalized” under FDIC-defined capital categories.
The parent company generally maintains excess funds in short-term investments in an amount sufficient to meet projected debt maturities over the next twelve months. At March 31, 2007, the parent company held $2.1 billion in short-term investments, which management projected to be sufficient to meet debt repayment obligations over a period of approximately 25 months.
Additional sources of liquidity
Management has implemented several programs that enable the parent company and KBNA to raise funding in the public and private markets when necessary. The proceeds from most of these programs can be used for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. Each of the programs is replaced or renewed as needed. There are no restrictive financial covenants in any of these programs.
Bank note program.KBNA’s bank note program provides for the issuance of both long- and short-term debt of up to $20.0 billion. During the first quarter of 2007, there were no notes issued under this program. At March 31, 2007, $18.7 billion was available for future issuance.
Euro medium-term note program.Under Key’s euro medium-term note program, the parent company and KBNA may issue both long- and short-term debt of up to $10.0 billion in the aggregate ($9.0 billion by KBNA and $1.0 billion by the parent company). The notes are offered exclusively to non-U.S. investors and can be denominated in U.S. dollars or foreign currencies. During the first quarter of 2007, there were no notes issued under this program. At March 31, 2007, $6.7 billion was available for future issuance.
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KeyCorp medium-term note program. In January 2005, the parent company registered $2.9 billion of securities under a shelf registration statement filed with the SEC. Of this amount, $1.9 billion has been allocated for the issuance of both long- and short-term debt in the form of medium-term notes. During the first quarter of 2007, there were no notes issued under this program. At March 31, 2007, unused capacity under this shelf registration statement totaled $1.9 billion.
Commercial paper. The parent company has a commercial paper program that provides funding availability of up to $500 million. As of March 31, 2007, there were no borrowings outstanding under this program.
KBNA has a separate commercial paper program at a Canadian subsidiary that provides funding availability of up to C$1.0 billion in Canadian currency. The borrowings under this program can be denominated in Canadian or U.S. dollars. As of March 31, 2007, borrowings outstanding under this commercial paper program totaled C$363 million in Canadian currency and $144 million in U.S. currency (equivalent to C$166 million in Canadian currency).
Key’s debt ratings are shown in Figure 31 below. Management believes that these debt ratings, under normal conditions in the capital markets, allow for future offerings of securities by the parent company or KBNA that would be marketable to investors at a competitive cost.
Figure 31. Debt Ratings
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Enhanced |
| | | | Senior | | Subordinated | | | | Trust |
| | Short-Term | | Long-Term | | Long-Term | | Capital | | Preferred |
March 31, 2007 | | Borrowings | | Debt | | Debt | | Securities | | Securities |
|
KeyCorp (the parent company) | | | | | | | | | | |
Standard & Poor’s | | A-2 | | A- | | BBB+ | | BBB | | BBB |
Moody’s | | P-1 | | A2 | | A3 | | A3 | | A3 |
Fitch | | F1 | | A | | A- | | A- | | A- |
| | | | | | | | | | |
KBNA | | | | | | | | | | |
Standard & Poor’s | | A-1 | | A | | A- | | N/A | | N/A |
Moody’s | | P-1 | | A1 | | A2 | | N/A | | N/A |
Fitch | | F1 | | A | | A- | | N/A | | N/A |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Key Nova Scotia Funding Company (“KNSF”) | | | | | | | | | | |
Dominion Bond Rating Servicea | | R-1 (middle) | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
|
| | |
(a) | | Reflects the guarantee by KBNA of KNSF’s issuance of Canadian commercial paper. |
N/A = Not Applicable
Operational risk management
Key, like all businesses, is subject to operational risk, which is the risk of loss resulting from human error, inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, and external events. Operational risk also encompasses compliance (legal) risk, which is the risk of loss from violations of, or noncompliance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices or ethical standards. Resulting losses could take the form of explicit charges, increased operational costs, harm to Key’s reputation or forgone opportunities. Key seeks to mitigate operational risk through a system of internal controls. For more information on Key’s efforts to monitor and manage its operational risk, see page 57 of Key’s 2006 Annual Report to Shareholders.
Regulatory agreements.On October 17, 2005, KeyCorp entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (“FRBC”), and KBNA entered into a consent order with the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), concerning compliance-related matters, particularly arising under the Bank Secrecy Act. Management does not expect these actions to have a material effect on Key’s operating results; neither the OCC nor the FRBC imposed a fine or civil money penalty in the matter. As part of the
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consent order and memorandum of understanding, Key has agreed to continue to strengthen its anti-money laundering and other compliance controls. Management believes significant progress has been made in this regard and continues to work on making the necessary improvements, including enhanced training for employees, upgraded client due diligence procedures and advanced technologies.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
The information presented in the Market Risk Management section, which begins on page 58 of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, KeyCorp carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of KeyCorp’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of KeyCorp’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, KeyCorp’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures were effective, in all material respects, as of the end of the period covered by this report. No changes were made to KeyCorp’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, KeyCorp’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information presented in the Legal Proceedings section of Note 13 (“Contingent Liabilities and Guarantees”), which begins on page 26 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The information presented in Figure 22 on page 56 of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 6. Exhibits
15 Acknowledgment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Information Available on Website
KeyCorp makes available free of charge on its website, www.Key.com, its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after KeyCorp electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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| | KEYCORP
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| | | | |
| | (Registrant)
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Date: May 9, 2007 | | /s/ Robert L. Morris | | |
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| | By: | | Robert L. Morris | | |
| | | | Executive Vice President | | |
| | | | and Chief Accounting Officer | | |
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